{ "_disclaimer": "AI-generated navigation aid, NOT legal text. The verbatim .md/.json is authoritative; re-verify against the official source_url.", "n_entries": 1759, "topics": [ { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "1", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1. DEFINITIONS AND OTHER GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/BO/1.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/1.json", "summary": "Chapter 1 of the Texas Business Organizations Code sets out the purpose of the code and provides a comprehensive list of definitions for terms used throughout the statutes. It explains how the code is organized, how to interpret its provisions, and which law applies to different types of entities, including domestic and foreign businesses. The chapter also defines concepts like disinterested and independent persons, and clarifies how signatures and electronic communications are treated.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the purpose of the Texas Business Organizations Code?", "How does the code define an affiliate, associate, and governing authority?", "What is the difference between a domestic entity and a foreign entity?", "When does Texas law govern the formation and internal affairs of a business?", "What does the code mean by a disinterested person?", "How is an independent person defined under the code?", "What counts as a signature or electronic transmission in the code?", "What is the definition of a member versus a shareholder?", "How are terms like certificate of formation, amendment, and dissolution used in the code?", "What are the short titles or other names for the various parts of the Business Organizations Code?" ], "issue_tags": [ "definitions", "entity-types", "jurisdiction", "governance", "code-construction", "legal-terms" ], "synonyms": [ "Chapter 1 definitions", "Business Organizations Code glossary", "Texas corporate definitions", "BOC Chapter 1", "Texas business entity terminology" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "2", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2. PURPOSES AND POWER OF DOMESTIC ENTITY", "url": "/statutes/BO/2.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/2.json", "summary": "Chapter 2 of the Texas Business Organizations Code tells what a domestic entity can do and what it can’t. It lists allowed purposes for corporations, nonprofits, professional entities, and cooperatives, and sets out the powers they have—like suing, owning property, borrowing money, and making contracts—while also noting specific prohibited activities.", "questions_answered": [ "What lawful purposes can a Texas corporation have?", "Can a nonprofit corporation operate a bank or insurance company?", "What activities are prohibited for for‑profit corporations in Texas?", "How many types of professional services can a professional corporation provide?", "What powers does a Texas LLC have to borrow money or issue bonds?", "Can a cooperative association own shares in other companies or hold membership in other groups?", "Are there limits on the purposes a nonprofit corporation can pursue?", "Can a nonprofit corporation serve as a trustee of a trust?", "What restrictions apply to a real estate investment trust’s purpose?", "How can a domestic entity’s governing documents limit its purposes or powers?", "Can a corporation require internal disputes to be heard only in Texas courts?", "Is a waiver of a jury trial enforceable for internal entity claims?" ], "issue_tags": [ "entity-purposes", "prohibited-activities", "entity-powers", "nonprofit-restrictions", "professional-entity-limits", "cooperative-association", "internal-claims" ], "synonyms": [ "Domestic Entity Purposes and Powers", "Texas Business Entity Purpose Rules", "Chapter 2 Business Organizations Code", "Entity Purpose and Power Statutes", "Texas Corporate Purpose Provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "3", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 3. FORMATION AND GOVERNANCE", "url": "/statutes/BO/3.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/3.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you how to create a Texas business entity by filing a certificate of formation and what details that document must contain. It also explains how to change, amend, or restate the formation paperwork, how the entity’s leaders are appointed and what records they must keep, and how ownership interests are documented. Finally, it sets out special rules for emergency actions and for handling mergers or conversions.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I start a new corporation, LLC, partnership, or other business entity in Texas?", "What information must I include on the certificate of formation for my type of entity?", "Who can sign the certificate of formation and what are the organizer requirements?", "How can I amend or restate my entity’s certificate of formation after it’s filed?", "What are the rules for issuing and transferring share or ownership certificates?", "What books and records do I have to keep for my business and how can they be inspected?", "What powers do officers and governing persons have, and how can they rely on advice?", "How do emergency actions work for a business entity during a disaster or crisis?", "What steps are required to merge with another entity or convert to a different form?", "What specific provisions are needed for forming a nonprofit, close corporation, or professional entity?" ], "issue_tags": [ "formation", "certificate-of-formation", "amendments", "governance", "recordkeeping", "ownership-certificates", "emergency-actions" ], "synonyms": [ "entity formation rules", "certificate of formation requirements", "business entity governance", "Texas filing entity formation", "formation and governance provisions", "entity amendment and restatement rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "4", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 4. FILINGS", "url": "/statutes/BO/4.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/4.json", "summary": "Chapter 4 sets the rules for filing documents with the Texas Secretary of State (or county clerk for certain real estate trusts). It covers who can sign, how filings are delivered, fees, when filings become effective, how to correct or abandon filings, and the penalties for false filings. The chapter also lists the fees for different types of business entities and provides guidance on using state forms and electronic copies.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I file a formation or amendment document for my Texas business?", "Who is allowed to sign a filing and do I need proof of authority?", "Can I submit a photocopy or electronic version instead of an original filing?", "What are the filing fees for corporations, LLCs, partnerships, and nonprofits?", "When does a filing become effective and can I delay its effective date?", "How do I correct a mistake on a filing that has already been accepted?", "What is the process to abandon a filing before it takes effect?", "What penalties apply if I knowingly file a false document?", "Do I have to use the Secretary of State’s forms for my filing?", "Where do I file documents for a domestic real estate investment trust?" ], "issue_tags": [ "filing-requirements", "filing-fees", "effective-date", "correction", "penalties", "real-estate-investment-trust", "electronic-filing" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas business filing rules", "Secretary of State filing procedures", "Corporate filing requirements", "Business entity filing statutes", "Filing and correction provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "5", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 5. NAMES OF ENTITIES; REGISTERED AGENTS AND REGISTERED OFFICES", "url": "/statutes/BO/5.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/5.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas businesses how to pick a name that is unique, includes required words (like \"LLC\" or \"Corporation\"), and avoids prohibited terms. It explains how to reserve or register a name, what to do if a name is too similar to another, and the rules for using assumed names. It also sets out the duties for designating a registered agent and office, and how legal papers can be served on the entity.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I use any name I want for my Texas corporation or LLC?", "What words must appear in the name of a corporation, LLC, partnership, or cooperative?", "How do I reserve a business name before I form my company?", "What if my desired name is already taken by another Texas entity?", "Are there any words I am not allowed to use in my business name?", "How do I change my registered agent or registered office?", "What happens if my business doesn’t have a registered agent?", "Can a foreign company register a name in Texas, and what are the rules?", "Do I need to get consent if my name is similar to another entity’s name?", "How is legal notice or lawsuit paperwork served on my business?" ], "issue_tags": [ "name-requirements", "name-reservation", "name-registration", "distinguishable-name", "prohibited-words", "registered-agent", "registered-office", "service-of-process" ], "synonyms": [ "entity naming rules", "business name registration", "registered agent requirements", "name reservation process", "name registration guidelines", "entity name guidelines", "registered office rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "6", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 6. MEETINGS AND VOTING FOR DOMESTIC ENTITIES", "url": "/statutes/BO/6.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/6.json", "summary": "Chapter 6 tells Texas businesses where they can hold meetings, how to give notice, and how to conduct votes—including electronic meetings and remote voting. It explains record dates for determining who can vote or receive notices, rules for voting interests held by trusts, estates, other entities, or pledged, and how actions can be approved by unanimous or partial written consent without a meeting. The chapter also covers voting trusts and agreements and when the rules apply to partnerships and LLCs.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I hold a meeting of owners or members by video conference or phone?", "Do I have to give written notice before a meeting, and what must the notice include?", "Can someone waive the notice requirement by signing a waiver or by showing up at the meeting?", "What is a record date and how is it used to determine who can vote or receive a distribution?", "How can a trust, estate, or guardian vote an ownership interest without transferring it?", "Can a receiver or a pledged interest vote the interest, and under what conditions?", "What are the rules for voting interests that are owned by another corporation or partnership?", "How do I approve an action without holding a meeting by using written consent?", "What is a voting trust and how does it affect voting rights?", "Can owners create a voting agreement that changes how their shares are voted?", "Do the meeting and voting rules apply to general partnerships or limited liability companies?" ], "issue_tags": [ "meeting-location", "electronic-meetings", "notice-requirements", "record-date", "voting-rights", "written-consent", "voting-trusts" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas business entity meeting and voting rules", "Domestic entity meeting procedures", "Chapter 6 Business Organizations Code", "Meeting and voting provisions for Texas entities", "Owner and member meeting statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "6A", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 6A. PROXY ADVISORY SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/BO/6A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/6A.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for companies that give voting advice to shareholders, especially when that advice is influenced by non‑financial goals like ESG or diversity. It requires clear disclosures about those influences, mandates economic analysis when needed, and outlines how to handle conflicting recommendations. It also provides ways for shareholders or companies to sue for deceptive practices and allows the attorney general to intervene.", "questions_answered": [ "What must a proxy advisor disclose if its voting recommendation is based on ESG or other non‑financial factors?", "Do proxy advisors have to provide an economic analysis when they recommend voting against a shareholder‑proposed measure?", "How should a proxy advisor handle situations where it gives opposite voting advice to different clients?", "What information must a proxy advisor give to the company and the public when its advice is not solely in shareholders' financial interest?", "Can a shareholder or a company sue a proxy advisor for deceptive practices under this chapter?", "What are the penalties if a proxy advisor fails to disclose non‑financial influences on its voting advice?", "Is the attorney general allowed to intervene in lawsuits against proxy advisors?", "Do proxy advisors need to disclose conflicts of interest when their recommendations differ from the board’s recommendation?", "What definitions does the law use for terms like ‘company proposal’ and ‘proxy advisor’?" ], "issue_tags": [ "proxy-advisory", "disclosure-requirements", "nonfinancial-factors", "conflict-of-interest", "shareholder-voting", "enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "proxy advisory services regulations", "proxy advisor disclosure rules", "nonfinancial voting advice requirements", "shareholder voting advisory disclosures", "proxy voting conflict guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "7", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 7. LIABILITY", "url": "/statutes/BO/7.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/7.json", "summary": "This chapter lets certain Texas business entities (like corporations, banks, and similar organizations) include provisions in their formation documents that limit or eliminate a manager's personal liability for actions taken in their official role. However, the protection does not apply if the manager breaches loyalty, acts in bad faith, commits intentional wrongdoing, receives an improper benefit, or is liable under another specific law. The rules also extend to partnerships and LLCs through their own governing agreements.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a corporation or similar organization protect its managers from personal lawsuits?", "What kinds of misconduct still make a manager personally liable despite liability limits?", "Can a partnership agreement limit a partner's liability the same way a corporate charter can?", "Do LLC operating agreements allow managers to avoid personal responsibility for certain actions?", "What does \"breach of duty of loyalty\" mean for a manager’s liability?", "Are managers still liable for intentional wrongdoing even if the charter limits liability?", "Can a manager be protected from liability if they receive a benefit from a transaction?", "How does federal law affect liability limits for federally chartered banks or credit unions?", "What statutory provisions can override a manager’s liability protection?", "Do liability limits apply to actions taken outside the manager’s official duties?" ], "issue_tags": [ "managerial-liability", "business-entity", "fiduciary-duty", "corporate-governance", "partnership-agreement", "llc-operating-agreement" ], "synonyms": [ "managerial official liability limitation", "director liability protection", "officer liability rules", "manager liability limits", "corporate officer liability", "business manager liability" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "8", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 8. INDEMNIFICATION AND INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/BO/8.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/8.json", "summary": "Chapter 8 of the Texas Business Organizations Code tells businesses when they must or may cover legal costs and liabilities for their directors, officers, delegates, and other representatives. It outlines mandatory indemnification, court‑ordered and permissive indemnification, advance payment of expenses, insurance options, and reporting requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "When is a Texas corporation required to pay my attorney fees if I'm sued as a director?", "Can a limited liability company include indemnification provisions in its operating agreement?", "What standards must be met for a governing person to receive permissive indemnification?", "How does a court decide whether to order a business to indemnify a former officer?", "Can a business advance legal expenses before a case is resolved, and what must I promise to get that advance?", "What types of liability can a business insure against for its officers and directors?", "Do the governing documents of a partnership limit the company’s ability to indemnify its managers?", "What reporting must a company do to owners after it indemnifies a director?", "Are judgments and fines covered by indemnification for a governing person?", "Can an employee who is not a director receive indemnification under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "indemnification", "expense-advancement", "liability-insurance", "governing-persons", "court-ordered", "corporate-governance" ], "synonyms": [ "Indemnification provisions", "Director and officer indemnity", "Corporate indemnity rules", "Texas business entity indemnification", "Enterprise indemnification and insurance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "9", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 9. FOREIGN ENTITIES", "url": "/statutes/BO/9.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/9.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out when out‑of‑state corporations, LLCs, partnerships, trusts and other foreign entities must register to do business in Texas, what information they must provide, and how to keep the registration current. It also explains how to amend, withdraw, or reinstate a registration, the penalties for operating without registration, and what activities are considered doing business in the state.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need to register my foreign corporation or LLC to conduct business in Texas?", "How do I file an application to register a foreign entity in Texas?", "What details must I include in the registration application for a foreign LLC or partnership?", "Can I change the name of my foreign entity after it is registered, and what happens if the new name isn’t allowed?", "What are the penalties if I operate in Texas without registering as a foreign entity?", "How do I amend my registration when I change my business activities or add a new general partner?", "What is the process for voluntarily withdrawing my foreign entity’s registration?", "When is a foreign entity automatically withdrawn because it converted to a Texas domestic entity?", "What activities do not count as “transacting business” in Texas for a foreign entity?", "How does the Secretary of State revoke a foreign entity’s registration, and how can I reinstate it?", "What are the late filing fees if I register after more than 90 days of doing business?", "Can a foreign nonprofit corporation register, and what extra information does it need to provide?" ], "issue_tags": [ "foreign-entity-registration", "texas-business-law", "registration-penalties", "amendment-procedures", "name-change", "revocation", "business-activity-definition" ], "synonyms": [ "foreign entity registration", "foreign filing entity", "out‑of‑state business registration", "Texas foreign entity filing", "foreign corporation registration", "foreign LLC registration", "registration of out‑of‑state entities" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "10", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 10. MERGERS, INTEREST EXCHANGES, CONVERSIONS, AND SALES OF ASSETS", "url": "/statutes/BO/10.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/10.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rules for Texas business entities to combine, exchange interests, change their legal form, or sell most of their assets. It tells how to draft and approve a plan of merger or exchange, what must be included in the filing documents, and how owners can object and receive fair value. It also covers special rules for partnerships, nonprofits, holding‑company structures, and the rights of dissenting owners.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I merge two Texas corporations or LLCs?", "What information must be included in a plan of merger or interest exchange?", "When do I need to file a certificate of merger, exchange, or conversion?", "Can I convert my LLC into a corporation (or vice versa) and what steps are required?", "What notice must be given to owners who have dissent rights before a merger or conversion?", "How can a dissenting owner get the fair value of their ownership interest?", "Can a nonprofit corporation merge with a for‑profit entity, and what restrictions apply?", "What is a short‑form merger and when can a parent company merge with its subsidiaries?", "How can a merger, exchange, or conversion be abandoned before it becomes effective?", "What are the rules for transferring or selling all or substantially all of a company’s assets?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mergers", "interest-exchanges", "conversions", "dissent-rights", "filing-requirements", "asset-sales", "nonprofit-mergers" ], "synonyms": [ "business combination", "entity merger", "plan of merger", "interest exchange", "entity conversion", "sale of assets", "corporate restructuring" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "11", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 11. WINDING UP AND TERMINATION OF DOMESTIC ENTITY", "url": "/statutes/BO/11.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/11.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rules for ending a Texas domestic business entity, whether by the owners' choice or by court order. It covers how to wind up the entity’s affairs, notify creditors, distribute assets, and handle claims, as well as how to reinstate a terminated entity or appoint a receiver. The chapter also explains the filing requirements and the limited period a terminated entity can continue to exist for certain purposes.", "questions_answered": [ "When must I dissolve my Texas LLC or corporation?", "How do I voluntarily wind up a Texas partnership or limited liability company?", "What steps do I need to take to notify creditors and claimants when my business is terminated?", "Can I cancel a voluntary dissolution and revive my Texas entity?", "What happens to existing claims against a terminated business?", "How does the state handle assets when owners or creditors cannot be located?", "What is the process for a court‑ordered liquidation and termination of a filing entity?", "How can a terminated entity be reinstated and what paperwork is required?", "When does a filing entity’s existence end after filing a certificate of termination?", "What are the rules for appointing a receiver to manage or liquidate a Texas business?" ], "issue_tags": [ "winding-up", "termination", "reinstatement", "receivership", "creditor-notice", "court-supervision", "asset-distribution" ], "synonyms": [ "business dissolution", "entity winding up", "corporate termination", "Texas entity liquidation", "domestic entity wind‑up", "entity termination process" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "12", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 12. ADMINISTRATIVE POWERS", "url": "/statutes/BO/12.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/12.json", "summary": "This chapter gives the Secretary of State and the Attorney General the authority to manage business filings, request information, and enforce compliance. It outlines how the state can issue certificates, conduct interrogatories, place liens on property, and pursue legal actions such as foreclosures or receiverships against entities that violate the law. It also includes a fee waiver for new veteran‑owned businesses.", "questions_answered": [ "What can the Secretary of State do if my business filing is rejected?", "How do I appeal a disapproval of a filing instrument by the Secretary of State?", "What information can the Attorney General request from my company’s records?", "What happens if I refuse to let the Attorney General examine my business books?", "Can the state place a lien on my business property for unpaid fines or penalties?", "How does the state foreclose on a lien against my company?", "When will a receiver be appointed for my business and what does that mean?", "Are there any fee waivers for new veteran‑owned businesses filing with the Secretary of State?", "What penalties apply if I fail to comply with a subpoena or interrogatory from the Secretary of State?", "Can the state sue my business for insolvency or violation of Texas law?" ], "issue_tags": [ "administrative-powers", "secretary-of-state", "attorney-general", "business-compliance", "enforcement-lien", "receiver-appointment", "veteran-fee-waiver" ], "synonyms": [ "Administrative Powers Chapter", "Secretary of State filing authority", "Attorney General examination authority", "Business enforcement provisions", "State enforcement lien rules", "Veteran business fee waiver" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "20", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 20. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/BO/20.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/20.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you who must sign a corporation’s official filing documents, like termination or amendment certificates. It also says that a corporation’s lack of authority isn’t a legal defense, but shareholders, the corporation itself, or the attorney general can challenge actions that go beyond the corporation’s stated purpose or exceed an officer’s authority.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is required to sign a corporation’s filing documents in Texas?", "Can an organizer or director sign a certificate of termination or reinstatement?", "What happens if a corporation does something outside the purpose listed in its certificate of formation?", "Can a shareholder sue to stop an unauthorized corporate act?", "Can the corporation itself take action against an officer who exceeds their authority?", "What powers does the Texas attorney general have if a corporation acts ultra vires?", "Is an ultra vires act automatically void or can it be enforced?", "Can a court enjoin a contract that involves an unauthorized corporate act?", "What remedies are available if a corporation’s unauthorized act causes loss or damage?", "Do limitations on officer authority in the certificate of formation affect the validity of corporate actions?" ], "issue_tags": [ "signature-requirements", "ultra-vires", "corporate-authority", "filing-instruments", "shareholder-enforcement", "attorney-general-actions" ], "synonyms": [ "General Provisions Chapter 20", "Business Organizations Code Chapter 20", "Corporate filing signature rules", "Ultra vires provisions", "Texas corporate authority rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "21", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 21. FOR-PROFIT CORPORATIONS", "url": "/statutes/BO/21.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/21.json", "summary": "Chapter 21 of the Texas Business Organizations Code sets out the rules for forming and running for‑profit corporations. It covers everything from how shares are authorized, issued, redeemed, and cancelled, to the powers and responsibilities of directors and officers, shareholder voting, and the procedures for major corporate actions like mergers, conversions, and sales of assets. The chapter also explains shareholders' agreements, close corporation provisions, public benefit corporation requirements, and the process for derivative lawsuits.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a corporation issue new shares or cancel treasury shares?", "What is a shareholders' agreement and how can it change the way a corporation is managed?", "When must shareholders vote on a merger, conversion, or other fundamental business transaction?", "What duties do directors owe to the corporation and what liability do they face for wrongful actions?", "What limits apply to cash dividends and share dividends paid by a corporation?", "Do shareholders have a pre‑emptive right to buy new shares before they are offered to others?", "How can a close corporation become an ordinary corporation or terminate its close‑corporation status?", "What special rules apply to public benefit corporations regarding their purpose and director duties?", "How can a shareholder bring a derivative action on behalf of the corporation?", "What are the rules for proxy voting, electronic meetings, and voting by shareholders?" ], "issue_tags": [ "corporate-governance", "shareholder-rights", "director-duties", "stock-issuance", "mergers-acquisitions", "close-corporations", "public-benefit-corporations", "derivative-actions" ], "synonyms": [ "for-profit corporation law", "Texas corporate code", "Business Organizations Code Chapter 21", "Texas corporate statutes", "corporate governance statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "22", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 22. NONPROFIT CORPORATIONS", "url": "/statutes/BO/22.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/22.json", "summary": "Chapter 22 sets out the rules for Texas nonprofit corporations, covering how they are formed, governed, and dissolved. It defines members, directors, and officers, outlines meeting requirements (including remote meetings), voting, financial reporting, and limits on profit distribution. The chapter also governs major actions like mergers, asset sales, conversions, and winding up, and provides procedures for correcting defective corporate acts.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I form a nonprofit corporation in Texas?", "Can a nonprofit corporation hold meetings by phone or video conference?", "What rules apply to voting and elections of directors and members?", "Are dividends or profit distributions allowed for a nonprofit corporation?", "What are the requirements for approving a merger or sale of assets?", "How must a nonprofit corporation keep financial records and file annual reports?", "What steps are required to wind up or dissolve a nonprofit corporation?", "How can a nonprofit corporation correct a defective corporate act?", "What liability protections do members and directors have?", "Can a nonprofit corporation lend money to its employees or officers?" ], "issue_tags": [ "nonprofit-corporation", "governance", "members", "directors", "mergers", "asset-sale", "winding-up", "financial-reporting", "remote-meetings", "ratification" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas nonprofit corporation law", "Business Organizations Code Chapter 22", "Texas nonprofit corporate statutes", "Texas nonprofit corporate code", "Nonprofit corporation provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "23", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 23. SPECIAL-PURPOSE CORPORATIONS", "url": "/statutes/BO/23.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/23.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for Texas corporations created for special purposes, such as business development corporations that promote state economic growth and grand lodge corporations for fraternal or charitable groups. It outlines how these entities are organized, governed, financed, and what powers they have, including loan limits, voting rights, and filing requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I form a business development corporation in Texas?", "What are the requirements for directors and officers of a business development corporation?", "Can a financial institution become a member of a business development corporation and what are the loan limits?", "What voting rights do shareholders and members have in a business development corporation?", "What powers does a business development corporation have to borrow money, issue bonds, or acquire property?", "What filing and reporting obligations do special-purpose corporations have with the Secretary of State?", "How are grand lodge corporations formed and what powers do they have over property and loans?", "Are grand lodge corporations exempt from Texas franchise tax?", "Can a nonprofit be organized as a business development corporation?", "What happens if a member withdraws from a business development corporation?", "What are the surplus and capital requirements for a business development corporation?", "What statutes govern special-purpose corporations that are not profit or nonprofit?" ], "issue_tags": [ "special-purpose-corporations", "business-development-corporations", "grand-lodges", "corporate-governance", "loan-limits", "membership-requirements", "filing-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "Special-Purpose Corporations", "Business Development Corporations", "Grand Lodge Corporations", "Special Statute Corporations", "State Development Companies", "Fraternal Organization Corporations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "101", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 101. LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES", "url": "/statutes/BO/101.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/101.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for Texas limited liability companies, covering how they are formed, how members and managers run the business, and what rights and duties they have. It explains the company (operating) agreement, how membership interests can be created, transferred, and valued, and limits members' personal liability. The chapter also governs special series within an LLC, how profits and distributions are handled, and the procedures for derivative lawsuits and winding up the company.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I form a limited liability company in Texas?", "What is a company agreement and how does it differ from the certificate of formation?", "Can I change or amend the operating agreement of my LLC, and what approvals are needed?", "What rights do members have to receive profits, losses, and cash distributions?", "Am I personally liable for the debts or judgments against the LLC?", "How can I assign or sell my membership interest, and does the buyer become a member automatically?", "What is a charging order and how does it affect a member’s interest when a creditor sues?", "Can a member be expelled or forced to withdraw from the LLC?", "What are the rules for creating and managing series (protected or registered) within an LLC?", "How do I bring a derivative lawsuit on behalf of the LLC?", "What steps are required to wind up or dissolve an LLC or a series?", "Can a manager or member be removed, and what is the process for filling vacancies?" ], "issue_tags": [ "limited-liability-company", "operating-agreement", "membership-interest", "series-llc", "derivative-action", "management", "contributions", "distributions" ], "synonyms": [ "LLC", "limited liability company", "company agreement", "operating agreement", "member-managed LLC", "manager-managed LLC", "protected series", "registered series", "series LLC", "member", "manager" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "151", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 151. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/BO/151.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/151.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the basic terms used in Texas partnership law, such as what counts as a partner's capital account, a distribution, and a foreign limited partnership. It also explains when a person is considered to have knowledge or notice of a fact, and how notice is given to a partnership. Finally, it allows partnerships to appoint officers and clarifies that partnership agreements bind all partners even if they don’t sign the document.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a capital account in a partnership?", "How does the law define a distribution to a partner?", "What does ‘foreign limited partnership’ mean?", "How is ‘majority‑in‑interest’ calculated among partners?", "What is a partnership agreement and does it have to be signed?", "When is a person considered to have actual knowledge of a fact?", "When does someone have notice of a fact under Texas partnership law?", "How must notice be given to a partnership or its general partner?", "Can a partnership have officers and how are they appointed?", "Do partners who didn’t sign the partnership agreement still have to follow it?" ], "issue_tags": [ "partnership-definitions", "knowledge-notice", "partnership-agreement", "partnership-officers", "foreign-limited-partnership", "capital-account" ], "synonyms": [ "General partnership provisions", "Texas partnership definitions", "Business Organizations Code Chapter 151", "Partnership agreement rules", "Partnership knowledge and notice rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "152", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 152. GENERAL PARTNERSHIPS", "url": "/statutes/BO/152.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/152.json", "summary": "Chapter 152 sets the rules for general partnerships in Texas. It explains how partnerships are created, the rights and duties of partners, how interests can be transferred or redeemed, and what happens when a partner withdraws, dies, or divorces. The chapter also covers limited‑liability partnerships, foreign LLP registration, and the process for winding up a partnership.", "questions_answered": [ "What makes an association of people a partnership under Texas law?", "What duties of loyalty, care, and good faith do partners owe each other?", "Can a partner transfer or sell their partnership interest, and what rights does the buyer get?", "How does a partner withdraw from a partnership and what are the consequences?", "What happens to a partner’s interest if they die, get divorced, or become incapacitated?", "Is partnership property owned by the partners or by the partnership itself?", "What are the rules for forming and registering a limited‑liability partnership in Texas?", "How do foreign limited‑liability partnerships register and maintain their status in Texas?", "What is a charging order and how does it affect a partner’s interest when a judgment is entered?", "When and how are partnership accounts settled and assets distributed during winding up?", "What annual reporting requirements apply to limited‑liability partnerships?", "Can a partner be personally liable for partnership debts, and under what circumstances?" ], "issue_tags": [ "partnership-formation", "partner-duties", "interest-transfer", "withdrawal-redemption", "limited-liability-partnership", "foreign-llp", "winding-up" ], "synonyms": [ "General Partnerships", "Texas Partnership Code", "Partnership Law", "LLP Registration", "Partner Withdrawal Rules", "Partnership Redemption" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "153", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 153. LIMITED PARTNERSHIPS", "url": "/statutes/BO/153.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/153.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rules for Texas limited partnerships, covering how they are formed, how partners are admitted, and what rights and duties each type of partner has. It explains how to amend the partnership's certificate of formation, the reporting and record‑keeping obligations, and the procedures for withdrawing, distributing assets, and winding up the partnership. It also provides guidance on liability limits for limited partners, how interests can be assigned, and how derivative lawsuits are handled.", "questions_answered": [ "How does someone become a limited partner in a Texas limited partnership?", "When can a limited partner be held personally liable for partnership debts?", "What events require filing an amendment to the certificate of formation?", "What are the reporting and record‑keeping requirements for a limited partnership?", "How can a limited partner withdraw from the partnership and receive a distribution?", "Can a partnership interest be assigned or transferred to another person?", "What are the rules for making distributions to partners and limiting those distributions?", "How are derivative actions by limited partners initiated and what are the procedural steps?", "What happens if a limited partnership fails to file its required periodic report?", "How does a limited partnership become a limited liability partnership and what changes then apply?" ], "issue_tags": [ "limited-partnership", "partner-liability", "certificate-amendment", "reporting-requirements", "withdrawal-distribution", "interest-assignment", "derivative-action", "winding-up" ], "synonyms": [ "Limited Partnership Law", "Texas Limited Partnership Code", "Limited partnership statutes", "Limited partnership provisions", "Limited partnership regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "154", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 154. PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO BOTH GENERAL AND LIMITED PARTNERSHIPS", "url": "/statutes/BO/154.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/154.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the basic rules that apply to both general and limited partnerships in Texas. It explains that a partner’s interest is personal property, not co‑ownership of partnership assets, and describes how partnership agreements can create different classes of partners, set voting procedures, grant rights to third parties, and be enforceable even without a signature. It also covers partner transactions, creditor relationships, limits on non‑cash distributions, irrevocable powers of attorney, and how void or voidable actions can be ratified.", "questions_answered": [ "Is a partner’s share in a partnership treated as personal property?", "Can a partner’s interest be considered community property under Texas law?", "Am I allowed to transfer my partnership interest to someone else?", "Can a partnership agreement create different classes of partners with special voting rights?", "What voting rules can a partnership agreement require, such as notice, quorum, or proxy voting?", "Can a person who isn’t a partner be given rights under the partnership agreement?", "Is a partnership agreement enforceable even if the partnership never signed it?", "May a partner lend money to the partnership and be treated like a non‑partner in that transaction?", "Does a partner’s withdrawal or addition change the partnership’s obligations to its creditors?", "Can a partner demand a distribution of assets other than cash?", "When is a power of attorney for partnership matters considered irrevocable?", "How can a partnership correct a transaction that was originally void or voidable?" ], "issue_tags": [ "partnership-interest", "partnership-agreement", "voting-rights", "creditor-relations", "distributions", "irrevocable-power-of-attorney", "ratification" ], "synonyms": [ "Partnership statutes", "General and limited partnership provisions", "Texas partnership law", "Partner interest rules", "Partnership agreement enforcement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "200", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 200. REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS", "url": "/statutes/BO/200.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/200.json", "summary": "Chapter 200 sets the rules for Texas real estate investment trusts (REITs). It tells how a REIT is created, how its managers and shareholders run it, how shares are issued and transferred, and what limits apply to distributions, voting, mergers, and winding up. The chapter also outlines the duties and liability of trust managers and officers.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I form a real estate investment trust in Texas?", "What steps are required to amend a REIT’s certificate of formation or bylaws?", "Who can serve as a trust manager and what qualifications are needed?", "How are shares of a REIT issued, priced, and transferred?", "What voting rights do shareholders have and how are proxies handled?", "When can a REIT make cash or share distributions and what limits apply?", "What approvals are needed for a REIT to merge, convert, or sell most of its assets?", "What liability do trust managers face for improper distributions or loans?", "How can a REIT be voluntarily wound up or reinstated?", "What rights do shareholders have to inspect REIT records or dissent on major actions?" ], "issue_tags": [ "real-estate-investment-trust", "formation", "governance", "shares", "distributions", "mergers", "liability" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas REIT statutes", "Chapter 200 REIT provisions", "Real Estate Investment Trust code", "REIT governance rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "251", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 251. COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATIONS", "url": "/statutes/BO/251.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/251.json", "summary": "Chapter 251 sets out the rules for Texas cooperative associations, covering how they are formed, governed, and dissolved. It explains member rights, voting, capital contributions, profit distribution, reporting, and tax exemptions. The chapter also details how shares can be transferred, how members can be expelled, and how the cooperative’s name may be used.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I start a cooperative association in Texas?", "What voting rights do members of a cooperative have?", "Can a cooperative give members a share of its profits, and how is that calculated?", "What limits exist on returns paid to investors in a cooperative?", "How can a member be expelled from a cooperative and what compensation are they owed?", "What is the process for a member to sell or withdraw their shares from a cooperative?", "What financial reports must a cooperative provide to its members each year?", "How does a cooperative dissolve voluntarily or involuntarily, and how are assets divided?", "Is a cooperative exempt from state franchise taxes and other fees?", "Who is allowed to use the word \"cooperative\" in a business name in Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "cooperative-association", "governance", "membership", "finance", "dissolution", "tax-exemption", "voting" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Cooperative Association Law", "Chapter 251 of the Business Organizations Code", "Cooperative Associations Code", "Texas cooperative statutes", "Cooperative association regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "252", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 252. UNINCORPORATED NONPROFIT ASSOCIATIONS", "url": "/statutes/BO/252.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/252.json", "summary": "Chapter 252 sets out the rules for unincorporated nonprofit associations in Texas—groups of three or more people formed for a nonprofit purpose. It tells how these groups can own, transfer, and be a beneficiary of real or personal property, limits members' personal liability, and explains how the association can sue, be sued, keep records, appoint an agent for legal papers, and handle assets if it becomes inactive.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an unincorporated nonprofit association own or sell real estate?", "Are members personally liable for the debts or lawsuits against the nonprofit association?", "How does a nonprofit association get served with legal papers?", "What records does an unincorporated nonprofit have to keep and for how long?", "What is a statement of authority and when is it needed for property transfers?", "Can a nonprofit association be a beneficiary of a trust, contract, or will?", "What happens to the property of a nonprofit that has been inactive for several years?", "Does a judgment against the nonprofit automatically affect its members?", "How can a nonprofit association merge with or convert into another organization?", "Can members sue on behalf of the nonprofit association, and what standing is required?" ], "issue_tags": [ "unincorporated-nonprofit", "member-liability", "property-ownership", "service-of-process", "record-keeping", "inactive-asset-disposition", "mergers-conversions" ], "synonyms": [ "unincorporated nonprofit association", "nonprofit association", "nonprofit group", "unincorporated nonprofit", "Texas nonprofit association law", "Chapter 252 nonprofit rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "301", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 301. PROVISIONS RELATING TO PROFESSIONAL ENTITIES", "url": "/statutes/BO/301.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/301.json", "summary": "Chapter 301 sets the rules for Texas professional entities—such as professional associations, corporations, and limited liability companies—that provide services requiring a state license. It defines who can own, manage, and work for these entities, requires that owners and key personnel hold the appropriate licenses, and outlines how ownership can be transferred. The chapter also covers liability for malpractice, exemptions from securities laws, and special provisions for joint ownership by certain health professionals.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a dentist or other licensed professional form a professional corporation or LLC in Texas?", "What licenses must owners, managers, and employees have to work for a professional entity?", "How can a foreign professional corporation register to do business in Texas?", "What happens to an owner's interest if they lose their professional license?", "Are professional entities personally liable for malpractice committed by their owners or employees?", "Can a professional entity sell ownership interests without complying with securities regulations?", "Can physicians and physician assistants jointly own a professional association or LLC?", "What types of services are considered professional services under this chapter?", "May a professional entity employ non‑licensed staff like clerks or technicians?", "How can ownership interests in a professional entity be transferred to another party?", "Do professional associations have different ownership rules than professional corporations?", "What is the definition of a professional organization in relation to a professional entity?" ], "issue_tags": [ "professional-entities", "licensing-requirements", "ownership-transfer", "liability", "joint-practice", "foreign-entity-registration", "securities-exemption" ], "synonyms": [ "Professional entity statutes", "Texas professional corporation rules", "Professional association regulations", "Professional LLC provisions", "Professional service entity law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "302", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 302. PROVISIONS RELATING TO PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS", "url": "/statutes/BO/302.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/302.json", "summary": "Chapter 302 sets out the rules for Texas professional associations, covering how they are created, governed, and ended. It applies standard corporate provisions unless they conflict with the specific professional rules, and details member voting, officer eligibility, profit sharing, bylaws, and winding‑up procedures.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I form a professional association in Texas?", "What governance structure must a professional association have?", "Can members vote on association matters and how are their voting rights defined?", "Who is eligible to serve as officers or the president of a professional association?", "How are profits divided among the members of a professional association?", "Can a member bind the association in the course of its business?", "How can the certificate of formation be amended after the association is formed?", "What steps are required to dissolve or wind up a professional association?", "What happens to the association if a member dies, resigns, or is expelled?", "May a professional association hire agents or employees?", "Do the general corporate statutes apply to professional associations?", "How are bylaws adopted and who can adopt them for the association?" ], "issue_tags": [ "professional-association", "governance", "membership", "formation", "dissolution", "profit-distribution", "bylaws" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Professional Association Act", "Professional Association provisions", "Chapter 302 Professional Associations", "Professional entity statutes", "Professional association governance rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "303", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 303. PROVISIONS RELATING TO PROFESSIONAL CORPORATIONS", "url": "/statutes/BO/303.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/303.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out how professional corporations are treated like regular for‑profit corporations unless the rules conflict with professional‑entity law. It limits shareholder liability, says shareholders don’t have to supervise officers, and requires any share‑transfer restrictions to be noted on the stock certificate. It also allows the corporation to buy back (redeem) shares, defines how the price is set, and explains that the corporation stays alive despite shareholder deaths or changes, with specific rules for signing a termination filing.", "questions_answered": [ "Do shareholders of a professional corporation have to supervise the corporation’s officers or employees?", "What personal liability do shareholders of a professional corporation face?", "How must a professional corporation disclose restrictions on transferring its shares?", "Can a professional corporation redeem (buy back) a shareholder’s shares, including those of a deceased shareholder?", "Who decides the price and terms when a professional corporation redeems shares?", "Does a professional corporation automatically dissolve when a shareholder dies, retires, or is expelled?", "What happens to a professional corporation if all its officers die?", "Who can sign the certificate of termination if there are no living officers or directors?", "Do the general corporate rules in Chapters 20 and 21 apply to professional corporations?", "Can a professional corporation continue operating after a shareholder’s bankruptcy or incompetency?" ], "issue_tags": [ "professional-corporation", "shareholder-liability", "share-transfer-restrictions", "share-redemption", "corporate-termination", "governance" ], "synonyms": [ "Professional corporation statutes", "Prof Corp provisions", "Texas professional corporation law", "Professional entity rules", "Prof corp share transfer rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "304", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 304. PROVISIONS RELATING TO PROFESSIONAL LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES", "url": "/statutes/BO/304.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/304.json", "summary": "This chapter says that the general rules for limited liability companies (LLCs) also apply to professional limited liability companies (PLLCs), unless those rules clash with the specific provisions for professional entities. In other words, PLLCs follow the standard LLC law unless there is a direct conflict, in which case the professional entity rules take precedence.", "questions_answered": [ "Do the regular LLC rules apply to a professional limited liability company?", "What happens if a professional LLC rule conflicts with the general LLC law?", "Can I form a professional limited liability company using the same steps as a regular LLC?", "When do the professional entity provisions override the standard LLC provisions?", "Are there any special rules for professional LLCs that differ from regular LLCs?", "Does Title 3 govern professional limited liability companies?", "What does it mean when the statute says there is a conflict with this title?", "Do professional LLCs have to follow both Title 3 and Title 7, or just one?", "How is a professional limited liability company treated under the Business Organizations Code?", "Is there a separate set of laws for professional LLCs, or do they share the same law as other LLCs?" ], "issue_tags": [ "professional-llc", "limited-liability-company", "conflict-of-law", "business-entity", "applicability" ], "synonyms": [ "professional limited liability company provisions", "PLLC rules", "professional LLC statutes", "professional entity LLC applicability", "professional LLC governance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "401", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 401. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/BO/401.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/401.json", "summary": "Chapter 401 of the Business Organizations Code provides the basic definitions used throughout the code. It explains what a “mandatory application date” is for different types of entities and sets the start dates when the code’s rules begin to apply. It also defines “prior law” as the rules that were in effect before the code took effect.", "questions_answered": [ "When does the Business Organizations Code start to apply to my business?", "What is a mandatory application date and how is it determined?", "Which date do I need to follow if my entity is covered by Section 402.001?", "How is the mandatory application date calculated for entities under Sections 402.003 or 402.004?", "What date applies to businesses that are not covered by Sections 402.001, 402.003, or 402.004?", "What does “prior law” mean for my organization?", "Do I need to follow the new code if my company was formed before 2006?", "Where can I find the official definitions used in the Business Organizations Code?", "What happens if I miss the mandatory application date?", "How do I know which set of rules applies to my entity before the code became effective?" ], "issue_tags": [ "business-entities", "code-definitions", "mandatory-application-date", "prior-law", "compliance-dates", "texas-business-law" ], "synonyms": [ "General Provisions of Chapter 401", "Chapter 401 definitions", "Section 401.001 definitions", "Business Organizations Code introductory section", "Mandatory application date rules", "Prior law definition" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "BO", "code_name": "Business Organizations Code", "chapter": "402", "title": "BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS CODE CHAPTER 402. MISCELLANEOUS AND TRANSITION PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/BO/402.md", "json_url": "/statutes/BO/402.json", "summary": "Chapter 402 tells which Texas business entities must follow the Business Organizations Code and how they can switch to it. It sets the dates when the code applies, outlines fee rules, and explains how existing domestic and foreign entities can adopt the new code. The chapter also covers how meetings, votes, indemnification, asset deals, winding‑up, and reinstatement of cancelled entities are handled during the transition.", "questions_answered": [ "When does the Business Organizations Code start applying to my Texas company?", "Can an existing corporation, LLC, partnership, or other entity choose to adopt the new code voluntarily?", "Do I have to pay filing fees under the new code even if my entity was formed before it took effect?", "How does a foreign company register to do business in Texas under the new code?", "What rules apply to meetings and votes that were scheduled before the code’s effective date?", "Are contracts and transactions made before the code’s start date governed by the old law or the new code?", "Can a dissolved or revoked entity be reinstated using the new code provisions?", "Will indemnification provisions for my entity change because of the new code?", "Do asset sales, mergers, or conversions need to follow different rules after the code becomes effective?", "What happens if my formation documents still reference the prior law?" ], "issue_tags": [ "business-entities", "code-adoption", "transition-rules", "filing-fees", "meetings-voting", "indemnification", "entity-reinstatement" ], "synonyms": [ "Miscellaneous and Transition Provisions", "Chapter 402", "BOC Chapter 402", "Texas Business Organizations Code transition rules", "Business Organizations Code miscellaneous provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "1", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/CP/1.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/1.json", "summary": "This chapter explains why the Civil Practice and Remedies Code exists and how it is organized. It aims to make the law easier to find and understand by arranging statutes logically, using clear numbering, and removing outdated or ineffective provisions. It also tells you how to interpret references to other parts of the code and notes that the Code Construction Act guides its interpretation.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the purpose of the Civil Practice and Remedies Code?", "Why was the Civil Practice and Remedies Code rewritten?", "How does this chapter make the law easier to understand?", "What does the code do with old or duplicate statutes?", "How are sections and subsections referenced within the code?", "Does this chapter change the actual legal rules, or just the layout?", "What role does the Code Construction Act play in interpreting this code?", "How are citations formatted under this code?", "What does it mean when a reference says ‘section’ without specifying the code?", "Are there any special rules for interpreting internal references in this code?" ], "issue_tags": [ "purpose-of-code", "statutory-organization", "code-construction", "internal-references", "legal-interpretation", "statutory-revision" ], "synonyms": [ "Civil Practice and Remedies Code General Provisions", "CPRC Chapter 1", "Texas Civil Practice Code preamble", "Code purpose and construction rules", "Statutory organization guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "5", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 5. RULE OF DECISION", "url": "/statutes/CP/5.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/5.json", "summary": "This chapter explains that Texas decides civil cases using the parts of English common law that do not conflict with the Texas Constitution or state statutes. It also makes clear that the American Law Institute's Restatements of the Law are not binding in Texas courts.", "questions_answered": [ "What law does Texas use to decide civil lawsuits?", "Does Texas follow English common law?", "When does English common law apply in Texas courts?", "Can a Texas court use a Restatement of the Law?", "What happens if a Restatement conflicts with Texas statutes?", "Is the Texas Constitution the highest authority for civil decisions?", "Are there any parts of English common law that Texas cannot use?", "How does Texas define its rule of decision?", "Do Texas courts have to follow the Restatements of the Law?", "What sources of law are considered controlling in Texas civil cases?" ], "issue_tags": [ "rule-of-decision", "common-law", "texas-civil-procedure", "constitutional-consistency", "restatements" ], "synonyms": [ "Rule of Decision", "Texas rule of decision", "State rule of decision", "Common law rule of decision", "Decision rule", "Texas common law rule" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "6", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 6. GOVERNMENTAL EXEMPTION FROM BOND AND SECURITY REQUIREMENTS", "url": "/statutes/CP/6.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/6.json", "summary": "This chapter lists which government bodies—like the state, its departments, counties, cities, water districts, school districts, and certain federal agencies—are not required to post bonds or give security for court costs, appeals, or writs. It also notes that county or district attorneys must still post a bond for extraordinary writs unless a local court or the attorney general grants an exemption.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to post a bond when the state sues someone or appeals a judgment?", "Are counties required to give security for court costs in lawsuits they bring?", "Can a city or town be required to pay a cost bond in a civil case?", "Do water improvement districts need to post an appeal bond when they are sued?", "Are school districts allowed to appeal without a supersedeas bond?", "Do federal agencies like the FHA or VA have to post bonds for court costs?", "What happens if a county attorney wants to file an extraordinary writ—must they post a bond?", "Can a county get an exemption from bond requirements for a lawsuit it brings?", "Do municipalities need to give security for costs when they are defendants in a suit?", "Are there any circumstances where a district attorney is exempt from posting a bond?" ], "issue_tags": [ "governmental-exemptions", "bond-requirements", "court-costs", "appeal-bonds", "public-entities", "security-waivers" ], "synonyms": [ "government bond exemption", "exemption from security for court costs", "public entity bond waiver", "state and local agency bond rules", "court cost security exemption" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "7", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 7. LIABILITY OF COURT OFFICERS", "url": "/statutes/CP/7.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/7.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out when and how court officers—like clerks and sheriffs—can be held financially responsible for neglecting their duties, mishandling money or property deposited with the court, and executing court writs. It also explains the limited liability of attorneys for court costs and how the state can sue on official bonds to recover for parties harmed by an officer’s default.", "questions_answered": [ "What can I do if a court clerk or sheriff refuses to perform a required duty?", "Can I sue a court officer for damages if they neglect their official responsibilities?", "What penalties can a court impose on an officer who neglects a duty?", "How must a court officer handle money or property that is deposited with the court during a lawsuit?", "What records does a court officer need to keep of deposited funds or assets?", "What happens to deposited court property when an officer’s term ends?", "Am I liable if a court officer makes a mistake while executing a writ?", "Do court officers need to post a bond when they execute a writ?", "Is an attorney who isn’t a party to a case responsible for the other side’s court costs?", "When can the state sue on an official bond to recover for parties harmed by an officer’s default?" ], "issue_tags": [ "court-officer-liability", "official-bond-suits", "writ-execution", "court-deposits", "contempt-sanctions", "attorney-costs" ], "synonyms": [ "court officer liability", "official bond suit", "court officer negligence", "civil practice officer liability", "official bond recovery" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "8", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 8. STATE EXEMPTION FROM CERTAIN FEES: FEES PAID BY OPPOSING PARTY", "url": "/statutes/CP/8.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/8.json", "summary": "This chapter says the state does not have to pay the standard filing fee for a lawsuit. If the state wins the case, the other side must cover the filing fee that would have been the state's responsibility. The rule applies to any filing fee that the state would normally owe.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to pay the filing fee if I am suing the state?", "Does the state have to pay filing fees when it files a lawsuit?", "If the state wins a case, who pays the filing fee?", "Can the state be exempt from filing fees under Texas law?", "What happens to filing fees when the state is a party to a civil suit?", "Is the opposing party required to pay the state's filing fee if the state prevails?", "Are there any circumstances where the state must pay filing fees?", "How does Texas law treat filing fees for lawsuits involving the state?", "Does the state get a fee waiver for civil actions?", "When the state is sued, who is responsible for the filing cost?" ], "issue_tags": [ "state-fee-exemption", "filing-fee-recovery", "civil-litigation-fees", "government-fees", "opposing-party-payment" ], "synonyms": [ "state fee exemption", "government filing fee rules", "fees paid by opposing party", "state filing fee waiver", "state fee recovery provision" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "9", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 9. FRIVOLOUS PLEADINGS AND CLAIMS", "url": "/statutes/CP/9.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/9.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules to stop lawsuits and motions that have no factual or legal basis. It requires anyone signing a pleading to certify that the claim is not groundless, and it outlines penalties—like striking the pleading, dismissing a party, or ordering payment of the other side’s costs—if that certification is false. The provisions apply to all parties, including government entities, and override other laws when there’s a conflict.", "questions_answered": [ "What does it mean for a pleading to be groundless?", "Can I be sanctioned for filing a lawsuit that has no factual basis?", "What penalties can a court impose for a frivolous pleading?", "Does a general denial in a complaint count as a frivolous claim?", "Are government agencies like counties or school districts covered by these rules?", "What must a lawyer certify when signing a pleading?", "How does a court decide whether a pleading is frivolous?", "Can the court order me to pay the other side’s attorney fees if my pleading is found frivolous?", "What happens if a lawyer repeatedly files frivolous pleadings?", "Do these rules apply to claims for personal injury, property damage, or defamation?", "Are there any statutes that are exempt from these requirements?", "What is the process for a court to impose sanctions under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "frivolous-pleadings", "civil-procedure", "sanctions", "attorney-discipline", "government-entities", "pleading-certification" ], "synonyms": [ "Frivolous claims rule", "Groundless pleading provisions", "Civil practice sanctions", "Rule against meritless lawsuits", "Pleading certification requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "10", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 10. SANCTIONS FOR FRIVOLOUS PLEADINGS AND MOTIONS", "url": "/statutes/CP/10.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/10.json", "summary": "This chapter requires anyone who signs a pleading or motion in Texas to certify that the filing is not frivolous, has a legal basis, and is supported by evidence. It lets parties or the court ask for sanctions when those certifications are false, and it sets out how sanctions are ordered, what they can include, and the notice required before they are imposed.", "questions_answered": [ "What must a lawyer certify when signing a pleading or motion?", "Can I be penalized for filing a frivolous motion or pleading?", "How does a court impose sanctions for a false certification on a pleading?", "What steps does the court take before sanctioning someone for a frivolous filing?", "Can I recover my attorney's fees if the other side files a baseless pleading?", "What types of penalties can a court order for a frivolous filing?", "Are there limits on monetary sanctions against a party that has a lawyer?", "What is a show‑cause order in the context of sanctions?", "Does filing a general denial count as a violation of this chapter?", "Can I request sanctions against an opponent’s attorney for a frivolous motion?" ], "issue_tags": [ "frivolous-pleadings", "civil-sanctions", "attorney-fees", "court-orders", "ethical-certification" ], "synonyms": [ "Sanctions for Frivolous Pleadings", "Texas Civil Sanctions", "Rule 11‑style sanctions", "Sanctions for Improper Motions", "Civil Practice Sanctions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "11", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 11. VEXATIOUS LITIGANTS", "url": "/statutes/CP/11.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/11.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out Texas rules for dealing with people who repeatedly file lawsuits without a lawyer and without merit. It lets a defendant ask the court to label the plaintiff as a vexatious litigant, require the plaintiff to post security, and possibly block the plaintiff from filing new cases unless permission is granted. The chapter also explains how cases are stayed, dismissed, and how a public list of vexatious litigants is maintained.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I ask the court to declare a plaintiff a vexatious litigant?", "What does it mean to be a vexatious litigant in Texas?", "Can a court require a plaintiff to post security before a case can continue?", "What happens to a case if the plaintiff does not provide the required security?", "Can a vexatious litigant be stopped from filing new lawsuits?", "How does a plaintiff get permission to file a new case after being labeled vexatious?", "What criteria does the court use to decide if someone is a vexatious litigant?", "Is there a public list of people who have been declared vexatious litigants?", "Can an attorney be treated as a vexatious litigant if they file pro se?", "What are the consequences if a clerk mistakenly files a case for a vexatious litigant?", "How long do I have to respond after a court orders a stay because of a vexatious litigant motion?", "Can a vexatious litigant appeal a prefiling order that blocks them from filing new cases?" ], "issue_tags": [ "vexatious-litigation", "pro-se-pleadings", "court-security", "prefiling-order", "case-dismissal", "litigation-management" ], "synonyms": [ "vexatious litigant rules", "pro se litigant restrictions", "court prefiling orders", "security for frivolous lawsuits", "vexatious plaintiff procedures" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "12", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 12. LIABILITY RELATED TO A FRAUDULENT COURT RECORD OR A FRAUDULENT LIEN OR CLAIM FILED AGAINST REAL OR PERSONAL PROPERTY", "url": "/statutes/CP/12.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/12.json", "summary": "This chapter makes it illegal to create, present, or use false court records or fraudulent liens and claims on real or personal property, especially when the person intends to cause injury. It sets civil liability, including at least $10,000 in damages, court costs, attorney fees, and possible exemplary damages, and allows certain officials and harmed parties to sue. The law also limits inmates from filing such documents unless they disclose their status, and it specifies where and how a lawsuit can be filed.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I be sued for filing a fake lien on someone's property?", "What penalties apply if I knowingly use a fraudulent court record?", "Are inmates allowed to file financing statements or lien documents?", "Who is allowed to bring a lawsuit against someone who creates a fraudulent judgment lien?", "What damages can a victim recover for a fraudulent lien or claim?", "Is a fraudulent judgment lien automatically void in Texas?", "Do I have to pay filing fees to sue over a fraudulent lien or record?", "Can a title insurance company be held liable for a fraudulent lien?", "Which court has jurisdiction for a case involving a fraudulent lien?", "Do I need to prove actual damages to receive the $10,000 minimum award?", "Can I recover attorney’s fees if I win a case about a fraudulent court record?", "What counts as a fraudulent court record under this law?" ], "issue_tags": [ "fraudulent-lien", "fake-court-record", "civil-liability", "inmate-filing", "damages", "legal-action", "venue" ], "synonyms": [ "Fraudulent lien statute", "Fake court record law", "Texas fraudulent lien and record liability", "Section 12 Civil Practice & Remedies Code", "Fraudulent judgment lien provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "13", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 13. AFFIDAVIT OF INABILITY TO PAY COSTS", "url": "/statutes/CP/13.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/13.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a court dismiss a lawsuit if the plaintiff’s claim of poverty is false or the case is frivolous or malicious. It also says that any cost award is the party’s responsibility, not the state’s. If a person can’t afford the cost of an appeal, the court must provide a free transcript when the appeal has a legitimate issue. The rules don’t apply to claims covered by Chapter 14.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a court dismiss my case if I claim I’m too poor to pay costs but that claim is false?", "What does it mean for a lawsuit to be considered frivolous or malicious?", "Will the state ever pay my court costs if I win the case?", "Do I need to file an affidavit of inability to pay to get a free transcript for my appeal?", "Can I get a free transcript of the trial record if I can’t afford it and my appeal has merit?", "Can a case be dismissed before I even receive the lawsuit papers?", "What factors does a judge look at to decide if an appeal is frivolous?", "Does this chapter apply to all types of civil claims?", "What happens to my appeal if the court finds it frivolous?", "Can the court order only part of the transcript to be prepared for my appeal?" ], "issue_tags": [ "affidavit-of-inability", "frivolous-claims", "cost-awards", "free-transcript", "appeal-procedure", "poverty-claim", "dismissal-criteria" ], "synonyms": [ "affidavit of inability to pay costs", "poverty affidavit", "cost waiver affidavit", "request for free transcript", "court cost waiver", "frivolous claim dismissal" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "14", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 14. INMATE LITIGATION", "url": "/statutes/CP/14.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/14.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas inmates how they can bring civil lawsuits, what they must prove about not being able to pay court costs, and how those costs are taken from their trust accounts. It also requires inmates to list any prior lawsuits, sets deadlines for filing after grievance decisions, and lets courts dismiss claims that are false, frivolous, or malicious. Courts can hold hearings in the facility or by video, and may order additional costs if a claim is dismissed as frivolous.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an inmate file a civil lawsuit if they cannot afford the court fees?", "What must an inmate include in an affidavit about their ability to pay costs?", "Do inmates have to disclose all previous lawsuits when filing a new claim?", "How are court fees and costs taken from an inmate’s trust account?", "What is the deadline to file a claim after receiving a grievance decision?", "Can a court dismiss an inmate’s claim for being frivolous or for lying about poverty?", "What hearing options are available for an inmate, and can they be done by video?", "Will the department order a mental health evaluation if an inmate’s claim is dismissed?", "What extra costs might an inmate have to pay if their claim is dismissed as frivolous?", "Can an inmate file a new claim before paying previously assessed fees and costs?" ], "issue_tags": [ "inmate-litigation", "court-fees", "trust-account", "frivolous-claims", "grievance-process", "hearing-procedures" ], "synonyms": [ "inmate civil suit rules", "prison inmate litigation procedures", "inmate lawsuit filing requirements", "inmate court cost rules", "inmate civil claim guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "14A", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 14A. LITIGATION BY CIVILLY COMMITTED INDIVIDUAL", "url": "/statutes/CP/14A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/14A.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the special rules that apply when a person who has been civilly committed as a sexually violent predator files a civil lawsuit in Texas. It tells them how to declare they cannot pay court costs, what prior case information they must disclose, how fees are calculated from their trust account, and when a court can dismiss a claim as frivolous or malicious. It also covers how hearings can be held remotely, how grievance processes must be exhausted, and how evidence is submitted.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a civilly committed individual file a lawsuit if they say they cannot afford court fees?", "What must be included in the affidavit or unsworn declaration when a civilly committed person files a claim?", "Do I have to list all my previous lawsuits and their outcomes when I file a new claim?", "How does the court calculate the court fees and costs I have to pay from my trust account?", "What happens if my claim is found to be frivolous or malicious?", "Can the court dismiss my claim before I even serve the other party?", "Do I need to finish any grievance or administrative process before filing my lawsuit?", "Can my hearing be held remotely or at the commitment facility?", "What documents do I need to provide to prove the balance of my trust account?", "What are the consequences if I don’t pay the assessed court fees and costs?", "Can I be barred from filing another claim until I pay previous fees?", "Is there a special procedure for filing an emergency injunction against a threat to my safety?" ], "issue_tags": [ "civil-commitment-litigation", "court-fees", "affidavit-requirements", "claim-dismissal", "remote-proceedings", "grievance-exhaustion", "trust-account" ], "synonyms": [ "Litigation by civilly committed individuals", "Civilly committed person lawsuit rules", "Sexually violent predator civil case procedures", "Texas civil commitment litigation statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "15", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 15. VENUE", "url": "/statutes/CP/15.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/15.json", "summary": "Chapter 15 tells you where a civil lawsuit must be filed in Texas. It sets the default (general) rules, special mandatory venues for certain case types, optional (permissive) venues, and how a court can move a case to a different county. It also covers venue rules for multiple parties, appeals on venue decisions, and specific rules for justice courts.", "questions_answered": [ "Where should I file a lawsuit if the injury happened in a certain county?", "Can I move my case to another county for convenience or fairness?", "What venue rules apply when I’m suing a corporation or partnership?", "In which county must I sue a landlord or tenant over a lease dispute?", "How is venue determined when there are multiple plaintiffs in the same case?", "Where do I file a personal‑injury claim against a federal employer under the Federal Employers’ Liability Act?", "What county is proper for a lawsuit against an executor or administrator of an estate?", "Which county is appropriate for a contract dispute involving a written agreement to perform in a specific place?", "Can a court transfer a case if the current county is not a proper venue?", "What are the venue rules for filing a case in a justice court?", "Where do I sue a county or a political subdivision like a city or school district?", "What venue applies for a lawsuit against an insurance company?" ], "issue_tags": [ "venue", "civil-lawsuit", "jurisdiction", "transfer", "mandatory-venue", "permissive-venue", "justice-court" ], "synonyms": [ "venue rules", "forum selection", "proper venue", "Texas venue statutes", "civil venue provisions", "venue and transfer rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "16", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 16. LIMITATIONS", "url": "/statutes/CP/16.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/16.json", "summary": "Chapter 16 sets the time limits for filing civil lawsuits in Texas. It tells you how long you have to sue for different kinds of claims, when the clock starts, and how disabilities, death, or other events can pause or extend the deadline. The chapter also includes special rules for real‑property disputes, construction defects, liens, and other specific actions.", "questions_answered": [ "How many years do I have to file a personal injury lawsuit in Texas?", "When does the statute of limitations begin if I was a minor or mentally incapacitated at the time the claim arose?", "What is the deadline for suing for libel, slander, or malicious prosecution?", "How long do I have to bring a claim for breach of contract involving real property?", "Can I extend the filing deadline for a real‑property lien, and how does that work?", "What is the time limit for filing a lawsuit over a construction defect or design error?", "Does the death of a defendant pause the limitations period, and for how long?", "What are the special limitations periods for claims involving sexual assault or trafficking offenses?", "How does the law treat a claim for misappropriation of trade secrets?", "When does the clock start for a claim against a surveyor’s error?", "What is the deadline for filing a claim against a carrier for overcharges?", "How are limitations periods affected if I file a claim in arbitration instead of court?" ], "issue_tags": [ "statute-of-limitations", "personal-injury", "real-property", "disability", "construction-defects", "liens", "adverse-possession" ], "synonyms": [ "Statute of Limitations", "Limitations Periods", "Time Bars for Lawsuits", "Civil Action Deadlines", "Prescriptive Periods", "Limitation Rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "17", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 17. PARTIES; CITATION; LONG-ARM JURISDICTION", "url": "/statutes/CP/17.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/17.json", "summary": "Chapter 17 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code tells who can be sued and how to serve legal papers. It covers suing parties like guarantors, estates, unknown owners, and nonresident businesses, and explains the methods for delivering citations to various entities such as partnerships, corporations, political subdivisions, financial institutions, and even inmates. The chapter also sets out long‑arm jurisdiction rules for reaching out‑of‑state defendants.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue a guarantor or surety without also suing the main debtor?", "Who must be named as a defendant when I sue the estate of a deceased person over real‑property title?", "How can I serve process on a nonresident property owner who lives outside Texas?", "What is the proper way to serve a corporation or joint‑stock association with legal papers?", "How do I serve a political subdivision like a county, city, or school district?", "What methods are allowed for serving a financial institution or credit union?", "Can I serve an inmate in a Texas prison with civil process, and how?", "What are the rules for serving a nonresident business that has no registered agent in Texas?", "How does substituted service by social media or internet publication work in Texas?", "When can I sue unknown heirs or unknown stockholders of a defunct corporation?" ], "issue_tags": [ "parties-to-suit", "service-of-process", "long-arm-jurisdiction", "nonresident-service", "unknown-owner", "estate-suit", "citation" ], "synonyms": [ "Civil Practice and Remedies Code Chapter 17", "Texas long‑arm jurisdiction rules", "service of process statutes", "parties to suit provisions", "citation and service rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "18", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 18. EVIDENCE", "url": "/statutes/CP/18.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/18.json", "summary": "Chapter 18 sets out how certain types of evidence can be used in Texas civil cases. It tells you when and how to file affidavits about service costs, what forms they must follow, and the deadlines for serving and supplementing them. The chapter also creates default assumptions for things like foreign interest rates, traffic signs, and state land records, and it limits the admissibility of sympathy statements, identity‑theft records, and how loss damages must be calculated.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I prove that a service charge was reasonable and necessary in a civil lawsuit?", "When must I serve an affidavit about the cost of services to the other side?", "What information has to be in an affidavit for medical expenses?", "Can I use a traffic sign or light as evidence that it was lawfully installed?", "What interest rate is assumed if I don’t prove a foreign rate?", "Are statements of sympathy admissible to show liability in a civil case?", "Can a business record obtained from police be used as evidence in a civil action?", "How should I calculate loss of earnings or inheritance for damages?", "What are the deadlines for supplementing affidavits or counter‑affidavits before trial?", "Can parties agree to change the affidavit filing deadlines?", "What presumption applies to state land survey maps in disputes with the State of Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "affidavit-requirements", "evidence-presumptions", "admissibility-rules", "loss-damage-calculation", "traffic-device-presumption", "foreign-interest-rate", "identity-theft-records" ], "synonyms": [ "Affidavit of cost and necessity", "Presumption of foreign interest rate", "Traffic control device presumption", "Sympathy communication rule", "Identity theft business record rule", "Loss of earnings proof rule" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "19", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 19. LOST RECORDS", "url": "/statutes/CP/19.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/19.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how a person can replace a recorded deed, mortgage, judgment, or similar document that has been lost, destroyed, or removed. By filing a written application with the appropriate clerk, the court can issue an order that stands in place of the original record and has the same legal effect once recorded.", "questions_answered": [ "What should I do if my recorded deed has been lost or destroyed?", "How can I replace a missing mortgage or deed of trust in the county records?", "Can a court order be used to recreate a lost judgment or order?", "What is the process for filing an application to supply a lost record?", "Who must be notified when I request a substitute for a lost recorded document?", "Will a court‑issued order for a lost record have the same effect as the original?", "Can I record a certified copy of a lost document instead of the original?", "Is there a time limit for re‑recording the original document after it is lost?", "Do I need a lawyer to prove the contents of a lost record by parol proof?", "What types of records are covered by the lost records chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "lost-records", "record-replacement", "court-order", "property-records", "judgments", "parol-proof" ], "synonyms": [ "Lost Records Procedure", "Record Replacement Process", "Missing Deed Remedy", "Lost Document Relief", "Parol Proof of Records" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "20", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 20. DEPOSITIONS", "url": "/statutes/CP/20.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/20.json", "summary": "This chapter lists which officials are allowed to conduct a deposition that uses written questions, depending on where the witness lives. It covers Texas residents, witnesses in other U.S. states, witnesses abroad, and military personnel or civilians attached to the armed forces overseas. The rules specify which court clerks, notaries, consular officers, and military officers may take these depositions.", "questions_answered": [ "Who can take a written‑question deposition of a witness who lives in Texas?", "Can a notary public conduct a written‑question deposition in Texas?", "Which officials may take a written‑question deposition of a witness in another U.S. state?", "Can a clerk of a court of record take a written‑question deposition out of state?", "Who is authorized to take a written‑question deposition of a witness who lives outside the United States?", "Are consular officers allowed to conduct a written‑question deposition abroad?", "Can a military officer take a written‑question deposition of a service member overseas?", "What officials may take a written‑question deposition of a civilian attached to the armed forces abroad?", "Is a commissioner of deeds permitted to take a written‑question deposition in another state?", "Can a minister or diplomatic official conduct a written‑question deposition in a foreign country?", "Do court clerks have authority to take written‑question depositions of out‑of‑state witnesses?", "What types of officials are listed for taking written‑question depositions of foreign witnesses?" ], "issue_tags": [ "deposition-authority", "written-questions", "witness-location", "notary-public", "military-deposition", "foreign-witness" ], "synonyms": [ "written-question depositions", "depositions on written questions", "written interrogatory depositions", "authorized deponents", "deposition taking rules", "deposition officials" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "21", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 21. INTERPRETERS", "url": "/statutes/CP/21.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/21.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rules for court‑appointed interpreters in Texas. It guarantees deaf parties, witnesses, and jurors a qualified interpreter, outlines the qualifications, oath, placement, fees and recording requirements for those interpreters, and also establishes provisions for Spanish language interpreters in certain border counties and for official interpreters in county courts at law.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have a right to a sign language interpreter in a civil case or deposition?", "How is a court interpreter for a deaf witness selected and what qualifications must they have?", "Can a deaf juror have an interpreter present during jury deliberations?", "Who pays for the interpreter’s fees and travel expenses in a county case?", "Can the court order a video recording of a deaf witness’s testimony and the interpreter’s translation?", "Is the communication between a deaf person and their interpreter protected by privilege?", "Which Texas counties are required to provide Spanish language interpreters for court proceedings?", "How does a district judge request the appointment of a Spanish interpreter in a border county?", "What oath must a court interpreter take before serving in a county court at law?", "Can a court start a trial before the appointed interpreter is in view of the deaf participant?", "What are the duties of an official interpreter appointed by a county court at law?", "Are interpreter fees set by the court or by a state commission?" ], "issue_tags": [ "deaf-interpreter", "spanish-interpreter", "court-interpreter-qualifications", "interpreter-fees", "jury-interpreter", "privilege", "border-county" ], "synonyms": [ "court interpreter rules", "interpreter provisions", "deaf interpreter statutes", "Spanish language interpreter requirements", "county court interpreter guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "22", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 22. WITNESSES", "url": "/statutes/CP/22.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/22.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you how much a witness gets paid for showing up in court and who has to pay it. It sets limits on how far a court can subpoena someone, adds special reimbursement rules for witnesses called by state agencies, and outlines a small fee for producing official records. It also protects witnesses from being arrested while traveling to court and gives journalists a privilege so they usually don’t have to testify or reveal sources, except in narrow circumstances.", "questions_answered": [ "How much money does a witness receive for each day they attend court?", "Who is responsible for paying a witness’s fee when they are subpoenaed?", "Can a court subpoena a witness who lives more than 150 miles away?", "What extra reimbursements does a state agency have to provide to a witness it summons?", "Do I have to pay a record custodian for producing or certifying documents for a subpoena?", "Is a witness protected from arrest while traveling to and from court?", "Does a journalist have to testify or turn over source information if served with a subpoena?", "When can a court force a journalist to reveal a confidential source?", "What notice and hearing are required before a journalist can be compelled to testify?", "Does publishing a story waive a journalist’s privilege against disclosure?", "Can a court automatically accept a broadcast recording as authentic without extra proof?" ], "issue_tags": [ "witness-fees", "subpoena-distance", "state-agency-witness", "document-production-fee", "witness-arrest-privilege", "journalist-privilege", "limited-disclosure", "court-notice" ], "synonyms": [ "Witness compensation rules", "Witness subpoena limits", "State agency witness reimbursement", "Record custodian production fee", "Witness arrest immunity", "Journalist qualified privilege", "Media source protection", "Press privilege in civil cases" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "23", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 23. JUROR CONTINUANCE", "url": "/statutes/CP/23.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/23.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a juror in a civil case ask the court to pause the trial if a religious holy day they observe falls on a scheduled court day. The juror must submit an affidavit before the jury is finally selected, stating their belief and the need for a recess. The court must then delay the case until the next day the court is in session after the holy day ends.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I be excused from jury duty because my religion forbids me from working on a certain day?", "What steps do I need to take to get a juror recess for a religious holiday?", "Do I have to prove my religious belief to the court to get a continuance?", "Will the trial be postponed if a juror has a holy day that conflicts with the court schedule?", "When must I file an affidavit to request a juror continuance for a religious day?", "What information must be included in the affidavit for a juror recess?", "Does the court need any additional evidence beyond my affidavit to grant a recess?", "Can the court grant a continuance for a religious holy day without my request?", "How long will the case be delayed if a juror’s religious holiday occurs?", "Are there any limits on how many times a juror can request a recess for religious reasons?" ], "issue_tags": [ "juror-continuance", "religious-accommodation", "civil-trial-recess", "affidavit-requirements", "court-scheduling" ], "synonyms": [ "juror continuance", "religious juror exemption", "juror recess for holy day", "faith-based juror accommodation", "religious holiday juror pause" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "24", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 24. RECORDING OF JURY DELIBERATIONS", "url": "/statutes/CP/24.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/24.json", "summary": "This chapter makes it illegal to use any device to capture audio, video, or photographs of jurors while they are deliberating. It protects the privacy of jury discussions by prohibiting recordings or broadcasts during that time.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I record a jury while they are deliberating?", "Is it allowed to take photos of jurors during their discussion of a case?", "May a journalist use a video camera inside the courtroom to capture jury deliberations?", "What are the rules about audio recordings of jurors while they decide a verdict?", "Can a court reporter secretly record the jury's conversation?", "Is it illegal to livestream jury deliberations on the internet?", "Do the rules forbid using a smartphone to capture jurors during deliberations?", "What penalties apply if someone records a jury in the middle of their deliberation?", "Are there any exceptions that let me record jury deliberations for research purposes?", "Can a party request a transcript of what jurors said while they were deliberating?" ], "issue_tags": [ "jury-deliberations", "recording-prohibition", "courtroom-privacy", "trial-procedure" ], "synonyms": [ "recording of jury deliberations", "jury deliberation recording ban", "prohibition on recording jurors", "no audio/video of jury deliberations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "26", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 26. CLASS ACTIONS", "url": "/statutes/CP/26.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/26.json", "summary": "This chapter requires the Texas Supreme Court to create rules that make class actions fair and efficient, and sets mandatory guidelines for those rules. It tells courts how to calculate attorney fees using the Lodestar method and limits adjustments. It also requires courts to address any claims that a state agency has exclusive or primary jurisdiction before certifying a class, and outlines appeal rights related to those jurisdiction claims.", "questions_answered": [ "What rules does Texas have for handling class action lawsuits?", "How are attorney fees calculated in a Texas class action?", "Can a court adjust the attorney fee award beyond the Lodestar calculation?", "What happens to attorney fees if the class recovery includes coupons or other non‑cash benefits?", "Do I need to exhaust state agency administrative remedies before filing a class action?", "How does a state agency’s exclusive or primary jurisdiction affect class action certification?", "What must a trial court do before deciding to certify a class action?", "Can I appeal a trial court’s decision denying a jurisdiction claim in a class action?", "When did the Texas Supreme Court have to adopt its class action rules?", "What are the limits on a court’s discretion to increase or decrease attorney fees in a class action?" ], "issue_tags": [ "class-action", "attorney-fees", "lodestar-method", "state-agency-jurisdiction", "class-certification", "procedural-rules" ], "synonyms": [ "class action procedures", "class action rules", "class action litigation guidelines", "class action attorney fee calculation", "state agency jurisdiction in class actions", "class certification requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "27", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 27. ACTIONS INVOLVING THE EXERCISE OF CERTAIN CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS", "url": "/statutes/CP/27.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/27.json", "summary": "This chapter lets people protect their First Amendment activities—like speaking, associating, and petitioning—by allowing them to ask the court to dismiss lawsuits that target those actions. It sets out timelines for filing and hearing the dismissal motion, limits discovery while the motion is pending, and provides for attorney’s fees and sanctions when a case is dismissed. The chapter also lists many types of cases that are excluded from its protection.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I have a lawsuit dismissed if it’s based on my free speech or petitioning the government?", "How do I file a motion to dismiss a case that targets my right to associate with others?", "What is the deadline to file a motion to dismiss under this chapter?", "When will the court schedule a hearing on my motion to dismiss?", "What happens to discovery while the motion to dismiss is being considered?", "Can I appeal if the court doesn’t rule on my motion within the required time?", "What types of lawsuits are exempt from this chapter’s protections?", "Am I entitled to recover attorney’s fees if the case is dismissed under this statute?", "What evidence does the court look at to decide whether to dismiss the case?", "Does the court’s ruling on the dismissal motion affect later evidence in the case?" ], "issue_tags": [ "constitutional-rights", "motion-to-dismiss", "free-speech", "petition", "association", "civil-litigation", "sanctions", "exemptions" ], "synonyms": [ "Section 27 of the Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "Texas constitutional rights dismissal statute", "Chapter 27 actions involving constitutional rights", "Rights to speak, associate, and petition protections", "Legal actions involving free speech, petition, association" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "28", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 28. ACTIONS REGARDING ACTIVITIES OF UNITED STATES DEFENSE CONTRACTORS", "url": "/statutes/CP/28.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/28.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for any civil lawsuit that involves a U.S. defense contractor. It requires anyone filing a claim to disclose whether they or their lawyer have received money from individuals, companies, or governments that are under U.S. sanctions, and to keep updating that information throughout the case. The disclosures must be made under oath, cannot be hidden or limited, and the court can pause or dismiss the case if the rules are ignored.", "questions_answered": [ "What information must I disclose in a lawsuit that involves a defense contractor?", "Do I have to reveal if I or my attorney received money from a sanctioned country?", "When do I need to file the funding disclosures in a civil action?", "Can I claim privilege to keep funding information confidential?", "What happens if I fail to disclose funding from a sanctioned nation?", "Does this chapter apply if the defense contractor is not a party to the case?", "What is the legal definition of a 'defense contractor' under this chapter?", "Can the court limit the disclosure of proprietary financial information?", "What sanctions can the court impose for non‑compliance with the disclosure rules?", "Do I need to update my disclosures if I receive new funding after the initial filing?", "Are there any exceptions to the disclosure requirements for funding sources?", "How does the chapter define a 'sanctioned or embargoed nation'?" ], "issue_tags": [ "civil-litigation", "defense-contractors", "funding-disclosure", "sanctions-compliance", "court-sanctions" ], "synonyms": [ "Defense Contractor Civil Action Rules", "Funding Disclosure Requirements for Defense Contractors", "Sanctioned Nation Funding Disclosure", "Texas Civil Practice for Defense Contractors", "Disclosure Obligations in Defense Contractor Lawsuits" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "30", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 30. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/CP/30.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/30.json", "summary": "Chapter 30 of the Civil Practice and Remedies Code lists a variety of procedural rules for civil cases in Texas. It covers things like waiving service, continuances for legislators or religious holidays, limits on discovery from law‑enforcement agencies, electronic subpoenas, confidentiality for minors in sexual‑abuse suits, required identification in pleadings, judge recusal procedures, and special rules for awarding or shifting attorney fees in certain policy‑related lawsuits.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I waive service of process before a lawsuit is filed?", "What happens to a case if the judge’s term ends or the judge dies before the case is finished?", "Can a lawyer who is also a legislator ask the court to delay a case because of legislative duties?", "Am I allowed to serve a citation on a state legislator during a legislative session?", "Do I need to send a notice to the Attorney General when the state is a party in a civil suit?", "Can a court postpone a hearing if a party or their attorney observes a religious holy day?", "Can I obtain police or other law‑enforcement agency records in a civil lawsuit?", "How do I request a subpoena electronically?", "Can a minor victim of sexual abuse use a pseudonym and keep their identity confidential in a civil case?", "What personal identification information must I include in my initial pleading?", "What are the rules for recusing a judge after multiple recusal motions?", "When can I recover attorney’s fees in a case that challenges abortion or sex‑based laws?" ], "issue_tags": [ "service-waiver", "legislative-continuance", "discovery-limits", "electronic-subpoena", "confidential-minor", "judge-recusal", "attorney-fee-award", "fee-shifting-policy" ], "synonyms": [ "Miscellaneous Civil Procedure Rules", "Civil Practice Miscellaneous Provisions", "Texas Civil Procedure Miscellaneous", "Civil Practice and Remedies Miscellaneous" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "31", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 31. JUDGMENTS", "url": "/statutes/CP/31.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/31.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how a court judgment can transfer ownership of real or personal property and outlines the ways a creditor can collect on a judgment. It details the court's authority to order turnover of nonexempt assets, appoint receivers, and enforce orders, while protecting wages and exempt property. The chapter also covers special rules for partnership judgments, the effect of lower‑court judgments, revival of dormant judgments, cost allocation, paying a judgment when the creditor is unknown, and how financial institutions must respond to turnover orders.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a judgment transfer ownership of real estate or personal property?", "What can a court order a debtor to turn over to satisfy a judgment?", "Can a court appoint a receiver to sell a debtor’s nonexempt property?", "Are a debtor’s wages protected from being taken to satisfy a judgment?", "What happens if a judgment is entered against a partnership but not all partners were served?", "Does a small‑claims or justice‑of‑the‑peace judgment bind the parties in a later county court case?", "How can a dormant judgment be revived after it becomes inactive?", "Who is responsible for paying court costs and attorney’s fees in a judgment?", "What steps should a judgment debtor take if the judgment creditor cannot be located?", "How must banks and other financial institutions handle a court order to turn over a debtor’s assets?", "Can a judgment creditor recover reasonable costs and attorney’s fees when collecting a judgment?", "What are the rules for paying a judgment into the court when the creditor’s address is unknown?" ], "issue_tags": [ "judgment-enforcement", "asset-turnover", "wage-protection", "partnership-judgment", "dormant-judgment", "court-costs", "financial-institution-compliance" ], "synonyms": [ "judgment collection procedures", "court order for property turnover", "judgment creditor rights", "judgment debtor obligations", "judgment revival rules", "turnover of assets", "judgment payment to court" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "32", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 32. CONTRIBUTION", "url": "/statutes/CP/32.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/32.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out how a defendant who pays a judgment in a tort case can seek reimbursement from other co-defendants. It tells the court how to split the payment among all liable parties, and what to do if some co-defendants are insolvent. The rules apply only to tort actions and only when no other law already provides a contribution right.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I recover money from other defendants if I paid a judgment in a tort case?", "How is the amount I can claim from co-defendants calculated?", "What happens if one of the co-defendants cannot pay because they are insolvent?", "Do these contribution rules apply to non‑tort lawsuits?", "Is there a separate law that might override these contribution rules?", "Can a defendant who paid the full judgment still get reimbursed if some co-defendants are bankrupt?", "How many co-defendants share the responsibility for the judgment?", "Do I need a separate lawsuit to get contribution from other defendants?", "What if only some of the co-defendants have enough assets to pay their share?", "Are there any limits on how much I can recover from each co-defendant?" ], "issue_tags": [ "tort-contribution", "joint-liability", "co-defendant-reimbursement", "insolvent-defendant", "judgment-recovery" ], "synonyms": [ "right of contribution", "contribution among co-defendants", "defendant contribution rules", "tort contribution statute", "contribution provision" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "33", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 33. PROPORTIONATE RESPONSIBILITY", "url": "/statutes/CP/33.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/33.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas courts how to split responsibility and damages when more than one party is at fault. It bars a plaintiff from recovering any money if they are found more than 50% responsible, and it requires the jury to assign a percentage of fault to each party. The rules also let defendants share the burden, seek contribution from each other, and add responsible third parties to the case.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I still get any damages if I am more than 50% at fault?", "How does a Texas court decide each party's percentage of responsibility in a lawsuit?", "What is a \"responsible third party\" and how can a defendant add one to the case?", "Do settlements with some defendants reduce the amount I can recover from the others?", "When are defendants jointly and severally liable for the whole judgment?", "How does contribution work if one defendant pays more than their share of the fault?", "Does this proportionate responsibility rule apply to workers' compensation claims?", "Can I bring a claim for comparative fault in a deceptive trade practices case?", "What happens if a plaintiff settles with a defendant but the case goes to trial?", "Can a defendant be held liable for a percentage of fault even if they didn’t cause the injury directly?" ], "issue_tags": [ "proportionate-responsibility", "comparative-fault", "contribution", "third-party-designation", "damages-reduction", "joint-and-several-liability" ], "synonyms": [ "comparative fault rules", "Texas proportionate responsibility", "fault allocation statutes", "contributory negligence guidelines", "joint and several liability provisions", "allocation of damages" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "34", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 34. EXECUTION ON JUDGMENTS", "url": "/statutes/CP/34.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/34.json", "summary": "Chapter 34 sets out the rules for enforcing court judgments in Texas. It explains how writs of execution are issued, how property can be seized, sold, or returned, and outlines the duties and liabilities of the officers who carry out these actions, including special rules when parties die or when property has been transferred to others.", "questions_answered": [ "How long do I have to issue a writ of execution after a judgment is entered?", "What must I do if the plaintiff or defendant dies before or after a writ of execution is issued?", "Can a sheriff seize property that the debtor has already sold or mortgaged to someone else?", "What are the procedures for selling real estate taken in execution, including online auctions and timing of the sale?", "Can I recover my property or its value if a judgment is later reversed or set aside?", "What liability does an executing officer have if seized personal property is lost, damaged, or improperly handled?", "Do I need to be a registered bidder or show proof of tax compliance to purchase property at a judgment sale?", "What happens if the officer conducting the sale tries to buy the property themselves?", "How are proceeds from the sale of seized property distributed and what expenses can be deducted?", "What steps can I take if an officer fails to levy on or sell property that should be subject to execution?" ], "issue_tags": [ "execution-writs", "judgment-enforcement", "property-levy", "sale-of-foreclosed-property", "officer-liability", "dead-party-procedures" ], "synonyms": [ "Execution on Judgments", "Judgment Enforcement", "Writ of Execution Procedures", "Enforcement of Court Judgments", "Execution Process" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "35", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 35. ENFORCEMENT OF JUDGMENTS OF OTHER STATES", "url": "/statutes/CP/35.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/35.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how a Texas court can accept and enforce a judgment that was issued by another state or federal court. It sets out the steps for filing the judgment, notifying the debtor, handling stays, and paying required fees. The same rules that apply to Texas judgments also apply to these foreign judgments, and a creditor can choose to sue instead of using this process.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I file a judgment from another state in a Texas court?", "What information must I include in the affidavit when filing a foreign judgment?", "How must I notify the judgment debtor that I have filed the foreign judgment?", "Can the enforcement of a foreign judgment be paused while an appeal is pending?", "What fees do I have to pay to file and enforce a foreign judgment in Texas?", "Will a foreign judgment be treated the same as a Texas judgment for purposes of enforcement or reopening?", "What security is required if I request a stay of execution on a foreign judgment?", "Can I bring a separate lawsuit to enforce a foreign judgment instead of using this chapter?", "How do I prove the debtor’s last known address when filing a foreign judgment?", "What happens if I want to vacate or stay a foreign judgment after it’s been filed?" ], "issue_tags": [ "foreign-judgment-enforcement", "filing-procedures", "notice-requirements", "stay-of-execution", "filing-fees", "optional-procedure" ], "synonyms": [ "Uniform Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act", "out-of-state judgment enforcement", "cross-jurisdiction judgment filing", "foreign judgment filing and enforcement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "36A", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 36A. ENFORCEMENT OF JUDGMENTS OF OTHER COUNTRIES", "url": "/statutes/CP/36A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/36A.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas courts how to recognize and enforce money judgments from courts in other countries. It sets out which foreign judgments qualify, the standards for due‑process and jurisdiction, the steps to ask a Texas court to recognize a judgment, and the limits on time and appeal. It also lists reasons a Texas court can refuse recognition, such as fraud or conflict with public policy.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I enforce a foreign court judgment for money in Texas?", "What types of foreign judgments are not covered by this law?", "Does Texas recognize foreign judgments for taxes, fines, or divorce?", "What must a foreign court have done for Texas to recognize its judgment?", "How do I prove the foreign court had personal jurisdiction over the defendant?", "What defenses can a defendant raise to block recognition of a foreign judgment?", "How long do I have to file a suit in Texas to recognize a foreign judgment?", "Can a Texas court stay its proceedings while an appeal of the foreign judgment is pending?", "What happens if the foreign judgment was obtained by fraud or violates Texas public policy?", "Who has the burden of proof when seeking recognition of a foreign judgment?" ], "issue_tags": [ "foreign-judgment-recognition", "money-judgments", "jurisdiction", "enforcement", "due-process", "statute-of-limitations", "comity" ], "synonyms": [ "Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments Recognition Act", "foreign judgment enforcement", "foreign money judgment recognition", "cross‑border judgment enforcement", "international judgment recognition" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "37", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 37. DECLARATORY JUDGMENTS", "url": "/statutes/CP/37.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/37.json", "summary": "This chapter lets courts issue declaratory judgments that clarify a person’s rights, status, or legal relationships without requiring any other relief. It applies to questions about contracts, wills, property lines, trusts, estates, and tax obligations, and sets out who must be joined, how costs and fees are handled, and how additional relief can be sought.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I ask a court to tell me what my contract means before any breach occurs?", "How do I get a court to decide who is entitled to inherit from an estate or trust?", "Can a court determine the exact boundary line between my land and my neighbor’s?", "What if I need a court to decide whether I must collect another state’s sales or use tax?", "Do all people who might be affected by a declaratory judgment have to be made parties to the case?", "Can a court refuse to issue a declaratory judgment if the dispute isn’t fully resolved?", "Am I able to recover attorney’s fees and court costs in a declaratory judgment action?", "How are declaratory judgments reviewed or appealed?", "Can a court order a trustee or executor to take or refrain from a specific action?", "Does a declaratory judgment have the same effect as a final judgment in the case?" ], "issue_tags": [ "declaratory-judgment", "contract-interpretation", "estate-trust", "property-boundary", "tax-dispute", "court-procedure", "party-joining" ], "synonyms": [ "Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act", "declaratory relief", "declaratory decree", "judgment of rights", "legal status determination" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "38", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 38. ATTORNEY'S FEES", "url": "/statutes/CP/38.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/38.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a party win reasonable attorney's fees in many civil lawsuits, such as contracts, services, labor, and freight disputes, as long as the other side isn’t a quasi‑governmental, religious, or charitable entity. It sets out how to claim the fees, assumes the fees are reasonable unless proven otherwise, and lists exceptions for certain insurance contracts.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I recover my attorney's fees if I win a contract lawsuit?", "Do I have to be represented by a lawyer to claim attorney's fees?", "What types of civil claims allow me to get attorney's fees in Texas?", "How long do I have to wait before demanding attorney's fees after presenting a claim?", "Are attorney's fees automatically considered reasonable, or can they be challenged?", "Can I get attorney's fees against a charitable organization?", "Do insurance contract disputes fall under this attorney's fees rule?", "What steps must I follow to recover attorney's fees from an individual or corporation?", "Can the court use judicial notice to determine the usual attorney's fees without extra evidence?", "Does this chapter apply to claims against a quasi‑governmental entity?" ], "issue_tags": [ "attorney-fees", "civil-claims", "fee-recovery-procedure", "contract-disputes", "insurance-exceptions" ], "synonyms": [ "Attorney fee recovery", "Fee award statute", "Texas attorney's fees chapter", "Civil practice fee provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "39", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 39. DEFAULT JUDGMENTS IN CERTAIN CASES DEFENDED BY ATTORNEY GENERAL", "url": "/statutes/CP/39.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/39.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you that before a court can enter a default judgment against the state, a state agency, or any party represented by the Texas Attorney General, you must send a certified notice of intent to the Attorney General’s office at least ten days before the judgment. If you don’t send that notice, the default judgment will be thrown out without any costs awarded.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I give notice before a default judgment is entered against the state?", "When must I mail a notice of intent to take a default judgment against Texas?", "What happens if I forget to send the required notice before a default judgment?", "Do I need to use certified mail to notify the Attorney General about a default judgment?", "Can a default judgment be entered against a state agency without notifying the Attorney General?", "How many days in advance must the notice be sent before the default judgment is entered?", "What is the effect of failing to give the required notice in a case involving the Attorney General?", "Is there a specific address I must send the notice to for default judgments against the state?", "Does the notice requirement apply to all civil cases or only certain ones?", "Can I recover costs if the default judgment is set aside because I didn’t give notice?" ], "issue_tags": [ "default-judgment", "notice-requirements", "attorney-general", "state-litigation", "civil-procedure" ], "synonyms": [ "default judgment notice rule", "Attorney General default judgment procedure", "state default judgment notice requirement", "notice of intent to default judgment", "Texas default judgment notice" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "40", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 40. AVAILABILITY OF CERTAIN FUNDS TO PAY DAMAGES", "url": "/statutes/CP/40.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/40.json", "summary": "This chapter limits a plaintiff’s ability to collect money from the endowment or restricted funds of certain nonprofit health‑care institutions that are linked to religious groups or Jewish federations. It says that if the fund is tax‑exempt, used to support nursing care, comes from donations or public grants, and is restricted by the donor or the governing board, the damages cannot be taken from that fund or its earnings.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I collect a damage award from a nonprofit hospital’s endowment fund?", "Are donations to a nonprofit health facility protected from being used to pay a lawsuit judgment?", "Do tax‑exempt endowment accounts of religiously affiliated nursing homes have to pay damages?", "What types of nonprofit funds are off‑limits when a court orders payment of damages?", "If a nonprofit care facility is linked to a religious organization, can its restricted grant money be seized for a judgment?", "Does a donor’s restriction on a fund prevent a plaintiff from accessing it for damages?", "Can a plaintiff force a nonprofit’s restricted account to pay a settlement if the money came from public grants?", "Are the earnings from a nonprofit’s endowment subject to a damage award?", "What conditions make a nonprofit’s fund unavailable for paying a court‑ordered judgment?", "Do Jewish federation‑affiliated programs have to use their endowment money to satisfy damages?" ], "issue_tags": [ "nonprofit-damages", "endowment-restrictions", "tax-exempt-funds", "donor-restrictions", "nursing-care-funding" ], "synonyms": [ "damage collection restrictions on nonprofit endowments", "availability of certain funds to pay damages", "nonprofit endowment liability limits", "restricted fund protection from judgments", "tax‑exempt fund damage rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "41", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 41. DAMAGES", "url": "/statutes/CP/41.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/41.json", "summary": "Chapter 41 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code sets out the rules for awarding damages in civil lawsuits. It defines different types of damages, explains when punitive (exemplary) damages can be granted, and limits the amount that can be awarded. The chapter also covers special procedures like separate trial phases for punitive damages and how a defendant's net worth may be considered.", "questions_answered": [ "When can I receive punitive (exemplary) damages in a Texas civil case?", "What must I prove to get punitive damages – fraud, malice, or gross negligence?", "How much punitive damages can a jury award me?", "Are punitive damages limited if my case also includes economic or non‑economic damages?", "Do I need a unanimous jury decision to get punitive damages?", "Can a court order a separate trial phase just for deciding punitive damages?", "Can I discover a defendant’s net worth to help prove punitive damages?", "Are punitive damages barred when the harm comes from a criminal act?", "Can I get interest on a punitive damages award?", "What types of damages are considered economic, non‑economic, and exemplary under Texas law?" ], "issue_tags": [ "exemplary-damages", "damage-types", "burden-of-proof", "damage-limits", "bifurcated-trial", "net-worth-discovery", "prejudgment-interest" ], "synonyms": [ "punitive damages", "civil damages rules", "Texas damages statute", "Chapter 41 damages", "exemplary damages rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "42", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 42. SETTLEMENT", "url": "/statutes/CP/42.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/42.json", "summary": "This chapter lays out how parties in a Texas civil lawsuit can make written settlement offers, what must be included in those offers, and the timeline for acceptance. It also explains when a party can recover litigation costs if the other side rejects a better offer and the final judgment is less favorable. The rules only apply to cases seeking monetary damages and exclude certain types of actions, like class actions or cases involving the government.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I make a valid settlement offer in a Texas civil case?", "What must be written in a settlement offer to be enforceable?", "When can I recover my litigation costs if the other side rejects my settlement offer?", "What percentage of the offer must be exceeded for me to get costs back?", "Does this settlement rule apply to class actions or government lawsuits?", "Do I have to file the settlement offer with the court?", "Can I include expert witness fees in the costs I can recover?", "What deadlines apply to making, accepting, or rejecting a settlement offer?", "If there are multiple defendants, does each one need to file a declaration for the settlement rules to apply?", "Can I withdraw or modify a settlement offer after I’ve made it?" ], "issue_tags": [ "settlement-offer", "litigation-costs", "civil-claims", "monetary-relief", "settlement-procedure", "cost-recovery" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas settlement rules", "civil settlement statute", "settlement offer provisions", "litigation cost recovery rules", "Chapter 42 Settlement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "43", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 43. PRINCIPAL AND SURETY", "url": "/statutes/CP/43.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/43.json", "summary": "This chapter explains who counts as a surety—any guarantor, endorser, or similar party—and what they can do when a contract is owed. It lets a surety demand that the creditor promptly sue the debtor, and if the creditor doesn’t, the surety can be freed from liability. It also sets the order in which a sheriff can seize the debtor’s and surety’s assets, and gives a surety who pays a judgment the right to recover that amount from the debtor’s property. Finally, it describes when an officer is treated like a surety and what rights they have.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is considered a surety under Texas law?", "Can a guarantor force a creditor to file a lawsuit against the debtor?", "What notice must a surety give to the creditor before being released from liability?", "What happens if the creditor doesn’t sue after the surety’s notice?", "In what order does the sheriff seize assets of the debtor and the surety?", "Does a surety who pays a judgment get to recover that payment from the debtor?", "How does a surety recover interest and costs after paying a judgment?", "When can an officer be treated like a surety?", "What rights does an officer have if they are forced to pay a judgment?", "Can a surety be discharged if the creditor delays suing the debtor?" ], "issue_tags": [ "principal-surety", "surety-notice", "execution-priority", "subrogation", "officer-as-surety", "judgment-recovery" ], "synonyms": [ "suretyship rules", "principal and guarantor provisions", "surety notice requirements", "execution order for sureties", "subrogation of guarantors", "officer liability as surety" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "51", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 51. APPEALS", "url": "/statutes/CP/51.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/51.json", "summary": "Chapter 51 lays out how a party can challenge a civil judgment in Texas. It explains when and how to move a case from a justice court to a higher court, the steps for filing appeals and writs of error, rules for appealing certain interim orders, and the handling of costs and appellate records.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I appeal a final judgment from a justice court?", "When can I move a case from a justice court to a county or district court?", "What is a writ of certiorari and how is it used to remove a case from a justice court?", "How long do I have to file a writ of error to the Court of Appeals?", "Can I appeal an interlocutory order like a temporary injunction or a receiver appointment?", "What are the cost rules if my appeal is affirmed or denied?", "How do I appeal a case that is subject to the Federal Arbitration Act?", "Do I need to serve the court reporter when I file a notice of appeal?", "Can I submit an appendix instead of a clerk’s record for my appeal?", "What types of orders are eligible for an accelerated or interlocutory appeal?" ], "issue_tags": [ "appeals", "civil-procedure", "certiorari", "interlocutory-appeal", "appellate-costs", "appellate-record" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Civil Appeals", "Chapter 51 Appeals", "Appeals from Justice Court", "Appeals from County Court", "Interlocutory Appeal Rules", "Texas Appellate Procedure" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "52", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 52. SECURITY FOR JUDGMENTS PENDING APPEAL", "url": "/statutes/CP/52.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/52.json", "summary": "This chapter tells a judgment debtor how to post a bond or deposit to pause enforcement of a judgment while they appeal. It explains how to calculate the required amount, sets caps based on net worth or a dollar limit, and allows the court to lower the amount if it would cause serious financial harm. For debtors with less than $10 million in net worth, it also permits alternative forms of security instead of a cash bond. The chapter limits the court’s ability to interfere with normal business activities while the appeal is pending.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need to post a bond to stop a judgment from being enforced while I appeal?", "How is the amount of security for a money judgment calculated?", "What is the maximum security I might be required to post?", "Can the court lower the security amount if posting it would cause me serious economic hardship?", "Are there limits on security based on my net worth?", "What alternative security can I use if I can’t afford the cash bond?", "Does this chapter apply to judgments that are not for money?", "Can a court prevent me from moving or selling assets while I appeal?", "Can an appellate court change the amount of security I must post?", "What happens to the security requirement if my judgment is reduced on appeal?" ], "issue_tags": [ "security-for-judgment", "appeal-bond", "judgment-enforcement", "monetary-judgment", "alternative-security", "net-worth-limits" ], "synonyms": [ "security for judgments pending appeal", "appeal bond requirements", "post-judgment security", "bond to stay execution", "judgment security rules", "appeal security provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "61", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 61. ATTACHMENT", "url": "/statutes/CP/61.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/61.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how a plaintiff can obtain a writ of original attachment to seize a defendant's property before a judgment, the situations that justify it, and the procedures for issuing, bonding, and levying the attachment. It also covers special rules for sexual assault cases, how third parties can claim attached property, and protections for works of fine art during exhibitions.", "questions_answered": [ "When can I request a writ of original attachment against a debtor?", "What must I prove to get an attachment on someone's property?", "Do I need to post a bond before a writ of attachment is issued?", "Can I attach a debtor’s assets if they are planning to leave the state or hide their property?", "Is it possible to attach personal property before a final judgment is entered?", "Who is authorized to issue a writ of attachment in Texas?", "Can a third party claim property that has been attached?", "How does attachment work for victims of sexual assault seeking medical and counseling costs?", "Are there any restrictions on attaching works of fine art that are being exhibited?", "What happens to the attached property after a judgment is entered?" ], "issue_tags": [ "attachment", "writ-of-attachment", "pre-judgment-seizure", "creditor-remedies", "fine-art-protection", "sexual-assault-recovery" ], "synonyms": [ "original attachment", "attachment lien", "pre-judgment attachment", "creditor's attachment", "court-ordered seizure" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "62", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 62. SEQUESTRATION", "url": "/statutes/CP/62.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/62.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you when a court can issue a writ of sequestration to protect personal or real property while a lawsuit is pending, how to apply for one, and what rights the property holder has to challenge it. It also sets out the duties, liability, and compensation for the officer who manages the seized property, and outlines remedies if the seizure is found to be wrongful.", "questions_answered": [ "When can I ask the court to seize someone's property during a lawsuit?", "What kinds of personal or real property can be protected by a writ of sequestration?", "How do I apply for a writ of sequestration and what information must I include?", "What notice must be given to the person whose property is being seized?", "How can the person whose property is seized ask the court to dissolve the writ?", "What is the timeline for a court hearing on a motion to dissolve a sequestration writ?", "What damages or attorney's fees can I recover if a sequestration of consumer goods is wrong?", "What responsibilities does the officer who holds the seized property have?", "How is the officer compensated for managing the seized property?", "Do I have to account for rent, profits, or other income if I replevy seized property?", "What happens if the court dissolves a sequestration writ?", "Can I bring a counterclaim for wrongful sequestration?" ], "issue_tags": [ "sequestration", "property-protection", "court-writs", "replevy", "officer-duties", "wrongful-seizure", "consumer-goods" ], "synonyms": [ "writ of sequestration", "court seizure", "property sequestration", "protective seizure", "protective writ", "seizure order" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "63", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 63. GARNISHMENT", "url": "/statutes/CP/63.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/63.json", "summary": "Chapter 63 sets out the rules for garnishment, which lets a creditor get a court order to seize money or other assets from a third party to satisfy a debt. It explains who can issue a garnishment writ, what happens when the writ is served, and which types of property—like current wages—are protected. The chapter also covers special situations such as employer fees, garnishing inmate trust funds, and how disputes are tried.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a creditor garnish my wages or other money that I receive?", "What types of property can be taken through a garnishment order?", "Who is authorized to issue a writ of garnishment in Texas?", "What must a creditor prove before a garnishment can be issued?", "What happens if a bank or other financial institution receives a garnishment writ?", "Are there any exemptions that protect my current wages from garnishment?", "Can an employer charge me a fee for processing a wage garnishment?", "Can money in an inmate’s trust fund be garnished?", "Where is a dispute over a garnishment heard if the garnishee lives in a different county?", "What is the effect if a garnishee pays the debtor after a garnishment writ has been served?" ], "issue_tags": [ "garnishment", "wage-exemption", "creditor-rights", "garnishee-obligations", "administrative-fee", "inmate-trust-fund", "jurisdiction" ], "synonyms": [ "wage garnishment", "court-ordered garnishment", "third-party debt collection", "garnishment writ", "attachment of assets" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "64", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 64. RECEIVERSHIP", "url": "/statutes/CP/64.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/64.json", "summary": "Chapter 64 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code sets out when a court can name a receiver, who may serve, what qualifications they need, and what powers and duties they have. It covers receivers for things like fraudulent sales, creditor claims, insolvent corporations, missing persons, railroads, and mineral interests, and explains how receivers handle property, investments, and payments. The chapter also details how long a receivership can last, how claims are prioritized, and how receivers can be sued or held liable.", "questions_answered": [ "When can a Texas court appoint a receiver?", "Who is allowed to serve as a receiver in Texas?", "What qualifications and residency requirements must a receiver meet?", "What powers does a receiver have over the property they control?", "How are the earnings and assets of a receivership distributed to creditors and claimants?", "Can a receiver be sued while they are in office, and what liability do they have?", "How long can a corporate receivership last and how can it be extended?", "What special rules apply to receivership of railroads or railroad assets?", "How does the law handle receivers for mineral or royalty interests owned by non‑residents or absent owners?", "What is the process for appointing a receiver for a missing person’s estate?", "What bond or security must a receiver post before taking on the role?", "How are claims against a receiver’s actions prioritized and paid?" ], "issue_tags": [ "receivership", "court-appointment", "receiver-qualifications", "receiver-powers", "corporate-receivership", "mineral-receivership", "missing-person-receivership" ], "synonyms": [ "appointment of a receiver", "court‑appointed receiver", "receiver duties", "receivership proceedings", "Texas receivership law", "receiver powers and liabilities" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "65", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 65. INJUNCTION", "url": "/statutes/CP/65.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/65.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out when Texas courts can issue injunctions—court orders that stop someone from doing something or require them to act. It explains who can ask for an injunction, what kinds of situations qualify (like mining damage, financial‑institution actions, revenue‑law violations, or cigarette‑related injuries), and special rules for bonds, jurisdiction, and limits on staying judgments. It also details procedures for indigent applicants who cannot post a bond and penalties for using injunctions merely to delay payment.", "questions_answered": [ "When can I get a court order to stop someone from doing something that harms me?", "Can I stop a neighboring mining or drilling operation that damages my land or minerals?", "Do I need to post a bond to obtain a temporary restraining order or temporary injunction?", "What affidavit do I have to file if I cannot afford to post a bond?", "Can an injunction be used to prevent a city from closing a street that borders my property?", "How long after a judgment is entered can I ask for an injunction to stay its execution?", "Can a court issue an injunction against a financial institution that holds my account?", "What relief is available if a state revenue law is being violated?", "Can a cigarette seller or manufacturer get an injunction if they suffer economic injury from a law violation?", "What happens if an injunction is obtained only to delay collecting money I owe?", "Which court has the authority to hear an injunction application and where is the trial held?", "Can an injunction be granted to stay a lawsuit or judgment that is already pending?" ], "issue_tags": [ "injunction", "equitable-relief", "bond-requirements", "mining-injunction", "financial-institution", "revenue-law", "temporary-restraining-order", "jurisdiction" ], "synonyms": [ "court injunction", "restraining order", "temporary restraining order", "injunctive relief", "equitable injunction", "court order to restrain", "injunction statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "66", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 66. QUO WARRANTO", "url": "/statutes/CP/66.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/66.json", "summary": "This chapter lets the state bring a special lawsuit called quo warranto when someone illegally holds a public office, franchise, or corporate power, or when a railroad abuses its rates or refuses service. The attorney general or a local prosecutor can start the case, and if the defendant is found guilty, they are removed from the position and may be fined and ordered to pay costs.", "questions_answered": [ "Can the state force a public official to step down if they are holding the office illegally?", "What legal action can be taken against a corporation that is operating without proper incorporation?", "How does Texas address a railroad company that charges excessively high freight or passenger rates?", "What can be done if a railroad refuses to let another railroad's cars use its tracks?", "Who can start a quo warranto proceeding in Texas?", "What must be included in a petition for a quo warranto action?", "What happens if a person is found guilty in a quo warranto case?", "Can the state recover costs from someone who unlawfully holds a franchise or office?", "Is it possible to fine someone for usurping a public office under this chapter?", "What types of corporate misconduct trigger a quo warranto action?" ], "issue_tags": [ "quo-warranto", "extraordinary-remedies", "public-office-abuse", "corporate-unauthorised-activity", "railroad-regulation", "state-prosecution" ], "synonyms": [ "quo warranto action", "challenge to unlawful office holder", "state petition for removal", "usurpation of office remedy", "corporate franchise dispute", "railroad rate abuse proceeding" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "71", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 71. WRONGFUL DEATH; SURVIVAL; INJURIES OCCURRING OUT OF STATE", "url": "/statutes/CP/71.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/71.json", "summary": "This chapter outlines who may sue for a wrongful death, what kinds of conduct create liability, and how damages are awarded. It also explains that personal injury claims survive the victim's death, covers cases where the injury happened outside Texas, and provides rules for moving a case to a more convenient forum.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is allowed to file a wrongful death lawsuit?", "Can I sue for a wrongful death if the accident occurred in another state?", "What types of conduct make a person or company liable for a wrongful death?", "Can I recover punitive (exemplary) damages for gross negligence or intentional wrongdoing?", "Do the damages from a wrongful death claim go to the deceased's creditors?", "What happens to a wrongful death case if the defendant dies before the suit is filed?", "Do I need to prove the mother was pregnant to sue for the death of an unborn child?", "Can a foreign executor or administrator bring a wrongful death action without extra court letters?", "Does a personal injury claim survive the death of the injured person and pass to heirs?", "When can a Texas court dismiss a case because another state is a better forum?" ], "issue_tags": [ "wrongful-death", "survival-action", "out-of-state-injury", "exemplary-damages", "forum-non-conveniens", "foreign-representative" ], "synonyms": [ "Wrongful Death Statute", "Survival of Cause of Action Rules", "Out-of-State Injury Provisions", "Section 71 of the Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "Texas Wrongful Death and Survival Code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "72", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 72. LIABILITY OF MOTOR VEHICLE OWNER OR OPERATOR", "url": "/statutes/CP/72.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/72.json", "summary": "This chapter outlines when a vehicle owner or driver can be held liable for injuries, especially focusing on guests who are close family members and on commercial motor vehicle accidents. It limits liability for family guests unless the driver acted intentionally or recklessly, allows owners to offset medical expense payments, and sets special procedures for commercial truck cases, including split trials and rules about evidence and employer responsibility.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a family member who rides as a guest sue the driver if they are injured in a crash?", "What limits apply to a vehicle owner's liability when the passenger is a close relative?", "Is the driver liable for injuries caused by reckless or intentional conduct?", "Can an owner or insurance company deduct the amount they paid for a guest’s medical bills from any award?", "How are lawsuits against commercial trucks or buses handled differently from regular car accidents?", "What is a bifurcated trial and when can it be used in a commercial vehicle collision case?", "What types of evidence about safety regulation violations can I introduce in the first phase of a truck accident trial?", "Is an employer automatically responsible for a truck driver’s negligence, or does it depend on the employee’s status?", "Can photographs or video of the crash be admitted without expert testimony?", "Do the liability rules change if the passenger is an employee rather than a guest?" ], "issue_tags": [ "liability", "motor-vehicle", "guest-claims", "commercial-vehicles", "bifurcated-trial", "employer-responsibility", "evidence-admissibility" ], "synonyms": [ "motor vehicle owner liability", "vehicle operator liability", "commercial truck liability", "guest passenger liability", "Texas motor vehicle tort law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "73", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 73. LIBEL", "url": "/statutes/CP/73.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/73.json", "summary": "Chapter 73 defines libel as written or graphic defamation and sets out who can be sued, what defenses (like truth and privileged reporting) apply, and how broadcasters may be held liable. It also creates a detailed process for victims to request and obtain corrections, clarifications, or retractions, with specific timing rules that can limit or eliminate exemplary damages.", "questions_answered": [ "What exactly counts as libel under Texas law?", "When is a newspaper or periodical protected from a libel lawsuit?", "What defenses can I use if I am sued for libel?", "Does the truth of a statement automatically protect me from liability?", "How can I ask a publisher to correct a false statement that harmed my reputation?", "What deadline must I meet to request a correction, clarification, or retraction?", "What must a correction, clarification, or retraction contain to be considered sufficient?", "Can a broadcaster be held responsible for a defamatory comment made by a guest on its program?", "What happens to exemplary damages if the publisher issues a timely correction?", "What are the consequences if I fail to request a correction within 90 days?", "How does the law treat republishing of a libelous statement?", "What is the process for a defendant to challenge the timeliness of a correction request?" ], "issue_tags": [ "libel", "defamation", "correction-retraction", "media-privilege", "broadcast-liability", "truth-defense", "exemplary-damages" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas libel statute", "Chapter 73 libel", "Defamation Mitigation Act", "Texas defamation law", "civil libel provisions", "libel law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "74", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 74. MEDICAL LIABILITY", "url": "/statutes/CP/74.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/74.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out Texas rules for medical malpractice lawsuits. It tells claimants how and when to notify doctors, what information must be shared, how damages are limited, and how expert testimony and discovery work. It also covers special rules for emergency care, informed consent, arbitration agreements, and payment of future damages.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I give proper notice to a doctor before filing a medical malpractice suit?", "What is the deadline to file a health care liability claim in Texas?", "What are the caps on noneconomic and total damages in a medical malpractice case?", "What information must a physician disclose to a patient before a procedure?", "When is a doctor protected from liability for providing emergency care?", "What qualifications must an expert witness have in a medical malpractice case?", "Can a doctor require a patient to sign an arbitration agreement, and what must that agreement say?", "What is the Texas Medical Disclosure Panel and what does it do?", "How are future damages like ongoing medical care paid in a malpractice judgment?", "What are the rules for serving expert reports and discovery in a health care claim?" ], "issue_tags": [ "medical-malpractice", "notice-requirements", "damage-limits", "expert-witness", "emergency-care", "informed-consent", "arbitration", "future-damages" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas medical liability chapter", "health care liability statutes", "medical malpractice provisions", "civil practice medical liability code", "health care liability chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "74A", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 74A. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY RELATING TO HEALTH INFORMATION EXCHANGES", "url": "/statutes/CP/74A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/74A.json", "summary": "This chapter protects doctors, hospitals, and other health care providers from being sued when they give patient information to a health information exchange, as long as they don’t act with malice or gross negligence. It defines who counts as a health care provider and a health information exchange, and says the liability limits add to any other legal protections that already exist.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a doctor be sued if a health information exchange misuses the patient data I gave them?", "What protection does a hospital have when it shares medical records with a health information exchange?", "Am I liable if I accidentally send a patient’s record to the wrong health information exchange?", "Does this law protect me if I share patient information in good faith, even if the exchange later violates privacy rules?", "What does “gross negligence” mean for a health care provider sharing data?", "Are there any circumstances where I could still be held responsible for a data breach after sending information to an exchange?", "Does this limitation apply to all types of health care providers, like clinics and individual physicians?", "How does this chapter interact with other privacy or liability laws I might already be covered by?", "If I’m an employee of a health information exchange, does this law protect me from lawsuits?", "Can a patient sue a health care provider for damages caused by a third party’s misuse of their data after the provider shared it?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-information-exchange", "provider-liability", "data-sharing-immunity", "medical-privacy", "gross-negligence", "malice" ], "synonyms": [ "Health information exchange liability limitation", "Provider protection for data sharing", "Medical data sharing immunity", "Health data exchange liability shield", "Provider liability limitation for HIE" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "75", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 75. LIMITATION OF LANDOWNERS' LIABILITY", "url": "/statutes/CP/75.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/75.json", "summary": "Chapter 75 sets out rules that landowners, lessees, and occupants—especially of agricultural land—generally aren’t liable for injuries to people who enter without permission, unless the injury results from wilful, wanton, or grossly negligent conduct. It also limits liability when owners allow recreational activities, community gardens, or electric‑utility lands to be used, caps the amount of damages private landowners can be ordered to pay, and requires government‑owned recreational sites to post warning signs. The chapter does not affect liability for intentional wrongdoing or certain exceptions like the attractive nuisance doctrine.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to keep my farm safe for people who wander onto it?", "Can I be sued if someone gets hurt while hunting or fishing on my land?", "What liability do I have if I let a neighbor use my property for a community garden?", "Are there limits on how much money I could be ordered to pay if a trespasser is injured on my land?", "Does a government park have to post signs about limited liability?", "Can an electric utility be held responsible for injuries on its property when the public is allowed to use it for recreation?", "How does Texas law define a trespasser?", "When does the attractive nuisance doctrine apply to landowners?", "How does liability differ for agricultural land versus other real property?", "Do I need liability insurance to qualify for the damage caps in this chapter?", "Are there any exceptions for gross negligence or wilful acts?", "What activities are considered \"recreation\" for liability purposes?" ], "issue_tags": [ "landowner-liability", "trespasser-duty", "agricultural-land", "recreational-use", "governmental-units", "damage-limits", "electric-utility" ], "synonyms": [ "landowner liability limitation", "Texas Chapter 75", "limited liability for landowners", "trespasser liability rules", "agricultural land liability", "recreational use liability", "governmental unit liability disclaimer" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "75A", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 75A. LIMITED LIABILITY FOR AGRITOURISM ACTIVITIES", "url": "/statutes/CP/75A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/75A.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules that protect farms and other agritourism businesses from being held responsible for injuries that participants suffer during recreational or educational activities. The protection applies if the business posts a specific warning sign or gets a signed agreement from the participant, but it does not cover injuries caused by the business’s negligence, known dangerous conditions, or intentional acts.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a farm that offers a petting zoo be sued if a visitor gets hurt?", "Do I have to sign a waiver before I can take a tour of a working farm?", "What warning signs must a farm display to limit its liability?", "When does a farm still owe a duty of care despite having a posted warning?", "Does the liability protection apply if the farm knows an animal is dangerous?", "Do parents need to sign the agreement for their minor children?", "What types of injuries or losses are covered by the liability limitation?", "Can a farm limit liability for damage to my personal property while I’m on the farm?", "What happens if the farm is negligent in maintaining its equipment or land?", "Is the liability limitation separate from other defenses the farm might have?" ], "issue_tags": [ "agritourism-liability", "waiver-requirements", "farm-safety", "negligence-exception", "liability-limitation", "texas-tort-law" ], "synonyms": [ "limited liability for agritourism", "agritourism liability protection", "farm tourism waiver law", "Texas agritourism liability statute", "agritourism activity liability rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "75B", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 75B. LIMITED LIABILITY FOR RECREATIONAL VEHICLE PARK AND CAMPGROUND ACTIVITIES", "url": "/statutes/CP/75B.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/75B.json", "summary": "This chapter limits the liability of recreational vehicle parks and campgrounds for injuries or deaths that occur during participant activities, as long as a specific warning sign is posted on the premises. The limitation does not apply if the injury is caused by the entity's negligence, a known dangerous condition, improper employee training, or an intentional act. The law defines who counts as a participant and what types of injuries are covered.", "questions_answered": [ "Does a campground have to pay if I get hurt while staying there?", "What warning sign must an RV park or campground display to limit its liability?", "Can a campground avoid liability simply by posting a warning sign?", "When is a campground still liable even if the warning sign is posted?", "What kinds of injuries are covered by the liability limitation?", "Does the law protect a campground from claims for property damage?", "What does Texas law consider a \"campground\" or \"RV park\"?", "Is a campground liable for injuries caused by a known dangerous condition?", "Can a campground be held responsible for injuries caused by its employees' negligence?", "Does the liability limitation apply to intentional wrongdoing by the campground?", "How does the warning sign affect a participant’s ability to sue?", "Are participants defined as anyone who uses the park, even if they are not paying guests?" ], "issue_tags": [ "limited-liability", "rv-park", "campground", "participant-injury", "warning-sign", "negligence-exception" ], "synonyms": [ "RV park liability limitation", "campground liability protection", "limited liability for recreational vehicle parks", "Texas Chapter 75B", "recreational vehicle park liability law", "campground participant injury limitation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "75C", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 75C. LIMITED LIABILITY FOR CAVERN ACTIVITIES", "url": "/statutes/CP/75C.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/75C.json", "summary": "This chapter gives owners and operators of commercial caverns a shield from being sued for injuries or deaths that happen during recreational or educational activities inside the cave, as long as they display a specific warning sign. The protection does not apply if the injury is caused by the owner's negligence, a known dangerous condition, improper employee training, or intentional wrongdoing. The warning must be posted at each entrance and contain the required language.", "questions_answered": [ "Will a cavern owner be liable if I get hurt while exploring a commercial cave?", "What warning sign must a cavern business display to limit its liability?", "Does the liability limitation apply if the cavern has a known dangerous condition?", "Can a cavern operator avoid responsibility for injuries caused by its own negligence?", "Are injuries caused by improperly trained employees still covered by the liability shield?", "What activities are considered \"cavern activities\" under this law?", "Does the law protect cavern owners from claims for emotional distress or property damage?", "Is the liability limitation only for participants, not for employees of the cavern entity?", "What exact wording must appear on the warning sign at the cave entrance?", "When does the liability limitation not apply because of intentional wrongdoing?", "Do educational tours inside a commercial cavern get the same liability protection?", "How does the law treat injuries that result in death of a participant?" ], "issue_tags": [ "limited-liability", "cavern-activities", "negligence", "warning-sign", "participant-injury", "commercial-cavern" ], "synonyms": [ "cavern liability statute", "cave activity liability law", "Texas cavern liability chapter", "limited liability for cavern operators", "cavern activity participant protection" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "75D", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 75D. LIMITED LIABILITY FOR WATER PARK AND WATER PARK ACTIVITIES", "url": "/statutes/CP/75D.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/75D.json", "summary": "This chapter says that owners or operators of water parks are generally not responsible for injuries or deaths of visitors if they display a specific warning sign at the park entrance. The protection does not apply when the injury is caused by the park's negligence, a known dangerous condition, improper employee training, or an intentional act by the park.", "questions_answered": [ "Do water parks have to post a warning sign to limit their liability?", "What must the warning sign say and where should it be placed?", "When can a water park still be held liable for a guest's injury?", "Does the liability limit apply if the park knew about a hazardous condition?", "Are injuries caused by employee mistakes covered by the liability limit?", "What types of injuries are included under this law?", "Does the law protect water parks from claims for emotional distress or property damage?", "Is the liability limitation valid for indoor water parks as well as outdoor ones?", "How does the law treat intentional wrongdoing by a water park?", "What training issues can affect a water park's liability?", "Can a water park avoid responsibility for a faulty slide or equipment?" ], "issue_tags": [ "water-park-liability", "limited-liability", "warning-sign", "negligence", "injury-protection" ], "synonyms": [ "water park liability limitation", "water park participant injury protection", "limited liability for water park activities", "water park liability disclaimer", "water park safety warning law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "75E", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 75E. LIMITED LIABILITY FOR MOTORIZED OFF-ROAD VEHICLE ACTIVITIES", "url": "/statutes/CP/75E.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/75E.json", "summary": "This chapter limits the legal responsibility of businesses that own or operate off‑road vehicle parks, as long as they display a specific warning sign at the entrance. The limitation does not apply if an injury is caused by the park’s gross negligence, intentional misconduct, or unsafe conditions the park should have known about. The attractive nuisance rule is also excluded. The law defines who counts as a participant and what activities are covered.", "questions_answered": [ "Do off‑road vehicle parks have to post a warning sign to limit their liability?", "When can a motorized off‑road vehicle park be sued for injuries that happen on its property?", "What types of negligence still make the park liable despite the liability limitation?", "Does the law protect a park if a participant is injured on a normal rough trail?", "Are spectators covered by the liability limitation if they are injured?", "What vehicles are considered \"motorized off‑road vehicles\" under this law?", "What kinds of activities are covered by this chapter?", "Can a park be held responsible for injuries caused by a faulty vehicle they provided?", "Does the attractive nuisance doctrine apply to off‑road vehicle parks?", "When does the liability limitation not apply to a participant’s injury?" ], "issue_tags": [ "limited-liability", "off-road-vehicles", "recreational-activities", "negligence", "warning-signs", "liability-exemptions" ], "synonyms": [ "off‑road vehicle liability protection", "motorized off‑road vehicle area liability", "recreational vehicle park liability", "limited liability for off‑road vehicle activities", "motorized off‑road vehicle entity liability rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "76", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 76. FOOD DONORS", "url": "/statutes/CP/76.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/76.json", "summary": "This chapter, known as the Good Faith Donor Act, protects people and organizations that give away food that appears safe from civil or criminal lawsuits, as long as the food meets health standards and the donor isn’t grossly negligent, reckless, or intentionally harmful. It covers donors, volunteers who harvest (glean) donated crops, and nonprofits that distribute the food to people in need. The protection disappears if the donor’s conduct is grossly negligent, reckless, or intentional, and it does not apply to obviously spoiled canned goods.", "questions_answered": [ "If I donate food to a charity and someone gets sick, can I be sued?", "Does a church or nonprofit have to worry about liability when giving away donated food?", "What kinds of food are considered safe under the Good Faith Donor Act?", "Can a farmer be held responsible if a volunteer gets injured while gleaning my fields?", "What storage or handling rules must a nonprofit follow to keep its liability protection?", "What actions would void the liability shield for food donors?", "Is there any criminal liability for donating food that later causes illness?", "Are dented or leaking canned goods covered by the donor protection?", "What does “apparently wholesome” mean for donated food?", "Does the act protect donors from lawsuits if the food is past its prime but still safe?" ], "issue_tags": [ "good-faith-donor", "food-donation-liability", "nonprofit-protection", "gleaning-safety", "apparent-wholesomeness", "tort-immunity" ], "synonyms": [ "Good Faith Donor Act", "Food Donor Immunity Statute", "Texas Food Donation Protection", "Donated Food Liability Shield", "Nonprofit Food Distribution Liability Rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "77", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 77. TRANSPLANTS AND TRANSFUSIONS", "url": "/statutes/CP/77.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/77.json", "summary": "This chapter defines a human body part and limits legal responsibility for anyone involved in donating, preparing, or transferring organs, tissues, or blood to only cases of negligence, gross negligence, or intentional wrongdoing. It removes consumer‑protection and warranty claims from these medical procedures and sets specific payment rules for licensed blood banks, prohibiting cash payments and restricting check payments.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a doctor be sued for a failed organ transplant if they were not negligent?", "What kind of negligence triggers liability for a transplant or transfusion?", "Are organ donors and tissue banks protected from lawsuits?", "Does the Deceptive Trade Practices Act apply to injuries from transplants or transfusions?", "Can a blood bank be held liable if it pays cash for blood?", "What payment methods are allowed for blood banks when they obtain blood from donors?", "Are implied warranties of merchantability applicable to donated blood or tissue?", "What does the law consider a \"human body part\"?", "Can a hospital be sued for a blood transfusion error?", "Are there any exceptions to the liability limitation for medical procedures involving human body parts?" ], "issue_tags": [ "transplant-liability", "blood-bank-regulation", "human-body-parts", "negligence-standard", "medical-tort", "consumer-protection-exemption" ], "synonyms": [ "Transplant and Transfusion Liability Act", "Human Body Part Liability Chapter", "Organ donation liability rules", "Blood bank compensation rules", "Medical transplant negligence standards" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "78", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 78. CERTAIN FIRE FIGHTERS AND FIRE-FIGHTING ENTITIES", "url": "/statutes/CP/78.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/78.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out when volunteer firefighters, nonprofit fire departments, and marine fire‑fighting services can be held liable for injuries or property damage. It generally shields them from liability unless a county or similar government entity would also be liable, and it extends the same protections to training exercises. The rules also apply specific immunities to individual firefighters based on how a comparable government employee would be treated.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue a volunteer firefighter if they damage my property while fighting a fire?", "Is a nonprofit fire department liable for injuries that occur during a marine fire emergency?", "What liability does a volunteer fire department have compared to a county fire service?", "Are volunteer firefighters protected from lawsuits the same way county employees are?", "Do fire‑fighting services have immunity when they respond to hazardous material incidents?", "What defenses are available to a nonprofit fire department if someone sues for damages?", "Does a firefighter have protection from liability while conducting a training drill?", "How does the law treat errors made by a fire fighter hired by a government unit?", "Are there any circumstances where a volunteer fire department can be held financially responsible?", "What legal standards apply to a fire fighter’s actions on navigable waters of the state?" ], "issue_tags": [ "volunteer-firefighter-liability", "nonprofit-fire-department-immunity", "marine-fire-response", "training-exercise-protection", "tort-liability", "government-contract-immunity" ], "synonyms": [ "firefighter liability protection", "volunteer fire department immunity", "marine fire service liability", "firefighter training exercise immunity", "Texas civil practice chapter 78", "firefighter tort shield" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "78A", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 78A. LIABILITY OF FIRST RESPONDERS FOR ROADSIDE ASSISTANCE", "url": "/statutes/CP/78A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/78A.json", "summary": "This chapter shields police officers, firefighters, EMTs and qualified volunteers who help stranded motorists from civil lawsuits for vehicle damage that occurs while they are providing assistance, as long as they act in good faith and avoid gross negligence, recklessness, or intentional misconduct. It also spells out who counts as a first responder and what kinds of help—like jump‑starts, lockouts, tire changes, and other breakdown services—are covered.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue a police officer if my car is damaged while they jump‑start it?", "Am I allowed to sue a volunteer firefighter for damage that occurs when they change my tire?", "What protection do EMTs have if they accidentally damage my vehicle while providing roadside help?", "Does this law cover lockout assistance or only jump‑starts?", "What does \"good faith\" mean for a first responder giving roadside assistance?", "Are first responders still liable if they act recklessly while helping my car?", "Who is considered a \"first responder\" under this law?", "If a volunteer firefighter is not certified, are they covered by this liability protection?", "Does this chapter apply to private tow companies or only public first responders?", "What types of vehicle damage are excluded from the immunity protection?" ], "issue_tags": [ "liability", "first-responders", "roadside-assistance", "tort-immunity", "negligence" ], "synonyms": [ "first responder roadside assistance immunity", "civil liability protection for police and firefighters", "roadside aid liability shield", "tort protection for emergency personnel", "vehicle assistance liability exemption" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "78B", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 78B. LIMITED LIABILITY FOR FIRST RESPONDER WELLNESS CHECK AT CIVIL COMMITMENT FACILITY", "url": "/statutes/CP/78B.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/78B.json", "summary": "This chapter explains that a first responder—such as a police officer, firefighter, or EMT—does not have to conduct a wellness check on a civilly committed sexually violent predator, and they cannot be sued for refusing to do so. It also lets responders direct the requester to the Texas Civil Commitment Office for information instead of performing the check themselves.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a police officer be required to go to a civil commitment facility to check on a sexual predator?", "Am I protected from lawsuits if I refuse to do a wellness check on a civilly committed offender?", "What does \"wellness check\" mean in this context?", "Who counts as a first responder under this law?", "If I refuse to perform a wellness check, will a court dismiss any claim against me?", "Can I refer someone asking for a wellness check to another agency instead of going myself?", "Does this law apply to volunteer firefighters and EMTs?", "What agency can provide information about the condition of a civilly committed sexual predator?", "Is there any penalty for refusing to do a wellness check?", "Do I have to inform the person requesting the check why I’m not going?" ], "issue_tags": [ "first-responder-liability", "wellness-check", "civil-commitment", "sexual-predator", "tort-protection" ], "synonyms": [ "limited liability for first responder wellness checks", "first responder wellness check protection", "wellness check refusal law", "civil commitment wellness check statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "79", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 79. LIABILITY OF PERSONS ASSISTING IN HAZARDOUS OR DANGEROUS SITUATIONS", "url": "/statutes/CP/79.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/79.json", "summary": "This chapter shields people and organizations from civil lawsuits when they give care, advice, or assistance during hazardous material incidents, natural or man‑made disasters, or as volunteer health‑care providers, as long as they are not reckless or intentionally harmful. It also extends that protection to training exercises and to agencies or charities that request the help.", "questions_answered": [ "Am I immune from a lawsuit if I help clean up a chemical spill?", "Can I be sued for giving advice during a fire caused by a hazardous material?", "Does a volunteer doctor have protection from liability when treating victims of a natural disaster?", "Is a charity protected from liability when its volunteers assist in a disaster response?", "Will a government agency be liable for the actions of a private person it asked to help with a hazardous material incident?", "Does this law protect me if I participate in a training drill for emergency response?", "What kind of misconduct would void the immunity provided by this chapter?", "Are there any compensation limits that affect the immunity for helpers?", "Does this chapter apply to incidents that have already happened versus ongoing emergencies?", "Can a health‑care institution be held liable for the actions of its volunteer providers during a disaster?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hazardous-material-immunity", "disaster-assistance-immunity", "volunteer-healthcare-immunity", "civil-liability-protection", "training-exercise-immunity" ], "synonyms": [ "hazardous material assistance immunity", "disaster response liability protection", "volunteer medical provider immunity", "civil immunity for emergency helpers", "Texas Chapter 79 liability shield" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "80", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 80. TRESPASS: OUTDOOR SIGN", "url": "/statutes/CP/80.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/80.json", "summary": "This chapter defines what counts as trespassing with outdoor signs, such as billboards or posters, when they are placed on property without the owner's permission or left there after a contract ends. It explains that the property owner can sue for damages, but only after sending a certified demand letter and giving the sign owner 30 days to remove it or get permission. The damages are limited to the income the sign owner earned from the sign during the period after the notice was sent and before the sign is removed or permission is granted.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I put a billboard or other advertising sign on someone else's land without their consent?", "What happens if my contract to display a sign ends and I keep the sign up?", "How does a property owner get money from an unauthorized sign on their land?", "Do I need to send a certified letter before I can sue for a sign that’s trespassing?", "How long does the sign owner have to remove the sign after receiving a notice?", "What kind of damages can a landowner recover for an illegal sign?", "Can a sign owner avoid liability by paying rent after the notice is sent?", "Is a painted mural considered a sign under this law?", "What steps must a property owner follow to claim trespass for an outdoor sign?", "Does the law apply to temporary displays like event posters?", "Can I be held responsible for a sign that I didn’t personally install but is on my property?", "What proof does a landowner need to show the sign was placed without permission?" ], "issue_tags": [ "trespass", "outdoor-signs", "property-rights", "damage-recovery", "notice-requirements", "signage" ], "synonyms": [ "sign trespass", "unauthorized outdoor advertising", "outdoor sign placement violation", "sign removal notice statute", "advertising sign trespass law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "81", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 81. SEXUAL EXPLOITATION BY MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES PROVIDER", "url": "/statutes/CP/81.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/81.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a civil cause of action for patients who are sexually exploited by mental‑health providers, allowing them to recover damages and attorney’s fees. It also holds the providers’ employers liable if they fail to investigate or report suspected abuse. The law sets out reporting duties, defenses, and a three‑year filing deadline, with special rules for clergy and government employers.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue my therapist or counselor for sexual misconduct?", "What types of damages can I recover if a mental‑health provider exploited me sexually?", "Is my employer or the agency that hired my therapist liable for the abuse?", "Do I have to report sexual exploitation by a mental‑health provider, and how do I do it?", "What is the time limit for filing a lawsuit after discovering the abuse?", "Can a provider claim that I consented to the sexual contact as a defense?", "Are clergy members who exploit patients held liable under this law?", "Can I get attorney’s fees and punitive damages in a sexual exploitation case?", "What are the reporting requirements for mental‑health providers and their employers?", "Can I sue a government agency that employs a therapist who abused a patient?", "What defenses are available if the abuse happened after therapy ended?", "Does this law protect the privacy of the alleged victim when a report is made?" ], "issue_tags": [ "sexual-exploitation", "mental-health", "civil-liability", "employer-responsibility", "reporting-duty", "statute-of-limitations", "damages" ], "synonyms": [ "Therapist sexual abuse law", "Mental health provider sexual misconduct statute", "Sexual exploitation of patients", "Civil remedy for therapist misconduct", "Provider sexual exploitation provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "82", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 82. PRODUCTS LIABILITY", "url": "/statutes/CP/82.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/82.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out Texas rules for product liability cases. It defines who counts as a manufacturer or seller, explains when manufacturers must cover sellers’ costs, and outlines the circumstances under which non‑manufacturing sellers can be held liable. It also covers special rules for design defects, firearms, medicines, compliance with federal safety standards, and limits liability for large leased vehicles that aren’t retrofitted.", "questions_answered": [ "When does a manufacturer have to pay a seller’s legal costs in a product liability lawsuit?", "What must a seller prove to be held liable for a defective product if they didn’t make it?", "Are manufacturers liable for design defects and what does a plaintiff need to show?", "Do product liability claims apply to firearms and ammunition, and what must the plaintiff prove?", "How are warnings on medicines evaluated in a product liability case?", "Can a seller avoid liability if the product met all federal safety standards?", "What is the rule for liability when a large vehicle is leased and not retrofitted?", "What types of products are considered inherently unsafe and exempt from liability?", "Does a seller have to give notice to the manufacturer before suing for indemnification?", "How does Texas law treat a seller who modifies a product before selling it?" ], "issue_tags": [ "product-liability", "manufacturer-indemnity", "design-defect", "nonmanufacturer-seller-liability", "firearms-liability", "medicine-warnings", "federal-compliance", "vehicle-retrofit" ], "synonyms": [ "products liability chapter", "Texas product liability statutes", "product defect law", "manufacturer and seller liability rules", "product safety and indemnity provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "83", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 83. USE OF FORCE OR DEADLY FORCE", "url": "/statutes/CP/83.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/83.json", "summary": "This chapter says that if a person uses force or deadly force that is legally justified under the criminal code, they cannot be sued in civil court for any injuries or death that result. It provides a blanket civil immunity for those justified actions, protecting them from personal injury or wrongful‑death claims.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue someone who used force that was allowed by law?", "Does a police officer have civil protection if they use deadly force in a justified situation?", "Am I immune from a civil lawsuit if I acted in self‑defense?", "What happens if a private citizen uses force that is considered lawful under the penal code?", "Can a person be held liable in civil court for a shooting that was deemed justified?", "Does this law protect people from wrongful‑death claims when they used justified force?", "When does the use of force remove civil liability for personal injury?", "Is there any civil remedy against someone who acted within the legal limits of force?", "How does the law treat civil claims against someone who used deadly force under the penal code?", "Do I need to worry about a civil lawsuit if my use of force was legally justified?" ], "issue_tags": [ "civil-immunity", "justified-force", "deadly-force", "tort-liability", "use-of-force", "personal-injury" ], "synonyms": [ "use of force immunity", "justified force civil protection", "deadly force civil immunity", "civil immunity for justified force", "tort shield for lawful force" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "84", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 84. CHARITABLE IMMUNITY AND LIABILITY", "url": "/statutes/CP/84.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/84.json", "summary": "This Texas law shields volunteers, employees, and charitable organizations from most civil lawsuits and caps the amount of money they may have to pay. It sets out when that protection applies, such as for ordinary activities, and lists exceptions like intentional wrongdoing, certain insurance requirements, and specific types of organizations. The statute also defines who qualifies as a charitable organization and outlines special rules for health‑care volunteers, transportation services, and disclosures of sexual misconduct.", "questions_answered": [ "Am I immune from a lawsuit if I volunteer for a charity?", "What is the maximum amount a charitable organization can be sued for?", "Do volunteers have to get a patient’s written acknowledgment before providing medical care?", "Can a volunteer be held liable if they operate a vehicle for the charity?", "Does this law protect employees of a nonprofit the same way it protects volunteers?", "Are hospitals and hospital systems covered by the same liability limits as other charities?", "What insurance coverage must a charitable organization maintain to qualify for immunity?", "Can a charitable organization be sued for disclosing allegations of sexual misconduct?", "Do board members and officers have the same liability protection as volunteers?", "Are religious organizations that provide security services covered by this immunity?", "What types of organizations are excluded from the charitable immunity protections?", "How does the law treat liability for transportation services provided to welfare recipients?" ], "issue_tags": [ "charitable-immunity", "volunteer-liability", "organization-liability", "liability-cap", "insurance-requirements", "health-care-volunteer", "sexual-misconduct-disclosure", "transportation-liability" ], "synonyms": [ "Charitable Immunity and Liability Act", "Texas charitable immunity law", "Volunteer protection statute", "Nonprofit liability limits", "Charitable organization liability cap", "Volunteer immunity provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "85", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 85. LIABILITY FOR STALKING", "url": "/statutes/CP/85.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/85.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a person who has been stalked file a civil lawsuit against the stalker. To win, the victim must show repeated harassing conduct that caused a reasonable fear for safety, a demand to stop that was ignored, and that the behavior was reported to police. Successful claimants can recover actual losses and, in some cases, punitive damages. A defendant can defend the claim if the conduct was protected by constitutional or statutory rights, and the stalking claim can be added to other legal remedies.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue someone for stalking in Texas?", "What do I have to prove to win a civil stalking case?", "Do I need a police report to bring a stalking lawsuit?", "Can I get punitive damages for stalking?", "What kinds of behavior count as stalking under Texas law?", "Does violating a restraining order help my stalking claim?", "Can I sue for stalking if the stalker threatened me or my family?", "What defenses can a stalker raise in a civil case?", "Can I combine a stalking lawsuit with other claims I have?", "Do I have to show physical injury to recover damages for stalking?", "What evidence do I need besides my own perception?", "Does the law protect me if the stalker claims free speech?" ], "issue_tags": [ "civil-stalking", "tort-liability", "damages", "proof-requirements", "defenses", "restraining-order" ], "synonyms": [ "stalking civil action", "stalking tort claim", "civil liability for stalking", "Texas stalking statute", "stalking damages lawsuit" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "86", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 86. LIABILITY FOR CERTAIN INJURIES TO CONVICTED PERSONS", "url": "/statutes/CP/86.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/86.json", "summary": "This chapter stops people who have been convicted of a crime from suing for injuries that happened because they were committing that crime, unless the injury came from something completely unrelated. It also blocks claims by others that depend on the convicted person's barred claim, and makes the barred claimant pay the other side's court costs and attorney fees. The law defines who counts as convicted and lists specific exceptions, such as certain traffic offenses and cases involving grossly negligent property owners.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue for injuries I suffered while committing a crime?", "Am I allowed to recover damages if I was injured during a felony or misdemeanor?", "What if the injury was caused by something unrelated to the crime I was committing?", "Can my family or estate sue for my death if I was convicted of a crime?", "Do I have to pay the other party’s court costs and attorney fees if my claim is barred?", "What actions count as being ‘convicted’ for the purposes of this rule?", "Are traffic violations covered by this liability restriction?", "Does this rule apply if I was only on probation or paid a fine?", "What exceptions exist for injuries that happen on a property with a defect?", "Can I bring a claim if the injury occurred during a trespass that isn’t a crime?", "Are there any situations where a claim can proceed despite a conviction?" ], "issue_tags": [ "convicted-person-liability", "damage-recovery-bar", "court-costs-fees", "derivative-claims", "exception-traffic-law", "definition-convicted" ], "synonyms": [ "Liability for Injuries to Convicted Persons", "Convicted Person Damage Bar", "Criminal Activity Injury Recovery Restrictions", "Tort Bar for Convicted Individuals", "Convicted Person Civil Claim Limitations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "87", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 87. LIABILITY ARISING FROM FARM ANIMALS", "url": "/statutes/CP/87.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/87.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out who can be held responsible for injuries or deaths that happen during farm animal activities, like riding, handling, or showing animals. It generally protects owners, sponsors, and professionals from liability unless specific exceptions apply, such as faulty equipment, dangerous land conditions, or intentional wrongdoing. The law also requires clear warning signs and contract language to inform participants of the inherent risks. It does not cover activities regulated by the Texas Racing Commission.", "questions_answered": [ "Am I liable if someone gets injured during a horse riding lesson or other farm animal activity?", "Do I have to post a warning sign at my stable or arena about the risks of farm animal activities?", "When can a farm owner or sponsor be sued for injuries that occur at a rodeo or livestock show?", "What kinds of equipment problems can make me personally liable for a participant’s injury?", "Are livestock show sponsors protected from lawsuits if a participant gets hurt?", "Does this law apply to horse racing events that are regulated by the Texas Racing Commission?", "What is considered a \"farm animal activity\" under this statute?", "Can I be held responsible if a participant is negligent and gets injured?", "What are the specific exceptions that remove the liability protection?", "Do labor or workers' compensation laws affect the liability limits in this chapter?", "Do I need to include the warning notice in every contract with participants or employees?", "What types of animals are covered by the farm animal liability rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "liability-farm-animal", "farm-animal-activities", "liability-exceptions", "warning-signs", "livestock-show", "equine-liability", "farm-animal-law" ], "synonyms": [ "Farm animal liability rules", "Liability for farm animal activities", "Farm animal activity liability", "Liability in farm animal shows", "Farm animal tort protection", "Texas farm animal liability statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "88", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 88. HEALTH CARE LIABILITY", "url": "/statutes/CP/88.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/88.json", "summary": "This chapter tells health insurers, HMOs, and other managed‑care groups that they must use ordinary care when deciding on a patient’s treatment and can be sued if their decisions or those of their agents cause harm. It also sets out defenses, bans certain contract clauses, and requires notice and an independent review before a lawsuit can proceed, while excluding ERISA employee benefit plans and workers’ compensation coverage.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue my health insurance company or HMO for not using proper care in treatment decisions?", "What duty does a health insurer have when it decides what care my plan will cover?", "Is a health plan liable for the actions of its employees, agents, or representatives?", "What defenses can a health insurer raise if I file a lawsuit against it?", "Do I have to go through an appeals or independent review process before suing my health plan?", "Can a health insurer remove a doctor from its network for advocating for my needed care?", "Are indemnification or hold‑harmless clauses in contracts with doctors allowed under this law?", "Does this law apply to employee benefit plans that are regulated by ERISA?", "What is meant by “ordinary care” for a health insurance carrier or managed‑care entity?", "What notice must I give before filing a claim against my health insurer?", "Does this chapter affect workers’ compensation insurance claims?", "What happens if I ignore the required independent review before suing?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-insurance-liability", "ordinary-care", "managed-care-entities", "treatment-decisions", "independent-review", "contract-prohibitions", "ERISA-exemption" ], "synonyms": [ "health care liability chapter", "Texas health insurance liability statutes", "health plan liability rules", "managed care liability provisions", "health insurer duty of care" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "89", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 89. DONATION OF MEDICAL DEVICES", "url": "/statutes/CP/89.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/89.json", "summary": "This chapter shields people who give away certain medical devices for free to qualified nonprofit health care organizations from being sued if the device later causes injury, death, or property damage, as long as the donation is made in good faith and the nonprofit has the required liability insurance. The protection does not apply if the donor knows the device is harmful, is reckless about its safety, or breaks any law, and it excludes devices that are injected, implanted, or placed inside a person.", "questions_answered": [ "Am I protected from lawsuits if I donate a wheelchair to a charity?", "Does giving away a used medical device make me liable if it later hurts someone?", "What types of medical devices are covered by the donation protection?", "Do I need to have insurance before I can donate a medical device?", "What insurance does the nonprofit health care organization need to have?", "Can a nonprofit be held responsible for injuries caused by a donated device?", "What happens if I know the device is faulty but still donate it?", "Does this law apply to implanted or injected devices?", "Are there any situations where the liability protection does not apply?", "Do I have to sign a special form when I donate a medical device?", "Does the protection apply to all charities or only specific health care nonprofits?", "What if the donated device causes property damage after the donation?" ], "issue_tags": [ "liability-protection", "medical-device-donation", "nonprofit-healthcare", "donation-exceptions", "insurance-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "donation of medical devices statute", "medical equipment donation liability law", "device donation protection", "charitable medical device donation rules", "nonprofit health care device donation act" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "89A", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 89A. DONATION OF FEMININE HYGIENE PRODUCTS", "url": "/statutes/CP/89A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/89A.json", "summary": "This chapter gives legal protection to people and nonprofit groups that donate or give out feminine hygiene items, as long as the products meet all required quality and labeling rules and the donation is made in good faith. The protection does not apply if the product is given or distributed with intent or gross negligence that causes injury or death. It also defines what counts as a feminine hygiene product and which organizations qualify as nonprofits.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I be sued for donating tampons or pads to a charity?", "Are nonprofit organizations liable if they hand out donated menstrual cups to people in need?", "What quality or labeling standards must donated feminine hygiene products meet to be protected from lawsuits?", "Does the law protect donors if the product they give is past its expiration date?", "What happens if a donated sanitary napkin causes an allergic reaction—can the donor be held responsible?", "Do manufacturers have the same liability protection when they donate their products to nonprofits?", "What does \"good faith\" mean in the context of donating feminine hygiene products?", "Are there any situations where the liability protection does not apply?", "Can a nonprofit face criminal charges for distributing donated menstrual products?", "Does this protection cover all types of menstrual products, like menstrual cups and panty liners?", "If a product is not marketable but meets quality standards, is the donor still protected?", "Who qualifies as a nonprofit organization under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "liability-protection", "feminine-hygiene-donation", "nonprofit-immunity", "product-quality-standards", "good-faith-donation", "gross-negligence-exception" ], "synonyms": [ "donation of menstrual products", "feminine hygiene product donation protection", "nonprofit distribution liability shield", "menstrual product liability exemption", "charitable donation safety" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "90", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 90. CLAIMS INVOLVING ASBESTOS AND SILICA", "url": "/statutes/CP/90.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/90.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rules for filing and defending lawsuits in Texas that involve injuries from asbestos or silica exposure. It defines key terms, specifies which doctors can prepare required medical reports, and establishes strict deadlines for serving those reports. The chapter also governs how cases may be moved to multidistrict litigation, how defendants can move to dismiss claims for missing reports, and requires claimants to file and disclose trust claims against asbestos or silica trusts.", "questions_answered": [ "What medical report must I serve on the defendant in an asbestos injury lawsuit?", "What are the deadlines for serving the required report after the defendant answers?", "Which types of doctors are authorized to prepare the asbestos or silica reports?", "What imaging and lung function tests are needed for an asbestos claim?", "What are the requirements for a silica-related injury report?", "Can I voluntarily dismiss my asbestos or silica lawsuit before serving the report?", "What can a defendant do if I fail to serve a proper report?", "How does this chapter affect cases that are moved to multidistrict litigation?", "Do I have to file a claim with asbestos or silica trusts, and when?", "What information must I include when notifying the court about trust claims?", "What are the latency period requirements for silicosis or mesothelioma claims?", "What is a certified B‑reader and why is it needed for the report?" ], "issue_tags": [ "asbestos", "silica", "medical-reports", "multidistrict-litigation", "trust-claims", "deadline-motions", "occupational-health" ], "synonyms": [ "asbestos and silica claims", "Texas asbestos litigation rules", "Texas silica litigation rules", "asbestos injury statutes", "silica injury statutes", "MDL asbestos silica provisions", "trust claim requirements for asbestos/silica" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "91", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 91. LIABILITY OF VOLUNTEER HEALTH CARE PRACTITIONERS", "url": "/statutes/CP/91.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/91.json", "summary": "This chapter shields doctors, physician assistants, advanced nurse practitioners, and chiropractors who give free physical exams for school sports from civil lawsuits, as long as they act in good faith, stay within their license, have the required malpractice insurance, and obtain a signed acknowledgment from the patient or guardian. It sets minimum insurance amounts and does not protect anyone who acts intentionally, recklessly, or outside the scope of the law, nor does it change the liability of schools or government entities.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a volunteer doctor be sued if a student gets injured during a free school sports physical?", "What insurance does a volunteer health care practitioner need to be protected under this law?", "What written consent must a parent sign before a free school physical exam?", "Does this immunity apply to nurse practitioners and physician assistants as well as doctors?", "Are chiropractors covered by the volunteer health care practitioner protection?", "What happens if the practitioner acts intentionally or recklessly during the exam?", "Does this law limit the liability of the school district itself?", "What are the minimum malpractice insurance limits required by the statute?", "Can a minor’s guardian waive the right to sue the practitioner for injuries?", "Is the protection only for exams that are unpaid and not expected to be compensated?", "Does this chapter apply to government employees who perform the exams?", "What types of injuries or damages are still recoverable despite the immunity?" ], "issue_tags": [ "volunteer-healthcare-immunity", "school-sports-physical", "malpractice-insurance", "liability-protection", "medical-screening", "texas-tort-law" ], "synonyms": [ "Volunteer health care practitioner liability protection", "Free school sports physical immunity", "Texas volunteer medical examiner shield", "Uncompensated school health exam liability rule", "Volunteer physician liability statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "91A", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 91A. LIABILITY OF VOLUNTEER AUDIOLOGISTS AND SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGISTS", "url": "/statutes/CP/91A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/91A.json", "summary": "This Texas law shields licensed audiologists and speech‑language pathologists who volunteer to perform free hearing, speech, or language evaluations from civil lawsuits if a patient is injured or dies, provided they act in good faith, stay within their professional scope, and the act isn’t intentional or reckless. The protection does not apply when the volunteer’s conduct is willfully negligent or shows reckless disregard for safety.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I be sued for a mistake I make while doing a free hearing test as a volunteer?", "Does this law protect volunteer speech‑language pathologists from civil liability?", "What conditions must be met for a volunteer audiologist to be immune from a lawsuit?", "Is the immunity still valid if I unintentionally cause injury during a free screening?", "Does the protection apply only to unpaid services?", "Do I need to be a licensed professional to get this liability protection?", "What does \"good faith\" mean in the context of volunteer evaluations?", "Can I be held liable if I go beyond the scope of my audiology license while volunteering?", "Does this chapter cover intentional wrongdoing or reckless behavior?", "Is this immunity available for all types of speech and hearing assessments?" ], "issue_tags": [ "volunteer-liability", "audiology", "speech-language-pathology", "tort-immunity", "professional-licensure", "negligence-exception" ], "synonyms": [ "Volunteer audiologist immunity", "Volunteer speech-language pathologist protection", "Free screening liability shield", "Texas volunteer health professional liability", "Audiology and speech pathology volunteer defense" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "91B", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 91B. LIABILITY OF VOLUNTEER VETERINARY PRACTITIONERS", "url": "/statutes/CP/91B.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/91B.json", "summary": "This chapter gives volunteer veterinary professionals—certified assistants, licensed technicians, and veterinarians—protection from civil lawsuits when they provide free care to injured animals during disasters, as long as they act in good faith, follow their professional scope, and are not grossly negligent or intentionally harmful. The immunity does not apply if they are paid more than just reimbursed for expenses.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I be sued for treating a pet for free after a flood?", "Does volunteering as a vet during a hurricane protect me from liability?", "What kinds of animal emergencies qualify for legal protection as a volunteer vet?", "Am I still liable if I make a big mistake while treating an animal for free?", "Does this law cover veterinary technicians as well as veterinarians?", "Do I need to be paid to lose my immunity when helping animals in a disaster?", "Will I be protected if a government agency asks me to treat an injured animal?", "What does “grossly negligent” mean for a volunteer vet under this law?", "Can I volunteer for animal care without a license and still be immune?", "Does this protection apply if I treat an animal at a private owner's request during a storm?" ], "issue_tags": [ "volunteer-veterinary-immunity", "disaster-animal-care", "veterinary-liability", "professional-immunity", "gross-negligence-exception" ], "synonyms": [ "Volunteer Veterinarian Immunity", "Animal Disaster Care Liability Protection", "Veterinary Volunteer Liability Shield", "Volunteer Vet Immunity Statute", "Emergency Animal Care Immunity" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "92", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 92. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR PERSON ASSISTING CERTAIN ANIMALS", "url": "/statutes/CP/92.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/92.json", "summary": "This chapter protects people who, in good faith and without pay, provide medical care to pets, service animals, or other non‑livestock animals during emergencies, as long as they try to locate the owner and are not grossly negligent. It also shields animal‑control agencies and their employees when they take custody of such animals under the same conditions. The rules apply only to non‑livestock animals and do not override other state statutes.", "questions_answered": [ "Am I protected from a lawsuit if I treat a stray dog after a flood?", "Do I have to be paid to be immune from liability when I help a pet during a natural disaster?", "What steps must I take to avoid liability when caring for an abandoned cat in an emergency?", "Can an animal‑control officer be sued for injuries to a pet they rescued during a chemical spill?", "What does \"gross negligence\" mean for someone helping a service animal in distress?", "Do these liability limits apply to farm animals like cattle or horses?", "If I find a lost exotic pet during a storm, am I required to contact the owner before providing care?", "Are there any circumstances where I could still be held liable for treating a stray animal?", "Do these rules affect the ability of a veterinarian to treat a pet in an emergency?", "How does this chapter interact with other Texas laws about animal care?" ], "issue_tags": [ "liability-limitation", "animal-assistance", "emergency-care", "nonlivestock-animals", "good-faith", "gross-negligence" ], "synonyms": [ "Limitation of liability for animal helpers", "Liability protection for emergency animal care", "Animal assistance liability shield", "Non‑livestock animal care liability rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "92A", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 92A. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR REMOVING CERTAIN INDIVIDUALS FROM MOTOR VEHICLE", "url": "/statutes/CP/92A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/92A.json", "summary": "This chapter shields people from civil lawsuits when they break into a car to rescue a vulnerable person—like a child under seven or someone who can’t protect themselves—provided the vehicle is locked or the person can’t get out, they act in good faith, call law enforcement or 911, use only the force needed, and stay with the rescued individual until help arrives. The protection applies to both law‑enforcement officers and private citizens who follow these steps.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I be sued for breaking into a locked car to rescue a child?", "Am I protected from liability if I force my way into a vehicle to help a disabled adult?", "What qualifies as a \"vulnerable individual\" under this law?", "Do I have to call 911 before entering a car to rescue someone?", "What steps must I follow to avoid civil liability when removing a person from a vehicle?", "Does this immunity apply only to police officers or also to private citizens?", "If the car isn’t locked but the person can’t get out, am I still covered?", "What happens if I use more force than necessary while rescuing someone?", "Do I need to stay with the rescued person until emergency responders arrive?", "How does this chapter interact with other liability limits for emergency care?" ], "issue_tags": [ "civil-liability", "vehicle-rescue", "vulnerable-individuals", "good-faith", "emergency-response" ], "synonyms": [ "immunity for vehicle rescue", "liability limitation for removing persons from cars", "motor vehicle rescue protection", "forced entry rescue law", "civil immunity for rescuing vulnerable individuals" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "93", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 93. ASSUMPTION OF THE RISK AND CERTAIN OTHER AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES", "url": "/statutes/CP/93.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/93.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out two special defenses that a defendant can raise in a personal injury or death lawsuit. One defense blocks recovery if the plaintiff was committing a felony or attempting suicide that alone caused the injury, unless the defendant’s negligence contributed. The other defense protects owners or occupants of property when a fire‑fighting agency uses a dry fire hydrant, as long as the damage isn’t due to intentional or reckless conduct. The rules do not apply to workers’ compensation claims or insurance contract actions.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a defendant argue that the plaintiff was committing a felony as a defense to a personal injury suit?", "Does attempting or committing suicide ever block a plaintiff’s claim for damages?", "What happens if the defendant’s negligence contributed to a suicide that caused the injury?", "Do these defenses apply to workers’ compensation cases?", "Can an insurance company use these defenses in a claim based on an insurance contract?", "What is a ‘dry fire hydrant’ defense and when can it be used?", "When can a property owner avoid liability for fire damage caused by a dry fire hydrant?", "Does intentional or reckless conduct by the property owner defeat the dry fire hydrant defense?", "Are there any exceptions to the dry fire hydrant defense for damage caused by the property itself?", "Which law takes precedence if there’s a conflict with other statutes?" ], "issue_tags": [ "assumption-of-risk", "affirmative-defenses", "dry-fire-hydrant", "personal-injury", "tort-liability", "workers-comp-exception" ], "synonyms": [ "assumption of risk defense", "felony defense", "suicide defense", "dry fire hydrant liability defense", "affirmative defenses in tort law", "fire hydrant defense" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "94", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 94. LIABILITY OF SPORTS OFFICIALS AND ORGANIZATIONS", "url": "/statutes/CP/94.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/94.json", "summary": "This chapter protects referees, umpires, judges and other sports officials, as well as the clubs or groups that sponsor events, from civil lawsuits for injuries that arise from the normal risks of a sport. They are only liable if they act with gross negligence or intentional wrongdoing, and sponsors are only responsible for their own separate misconduct.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a referee be sued for a player’s injury during a game?", "When is a sports official protected from liability?", "What must a plaintiff prove to hold a sports official liable?", "What counts as gross negligence for a sports official?", "Are sports officials liable for missing a call or failing to enforce rules?", "Can a sponsoring organization be sued for an official’s mistake?", "Does this law apply to amateur and interscholastic competitions?", "Are rodeo and livestock show officials covered by the same rules?", "Is a sports official liable for intentional misconduct?", "What types of sports are covered by this statute?", "Can a school or club be held responsible for a referee’s error?", "What is considered an inherent risk in a sport under this law?" ], "issue_tags": [ "sports-official-immunity", "sponsoring-organization-liability", "gross-negligence", "tort-protection", "athletic-injury" ], "synonyms": [ "sports official liability protection", "officials and sponsors immunity", "athletic competition tort shield", "referee liability statute", "Texas sports official immunity law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "95", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 95. PROPERTY OWNER'S LIABILITY FOR ACTS OF INDEPENDENT CONTRACTORS AND AMOUNT OF RECOVERY", "url": "/statutes/CP/95.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/95.json", "summary": "This chapter explains when a commercial property owner can be held responsible for personal injury, death, or property damage caused by an independent contractor’s work on the property. It limits liability unless the owner controls how the work is done and knew about a danger but failed to warn. It also tells courts to subtract any workers’ compensation benefits paid to the injured party from the final award, unless those benefits have been waived.", "questions_answered": [ "When can a commercial property owner be sued for an injury caused by an independent contractor?", "What must a property owner do to avoid liability for a contractor’s work?", "Does a property owner have to warn about known hazards when hiring a contractor?", "Can a property owner be held liable if they only order the work to start or stop?", "How are workers’ compensation benefits treated in a lawsuit against a property owner or contractor?", "What types of claims are covered by this chapter?", "Does this law apply to injuries to the contractor’s own employees?", "What does ‘control over the manner the work is performed’ mean for liability?", "If a property owner knew about a dangerous condition, what are they required to do?", "Are property owners automatically responsible for all damages caused by contractors?" ], "issue_tags": [ "property-owner-liability", "independent-contractor", "workers-comp-deduction", "personal-injury", "commercial-property" ], "synonyms": [ "owner liability for contractor acts", "property owner responsibility for independent contractor work", "commercial property owner tort liability", "liability of property owners for contractor negligence", "independent contractor liability rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "95A", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 95A. ACTIONS INVOLVING THE CARRYING OF HANDGUNS ON CERTAIN PROPERTY", "url": "/statutes/CP/95A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/95A.json", "summary": "This chapter says that if a business or property owner does not display the required sign or notice that they forbid handguns, that fact cannot be used as evidence in a civil lawsuit about an injury that happened on the property. It also means you cannot base a lawsuit on the lack of such a sign against the property owner or manager.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue a store if they didn’t put up a sign saying guns aren’t allowed and I was hurt there?", "Does the absence of a handgun‑prohibition sign help me win a personal‑injury case?", "Is a business liable for an injury because they failed to post a ‘no guns’ notice?", "Can I use the fact that a property didn’t have a handgun sign as evidence in court?", "What evidence is allowed when I claim a property should have banned handguns?", "Does not posting a handgun restriction sign create a cause of action against the owner?", "If a property owner chose not to forbid handguns, can that decision be used against them in a lawsuit?", "Are there any civil penalties for not displaying the required handgun notice?", "Do I need to prove a business ignored a handgun‑restriction sign to win a tort claim?", "What legal effect does a missing ‘no handgun’ sign have on a personal‑injury claim?" ], "issue_tags": [ "handgun-signage", "civil-liability", "tort-evidence", "property-owner-responsibility", "texas-civil-law" ], "synonyms": [ "handgun prohibition notice rule", "failure to post handgun sign law", "Texas handgun signage statute", "civil action for missing gun ban sign" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "96", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 96. FALSE DISPARAGEMENT OF PERISHABLE FOOD PRODUCTS", "url": "/statutes/CP/96.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/96.json", "summary": "This chapter makes it illegal to spread false statements that a fresh food product is unsafe for people to eat when the speaker knows the statements are false. It lets the food producer sue for damages caused by those false statements. Whether the information is false is judged by looking at reliable scientific evidence. The rule does not apply to claims about how the food was grown, such as whether it is organic or uses certain chemicals.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I be sued for saying a fruit or vegetable is unsafe if I didn't verify the facts?", "What kind of food products does this law protect?", "Do false claims about a food's safety have to be made publicly to be illegal?", "What must I know about a statement to be held liable under this law?", "Can a producer recover damages if someone spreads false safety warnings about their product?", "How do courts decide if a safety claim about food is false?", "Are statements about a product being organic or chemical‑free covered by this law?", "Does this law apply to labeling as well as advertising?", "What defenses are available if I unintentionally spread a false safety claim?", "Is there a time limit for a producer to sue over false safety statements?" ], "issue_tags": [ "false-disparagement", "perishable-food", "product-safety", "defamation", "consumer-protection", "marketing-claims" ], "synonyms": [ "false disparagement of perishable food", "food safety defamation", "false claims about fresh produce", "perishable food product slander", "misleading safety statements about food" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "97", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 97. LIABILITY OF PERSONS PROVIDING SERVICES FOR A GOVERNMENTAL UNIT", "url": "/statutes/CP/97.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/97.json", "summary": "This chapter sets limits on when certain government‑related service providers can be held liable for injuries, property damage, or death. It protects correctional facilities and their staff, state highway contractors, and construction monitoring consultants from lawsuits unless they were grossly negligent or knowingly participated in the harmful act. The protections apply only when the parties followed contract requirements or were not directly involved in the wrongdoing.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue a prison guard if an inmate harms someone?", "Is a Texas Department of Transportation road contractor liable for accidents that happen on the road they built?", "What happens if a highway contractor follows the contract but a driver is injured on the road?", "Are construction inspectors for state projects protected from lawsuits?", "When can a government‑service provider be held responsible for personal injury or death?", "Does a correctional officer lose immunity if they help an inmate commit a crime?", "What does “gross negligence” mean for a contractor or inspector under this law?", "Do I have a claim against a DOT engineer who only monitored a construction project?", "Can a private contractor be sued if they complied with all contract documents but an accident still occurs?", "Are there any circumstances where a highway contractor’s liability is not limited?" ], "issue_tags": [ "government-liability", "tort-immunity", "correctional-facilities", "highway-construction", "inspection-services", "gross-negligence" ], "synonyms": [ "government service provider liability", "prison staff immunity", "DOT contractor liability shield", "construction monitoring liability protection", "state agency tort protection" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "98", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 98. LIABILITY FOR TRAFFICKING OF PERSONS", "url": "/statutes/CP/98.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/98.json", "summary": "This chapter lets victims of human trafficking file civil lawsuits against traffickers, their businesses, and even shareholders who helped the scheme. It provides for recovery of actual damages, mental anguish, court costs, attorney fees, and possibly punitive damages, and allows victims to keep their identity confidential in court. Defendants are jointly and severally liable, meaning each can be responsible for the full amount of damages.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a victim of human trafficking sue the trafficker for civil damages?", "What types of compensation can a trafficking victim receive in a civil case?", "Do I need a criminal conviction to bring a civil lawsuit for trafficking?", "Can a business entity be held liable for trafficking activities?", "Are shareholders or members personally liable if they used the company for trafficking?", "Can I keep my name and personal information private during a trafficking lawsuit?", "Will I be able to recover attorney’s fees if I win a trafficking case?", "Are multiple traffickers jointly responsible for the total damages owed to the victim?", "Can I also pursue other legal remedies in addition to this civil claim?", "What is meant by joint and several liability in trafficking cases?", "Is mental anguish considered a recoverable damage in a trafficking lawsuit?", "Can a corporation be sued directly for human trafficking?" ], "issue_tags": [ "human-trafficking", "civil-liability", "damages", "confidential-identity", "joint-and-several", "shareholder-liability" ], "synonyms": [ "civil remedy for trafficking", "human trafficking civil action", "trafficking victim lawsuit", "civil liability for human trafficking", "trafficking damages statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "98A", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 98A. LIABILITY FOR COMPELLED PROSTITUTION AND CERTAIN PROMOTION OF PROSTITUTION", "url": "/statutes/CP/98A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/98A.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a civil cause of action for people who have been forced into prostitution. It lets victims sue anyone who compelled them, promoted prostitution, or placed ads that led to the compulsion, and it allows recovery of actual damages, mental anguish, court costs, attorney’s fees, and possibly punitive damages. The law also says that relationships, prior voluntary prostitution, or payment do not shield a defendant, and liability can be joint and several with other defendants.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue someone who forced me to engage in prostitution?", "Am I allowed to sue a website or advertiser that promoted prostitution and caused me to be forced?", "Does being a family member or having a prior consensual relationship with the person who forced me stop me from suing?", "Can I recover money for emotional distress caused by forced prostitution?", "Will I get my attorney’s fees if I win a civil case for forced prostitution?", "Can a person who paid me for prostitution be held liable for the compulsion?", "Is a defendant who placed an advertisement that led to my forced prostitution liable?", "Can multiple people be sued together for the same forced prostitution incident?", "Are there any defenses that protect a defendant if the victim had previously engaged in prostitution voluntarily?", "Can I receive punitive (exemplary) damages in addition to actual damages?", "Does this law apply to online ads that promote prostitution?", "If I tried to escape but was unable, does that affect my ability to sue?" ], "issue_tags": [ "civil-liability", "forced-prostitution", "advertising-liability", "victim-compensation", "tort-law", "online-promotion" ], "synonyms": [ "civil remedy for compelled prostitution", "tort claim for forced prostitution", "liability for prostitution promotion", "civil action for victims of forced prostitution", "Texas forced prostitution civil liability" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "98B", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 98B. UNLAWFUL PRODUCTION, SOLICITATION, DISCLOSURE, OR PROMOTION OF INTIMATE VISUAL MATERIAL", "url": "/statutes/CP/98B.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/98B.json", "summary": "This chapter makes it illegal to create, share, or promote intimate visual material—such as photos or videos showing private parts or sexual activity—without the person's consent, especially when done to cause harm. It lets victims sue for damages, obtain court orders to stop the material, and requires online platforms to remove such content quickly and provide a clear removal request system. The law also holds website owners, AI app creators, and payment processors liable if they knowingly or recklessly facilitate the production or distribution of non‑consensual intimate images.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue someone for posting a fake nude or sexual image of me online?", "What can I do if an AI program creates a deepfake image that looks like me in a private setting?", "Are website owners responsible if non‑consensual intimate images appear on their platform?", "How quickly must a social media site remove intimate images after I ask them to?", "What damages can I recover if my private images are shared without my permission?", "Do I need to prove the person who posted the image intended to harm me?", "Can I get a court order to stop someone from continuing to share my intimate visual material?", "What is considered “consent” for intimate images under Texas law?", "Are there any penalties for platforms that fail to provide a removal request system?", "How long do I have to file a lawsuit after discovering a non‑consensual intimate image?", "Does this law apply to AI‑generated images that look like me?", "Can I keep my identity confidential when suing over intimate visual material?" ], "issue_tags": [ "non-consensual-deepfake", "intimate-image-abuse", "online-privacy", "ai-generated-content", "civil-remedies", "website-liability" ], "synonyms": [ "non-consensual pornography law", "deepfake victim protection", "intimate visual material statute", "AI-generated intimate image law", "revenge porn law texas" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "98C", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 98C. LIABILITY FOR ONLINE IMPERSONATION", "url": "/statutes/CP/98C.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/98C.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a civil cause of action when someone uses another person's name, voice, signature, or likeness on a social‑media site without permission and does so to harm, defraud, intimidate, or threaten the person. Victims can recover actual and exemplary damages, attorney’s fees, and can ask the court for injunctions to stop the impersonation. The rule does not apply to law‑enforcement investigations and does not hold the platform itself liable for the user’s content, and it excludes satire or parody.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue someone who pretended to be me on a social‑media platform?", "What can I do if someone uses my likeness online without my permission?", "Are there civil damages for identity theft on the internet?", "Can I get a court order to stop a fake profile that’s harming me?", "Does this law apply to police investigations of online crimes?", "Will the social‑media site be liable for a user’s impersonation?", "Is a parody or satire of my image protected from a lawsuit?", "What types of compensation can I recover if I’m impersonated online?", "Do I have to prove actual financial loss to win a case for online impersonation?", "Can I recover the profits a fraudster made from using my identity?" ], "issue_tags": [ "online-impersonation", "civil-tort", "social-media", "identity-theft", "damages", "injunctive-relief" ], "synonyms": [ "online impersonation liability", "digital identity theft tort", "social media impersonation law", "civil remedy for fake profiles", "online identity misappropriation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "99", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 99. LIABILITY FOR MANUFACTURE OF METHAMPHETAMINE", "url": "/statutes/CP/99.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/99.json", "summary": "This chapter makes anyone who manufactures methamphetamine automatically responsible for any personal injury, death, property damage, or exposure caused by the production, even if they haven’t been criminally convicted. It sets a minimum $20,000 payment for each exposure incident, allows full joint and several liability with other defendants, and removes caps on punitive damages and other tort rules that would otherwise limit recovery.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue a meth lab owner for injuries even if they were never convicted of a crime?", "What damages can I recover if my property was contaminated by a methamphetamine manufacturing operation?", "Is there a guaranteed minimum amount I can receive for each exposure to a meth lab’s chemicals?", "Are multiple people involved in a meth lab jointly responsible for the total damages?", "Does Texas limit punitive damages in lawsuits against meth manufacturers?", "Do I have to prove negligence to get compensation from a meth producer?", "Can I claim compensation for a family member’s death caused by a meth lab?", "Does this law override other tort statutes when suing a meth manufacturer?", "What types of injuries or losses are covered by the strict liability rule for meth production?", "Are waste products from meth manufacturing included in the damages claim?" ], "issue_tags": [ "methamphetamine-manufacture", "strict-liability", "personal-injury", "property-damage", "joint-and-several", "punitive-damages", "exposure", "civil-liability" ], "synonyms": [ "Meth lab liability statute", "Texas methamphetamine manufacturing liability", "Strict liability for meth production", "Methamphetamine civil damages law", "Meth lab civil liability chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "100", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 100. USE OF FORCE IN DEFENSE OF COMMERCIAL NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS", "url": "/statutes/CP/100.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/100.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a special defense for civil lawsuits that claim personal injury or death when the defendant was using force while protecting a commercial nuclear power plant. It shields the employee, their employer, or the plant owner from liability if the force was justified under criminal law. The defense applies only when the incident is linked to duties defined in the criminal procedure code.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a nuclear power plant worker be sued for injuries if they used force while defending the plant?", "Does an employer of a nuclear plant employee have protection from civil damages when the employee used force?", "What legal defense is available if a commercial nuclear plant owner is sued for a death that occurred during a security incident?", "When does the use‑of‑force defense apply to civil tort claims involving a nuclear facility?", "Is the affirmative defense limited to actions covered by the criminal procedure code?", "Can a civil plaintiff overcome the force‑defense if the force was not justified under criminal law?", "Does this law protect contractors or only plant employees?", "What types of damages are covered by this defense (personal injury, death, etc.)?", "How does the defense interact with other Texas tort statutes?", "Will a court consider the justification of force under the Penal Code when evaluating a civil case?" ], "issue_tags": [ "affirmative-defense", "nuclear-plant", "use-of-force", "civil-liability", "tort-law" ], "synonyms": [ "Use of Force in Defense of Commercial Nuclear Power Plants", "Nuclear Plant Force Defense Statute", "Civil Liability Defense for Nuclear Facility Employees", "Affirmative Defense for Nuclear Plant Security Actions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "100A", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 100A. LIMITED LIABILITY FOR SPACE FLIGHT ACTIVITIES", "url": "/statutes/CP/100A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/100A.json", "summary": "This chapter gives Texas space flight companies limited protection from lawsuits for testing, launching, re‑entering, and landing activities. It requires participants to sign a written warning agreement that says the company isn’t liable for injuries or death, except when the injury is caused by the company’s gross negligence or intentional wrongdoing. The law also blocks nuisance and injunctive claims, but it does not affect contract disputes over land or actions by government agencies.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a space tourism company be sued if I get hurt during a flight in Texas?", "Do I have to sign a waiver before participating in a space flight?", "What must the participant agreement say to be enforceable?", "Is the company still liable if my injury is caused by its gross negligence?", "Can I get a court order to stop a launch or re‑entry that I think is unsafe?", "Are property owners liable for space flight activities that happen on their land?", "Does the liability protection apply to testing and launch preparation as well as the flight itself?", "What happens to a claim if a space flight participant dies?", "Can a contractor or subcontractor waive claims against a space flight entity under this law?", "Do I need a federal FAA license for the space flight activities covered by this chapter?", "Are there any situations where the liability limitation does not apply?", "Can a state or federal agency sue a space flight entity for violating regulations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "limited-liability", "space-flight", "waiver-agreement", "participant-injury", "nuisance", "injunctive-relief", "federal-aviation" ], "synonyms": [ "Spaceflight liability waiver", "Space flight participant agreement", "Texas space activity liability protection", "Spaceflight limited liability statute", "Spaceflight participant injury waiver" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "100B", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 100B. LIABILITY FOR FRAUDULENT CROWDFUNDING", "url": "/statutes/CP/100B.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/100B.json", "summary": "This chapter defines fraudulent crowdfunding as taking donations meant for a donee and keeping them. It makes anyone who does this personally liable to the donee or the donee’s estate. Courts must award the donee 125% of the stolen donations plus reasonable attorney’s fees, and the donee can also seek punitive damages.", "questions_answered": [ "What is fraudulent crowdfunding?", "Can I sue someone who kept donations that were supposed to go to a charity or individual?", "What does Texas law say about people who steal money from a crowdfunding campaign?", "What damages can I recover if my donations were fraudulently taken?", "Do I get my original donation back plus extra money?", "Are attorney’s fees covered if I win a case for fraudulent crowdfunding?", "Can I also ask for punitive damages in a crowdfunding fraud case?", "Does the law protect the estate of a deceased donee from crowdfunding fraud?", "How is “fraudulent crowdfunding” different from a simple mistake in handling donations?", "What court remedies are available for victims of crowdfunding fraud?" ], "issue_tags": [ "fraudulent-crowdfunding", "donation-theft", "tort-liability", "civil-remedies", "damages", "attorney-fees", "exemplary-damages" ], "synonyms": [ "crowdfunding fraud liability", "donor fraud statute", "fraudulent donation law", "crowdfunding theft", "donation fraud remedies", "fraudulent fundraising liability" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "100B.v2", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 100B. LIABILITY FOR FINANCIAL EXPLOITATION", "url": "/statutes/CP/100B.v2.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/100B.v2.json", "summary": "This chapter lets people sue anyone who knowingly spreads AI‑created fake media or phishing messages that aim to steal money. It provides for damages, court costs, and the ability to stop further distribution, and it allows the state to impose daily civil penalties on offenders. The law also lets victims keep their real identities private in court and protects internet and broadcast service providers from liability for the content.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue someone for sending me a deepfake video that tries to get my money?", "What can I do if I receive a phishing email that leads to financial loss?", "Am I allowed to keep my name hidden when I bring a lawsuit about fake media?", "Can I get my attorney’s fees back if I win a case against a fraudster using AI‑generated content?", "What kind of damages can I recover for mental anguish caused by deceptive AI media?", "Is the state able to fine a person who repeatedly spreads fake videos for financial gain?", "Does this law protect internet service providers from being sued for hosting fraudulent content?", "Can a court issue an injunction to stop someone from further distributing a phishing message?", "What is the maximum daily civil penalty for knowingly spreading AI‑generated fraud?", "Do I need to prove the defendant’s profit from the fake media to recover damages?" ], "issue_tags": [ "financial-exploitation", "ai-generated-media", "phishing", "civil-penalties", "confidential-identity", "tort-liability" ], "synonyms": [ "financial exploitation liability", "AI deepfake fraud", "phishing civil remedy", "artificially generated media liability", "digital fraud tort" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "100D", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 100D. LIABILITY FOR MALICIOUS SOLICITATION DURING DISASTER", "url": "/statutes/CP/100D.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/100D.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a civil cause of action against anyone who illegally solicits charitable donations during a disaster. It lets the harmed charity, its estate, the donor, or the donor’s estate sue for triple the amount taken, attorney fees, and possibly punitive damages. The goal is to deter and punish fraud in emergency fundraising.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue someone who collected my donation during a natural disaster?", "What damages can a charity recover if a fundraiser stole its donations in an emergency?", "Am I entitled to triple the amount I gave if a fraudster used my money for a disaster campaign?", "Do donors have a right to sue a malicious fundraiser after a hurricane?", "What legal remedies exist for fraud in disaster fundraising?", "Can a donor’s estate recover money if the donor died before suing?", "Are attorney’s fees recoverable in a disaster solicitation fraud case?", "Is exemplary (punitive) damages available for disaster donation scams?", "Who can be held liable if a person solicits money on behalf of a charity during a crisis?", "What is considered “malicious solicitation” during a disaster under Texas law?" ], "issue_tags": [ "malicious-solicitation", "disaster-donations", "civil-liability", "tort-damages", "donor-protection", "charitable-fraud" ], "synonyms": [ "disaster donation fraud", "charitable solicitation fraud in emergencies", "malicious solicitation during a disaster", "emergency fundraising scam liability" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "101", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 101. TORT CLAIMS", "url": "/statutes/CP/101.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/101.json", "summary": "The Texas Tort Claims Act lets individuals sue state and local government agencies for certain injuries or property damage caused by employees acting within their job duties. It sets damage caps, defines which government functions are covered, and outlines notice, filing, and settlement rules. The law also lists many exceptions where the government is immune, such as legislative acts, discretionary functions, and certain intentional torts.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue a city or county for injuries caused by a municipal employee?", "What types of government actions are covered by the Texas Tort Claims Act?", "How much can I recover in damages from a state agency under this law?", "Do I have to give notice before filing a claim against a government unit?", "Are police or fire department actions covered by the Tort Claims Act?", "What exceptions prevent me from suing a government agency for a claim?", "Can I sue a state university for property damage caused by its employees?", "Does the law allow me to sue a government employee personally?", "What is the difference between governmental and proprietary functions for liability?", "How does the law treat claims involving emergency service organizations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "tort-claims", "governmental-liability", "damage-limits", "notice-requirements", "exceptions", "municipal-functions", "insurance" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Tort Claims Act", "Chapter 101", "Civil Practice and Remedies Code Chapter 101", "Texas government liability statute", "Tort claims against government" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "102", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 102. TORT CLAIMS PAYMENTS BY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS", "url": "/statutes/CP/102.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/102.json", "summary": "This chapter explains when a Texas local government (like a city or county) can pay money for a lawsuit against one of its employees. It sets out that the government can cover damages for negligence that happen while the employee is doing their job, but not for official misconduct or gross negligence, and it caps the amounts it can pay. The chapter also allows the government to provide legal counsel for the employee and removes the need for bonds in these cases.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a city or county pay the damages I was awarded in a lawsuit against a government employee?", "What types of employee actions are covered by the local government's payment of tort claims?", "Are damages for official misconduct or gross negligence ever paid by the local government?", "What is the maximum amount a local government can pay for personal injury, death, or property damage?", "Does the local government have to provide a bond or security for court costs in these cases?", "Can the local government use its own lawyers to defend an employee in a lawsuit?", "What happens if the employee’s liability is covered by insurance or a self‑insurance plan?", "Are there any exceptions that allow the government to pay damages for actions like guardianship?", "Do the payment limits change if the claim involves a single occurrence versus multiple claims?", "How does this chapter interact with the broader Texas Tort Claims Act?" ], "issue_tags": [ "local-government-liability", "tort-claims", "damage-payment-limits", "employee-negligence", "government-legal-representation" ], "synonyms": [ "Local government tort claims payments", "Municipal employee liability", "Government employee tort liability", "Texas local government tort payment rules", "Chapter 102 civil practice and remedies" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "102A", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 102A. MUNICIPAL AND COUNTY LIABILITY FOR CERTAIN REGULATION", "url": "/statutes/CP/102A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/102A.json", "summary": "This chapter lets individuals sue a city, county, or related health district when a local ordinance, order, or rule harms them and conflicts with certain state statutes. It explains who can bring a claim, the remedies available (like court orders and attorney fees), the notice that must be given before filing, and the proper venue for the lawsuit. It also limits government immunity for these types of cases.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue my city or county if a local ordinance injures me?", "What kinds of local rules can be challenged under this law?", "Do I have to give notice to the municipality before filing a lawsuit?", "What relief can I get if I win a case against a local government?", "Which state statutes must the local ordinance violate for me to have standing?", "Where should I file a lawsuit against a municipality or county?", "Does this chapter apply to public health districts created by municipalities or counties?", "Can a trade association bring a claim on my behalf against a local government?", "What happens if the court finds my claim to be frivolous?", "Can a city claim immunity from my lawsuit under this chapter?", "How many months in advance must I send notice of my claim?", "Can I recover attorney’s fees if I prevail in the action?" ], "issue_tags": [ "municipal-liability", "county-liability", "local-regulation", "government-immunity", "civil-suits", "notice-requirements", "venue" ], "synonyms": [ "municipal and county liability for regulation", "local government liability", "governmental immunity waiver", "municipal liability chapter", "county liability chapter", "local ordinance lawsuit", "government regulation claims" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "103", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 103. COMPENSATION TO PERSONS WRONGFULLY IMPRISONED", "url": "/statutes/CP/103.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/103.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a state program that pays money and provides health and education benefits to people who were jailed in Texas but later proven innocent, such as through a full pardon, a successful habeas corpus petition, or a court dismissal. It explains who can receive compensation, how to apply, how the payment amounts are calculated, and the rules for annuity options, health coverage, tuition assistance, and fee restrictions. It also details when payments stop, like if the recipient is later convicted of a felony.", "questions_answered": [ "Am I eligible for compensation if I received a full pardon because I was innocent?", "Can I get compensation if a court granted me a writ of habeas corpus finding I was actually innocent?", "What if my case was dismissed because the prosecutor said there was no credible evidence—does that qualify me for compensation?", "How long do I have to file a claim for compensation after my pardon or habeas corpus relief?", "What documents do I need to submit to apply for compensation?", "How is the amount of compensation calculated for the years I was in prison?", "Can I choose to receive my compensation as a monthly annuity instead of a lump‑sum payment?", "What health insurance coverage is available to me and my family after I’m released?", "Can I use this program to pay for college tuition or other education costs?", "What happens to my compensation if I die before receiving all the payments?", "Are there any restrictions on attorneys charging fees for helping me file a claim?", "Will my compensation stop if I am later convicted of a felony?" ], "issue_tags": [ "wrongful-imprisonment", "compensation", "annuity-options", "eligibility", "health-benefits", "tuition-assistance", "fee-restrictions" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas wrongful imprisonment compensation", "Texas innocent imprisonment restitution", "Texas exonerated prisoner benefits", "Texas compensation for wrongful conviction" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "104", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 104. STATE LIABILITY FOR CONDUCT OF PUBLIC SERVANTS", "url": "/statutes/CP/104.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/104.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you when the state will pay for damages, court costs, and attorney fees for employees, board members, doctors, and other officials who act in their official capacity. It sets the types of conduct that qualify, the maximum amounts the state will cover, and how the Attorney General must defend and possibly settle those claims. It also explains special rules for waste‑manifest signers and allows agencies to buy liability insurance for their leaders.", "questions_answered": [ "Will the state cover my legal fees if I am sued for negligence while working for a state agency?", "What kinds of actions by a state employee or contractor can the state be required to indemnify?", "Are former state employees or board members protected by the state's liability coverage?", "How much money can the state pay for a personal injury claim against a public servant?", "Does the state have to pay for damages caused by signing a hazardous waste manifest?", "Can a state agency purchase directors and officers liability insurance for its leaders?", "What is the process for getting the Attorney General to defend me in a lawsuit?", "Are there limits on the amount the state will reimburse for property damage claims?", "Will the state pay my attorney fees if I am charged with a crime that is later dismissed?", "Do I need to serve the Attorney General with the lawsuit papers for the state to be liable?" ], "issue_tags": [ "state-liability", "public-servant-indemnification", "government-immunity", "attorney-general-defense", "damage-limits", "waste-manifest-liability", "directors-officers-insurance" ], "synonyms": [ "state indemnification of public employees", "government liability for officials", "public servant defense statute", "state coverage for employee negligence", "officials' indemnity provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "105", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 105. FRIVOLOUS CLAIM OR REGULATORY ACTION BY STATE AGENCY", "url": "/statutes/CP/105.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/105.json", "summary": "This chapter lets anyone sued by a state agency recover up to $1 million in attorney fees, witness costs, and other expenses if the agency’s claim is found to be frivolous. It requires the defendant to file a written motion stating why the claim is frivolous, and the agency must pay the costs from its own funds. The same fee‑recovery rule also applies to frivolous regulatory actions reviewed under the contested‑case process.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I get my attorney fees back if a state agency sues me with a baseless claim?", "What is the maximum amount I can recover for costs when a state agency’s lawsuit is frivolous?", "Do I need to file a special motion to claim fees for a frivolous claim by a state agency?", "When can I ask the court to award me fees for a frivolous regulatory action?", "What types of expenses are covered under the fee‑recovery rule against a state agency?", "Does the state agency have to pay the fees from its own budget?", "Can I recover expert witness fees if the agency’s claim is frivolous?", "Is there a deadline for filing the motion to recover fees in a case against a state agency?", "What happens if the court finds the agency’s claim is not frivolous?", "Are the fee‑recovery rules the same for civil suits and contested‑case reviews?" ], "issue_tags": [ "frivolous-claims", "state-agency-liability", "fee-recovery", "attorney-fees", "regulatory-action", "civil-litigation" ], "synonyms": [ "frivolous claim fee recovery", "state agency frivolous lawsuit", "government liability fee award", "frivolous regulatory action costs", "civil practice fee reimbursement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "106", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 106. DISCRIMINATION BECAUSE OF RACE, RELIGION, COLOR, SEX, OR NATIONAL ORIGIN", "url": "/statutes/CP/106.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/106.json", "summary": "This chapter stops Texas state officials and local government employees from treating people unfairly because of race, religion, color, sex, or national origin when issuing licenses, permits, contracts, benefits, or access to public facilities and programs. It lets people sue for injunctions or other court orders if they face or anticipate discrimination, and it sets misdemeanor penalties for violations. The law also clarifies that certain claims against the Texas Department of Criminal Justice are not covered.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a state employee refuse to give me a driver's license because of my race?", "Is it illegal for a local government official to deny me a business permit based on my religion?", "What can I do if I think a state agency is about to cancel my professional license due to my sex?", "Am I allowed to sue a state office for discrimination if they block my access to a public park?", "Can I get a court order to stop a state department from refusing me a contract because I am a minority-owned business?", "What penalties could a state employee face for knowingly discriminating against me?", "Do I have to pay the state's attorney fees if I win a discrimination lawsuit against a state agency?", "Are there any exceptions for public schools when they try to end discriminatory practices?", "Does this law apply to the Texas Department of Criminal Justice if I am incarcerated there?", "Can a state program that favors women‑owned businesses be challenged under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "discrimination", "civil-rights", "state-liability", "preventive-relief", "misdemeanor-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas anti-discrimination statute", "Section 106 discrimination law", "State official discrimination prohibition", "Civil Practice and Remedies Code Chapter 106" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "107", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 107. PERMISSION TO SUE THE STATE", "url": "/statutes/CP/107.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/107.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out how a person can obtain a resolution that allows them to sue the state of Texas or its agencies. It spells out the conditions that must be met, such as filing the suit within two years, serving the attorney general, and the limits on damages and defenses. The state keeps its immunity except for the permission granted, and the rules apply only as written in this chapter.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I get permission to sue the state of Texas?", "What is the deadline for filing a lawsuit after receiving permission?", "Do I have to serve the attorney general when I sue the state?", "Can I recover punitive or exemplary damages in a suit against the state?", "Does suing the state waive its sovereign immunity or other defenses?", "Can I bring a lawsuit against the state in federal court?", "Can a resolution limit the type of relief I can receive?", "Can a resolution add extra conditions I must follow in my lawsuit?", "What defenses does the state retain when I sue it?", "Does this chapter affect other laws that waive state immunity?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-government-immunity", "suing-the-state", "civil-suit-permission", "sovereign-immunity", "legal-procedures" ], "synonyms": [ "Permission to sue the state", "State lawsuit authorization", "Grant of permission to sue Texas", "Resolution to sue state agencies", "Suing the state authorization" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "108", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 108. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR PUBLIC SERVANTS", "url": "/statutes/CP/108.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/108.json", "summary": "This chapter caps a public servant’s personal liability at $100,000 for personal injury, death, rights violations, and property damage, unless the case involves federal law. The limit applies only when the servant is covered by state or local indemnification, insurance, or interlocal agreements. It does not affect the state’s or local government’s own liability and excludes independent contractors. It also shields officials from liability for damages caused by a computer date failure.", "questions_answered": [ "How much can I recover from a city employee if I’m injured because of their actions?", "Are public officials personally liable for damages that exceed $100,000?", "Does the $100,000 cap apply to property damage caused by a government worker?", "What happens if my lawsuit is based on a federal law or the U.S. Constitution?", "Do I need to show that the public servant had insurance or indemnification before suing?", "Does the liability limit include doctors who work in a city‑run hospital?", "Are independent contractors or their employees covered by this liability limit?", "What if the damage was caused by a computer date error on a government system?", "Can a local government still be required to indemnify a public servant even if the cap is reached?", "Does this chapter affect the state’s own responsibility to pay claims against it?" ], "issue_tags": [ "liability-limits", "public-servants", "indemnification", "personal-injury", "property-damage", "federal-exception", "computer-errors" ], "synonyms": [ "public servant liability limitation", "government employee liability cap", "officials personal liability limit", "state employee damages cap", "public official indemnification rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "109", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 109. APPROPRIATIONS FOR PAYMENT OF CLAIMS AGAINST STATE AGENCIES", "url": "/statutes/CP/109.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/109.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out how Texas funds are allocated and used to pay claims against state agencies, requiring that money come from special funds or the general revenue and limiting how much an agency can pay per claim or per year. It also requires agencies to report paid claims and lists specific types of claims that are excluded from these rules, such as those involving health care, universities, law enforcement, or corrections agencies.", "questions_answered": [ "How does the state pay a lawsuit or claim against a state agency?", "Can the legislature allocate money to cover a claim that the state is liable for because of a state agency’s actions?", "What sources of money can be used to pay claims against state agencies?", "Are there limits on how much a state agency can pay for a single claim?", "Is there a yearly cap on the total amount a state agency can spend on claims?", "What reporting requirements do state agencies have after they pay a claim?", "Which types of claims are excluded from these payment rules?", "Can a state employee or board member be indemnified for actions taken while working for a state agency?", "What happens if the special fund doesn’t have enough money to cover a claim?", "Who notifies a state agency about claims that the comptroller has paid on its behalf?" ], "issue_tags": [ "governmental-liability", "state-claims", "appropriations", "indemnification", "reporting-requirements", "exceptions" ], "synonyms": [ "State agency claim payment rules", "Appropriation rules for state agency claims", "Governmental liability funding provisions", "Texas claim payment appropriation chapter", "State agency indemnification guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "110", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 110. RELIGIOUS FREEDOM", "url": "/statutes/CP/110.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/110.json", "summary": "This chapter protects a person's free exercise of religion from being substantially burdened by any government action, unless the government can prove a compelling interest and that the action is the least restrictive way to achieve it. It bars orders that close places of worship, requires notice before suing, and provides remedies such as injunctions, limited damages, and attorney's fees.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a state or local government close a church or other place of worship?", "What can I do if a city ordinance or rule interferes with my religious practices?", "Do I have to give notice to a government agency before filing a lawsuit for religious discrimination?", "What types of relief can I get if a government agency burdens my free exercise of religion?", "Is there a limit on the amount of money I can recover for damages under this law?", "How long do I have to file a claim after I learn my religious rights were burdened?", "Does this law apply to zoning, land use, or historic preservation decisions made by municipalities?", "Can a government agency deny a benefit or grant because of my religious beliefs?", "Can I use this chapter as a defense in a criminal or civil case?", "Does this statute affect tax‑exempt status or government grants to religious organizations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "religious-freedom", "government-liability", "place-of-worship", "notice-requirement", "injunctive-relief", "damage-limit", "civil-rights" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Religious Freedom Act", "Chapter 110 Religious Freedom", "Religious Freedom Protection Statute", "Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code §110", "Free Exercise Protection Law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "111", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 111. LIMITATION ON SETTLEMENTOF CLAIM OR ACTION AGAINST THE STATE", "url": "/statutes/CP/111.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/111.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for when the Texas state can settle lawsuits that require spending state money. If a settlement would cost more than $10 million in a fiscal biennium or likely cause ongoing expenses, the settlement is void unless the legislature gives its consent through a resolution. The law also defines what counts as a settlement, clarifies that simply appropriating funds isn’t the same as legislative approval, and requires the attorney general to report pending claims that may need legislative consent.", "questions_answered": [ "Can the state settle a lawsuit without the legislature’s approval?", "What dollar amount triggers the need for legislative consent on a settlement?", "Do settlements that will cause future state spending need legislative approval?", "What types of legal actions are covered by this settlement limitation?", "Does a tax refund or penalty fall under this chapter’s rules?", "What form must legislative consent take for a large settlement?", "If a settlement is made without consent, is it automatically void?", "Does an appropriation of funds count as legislative approval of a settlement?", "Who must receive the attorney general’s report on pending claims?", "What is the definition of a “settlement” under this chapter?", "Can a settlement be conditioned on later legislative approval and still be valid?", "When are the attorney general’s settlement reports due?" ], "issue_tags": [ "state-sovereign-immunity", "settlement-approval", "legislative-consent", "government-liability", "settlement-threshold", "attorney-general-report" ], "synonyms": [ "Limitation on Settlement of Claims Against the State", "State Settlement Consent Requirement", "Sovereign Immunity Settlement Limits", "Chapter 111 Settlement Rules", "Texas Settlement Approval Law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "112", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 112. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR GOVERNMENTAL UNITS", "url": "/statutes/CP/112.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/112.json", "summary": "This chapter says that a government entity (like a city or county) cannot be sued for civil damages when a licensed first responder, tactical medical professional, or volunteer emergency services person fires a handgun. The law treats that gun discharge as outside the person's official duties and does not change any other immunity the government may have.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue a city if a police officer or other first responder shoots a gun and injures me?", "Is a government agency protected from liability when a volunteer firefighter fires a handgun?", "Does this law apply to tactical medical professionals who are licensed to carry a gun?", "What does it mean that the gun discharge is 'outside the scope of duties' for emergency responders?", "Are there any situations where a government unit could still be liable for a responder's gun discharge?", "Can I still sue the individual who fired the handgun even if the government is immune?", "Does this limitation of liability cover all types of government units, like school districts or transit authorities?", "How does this rule interact with other government immunity statutes in Texas?", "What definitions does the law use for 'first responder' and 'volunteer emergency services personnel'?", "When did this liability protection become effective?" ], "issue_tags": [ "governmental-immunity", "firearm-discharge", "first-responders", "liability-limitations", "emergency-services" ], "synonyms": [ "government unit liability shield", "first responder gun discharge immunity", "tactical medical professional liability protection", "volunteer emergency services liability limitation", "governmental immunity for handgun use" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "113", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 113. WATER SUPPLY CONTRACT CLAIM AGAINST LOCAL DISTRICT OR AUTHORITY", "url": "/statutes/CP/113.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/113.json", "summary": "This chapter lets people or companies that have a written contract with a Texas water district to supply water for electricity generation sue the district if it fails to provide water as promised. It removes the district's sovereign immunity only for breach‑of‑contract claims, limits the types of damages you can recover, and does not affect other defenses, federal‑court immunity, tort claims, or water‑right issues. The law also restricts who can bring the suit and whether the claim can be transferred to another party.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue a local water district if it doesn’t deliver water under our electricity‑generation contract?", "Does this law let me recover money for the cost of buying water elsewhere if the district breaches the contract?", "Can I get punitive or consequential damages for a water‑supply breach?", "Is the district still immune from lawsuits in federal court?", "Does this statute give me any new water rights or priority over other users?", "Can I assign my breach‑of‑contract claim to another company or person?", "What remedies are available if the district fails to provide water as agreed?", "If a state environmental agency orders the district to cut water to my plant, is that a breach of contract?", "Does this waiver of immunity apply to negligence or other tort claims against the district?", "Who is allowed to bring a lawsuit under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "water-supply-contract", "sovereign-immunity-waiver", "breach-of-contract-remedies", "local-districts", "electricity-generation", "damage-limitations", "assignment-restrictions" ], "synonyms": [ "water supply contract claim", "local district water contract suit", "Texas water district contract litigation", "sovereign immunity waiver for water contracts", "water delivery breach claim" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "114", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 114. ADJUDICATION OF CLAIMS ARISING UNDER WRITTEN CONTRACTS WITH STATE AGENCIES", "url": "/statutes/CP/114.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/114.json", "summary": "This chapter lets contractors sue Texas state agencies for breach of written contracts that involve engineering, architectural, or construction services when the dispute is $250,000 or more. It removes the agency’s sovereign immunity for those specific claims, but caps the damages to the contract balance, change orders, reasonable attorney fees (if the contract allows) and limited interest, while barring punitive or consequential damages. The law also sets where the suit can be filed, how judgments can be paid, and requires agencies to report defense costs.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue a Texas state agency for not paying under a construction contract?", "What kinds of contracts are covered by this law?", "What is the minimum dollar amount for a claim to be allowed under this chapter?", "Does the law let me recover attorney fees and interest on a judgment?", "Are punitive or consequential damages available in a claim against a state agency?", "Where must I file a lawsuit against a state agency under this chapter?", "Can the state use its general revenue funds to satisfy a judgment against it?", "Does this chapter apply to employment contracts with a state agency?", "Can I bring a breach‑of‑contract claim against a state agency in federal court?", "Do contract‑specified dispute‑resolution steps have to be followed before suing?", "What defenses does a state agency still retain despite this waiver of immunity?", "What reporting requirements do state agencies have for these lawsuits?" ], "issue_tags": [ "sovereign-immunity", "contract-breach", "construction-contracts", "damage-limits", "venue", "attorney-fees", "state-agency" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas state agency contract breach statute", "Chapter 114 Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "Adjudication of state agency contract claims", "State agency construction contract litigation rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "116", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 116. SETTLEMENT OF CLAIM OR ACTION AGAINST GOVERNMENTAL UNIT", "url": "/statutes/CP/116.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/116.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for how Texas government entities can settle lawsuits. It bars settlements of $30,000 or more that are paid with tax money, state funds, or tax‑funded insurance proceeds, and it forbids settlement agreements that require the other party to keep the dispute secret. Any settlement that breaks these rules is considered void and cannot be enforced. The chapter does not change other privilege or confidentiality laws.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a Texas city settle a lawsuit for $30,000 or more using tax money?", "Are settlements funded by state money subject to special restrictions?", "Can a government agency require a plaintiff to keep settlement details secret?", "What happens if a settlement includes a nondisclosure clause?", "Is a settlement agreement that violates this chapter enforceable?", "Does this law apply to settlements paid with insurance proceeds that were bought with tax dollars?", "What is the maximum settlement amount a government unit can pay without breaking the law?", "Can a governmental unit settle a claim using non‑tax funds and avoid the restrictions?", "Does this chapter affect information that is already privileged or confidential?", "Are settlements involving less than $30,000 still subject to the nondisclosure rule?" ], "issue_tags": [ "governmental-settlement", "tax-funding-restrictions", "nondisclosure-prohibition", "settlement-voidability", "public-funds", "civil-liability" ], "synonyms": [ "settlement of claims against government", "governmental unit settlement rules", "public entity settlement restrictions", "Texas government settlement limitations", "settlement nondisclosure ban" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "117", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 117. LIABILITY FOR AND INDEMNIFICATION OF CERTAIN CLAIMS RELATING TO ENFORCEMENT OF CERTAIN CRIMINAL OFFENSES INVOLVING ILLEGAL ENTRY INTO THIS STATE", "url": "/statutes/CP/117.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/117.json", "summary": "This chapter shields local and state officials, employees, and contractors from civil lawsuits when they enforce immigration‑related criminal offenses, and it requires the government to pay certain damages and attorney fees if they are sued. Local governments have caps on how much they must pay, while the state has no monetary limit, unless the official acted in bad faith or recklessly. Appeals of these immunity or indemnification cases go straight to the Texas Supreme Court.", "questions_answered": [ "Am I immune from being sued if I enforce immigration laws as a city police officer?", "Will my city have to pay me if I am sued for actions taken while enforcing illegal entry statutes?", "Does the state have to cover my legal fees if I am prosecuted for enforcing immigration offenses?", "What are the monetary limits on indemnification for local government employees?", "Can a local official lose immunity if they act recklessly while enforcing immigration laws?", "Do state officials have any caps on indemnification for actions taken under the penal code?", "Where do I appeal a civil case that challenges my government immunity for immigration enforcement?", "Does this law apply to contractors hired by the city to enforce immigration statutes?", "What types of damages are covered under this chapter?", "Can a court still hold a government official liable for bad‑faith actions despite this immunity?" ], "issue_tags": [ "civil-immunity", "indemnification", "immigration-enforcement", "state-officials", "local-government", "attorney-fees", "bad-faith-exception" ], "synonyms": [ "immigration enforcement immunity", "government official indemnity for illegal entry enforcement", "civil liability protection for law enforcement", "state and local official civil immunity", "indemnification of officials for immigration law actions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "118", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 118. LIABILITY OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS AND PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYEES OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS FOR CERTAIN ACTS OR OMISSIONS", "url": "/statutes/CP/118.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/118.json", "summary": "This chapter lets students and families sue public schools in Texas when a school employee commits sexual misconduct or fails to report suspected child abuse, if the school was grossly negligent, reckless, or intentionally mishandled hiring or supervision. Victims can name both the school and the employee, recover up to $500,000 in actual damages, plus court costs and attorney fees, and the school’s usual immunity is waived for these claims.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue a public school if a teacher sexually assaults my child?", "What happens if a school employee doesn’t report suspected child abuse?", "Is a school liable for the actions of a substitute teacher or bus driver?", "How much money can I recover if a school employee commits sexual misconduct?", "Do I have to name the employee who committed the wrongdoing in my lawsuit?", "Does this law apply to charter schools as well as traditional public schools?", "Can a school claim governmental immunity to avoid paying damages?", "What types of school staff are considered \"professional school employees\" under this law?", "Is the school responsible if it was merely careless, or does it have to be grossly negligent or reckless?", "Are attorney’s fees and court costs covered if I win a case against a public school?" ], "issue_tags": [ "school-liability", "sexual-misconduct", "child-abuse-reporting", "government-immunity", "damages", "public-school" ], "synonyms": [ "public school employee liability", "Texas school misconduct statute", "Chapter 118 school liability", "governmental immunity waiver for schools", "school sexual abuse law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "121", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 121. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND PROOFS OF WRITTEN INSTRUMENTS", "url": "/statutes/CP/121.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/121.json", "summary": "This chapter tells who in Texas can take acknowledgments or proofs of written documents, what they must do, and what forms to use. It sets rules for verifying the signer’s identity, handling corporate and partnership signers, and allowing online notarizations. It also covers how witnesses can prove a document, record‑keeping requirements, and what remedies exist if an officer doesn’t follow the rules.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is allowed to take an acknowledgment or proof of a written instrument in Texas?", "Can a notary public take an acknowledgment for a document that will be recorded in Texas?", "What identification must a notary see to accept a person’s signature?", "Can a corporate employee or officer notarize a document that involves the corporation?", "What are the required forms for a standard acknowledgment and for a short‑form acknowledgment?", "How does an online (remote) notarization work under this chapter?", "What happens if a notary forgets to attach the official seal to the acknowledgment certificate?", "When can a witness be used to prove a deed or other instrument, and what must the witness do?", "What steps must be taken if a witness refuses to appear after being subpoenaed?", "Can I sue an officer for damages if they fail to follow the acknowledgment rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "acknowledgments", "notarization", "identity-verification", "online-notarization", "witness-proof", "corporate-notary", "record-keeping" ], "synonyms": [ "acknowledgment of written instruments", "proof of execution", "Texas notary statutes", "certificate of acknowledgment rules", "document notarization guidelines", "online notarization requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "122", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 122. JUROR'S RIGHT TO REEMPLOYMENT", "url": "/statutes/CP/122.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/122.json", "summary": "This chapter makes it illegal for a private employer to fire, threaten, or otherwise punish a permanent employee because the employee serves on a jury or grand jury. If an employee is wrongfully terminated, they can get their old job back by notifying the employer promptly after service and may receive damages and attorney's fees. The law also sets civil and criminal penalties for violations and allows an employer to defend the action only if the job loss was due to reasons unrelated to jury service.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my employer fire me for serving on a jury or grand jury?", "What steps do I need to take to get my job back after jury duty?", "How much money can I recover if my employer illegally terminates me for jury service?", "Is there a time limit for filing a lawsuit over wrongful termination due to jury duty?", "Can my employer be fined or face criminal charges for firing me because I was a juror?", "Does this protection apply to grand jury service as well as trial jury service?", "What if my position was eliminated while I was on jury duty—can my employer still be held liable?", "Do I have to give my employer notice that I want to return to work after jury service?", "Am I entitled to attorney's fees if I win a case for wrongful termination related to jury duty?", "What defenses can an employer raise if they claim the termination was unrelated to my jury service?" ], "issue_tags": [ "juror-employment-protection", "reinstatement", "damages", "employer-penalties", "notice-requirement", "grand-jury", "criminal-misdemeanor" ], "synonyms": [ "juror reemployment law", "employee protection for jury duty", "jury service employment rights", "Texas juror employment protection", "juror job reinstatement statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "123", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 123. INTERCEPTION OF COMMUNICATION", "url": "/statutes/CP/123.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/123.json", "summary": "This chapter makes it illegal to secretly listen to or record spoken or electronic communications without the consent of the parties, except for normal uses like a telephone, hearing aid, or radio. It lets anyone whose communication was intercepted sue the interceptor, anyone who uses the intercepted information, and certain landlords or carriers who allow it. The law provides remedies such as injunctions, $10,000 statutory damages per act, additional actual and punitive damages, and attorney fees, while allowing limited defenses for carriers and employees acting in the normal course of work.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue someone for secretly listening to my phone call without my permission?", "What kinds of communications are protected from unauthorized listening or recording?", "Are there any exceptions for normal use of phones, hearing aids, radios, or cable systems?", "What damages can I recover if my private conversation was intercepted?", "Can a landlord or building manager be held liable for allowing interception of communications?", "What defenses are available to a telephone operator or carrier who intercepted a call?", "Is it illegal to record a wireless broadcast for personal use?", "How much is the statutory damage award for each illegal interception?", "Can I get a court order to stop further eavesdropping on my communications?", "Does federal wiretap law affect the ability to bring a claim under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "illegal-interception", "privacy-rights", "statutory-damages", "communication-eavesdropping", "injunctions", "defenses" ], "synonyms": [ "wiretap law", "communication interception statute", "Texas interception of communications", "eavesdropping prohibition", "unauthorized listening law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "124", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 124. PRIVILEGE TO INVESTIGATE THEFT", "url": "/statutes/CP/124.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/124.json", "summary": "This chapter lets merchants and others detain someone they reasonably believe is stealing, but also gives them the option to offer a theft‑education program instead of calling police. Merchants must inform the person about the offer, keep detailed records, and cannot discriminate or charge unfair fees. Providers of the program are protected from civil and criminal liability, and completing the program shields the person from further penalties.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a store legally hold me if they think I'm stealing?", "What is a theft education program and how does it work?", "Do I have to admit I stole something to take the program?", "Can a merchant charge me a fee for the theft education program?", "What if I can't afford the fee—are there discounts or scholarships?", "Does the merchant have to tell the police if I take the program?", "What records does a merchant need to keep if they offer the program?", "Are merchants protected from lawsuits if they offer a theft education program?", "Can a police officer or judge also offer a theft education program?", "Will I still face civil or criminal penalties after completing the program?", "How long can a merchant detain me while they investigate?", "Can the program be denied to someone based on race, gender, or other protected characteristics?" ], "issue_tags": [ "theft-education", "merchant-privilege", "detention-rights", "civil-immunity", "non-discrimination", "record-keeping" ], "synonyms": [ "privilege to investigate theft", "theft education program statute", "merchant detention authority", "Texas theft education law", "civil practice theft investigation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "125", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 125. COMMON AND PUBLIC NUISANCES", "url": "/statutes/CP/125.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/125.json", "summary": "This chapter defines what Texas calls a common or public nuisance—places where illegal activities happen or are tolerated, including online sites. It lets the state, local attorneys, and private citizens file lawsuits to stop the nuisance, require bonds, and seek injunctions, damages, and penalties. The law also sets out evidence rules, attorney‑fee awards, and special remedies like appointing a receiver or creating a fund for nuisance abatement. Gangs or terrorist groups that use a location for illegal activity are treated as a public nuisance and can be enjoined by the courts.", "questions_answered": [ "What activities count as a common nuisance under Texas law?", "Can I sue a property owner if illegal acts are happening on their premises?", "Who is allowed to bring a lawsuit to stop a common or public nuisance?", "What remedies can a court order to stop a nuisance, such as injunctions or bonds?", "What penalties apply if someone violates a court order to abate a nuisance?", "Does this law apply to websites or computer networks that facilitate illegal activity?", "How does Texas treat a gang or terrorist organization that uses a place for illegal acts?", "Can a city require a hotel or motel to post a human‑trafficking hotline sign?", "What attorney‑fee and cost recovery options are available in a nuisance case?", "Is there a fund for municipalities to use for ongoing nuisance‑abatement efforts?" ], "issue_tags": [ "common-nuisance", "public-nuisance", "nuisance-abatement", "civil-suit", "gang-activity", "online-nuisance" ], "synonyms": [ "common nuisance law", "public nuisance statutes", "Texas nuisance abatement provisions", "civil nuisance remedies", "gang nuisance provisions", "internet nuisance regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "126", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 126. LOCAL RELIGIOUS CONGREGATIONS", "url": "/statutes/CP/126.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/126.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a court appoint a receiver to take control of a local religious congregation’s property when the congregation has stopped operating for at least a year. The receiver manages, preserves, and may sell the property under court orders, with proceeds used for a congregation of the same faith. It also requires the state to keep an official record of the congregation’s trustees.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a court appoint a receiver for a church that has stopped meeting?", "What can a receiver do with the property of a defunct religious congregation?", "Can someone who isn’t a member of the same faith be appointed as receiver?", "What qualifications must a receiver or receiving organization have?", "How is the sale of a congregation’s property handled and who gets the proceeds?", "Where are the names of a congregation’s trustees recorded?", "Do I need to pay a fee to have trustees recorded with the state?", "Can a congregation change or replace its trustees without court involvement?", "What happens if a congregation cannot be revived in a reasonable time?", "Can a state religious society act as the receiver for a local congregation?" ], "issue_tags": [ "receivership", "religious-congregations", "property-management", "trustee-records", "court-appointment" ], "synonyms": [ "local religious congregation receivership", "church property receivership", "religious congregation trustee record", "court-appointed receiver for churches", "religious organization property handling" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "127", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 127. INDEMNITY PROVISIONS IN CERTAIN MINERAL AGREEMENTS", "url": "/statutes/CP/127.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/127.json", "summary": "This chapter limits the ability of parties in oil, gas, water, or mineral service agreements to shift liability for personal injury, death, or property damage to the other side, especially when negligence is involved. It makes certain indemnity clauses void, sets insurance coverage limits for mutual and unilateral indemnities, and preserves the rights of surface owners to seek indemnity. Joint operating agreements are treated differently and are generally allowed to share costs and losses.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a contract require me to indemnify another party for my own negligence in an oil or gas service agreement?", "What indemnity provisions are prohibited in mineral or well service contracts in Texas?", "Are mutual indemnity clauses allowed in oil, gas, or mineral service agreements?", "What insurance limits apply to unilateral indemnity obligations under this law?", "Do surface owners still have the right to obtain indemnity from operators or contractors?", "Are indemnity clauses that cover pollution or radioactive injury enforceable?", "Does this statute apply to joint operating agreements for mineral development?", "Can an agreement require indemnity for damages caused by a wild well?", "What types of damages are excluded from indemnity under this chapter?", "How does the law treat indemnity obligations that are supported by liability insurance?" ], "issue_tags": [ "indemnity", "oil-gas-well", "mineral-agreements", "insurance-limits", "public-policy", "surface-rights" ], "synonyms": [ "indemnity provisions in mineral contracts", "oil and gas service agreement indemnity rules", "Texas mineral indemnity statute", "indemnity clause restrictions for wells and mines", "minerals indemnity law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "127A", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 127A. DISCLOSURES REGARDING INDEMNIFICATION OBLIGATIONS AND INSURANCE COVERAGE REGARDING WELL OR MINE SERVICES PROVIDED BY CERTAIN SUBCONTRACTORS", "url": "/statutes/CP/127A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/127A.json", "summary": "This chapter requires a temporary placement service to give a written, plain‑English notice to any temporary subcontractor it assigns to do well or mine work. The notice must explain any indemnification duties the subcontractor has and detail any insurance coverage, limits, and whether the policy covers the subcontractor’s liability. If the insurance changes, is cancelled, or not renewed, the placement service must inform the subcontractor at least 30 days before the change takes effect.", "questions_answered": [ "What written notice must a staffing agency give a subcontractor before sending them to a well or mine job?", "How must a temporary placement service explain indemnification obligations to a subcontractor?", "What insurance information does a subcontractor need to receive from the placement service?", "Does the insurance policy have to cover the subcontractor’s tort liability and contract indemnity?", "In what format and language should the disclosure be provided to the subcontractor?", "When does a placement service have to give a new disclosure if the insurance policy changes?", "How much advance notice is required if the insurance policy is cancelled or reduced?", "Can a certificate of insurance be used instead of a full policy description?", "Do these disclosure rules apply to all subcontractors or only those doing well or mine services?", "What happens if the placement service fails to provide the required disclosure?" ], "issue_tags": [ "indemnification", "insurance-disclosure", "temporary-subcontractor", "well-mine-services", "placement-service", "policy-change-notice" ], "synonyms": [ "temporary subcontractor insurance notice requirements", "indemnity and coverage disclosure for well and mine work", "placement service subcontractor disclosure rules", "well/mine service subcontractor insurance obligations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "128", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 128. LIMITATION ON SUITS AGAINST SPORT SHOOTING RANGE OR FIREARMS OR AMMUNITION MANUFACTURER, TRADE ASSOCIATION, OR SELLER", "url": "/statutes/CP/128.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/128.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules that mostly prevent government bodies from suing gun makers, ammo manufacturers, trade groups, or sport shooting ranges for damages caused by lawful firearm design or shooting activities. It does allow lawsuits in specific situations, such as breach of contract, property damage, personal injury, or to enforce ordinances, and requires legislative approval for other types of claims. For civil actions against shooting ranges, the law limits the kinds of damages that can be recovered and mandates expert reports to prove negligence.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a city or county sue a firearms manufacturer for injuries that happen at a shooting range?", "What exceptions let a government unit bring a lawsuit against a gun or ammo seller?", "Is the state allowed to sue a sport shooting range for noise or other nuisance problems?", "What types of damages can a government entity recover from a shooting range?", "Do I need to provide an expert report to sue a shooting range in Texas?", "What are the consequences if I miss the deadline for serving an expert report?", "Can a government unit sue a firearms manufacturer for breach of contract or warranty issues?", "Are there any circumstances where a government can sue a gun maker without a legislative resolution?", "What standard of care must be shown to win a negligence claim against a shooting range?", "Can the attorney general bring a suit on behalf of the state against a gun manufacturer or shooting range?" ], "issue_tags": [ "government-suits", "firearms-manufacturers", "sport-shooting-ranges", "civil-action-limitations", "expert-report-requirements", "damage-recovery", "legislative-approval" ], "synonyms": [ "limits on government lawsuits against gun makers and shooting ranges", "government suit restrictions for firearms and ranges", "civil action limitations for sport shooting facilities", "statute on suing gun manufacturers and shooting ranges", "Texas law restricting governmental claims against the firearms industry" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "129", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 129. AGE OF MAJORITY", "url": "/statutes/CP/129.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/129.json", "summary": "This chapter says that in Texas a person is considered an adult at 18 years old. It updates any older laws that set a minimum age of 19, 20, or 21 to be read as 18 instead. If there’s a conflict with the Alcoholic Beverage Code, the drinking‑age rules in that code win.", "questions_answered": [ "When does a person become an adult in Texas?", "At what age can I sign contracts or be sued?", "Can a 18‑year‑old vote, marry, or join the military?", "Do older Texas statutes that require someone to be 19, 20, or 21 still apply?", "How are age‑based rights changed by this chapter?", "What age does the law consider for things like driving or gambling?", "Does this chapter affect the legal drinking age?", "If a law conflicts with the Alcoholic Beverage Code, which rule wins?", "Can a minor be held responsible for a civil lawsuit before turning 18?", "What happens to a law that set the age of majority at 21 before 1973?" ], "issue_tags": [ "age-of-majority", "legal-adulthood", "minimum-age", "statutory-interpretation", "drinking-age" ], "synonyms": [ "legal adult age", "age of legal capacity", "adult age in Texas", "minimum age for rights", "age of majority statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "129A", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 129A. RELIEF FOR CYBERBULLYING OF CHILD", "url": "/statutes/CP/129A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/129A.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a child under 18 or the child's parent ask a court for an order to stop cyberbullying. The court can issue temporary or permanent injunctions against the bully or the bully’s parents, and the law provides easy‑to‑understand forms (including a Spanish version) for people representing themselves. The statute does not apply to claims against internet service providers.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I get a restraining order to stop a teen from cyberbullying my child?", "What court order can I ask for if my child is being harassed online?", "Do I need to prove immediate harm to get a temporary injunction for cyberbullying?", "Can I sue the parents of a minor who is cyberbullying my child?", "Are there simple forms I can use to file a cyberbullying case without a lawyer?", "Is there a Spanish version of the court forms for cyberbullying cases?", "Can a cyberbullying lawsuit be combined with a family law case?", "Does this law apply to the website or platform where the bullying occurs?", "What kind of relief can a court order in a cyberbullying case?", "Do I have to prove the bully’s identity before a court can issue an order?" ], "issue_tags": [ "cyberbullying", "injunctive-relief", "minors", "court-forms", "parental-responsibility", "online-harassment" ], "synonyms": [ "child cyberbullying relief", "Texas cyberbullying injunction law", "minor online harassment statute", "injunctive relief for cyberbullying", "Texas civil code chapter 129A" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "129B", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 129B. LIABILITY RELATED TO SEXUAL MATERIAL HARMFUL TO MINORS", "url": "/statutes/CP/129B.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/129B.json", "summary": "This chapter requires any business that publishes or lets users create sexual material that is harmful to minors to verify that all users are at least 18 years old, display state‑mandated health warnings, and obtain consent when using a person's likeness in AI‑generated images. It also sets out civil penalties for violations and specifically excludes news organizations and internet service providers from liability.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to verify a user's age before showing adult or sexual content on my website?", "What kind of health warnings must I display if my site hosts sexual material that could be harmful to minors?", "Can I keep any personal information about a user after they pass an age check?", "Are news outlets or journalists required to follow these age‑verification rules?", "What penalties could my company face if we fail to verify ages or retain identifying data?", "Do I need written consent from a person before using their face in AI‑generated sexual images?", "Is an internet service provider or search engine liable for user‑generated sexual content on other sites?", "What methods are considered acceptable for verifying a user's age under this law?", "If my site offers a tool that creates AI sexual material, must I block minors from accessing it?", "Can I avoid the age‑verification requirement by adding a policy that prohibits AI‑generated porn?" ], "issue_tags": [ "age-verification", "sexual-content", "minors-protection", "ai-generated", "civil-penalties", "health-warnings" ], "synonyms": [ "Sexual material harmful to minors law", "AI porn age verification rules", "Texas sexual content liability", "Minor protection sexual material statute", "Artificial sexual material regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "129C", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 129C. AGREEMENTS PROHIBITING DISCLOSURES REGARDING SEXUAL ABUSE", "url": "/statutes/CP/129C.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/129C.json", "summary": "This chapter defines what counts as sexual abuse under Texas law and says any contract that tries to stop someone from talking about a sexual abuse incident is void. It protects the right to disclose abuse details, while still allowing parties to keep other settlement terms private.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an employer require me to sign a confidentiality agreement that blocks me from reporting sexual abuse?", "Is a settlement agreement that says I can't talk about a sexual assault enforceable?", "What types of conduct are considered sexual abuse under this law?", "Can a nondisclosure clause in a contract stop me from telling authorities about sexual abuse?", "Am I allowed to keep the amount of a settlement secret but still discuss the abuse itself?", "Do these rules apply to agreements I sign as part of a lawsuit settlement?", "What happens if a contract tries to silence me about a sexual assault?", "Are confidentiality provisions about other settlement details still valid?", "Does this law affect NDAs I sign when I start a new job?", "Can I be penalized for breaking a confidentiality clause that bans discussion of sexual abuse?" ], "issue_tags": [ "nondisclosure-agreements", "sexual-abuse", "confidentiality", "employment-law", "settlement-agreements", "public-policy" ], "synonyms": [ "sexual abuse NDA prohibition", "confidentiality agreements and sexual abuse", "non-disclosure clauses on abuse", "settlement confidentiality limits", "NDAs restricting abuse disclosure" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "130", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 130. LIABILITY PROVISIONS IN CERTAIN CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS", "url": "/statutes/CP/130.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/130.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas courts which indemnity promises in construction contracts are illegal, especially those that try to protect architects, engineers, or land surveyors from liability for design errors or negligence. It also sets a mandatory professional standard of care for those services and limits how owners can shift liability. Certain contracts, like insurance, workers' compensation, and design‑build agreements, are excluded from these rules.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a contractor be required to indemnify an architect for design mistakes?", "Are indemnity clauses that protect architects, engineers, or land surveyors from liability enforceable?", "What standard of care must an architect, engineer, or land surveyor meet in a construction contract?", "Can an owner require an architect or engineer to be added as an additional insured on their insurance policy?", "Do these liability rules apply to single‑family home construction contracts?", "Are insurance contracts or workers’ compensation agreements covered by this chapter?", "Can a contract force an architect to defend a third party for the owner's negligence?", "What types of construction contracts are exempt from these indemnity restrictions?", "Does a design‑build contract avoid the prohibitions on indemnity clauses?", "Can an owner be indemnified for liability caused by the owner's own negligence?" ], "issue_tags": [ "liability-indemnity", "construction-contracts", "architect-engineer-responsibility", "standard-of-care", "design-build-exception", "texas-civil-practice" ], "synonyms": [ "Liability provisions in construction contracts", "Construction contract indemnity rules", "Architect and engineer indemnity statutes", "Texas construction contract liability chapter", "Civil Practice and Remedies Code Chapter 130" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "131", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 131. VIOLATION OF COLLEGIATE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION RULES", "url": "/statutes/CP/131.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/131.json", "summary": "This chapter lets regional athletic associations and colleges sue people who break national collegiate athletic association rules when those breaches help cause disciplinary actions. It defines who can be sued, what damages (like lost TV and ticket revenue) may be awarded, and outlines defenses for employees or students. The law also allows prevailing parties to recover attorney’s fees and directs how any damages are shared among member schools.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a college or athletic conference sue someone for breaking NCAA rules?", "What kinds of damages can be recovered if a rule violation leads to disciplinary action?", "Who is allowed to bring a lawsuit under this chapter?", "What defenses are available if I was an employee of the NCAA or a member school?", "Can a student be held liable for violating athletic association rules?", "Are lost television revenue and ticket sales considered recoverable damages?", "Do I have to know the rule was current to be held liable?", "How are awarded damages distributed among member institutions?", "Can I recover attorney’s fees if I win a lawsuit under this law?", "What happens if the rule was changed after the alleged violation?" ], "issue_tags": [ "collegiate-athletics", "rule-violation-liability", "damages", "defenses", "sports-law", "civil-action" ], "synonyms": [ "NCAA rule breach liability", "college sports rule enforcement", "athletic association civil remedies", "sports rule violation damages", "regional athletic association lawsuits" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "132", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 132. UNSWORN DECLARATIONS", "url": "/statutes/CP/132.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/132.json", "summary": "This chapter lets people use a written unsworn declaration instead of a sworn affidavit, oath, or verification in most legal filings. The declaration must be signed under penalty of perjury and follow a set format, with special wording for inmates and state employees. It does not apply to certain filings like liens or property instruments that must go to a county clerk.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I replace a sworn affidavit with an unsworn declaration?", "When am I not allowed to use an unsworn declaration?", "What information must I include in an unsworn declaration?", "Do I need a notary public for an unsworn declaration?", "How should an inmate write an unsworn declaration?", "What wording is required for a state employee’s unsworn declaration?", "Do I have to sign the declaration under penalty of perjury?", "Can I file a lien or property document using an unsworn declaration?", "Where do I need to state the location and date on the declaration?", "Is an unsworn declaration acceptable for court‑ordered filings?" ], "issue_tags": [ "unsworn-declaration", "affidavit-alternative", "perjury-penalty", "inmate-declaration", "government-employee-declaration", "filing-exceptions" ], "synonyms": [ "unsworn statement", "affidavit substitute", "declaration under penalty of perjury", "non‑notarized declaration", "written declaration" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "133", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 133. PRESUMPTION OF DEATH", "url": "/statutes/CP/133.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/133.json", "summary": "This chapter explains when a person can be legally assumed dead, such as after being missing for seven years or when the armed services issue a death certificate. It also tells how to handle the estate if someone later proves they are still alive, including returning the estate and any profits earned while it was presumed dead.", "questions_answered": [ "What does the law say about someone who has been missing for seven years?", "Can a court automatically declare a missing person dead after seven years?", "How is a death certificate from the military treated in court?", "Is a military death certificate accepted as proof of death?", "What happens to a person's estate if they are presumed dead but later found alive?", "Can the estate be returned to the person who was thought to be dead?", "Will the person who was presumed dead get back any income or interest earned from the estate?", "If the estate was sold while the person was presumed dead, can the original owner get the sale money back?", "Who is responsible for delivering the estate when a presumption of death is used?", "Does the law require heirs to give back property if the presumed dead person returns?" ], "issue_tags": [ "presumption-of-death", "seven-year-rule", "military-death-certificate", "estate-restoration", "probate" ], "synonyms": [ "presumption of death statute", "seven-year absence rule", "military death certificate presumption", "estate restoration after presumed death", "dead person presumption law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "134", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 134. TEXAS THEFT LIABILITY ACT", "url": "/statutes/CP/134.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/134.json", "summary": "The Texas Theft Liability Act lets victims of theft sue the person who stole their property or services for the loss they suffered. It also holds parents or other caretakers responsible if a child commits theft and they fail to control the child. A lawsuit can be filed where the theft happened or where the defendant lives, and the law caps damages at $1,000 for adult thieves and $5,000 for parents, while also covering court costs and attorney fees for the winning party.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue someone who stole my property for the value of what was taken?", "What damages can I recover if my child steals something?", "Are parents or guardians liable for a child's theft?", "Where can I file a theft lawsuit in Texas?", "What is the maximum amount I can be awarded in a theft lawsuit?", "Will I get my attorney fees back if I win a theft case?", "Does the law cover theft of services as well as property?", "Can a corporation be sued under the Texas Theft Liability Act?", "How does the law define theft for civil purposes?", "Can I recover more than the actual loss I suffered from theft?" ], "issue_tags": [ "theft-liability", "civil-theft", "parent-liability", "damage-cap", "texas-civil-law", "lawsuit-venue" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Theft Liability Act", "Texas theft liability statute", "Texas civil theft remedy", "Texas theft damages law", "Texas theft civil action" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "134A", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 134A. TRADE SECRETS", "url": "/statutes/CP/134A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/134A.json", "summary": "This chapter, known as the Texas Uniform Trade Secrets Act, defines what a trade secret is and what counts as misappropriation. It gives owners the ability to seek court orders to stop misuse, recover damages or royalties, and sometimes attorney's fees. The law also sets rules for keeping trade‑secret information secret during lawsuits, including sealing documents and limiting who can see the information.", "questions_answered": [ "What is considered a trade secret in Texas?", "How can I stop someone from using my company's confidential information?", "Can I sue for money if my trade secret is stolen?", "What level of proof is needed to prove willful and malicious misappropriation?", "Can a court order a former employee to keep a trade secret confidential?", "What remedies are available besides an injunction, like royalties or damages?", "When can a court require a royalty payment instead of a permanent injunction?", "How does Texas law protect trade‑secret information during a lawsuit?", "What are the procedures for sealing court documents that contain trade secrets?", "Can I recover attorney’s fees if the other party acted in bad faith?", "What actions count as improper means of acquiring a trade secret?", "Is reverse engineering allowed without violating the trade secret law?" ], "issue_tags": [ "trade-secrets", "misappropriation", "injunctive-relief", "damages", "attorney-fees", "sealing-documents", "reverse-engineering" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Uniform Trade Secrets Act", "Chapter 134A", "Trade Secrets Code", "Texas trade secret law", "Uniform Trade Secrets Act (Texas)", "Trade secret protection statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "136", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 136. PROOF OF MAILING", "url": "/statutes/CP/136.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/136.json", "summary": "This chapter explains that, in most cases, you can use certified mail with a return receipt instead of registered mail when the law requires registered mail. The certified mail will be treated the same as registered mail as long as the receipt shows an official post office postmark. The only exception is when the law specifically needs the insurance protection that registered mail provides.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I send a legal notice by certified mail instead of registered mail?", "When does certified mail have the same effect as registered mail?", "What proof do I need to show that certified mail was properly sent?", "Do I need to use registered mail if I want insurance against loss?", "Is a return receipt enough to prove a notice was mailed?", "Are there any situations where I must still use registered mail?", "How does the post office validate a certified mail receipt?", "Can I use certified mail for court citations and hearing notices?", "What happens if I use certified mail but the receipt isn’t validated?", "Do I need to follow any special steps when mailing a bid request?", "Is certified mail acceptable for all civil‑procedure filings?", "What are the differences between certified and registered mail for legal purposes?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mailing-requirements", "certified-vs-registered", "legal-notice-delivery", "proof-of-service", "civil-procedure" ], "synonyms": [ "Proof of Mailing rules", "Certified mail substitution", "Mailing proof requirements", "Civil practice mailing provisions", "Certified mail vs. registered mail guidance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "137", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 137. DECLARATION FOR MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT", "url": "/statutes/CP/137.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/137.json", "summary": "This chapter lets adults who are currently capable create a written declaration that spells out their wishes for mental health treatment—such as medication, convulsive therapy, and emergency care—if they later become unable to decide. It explains who can sign, how the document must be witnessed or notarized, how long it stays in effect, how it can be revoked, and requires health‑care providers to follow the declaration unless they lack knowledge or an emergency makes it necessary. The law also shields providers from liability when they act in good faith under the declaration and forbids discrimination against people who have one.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I make a written statement about my mental health treatment preferences for the future?", "Who is allowed to sign a mental health treatment declaration?", "What are the witness or notary requirements for a mental health advance directive?", "How long does a mental health treatment declaration stay valid?", "Can I change or cancel my mental health treatment declaration after I sign it?", "What must doctors do if I have a mental health treatment declaration and I become incapacitated?", "Am I protected from being charged higher fees or denied care because I have a mental health declaration?", "What happens if a health‑care provider refuses to follow my mental health declaration?", "In what situations can a provider override my mental health declaration?", "Does my mental health declaration affect other legal documents like a medical power of attorney or guardianship?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mental-health-declaration", "advance-directive", "incapacity", "health-care-provider", "liability-protection", "discrimination-prohibition", "revocation", "emergency-treatment" ], "synonyms": [ "mental health treatment declaration", "psychiatric advance directive", "Texas mental health directive", "advance directive for mental health", "declaration of treatment preferences" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "138", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 138. PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR FOOD CONSUMPTION", "url": "/statutes/CP/138.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/138.json", "summary": "This chapter limits civil lawsuits against food manufacturers, sellers, agricultural and livestock producers, and trade associations for weight gain, obesity, or related health conditions caused by long‑term food consumption. It only allows such suits when the company knowingly and willfully broke a federal or state food law that directly caused the injury, or when the case is brought under specific health‑safety statutes or by the attorney general. The chapter also sets strict pleading requirements and pauses discovery while a motion to dismiss is considered.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue a food manufacturer for my obesity in Texas?", "Can a family member bring a lawsuit against a food seller for someone’s weight‑gain problem?", "What exceptions let me sue a food company for weight‑related health issues?", "Do I have to show that a specific law was violated to sue a food producer for obesity?", "What does Texas law define as ‘food’ for liability purposes?", "Are cosmetics, drugs, or dietary supplements covered by this liability protection?", "Can a trade association be sued for obesity claims under this chapter?", "What must a complaint allege to survive a motion to dismiss in a food‑obesity case?", "How does discovery work in a lawsuit about weight gain caused by food?", "Can the Texas attorney general bring an action against food companies for obesity?", "Does this chapter create a new cause of action for weight‑gain injuries?", "What are the rules for staying discovery while a dismissal motion is pending?" ], "issue_tags": [ "food-liability", "obesity-lawsuit", "civil-action", "manufacturer-responsibility", "discovery-stay", "texas-statutes" ], "synonyms": [ "personal responsibility for food consumption", "food liability protection", "obesity liability shield", "Texas food liability statute", "food manufacturer civil liability rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "139", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 139. PERSONAL INJURY TO CERTAIN PERSONS", "url": "/statutes/CP/139.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/139.json", "summary": "This chapter governs personal injury lawsuits when the injured party is incapacitated or severely disabled. It requires any structured settlement offer to be put in writing, delivered to the claimant’s attorney, and explained so the claimant can make an informed choice.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I file a personal injury lawsuit if I am incapacitated or severely disabled?", "Does this law apply to my injury if I am not incapacitated?", "What is a structured settlement and when must it be used?", "Do settlement offers have to be in writing?", "Who must receive a structured settlement offer?", "How quickly must my lawyer show me a settlement offer after it’s received?", "What information does my attorney need to give me about a settlement offer?", "Can a settlement be accepted or rejected without my attorney’s advice?", "What does “incapacitated person” mean under this chapter?", "Do I need a personal representative to receive a settlement if I’m incapacitated?" ], "issue_tags": [ "personal-injury", "incapacitated-person", "severe-disability", "structured-settlement", "settlement-offer", "attorney-advice" ], "synonyms": [ "personal injury to incapacitated persons", "structured settlement rules", "claims for severe disability", "settlement offer requirements", "incapacitated person injury statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "140", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 140. CONTRACTUAL SUBROGATION RIGHTS OF PAYORS OF CERTAIN BENEFITS", "url": "/statutes/CP/140.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/140.json", "summary": "This chapter tells health‑benefit plans (like insurance or HMO plans) how they can get reimbursed when they pay for a person's medical expenses that resulted from a third‑party’s wrongdoing. It sets who is covered, limits how much the plan can recover, and lays out rules for attorney fees and when the plan can or cannot pursue a claim. The law also clarifies that it does not apply to workers’ compensation, Medicare, Medicaid, or certain other government programs.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my health insurance or HMO get paid back if they covered my medical bills after someone else caused my injury?", "How much of my injury settlement can my insurer claim as reimbursement?", "Does my insurer have to wait until I am fully compensated before it can recover its costs?", "What types of health benefit plans are subject to these subrogation rules?", "Are Medicare, Medicaid, or workers’ compensation plans covered by this law?", "How are attorney fees handled when the insurer tries to recover its payments?", "Can my insurer sue my own first‑party insurance (like uninsured motorist coverage) for reimbursement?", "What happens to the insurer’s recovery if I have a lawyer representing me?", "Can the insurer choose to waive its right to recover the money it paid?", "Do self‑funded health plans have the same subrogation rights as traditional insurers?" ], "issue_tags": [ "subrogation", "health-benefit-payors", "injury-recovery", "attorney-fees", "insurance-contracts", "first-party-recovery", "coverage-types" ], "synonyms": [ "contractual subrogation rights", "payor subrogation", "health plan reimbursement", "insurer recovery rights", "third‑party injury reimbursement", "benefit plan subrogation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "140A", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 140A. CIVIL RACKETEERING RELATED TO TRAFFICKING OF PERSONS", "url": "/statutes/CP/140A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/140A.json", "summary": "Chapter 140A defines civil racketeering tied to human trafficking and gives the Texas attorney general authority to investigate, demand documents, and bring civil suits. It sets out procedures for civil investigative demands, how parties must comply, and the penalties and remedies—including fines, injunctions, and asset forfeiture—if racketeering is proven. The chapter also requires coordination with local prosecutors and provides a seven‑year discovery window for filing actions.", "questions_answered": [ "What is civil racketeering under Texas law?", "When can the attorney general issue a civil investigative demand in a racketeering case?", "What must I do if I receive a civil investigative demand for documents or testimony?", "What are the penalties if I deliberately ignore or falsify information in response to a demand?", "Can the state sue a person or business for racketeering and what remedies are available?", "How does the state recover assets or profits obtained through racketeering?", "What is the statute of limitations for filing a civil racketeering suit?", "How do local district attorneys get involved in a racketeering investigation?", "Can I object to or modify a civil investigative demand, and how?", "Are trade secrets or confidential information protected when producing documents?", "What is a constructive trust and how does it apply to racketeering cases?", "What happens if a civil racketeering suit interferes with an ongoing criminal prosecution?" ], "issue_tags": [ "civil-racketeering", "human-trafficking", "attorney-general-investigations", "civil-penalties", "asset-forfeiture", "injunctive-relief", "procedural-compliance" ], "synonyms": [ "Civil racketeering law", "Texas civil racketeering statute", "Civil racketeering related to trafficking of persons", "Chapter 140A", "Civil Racketering Act", "Civil human trafficking enforcement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "140B", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 140B. CIVIL REMEDIES AND ENFORCEMENT RELATED TO RACKETEERING AND UNLAWFUL DEBT COLLECTION", "url": "/statutes/CP/140B.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/140B.json", "summary": "This chapter gives Texas attorneys general and local prosecutors the ability to investigate racketeering and illegal debt‑collection activities, issue civil investigative demands for documents, testimony, or answers, and enforce compliance. It also outlines civil remedies such as injunctions, forfeiture of property, and civil penalties, and describes how seized assets and forfeiture proceeds are handled and distributed. The law sets procedures for serving demands, handling objections, and coordinating with local prosecutors to avoid interfering with criminal cases.", "questions_answered": [ "What powers does the Texas attorney general have to investigate racketeering or unlawful debt collection?", "How can a civil investigative demand be served and what must it contain?", "What can I do if I want to object to or modify a civil investigative demand?", "What are the penalties for refusing or deliberately failing to comply with a civil investigative demand?", "What types of civil remedies can a court order against a business involved in racketeering?", "How does Texas law allow the seizure and forfeiture of property used in illegal activities?", "How are forfeited assets and the money from them distributed among state agencies and victims?", "What are the time limits for filing a civil action under this chapter?", "Can a person be criminally charged for not complying with a civil investigative demand?", "What rights do I have during an oral testimony examination under this law?" ], "issue_tags": [ "racketeering", "civil-forfeiture", "investigative-demand", "attorney-general", "enforcement", "property-seizure", "civil-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas racketeering civil enforcement", "Civil remedies for unlawful debt collection", "Civil investigative demand procedures", "Civil forfeiture of racketeering assets", "Attorney General civil racketeering actions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "141", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 141. STRUCTURED SETTLEMENT PROTECTION ACT", "url": "/statutes/CP/141.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/141.json", "summary": "This chapter protects people who receive periodic payments from a structured settlement when they want to sell or assign those payment rights. It requires the buyer to give clear, bold‑type disclosures, obtain a court order confirming the transfer is in the payee’s best interest, and protect the payee’s dependents. The law also sets out who is liable if the transfer is improper and limits any penalties on the payee.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sell or assign my structured settlement payment rights?", "What information must the buyer give me before I sign a transfer agreement?", "Do I need a court order to transfer my structured settlement payments?", "What fees and expenses can be taken out of my settlement when I transfer it?", "Can I cancel the transfer after I sign the agreement without penalty?", "How does the law protect my spouse, children, or other dependents if I transfer my settlement?", "What liability does the buyer have if the transfer violates the law?", "Do I need to get advice from a lawyer or other professional before transferring my settlement?", "Is it possible to transfer a payment that depends on my life, like a survivor benefit?", "How is the present value of my future settlement payments calculated?", "Which court handles the approval of a structured settlement transfer?", "Can the original obligor be forced to split payments between me and the buyer after a transfer?" ], "issue_tags": [ "structured-settlement", "payment-transfer", "court-approval", "disclosure-requirements", "dependent-protection", "liability", "annuity" ], "synonyms": [ "Structured Settlement Protection Act", "Structured Settlement Transfer Rules", "Structured Settlement Payment Rights Act", "Texas Structured Settlement Law", "Settlement Payment Transfer Statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "142", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 142. LIMITATION ON LIABILITY FOR HIRINGCERTAIN EMPLOYEES", "url": "/statutes/CP/142.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/142.json", "summary": "This chapter limits the ability to sue an employer, contractor, or property owner for simply hiring or supervising an employee who has been convicted of a crime. A lawsuit can still proceed if the employer knew or should have known about the conviction and the crime is closely related to the job duties, a listed serious offense, or a sexual violent offense. The rule does not apply when the employee’s past crime involved fraud or misuse of funds that the new job would require to manage.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I be sued for hiring someone who has a criminal record?", "When does an employer’s knowledge of an employee’s conviction matter in a lawsuit?", "Does this law protect me if I hire a former felon for a job unrelated to the crime?", "What types of past offenses still allow a plaintiff to sue for negligent hiring?", "Are sexual assault convictions covered by this limitation on liability?", "If I hire someone who previously stole money, does this chapter protect me?", "Does the law apply to contractors and property owners as well as employers?", "What must a plaintiff prove to overcome the liability protection in this chapter?", "Can I be held liable for supervising an employee who was convicted before they were hired?", "Does this statute create any new causes of action against employers?" ], "issue_tags": [ "liability-limitations", "negligent-hiring", "employee-convictions", "employer-knowledge", "criminal-record-employment" ], "synonyms": [ "negligent hiring limitation", "employment liability shield", "conviction-based hiring defense", "employee criminal record protection", "hiring liability restriction" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "142A", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 142A. LIMITATION ON LIABILITY FOR CERTAIN PROGRAMS", "url": "/statutes/CP/142A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/142A.json", "summary": "This chapter says you generally cannot sue your employer for having or requiring a workplace wellness program. A lawsuit is only allowed if the program treats people differently because of a medical condition, gender, age, or income, or if the employer acted intentionally or recklessly. The law does not create new rights to sue, it just limits existing ones.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue my employer for requiring me to join a wellness program?", "When is an employer liable for a workplace wellness program?", "Does a wellness program have to treat all employees the same?", "Can discrimination based on health, gender, age, or income affect a wellness program lawsuit?", "What does “intentional or reckless conduct” mean in the context of a wellness program?", "Does this law give me a new right to sue my employer over a wellness program?", "If my employer offers incentives for healthy habits, can I bring a civil action against them?", "Are there any circumstances where an employer can be sued for a wellness program?", "What types of employee wellness programs are protected from lawsuits?", "Do I need to prove discrimination to sue over a workplace wellness program?" ], "issue_tags": [ "liability-limitation", "employee-wellness", "employer-immunity", "discrimination-exception", "intentional-reckless-conduct" ], "synonyms": [ "wellness program liability protection", "employer wellness program defense", "employee wellness program liability limitation", "workplace health program lawsuit restriction", "wellness program discrimination exception" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "143", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 143. HARMFUL ACCESS BY COMPUTER", "url": "/statutes/CP/143.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/143.json", "summary": "This chapter lets people who suffer injury or property loss from illegal computer access sue for damages. It requires the wrongdoing to be done knowingly or intentionally. Victims can recover actual losses plus reasonable attorney fees, but must file suit within specific time limits.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue someone for damaging my computer or data?", "What kind of computer wrongdoing lets me bring a civil lawsuit?", "Do I have to prove the hacker acted knowingly to win a case?", "What damages can I recover if my computer was harmed?", "Can I get my attorney’s fees paid if I win a computer‑access case?", "How long do I have to file a lawsuit after my computer was hacked?", "What if I only discovered the computer breach a year after it happened?", "Is there a deadline based on the last illegal act for filing a claim?", "Do I need a criminal conviction before I can sue for computer harm?", "What types of losses are considered ‘actual damages’ in a computer‑access case?" ], "issue_tags": [ "civil-computer-harm", "cause-of-action", "damages", "statute-of-limitations", "attorney-fees", "computer-misuse" ], "synonyms": [ "harmful computer access civil remedy", "civil action for computer hacking", "computer trespass lawsuit", "civil cause of action for illegal computer access", "computer‑related civil damages" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "143A", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 143A. DISCOURSE ON SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS", "url": "/statutes/CP/143A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/143A.json", "summary": "This chapter tells big social‑media companies that they cannot block, ban, or limit a Texas user, the user’s content, or the user’s ability to see other people’s content because of the user’s viewpoint, the viewpoint expressed, or the user’s location in Texas. It lets users sue the platform in Texas courts and allows the state attorney general to bring actions, while still permitting censorship of illegal speech, threats, child‑exploitation material, and other narrowly defined exceptions. Any contract that tries to waive these protections is void, and the law applies only to platforms with more than 50 million U.S. users that affect Texas residents or businesses.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a social media platform block or ban me because I live in Texas?", "Can a platform remove my posts because of my political or religious viewpoint?", "What can I do if a platform censors my content based on where I am in the state?", "Am I allowed to sue a social media company in Texas for censoring me?", "Does Texas law require platforms to let me see other users’ posts regardless of my location?", "Can a platform require me to sign a contract that gives up my right to be free from censorship?", "What types of speech are still allowed for a platform to censor under this law?", "Can the Texas attorney general take legal action against a platform that censors users?", "Do I have to file a lawsuit in federal court to challenge a platform’s actions, or can it be in Texas state court?", "Does this law apply to all social media sites, or only the biggest ones?", "What does “unlawful expression” mean for the purposes of this law?" ], "issue_tags": [ "social-media-censorship", "user-rights", "texas-state-law", "platform-liability", "free-speech", "venue-choice" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas social media censorship law", "Chapter 143A", "Discourse on Social Media Platforms statute", "Texas online speech protection act", "Social media platform censorship prohibition" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "144", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 144. DESTRUCTION OF CERTAIN RECORDS", "url": "/statutes/CP/144.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/144.json", "summary": "This chapter lets certain former mental‑health patients ask a court to seal and later destroy their medical records if they were admitted between 1986 and 1993 under specific circumstances. It defines who qualifies, requires the court to keep the order confidential, limits lawsuits related to the sealed records, and makes it a misdemeanor to disclose them. The law also protects anyone who denies the existence of those records from perjury liability.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a former mental health patient have their records sealed and later destroyed?", "Who qualifies as a \"former mental health patient\" under this law?", "What types of medical records can be destroyed under this chapter?", "How does a court order to seal records affect my ability to sue a mental health facility?", "What happens if a hospital or provider releases a sealed record?", "Is there a penalty for disclosing or failing to destroy a sealed record?", "Can a former patient deny that they were ever admitted to a mental health facility?", "Does this law apply to records that are required to be kept by federal law?", "Are there special rules for juvenile former mental health patients?", "How do I request a court order to seal and destroy my mental health records?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mental-health-records", "record-destruction", "privacy", "court-order", "liability", "confidentiality" ], "synonyms": [ "Chapter 144", "Destruction of Certain Records", "Texas mental health record sealing law", "Former patient record destruction statute", "Civil Practice and Remedies Code Chapter 144" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "145", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 145. LIABILITY FOR NEGLIGENT HIRING BY IN-HOME SERVICE COMPANIES AND RESIDENTIAL DELIVERY COMPANIES", "url": "/statutes/CP/145.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/145.json", "summary": "This chapter requires companies that send workers into a person's home—like repair technicians or delivery crews—to obtain criminal background checks on those workers before they are hired. If the company follows the check rules, it is presumed not to be negligent if a worker later commits a crime in the home. The law also protects customers who request a background check in writing, assuming they are not negligent for hiring the company.", "questions_answered": [ "Do in‑home repair companies have to run background checks on their employees?", "What kind of background information must a residential delivery company obtain before sending someone into my house?", "Can a homeowner be held liable if a delivery person commits a crime while inside my home?", "What happens if a company hires an employee without a background check and that employee harms me?", "Is there a time limit on how far back a criminal record must be checked?", "Do I need to keep records of the background checks for my employees?", "What if two workers go into my home together—does the company still need to check both?", "Can I protect myself by asking the company to run a background check before they send a worker?", "What is the Sue Weaver Act and how does it affect home service companies?", "Are there any exceptions to the background‑check requirement for licensed professionals?" ], "issue_tags": [ "negligent-hiring", "background-checks", "in-home-service", "residential-delivery", "liability", "consumer-protection" ], "synonyms": [ "Sue Weaver Act", "Texas home service background check law", "Residential delivery employee screening statute", "Negligent hiring rule for in‑home service companies", "Home entry worker background check requirement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "146", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 146. CERTAIN CLAIMS BY HEALTH CARE SERVICE PROVIDERS BARRED", "url": "/statutes/CP/146.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/146.json", "summary": "This chapter tells health care providers they must send a bill to the patient, insurer, or attorney by the first day of the 11th month after services are rendered, unless a contract or law requires an earlier date. If they miss that deadline, they cannot sue the patient or the patient’s family for payment, and the violation does not trigger any professional disciplinary action.", "questions_answered": [ "How many months does a doctor have to bill me after I receive care?", "Can a hospital or clinic sue me if they send a bill after the deadline?", "What happens if my doctor bills my insurance later than 11 months?", "Are health care providers allowed to collect from my family members if I don’t pay a late bill?", "Does this billing rule apply to Medicare and Medicaid claims?", "Can a medical provider send a bill to my attorney for injury‑related services?", "What counts as the official billing date for a health care provider?", "If my doctor has a contract with my insurance, does that change the billing deadline?", "Will a health care provider face disciplinary action for missing the billing deadline?", "Do workers’ compensation or auto insurance policies follow the same billing rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "billing-deadlines", "health-care-provider-liability", "patient-billing", "health-benefit-plan", "medical-billing", "claim-bar", "provider-discipline" ], "synonyms": [ "Late billing restrictions", "Health care provider billing deadline", "Medical billing time limits", "Patient billing rules", "Health benefit plan billing requirements", "Provider claim bar", "Texas health provider billing law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "147", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 147. YEAR 2000 COMPUTER DATE FAILURE", "url": "/statutes/CP/147.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/147.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rules for lawsuits that arise when a computer or its software fails to handle dates around the year 2000. It defines who can sue, which products are covered, notice requirements, time limits, defenses, and limits on damages. The law does not apply to personal injury, workers' compensation, or contracts that already address Y2K liability.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue a computer manufacturer for a Y2K date failure?", "What types of computer products are covered by the Y2K date failure law?", "How long do I have to file a lawsuit after a Y2K-related problem occurs?", "Do I need to give the defendant notice before filing a Y2K lawsuit?", "What damages can I recover in a Y2K lawsuit, and are there any limits?", "Does the law apply if the Y2K failure caused personal injury or death?", "Can a defendant avoid liability by offering a fix or cure for the Y2K problem?", "What affirmative defenses can a manufacturer raise in a Y2K case?", "Are there any special rules for small businesses or recent consumer products?", "Does the state or its agencies have immunity from Y2K lawsuits?" ], "issue_tags": [ "y2k-date-failure", "computer-product-liability", "notice-requirements", "limitations-period", "damage-limitations", "affirmative-defenses" ], "synonyms": [ "Year 2000 computer date failure statute", "Y2K date failure chapter", "Computer date failure law", "Texas Y2K liability provisions", "Computer Y2K failure act" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "148", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 148. LIABILITY DURING PANDEMIC EMERGENCY", "url": "/statutes/CP/148.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/148.json", "summary": "This chapter gives broad protection to makers, sellers, and distributors of products used during a declared pandemic emergency, as well as to schools that cancel or change programs because of the emergency. Liability for injury, death, or property damage is generally barred unless the party knowingly acted with malice and the product or action posed an unreasonable risk. It also sets strict rules for proving exposure claims, requiring expert reports and limiting how the case proceeds, and it states that the chapter itself does not create a new cause of action.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue a company for a defective mask or protective equipment used during a pandemic?", "What must I prove to hold a medical device or vaccine maker liable in Texas during a pandemic emergency?", "Are schools liable for canceling classes or programs because of a pandemic?", "Do businesses have to require employee vaccinations to avoid liability for pandemic exposure?", "What evidence is needed to show a product seller knowingly sold a defective pandemic product?", "How long do I have to serve an expert report in a lawsuit alleging exposure to a pandemic disease?", "Can I sue a cleaning or disinfecting product manufacturer for injuries caused by its product during a pandemic?", "What defenses do manufacturers and distributors have against product liability claims in a pandemic emergency?", "Do I need to prove actual malice to succeed in a pandemic-related product liability case?", "Does this chapter create any new civil cause of action for pandemic-related claims?" ], "issue_tags": [ "pandemic-liability", "product-liability", "educational-institution-immunity", "exposure-claims", "expert-report", "civil-action-limitations" ], "synonyms": [ "pandemic emergency liability shield", "COVID-19 product liability protection", "pandemic-related product immunity", "school pandemic liability exemption", "Texas pandemic liability statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "149", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 149. LIMITATIONS IN CIVIL ACTIONS OF LIABILITIES RELATING TO CERTAIN MERGERS OR CONSOLIDATIONS", "url": "/statutes/CP/149.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/149.json", "summary": "This chapter sets a cap on how much a company that takes over another business can be held responsible for asbestos-related claims. The cap is based on the fair market value of the original company's assets at the time of the merger, with specific rules for how that value is calculated and adjusted over time. Certain types of claims and situations, such as workers' compensation or ongoing asbestos-related businesses, are excluded from the limitation.", "questions_answered": [ "How is a company's liability for asbestos claims limited after it merges with another company?", "What does \"successor asbestos-related liability\" mean?", "How do I calculate the asset value that caps asbestos liability for a merged corporation?", "Are insurance proceeds counted when determining the asset value limit?", "What exceptions exist that would prevent the liability cap from applying?", "Does workers' compensation affect the asbestos liability limitation?", "Can a successor company be held for asbestos claims that exceed its asset value?", "How does the asset value adjust over time after a merger?", "Who qualifies as a \"successor\" or \"transferor\" under this law?", "When does this limitation apply to domestic versus foreign corporations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "asbestos-liability", "merger-limitations", "corporate-successor", "asset-valuation", "legal-exceptions" ], "synonyms": [ "successor asbestos liability limitation", "asbestos claim cap for merged companies", "corporate asbestos liability limits", "asbestos liability after merger", "successor corporation asbestos obligations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "150", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 150. LICENSED OR REGISTERED PROFESSIONALS", "url": "/statutes/CP/150.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/150.json", "summary": "Chapter 150 sets the rules for suing Texas architects, engineers, land surveyors, and landscape architects. Before a claim can move forward, the plaintiff must attach a sworn statement from a qualified peer professional describing the alleged negligence. The chapter also shields these professionals and certified municipal inspectors from civil liability for volunteer work done during declared emergencies, unless the conduct was grossly negligent or intentional. Certain design‑build situations are exempt from the affidavit requirement.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a third‑party professional affidavit to file a lawsuit against an architect or engineer in Texas?", "What information must the affidavit contain to satisfy the certificate of merit requirement?", "What happens if I forget to attach the affidavit when I file the complaint?", "Can I still sue a professional for work they performed during a state emergency or disaster?", "Are architects and engineers protected from liability for volunteer services during emergencies?", "What types of misconduct can still make a professional liable despite the emergency‑service protection?", "Do design‑build firms have to provide the affidavit when they are involved in a lawsuit?", "How long do I have to submit the affidavit after filing the initial complaint?", "Can I appeal a court order that dismisses my case for not filing the affidavit?", "Does this chapter apply to disputes over payment of professional fees?" ], "issue_tags": [ "certificate-of-merit", "professional-liability", "emergency-service-immunity", "design-build-exemption", "third-party-affidavit", "municipal-inspector" ], "synonyms": [ "Certificate of Merit requirement", "Texas professional liability rules", "Architect and engineer lawsuit filing rules", "Emergency services liability protection", "Design‑build affidavit exemption", "Licensed professional civil claims" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "150A", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 150A. DISCOVERY BY GOVERNMENTAL UNIT", "url": "/statutes/CP/150A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/150A.json", "summary": "This chapter stops any government agency from forcing a religious leader to hand over written, audio, or video copies of a sermon, or to testify about the sermon, in civil or administrative cases. It defines who counts as a governmental unit and what counts as a religious organization and worship. The rule protects the privacy of religious messages from government discovery.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a city or state agency demand a church's sermon as evidence in a lawsuit?", "Is a government body allowed to subpoena a recording of a pastor's sermon?", "Can a religious leader be forced to testify about what was said in a sermon?", "Does this law protect written copies of sermons from being handed over to the government?", "What types of religious gatherings are covered by this protection?", "Does the rule apply to all government agencies, like police departments and school districts?", "Are there any circumstances where a government unit can obtain a sermon?", "How does this law affect civil lawsuits where the government is a party?", "What does \"governmental unit\" mean under this chapter?", "Does the protection extend to sermons delivered by non‑Christian faiths?" ], "issue_tags": [ "government-discovery", "religious-privilege", "sermon-protection", "civil-proceedings", "first-amendment" ], "synonyms": [ "sermon privilege", "religious sermon protection", "government discovery restrictions", "religious testimony immunity", "governmental unit discovery rule" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "150C", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 150C. ENTITY NAME FALSELY IMPLYING GOVERNMENTAL AFFILIATION", "url": "/statutes/CP/150C.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/150C.json", "summary": "This chapter gives a government agency the power to block anyone who uses a name that makes it look like they are part of the government. The agency can obtain a statewide injunction and, if the misuse was intentional, may also recover reasonable attorney fees and court costs.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a city stop a private business from using a name that suggests it is a city department?", "What can a state agency do if another organization pretends to be part of the government?", "Is it possible to get a court order to stop a company from using a government‑like name across Texas?", "Can a governmental unit recover attorney fees if someone willfully pretends to be affiliated with it?", "What legal remedy is available when a nonprofit uses a name that implies it works for the government?", "Does a county have the right to sue a contractor for falsely claiming it is a county agency?", "How does Texas law protect against false government branding?", "What steps can a government entity take to enforce its name against misuse?", "Can a state agency obtain a statewide injunction against a misleading name?", "When can a court award costs to a governmental unit for false affiliation claims?" ], "issue_tags": [ "false-affiliation", "government-name", "injunctive-relief", "attorney-fees", "state-law" ], "synonyms": [ "misleading government name", "false governmental affiliation", "entity name misuse", "government branding protection", "governmental unit name infringement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "150E", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 150E. CIVIL ACTIONS OR ARBITRATIONS INVOLVING TRANSPORTATION NETWORK COMPANIES", "url": "/statutes/CP/150E.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/150E.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you when you can bring a lawsuit or arbitration against a ride‑share or similar app‑based transportation company after an accident involving one of its vehicles. It explains which vehicles are covered, what you must prove to hold the company liable, and limits the company's responsibility unless its own negligence is shown.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue a ride‑share company if I was injured while the driver was logged into the app?", "What types of vehicles are covered by the transportation network company liability rules?", "Do I have to prove the company was grossly negligent to recover damages?", "Is the ride‑share company responsible if the driver had a disqualifying record that the company should have known about?", "Can a transportation network company be held liable for property damage caused by its vehicle?", "Does this law apply to accidents that happen when the driver is not using the app?", "What evidence do I need to show the company’s own negligence?", "Are there limits on how many passengers a covered vehicle can have?", "Does the company’s liability change if the driver was using the app but the accident was due to a mechanical issue?", "Can I bring a claim against the company for a passenger’s death that occurred while the driver was on the network?" ], "issue_tags": [ "transportation-network-company", "liability", "gross-negligence", "civil-action", "arbitration", "network-vehicle" ], "synonyms": [ "ride‑share liability rules", "app‑based transportation company statutes", "digital network vehicle law", "transportation network company civil liability chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "151", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 151. TRIAL BY SPECIAL JUDGE", "url": "/statutes/CP/151.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/151.json", "summary": "This chapter lets parties in a civil or family case agree to have a retired or former judge hear their dispute instead of a jury. It sets out how to request the referral, the qualifications the special judge must meet, how the trial is run, who pays the costs, and how the verdict is handled. The process includes rules for evidence, reporting, and the right to appeal.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I have my civil case heard by a retired judge instead of a jury?", "How do I request a trial by special judge?", "What qualifications does a special judge need?", "What fees and costs do I have to pay for a special judge trial?", "Can the trial be held in a public courtroom?", "What happens if the special judge does not issue a verdict on time?", "Do I still have the right to appeal the special judge's decision?", "Do I need a court reporter for a special judge trial?", "Can I waive my right to a jury trial for this case?", "What types of issues can be referred to a special judge?", "Can a special judge hold someone in contempt of court?" ], "issue_tags": [ "special-judge-trial", "civil-procedure", "jury-waiver", "court-fees", "appeals", "judge-qualifications" ], "synonyms": [ "trial by special judge", "special judge referral", "special judge trial", "non-jury trial", "referral to retired judge", "judge-initiated trial" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "152", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 152. ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION SYSTEM ESTABLISHED BY COUNTIES", "url": "/statutes/CP/152.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/152.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a county's commissioners court create a local program that uses mediation, conciliation, or arbitration to settle civil disputes and, in some cases, criminal matters. It sets out how the program can be organized, who can run it, how cases can be sent to it, and what fees may be charged.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my county establish a mediation or arbitration program for local disputes?", "Who is allowed to run a county alternative dispute resolution system?", "What kinds of disputes can be handled by the county ADR program?", "Can a criminal case be referred to the county mediation program?", "Do victims and defendants have to agree before a criminal case is sent to mediation?", "How does a judge refer a civil or criminal case to the county ADR system?", "What fees can the county charge for mediation services?", "Is there a maximum fee that can be charged to a defendant in a criminal mediation?", "Can a private nonprofit organization manage the county ADR program?", "What rules can the commissioners court set for the ADR system?", "Can landlord‑tenant or neighbor disputes be resolved through this program?", "Who approves the actions of the committee that runs the ADR system?" ], "issue_tags": [ "alternative-dispute-resolution", "county-mediation", "civil-justice", "criminal-mediation", "fees", "case-referral" ], "synonyms": [ "county ADR system", "local mediation program", "alternative dispute resolution program", "county dispute resolution center", "mediation/arbitration system" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "154", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 154. ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION PROCEDURES", "url": "/statutes/CP/154.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/154.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas courts how to use alternative dispute resolution methods—like mediation, mini‑trials, arbitration, and settlement conferences—to help parties settle disputes without a full trial. It explains when a court can refer a case to ADR, how parties can object, what qualifications neutral facilitators must have, and that communications during ADR are kept confidential. It also says that written settlement agreements are enforceable like any contract and may be incorporated into a court order.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a Texas court order mediation in my civil case?", "How do I object if I don’t want my case referred to mediation or another ADR process?", "What are the differences between mediation, arbitration, and a mini‑trial in Texas?", "Who can serve as a neutral mediator or arbitrator, especially in parent‑child disputes?", "Are the talks and documents from mediation kept confidential?", "What happens if I miss a court‑ordered mediation hearing?", "How are fees for a court‑appointed mediator or arbitrator paid?", "Can a settlement reached in mediation be turned into a court judgment?", "What types of ADR can a Texas court refer a pending dispute to?", "Does the Federal Arbitration Act prevent a court from ordering mediation?", "What training is required for a neutral third party in family‑law matters?", "Is an arbitration award automatically binding, or can it be non‑binding?" ], "issue_tags": [ "alternative-dispute-resolution", "mediation", "arbitration", "court-referral", "confidentiality", "neutral-third-party", "settlement-agreement" ], "synonyms": [ "ADR procedures", "alternative dispute resolution", "mediation and arbitration rules", "Texas ADR statutes", "dispute resolution chapter", "civil ADR code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "155", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 155. SETTLEMENT WEEKS", "url": "/statutes/CP/155.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/155.json", "summary": "In Texas counties with 150,000 or more residents, the law requires two settlement weeks each year—usually during law week and judicial conference week—to help parties voluntarily resolve civil and family law disputes. An administrative judge appoints a committee of lawyers and community members to run the weeks, and qualified attorneys may serve as mediators under existing ADR rules. Courts can issue orders needed to support the process, and funding can be drawn from court administration budgets while cooperating with mediation centers and bar groups.", "questions_answered": [ "When are settlement weeks scheduled in Texas?", "Which counties are required to hold settlement weeks?", "Who decides the dates for settlement weeks?", "What types of cases can be settled during settlement weeks?", "Can an attorney act as a mediator during settlement weeks?", "What rules govern mediation in settlement weeks?", "What authority do courts have during settlement weeks?", "How is settlement week funding provided?", "Can local mediation centers participate in settlement weeks?", "Who serves on the settlement week committee?" ], "issue_tags": [ "settlement-weeks", "alternative-dispute-resolution", "mediation", "civil-family-cases", "court-authority", "funding" ], "synonyms": [ "settlement week program", "court-sponsored mediation weeks", "alternative dispute resolution weeks", "judicial settlement weeks", "settlement weeks for civil and family law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "171", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 171. GENERAL ARBITRATION", "url": "/statutes/CP/171.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/171.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for enforcing written arbitration agreements in Texas, including when courts can compel or stay arbitration and how arbitrators are appointed and conduct hearings. It outlines the procedures for arbitration hearings, award issuance, and how courts can confirm, modify, vacate, or enforce those awards. The chapter also lists the types of disputes that are excluded from its scope and provides guidance on filing applications and appeals related to arbitration.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a court force me to arbitrate if I signed a written arbitration agreement?", "What kinds of disputes are excluded from Texas arbitration rules?", "How does a court stay a lawsuit while an arbitration is pending?", "Who chooses the arbitrators if my agreement doesn’t specify a method?", "What rights do I have during an arbitration hearing, like presenting evidence or cross‑examining witnesses?", "Can a court vacate or modify an arbitration award, and under what circumstances?", "How do I appeal a court’s decision about an arbitration award or order?", "When can a court order a party to pay the arbitrators’ fees and expenses?", "What is the process to correct or modify an arbitration award after it’s issued?", "Is an arbitration agreement unenforceable if it was unconscionable at the time it was made?", "Where should I file an application to compel arbitration or to stay a proceeding?", "What notice is required for arbitration hearings and how are they scheduled?" ], "issue_tags": [ "arbitration-agreements", "court-appeals", "award-modification", "arbitrator-appointment", "hearing-procedures", "jurisdiction", "stay-of-proceedings" ], "synonyms": [ "General Arbitration Chapter", "Texas arbitration statutes", "Arbitration enforcement rules", "Civil Practice Arbitration provisions", "Arbitration and award procedures" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "172", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 172. ARBITRATION AND CONCILIATION OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL DISPUTES", "url": "/statutes/CP/172.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/172.json", "summary": "Chapter 172 sets out Texas rules for handling international commercial disputes through arbitration or conciliation. It defines how agreements are formed, how arbitrators and conciliators are chosen, how proceedings run, and how awards and settlements are issued and enforced. The chapter also explains when courts can step in, such as to stay a lawsuit or assist with evidence, and outlines costs, confidentiality, and other procedural matters.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I require my foreign business partner to resolve a dispute by arbitration in Texas?", "What must be in writing for an arbitration or conciliation agreement to be valid?", "How is an arbitrator appointed if the parties cannot agree on one?", "What reasons can I use to challenge an arbitrator’s impartiality?", "Can a Texas court stay a lawsuit and refer the case to arbitration?", "What steps does the arbitration tribunal take to issue a final award?", "Can the tribunal order interim measures, like freezing assets, during arbitration?", "Is it possible to combine two separate arbitration cases into one proceeding?", "Are statements made during conciliation kept confidential and not usable in court?", "How are the costs of arbitration or conciliation divided between the parties?", "Who decides the language used in the arbitration and how is it determined?", "What happens if a party fails to submit a claim or defense on time?" ], "issue_tags": [ "international-arbitration", "commercial-conciliation", "arbitrator-appointment", "award-enforcement", "court-intervention", "confidentiality", "cost-allocation" ], "synonyms": [ "International commercial arbitration rules", "Texas arbitration and conciliation statutes", "Chapter 172 ADR provisions", "Cross‑border dispute resolution code", "Alternate dispute resolution for international commerce" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CP", "code_name": "Civil Practice and Remedies Code", "chapter": "173", "title": "CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 173. ARBITRATION OF CERTAIN CONTROVERSIES INVOLVING MEMBERS OF CERTAIN NONPROFIT ENTITIES", "url": "/statutes/CP/173.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CP/173.json", "summary": "This chapter makes arbitration agreements between members of certain nonprofit organizations enforceable, even though older common‑law rules might have barred them. It applies to tax‑exempt nonprofits and those formed under Texas nonprofit statutes, but it does not cover homeowner or condominium associations. The law also says that a bylaws provision requiring arbitration is a binding, irrevocable contract, and it leaves other arbitration rules in place unless specifically changed here.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a member of a nonprofit be required to arbitrate a dispute with the organization?", "Does a nonprofit’s bylaws clause that forces arbitration bind all members?", "Are arbitration agreements signed before a dispute still valid under Texas law?", "Can a member cancel or revoke an arbitration agreement with a nonprofit?", "Which types of nonprofit entities are covered by this arbitration rule?", "Are homeowner or condominium associations subject to the same arbitration requirements?", "Does this chapter change the old common‑law rule that limited enforcement of arbitration agreements?", "What happens if a nonprofit corporation tries to revoke an arbitration provision in its bylaws?", "Do tax‑exempt charities have to follow this arbitration rule?", "Can a corporation and its members agree to arbitrate a controversy that arises after they sign the agreement?" ], "issue_tags": [ "arbitration", "nonprofit", "bylaws", "dispute-resolution", "texas-law", "contract-enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "nonprofit member arbitration", "arbitration provisions in nonprofit bylaws", "Texas nonprofit arbitration statute", "member dispute arbitration rules", "nonprofit arbitration agreements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "1", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/CR/1.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/1.json", "summary": "Chapter 1 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure lays out the basic rules that govern criminal cases. It spells out the rights of accused persons, such as a speedy public trial, the right to counsel, bail, and protection against unreasonable searches. It also explains how the code is applied, interpreted, and what happens if a provision is found invalid.", "questions_answered": [ "What basic rights does a criminal defendant have in Texas?", "When must the state provide a public defender for an indigent defendant?", "Can the police search my home or belongings without a warrant?", "Am I entitled to bail, and when can bail be denied?", "Can I waive my right to a jury trial or to have a lawyer?", "What does double jeopardy mean in Texas criminal cases?", "What happens if a part of the criminal procedure code is declared invalid?", "Do criminal proceedings have to be public, and can they be closed to the public?", "How must pleadings and motions be signed by attorneys or defendants?", "What does the Texas Constitution say about due process and the right to a fair trial?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-criminal-procedure", "defendant-rights", "right-to-counsel", "bail", "search-and-seizure", "double-jeopardy", "public-trial" ], "synonyms": [ "General Provisions of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure", "Chapter 1 of the Texas Criminal Procedure Code", "Texas criminal procedure basics", "Introductory provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure", "Fundamental criminal procedure rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "2", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 2. GENERAL DUTIES OF OFFICERS", "url": "/statutes/CR/2.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/2.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the responsibilities of various officials in Texas criminal cases. It tells district attorneys how to handle child‑support payments, requires courts and attorneys to act fairly, defines what an examining court is, explains how the governor can appoint an authenticating officer, and allows digital signatures on electronic court documents.", "questions_answered": [ "What must a district or county attorney do with child support money they receive?", "Can a court document in a criminal case be signed electronically?", "Who is allowed to sign documents on behalf of the governor?", "What is an examining court and when is it used?", "What duties do trial courts, prosecutors, defense attorneys, and peace officers have to ensure a fair trial?", "How does Texas law treat electronic documents in criminal proceedings?", "How can the governor appoint or revoke an authenticating officer?", "What is the role of an authenticating officer for the governor?", "Are digital signatures subject to criminal fraud laws?", "Do peace officers have a responsibility to protect the presumption of innocence?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-support", "digital-signature", "authenticating-officer", "fair-trial", "examining-court", "criminal-procedure" ], "synonyms": [ "General duties of officers", "Officer responsibilities in criminal cases", "Texas criminal procedure officer duties", "Official duties under the Code of Criminal Procedure", "Duties of district attorneys and courts" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "2A", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 2A. OFFICERS; POWERS AND DUTIES", "url": "/statutes/CR/2A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/2A.json", "summary": "Chapter 2A of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure lists every type of person who is considered a peace officer, including special categories like tribal, railroad, and adjunct officers. It sets out the powers they may use, such as arrest, search, and carrying weapons, and details their duties, reporting obligations, and how they interact with other agencies. The chapter also defines the roles of magistrates and court clerks in criminal cases and outlines procedures for special investigators and other non‑peace‑officer law enforcement agents.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is considered a peace officer in Texas?", "Can a railroad employee act as a peace officer?", "What powers do tribal peace officers have on reservation land?", "Do special federal agents have the same authority as Texas peace officers?", "Am I allowed to stop a peace officer from carrying a weapon in a public place?", "What reporting duties do peace officers have after an officer‑involved shooting?", "How are magistrates and court clerks required to handle criminal process and evidence?", "What are the rules for a sheriff’s deputy when transporting a prisoner across state lines?", "When must a peace officer report a child safety alert or abuse allegation?", "What are the consequences if a law‑enforcement agency fails to file required reports?" ], "issue_tags": [ "peace-officers", "law-enforcement-powers", "reporting-requirements", "special-investigators", "tribal-officers", "railroad-officers", "magistrate-duties", "clerk-procedures" ], "synonyms": [ "Peace Officer Definitions", "Law Enforcement Officer Powers", "Criminal Procedure Chapter 2A", "Officer Duties and Reporting", "Texas Peace Officer Statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "2B", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 2B. LAW ENFORCEMENT INTERACTIONS WITH PUBLIC", "url": "/statutes/CR/2B.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/2B.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for how Texas police and other law‑enforcement agencies must interact with the public. It bans racial profiling, requires detailed reporting of vehicle stops, and mandates policies, training, and grant programs for body‑worn cameras. It also outlines recording requirements for custodial interrogations, limits on use of force, and duties to provide emergency aid.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a peace officer stop a vehicle because the driver’s race or ethnicity matches a certain group?", "What must a police department do to prevent and report racial profiling?", "What information does an officer have to report after a motor‑vehicle stop?", "What are the penalties if a law‑enforcement agency fails to submit the required stop data?", "Do officers have to wear body‑worn cameras, and what policies must govern their use?", "How can the public request and obtain body‑camera footage, and what restrictions apply?", "Can an agency let officers use privately owned body cameras instead of agency‑issued ones?", "What training is required before a department can start a body‑camera program?", "When must a custodial interrogation be electronically recorded, and what are the exceptions?", "Are recordings of custodial interrogations available to the public?", "What restrictions exist on using choke holds or neck restraints during an arrest?", "What should an officer do if they witness another officer using excessive force?" ], "issue_tags": [ "racial-profiling", "body-worn-cameras", "stop-reporting", "use-of-force", "custodial-interrogation-recording", "police-grants", "emergency-aid" ], "synonyms": [ "law enforcement public interaction rules", "police‑public conduct statutes", "Texas police policy chapter", "officer accountability provisions", "body camera and stop data requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "3", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 3. DEFINITIONS", "url": "/statutes/CR/3.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/3.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the basic definitions used throughout Texas's criminal procedure code. It explains how ordinary words are interpreted, defines a criminal action as a case brought by the state, identifies who counts as officers, and clarifies what official misconduct means for public servants.", "questions_answered": [ "What does 'criminal action' mean in Texas?", "Who is considered an officer under the criminal procedure code?", "What is official misconduct?", "Does official misconduct include intentional violations by a public servant?", "How are ordinary words and phrases interpreted in the code?", "Are there special definitions for terms in the Texas criminal procedure code?", "Who prosecutes criminal cases in Texas?", "What does 'public servant' refer to in this context?", "When does a public servant's conduct become official misconduct?", "What is the difference between a magistrate and a peace officer?", "How is 'official capacity' defined for a public servant?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-criminal-procedure", "definitions", "official-misconduct", "criminal-action", "officers" ], "synonyms": [ "Definitions chapter of Texas Criminal Procedure Code", "Section on terms in Texas Code of Criminal Procedure", "Chapter 3 definitions", "Texas criminal procedure definitions", "Official misconduct definition" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "4", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 4. COURTS AND CRIMINAL JURISDICTION", "url": "/statutes/CR/4.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/4.json", "summary": "This chapter lists every Texas court that can hear criminal cases and explains what types of crimes each court may handle. It sets out original and appellate authority for district, county, justice, municipal and other courts, and describes how cases can be moved between courts. The rules also cover special matters like bail bond forfeiture, juvenile jurisdiction, and the power of the Court of Criminal Appeals to issue writs.", "questions_answered": [ "Which Texas courts can hear felony cases?", "Can a municipal court try a crime that could result in jail time?", "What courts have the authority to hear criminal appeals?", "When must a misdemeanor case be transferred from a justice court to a district court?", "Who decides if a juvenile case should be tried in adult court?", "Can a justice of the peace forfeit a bail bond?", "Do county courts have jurisdiction over misdemeanors with fines over $500?", "Which courts can issue writs like habeas corpus in criminal matters?", "How is jurisdiction determined for crimes that occur within city limits?", "Can a case decided in a municipal court be appealed to a higher court?", "What courts have original jurisdiction over official misconduct misdemeanors?", "How are magistrates appointed in specific counties given criminal jurisdiction?" ], "issue_tags": [ "criminal-jurisdiction", "court-structure", "appellate-review", "case-transfer", "municipal-justice", "juvenile-jurisdiction", "bail-bond-forfeiture" ], "synonyms": [ "Criminal jurisdiction statutes", "Texas criminal court jurisdiction", "Chapter 4 criminal courts", "Criminal court jurisdiction rules", "Court jurisdiction provisions", "Criminal procedural jurisdiction" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "5", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 5. FAMILY VIOLENCE PREVENTION", "url": "/statutes/CR/5.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/5.json", "summary": "This chapter tells police, prosecutors, and courts how to handle family violence cases in Texas. It requires officers to protect victims, make detailed reports, and follow protective orders, and it says prosecutors cannot delay criminal charges because of related civil cases. The law also bars using mediation for these criminal matters.", "questions_answered": [ "What are police officers required to do when they respond to a family violence call?", "Do officers have to protect victims even if the alleged offender is a family member?", "What information must be included in a police report about a family violence incident?", "Can a police officer be held civil or criminally liable for helping a victim move personal belongings?", "Do prosecutors have to wait for a divorce or child custody case before filing family violence charges?", "Are protective orders from other states enforceable by Texas law enforcement?", "What steps must a law enforcement agency take to track and retrieve family violence reports?", "Can a court order a family violence case to go to mediation or arbitration?", "What duties do prosecutors have regarding filing protective orders in family violence cases?", "How are reports of family violence incidents shared with other state agencies?" ], "issue_tags": [ "family-violence", "law-enforcement-duties", "victim-protection", "reporting-requirements", "prosecutorial-obligations", "mediation-prohibition" ], "synonyms": [ "Family Violence Prevention Chapter", "Texas family violence statutes", "CCP Chapter 5", "Family Violence Enforcement Rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "5A", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 5A. PREVENTING, INVESTIGATING, AND PROSECUTING FAMILY VIOLENCE", "url": "/statutes/CR/5A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/5A.json", "summary": "Chapter 5A sets out how Texas police, prosecutors, and courts must handle family violence cases. It tells officers to protect victims, give them safety information, check and honor protective orders, and file detailed reports, especially when a foster home is involved. The chapter also bars delays, civil‑law influences, and alternative dispute processes in criminal prosecutions of family violence.", "questions_answered": [ "What are the duties of a police officer when they respond to a family violence call?", "Do officers have to give victims written safety notices and resource information?", "How must police handle protective orders from other jurisdictions?", "What reports must be filed after a family violence incident, and who receives them?", "Are police required to check if an address involved is a licensed foster home?", "Can a prosecutor delay or dismiss a family violence case because of a related civil case?", "Is a victim or defendant allowed to be sent to mediation or arbitration in a family violence criminal case?", "Who can access the written reports that police create about family violence incidents?", "What liability protections do officers have when they stay with a victim to help them leave safely?", "Do prosecutors need to notify law‑enforcement agencies about their responsibility to file protective orders?" ], "issue_tags": [ "family-violence", "police-duties", "protective-orders", "incident-reporting", "prosecution", "foster-home", "victim-notice" ], "synonyms": [ "family violence procedures", "domestic violence enforcement rules", "family abuse response statutes", "Texas family violence code", "family violence chapter 5A" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "5B", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 5B. PROCEDURES FOR CERTAIN OFFENSES INVOLVING ILLEGAL ENTRY INTO THIS STATE", "url": "/statutes/CR/5B.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/5B.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas police they cannot arrest or detain someone for illegal entry offenses while the person is on school grounds, in a house of worship, or at certain health‑care facilities. It also sets out how a judge can order a non‑citizen to return to their home country, what steps must be taken before that order is issued, and where the order is filed. Finally, it bars courts from dropping illegal‑entry charges just because a federal immigration case is pending.", "questions_answered": [ "Can police arrest me for illegal entry while I'm at a school or church?", "What locations are off‑limits for immigration enforcement in Texas?", "How does a Texas judge order someone to go back to their foreign country?", "What must happen before a return‑to‑foreign‑nation order can be issued?", "Do I have to agree to the order before I can be sent back?", "Can a judge dismiss an illegal entry charge because my immigration case is pending?", "What information does law enforcement have to collect before sending someone back?", "Where is the return order filed and who monitors it?", "When must the order be reported to the Department of Public Safety?", "What crimes are excluded from being ordered back to a foreign nation?", "Can a person with a prior illegal entry conviction get another return order?", "Are there any exceptions for people charged with more serious offenses?" ], "issue_tags": [ "illegal-entry", "immigration-enforcement", "protected-locations", "return-order", "prosecution-prohibition" ], "synonyms": [ "Procedures for illegal entry offenses", "Immigration enforcement restrictions", "Return-to-foreign-nation orders", "Chapter 5B immigration procedures", "Texas illegal entry enforcement rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "5C", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 5C. PROCEDURES FOR REAL PROPERTY THEFT AND FRAUD", "url": "/statutes/CR/5C.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/5C.json", "summary": "This chapter tells courts how to handle judgments in cases involving theft or fraud of real property. It requires the judgment to list the property’s address or legal description and the county clerk’s reference number, and it must be filed with the county clerk within ten days. Even if the judgment is missing those details, the conviction still stands.", "questions_answered": [ "What details must a judgment include for a real property theft or fraud conviction?", "Do I need to list the property’s street address or legal description in the court order?", "What county clerk reference number must appear in the judgment?", "Who is responsible for filing the judgment with the county clerk?", "How many days after a conviction must the judgment be filed with the county clerk?", "What documents must be filed with the county clerk for a real property fraud case?", "What happens if the judgment does not contain the required property information?", "Does a missing filing make the conviction invalid?", "Can a judgment be corrected if it fails to meet the chapter’s requirements?", "Which Penal Code sections trigger these filing rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "real-property-theft", "criminal-judgment-filing", "property-fraud", "court-order-recording", "compliance-requirements", "texas-criminal-procedure" ], "synonyms": [ "Procedures for Real Property Theft and Fraud", "Real Property Theft Judgment Requirements", "Real Estate Fraud Court Filing Rules", "Section 5C of Texas Criminal Procedure", "Real Property Crime Recording Requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "6", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 6. PREVENTING OFFENSES BY THE ACT OF MAGISTRATES AND OTHER OFFICERS; EDUCATION CONCERNING CONSEQUENCES OF CERTAIN OFFENSES", "url": "/statutes/CR/6.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/6.json", "summary": "This chapter tells magistrates and peace officers what they must do when they hear a threat, see an attempt to cause injury, or witness someone about to commit a crime. It requires them to notify other officers, issue arrest warrants, make arrests, or call on citizens for help, and lets magistrates require security or custody. The chapter also sets up court‑ordered education programs for certain juvenile offenders and requires a parent to attend court proceedings.", "questions_answered": [ "What should a magistrate do if they hear someone threaten to hurt another person?", "Can a magistrate issue an arrest warrant for a death threat they hear?", "What actions can a peace officer take when they see someone about to commit a violent act?", "May a peace officer call on private citizens to help stop an imminent crime?", "Can a magistrate require a threatening person to post security or be taken into custody?", "What are the duties of a peace officer when they learn of a threat against a spouse’s property?", "When must a court order a juvenile offender to attend an educational program?", "Is a parent required to be present at a juvenile’s plea hearing and other court proceedings?", "Who is responsible for paying the cost of a court‑ordered educational program for a juvenile offender?", "What level of force may a peace officer use to prevent an imminent offense?" ], "issue_tags": [ "threat-response", "magistrate-duties", "peace-officer-authority", "juvenile-education", "parental-attendance", "emergency-arrests" ], "synonyms": [ "Preventing offenses by magistrates and officers", "Magistrate and peace officer duties on threats", "Court‑ordered education for juvenile offenders", "Mandatory parent presence in juvenile cases", "Emergency arrest procedures" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "7", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 7. PROCEEDINGS BEFORE MAGISTRATES TO PREVENT OFFENSES", "url": "/statutes/CR/7.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/7.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a magistrate act quickly when someone threatens to commit a crime, issuing an arrest warrant and requiring the accused to post a peace bond. The bond promises the accused will not carry out the threat and must be paid to the state, with conditions on its amount, duration, and consequences for breaking it. If the accused refuses or violates the bond, they can be jailed, fined, or held in contempt, and the state can sue to recover the bond.", "questions_answered": [ "What can a magistrate do if someone threatens me with violence or property damage?", "How does a peace bond work and what does it require from the accused?", "Can I be arrested before a crime actually happens if I threaten to do it?", "What happens if I refuse or fail to post the required bond after a threat?", "How long can a peace bond last and can it be extended?", "What are the penalties if I break the conditions of a peace bond?", "Can a surety back out of a bond and what happens then?", "Who pays the court costs in these threat‑related proceedings?", "Can a magistrate order police protection for someone who has been threatened?", "How does the state recover a bond if the accused violates its terms?" ], "issue_tags": [ "peace-bond", "threat-warrant", "magistrate-proceedings", "bond-conditions", "contempt-penalty", "surety", "protective-order" ], "synonyms": [ "preemptive arrest statutes", "magistrate threat actions", "appearance bond rules", "preventive criminal procedure", "Texas peace bond law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "7B", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 7B. PROTECTIVE ORDERS", "url": "/statutes/CR/7B.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/7B.json", "summary": "This chapter lets victims of certain sexual crimes, stalking, trafficking, burglary and related offenses apply for court‑issued protective orders, and lets the state file them on the victim’s behalf. It sets out how temporary emergency orders can be issued without a hearing, what conditions the orders can include (such as no contact, stay‑away distances, and firearm restrictions), how long the orders last, and how they can be modified or ended. The chapter also adds special rules for stalking cases and for offenses motivated by bias or prejudice, and requires clear warnings about penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "How can a victim of a sexual assault or related crime get a protective order in Texas?", "Can the state prosecutor file a protective order for me if I’m a victim?", "What is a temporary ex parte protective order and when can a judge issue one?", "What restrictions can a protective order place on the alleged offender?", "Does a protective order require the offender to surrender a firearm?", "How long does a protective order stay in effect and can it be shortened?", "How can a protective order be changed or cancelled after it’s issued?", "What penalties apply if someone violates a protective order?", "Can I request a protective order if I’m a victim of stalking?", "Are there protective orders for crimes committed because of bias or prejudice?", "What courts can I file a protective order application in?", "Do protective orders include special warnings about contempt of court?" ], "issue_tags": [ "protective-orders", "victim-rights", "ex-parte-orders", "stalking", "bias-motivated-crime", "firearm-restriction", "order-enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "protective order statute", "victim protection orders", "court restraining orders", "ex parte protective orders", "Texas protective order law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "7C", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 7C. PROHIBITION ON RECOGNITION, SERVICE, AND ENFORCEMENT OF EXTREME RISK PROTECTIVE ORDERS", "url": "/statutes/CR/7C.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/7C.json", "summary": "This chapter stops Texas state agencies, local governments, and law‑enforcement officials from recognizing, serving, or enforcing extreme risk protective orders (ERPOs) unless the order is authorized by Texas law. It also bars those entities from accepting federal grant money to carry out such orders and makes it a state jail felony to try to enforce an unauthorized ERPO. Federal ERPO rules that conflict with constitutional rights are declared unenforceable in Texas.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a Texas city or county enforce an extreme risk protective order that was issued by a federal agency?", "Is it illegal for a Texas sheriff or police department to serve an extreme risk protective order that isn’t authorized by state law?", "What penalties apply if a Texas government employee tries to enforce an unauthorized extreme risk protective order?", "Are local governments allowed to adopt policies or ordinances about extreme risk protective orders?", "Can Texas entities receive federal grant money to implement or enforce extreme risk protective orders?", "Does this law affect protective orders that come from the Family Code or other Texas statutes?", "What happens to an extreme risk protective order that was issued under another state’s law but is being used in Texas?", "Are district attorneys in Texas prohibited from enforcing extreme risk protective orders that aren’t state‑authorized?", "Do federal extreme risk protective orders that limit gun rights or free speech have any effect in Texas?", "Can a Texas agency enforce an extreme risk protective order that was issued without a criminal charge against the subject?" ], "issue_tags": [ "extreme-risk-protective-order", "state-authority", "federal-grants", "criminal-penalty", "constitutional-rights" ], "synonyms": [ "ERPO prohibition", "ban on extreme risk protective orders", "Texas law on extreme risk orders", "restriction on serving ERPOs", "anti-ERPO enforcement rule" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "8", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 8. SUPPRESSION OF RIOTS AND OTHER DISTURBANCES", "url": "/statutes/CR/8.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/8.json", "summary": "This chapter gives police, sheriffs, and magistrates the authority to call on citizens, county militia, or volunteer military units to help stop riots, unlawful assemblies, and other disturbances. It also lets magistrates appoint special constables for election‑day security, sets limits on the amount of force that may be used, and requires those assisting to act impartially and within the law.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a sheriff call the militia to help stop a riot?", "What can a police officer do to disperse a riot without a warrant?", "May a magistrate appoint special constables for election‑day disturbances?", "What limits the amount of force officers can use when breaking up a crowd?", "Can the governor send militia from another county to assist with a riot?", "Do officers have to get a court order before arresting people in a riot?", "What is considered an unlawful assembly under this law?", "Can a civilian be required to assist a law‑enforcement officer during a disturbance?", "What powers do special constables have while they are appointed?", "How are special constables sworn in and what duties must they follow?", "When can military or militia companies be ordered to help enforce the law?", "What steps must a magistrate take to appoint a special constable for election security?" ], "issue_tags": [ "riot-suppression", "militia-assistance", "special-constables", "unlawful-assembly", "law-enforcement-authority", "election-security" ], "synonyms": [ "Riot Control Statute", "Chapter on Suppression of Riots", "Law on Unlawful Assemblies", "Military Aid in Civil Disturbances", "Special Constable Authority", "Civilian Assistance in Law Enforcement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "9", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 9. OFFENSES INJURIOUS TO PUBLIC HEALTH", "url": "/statutes/CR/9.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/9.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a court stop a business or trade that harms the health of a neighborhood, require the owner to post a bond promising not to continue the harmful activity, and enforce that bond by seizing or destroying equipment and products. If the owner breaks the bond or sells unsafe food, the state can sue to collect the bond and the sheriff can confiscate and destroy the offending items.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a court order a business to stop operating if it endangers public health?", "What does the court require from a business owner after being found harmful to health?", "What happens if the owner refuses to post the required bond?", "Can the sheriff seize and destroy a business's equipment or products for health violations?", "How does the state enforce a bond if the business continues the harmful activity?", "What is the time limit for the state to sue for breach of a health‑related bond?", "Who can apply to the court to restrain a trade that threatens neighborhood health?", "What must be included in the bond for a health‑related offense?", "What are the consequences for selling unwholesome food or adulterated medicine?", "Can a conviction lead to a permanent ban on a specific trade or occupation?" ], "issue_tags": [ "public-health", "trade-restriction", "bond-enforcement", "food-safety", "seizure-destruction", "criminal-procedure" ], "synonyms": [ "Health‑related trade offenses", "Public health violations", "Injurious trade statutes", "Health hazard business regulations", "Unwholesome food enforcement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "9A", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 9A. TRADE, BUSINESS, OR OCCUPATION INJURIOUS TO PUBLIC HEALTH", "url": "/statutes/CR/9A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/9A.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a court issue orders to stop or limit a trade, business, or occupation that harms the health of a neighborhood. After a conviction, the order becomes permanent and the defendant must post a bond promising not to resume the harmful activity. If the bond is refused or broken, the court can jail the defendant, seize and destroy the offending goods, and the state can sue to collect the bond amount.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a court order a business to stop operating if it endangers public health?", "What can happen after I am convicted of running a trade that harms neighborhood health?", "Am I required to post a bond after being convicted of a health‑hazard business?", "What are the consequences if I refuse to sign the required bond?", "Can the court require me to limit how and where I conduct my business?", "What penalties apply if I violate a court order restricting my trade?", "Can the sheriff seize and destroy unsafe food or medicine after a conviction?", "How long does the state have to sue for breach of the bond?", "Who can bring a lawsuit against me for breaking the bond?", "What does a permanent restraining order mean for my occupation?" ], "issue_tags": [ "public-health", "business-restriction", "bond-requirement", "criminal-conviction", "seizure-destruction", "court-order" ], "synonyms": [ "injurious trade statutes", "public health business restrictions", "health‑hazard business orders", "occupational health injunctions", "Texas Chapter 9A", "injurious occupation provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "11", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 11. HABEAS CORPUS", "url": "/statutes/CR/11.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/11.json", "summary": "This chapter explains Texas's habeas corpus process, which lets a person challenge unlawful detention. It tells who can issue the writ, how to apply, what the paperwork must include, and the steps for hearings, including special rules for death‑penalty cases, community supervision, and new scientific evidence. It also covers fees, appointed counsel, and what happens if a court or officer refuses to follow the writ.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I start a habeas corpus petition in Texas?", "Who is allowed to issue a writ of habeas corpus?", "Can I get a lawyer appointed to help me with a habeas corpus case?", "What are the filing deadlines for a habeas corpus after a conviction or indictment?", "Do I have to pay a filing fee when I apply for a writ of habeas corpus?", "What special procedures apply if I am on death row and want to challenge my sentence?", "Can I use habeas corpus to challenge community supervision or probation conditions?", "What should I do if a jailer or sheriff refuses to obey a habeas corpus writ?", "How does the court handle new scientific or DNA evidence in a habeas corpus application?", "What happens if my initial habeas corpus application is denied and I want to file another one?" ], "issue_tags": [ "habeas-corpus", "criminal-procedure", "filing-deadlines", "appointed-counsel", "death-penalty", "community-supervision", "evidence-review", "court-orders" ], "synonyms": [ "writ of habeas corpus", "habeas petition", "habeas relief", "Texas habeas corpus procedure", "court order to produce detainee" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "12", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 12. LIMITATION", "url": "/statutes/CR/12.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/12.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the time limits for filing criminal charges in Texas. It lists which felonies have no limitation period, which have ten, seven, five, or shorter years, and provides special rules for crimes involving children, DNA evidence, and other specific circumstances. It also explains how to compute the limitation period, including pauses for the defendant’s absence or while an indictment is pending.", "questions_answered": [ "How long does the state have to bring a murder charge?", "Which crimes have no statute of limitations in Texas?", "What is the deadline for filing a theft or robbery charge?", "How does DNA testing affect the limitation period for burglary or sexual assault cases?", "What are the limitation periods for crimes against children, like kidnapping or child pornography?", "Do the time limits change if the defendant leaves the state?", "When does the clock start and stop for a criminal case?", "What is the filing deadline for a misdemeanor assault involving a family member?", "How are limitation periods handled for attempted crimes or conspiracies?", "What is the time limit for filing a racketeering charge?", "How long does a prosecutor have to present a felony indictment for fraud against a trust?", "Does a pending indictment pause the limitation period?" ], "issue_tags": [ "statute-of-limitations", "felony-limitations", "misdemeanor-limitations", "child-victim-crimes", "dna-evidence", "time-computation" ], "synonyms": [ "Criminal limitation statutes", "Statute of limitations for crimes", "Time limits on criminal charges", "Indictment filing deadlines", "Criminal prosecution time bars" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "13A", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 13A. VENUE", "url": "/statutes/CR/13A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/13A.json", "summary": "Chapter 13A of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure tells courts which county can handle a criminal case. It says the case can be tried where the crime happened, where the defendant lives or was caught, and provides special rules for crimes that cross county lines, involve children, or occur on vessels, rivers, airports, and other unique locations. The chapter also lists venue options for many specific offenses like conspiracy, kidnapping, fraud, and organized crime.", "questions_answered": [ "Where can a criminal case be tried if the exact spot of the offense isn’t known?", "Can a crime be prosecuted in the county where the defendant lives instead of where it happened?", "What county can handle a crime that was committed on a river that forms a county boundary?", "If a victim is injured in one county and dies in another, which county has venue?", "Where can offenses that happen on a boat or vessel be prosecuted?", "How is venue determined for crimes that involve children as victims?", "Can a felony case be moved to a different county if the defendant, the state, and the court all agree?", "What venue rules apply to crimes like kidnapping, trafficking, or sexual assault that cross county lines?", "Which county can prosecute a conspiracy or organized criminal activity that was planned in one place but carried out elsewhere?" ], "issue_tags": [ "venue", "jurisdiction", "criminal-prosecution", "location", "texas-law", "offense-specific-venue" ], "synonyms": [ "venue rules", "criminal venue statutes", "Texas venue provisions", "venue and jurisdiction guidelines", "venue chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "14", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 14. ARREST WITHOUT WARRANT", "url": "/statutes/CR/14.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/14.json", "summary": "Chapter 14 tells when a peace officer can arrest someone without a warrant, such as when the crime is seen, when there is probable cause, or when the officer is in fresh pursuit of a felony suspect. It also covers special rules for releasing intoxicated adults, people with intellectual disabilities, and out‑of‑state officers, and requires that arrested persons be taken before a magistrate quickly.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a police officer arrest me without a warrant if they see me commit a crime?", "What does \"in view\" mean for a warrantless arrest?", "When can an officer arrest someone based on probable cause instead of actually seeing the crime?", "Do officers need a warrant to enter a home to make an arrest?", "What are the rules for arresting someone with an intellectual or developmental disability?", "Can a police officer release a drunk adult to a treatment program instead of jail?", "What must an officer do if they arrest a person who is a ward of the court?", "Can an out‑of‑state police officer arrest someone in Texas while in pursuit?", "How soon must an arrested person be taken before a magistrate?", "What rights does an officer have when making a warrantless arrest?" ], "issue_tags": [ "warrantless-arrest", "probable-cause", "public-intoxication", "disability-release", "out-of-jurisdiction", "magistrate-appearance" ], "synonyms": [ "Arrest without warrant", "Warrantless arrest rules", "Police authority to arrest without a warrant", "Officer arrest powers", "Non‑warrant arrests" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "15", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 15. ARREST UNDER WARRANT", "url": "/statutes/CR/15.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/15.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how a Texas arrest warrant works, what must be included in the written order, and who can issue it. It also covers how warrants are sent to other counties, how officers must carry out arrests, and the rights the arrested person must be told about, including options for video appearances and school notifications.", "questions_answered": [ "What details must a Texas arrest warrant contain?", "Who is allowed to issue a warrant of arrest or a summons?", "Can a magistrate forward a warrant to another county, and how is that done?", "What are the police officer’s duties after arresting someone under a warrant?", "When and how must a magistrate inform an arrested person of their rights?", "Is it possible for an arrested person to appear before a magistrate via video conference?", "What happens if a mayor issues a warrant—can it be used outside their city?", "What notifications must be made to schools when a student is arrested?", "What level of force may police use to make an arrest?", "How does a personal bond work if no bail is demanded within the required time?" ], "issue_tags": [ "arrest-warrant", "magistrate-issuance", "suspect-rights", "warrant-forwarding", "use-of-force", "electronic-arrest", "school-notification", "bond-release" ], "synonyms": [ "Arrest warrant procedures", "Warrant of arrest rules", "Texas arrest under warrant", "Magistrate arrest orders", "Arrest authority and execution" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "16", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 16. THE COMMITMENT OR DISCHARGE OF THE ACCUSED", "url": "/statutes/CR/16.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/16.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rules for the early stage of a criminal case, including the examining trial where the magistrate reviews the accusation, the rights of the accused to counsel and to remain silent, how witnesses are handled, and how bail or detention is decided. It also explains how a defendant can be committed to jail, what a commitment order must contain, and special procedures for people with mental illness or substance‑abuse issues, including diversion to treatment and reporting requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "When does an examining trial happen and what does it involve?", "Do I have to talk to the court or can I stay silent?", "Can I get a lawyer before the first hearing and will the court pay for one?", "How is bail set, postponed, or denied during the early hearing?", "What happens if the court needs more witness testimony and the trial is postponed?", "What is a commitment order and how does a sheriff handle a committed defendant?", "What are the rules if there is no safe jail in the county where I’m charged?", "How does the court handle defendants who may have a mental illness or intellectual disability?", "Can the court order me to a mental health or substance‑abuse assessment, and what are my rights?", "What is the diversion program for people in a mental health crisis who are charged with a misdemeanor?", "How are witnesses compelled to appear and are they paid for their testimony?", "What reporting must be done if a defendant enters a pre‑trial intervention program?" ], "issue_tags": [ "examining-trial", "bail-and-detention", "witness-attachment", "commitment-order", "mental-health-assessment", "diversion-program", "pretrial-intervention" ], "synonyms": [ "examining trial procedures", "preliminary hearing rules", "commitment and discharge of accused", "pretrial detention rules", "mental health screening for defendants", "diversion for mental health crises" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "17", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 17. BAIL", "url": "/statutes/CR/17.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/17.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rules for bail in Texas, defining bail and bail bonds, and explaining how a defendant can be released on personal bond or with sureties. It requires magistrates to use a public safety report when deciding bail, outlines the training magistrates must complete, and details the conditions and procedures for setting, modifying, or denying bail. The chapter also covers special rules for certain offenses, charitable bail organizations, and electronic monitoring or other conditions tied to release.", "questions_answered": [ "What is bail and how does it work in Texas?", "Can I be released on my own promise instead of paying cash or using a bail bond?", "What factors does a judge consider when setting my bail amount?", "How does the public safety report affect my bail decision?", "What training do magistrates need before they can set bail?", "Are there special bail rules for violent crimes or offenses involving children?", "Can a charitable organization pay my bail bond, and what are the requirements?", "What happens if I can’t afford the bail amount that’s set for me?", "Can my bail be reduced or revoked, and what notice do I get?", "What conditions can be placed on my release, like home monitoring or no contact orders?" ], "issue_tags": [ "bail-process", "personal-bond", "public-safety-report", "bail-conditions", "bail-training", "charitable-bail", "electronic-monitoring", "bail-eligibility" ], "synonyms": [ "bail", "pretrial release", "bond", "personal bond", "bail bond", "release on bail", "bail procedures", "Texas bail law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "17A", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 17A. CORPORATIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS", "url": "/statutes/CR/17A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/17A.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rules for handling corporations and associations in criminal cases. It explains how to name them in a complaint, how the court summons and serves them, how they appear through counsel, and notes that they cannot receive adult probation. It also requires the court to notify the attorney general if a corporation or its high‑managerial agent is convicted.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I correctly name a corporation or association in a criminal complaint?", "Do I have to prove that a corporation was lawfully incorporated to sue it criminally?", "How is a corporation served with a criminal summons?", "What if a corporation has no registered agent or cannot be found at its registered office?", "Can an individual be arrested for a crime charged against a corporation?", "How does a corporation or association appear in court for a criminal case?", "What happens if a corporation does not respond to a criminal summons?", "Can a corporation receive adult probation after a criminal conviction?", "What is a “high managerial agent” and how does it affect corporate liability?", "How are associations served with a criminal summons?", "When must the attorney general be notified of a corporation’s conviction?", "What are the time limits for filing pleadings after a corporation’s arraignment?" ], "issue_tags": [ "criminal-procedure", "corporate-criminal-liability", "service-of-process", "summons", "probation", "attorney-general-notice", "high-managerial-agent" ], "synonyms": [ "Corporate criminal responsibility", "Criminal liability of corporations and associations", "Corporate and association criminal procedure", "Criminal process for businesses", "Corporate summons rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "18", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 18. SEARCH WARRANTS", "url": "/statutes/CR/18.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/18.json", "summary": "This chapter lays out the rules for getting, issuing, and carrying out search warrants in Texas. It explains who can sign a warrant, what facts must be shown, what can be searched or seized, and how special warrants for things like DNA, blood, child photos, or electronic devices work. It also covers how long a warrant is valid, how seized items are handled, and when affidavits can be sealed.", "questions_answered": [ "What do I need to prove to get a search warrant in Texas?", "Which judges or magistrates can issue a search warrant?", "Can police search my cell phone or computer without a warrant?", "How long does a search warrant stay active before it expires?", "Can a search warrant be used to take a blood or DNA sample from someone?", "What are the rules for photographing a child under a search warrant?", "What happens to property that is seized under a search warrant?", "Can a magistrate keep the affidavit for a search warrant secret?", "Can a search warrant be issued based on information given over the phone?", "Are police allowed to arrest someone while executing a search warrant?", "Can a body cavity search be done during a traffic stop without a warrant?", "What are the limits on searching a newspaper or media office with a warrant?" ], "issue_tags": [ "search-warrant", "probable-cause", "warrant-execution", "electronic-data", "seizure-disposition", "affidavit-sealing", "special-warrants", "body-cavity-search" ], "synonyms": [ "search warrant rules", "Texas search warrant statutes", "search warrant procedures", "search warrant issuance", "search warrant execution", "search warrant requirements", "search warrant guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "18A", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 18A. DETECTION, INTERCEPTION, AND USE OF WIRE, ORAL, AND ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS", "url": "/statutes/CR/18A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/18A.json", "summary": "Chapter 18A sets out the rules Texas law enforcement must follow to listen in on phone calls, voice conversations, and electronic messages. It explains how prosecutors request a court order, what crimes qualify, limits on how long and where a tap can be placed, and special provisions for emergencies and prisons. The chapter also covers how intercepted recordings are handled, how parties are notified, and the penalties for misuse.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a Texas prosecutor obtain a wiretap or electronic surveillance order?", "What types of crimes allow law enforcement to intercept communications?", "How long can a wiretap or electronic interception be authorized to last?", "Can a judge approve a covert entry into a home to install a listening device?", "What are the rules for emergency interception when there is an immediate threat?", "Can prison officials monitor inmates' cell phones without a warrant?", "What penalties apply if someone illegally intercepts a communication?", "How must intercepted recordings be stored, sealed, and eventually destroyed?", "Do I have a right to sue if my communications are intercepted without proper authorization?", "What notice must be given to parties when a wiretap order is issued or denied?", "Can a service provider be forced to help install a wiretap, and are they compensated?" ], "issue_tags": [ "wiretap", "electronic-surveillance", "interception-order", "criminal-procedure", "privacy", "law-enforcement", "court-order" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas wiretap law", "interception of communications statute", "electronic surveillance chapter", "wire, oral, and electronic communication interception rules", "Chapter 18A criminal procedure" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "18B", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 18B. INSTALLATION AND USE OF TRACKING EQUIPMENT; ACCESS TO COMMUNICATIONS", "url": "/statutes/CR/18B.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/18B.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rules Texas law enforcement must follow to install and use tracking equipment like pen registers, ESN readers, trap‑and‑trace devices, and GPS trackers. It explains how prosecutors and peace officers obtain court orders or warrants, the limits on how long the equipment can be used, and the duties of service providers and agencies. The law also includes emergency provisions, oversight requirements, and civil remedies for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "How can a police officer get a court order to install a GPS tracker on a vehicle?", "What is a pen register or trap‑and‑trace device and when can it be used?", "Do law enforcement officers need a warrant to access my phone’s location information?", "What are the emergency rules for installing tracking equipment without a prior order?", "How long does a court order for a tracking device or pen register stay in effect?", "Are telecom companies required to be paid for providing equipment or assistance to police?", "What privacy protections exist for stored electronic communications and customer data?", "Can I challenge a subpoena or court order that seeks my electronic data?", "Who is authorized to request a warrant for location information in Texas?", "What happens if a law‑enforcement agency does not follow the required policies for using this equipment?" ], "issue_tags": [ "tracking-equipment", "electronic-surveillance", "warrant-procedures", "privacy-protections", "law-enforcement-authority", "emergency-use" ], "synonyms": [ "tracking device authorization", "pen register and trap‑and‑trace rules", "electronic communications data access", "mobile GPS tracking law", "Texas electronic surveillance chapter", "law enforcement surveillance statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "19A", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 19A. GRAND JURY ORGANIZATION", "url": "/statutes/CR/19A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/19A.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how Texas grand juries are put together, who can serve, and how they are selected, qualified, and organized. It covers rules for exemptions, challenges, confidentiality of juror information, the length of a grand jury’s term, and the duties of bailiffs who assist the jury.", "questions_answered": [ "How are grand jurors selected and summoned in Texas?", "What are the qualifications required to serve on a Texas grand jury?", "Can someone be exempt from grand jury service because of age, school, or caregiving responsibilities?", "What happens if a summoned grand juror fails to appear for service?", "How can a person challenge the selection of a grand juror or the entire panel?", "What is the minimum number of jurors needed for a grand jury to act and how is a quorum defined?", "Can a grand jury’s term be extended and for how long?", "Are the personal details of grand jurors kept confidential?", "What duties do bailiffs have in a grand jury setting?", "How are disqualified or unavailable jurors replaced during a grand jury’s term?" ], "issue_tags": [ "grand-jury-selection", "juror-qualifications", "exemptions", "challenges", "confidentiality", "term-extension", "bailiff-duties" ], "synonyms": [ "Grand Jury Organization", "Grand Jury Formation", "Texas Grand Jury Rules", "Grand Jury Selection Process", "Grand Jury Qualifications and Exemptions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "20A", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 20A. GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS", "url": "/statutes/CR/20A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/20A.json", "summary": "Chapter 20A lays out the rules for Texas grand juries, covering what the grand jury and its foreperson must do, when and where they meet, who may be present, how testimony is recorded, and how secrecy is maintained. It also explains how witnesses are summoned, examined, and compelled, and describes the steps for voting on, preparing, and presenting an indictment.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is allowed to be in the grand jury room during hearings and deliberations?", "What are the duties and powers of the grand jury foreperson?", "How does a grand jury schedule its meetings and what limits exist on adjournments?", "What warnings must be given to a suspect before testifying before a grand jury?", "Can a witness be forced to testify, and what penalties apply for refusing?", "How can a defendant request access to secret grand jury records or recordings?", "What are the rules for summoning in‑county and out‑of‑county witnesses?", "How does the grand jury vote on an indictment and what number of jurors is required?", "What steps are required to prepare, sign, and present an indictment to the court?", "What penalties exist for anyone who discloses grand jury information illegally?", "Can a peace officer testify before a grand jury via video, and what safeguards apply?" ], "issue_tags": [ "grand-jury-procedures", "secrecy", "witness-rights", "indictment-process", "grand-jury-records", "foreperson-duties" ], "synonyms": [ "Grand jury rules", "Grand jury procedures", "Grand jury code", "Texas grand jury statutes", "Grand jury chapter 20A", "Grand jury proceedings" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "21", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 21. INDICTMENT AND INFORMATION", "url": "/statutes/CR/21.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/21.json", "summary": "Chapter 21 lays out the rules for how criminal charges are formally presented in Texas, whether through a grand‑jury indictment or a prosecutor’s information. It tells what must be included, how the documents can be filed (including electronically), how they can be amended, combined, or transferred, and even covers special topics like perjury charges and required health testing for certain defendants.", "questions_answered": [ "What is an indictment and how does it differ from an information?", "What information must be included in a grand‑jury indictment to be valid?", "Can a charging document be filed electronically, and what are the requirements?", "How should a defendant’s name or description be stated when the exact name is unknown?", "What are the rules for describing property or stolen goods in an indictment?", "Can multiple offenses be charged in a single indictment or information?", "What should be done if an indictment or information is lost or damaged?", "When and how can a case be transferred to another court or justice of the peace?", "What are the requirements for perjury or aggravated perjury charges in an indictment?", "Do defendants have to undergo HIV or other disease testing after being indicted for certain crimes?" ], "issue_tags": [ "indictment-requirements", "information-filing", "electronic-filing", "case-transfer", "property-description", "perjury-charges", "health-testing" ], "synonyms": [ "grand jury indictment", "prosecutor's information", "charging instrument", "criminal charging document", "indictment rules", "information requirements", "electronic filing of charges" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "22", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 22. FORFEITURE OF BAIL", "url": "/statutes/CR/22.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/22.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you when a bail bond is taken away because the defendant didn’t appear in court, how the court officially declares the forfeiture, and how the defendant’s sureties are notified. It also explains the sureties’ right to contest the forfeiture, how the court can reduce or return the bond, and the time limits for filing a forfeiture action or a review.", "questions_answered": [ "What happens to my bail if I fail to appear for a required court date?", "How does the court officially forfeit a bail bond?", "What notice do my bail sureties receive when a bond is forfeited?", "Can a bail surety challenge a forfeiture and how?", "What are the valid reasons a bail bond can be exonerated or reduced?", "How long does the state have to start a bail forfeiture action?", "What is a special bill of review and when can a surety file one?", "How is the forfeited bail amount collected from the defendant and sureties?", "Can the court return part of the bail money after a forfeiture?", "What if a surety lives out of state or is deceased when the bond is forfeited?" ], "issue_tags": [ "bail-forfeiture", "surety-notice", "bond-exoneration", "judgment-review", "statute-of-limitations", "court-procedures" ], "synonyms": [ "bail forfeiture procedures", "bail bond forfeiture rules", "bail surety citation process", "forfeiture of bail bond", "bail bond exoneration guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "23", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 23. THE CAPIAS", "url": "/statutes/CR/23.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/23.json", "summary": "This chapter explains the capias, a court order that tells a peace officer to arrest a person charged with a crime and bring them to court. It sets out who can issue a capias, what information it must contain, how it can be delivered (including electronically), and what happens after the arrest, such as bail requirements and returning the writ. The rules cover both felony and misdemeanor cases, including special procedures for capital cases and situations where bail is forfeited.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a capias and how does it differ from a regular arrest warrant?", "When and by whom can a capias be issued?", "What details must be included in a capias for it to be valid?", "Can a capias be sent electronically, and if so, who can do that?", "What is the difference between a capias and a summons?", "Who is allowed to execute a capias and take the defendant into custody?", "How is bail set or adjusted when a defendant is arrested under a capias?", "What steps must be taken to return a capias after an arrest or if it isn’t executed?", "Can a capias be issued for multiple counties at once?", "What special rules apply to capiases in capital cases or when bail is forfeited?" ], "issue_tags": [ "capias-writ", "arrest-order", "bail-procedure", "felony", "misdemeanor", "electronic-writ", "capital-case" ], "synonyms": [ "arrest warrant", "court-issued arrest order", "writ of capias", "capias order", "capias summons" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "24", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 24. SUBPOENA AND ATTACHMENT", "url": "/statutes/CR/24.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/24.json", "summary": "Chapter 24 sets out how Texas courts can summon people to testify in criminal cases, how those summonses (subpoenas) must be served, and what happens if a witness does not appear. It also explains special rules for child witnesses, the use of attachments to detain witnesses, and the fines or bail that may be imposed for non‑compliance.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a court issue a subpoena to require someone to appear in a criminal case?", "Who can serve a subpoena and what methods of service are allowed?", "What can happen if a witness refuses to obey a subpoena?", "Are there special rules for summoning a child witness?", "When can a court issue an attachment to detain a witness?", "How is bail set for a witness who is required to appear?", "What fines apply to witnesses who fail to appear or produce evidence?", "How are out‑of‑county or out‑of‑state witnesses handled?", "Can a non‑peace officer be forced to deliver a subpoena?", "What steps must be taken to secure a witness who is in jail or a juvenile facility?", "How does a witness request a hearing if they are being held under an attachment?", "What paperwork is needed to request an attachment for a material witness?" ], "issue_tags": [ "subpoena", "witness-attachment", "child-witness", "contempt-fine", "out-of-state-witness", "bail", "service-methods" ], "synonyms": [ "court summons", "material witness detention", "Texas criminal subpoena rules", "attachment writ", "witness service and enforcement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "24A", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 24A. RESPONDING TO SUBPOENAS AND CERTAIN OTHER COURT ORDERS; PRESERVING CERTAIN INFORMATION", "url": "/statutes/CR/24A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/24A.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out how internet and other online service providers must respond when they receive a subpoena, search warrant, or similar court order that relates to certain criminal investigations. It gives a 10‑day deadline to comply or ask a court for relief, with a faster deadline for emergencies, and allows penalties for non‑compliance. It also requires providers to preserve requested data for at least 90 days while law enforcement prepares the formal order, with the possibility of an extension.", "questions_answered": [ "What do I have to do if I run a website and get a subpoena for user information?", "How long do I have to comply with a court order that asks for data from my online service?", "Can I refuse to turn over data if I think the subpoena is improper?", "What happens if I ignore a subpoena or search warrant for my internet service?", "Do I need to preserve user data before a subpoena is issued, and for how long?", "Can the preservation period be extended beyond 90 days?", "What types of online companies are covered by these rules?", "Is there a faster deadline for emergency situations that threaten someone's life?", "Do these rules apply to both state and federal law‑enforcement requests?", "What penalties could I face for not following a subpoena or warrant?" ], "issue_tags": [ "online-service-provider", "subpoena-compliance", "data-preservation", "court-order-response", "criminal-investigation" ], "synonyms": [ "online provider subpoena rules", "digital service provider compliance", "electronic data preservation requirements", "subpoena response obligations for ISPs", "court order response for internet companies" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "25", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 25. SERVICE OF A COPY OF THE INDICTMENT", "url": "/statutes/CR/25.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/25.json", "summary": "This chapter tells how a certified copy of a criminal indictment must be handed to the accused. For felonies, the court clerk sends the copy to the sheriff, who must promptly give it to the accused or their lawyer, whether the person is in custody or out on bail. For misdemeanors, the clerk must get the copy to the accused or their counsel as soon as possible before trial.", "questions_answered": [ "When does a person accused of a felony get a copy of the indictment?", "Who is responsible for delivering the indictment copy to the accused?", "What must the sheriff do after receiving the indictment copy and writ?", "How is the indictment copy delivered if the accused is out on bail?", "When must the copy be given to a defendant in a misdemeanor case?", "Can the accused's attorney receive the indictment copy instead of the accused?", "What paperwork does the sheriff return to the court after delivering the copy?", "Is there a deadline for the clerk to send the indictment copy to the sheriff?", "What happens if the accused is already in custody when the indictment is filed?", "Do I need to request the indictment copy, or is it automatically sent?" ], "issue_tags": [ "service-of-indictment", "criminal-procedure", "felony-indictment", "misdemeanor-indictment", "bail", "sheriff-delivery", "court-clerk" ], "synonyms": [ "indictment service rules", "delivery of indictment copy", "process for serving indictment", "criminal charge service", "indictment copy delivery procedure" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "26", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 26. ARRAIGNMENT", "url": "/statutes/CR/26.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/26.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out how a criminal case moves from indictment to the first court appearance, called an arraignment, where the defendant’s identity is confirmed and a plea is entered. It explains when arraignments must occur, how defendants can waive them, and how courts appoint lawyers for people who cannot afford counsel, including public defender offices and special programs. The rules also cover how lawyers are paid, how indigence is determined, and special procedures for capital‑death cases.", "questions_answered": [ "When must my arraignment be scheduled after I receive an indictment?", "Can my attorney waive the arraignment for me, and do I have to be present?", "How does the court decide if I am indigent and qualify for a court‑appointed lawyer?", "What is the process for appointing a public defender or other court‑appointed attorney?", "Can a judge appoint a lawyer from another county or a managed counsel program?", "What qualifications must a lawyer have to be appointed in a death‑penalty case?", "How are court‑appointed attorneys compensated and reimbursed for expenses?", "What happens if I refuse to give my real name at arraignment?", "Can a county create an alternative program for appointing indigent counsel?", "What role does a guardian play in requesting counsel for an indigent defendant?" ], "issue_tags": [ "arraignment", "indigent-defendant", "public-defender", "counsel-appointment", "death-penalty", "compensation", "managed-counsel", "guardian-appointment" ], "synonyms": [ "Arraignment procedures", "Indigent defense appointment rules", "Public defender appointment guidelines", "Court‑appointed counsel process", "Texas criminal arraignment and counsel rules", "Capital case counsel appointment" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "27", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 27. THE PLEADING IN CRIMINAL ACTIONS", "url": "/statutes/CR/27.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/27.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rules for how a criminal case starts and how a defendant can respond. It lists the types of pleas a defendant may enter, the motions they can file to challenge an indictment, and the time limits for filing those documents. It also covers special situations like pleading by mail, via video, or while confined in a penal institution, and procedures for changing venue when pleading guilty.", "questions_answered": [ "What are the different pleas a defendant can enter in a Texas criminal case?", "How do I file a motion to set aside an indictment or information?", "What is a special plea and when can I use it?", "How long do I have to file my pleadings after being arrested?", "Can I plead guilty or nolo contendere by mail for a misdemeanor?", "Is it possible to enter a plea or waive rights through videoconference?", "What steps must I follow to change venue if I want to plead guilty in a different county?", "How does a defendant in a penal institution submit a guilty or nolo contendere plea?", "What is the effect of a nolo contendere plea compared to a guilty plea?", "When must a defendant appear in open court to enter a plea of not guilty?" ], "issue_tags": [ "criminal-pleas", "indictment-motions", "special-plea", "nolo-contendere", "videoconference-plea", "misdemeanor-plea", "venue-change", "filing-deadlines" ], "synonyms": [ "pleading rules", "defendant's pleas", "criminal pleading procedures", "indictment and information rules", "Texas criminal pleading statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "28", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 28. MOTIONS, PLEADINGS AND EXCEPTIONS", "url": "/statutes/CR/28.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/28.json", "summary": "Chapter 28 sets out how criminal cases move through pre‑trial hearings, including the defendant's arraignment, pleadings, motions, and exceptions to the indictment. It explains when and how indictments can be amended, when a defendant may be discharged, and how special pleas and prior judgments affect the case. The chapter also covers notice requirements, motions to suppress evidence, change of venue, and appointment of interpreters.", "questions_answered": [ "When can a court schedule a pre‑trial hearing and what must be discussed?", "How do I file a motion to suppress evidence before trial?", "What is the process for amending an indictment or information?", "What happens if a motion to set aside the indictment is granted?", "How much notice must I receive before a pre‑trial conference?", "Can a defendant be discharged after a successful motion to dismiss the charge?", "What are the rules for requesting a change of venue before trial?", "How are special pleas filed and what if they are excepted?", "Does a prior acquittal prevent the state from prosecuting the same offense again?", "What is the procedure for filing an exception to the form or substance of an indictment?", "When is an interpreter appointed for a criminal case?", "What are the consequences of a motion for discharge due to a speedy‑trial violation?" ], "issue_tags": [ "pre-trial-hearing", "criminal-motions", "indictment-amendment", "defendant-discharge", "special-pleas", "evidence-suppression", "change-of-venue", "speedy-trial" ], "synonyms": [ "pre‑trial procedures", "criminal motions and pleadings", "indictment exceptions", "defendant discharge rules", "criminal case pre‑trial conference", "motion to suppress evidence" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "29", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 29. CONTINUANCE", "url": "/statutes/CR/29.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/29.json", "summary": "Chapter 29 tells when a criminal case can be delayed, either automatically by law, by agreement of the parties, or by a written motion showing good cause. It covers special rules for religious holy days, insufficient notice, witness problems, bail after multiple delays, and the need to consider the impact on certain victims. The chapter also sets out the procedures for filing, opposing, and deciding continuance motions.", "questions_answered": [ "When can a criminal trial be automatically continued without a motion?", "How do I request a continuance because a religious holy day prevents me from appearing in court?", "What must a defendant include in a motion to postpone a trial due to a missing witness?", "What does the state need to show to get a continuance for a witness they cannot locate?", "What happens if the court sets a trial date with less than three days’ notice to the attorneys?", "Can a juror ask for a recess if a trial falls on their religious holy day?", "Do I get bail if the state keeps delaying the trial in a capital case?", "Does the court have to consider the effect on a victim when deciding a continuance?", "Can a continuance be granted after the trial has already started?", "What is the process for opposing a continuance motion?" ], "issue_tags": [ "continuance", "criminal-procedure", "religious-holiday", "witness-issues", "bail", "victim-impact", "notice" ], "synonyms": [ "court continuance", "trial postponement", "adjournment of criminal action", "delay of criminal case", "continuance motion" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "30", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 30. DISQUALIFICATION OF THE JUDGE", "url": "/statutes/CR/30.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/30.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out when a judge or justice of the peace must step aside from a criminal case because of personal interest or family ties. It explains how the case is reassigned to another judge without needing to change the venue. The rules cover district judges, criminal district judges, and justices of the peace, and require a written order stating why the transfer is made.", "questions_answered": [ "When does a judge have to recuse themselves from a criminal case?", "What family relationships make a judge ineligible to hear a case?", "Can a judge who previously represented the state or the accused sit on the same case?", "What happens if a district judge is disqualified from a pending case?", "How is a criminal case transferred when a justice of the peace is disqualified?", "Does a judge’s disqualification require a change of venue?", "Who decides which judge will take over a case after a disqualification?", "What information must be included in the order that transfers a case?", "Are there specific rules for moving a case from a district court to a lower court because of judge disqualification?", "Can a judge be disqualified because they are personally injured by the case outcome?" ], "issue_tags": [ "judge-disqualification", "judicial-recusal", "conflict-of-interest", "criminal-procedure", "case-transfer", "justice-of-the-peace", "district-judge" ], "synonyms": [ "judge recusal rules", "disqualification of judges", "judicial conflict of interest", "judge disqualification statutes", "court officer disqualification", "judge removal from case" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "31A", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 31A. CHANGE OF VENUE", "url": "/statutes/CR/31A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/31A.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out when a criminal case can be moved to a different county and how that move is carried out. It explains who can ask for a change of venue, what reasons are needed, how the court handles the paperwork, and what happens to the defendant, witnesses, and the case after the trial. It also covers how a case can be sent back to the original county once the trial is over.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a judge move my criminal case to another county on their own?", "When can the state ask the court to change the venue of a criminal case?", "What reasons are needed for a judge to order a change of venue?", "How does a defendant request a change of venue and what must they provide?", "What happens to my bail or bond if the case is moved to a new county?", "Do witnesses have to be re‑subpoenaed after a venue change?", "Can a sexual assault case be moved to ensure a speedy trial?", "What paperwork does the clerk have to send when a case is transferred?", "Can a case be moved back to the original county after the trial ends?", "What if the new venue is outside the judicial district?", "How can a venue change be contested and what is the hearing process?", "What happens to the jury if the case is moved to a different county?" ], "issue_tags": [ "change-of-venue", "criminal-procedure", "venue-motions", "court-administration", "trial-location", "record-transfer" ], "synonyms": [ "venue transfer rules", "changing trial location", "relocating criminal case", "venue change procedures", "court venue amendment" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "32", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 32. DISMISSING PROSECUTIONS", "url": "/statutes/CR/32.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/32.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for ending a criminal case when the prosecutor has not filed an indictment or information within a specific time after a defendant is jailed or released on bail. It also explains how the State’s attorney can ask the court to dismiss a case at any point, provided the judge agrees.", "questions_answered": [ "What happens if I’m in jail and the prosecutor never files an indictment?", "How long does the state have to present an indictment after I’m taken into custody?", "Can my bail be released if the state doesn’t bring charges in time?", "Who can ask the court to dismiss my criminal case before trial?", "Does the State’s attorney need the judge’s permission to drop a case?", "What is the deadline for filing an indictment after I’m released on bail?", "Can a surety request that my bail be discharged if the state misses the indictment deadline?", "What steps does the prosecutor have to follow to dismiss a case?", "Is there a maximum number of days the state can wait before filing charges?", "Can a criminal case be dismissed without any court involvement?" ], "issue_tags": [ "dismissal-of-prosecution", "indictment-deadline", "bail-discharge", "state-attorney-dismissal", "criminal-procedure" ], "synonyms": [ "dismissal of prosecutions", "prosecution dismissal rules", "indictment deadline dismissal", "state attorney dismissal authority", "bail release after missed indictment" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "32A", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 32A. SPEEDY TRIAL", "url": "/statutes/CR/32A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/32A.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the order in which Texas courts should schedule cases. It says criminal trials generally come before civil ones, and gives extra priority to cases where the defendant is jailed, the victim is under 14, or the defendant has just been found competent again. The goal is to move important criminal matters through the system faster.", "questions_answered": [ "Which types of cases are scheduled before others in Texas courts?", "Do criminal cases always get priority over civil cases?", "What happens to a criminal case when the defendant is already in jail?", "Are cases involving child victims given special priority?", "How does a defendant’s restored competency affect trial scheduling?", "Can a civil case ever be heard before a criminal case?", "What does Texas law say about speeding up trials for certain crimes?", "Do courts have to consider the age of the alleged victim when setting trial dates?", "Is there a rule for prioritizing cases when a defendant is detained pending trial?", "What are the exceptions to the trial priority rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "speedy-trial", "trial-priorities", "criminal-vs-civil", "child-victim", "competency", "court-scheduling" ], "synonyms": [ "priority of criminal trials", "fast-track criminal cases", "court trial ordering", "priority scheduling for criminal actions", "speedy trial provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "33", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 33. THE MODE OF TRIAL", "url": "/statutes/CR/33.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/33.json", "summary": "This chapter tells how criminal trials are run in Texas. It sets the number of jurors needed, allows for alternate jurors, and explains when a defendant must be present. It also covers what happens to bail and sureties, how trial records are kept, and who controls the criminal docket.", "questions_answered": [ "How many jurors are required for a felony trial in a district court?", "How many jurors sit on a misdemeanor trial in a county court?", "Can a defendant be absent from a misdemeanor trial if his lawyer has the State’s consent?", "What are the rules for using alternate jurors in a criminal trial?", "Does not being registered to vote prevent someone from serving on a jury?", "What happens to a defendant’s bail if he is found not guilty?", "Are bail sureties still required after a mistrial in a felony case?", "Who is responsible for keeping the official record of a criminal case?", "Who decides the schedule for criminal cases in district and county courts?", "How are jurors selected for criminal trials compared to civil cases?", "Can a defendant appear by counsel in a misdemeanor case without being physically present?", "What is the minimum jury size for a misdemeanor trial in a district court?" ], "issue_tags": [ "jury-size", "defendant-presence", "alternate-jurors", "bail-and-sureties", "trial-records", "docket-management", "criminal-procedure" ], "synonyms": [ "mode of trial", "trial procedures", "criminal trial rules", "jury and trial provisions", "criminal court trial guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "34", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 34. SPECIAL VENIRE IN CAPITAL CASES", "url": "/statutes/CR/34.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/34.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rules for calling a special pool of jurors (a special venire) in death‑penalty cases. It tells the court how many people must be summoned, how additional jurors are drawn, what qualifications the sheriff must consider, and when the defendant must receive a list of those jurors. It also allows the use of mechanical or electronic methods for selecting the jury.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a court summon jurors for a capital (death penalty) trial?", "What is a special venire and how many jurors must be called?", "Can a judge refuse a request for a special venire and use regular jurors instead?", "How are extra jurors added if the original pool is not enough?", "What qualifications must the sheriff look for when summoning jurors for a capital case?", "When must a defendant receive a list of the jurors who have been summoned?", "Does the defendant have to wait two days to see the juror list before trial begins?", "Can electronic or mechanical jury‑selection methods be used in a death‑penalty case?", "What happens if the original juror pool is exhausted by challenges?", "Is the defendant’s right to see the juror list waived if they are on bail?" ], "issue_tags": [ "special-venire", "capital-case-jury", "juror-summoning", "jury-selection", "defendant-notice", "electronic-jury-selection" ], "synonyms": [ "special venire procedure", "capital case jury summons", "death penalty jury selection", "special jury summons", "capital case venire rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "35", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 35. FORMATION OF THE JURY", "url": "/statutes/CR/35.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/35.json", "summary": "Chapter 35 sets out the rules for calling, qualifying, and selecting jurors in Texas criminal trials. It explains how jurors can be excused, how parties can challenge jurors for cause or peremptorily, and how the jury list is prepared and kept confidential. The chapter also covers special provisions for religious exemptions, array challenges, and reimbursement for out‑of‑state witnesses.", "questions_answered": [ "What must a person do if they are summoned for jury duty but cannot appear?", "How can a juror be excused for a religious holy day or belief?", "What are peremptory challenges and how many can each side use in different case types?", "What reasons allow a party to challenge a juror for cause?", "Can a party challenge the entire jury array, and how is that handled?", "How is the jury list created and in what order are jurors called?", "Who decides whether a juror is qualified and how quickly must challenges be resolved?", "What personal information about jurors is protected from disclosure?", "How are out‑of‑state witnesses reimbursed for travel, meals, and lodging?", "What happens if a summoned juror is not present when the jury is being impaneled?" ], "issue_tags": [ "jury-selection", "juror-qualifications", "peremptory-challenges", "cause-challenges", "juror-confidentiality", "witness-reimbursement" ], "synonyms": [ "jury formation", "jury selection process", "juror qualification rules", "jury array challenges", "voir dire procedures", "juror exemption rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "36", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 36. THE TRIAL BEFORE THE JURY", "url": "/statutes/CR/36.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/36.json", "summary": "This chapter lays out the step‑by‑step process for a criminal trial that uses a jury in Texas, from reading the indictment to opening statements, testimony, rebuttal, and arguments. It also governs how jurors are instructed, how charges are given and objected to, how witnesses may be excluded, and what to do if jurors die, become disabled, or the jury cannot agree. Additional rules cover splitting trials for multiple defendants, handling of jury rooms, and communication during deliberations.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the required order of events in a Texas criminal jury trial?", "Can the defendant’s lawyer give an opening statement, and when does it happen?", "When can a witness be excluded because hearing other testimony would affect them?", "How does the judge give the jury its charge and how can the defense object?", "What special instructions can the defense request to be added to the judge’s charge?", "What happens if a juror dies, becomes disabled, or cannot continue during a trial?", "Can a trial with multiple defendants be split into separate trials, and how is that decided?", "Can new testimony be introduced after the trial has started, and under what circumstances?", "What are the rules for the jury’s deliberation room, communication with the court, and recording of deliberations?", "How does the court handle a jury that cannot reach a verdict?" ], "issue_tags": [ "jury-trial-procedure", "witness-exclusion", "jury-charge", "juror-disability", "severance", "testimony-order", "jury-deliberation" ], "synonyms": [ "Trial before jury", "Jury trial procedures", "Criminal jury trial rules", "Texas jury trial process", "Jury charge and instruction rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "37", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 37. THE VERDICT", "url": "/statutes/CR/37.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/37.json", "summary": "Chapter 37 explains how a criminal jury’s written decision—called a verdict—is created and recorded. It covers who must sign the verdict, how jurors can be polled, when the defendant must be present, and what to do if jurors disagree. The chapter also sets out special rules for capital cases, for juries that also decide punishment, and for handling lesser included offenses and informal verdicts.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a verdict in a criminal trial?", "Can a jury give a verdict if only nine jurors remain?", "Do I have to be in the courtroom when the verdict is read?", "How does the court poll jurors to confirm the verdict?", "What happens if the jury cannot agree on a guilty or not‑guilty finding?", "Can the same jury decide both guilt and the punishment?", "How are sentencing decisions made in a capital case?", "What is a lesser included offense and can a jury convict on it?", "What should be done if the jury’s verdict is informal or includes illegal punishment?", "Can a judge order a defendant to repay a crime‑stoppers reward?" ], "issue_tags": [ "verdict", "jury-polling", "capital-sentencing", "punishment-assessment", "lesser-included-offense", "defendant-presence", "informal-verdict" ], "synonyms": [ "verdict rules", "jury verdict procedures", "criminal verdict guidelines", "verdict and sentencing rules", "jury decision requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "38", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 38. EVIDENCE IN CRIMINAL ACTIONS", "url": "/statutes/CR/38.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/38.json", "summary": "This chapter creates the Texas Forensic Science Commission to oversee forensic laboratories, accredit crime labs, license forensic analysts, and investigate professional negligence or misconduct. It also sets rules for the admissibility and handling of various types of evidence in criminal cases, including DNA, forensic reports, child testimony, journalist information, and other specialized evidence.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas regulate forensic laboratories and ensure they are accredited?", "What are the requirements to become a licensed forensic analyst in Texas?", "What rules apply to the use of DNA evidence and elimination samples in criminal cases?", "Can a journalist be forced to reveal sources or unpublished information in a criminal proceeding?", "What procedures must be followed for a child’s testimony in a criminal trial?", "How is forensic evidence, like certificates of analysis or chain‑of‑custody affidavits, admitted in court?", "What disciplinary actions can the Forensic Science Commission take against a lab or analyst?", "What is the presumption of innocence and how does it affect a criminal trial?", "When can a victim’s past sexual behavior be introduced as evidence?", "How are eyewitness photo lineups and live lineups required to be conducted?" ], "issue_tags": [ "forensic-science", "evidence-admissibility", "crime-lab-accreditation", "forensic-analyst-licensing", "child-testimony", "journalist-privilege" ], "synonyms": [ "Evidence in Criminal Actions", "Texas Forensic Science Commission statutes", "Criminal evidence rules", "Forensic laboratory oversight", "Crime lab accreditation provisions", "Forensic analyst licensing requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "39", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 39. DEPOSITIONS AND DISCOVERY", "url": "/statutes/CR/39.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/39.json", "summary": "Chapter 39 sets out how criminal cases in Texas can use witness depositions and how parties can obtain evidence from each other. It explains who may take a deposition, how a court orders one, special rules for elderly, disabled, or Medicaid/Medicare participants, and the procedures for discovering documents, photos, and other material, especially sensitive items like child sexual‑abuse evidence. The chapter also covers how depositions can be recorded, used, and protected.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a witness who lives out of state be deposed in a criminal case?", "How do I request a deposition of an elderly or disabled victim or witness?", "What is the process for taking a deposition of a Medicaid or Medicare recipient or their caregiver?", "Can a deposition be used if the witness has died or is unable to appear because of illness?", "Who is allowed to take a deposition and how does the court appoint them?", "What are the rules for video‑recording a deposition and using that video in trial?", "How does the state have to provide discovery of police reports, statements, and other evidence to the defense?", "Can the defense get copies of child pornography or other graphic material, and what protections apply?", "What happens if a defendant is in jail and cannot attend a deposition?", "Can the parties agree to waive formal deposition requirements, and what must still be under oath?" ], "issue_tags": [ "depositions", "discovery", "criminal-procedure", "elderly-witness", "medicare-meddicaid", "video-recording", "child-pornography" ], "synonyms": [ "Depositions and Discovery", "Criminal deposition rules", "Criminal discovery rules", "Witness deposition procedures", "Texas criminal deposition statutes", "Criminal case discovery" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "40", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 40. NEW TRIALS", "url": "/statutes/CR/40.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/40.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a criminal defendant ask the court for a new trial if new, important evidence that could help them is discovered after the original trial has ended. The law focuses on material evidence that favors the accused and provides the basis for granting a fresh trial.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I get a new trial if new evidence shows I might be innocent?", "What counts as material evidence that can justify a new trial?", "Do I have to file a motion within a certain time after finding new evidence?", "Can the state argue against my request for a new trial?", "Does this rule apply to both felonies and misdemeanors?", "What happens to my original conviction if a new trial is granted?", "Do I need to submit court reporter’s notes to support a new trial request?", "Can a new trial be granted if the new evidence was discovered after sentencing?", "Is a new trial automatically granted when new evidence is found?", "Who decides whether a new trial should be granted?" ], "issue_tags": [ "new-trial", "material-evidence", "post-conviction-relief", "criminal-defendant-rights", "retrial-procedure" ], "synonyms": [ "motion for a new trial", "retrial request", "post-trial relief", "new trial relief", "material evidence relief" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "41", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 41. ARREST OF JUDGMENT", "url": "/statutes/CR/41.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/41.json", "summary": "Chapter 41 once set out rules for filing a motion to arrest (freeze) a criminal judgment, including timing, grounds, and required form. All of its sections were repealed in 1986, so the chapter no longer has any legal effect. Current Texas law no longer provides a separate arrest‑of‑judgment procedure.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I still file a motion to arrest a criminal judgment in Texas?", "What was the purpose of the arrest of judgment rules in Chapter 41?", "When was the arrest of judgment provision repealed?", "What grounds used to be required to arrest a judgment?", "Did the old law require a specific form to arrest a judgment?", "What happens to a judgment after it is arrested under the old rules?", "Which current statutes or rules replace the arrest of judgment procedure?", "Where can I find the current rules for challenging a criminal judgment in Texas?", "Is there any way to pause a criminal judgment after 1986?", "What appellate procedures apply now that Chapter 41 is gone?" ], "issue_tags": [ "arrest-of-judgment", "repealed-statutes", "criminal-procedure", "judgment-motions", "texas-appeals" ], "synonyms": [ "motion to arrest judgment", "arrest of judgment", "judgment arrest", "judgment freeze", "Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Chapter 41", "judgment suspension" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "42", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 42. JUDGMENT AND SENTENCE", "url": "/statutes/CR/42.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/42.json", "summary": "Chapter 42 sets out the exact information a court must put in a written judgment for a criminal case, including case details, pleas, verdicts, sentencing, fines, restitution, and any special findings. It also governs how sentences are pronounced, when a defendant can be absent, and what alternative sentencing options like work release, community service, or electronic monitoring are available. The chapter outlines procedures for handling fines, fees, restitution orders, and victim notifications, and it includes rules for cumulative or concurrent sentences and special cases such as sex‑offender registration or bias‑motivated crimes.", "questions_answered": [ "What information has to be included in a Texas criminal judgment?", "Can a judge pronounce a sentence if the defendant is not in the courtroom?", "What are the rules for ordering a defendant to pay restitution or fines?", "When can a court order a defendant to serve time through work release or community service?", "How does the court decide whether sentences run consecutively or concurrently?", "What special findings (like bias, family violence, or sex‑offender registration) must be entered in the judgment?", "Can a defendant be sentenced to house arrest or electronic monitoring instead of jail?", "What are the requirements for notifying victims or family members about a conviction or release?", "How are fees for child counseling or reward repayment handled in the sentencing process?", "What happens to a judgment if the defendant appeals or is transferred to a state prison?" ], "issue_tags": [ "judgment-requirements", "sentencing-procedures", "restitution", "alternative-sentencing", "victim-notice", "fines-fees", "work-release", "electronic-monitoring" ], "synonyms": [ "judgment and sentencing rules", "court judgment requirements", "criminal sentencing guidelines", "Texas criminal judgment form", "sentence and judgment provisions", "judgment content and sentencing statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "42A", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 42A. COMMUNITY SUPERVISION", "url": "/statutes/CR/42A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/42A.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out how Texas courts can place a defendant on community supervision instead of jail, including the rules for deferred adjudication, the types of conditions that can be imposed, and how those conditions can be changed. It also lists which crimes are excluded, special requirements for sex offenders, drug and alcohol programs, and how supervision can end or be revoked.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a judge put me on community supervision instead of sending me to jail?", "What crimes are not eligible for community supervision or deferred adjudication?", "How can the conditions of my community supervision be changed without a new court order?", "What is the difference between regular community supervision and deferred adjudication community supervision?", "Can I move to a different address or leave the state while on community supervision?", "What special rules apply to sex offenders who are placed on community supervision?", "Do I have to pay fines or fees while I’m on community supervision, and can I ask the court to reduce them?", "What happens if I violate a condition of my community supervision?", "Can I keep my driver’s license if I’m on community supervision for a DUI offense?", "What is a child safety zone and when does it apply to someone on community supervision?", "How does the court decide how long my community supervision will last?", "Can a supervision officer modify my supervision conditions without a judge’s approval?" ], "issue_tags": [ "community-supervision", "deferred-adjudication", "probation-conditions", "eligibility", "revocation", "sex-offender-requirements", "ignition-interlock", "child-safety-zone" ], "synonyms": [ "probation", "supervised release", "community corrections", "alternative sentencing", "supervised probation", "court-ordered supervision" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "43", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 43. EXECUTION OF JUDGMENT", "url": "/statutes/CR/43.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/43.json", "summary": "Chapter 43 tells how Texas courts enforce monetary judgments, including fines, costs, and related orders. It explains when a defendant is released after paying, when a capias (arrest warrant) can be issued for unpaid fines, and what alternatives like jail time, work programs, community service, or fee waivers are available for those who cannot pay. The chapter also sets out the procedures for issuing and carrying out death‑penalty executions, including warrants, confidentiality, and handling of the condemned’s remains.", "questions_answered": [ "When will a court release me after I pay a fine or costs?", "What is a capias or capias pro fine and when can it be used against me?", "Can I avoid jail by working in a county jail industry program or doing community service instead of paying a fine?", "How does a court decide to waive my fine or costs if I’m indigent or was a child at the time of the offense?", "What steps does a court take before ordering confinement for failure to pay a fine?", "Can I request a hearing if I think paying the fine would cause me undue hardship?", "How are execution warrants for death‑penalty sentences issued and delivered?", "Who is allowed to be present at a death‑penalty execution and how is the execution carried out?", "What happens to the body of a person who has been executed?", "Can a capias be issued to any county in Texas and how is it returned?" ], "issue_tags": [ "fine-discharge", "capias-issuance", "indigent-waiver", "work-programs", "community-service", "death-penalty-execution", "execution-warrant" ], "synonyms": [ "execution of judgment", "judgment enforcement", "fine collection procedures", "court‑ordered work and service programs", "capias for unpaid fines", "death‑penalty execution rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "44", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 44. APPEAL AND WRIT OF ERROR", "url": "/statutes/CR/44.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/44.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out when the state can appeal a criminal court order, such as dismissals, bail decisions, or sentences, and the deadlines for doing so. It also explains a defendant's right to appeal, how bail and bond issues are handled while an appeal is pending, and the procedures for filing appeals, writs of error, and review by higher courts. The rules cover special cases like capital offenses, bail amounts deemed insufficient, and the handling of appeal records and bonds.", "questions_answered": [ "Can the state appeal a judge’s decision to grant bail in a criminal case?", "What types of court orders can the state appeal in a criminal case?", "How many days does the state have to file an appeal after a court order is entered?", "What is a writ of error and when can a defendant use it?", "Can a defendant appeal a conviction if the jury included a disqualified juror?", "What happens to a defendant’s bail if the state appeals the bail amount?", "How is an appeal bond filed and what are the time limits for it?", "Does the state have to pay the costs of its appeal, and are there any exceptions?", "What are the rules for appealing a capital case sentence, such as a death penalty?", "Can the state appeal a dismissal of an indictment or a motion to suppress evidence?", "What procedures apply when a defendant wants to appeal a misdemeanor conviction?", "How does the appellate court handle new trial orders and bail after a reversal?" ], "issue_tags": [ "criminal-appeal", "state-appeal", "defendant-appeal", "bail-appeal", "writ-of-error", "appeal-deadline", "capital-case-appeal", "appeal-bond" ], "synonyms": [ "Appeal and Writ of Error", "Texas criminal appeal rules", "State appeal procedures", "Defendant appeal rights", "Criminal appellate procedure", "Appeal bond regulations", "Capital case appeal guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "45A", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 45A. JUSTICE AND MUNICIPAL COURTS", "url": "/statutes/CR/45A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/45A.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rules for handling criminal cases in Texas justice and municipal courts. It covers everything from filing complaints and using electronic records to trial procedures, fines, community service, and appeals. The chapter also provides special processes for deferring judgments, dismissing charges, and diverting youth offenders, while protecting certain records as confidential.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I file a criminal complaint in a justice or municipal court?", "Can the court accept electronic documents and signatures for my case?", "What are my options if I can’t afford to pay a fine or court costs?", "How can I have a fine‑only misdemeanor dismissed by completing community service?", "What is a deferred disposition and how does it work?", "How do I appeal a judgment from a justice or municipal court?", "What are the requirements for taking a driving safety or motorcycle course to get a traffic charge dismissed?", "How are records for fine‑only misdemeanors kept confidential and who can see them?", "What happens if I fail to appear for a court date or don’t pay a fine?", "How does youth diversion work for a child charged with a misdemeanor?" ], "issue_tags": [ "criminal-procedure", "justice-courts", "municipal-courts", "fines-and-costs", "community-service", "youth-diversion", "electronic-records", "deferred-disposition" ], "synonyms": [ "Justice and Municipal Courts Procedures", "Texas Justice Court Criminal Process", "Municipal Court Criminal Rules", "Justice Court Criminal Cases", "Criminal Procedure for Justice and Municipal Courts" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "46", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 46. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS RELATING TO MENTAL ILLNESS AND INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY", "url": "/statutes/CR/46.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/46.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for moving people with mental illness or intellectual disabilities from jail to a mental health or residential care facility, including who must escort them, vehicle standards, and care during transport. It also outlines how a death‑row inmate can challenge their competency to be executed, the evidence required, the role of mental‑health experts, and the review process by the trial and appellate courts.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is required to escort a mentally ill inmate when they are taken from jail to a hospital?", "What qualifications must the escort have for transporting a mental health patient?", "What vehicle conditions are required for transporting a patient with mental illness?", "Can a female inmate be escorted by a male attendant during transport?", "What steps must a death‑row inmate take to claim they are incompetent to be executed?", "What evidence and documentation are needed when filing a competency‑to‑be‑executed motion?", "Does filing a competency motion waive the inmate’s privilege over medical records?", "When can a trial court order mental‑health experts to evaluate an inmate’s competency?", "How does the appellate court review a trial court’s competency finding?", "What happens if a stay of execution is issued while competency is being re‑examined?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mental-health-transport", "execution-competency", "death-row-competency", "mental-health-experts", "appellate-review", "patient-transport-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "mental illness patient transport provisions", "incompetent to be executed statutes", "competency to be executed procedures", "mental health transport rules", "execution competency guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "46B", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 46B. INCOMPETENCY TO STAND TRIAL", "url": "/statutes/CR/46B.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/46B.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out how Texas courts handle defendants who may not be mentally able to understand the charges against them or work with their lawyer. It explains how a court can order a competency evaluation, what experts must do, and what happens if a defendant is found incompetent, including options for treatment, bail, or civil commitment. The rules also cover how competency can be restored, how long a defendant can be held for treatment, and how the case proceeds once competency is regained.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a court decide if a defendant is incompetent to stand trial?", "What steps are taken to evaluate a defendant’s mental competency?", "Can a defendant be held in a mental health facility while awaiting a competency determination?", "What treatment options are available if a defendant is found incompetent?", "How long can a defendant be committed for competency restoration?", "When can a defendant be released on bail after being found incompetent?", "What happens to the criminal charges if competency cannot be restored?", "Can competency hearings be conducted via video conference?", "Who can be appointed as an expert to evaluate competency?", "What rights does a defendant have regarding counsel during competency proceedings?" ], "issue_tags": [ "competency-evaluation", "mental-health-treatment", "court-procedures", "bail-and-release", "civil-commitment", "expert-witness" ], "synonyms": [ "incompetency to stand trial", "competency hearing", "mental competency assessment", "competency restoration process", "court-ordered mental health evaluation", "competency determination" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "46C", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 46C. INSANITY DEFENSE", "url": "/statutes/CR/46C.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/46C.json", "summary": "Chapter 46C lays out the procedures for raising an insanity defense in Texas criminal cases, including required notice, court‑appointed mental‑health examinations, and how juries or judges decide sanity. It also governs what happens after a not‑guilty by reason of insanity verdict, such as commitment, treatment, victim notification, and the limits on the duration of confinement.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I give notice to the court that I intend to use the insanity defense?", "What qualifications must a psychiatrist or psychologist have to be appointed as an expert in my case?", "What happens if a jury or judge finds me not guilty by reason of insanity?", "How long can I be committed to a mental hospital or residential facility after an insanity acquittal?", "Can the victim or the victim’s family be notified when I am released or placed on outpatient supervision?", "What are the options for inpatient treatment versus outpatient or community‑based supervision after an insanity verdict?", "How can a court modify, renew, or terminate an order for my treatment or supervision?", "What rights do I have to appeal a judgment or a commitment order related to the insanity defense?", "Am I required to submit to a mental‑health examination, and what happens if I refuse?", "Can I request to be examined by my own mental‑health expert, and how does the court handle that?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insanity-defense", "mental-health-examination", "court-ordered-commitment", "victim-notification", "expert-qualification", "treatment-modification", "appeal-procedure" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas insanity defense statutes", "Chapter 46C of the Code of Criminal Procedure", "Insanity defense provisions", "Not guilty by reason of insanity rules", "Mental illness defense chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "47", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 47. DISPOSITION OF STOLEN PROPERTY", "url": "/statutes/CR/47.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/47.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rules for how police and courts handle property that is alleged to be stolen. It explains when officers must hold the items for a court order, how courts decide who gets the property back, what happens if the owner can't be identified, and how unclaimed or condemned items may be sold or destroyed. The chapter also covers special procedures for petroleum products and the process for appealing court decisions.", "questions_answered": [ "What must police do with property they think is stolen?", "When can an officer keep seized property without a court order?", "How does a court determine who gets back stolen property?", "What happens to stolen property if the owner is unknown?", "Can stolen property be sold, and how is the sale handled?", "Who is responsible for paying storage or handling fees for seized items?", "Do I need to post a bond to claim stolen property?", "How can I appeal a court’s decision about stolen property?", "What special rules apply to stolen petroleum products like crude oil?", "Can the government take seized property for official use?", "What happens if the property is a written instrument (like a deed or bond)?", "How long do I have to claim seized property before it is sold?" ], "issue_tags": [ "stolen-property", "property-disposition", "court-hearings", "bond-requirements", "property-sale", "petroleum-product", "appeals" ], "synonyms": [ "Disposition of Stolen Property", "Stolen Property Procedures", "Handling of Seized Property", "Stolen Goods Disposition", "Property Seizure and Return Rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "48", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 48. PARDON AND PAROLE", "url": "/statutes/CR/48.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/48.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how the Texas governor can grant pardons, reprieves, commutations, and remit fines, usually based on recommendations from the Board of Pardons and Paroles. It also outlines how people can apply to have their civil rights restored after a conviction, the steps and timing required, and special provisions for victims of trafficking. The governor’s actions must be documented, sealed, and carried out by state officials.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a person apply for a pardon in Texas?", "Can the governor reduce my prison sentence or cancel my fines?", "What is a reprieve in a capital case and how long can it last?", "How do I restore my voting and other civil rights after a conviction?", "What are the eligibility requirements and waiting periods for civil‑rights restoration?", "What forms and supporting documents are needed to request a pardon or civil‑rights restoration?", "What role does the Board of Pardons and Paroles play in the pardon process?", "Can someone convicted of a federal crime have their civil rights restored in Texas?", "How can a conditional pardon be revoked?", "Are there educational resources for victims of trafficking who want a pardon?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-pardon", "governor-clemency", "board-of-pardons-and-paroles", "civil-rights-restoration", "reprieve", "commutation", "fine-remission", "trafficking-victims" ], "synonyms": [ "Pardon and Parole statutes", "Governor's clemency powers", "Texas pardon process", "Board of Pardons and Paroles procedures", "Civil rights restoration law", "Texas clemency and parole chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "49", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 49. INQUESTS UPON DEAD BODIES", "url": "/statutes/CR/49.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/49.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out how Texas handles investigations of certain deaths, especially when a justice of the peace must conduct an inquest. It details when an inquest is required, how autopsies are ordered, who must be notified, and what records and procedures must be followed. It also covers rules for handling unidentified bodies, cremation, and the rights of parents to view their child's remains.", "questions_answered": [ "When does a justice of the peace have to start an inquest into a death?", "What types of deaths require an inquest or autopsy in Texas?", "Who must be notified if a body or body part is found in a county without a medical examiner?", "Can a body be cremated before an autopsy is performed?", "What is the process for getting consent to a post‑mortem examination or autopsy?", "What steps are required when a body is unidentified?", "What rights does a parent have to view their deceased child's body?", "What penalties exist for hindering a justice of the peace from entering a death scene?", "Can an inquest be reopened if new information suggests a different cause of death?", "Who can order a forensic anthropologist to examine a body?", "How are autopsy fees and related costs paid?", "What authority does a justice of the peace have to issue arrest warrants in death investigations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "inquest", "autopsy", "death-investigation", "justice-of-the-peace", "medical-examiner", "consent", "unidentified-body", "cremation" ], "synonyms": [ "death inquest procedures", "Texas inquest rules", "dead body investigation statutes", "justice of the peace inquest duties", "medical examiner authority", "autopsy consent law", "unidentified remains protocol", "cremation and autopsy regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "49A", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 49A. DEATH INQUESTS", "url": "/statutes/CR/49A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/49A.json", "summary": "Chapter 49A sets out Texas rules for investigating deaths that may be unlawful, unknown, or occur in certain institutions. It tells who must start an inquest, whether a justice of the peace or a medical examiner handles it, and how autopsies, body handling, cremation, and record‑keeping are to be done. The chapter also creates offenses for failing to notify or obstructing an inquest.", "questions_answered": [ "When does a justice of the peace have to conduct an inquest into a death?", "Who must notify a justice of the peace or medical examiner when a death occurs?", "What types of deaths require an inquest or autopsy in Texas?", "Can a body be cremated within 48 hours of death, and what exceptions apply?", "What are the penalties for failing to give required notice of a death?", "How are unidentified bodies handled and reported to state databases?", "Who can order a full autopsy, a limited autopsy, or just a sample collection?", "What is the process for obtaining consent to a post‑mortem examination or autopsy?", "Can a justice of the peace or medical examiner move a body or lock a premises, and under what conditions?", "What records must be kept after an inquest and who can access them?" ], "issue_tags": [ "death-inquest", "autopsy", "unidentified-body", "cremation-restrictions", "justice-of-the-peace", "medical-examiner", "notice-requirements", "inquest-offenses" ], "synonyms": [ "death inquest procedures", "Texas death investigation statutes", "inquest and autopsy rules", "Chapter 49A death inquests", "death inquiry chapter", "Texas death inquest code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "50", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 50. FIRE INQUESTS", "url": "/statutes/CR/50.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/50.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas justices of the peace how to investigate suspected arson. It requires a sworn complaint, a jury inquest that follows the same rules as a dead‑body inquest, a written verdict identifying how the fire started and who is responsible, and it sets out how witnesses are bound to the grand jury, how arrest warrants are issued, how testimony is recorded, and how investigators are paid.", "questions_answered": [ "What should I do if I suspect a building was set on fire illegally?", "How does a fire inquest get started in Texas?", "Who decides whether a fire was arson or an accident?", "What powers does a justice of the peace have in a fire investigation?", "Can witnesses be forced to appear before a grand jury after a fire inquest?", "How is an arrest warrant issued for a suspected arsonist?", "How is testimony recorded during a fire inquest?", "What happens if the jury cannot determine how the fire started?", "How are the officers and jury paid for conducting a fire inquest?", "What is the role of a jury in a fire inquest?" ], "issue_tags": [ "fire-inquest", "arson-investigation", "justice-of-the-peace", "grand-jury", "arrest-warrant", "testimony-recording" ], "synonyms": [ "fire inquest procedures", "arson inquest", "Texas fire investigation law", "justice of the peace fire inquiry", "fire inquest chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "50A", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 50A. FIRE INQUESTS", "url": "/statutes/CR/50A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/50A.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a special fire inquest to investigate suspected arson when someone files a sworn statement. A justice of the peace runs the inquest using the same rules as death inquests, and a jury decides how the fire happened and who is responsible. Witness testimony is written down, witnesses can be bound over to a grand jury, arrest warrants can be issued, and the results are sent to the district court. Compensation for jurors and officers follows the existing inquest guidelines.", "questions_answered": [ "When is a fire inquest required?", "Who can request a fire inquest?", "What authority does a justice of the peace have during a fire inquest?", "How is witness testimony recorded in a fire inquest?", "What does the jury determine in a fire inquest?", "What happens if the jury cannot identify who started the fire?", "Can witnesses be compelled to appear before a grand jury after a fire inquest?", "How is an arrest warrant issued if the suspected arsonist is not in custody?", "Where are the fire inquest results sent after the investigation?", "Are jurors and officers paid for participating in a fire inquest?", "Do fire inquests follow the same procedures as death inquests?", "What steps are taken if a building is found to have been unlawfully set on fire?" ], "issue_tags": [ "fire-inquest", "arson-investigation", "justice-of-the-peace", "jury-procedures", "arrest-warrant", "criminal-procedure" ], "synonyms": [ "fire inquest proceedings", "arson inquest", "building fire investigation", "justice of the peace fire inquiry", "fire-related criminal inquest" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "51", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 51. FUGITIVES FROM JUSTICE", "url": "/statutes/CR/51.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/51.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out Texas’s rules for handling people who flee from another state after being charged with a crime. It tells how peace officers, magistrates, and the governor must act to arrest, detain, bail, and return fugitives, including the steps for issuing warrants, notifying other states, and offering rewards. The law also covers the interstate agreement on detainers and the rights of the accused during extradition.", "questions_answered": [ "What must Texas do when someone charged with a crime in another state runs away and is found here?", "How does a Texas magistrate issue a warrant for a fugitive from another state?", "Can the governor of Texas demand that another state send back a fugitive, and how is that request made?", "What are the bail or commitment rules for a fugitive held in Texas?", "What happens if a fugitive is not extradited within the 90‑day limit?", "Can a fugitive waive the extradition process, and how is that done?", "What rewards can the governor offer for capturing a fugitive, and who gets the money?", "What penalties apply to officers who fail to follow the extradition procedures?", "How do peace officers assist in arresting a fugitive from another state?", "What is the Interstate Agreement on Detainers and how does it affect prisoners with pending charges in other states?" ], "issue_tags": [ "fugitive-extradition", "interstate-justice", "governor-authority", "warrant-issuance", "bail-and-commitment", "reward-offer", "detainer-agreement" ], "synonyms": [ "Interstate Fugitive Procedure", "Extradition Act", "Fugitives from Justice Chapter", "Uniform Criminal Extradition Act", "Interstate Agreement on Detainers", "Texas extradition law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "52", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 52. COURT OF INQUIRY", "url": "/statutes/CR/52.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/52.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how a Texas district judge can start a special proceeding called a Court of Inquiry when there is probable cause that a crime occurred. It outlines the steps for appointing a judge, gathering evidence, summoning witnesses, and providing attorney assistance, as well as the rights of witnesses and the handling of costs and penalties.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a judge begin a Court of Inquiry?", "What must a judge do before requesting a Court of Inquiry?", "What types of evidence can be used in a Court of Inquiry?", "Can a witness refuse to testify in a Court of Inquiry?", "What rights do witnesses have during a Court of Inquiry?", "Who helps the judge conduct a Court of Inquiry?", "What happens if the inquiry shows a crime was committed?", "Can multiple Courts of Inquiry be combined?", "Who pays the costs and attorney fees for a Court of Inquiry?", "What are the penalties for contempt or refusing to testify?", "Can a judge issue subpoenas in a Court of Inquiry?", "Is the Court of Inquiry hearing open to the public?" ], "issue_tags": [ "court-of-inquiry", "criminal-investigation", "witness-rights", "evidence-procedure", "attorney-pro-tem", "subpoena", "contempt-penalty", "cost-allocation" ], "synonyms": [ "Court of Inquiry procedures", "Special criminal hearing", "Judicial inquiry", "District judge inquiry", "Criminal inquiry court", "Inquiry proceeding" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "55A", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 55A. EXPUNCTION OF CRIMINAL RECORDS", "url": "/statutes/CR/55A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/55A.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out when and how a person’s arrest records can be erased in Texas. It covers mandatory expunction for people who were acquitted, pardoned for actual innocence, or mistakenly identified, as well as discretionary expunction in other situations. The law also details the filing process, required notices, and penalties for violating an expunction order.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I have my arrest record removed if I was acquitted at trial?", "What if I was pardoned because I was actually innocent—can my record be erased?", "Can I get my arrest files expunged if I was convicted but later received a pardon for another reason?", "How does mistaken identity affect my ability to clear my arrest record?", "What is the waiting period for expunction if the charges were never filed or were dismissed?", "How do I file a petition to have my arrest records expunged?", "Can a family member request expunction for a deceased relative’s arrest records?", "Are there any types of records, like driver’s license suspensions, that cannot be expunged?", "What penalties exist for someone who uses or shares expunged records?", "Do I need a lawyer to apply for expunction, or can I do it myself?" ], "issue_tags": [ "expunction", "criminal-records", "acquittal", "pardon", "mistaken-identity", "filing-procedure", "mandatory-expunction", "discretionary-expunction" ], "synonyms": [ "record sealing", "criminal record expungement", "expungement of arrest records", "deleting arrest files", "clearing criminal history", "expunction of criminal records" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "56A", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 56A. RIGHTS OF CRIME VICTIMS", "url": "/statutes/CR/56A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/56A.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rights and protections for crime victims in Texas, including safety, notification about court events, access to information, and participation in parole and sentencing processes. It also establishes victim assistance coordinators, victim impact statements, and special procedures for sexual assault examinations and victim‑offender mediation. The law requires law enforcement and prosecutors to keep victims informed and to protect their privacy throughout the criminal justice process.", "questions_answered": [ "What rights do crime victims have in Texas criminal cases?", "How can a victim be notified about upcoming court dates or continuances?", "Can a victim receive a victim impact statement and have it considered at sentencing?", "What protection is available for victims or their families when bail is set?", "How does a victim request or receive a forensic medical exam after a sexual assault?", "Who is the victim assistance coordinator and what do they do?", "How are victims informed about parole hearings or the release of a defendant?", "Can a victim request victim‑offender mediation or a victim‑offender conference?", "What privacy safeguards exist for a victim’s address and personal information?", "How can a victim get information about compensation for crime‑related expenses?" ], "issue_tags": [ "victim-rights", "victim-notifications", "victim-impact-statement", "sexual-assault-exam", "victim-assistance", "parole-notice", "privacy-protection", "victim-mediation" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas crime victim rights", "victim assistance chapter", "victim impact statement law", "victim notification statute", "sexual assault forensic exam provisions", "victim‑offender mediation rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "56B", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 56B. CRIME VICTIMS' COMPENSATION", "url": "/statutes/CR/56B.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/56B.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a Texas program that pays money to victims of violent crimes and to people who intervene, covering things like medical care, funeral costs, lost wages, counseling, relocation and other expenses. It explains how to apply, the time limits, how awards are reviewed and paid, the maximum amounts, emergency payments, and the rules for attorney fees and penalties for false claims.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I apply for crime victim compensation in Texas?", "What types of expenses does the Texas victim compensation program cover?", "How long do I have to file a claim after the criminal act occurred?", "Can family members or household members of a victim receive compensation?", "What is the maximum amount I can receive for a crime victim claim?", "How does the program handle payments if I already received money from another source?", "What is an emergency award and how much can it be?", "What penalties apply if I submit a false claim for victim compensation?", "How can a peace officer injured by a crime get compensation?", "How do I appeal a denied victim compensation award?", "Are attorney fees covered by the victim compensation program?", "Can I receive relocation or housing assistance after a violent crime?" ], "issue_tags": [ "crime-victim-compensation", "victim-assistance", "pecuniary-loss", "application-process", "award-limits", "false-claim-penalties", "peace-officer-benefits" ], "synonyms": [ "Crime Victims' Compensation Act", "Texas victim compensation program", "victim compensation fund", "crime victim assistance", "victim compensation scheme" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "56C", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 56C. LANDOWNER COMPENSATION FOR PROPERTY DAMAGE CAUSED BY CERTAIN CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES", "url": "/statutes/CR/56C.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/56C.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a state program, run by the Texas Attorney General, that pays landowners or lessees for damage to agricultural land, livestock, timber, or crops when a trespasser involved in a border crime causes the damage, or when law‑enforcement actions against such a trespasser cause the damage. The program sets eligibility rules, application steps, hearing procedures, and limits payouts to $75,000 per incident, with a $10,000 cap for livestock, timber, or crops. It only pays after other sources (like insurance) have been tried, and the Attorney General must report annually on how the program is used.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I receive money if my farm is damaged by a trespasser linked to a border crime?", "What kinds of property damage are covered by this program?", "How much money can I get for damage to my land, crops, livestock, or timber?", "Who decides if I am eligible for compensation and how do I apply?", "Do I need a police or law‑enforcement report to prove the damage was related to a border crime?", "Will the outcome of any criminal case affect my compensation claim?", "What if I have insurance or another program that could cover the loss?", "Is there a deadline for filing a claim after the damage occurs?", "Will I have to attend a hearing, and are those hearings open to the public?", "Can a lessee receive compensation directly, and what paperwork is required?" ], "issue_tags": [ "landowner-compensation", "border-crime", "agricultural-damage", "attorney-general-program", "payer-of-last-resort", "eligibility-criteria", "compensation-hearings" ], "synonyms": [ "Landowner Compensation Program", "Agricultural Property Damage Reimbursement", "Border Crime Damage Compensation", "Attorney General Compensation Scheme", "Farm Damage Compensation Act" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "58", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 58. CONFIDENTIALITY OF IDENTIFYING INFORMATION AND MEDICAL RECORDS OF CERTAIN CRIME VICTIMS", "url": "/statutes/CR/58.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/58.json", "summary": "This chapter creates programs that keep the personal information of victims of certain crimes private. It lets victims use a substitute mailing address and a pseudonym instead of their real name, and it can seal a child victim's medical records. The Attorney General manages the address confidentiality program and sets rules for who may see the protected information. Violations of the confidentiality rules can be prosecuted as misdemeanors.", "questions_answered": [ "How can a victim of family violence get a confidential mailing address?", "What is the process for using a pseudonym instead of my real name in police reports?", "Can my child's medical records be sealed if they are a victim of a crime?", "Who is allowed to see my protected address or personal information?", "What happens if I give false information on my confidentiality program application?", "How long does my participation in the address confidentiality program last?", "Can a public official be punished for revealing a victim's name or address?", "What types of crimes qualify for the address confidentiality program?", "Do I need to notify the Attorney General if I change my residence while in the program?", "Can a court order the release of a victim’s name or address, and when?" ], "issue_tags": [ "victim-confidentiality", "address-protection", "pseudonym-use", "medical-record-sealing", "family-violence", "sexual-assault", "stalking", "trafficking" ], "synonyms": [ "Victim confidentiality program", "Address confidentiality for victims", "Pseudonym protection for crime victims", "Sealed medical records for child victims", "Confidential victim information" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "59", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 59. FORFEITURE OF CONTRABAND", "url": "/statutes/CR/59.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/59.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out Texas rules for taking and keeping property that is considered contraband—anything used, intended to be used, or bought with proceeds from certain crimes, including digital assets. It explains how law enforcement can seize such property, the rights owners and interest holders have to reclaim it, and how forfeited items and money are managed, sold, and distributed. The law also covers substitute property, out‑of‑state assets, audits, and penalties for misuse of forfeiture proceeds.", "questions_answered": [ "What types of property are considered contraband under Texas law?", "Can the state seize my personal or digital assets if they were used in a crime?", "How do I get my property back after it has been seized as contraband?", "What is a substitute property and when can it be seized instead of the original contraband?", "What happens to money or digital currency that is seized from a bank or exchange?", "Do I have to pay court costs or other fees if my property is forfeited?", "How does the state notify owners or interest holders about a forfeiture proceeding?", "Can law‑enforcement agencies keep or use forfeited property for their own purposes?", "What penalties apply if a law‑enforcement agency or attorney misuses forfeiture proceeds?", "What are the audit and reporting requirements for agencies that receive forfeited assets?" ], "issue_tags": [ "asset-forfeiture", "contraband", "seizure", "owner-rights", "digital-currency", "law-enforcement-funds", "audits" ], "synonyms": [ "asset forfeiture", "civil forfeiture", "forfeiture of contraband", "property seizure", "contraband forfeiture", "forfeiture proceedings", "state seizure of property", "Texas forfeiture law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "62", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 62. SEX OFFENDER REGISTRATION PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/CR/62.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/62.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up Texas's sex offender registration program, requiring people convicted of certain sexual offenses—or those released on parole, supervision, or civil commitment—to register with local law enforcement, provide detailed personal information, and keep their data up to date. It creates a statewide database that is publicly accessible (with limited personal details) and mandates risk assessments, address change notifications, and special rules for employment, schooling, and residence. The chapter also outlines penalties for non‑compliance, exemptions for certain workers and young adults, and procedures for early termination or removal of registration information.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is required to register as a sex offender in Texas?", "When and how do I register after being released from prison or parole?", "What personal information must I provide on the registration form?", "How often do I need to verify or update my registration information?", "What are the rules for changing my address or moving to another state?", "What penalties do I face if I fail to comply with the registration requirements?", "Can a registered sex offender work or study at a school or university?", "What does my risk level mean and how does it affect where I can live or work?", "Is there a way for a young adult or juvenile offender to be exempted from registration?", "What happens to my registration record when my duty to register ends or I die?", "How does the state handle registration information for people who are civilly committed as sexually violent predators?" ], "issue_tags": [ "sex-offender-registration", "risk-assessment", "address-change", "public-notice", "employment-restrictions", "civil-commitment", "early-termination" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Sex Offender Registry", "Sex Offender Registration Program", "Sex Offender Database", "Sex Offender Law", "Sex Offender Verification Requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "63", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 63. MISSING CHILDREN AND MISSING PERSONS", "url": "/statutes/CR/63.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/63.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a state‑wide system for reporting and tracking missing children and missing adults, including a central clearinghouse that collects, shares, and matches information with national databases. It sets detailed duties for law‑enforcement agencies, schools, and other entities on how to report, investigate, and flag missing persons, and it outlines procedures for releasing dental and medical records. The chapter also establishes a DNA database at the University of North Texas Health Science Center to help identify high‑risk missing persons and unidentified remains. Additional rules cover attempted child abduction reports, confidentiality, and the role of the Attorney General in enforcing compliance.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I file a missing child report in Texas?", "What information must police enter into the missing persons clearinghouse when someone is reported missing?", "What is the missing children and missing persons information clearinghouse and what does it do?", "How are dental and medical records released for a missing child or adult?", "What responsibilities do schools and day‑care facilities have when a child is reported missing?", "Can a relative be charged with attempted child abduction under Texas law?", "How does Texas match unidentified bodies with missing children or missing persons?", "What is the DNA database for high‑risk missing persons and how is it used?", "What steps are taken if a missing child is considered high risk for trafficking or abuse?", "What penalties exist for mishandling DNA samples or violating confidentiality in missing persons cases?" ], "issue_tags": [ "missing-children", "missing-persons", "law-enforcement-reporting", "clearinghouse", "dna-database", "school-notification", "child-abduction", "unidentified-bodies" ], "synonyms": [ "Missing Children and Missing Persons Act", "Texas missing persons statute", "Missing child reporting law", "Missing persons information clearinghouse statutes", "Child abduction reporting requirements", "High‑risk missing person DNA database provisions", "Unidentified remains matching rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "64", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 64. MOTION FOR FORENSIC DNA TESTING", "url": "/statutes/CR/64.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/64.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a convicted person ask the court to have biological evidence tested for DNA to see if it could change the conviction. It explains who can file, what evidence qualifies, how the state must respond, and how testing is ordered, including the right to counsel and the appeal process.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I request DNA testing of evidence after I have been convicted?", "What types of evidence can be tested for DNA under this law?", "Do I need a lawyer to file a DNA testing motion, and will the court provide one if I can’t afford it?", "How long does the state have to respond to my DNA testing request?", "Can I ask for DNA testing if the evidence was already tested before?", "What if the lab that previously tested the evidence had faulty practices?", "What happens if the DNA test shows I probably would not have been convicted?", "Can a guardian or other representative file a DNA testing motion for me?", "Will the state pay for the DNA testing, or will I have to cover the cost?", "How do I appeal the court’s decision on a DNA testing request?" ], "issue_tags": [ "dna-testing", "post-conviction-relief", "forensic-evidence", "indigent-counsel", "evidence-chain-of-custody", "criminal-appeals" ], "synonyms": [ "post-conviction DNA testing motion", "forensic DNA testing request", "DNA testing of conviction evidence", "motion for DNA analysis", "DNA testing petition" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "65", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 65. TERRORIST OFFENDER REGISTRATION PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/CR/65.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/65.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a Texas terrorist offender registration program. People convicted of certain terrorism‑related crimes must register with local law enforcement, keep their personal and address information current, and report regularly. A centralized database tracks the information and shares it with law‑enforcement, licensing agencies, and campuses, while providing immunity for officials acting in good faith. The registration ends when a judge decides the person no longer poses a public safety threat.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is required to register as a terrorist offender in Texas?", "When must I register after being released from prison or parole?", "How often do I need to verify or update my registration information?", "What personal details and documents do I have to provide when registering?", "How do I report a change of address or move to a new residence?", "What happens if I move to another state or travel for work or school?", "Do I need to apply for a driver’s license or ID after registering?", "What are the penalties if I fail to register or keep my information current?", "Can my registration be removed and under what circumstances?", "Who can access my registration information and is it kept confidential?", "What if my conviction is overturned or I receive a pardon?", "Can I live on a college campus while I’m required to register?" ], "issue_tags": [ "terrorist-offender-registration", "criminal-justice", "law-enforcement", "registration-requirements", "data-privacy", "penalties", "jurisdiction" ], "synonyms": [ "terrorist offender registry", "Texas terrorist registration program", "terrorist offender monitoring", "terrorist registration law", "terrorist offender reporting requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "66", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 66. CRIMINAL HISTORY RECORD SYSTEM", "url": "/statutes/CR/66.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/66.json", "summary": "Chapter 66 sets up Texas's statewide criminal history and corrections tracking databases. It tells who must collect, enter, and share data about arrests, prosecutions, sentences, and releases, and it outlines how agencies, courts, and licensing boards report that information. The chapter also limits public access, requires regular reporting, and provides oversight and grant programs to keep the system accurate and up‑to‑date.", "questions_answered": [ "What types of information are stored in Texas's criminal history database?", "Which agencies are responsible for entering fingerprint and arrest data into the system?", "How do licensing boards (like the medical board) check their licensees against criminal records?", "Can members of the public obtain an individual's criminal history record?", "What are the deadlines for local law enforcement and courts to report arrests and case dispositions?", "What is a state identification number and how is it assigned?", "How does the system handle cases where someone's identity is stolen or misused?", "What data is shared between the Department of Public Safety and the Texas Department of Criminal Justice?", "What duties do district and county court clerks have under this chapter?", "How are grants used to improve the criminal justice information system?", "What reports must the Department of Public Safety publish about missing case dispositions?", "What are the requirements for electronic reporting of criminal justice data?" ], "issue_tags": [ "criminal-history", "data-reporting", "licensing", "public-access", "identity-theft", "corrections-tracking", "grants" ], "synonyms": [ "Criminal Justice Information System", "Texas criminal history database", "DPS criminal record system", "TDCJ corrections tracking system", "statewide criminal history record system" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "67", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 67. COMPILATION OF INFORMATION PERTAINING TO COMBINATIONS AND CRIMINAL STREET GANGS", "url": "/statutes/CR/67.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/67.json", "summary": "This chapter requires state and local law‑enforcement and juvenile agencies to collect, store, and share information about criminal street gangs, combinations, and foreign terrorist organizations in intelligence databases. It sets rules for what data can be entered, how long it must be kept, who may access it, and how individuals can request review or removal of their records. The law also creates a gang resource system and a statewide Violent Gang Task Force to coordinate anti‑gang efforts.", "questions_answered": [ "What types of information must police agencies collect about gangs or terrorist groups?", "How long must gang‑related data be kept in the state’s intelligence database?", "Can a person or a parent request to see if their name or a child’s name is in a gang database?", "What steps are required to correct or delete inaccurate gang information?", "What are the penalties for releasing gang intelligence to someone who isn’t authorized?", "Who is allowed to access the gang resource system and what can they see?", "What training do law‑enforcement personnel need to enter or retrieve gang data?", "How does the law treat information about children involved with gangs differently from adults?", "What is the Texas Violent Gang Task Force and which agencies are represented on it?", "Can gang intelligence be used in court filings, and what additional proof is needed?" ], "issue_tags": [ "gang-intelligence", "data-retention", "privacy-rights", "law-enforcement", "juvenile-gang", "terrorist-organization", "task-force" ], "synonyms": [ "gang intelligence database", "criminal street gang information compilation", "gang resource system", "Texas Violent Gang Task Force", "intelligence database for gangs and terrorist groups", "gang data removal rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "101", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 101. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/CR/101.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/101.json", "summary": "This chapter explains why the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure exists and how it is organized. It sets out rules for interpreting the code, how internal references are to be read, and defines what counts as a conviction, including judgments, sentences, community supervision, and deferred adjudications.", "questions_answered": [ "What does Texas consider a 'conviction' under the criminal procedure code?", "Does community supervision or deferred adjudication count as a conviction?", "How are references to chapters or articles interpreted within the criminal procedure code?", "Why was the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure reorganized and restated?", "What is the purpose of the General Provisions chapter in the criminal procedure title?", "How does the Code Construction Act affect the interpretation of criminal procedure statutes?", "What happens when a case is deferred or a judgment is postponed?", "Are repealed or duplicate provisions still enforceable?", "How does Texas ensure the criminal procedure statutes are easy to cite and expand?", "What does it mean when a judgment and sentence are both imposed on a person?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-criminal-procedure", "definition-of-conviction", "statutory-construction", "code-organization", "deferred-adjudication" ], "synonyms": [ "General Provisions of Texas Criminal Procedure", "Purpose and Construction of the Criminal Procedure Code", "Definition of Conviction in Texas", "Statutory Organization Rules for Criminal Cases" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "102", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 102. COSTS, FEES, AND FINES PAID BY DEFENDANTS", "url": "/statutes/CR/102.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/102.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the various costs, fees, and fines that a criminal defendant in Texas may be required to pay. It details reimbursement fees for peace officers, witness fees, expunction filing fees, and special fines for offenses like drug convictions, intoxication, and child sexual assault. It also creates and governs several funds for court technology, security, and child safety programs, and outlines how those funds are administered and used.", "questions_answered": [ "How much will I have to pay for peace officer services like serving a warrant or transporting a prisoner?", "Am I required to pay witness fees if I am convicted of a misdemeanor?", "What fees are charged when I file a petition to have my criminal record expunged?", "Are there any reimbursement fees if a check I wrote is forged or used in a crime?", "What fines apply if I am convicted of a drug or intoxication offense?", "Do I have to pay a fine for a child safety violation like illegal parking?", "Can any of these fees be waived if I am indigent or if I was acquitted?", "What are the pretrial intervention program fees I might be ordered to pay?", "How are the technology and security funds for courts funded and used?", "What is the fine for a conviction involving child sexual assault?", "Is there a fee for late payment of fines or restitution?", "How are court costs and fees collected and allocated to state funds?" ], "issue_tags": [ "defendant-fees", "reimbursement-fees", "court-fines", "expunction-fee", "pretrial-intervention-fee", "technology-fund", "security-fund", "child-safety-fine" ], "synonyms": [ "Defendant cost assessment", "Criminal case fees", "Texas criminal procedure fees", "Reimbursement fees for peace officers", "Court cost and fee statutes", "Criminal justice fee schedule", "Texas criminal fee chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "103", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 103. PAYMENT, COLLECTION, AND RECORDKEEPING", "url": "/statutes/CR/103.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/103.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out how court costs, fines, and fees in criminal cases must be billed, collected, and recorded. It tells who can collect the money, how receipts and reports are handled, and when extra collection fees may be added. It also covers special rules for past‑due payments, uncollectible fines, and the disposition of collected funds.", "questions_answered": [ "When does a person have to pay a court cost or fine in a criminal case?", "What must a bill of costs include before I am required to pay it?", "Can a police officer or sheriff collect a fine or court fee?", "What is the alternative payment procedure for past‑due fines and costs?", "Can a county or city add a collection fee to unpaid fines?", "Who is required to keep a record of all court fees and costs?", "Do I receive a receipt when I pay a criminal fine or fee?", "What happens if a fine is considered uncollectible because the defendant is dead or has been in prison for life?", "How must collected money be deposited and reported to the county treasury?", "What reports must officers file about the money they collect?" ], "issue_tags": [ "court-costs", "fee-collection", "receipt-requirements", "collection-fees", "uncollectible-fines", "payment-billing", "recordkeeping" ], "synonyms": [ "court cost billing rules", "criminal fee collection procedures", "payment and recordkeeping for criminal costs", "Texas criminal cost collection statutes", "costs payable and collection chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "CR", "code_name": "Code of Criminal Procedure", "chapter": "104", "title": "CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CHAPTER 104. CERTAIN EXPENSES PAID BY STATE OR COUNTY", "url": "/statutes/CR/104.md", "json_url": "/statutes/CR/104.json", "summary": "Chapter 104 tells who must pay for jurors' food, lodging and wages, and who covers the costs of keeping prisoners in county jails. It also sets out how the state reimburses counties for certain prosecution expenses, especially when crimes involve the Department of Criminal Justice, and provides rules for extraordinary prosecution funding. The chapter includes procedures for inter‑county liability when a case is moved and for recovering medical costs from inmates.", "questions_answered": [ "Who pays for jurors' food, lodging, and pay in a felony trial?", "If a criminal case is moved to a different county, which county is responsible for jury expenses?", "How are the costs of keeping a prisoner in a county jail handled?", "What reimbursement does the state provide for prosecution costs in TDCJ or TJJ facilities?", "Can a county be reimbursed for interpreter, expert, or witness travel expenses?", "What must a prisoner do to repay medical or dental services received while incarcerated?", "What paperwork does a county need to submit to get paid for prisoner or jury expenses?", "How does the governor’s criminal justice division distribute extraordinary prosecution funds to counties?", "Are there limits on how much a county can be reimbursed by the state for prosecution expenses?", "What is the process for a county to recover costs when a defendant is indicted in one county but tried in another?" ], "issue_tags": [ "jury-pay", "prisoner-expenses", "state-reimbursement", "intercounty-liability", "prosecution-costs", "extraordinary-funding" ], "synonyms": [ "county jury compensation rules", "prisoner cost allocation", "state reimbursement for criminal prosecutions", "inter-county jury expense liability", "criminal prosecution expense reimbursement", "extraordinary prosecution funding" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "21", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/21.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/21.json", "summary": "Chapter 21 explains why the Texas Estates Code exists and how it is organized. It says the code is part of a state effort to rewrite statutes in a clearer order, using modern language and a logical numbering system. The chapter also sets out rules for interpreting the code and how references to other statutes are treated.", "questions_answered": [ "Why does Texas have an Estates Code and what is its main purpose?", "How are the statutes in the Estates Code organized and numbered?", "What does the chapter say about using modern English in the law?", "How should I interpret a provision of the Estates Code if it seems unclear?", "What happens to old or duplicate provisions when the code is revised?", "If another law refers to a part of the Estates Code, which version applies?", "Does the way the code is divided into titles and chapters affect its legal meaning?", "Are there any special rules for how probate proceedings are handled under this code?", "Which other Texas code sections do not apply to certain parts of the Estates Code?", "How does the Estates Code relate to the Texas Probate Code?" ], "issue_tags": [ "code-purpose", "statutory-construction", "estates-code", "legal-revision", "interpretation-rules" ], "synonyms": [ "Chapter 21 Estates Code", "Purpose and Construction of Estates Code", "Estates Code organization", "Statutory revision program", "Code construction rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "22", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/22.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/22.json", "summary": "Chapter 22 of the Texas Estates Code lists the meanings of key words used throughout the code, such as estate, heir, executor, and child. These definitions apply unless another meaning is clearly indicated elsewhere in the code. The chapter also defines special terms like authorized corporate surety, charitable organization, and qualified delivery method.", "questions_answered": [ "What does \"estate\" mean in Texas probate law?", "Who is considered an heir under Texas law?", "How is a child defined for inheritance purposes?", "What is a net estate and what does it exclude?", "Who can serve as a personal representative or executor?", "What is a qualified delivery method for legal documents?", "What is an authorized corporate surety?", "What property is considered exempt from execution?", "Who counts as an interested person in a probate case?", "What is the difference between a devisee and a legatee?", "Which courts handle probate matters in Texas?", "How does the code define a minor?" ], "issue_tags": [ "probate-definitions", "estate-terms", "inheritance", "texas-law", "probate-process", "legal-terminology" ], "synonyms": [ "Estates Code definitions", "Texas probate definitions", "Estate terminology", "Probate glossary", "Definitions chapter of Estates Code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "31", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/31.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/31.json", "summary": "This chapter defines what counts as a probate proceeding in Texas, covering everything from will probate to estate administration and related lawsuits. It also explains which types of actions are considered related to probate, depending on whether the county has a statutory probate court, a county court at law with probate jurisdiction, or no probate court at all.", "questions_answered": [ "What activities are included in a Texas probate proceeding?", "Does filing a will automatically start a probate proceeding?", "What kinds of lawsuits can be filed against a personal representative?", "Can a claim against a surety be part of a probate matter?", "What actions are considered related to probate in a county without a probate court?", "How are trusts handled when a will is admitted to probate?", "What is a small estate affidavit and does it fall under probate?", "When does a will modification become a probate issue?", "What does “letters testamentary” mean in the probate process?", "Are claims for money owed by the decedent part of probate?", "How does the definition of probate change if a county has a county court at law with probate jurisdiction?", "What matters are included when a personal representative settles an estate’s account?" ], "issue_tags": [ "probate-definition", "personal-representative", "probate-court", "estate-claims", "trust-administration", "probate-proceedings" ], "synonyms": [ "Scope of probate proceeding", "Definition of probate matters", "Probate proceeding definition", "Matters related to probate", "Probate jurisdiction rules", "Probate proceeding scope" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "32", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/32.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/32.json", "summary": "Chapter 32 tells you which Texas courts can hear probate matters, from filing an estate case to handling contested issues. It explains how original jurisdiction is assigned, when a case can be moved to a district or county court, and when a statutory probate court has exclusive or shared authority, including over trusts and powers of attorney.", "questions_answered": [ "Which court should I file my probate case in based on where I live?", "What court handles probate matters if my county doesn’t have a statutory probate court?", "Can a contested probate issue be transferred to a district court or a county court at law?", "When does a statutory probate court have exclusive control over a probate proceeding?", "Do probate courts also hear disputes involving trusts or powers of attorney?", "What happens to a probate case after a final order is issued and someone wants to appeal?", "Can a probate case be heard by more than one court at the same time?", "How are contested matters dealt with when there is no probate court in the county?", "What types of actions can a statutory probate court share jurisdiction with a district court on?", "If a contested probate matter is moved to another court, does the original court still manage the estate?" ], "issue_tags": [ "probate-jurisdiction", "statutory-probate-court", "contested-probate", "trusts", "powers-of-attorney", "district-court", "county-court" ], "synonyms": [ "probate jurisdiction rules", "original probate jurisdiction", "statutory probate court authority", "contested probate proceeding jurisdiction", "trust and POA jurisdiction in probate", "exclusive probate court jurisdiction" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "33", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/33.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/33.json", "summary": "Chapter 33 of the Texas Estates Code tells you which county court should handle probate matters like admitting a will, granting administration, or determining heirs. It explains how venue is chosen when the decedent lived in Texas, died out of state, or has no close relatives here, and it sets rules for moving a case to another county. The chapter also covers where related lawsuits, such as those against a personal representative, should be filed and protects buyers who rely on probate filings.", "questions_answered": [ "Where do I file a probate case to admit a will or get letters of administration in Texas?", "Which county has jurisdiction if the person who died lived in Texas but died out of state?", "What county is proper for probate if the decedent had no relatives in Texas?", "How is venue decided when multiple probate filings are made in different counties?", "Can a probate case be transferred to another county, and how does that work?", "What happens to orders and documents if a probate proceeding is moved to a different county?", "Where should I sue a personal representative for injury or property damage?", "Which court handles a proceeding to determine a decedent’s heirs?", "What protections do I have as a buyer of real property if the probate filing I relied on wasn’t the first one?", "Which venue applies for a breach of fiduciary duty claim against a charitable trust?" ], "issue_tags": [ "probate-venue", "estate-administration", "heirship-proceedings", "jurisdiction", "case-transfer", "personal-representative-lawsuit", "real-estate-purchase-protection" ], "synonyms": [ "probate venue rules", "estate jurisdiction guidelines", "Texas probate filing locations", "probate court jurisdiction statutes", "venue provisions for wills and administrations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "34", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/34.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/34.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a probate judge move a lawsuit that involves an estate into the probate court and combine it with the estate's other probate matters. It also sets out how property tax liens on a decedent’s land are handled while the estate is in probate, including when the tax authority can sue and what steps must be taken.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a probate court take over a lawsuit that is related to an estate?", "What happens if a personal representative is sued for personal injury or property damage?", "How does a tax authority collect overdue property taxes from a decedent’s estate?", "When can a taxing unit file a tax lien suit against an estate in probate?", "Do tax liens have to be pursued in the county where the taxes were assessed?", "What is the deadline for a tax claim to be presented to the estate’s personal representative?", "Can a tax suit be filed in another court before four years have passed in probate?", "What steps must a tax authority follow to foreclose a tax lien on estate property?", "Does the personal representative become a party in a tax lien lawsuit?", "Can a tax authority seek personal liability against the estate itself?", "How are venue and jurisdiction decided for lawsuits involving a personal representative?" ], "issue_tags": [ "probate-transfer", "tax-collection", "estate-liens", "jurisdiction", "venue", "personal-representative" ], "synonyms": [ "Statutory probate court transfer provisions", "Delinquent tax actions in probate", "Estate tax lien rules", "Related actions in probate court", "Probate court jurisdiction over other suits" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "51", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/51.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/51.json", "summary": "Chapter 51 sets out the rules for creating, delivering, and proving delivery of citations and notices in probate cases. It explains who must receive notice, what the notice must contain, and the various ways it can be served—by personal delivery, mail, posting, or publication. The chapter also covers how to prove service, when a court can order a different method, and how interested parties can waive or request notice of filings.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I make sure a probate notice is properly issued and delivered?", "What information must be included in a probate citation or notice?", "What are the acceptable ways to serve a probate notice to someone who has an attorney?", "How can I serve a probate notice if the person has no attorney or lives out of state?", "When can a probate notice be sent by mail or a private delivery service, and what proof is needed?", "What are the rules for posting a probate notice at the courthouse?", "How is service by publication handled in probate matters?", "What proof of service must be filed with the court in a probate case?", "Can a court order a different method of issuing or serving a probate notice?", "How can I waive notice of a probate hearing?", "How do I request to be notified of all filings in a probate proceeding?", "What happens if a probate notice cannot be delivered and needs to be reissued?" ], "issue_tags": [ "probate-notice", "service-methods", "citation-issuance", "proof-of-service", "waiver-of-notice", "court-ordered-service", "notice-request" ], "synonyms": [ "Probate notice rules", "Estate notice and process", "Probate citation issuance", "Notice and service in probate", "Probate proceeding notices", "Estate court notice procedures" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "52", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/52.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/52.json", "summary": "This chapter tells county clerks how to keep and organize probate records. It requires a docket for each estate, a separate claim docket, and a fee book, and sets rules for filing papers, assigning docket numbers, and indexing the records. Clerks may use electronic or other modern formats, but the index must stay with the clerk and be open for public inspection.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a county clerk record the start of a probate case?", "What information must be entered in the probate docket for an estate?", "How are claims against an estate documented in the claim docket?", "What details are required in the probate fee book?", "Can probate records be kept on a computer instead of in paper books?", "What steps must be followed when filing a probate petition with the county clerk?", "How is a docket number assigned to a probate estate?", "What documents must be included in the case file for a decedent’s estate?", "Is the index of probate records available for public viewing?", "Who is responsible for indexing and maintaining probate records?" ], "issue_tags": [ "probate-recordkeeping", "estate-claims", "filing-procedures", "public-index", "electronic-records" ], "synonyms": [ "Probate docket requirements", "Estate filing and recordkeeping rules", "County clerk probate record maintenance", "Claim docket procedures", "Probate fee book guidelines", "Probate case file filing rules", "Indexing of probate records" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "53", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/53.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/53.json", "summary": "Chapter 53 sets out the procedural rules that probate courts follow, including how judges can enforce orders, when fees are waived, and how hearings and docket calls are managed. It also covers requirements for security deposits, appointing attorneys to protect unknown heirs, and the proper way to issue execution orders. The chapter clarifies which civil procedure rules do not apply to probate matters.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a judge force an executor or administrator to obey a court order?", "Do probate fees have to be paid if the deceased was a soldier killed in a combat zone?", "Are probate fees waived for a police officer or firefighter who dies on the job?", "Can the clerk require me to post a security bond before I file a probate complaint or opposition?", "Who sets the hearing date if the probate judge is unavailable or ill?", "Are probate hearings held in open court or can they be closed?", "Can the court appoint a lawyer to represent an unknown or missing heir?", "What is the proper way to serve a sheriff’s execution in a probate case?", "Do standard Texas Rules of Civil Procedure apply to probate proceedings?", "How are costs for probate actions determined and who pays them?" ], "issue_tags": [ "probate-procedures", "court-fees", "fee-exemptions", "attorney-ad-litem", "docket-management", "execution-orders", "security-bond" ], "synonyms": [ "Other Court Duties and Procedures", "Probate procedural rules", "Chapter 53 probate duties", "Texas probate court procedures", "Estate court administrative rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "54", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/54.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/54.json", "summary": "Chapter 54 sets the basic rules for how pleadings are filed, contested, and corrected in probate court, and it tells which evidence can be used in estate cases. It says filing a petition isn’t considered interference with inheritance, requires timely objections to pleading defects, and allows certain court records and certified copies as admissible evidence, applying Texas Rules of Evidence where possible.", "questions_answered": [ "Does filing a petition in probate court count as interfering with the inheritance?", "Can a probate court dismiss a pleading because of a formatting or substance error?", "What must I do to object to a defect in a probate pleading?", "Do the Texas Rules of Evidence apply in estate and probate cases?", "What types of records are allowed as evidence in a probate proceeding?", "Can I use certified copies of court records as proof in a probate case?", "Are there any special rules for witnesses in probate court?", "What happens if I contest a pleading in probate court?", "Do I need to follow Rule 13 of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure in probate matters?", "Can a probate court invalidate a pleading without a timely objection?" ], "issue_tags": [ "probate-pleadings", "probate-evidence", "estate-proceedings", "texas-rules-of-evidence", "civil-procedure", "record-admissibility" ], "synonyms": [ "Chapter 54 Probate Pleadings and Evidence", "Estates Code §54", "Probate filing rules", "Probate evidence rules", "Estate court pleading standards", "Texas probate evidence guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "55", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 55. COMPLAINTS AND CONTESTS", "url": "/statutes/ES/55.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/55.json", "summary": "Chapter 55 sets out the procedural tools for people who want to challenge or defend actions in probate court. It covers filing written oppositions, the right to a jury trial, involving colleges or charities as necessary parties, obtaining a decedent's medical records, attaching estate property, forcing transfer of title when a decedent dies before delivering a deed, and correcting probate orders through a bill of review.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I file a written opposition to a probate issue before the court decides?", "Am I entitled to a jury trial in a contested probate or mental‑illness proceeding?", "When must a college or charitable organization be joined as a party in a will contest?", "Can I obtain a decedent’s medical records to prove lack of capacity in a will challenge?", "What steps can I take to stop an executor from moving estate assets out of Texas?", "Do I need to post a bond before a court will issue a writ of attachment on estate property?", "How can I force the estate to transfer title to property when the decedent died before delivering the deed?", "What is the process for filing a bill of review to correct a probate order or judgment?", "Can a probate order be stayed while a bill of review is pending, and how?", "What are the service requirements for notifying a college or charity in a will contest?" ], "issue_tags": [ "probate-contest", "will-challenge", "estate-attachment", "specific-performance", "medical-records", "higher-education-party", "bill-of-review" ], "synonyms": [ "Contested probate procedures", "Will contest rules", "Estate attachment process", "Specific performance of title transfer", "Higher education party requirements", "Probate bill of review", "Probate opposition and appeals" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "56", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 56. CHANGE AND RESIGNATION OF RESIDENT AGENT OF PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE FOR SERVICE OF PROCESS", "url": "/statutes/ES/56.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/56.json", "summary": "This chapter tells a personal representative how to switch the resident agent who receives legal papers for an estate, and it explains the steps a resident agent must follow to resign. It requires filing specific statements with the probate court, notifying the representative and other parties, and outlines when the changes become effective.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I change the resident agent for my estate’s personal representative?", "What form do I need to file to designate a new resident agent?", "When does a newly designated resident agent actually take effect?", "Can a resident agent quit, and what must they do to resign?", "What notice must a resident agent give before resigning?", "Do I have to inform the probate court if I change the resident agent?", "How are other parties in the case notified of a resident agent’s resignation?", "What happens if I haven’t named a successor before the agent resigns?", "Can the court refuse to accept a resident agent’s resignation?", "What delivery method is required for sending the resignation notice?", "Do I need to send a copy of the resignation to all parties in the case?", "Is there a deadline for filing a change of resident agent?" ], "issue_tags": [ "change-resident-agent", "resignation-resident-agent", "probate-process", "personal-representative", "service-of-process", "court-filing" ], "synonyms": [ "resident agent change", "successor resident agent designation", "agent resignation", "personal representative agent update", "probate resident agent filing" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "101", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 101. ESTATE ASSETS IN GENERAL", "url": "/statutes/ES/101.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/101.json", "summary": "Chapter 101 explains how a person's property is transferred at death, whether they left a will or not. It tells who gets the assets, how joint ownership is treated, and what the executor or administrator can do. The chapter also says the estate must first pay the decedent's debts and any overdue child support, and it outlines how community property is handled for debt purposes.", "questions_answered": [ "What happens to my property if I die with a will?", "If I die without a will, who inherits my assets?", "Do my debts have to be paid before my heirs receive anything?", "How does joint ownership affect the share of property I own when I die?", "What authority does an executor or administrator have over the estate?", "Can overdue child support be taken from my estate?", "Are community property assets subject to my spouse's debts after I die?", "What is the process for taking possession of the estate after death?", "How is the portion of community property I owned alone handled after my death?", "What happens to property that I owned jointly with someone else when I die?" ], "issue_tags": [ "estate-passage", "intestacy", "joint-ownership", "estate-debts", "community-property", "executor-authority" ], "synonyms": [ "passage of title", "distribution of decedent's property", "estate vesting", "inheritance rules", "estate administration basics" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "102", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 102. PROBATE ASSETS: DECEDENT'S HOMESTEAD", "url": "/statutes/ES/102.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/102.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you how a deceased person's home (the homestead) passes to a surviving spouse and children, and it explains the limited situations where the home can be used to pay debts. It also sets out when the home can be divided among heirs, protecting it from partition while the spouse lives there or while a guardian for minor children is allowed to use it.", "questions_answered": [ "What happens to the family home when a parent dies?", "Can creditors force the sale of a decedent's house to pay estate debts?", "When is a surviving spouse allowed to keep the home as a homestead?", "Can the homestead be divided among heirs while the spouse is still living there?", "What debts are the decedent's home allowed to cover?", "Can a reverse mortgage be used to satisfy estate debts?", "How does the law treat children’s rights to the home if it was separate or community property?", "When can a guardian of minor children stop using the home as a homestead?", "Is the home protected from taxes and purchase-money liens after the owner dies?", "What must happen before the homestead can be partitioned among owners?" ], "issue_tags": [ "homestead-rights", "probate", "estate-debts", "partition", "surviving-spouse", "minor-children" ], "synonyms": [ "Decedent's homestead rules", "Homestead probate provisions", "Texas homestead inheritance", "Homestead partition laws", "Estate homestead protections" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "111", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 111. NONPROBATE ASSETS IN GENERAL", "url": "/statutes/ES/111.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/111.json", "summary": "Chapter 111 sets out rules for assets that pass outside of probate, such as joint‑tenant survivorship agreements, retirement accounts, insurance policies, and employee trusts. It allows owners to agree in writing that a surviving co‑owner receives the deceased's share, defines which financial instruments are covered, and requires third parties to give information to a personal representative after death. The chapter also confirms that creditor rights are not limited by these provisions and that Texas law governs certain non‑testamentary transfers.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I create a written survivorship agreement for property I own jointly with someone else?", "Do survivorship agreements apply to community property owned by spouses?", "What types of retirement and employee benefit accounts are covered by non‑probate rules?", "If a bank or insurance company holds my assets, does Texas law control how they are transferred after I die?", "Can a creditor challenge a transfer of assets that was made without a will?", "What information can I request from a financial institution about a deceased person's account?", "Do life‑insurance proceeds automatically go to the named beneficiary without going through probate?", "Are provisions in a trust or pension plan that name a beneficiary after death valid under Texas law?", "How does Texas determine ownership of assets in a multiple‑party account after one owner dies?", "Do I need a separate agreement for a survivorship right in community property, or is it covered by another chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "nonprobate-assets", "survivorship-agreements", "retirement-accounts", "creditor-rights", "information-disclosure", "texas-law" ], "synonyms": [ "non‑probate assets", "non‑testamentary transfers", "joint tenancy survivorship", "post‑death asset transfers", "Texas non‑probate rules", "estate information requests" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "112", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 112. COMMUNITY PROPERTY WITH RIGHT OF SURVIVORSHIP", "url": "/statutes/ES/112.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/112.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas spouses create a written agreement that makes all or part of their community property automatically pass to the surviving spouse when one dies, without needing a will. It sets out how to form, change, or cancel the agreement, how a court can confirm it after death, and how banks, buyers, and creditors must treat the property.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I make my community property automatically go to my spouse when I die?", "Do I need a will if I have a community property survivorship agreement?", "What exact wording must be in the agreement to create a right of survivorship?", "Can I revoke or change the survivorship agreement after we sign it?", "Do I have to go to court to prove the agreement is valid after my spouse dies?", "What evidence does the court need to accept the agreement as enforceable?", "How do banks and other institutions know about the agreement?", "What rights do creditors have against property that passes under a survivorship agreement?", "If someone buys my property without knowing about the agreement, are they protected?", "Does the agreement affect my spouse’s personal debts after I die?", "How are joint accounts with a right of survivorship treated under this law?" ], "issue_tags": [ "community-property", "survivorship-agreement", "probate", "revocation", "creditor-rights", "third-party-purchase", "court-adjudication" ], "synonyms": [ "community property survivorship agreement", "right of survivorship in community property", "marital survivorship pact", "Texas community property right of survivorship", "survivorship deed for community property" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "113", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 113. MULTIPLE-PARTY ACCOUNTS", "url": "/statutes/ES/113.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/113.json", "summary": "Chapter 113 sets out the rules for bank accounts that have more than one owner, including joint, convenience, payable‑on‑death (P.O.D.) and trust accounts. It explains how ownership is divided, how rights change when an owner dies, what disclosures banks must give, and how creditors can reach the funds. The chapter also covers how parties can change account forms, pledge accounts, and the liability of financial institutions for payments made.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the difference between a joint account, a convenience account, a P.O.D. account, and a trust account?", "How is each party’s ownership share in a joint or multiple‑party account calculated?", "What happens to the money in a joint account when one of the owners dies?", "Can I name a beneficiary on a bank account to avoid probate, and how does that work?", "Do I need to provide proof of death to withdraw funds after a co‑owner passes away?", "Can a creditor reach the balance in a joint or multiple‑party account to satisfy a debt?", "What disclosures must my bank give me before I open or change a multiple‑party account?", "How can I change the type of account (e.g., add survivorship rights) after it’s been opened?", "Can a trust account be paid to a beneficiary before the trustee dies?", "What liability does a bank have if it pays out from a joint or convenience account after an owner’s death?", "Can I pledge or use a multiple‑party account as security for a loan?", "What rights does a convenience signer have, and do they inherit the account after the last party dies?" ], "issue_tags": [ "multiple-party-accounts", "joint-account", "payable-on-death", "trust-account", "convenience-signer", "survivorship-rights", "creditor-protection", "account-disclosure" ], "synonyms": [ "multiple‑party account rules", "joint and POD account regulations", "Texas multiple‑party account statutes", "bank account ownership and survivorship", "account form and disclosure requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "114", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 114. TRANSFER ON DEATH DEED", "url": "/statutes/ES/114.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/114.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas property owners name one or more people to automatically receive their real estate when they die, using a Transfer on Death deed. It sets out how to create, record, and revoke the deed, and explains what happens to the property at death, including how creditors and joint owners are treated.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I transfer my house to someone after I die without using a will?", "What is a Transfer on Death deed and how does it work in Texas?", "Can I change or cancel a Transfer on Death deed after I create it?", "Do I need a power of attorney to make a Transfer on Death deed?", "What happens to my property if I sell or mortgage it after I record a Transfer on Death deed?", "Will a Transfer on Death deed affect my homestead exemption or tax benefits?", "How are creditors’ claims handled when the property passes by a Transfer on Death deed?", "What if my spouse or joint owner dies before me—does the Transfer on Death deed still work?", "Can a beneficiary refuse the property they are named to receive?", "Does a Transfer on Death deed need to be recorded before I die?", "Can a will override a Transfer on Death deed?", "What happens if the designated beneficiary dies shortly after I die?" ], "issue_tags": [ "transfer-on-death", "real-property", "beneficiary-designation", "revocation", "probate-alternative", "creditor-claims" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Transfer on Death Act", "TOD deed", "beneficiary deed", "real property TOD", "transfer-on-death deed" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "115", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 115. BENEFICIARY DESIGNATION FOR MOTOR VEHICLES", "url": "/statutes/ES/115.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/115.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a vehicle owner name a person who will automatically receive the car when the owner dies, without needing a will. The owner can change or cancel the designation at any time, and the transfer works even if the owner has debts, though any existing liens stay with the car. Special rules apply when the car is owned jointly with right of survivorship, and if the beneficiary dies shortly after the owner, the designation lapses.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I name someone to inherit my car when I die?", "Can I change or cancel the beneficiary for my car after I name them?", "Does naming a beneficiary affect my ability to sell, refinance, or otherwise use my car while I’m alive?", "What happens to the car if I own it jointly with another person and we both name a beneficiary?", "Can a creditor claim the car after I die if I have outstanding debts?", "What if the person I named as beneficiary dies within a few days of me?", "Do I need to include a vehicle beneficiary in my will, or is the separate designation enough?", "Can the beneficiary refuse to take the car?", "Will naming a beneficiary affect my eligibility for public assistance programs?", "How do existing liens or loans on the car affect the transfer to the beneficiary?" ], "issue_tags": [ "beneficiary-designation", "motor-vehicle", "joint-ownership", "estate-planning", "creditor-rights", "transfer-on-death" ], "synonyms": [ "transfer-on-death vehicle", "vehicle beneficiary designation", "car inheritance", "motor vehicle TOD", "vehicle beneficiary", "car transfer on death" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "116", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 116. BENEFICIARY DESIGNATION FOR CERTAIN MANUFACTURED HOMES", "url": "/statutes/ES/116.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/116.json", "summary": "This chapter lets owners of manufactured homes that are considered personal property name one or more people to receive the home when they die, without needing a will. The owner can change or cancel the designation at any time, and the transfer happens even if the owner has debts, with special rules for joint owners and survivorship. It also explains what occurs if a beneficiary dies before the owner and how creditor claims are handled.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I name someone to inherit my manufactured home without a will?", "Can I change or cancel a beneficiary designation for my manufactured home after I set it up?", "What happens to my manufactured home if I die and the person I named also dies before me?", "Do my creditors have any claim on my manufactured home after I designate a beneficiary?", "How does joint ownership with right of survivorship affect a beneficiary designation?", "Can a beneficiary refuse the interest in my manufactured home after I die?", "Does a beneficiary designation affect my eligibility for public assistance programs?", "Is a beneficiary designation considered a will or does it override my will?", "What happens to my manufactured home if I have a mortgage or other liens when I die?", "Do I need to give notice to my beneficiary while I’m alive for the designation to be valid?" ], "issue_tags": [ "beneficiary-designation", "manufactured-homes", "joint-ownership", "estate-planning", "creditor-rights", "personal-property" ], "synonyms": [ "beneficiary designation for mobile homes", "transfer on death for manufactured homes", "owner designation of heirs for manufactured homes", "manufactured home beneficiary transfer", "personal property beneficiary designation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "121", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 121. SURVIVAL REQUIREMENTS", "url": "/statutes/ES/121.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/121.json", "summary": "This chapter sets a five‑day (120‑hour) rule that decides whether a potential heir or beneficiary is treated as having survived the decedent. If a person dies within that time, they are considered to have predeceased the decedent for purposes of wills, intestate succession, community property, joint ownership, and insurance proceeds, unless the will or other instrument says otherwise. The chapter also tells how to split property when spouses or joint owners die close together. It does not apply when a will, trust, deed, or insurance contract already provides a different distribution.", "questions_answered": [ "What happens to an inheritance if the heir dies within a few days of the person who left the inheritance?", "Does a will still apply if the beneficiary dies shortly after the testator?", "How is community property divided when a married couple dies within five days of each other?", "If joint owners die within five days of each other, how is the property shared?", "Do life‑insurance proceeds go to the intended beneficiary if they die soon after the insured?", "When does Texas treat a potential heir as having predeceased the decedent?", "What if the exact time of death for the decedent and heir can’t be determined?", "Are there any exceptions to the 120‑hour survival rule in a will?", "How are contingent beneficiaries affected if they don’t survive the primary beneficiary by five days?", "What happens to an intestate estate if the surviving requirement would cause it to escheat?" ], "issue_tags": [ "survival-requirement", "intestate-succession", "community-property", "joint-ownership", "insurance-proceeds", "will-interpretation", "estate-distribution" ], "synonyms": [ "120-hour survival rule", "survival period for heirs", "Texas estate survival requirement", "survival clause", "intestate survival rule" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "122", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 122. DISCLAIMERS AND ASSIGNMENTS", "url": "/statutes/ES/122.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/122.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how a person who would receive property after someone's death can either give up that right (disclaim) or transfer it to another person (assign). It sets out who counts as a beneficiary, treats an assignment as a gift, and limits assignments when child support or spendthrift provisions are involved. It also tells how an assignment can be filed and what happens if the required disclaimer steps are missed.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I refuse an inheritance I am entitled to receive?", "How do I give my right to inherit to someone else?", "What is the difference between a disclaimer and an assignment of my inheritance?", "Can I assign my life‑insurance payout or retirement benefits to another person?", "Does assigning my inheritance affect my child‑support obligations?", "How do I file or deliver an assignment of my estate interest?", "Is an assignment of inheritance considered a gift for tax or legal purposes?", "Can I assign an interest that is protected by a spendthrift trust?", "Who is considered a beneficiary under this chapter?", "What happens if I don’t follow the disclaimer rules before assigning my interest?" ], "issue_tags": [ "disclaimer", "assignment", "inheritance", "child-support", "spendthrift", "beneficiary" ], "synonyms": [ "disclaimer of interest", "assignment of inheritance", "transfer of beneficiary rights", "renunciation of estate", "gift of estate interest", "beneficiary disclaimer", "estate assignment" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "123", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 123. DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE", "url": "/statutes/ES/123.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/123.json", "summary": "Chapter 123 explains how a divorce, annulment, or a marriage declared void changes the way a will, trust, or beneficiary designation works. It automatically removes a former spouse and their non‑related relatives from inheritance unless the document says otherwise, and it can cancel certain trust provisions and account designations. The chapter also lets a court declare a marriage void after a person’s death and sets rules for who must return benefits received improperly.", "questions_answered": [ "What happens to my will if I get divorced after I wrote it?", "Does a former spouse still get a share of my estate if we divorce?", "Can a divorce cancel a beneficiary designation on a joint bank account or POD?", "How are trusts that name my ex‑spouse affected by our divorce?", "If I receive life‑insurance or retirement benefits from my ex‑spouse after divorce, do I have to give them back?", "Can a marriage be declared void after one of the spouses has died?", "What happens to a trust that was created by two spouses who later get divorced?", "Are there any exceptions that let a former spouse keep benefits despite a divorce?", "Do I need to redesignate beneficiaries on my accounts after a divorce?", "How does the law treat a former spouse who was named in my will but we are now divorced?", "What liability does a former spouse have if they keep property they aren’t entitled to after divorce?", "Can a court void a marriage that started less than three years before a spouse’s death?" ], "issue_tags": [ "divorce-will-effects", "trust-revocation", "beneficiary-designation", "void-marriage-after-death", "multiple-party-accounts", "former-spouse-liability" ], "synonyms": [ "Dissolution of marriage provisions", "Divorce impact on estate planning", "Effect of divorce on wills and trusts", "Post‑divorce estate rules", "Void marriage after death statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "124", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 124. VALUATION AND TAXATION OF ESTATE PROPERTY", "url": "/statutes/ES/124.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/124.json", "summary": "This chapter tells how estate taxes are split among people who receive property from a decedent, including rules for deductions, credits, and special property like spousal or charitable gifts. It also explains how temporary interests, qualified real property, and any interest or penalties are handled, and sets out the duties of the estate representative for collecting and distributing tax shares.", "questions_answered": [ "How is the estate tax divided among the people who inherit property?", "Can a will or trust specify a different way to split the estate tax?", "What tax deductions, exemptions, or credits can lower my share of the estate tax?", "Are assets left to a surviving spouse or a charity exempt from tax apportionment?", "How are temporary interests, like life estates, treated for estate tax purposes?", "What happens to the estate tax if the payment deadline is extended or missed?", "Who is responsible for paying interest and penalties if estate tax is unpaid or delayed?", "Can the estate representative withhold a portion of the property to cover the tax owed?", "How are the representative’s expenses and attorney fees divided among the heirs?", "How is estate tax that is owed to another state handled?", "How is property valued when it is used to satisfy a cash gift in a will?", "How are marital deduction gifts satisfied with assets instead of cash?" ], "issue_tags": [ "estate-tax-apportionment", "tax-deductions-credits", "temporary-interests", "qualified-real-property", "representative-expenses", "interest-penalties", "cross-state-tax", "pecuniary-gift-valuation" ], "synonyms": [ "Estate tax allocation rules", "Apportionment of estate taxes", "Estate tax distribution guidelines", "Tax sharing among heirs", "Estate tax deductions and credits", "Spousal and charitable tax exemptions", "Temporary interest tax treatment", "Qualified real property election", "Representative's tax responsibilities", "Pecuniary gift valuation rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "151", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 151. EXAMINATION OF DOCUMENTS AND SAFE DEPOSIT BOXES", "url": "/statutes/ES/151.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/151.json", "summary": "This chapter gives a probate judge the power to order someone who holds a deceased person's papers or safe‑deposit box to let a court representative look inside for a will, a burial‑plot deed, or a life‑insurance policy. It also explains how those documents can be examined and handed over, either with a court order or voluntarily by certain family members or the named executor. The law requires the presence of the judge or their agent and a receipt for any document delivered, and it limits removal of safe‑deposit contents to the procedures listed.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a probate judge order a bank to open a dead relative's safe‑deposit box?", "Who is allowed to look at a deceased person's documents without a court order?", "What must happen when a will is found in a safe‑deposit box?", "How is a burial‑plot deed handled after it is discovered in a decedent's papers?", "Can a life‑insurance policy be taken from a safe‑deposit box without a judge's order?", "What witnesses must be present when a court representative examines a decedent's documents?", "What receipt or proof is required when a document is delivered to the court?", "How long must a safe‑deposit box holder keep a copy of a delivered document?", "Are there any restrictions on removing items from a deceased person's safe‑deposit box?", "What family members can authorize an examination of a decedent's documents without a court order?" ], "issue_tags": [ "probate-examination", "safe-deposit-access", "will-discovery", "burial-plot-deed", "life-insurance", "document-delivery", "court-order" ], "synonyms": [ "Examination of Decedent Documents", "Safe Deposit Box Access in Probate", "Probate Document Inspection", "Estate Document Retrieval" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "152", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 152. EMERGENCY INTERVENTION", "url": "/statutes/ES/152.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/152.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a qualified person quickly ask a probate court for orders to pay funeral and burial costs or to protect and retrieve a deceased person's personal belongings that are in a rented place. It tells what must be in the application, where and when to file, and limits how long the order lasts. It also provides a way to limit a surviving spouse's control over burial or cremation if there is good cause.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I get money to pay for a loved one’s funeral when the heirs won’t help?", "Who is allowed to file an emergency intervention for a decedent’s estate?", "What details must I include in an emergency intervention application?", "When do I have to file the emergency intervention after the person dies?", "Can a court order let me access a deceased person’s rented apartment to retrieve their belongings?", "How long does an emergency intervention order remain in effect?", "Can I obtain a certified copy of the emergency intervention order?", "What if the surviving spouse is suspected of causing the death—can their burial rights be limited?", "What is the maximum amount the court can approve for funeral expenses?", "Do I need to show that heirs cannot be contacted to get emergency assistance?" ], "issue_tags": [ "emergency-intervention", "funeral-expenses", "personal-property-access", "probate-application", "surviving-spouse-rights", "estate-proceedings" ], "synonyms": [ "emergency intervention order", "probate emergency application", "urgent estate relief", "funeral cost assistance", "decedent property protection", "spouse burial restriction" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "153", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 153. ACCESS TO INTESTATE'S ACCOUNT WITH FINANCIAL INSTITUTION", "url": "/statutes/ES/153.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/153.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a Texas court order a bank or other financial institution to give the balance of a deceased person's accounts when the person died without a will and no estate administrator has been appointed yet. It applies only after 90 days have passed and excludes accounts that have beneficiary designations, payable‑on‑death, trust accounts, or right‑of‑survivorship provisions. The court can do this on its own motion or at the request of an heir, spouse, creditor, or anyone else with a claim against the estate.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I get the balance of a deceased relative’s bank account if they died without a will?", "What types of accounts are excluded from a court‑ordered disclosure?", "How many days after death must pass before I can request account information?", "Do I need a court order to see an intestate’s account balance?", "Can a creditor request the decedent’s account information before an estate is opened?", "Who is considered an “interested person” for the purpose of accessing the account?", "What happens if a beneficiary designation or POD is on the account?", "Can I obtain account information if a petition for an estate administrator is already pending?", "Do I still need a court order if letters of administration have already been issued?", "Is it possible to get account details without filing a petition for a personal representative?", "What if the account has a right of survivorship—can I still get the balance?", "Which statutes define “account” and “financial institution” for this purpose?" ], "issue_tags": [ "intestate-access", "estate-information", "court-order", "financial-institution", "account-disclosure", "probate", "heir-rights" ], "synonyms": [ "Access to Intestate's Account", "Intestate account disclosure", "Court‑ordered bank account info for decedent", "Probate bank account access", "Intestate estate financial information" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "201", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/201.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/201.json", "summary": "This chapter tells how a Texas decedent’s property is split when there’s no will. It sets out who gets what—spouse, children, parents, siblings, grandparents, and more—based on who survived the decedent. It also covers special situations like adopted children, unborn heirs, half‑blood relatives, and when a parent may be barred from inheriting.", "questions_answered": [ "Who inherits my property if I die without a will and have no surviving spouse?", "How is my estate divided between my spouse and my children when I die intestate?", "Do adopted children inherit the same as my biological children?", "What happens to my estate if I die by suicide?", "Can a parent be prevented from inheriting from their child’s estate?", "How are half‑blood relatives treated compared to whole‑blood relatives in inheritance?", "What rights does an unborn child have to inherit if I die before they are born?", "What happens to my estate if a beneficiary is convicted of killing me?", "How does a gift I gave during my life affect my heirs’ shares after I die?", "If my marriage is declared void, does my former spouse’s child inherit from me?" ], "issue_tags": [ "intestate-succession", "inheritance", "heirship", "adopted-children", "half-blood-relatives", "advancements", "probate" ], "synonyms": [ "intestate succession rules", "descent and distribution statutes", "Texas inheritance law", "estate distribution without a will", "heirship rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "202", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/202.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/202.json", "summary": "Estates Code Chapter 202 governs a \"proceeding to declare heirship\" (also called a determination of heirship) in Texas. It lets a probate court formally identify who a deceased person's legal heirs are and what share of the estate each heir receives, which is needed when someone dies without a will, when a will left out some property, or when no estate administration has happened. The chapter spells out who can file, what the application and supporting affidavit must say, how the heirs and other parties must be given notice (by qualified delivery, posting, or publication for unknown heirs), the two-disinterested-witnesses evidence rule, and the final judgment that names the heirs and their shares and can be recorded in the deed records to fix title to real property.", "questions_answered": [ "how do I prove who the heirs are when someone dies without a will in Texas", "what is a determination of heirship and when do I need one", "how do I establish who inherits property when there is no will", "who can file a proceeding to declare heirship", "what does the application to determine heirship have to include", "do I need witnesses to prove the family history and who must they be", "how are unknown or missing heirs notified in a heirship case", "does the court appoint an attorney for unknown heirs in a heirship proceeding", "how do I clear title to inherited real estate when the deceased had no will", "can I bring a heirship case years after the person died", "what happens if an heir was left out of the heirship judgment", "how does a heirship judgment affect buyers and people who owe the estate money" ], "issue_tags": [ "intestate-succession", "determination-of-heirship", "probate", "heirs", "estate-administration", "clearing-title", "service-of-citation", "attorney-ad-litem" ], "synonyms": [ "determination of heirship", "declaration of heirship", "proceeding to declare heirship", "judgment declaring heirship", "heirship proceeding", "establishing heirs", "intestate succession", "dying without a will", "no will probate", "affidavit of heirship (related but distinct out-of-court alternative)" ], "reviewed": true }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "203", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/203.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/203.json", "summary": "This chapter allows a court to accept a recorded affidavit or similar document as the first proof of who the heirs are when someone dies without a will. The affidavit must have been on file for at least five years in the county where the property is located or where the decedent lived. If the statement is wrong, anyone can present evidence to correct it, and the chapter also provides a template for the affidavit.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I prove who inherits a deceased relative’s property without going to probate?", "What is a nonjudicial affidavit of heirship and when can it be used?", "How long does an affidavit of heirship need to be on record before it is accepted as evidence?", "Can I use a recorded statement from a different county than where the property is located?", "What information must be included in an affidavit of heirship?", "What if the affidavit contains an error—can I challenge it in court?", "Does an affidavit affect the rights of heirs who were omitted from the statement?", "Do I need a lawyer to prepare and file an affidavit of heirship?", "Can the affidavit be used for both real property and personal property?", "What steps are required to have the affidavit notarized and recorded?" ], "issue_tags": [ "nonjudicial-heirship", "affidavit-of-heirship", "probate-alternative", "estate-identity", "recorded-evidence", "texas-estates" ], "synonyms": [ "affidavit of heirship", "nonjudicial heirship affidavit", "recorded statement of heirship", "heirship affidavit form", "prima facie heir evidence", "heir identification affidavit" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "204", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/204.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/204.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out how Texas courts can order DNA testing to figure out who is an heir when a person dies without a clear will. It explains who pays for the testing, how the results are used in court, and what happens if the results are disputed or inconclusive. It also covers rules about privacy, penalties for misusing DNA samples, and allows name changes when a test confirms heirship.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a probate court order DNA testing to decide who inherits?", "Who must pay for the DNA testing in an heirship case?", "What can the court do if someone refuses to provide a DNA sample?", "Are the results of DNA testing admissible as evidence in probate?", "What happens if the DNA test results are inconclusive?", "Can the DNA of a deceased person be tested for heirship purposes?", "Is it a crime to share or release a DNA sample that was collected for a probate case?", "Can relatives be required to provide DNA if the intended person’s sample is unavailable?", "Will the DNA testing proceedings be open to the public?", "Can a person’s name be changed after DNA testing shows they are an heir?" ], "issue_tags": [ "genetic-testing", "heirship", "probate", "court-ordered-dna", "dna-costs", "name-change" ], "synonyms": [ "DNA testing in probate", "court-ordered genetic testing for heirs", "genetic testing for estate succession", "probate DNA testing", "heirship DNA analysis" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "205", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/205.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/205.json", "summary": "This chapter provides a shortcut for heirs to claim a decedent's estate when the total value is $75,000 or less and no executor has been appointed. It requires filing a sworn affidavit with specific information, getting a judge's approval, and notifying certain parties. The rules also cover how a homestead can be transferred using the affidavit and outline the responsibilities and protections for everyone involved.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I inherit a small estate without going through probate?", "What is a small estate affidavit and when can I use it?", "How long after a person's death do I have to wait before filing a small estate affidavit?", "What is the maximum value of an estate that qualifies for a small estate affidavit?", "What information must be included in the affidavit?", "Do I need a judge to approve the affidavit before I can receive the assets?", "How is a homestead transferred if the estate qualifies for a small estate affidavit?", "Who must receive a copy of the affidavit after it is filed?", "What liability do I have if I sign or rely on a small estate affidavit?", "Can a creditor challenge the distribution of a small estate affidavit?", "Where is the affidavit kept as a public record?", "Do I need to appoint a personal representative if I use a small estate affidavit?" ], "issue_tags": [ "small-estate-affidavit", "intestate-successor", "probate-alternative", "homestead-transfer", "affidavit-approval", "estate-liability" ], "synonyms": [ "small estate affidavit", "affidavit for small estates", "Texas small estate process", "simplified probate", "affidavit of heirship", "small estate administration" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "251", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/251.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/251.json", "summary": "Chapter 251 of the Texas Estates Code tells who can make a will, what they can include, and the steps needed for a valid will. It covers the basic writing, signing, and witnessing rules, special cases for handwritten, foreign, and self‑proved wills, and how those wills are handled in probate.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is allowed to create a will in Texas?", "Do I have to be 18 years old to make a will?", "Can a married person or someone in the military make a will if they are under 18?", "What are the signing and witness requirements for a Texas will?", "Do witnesses have to be a certain age?", "Do I need witnesses for a handwritten (holographic) will?", "Can a will that was signed abroad be used in Texas?", "What is a self‑proved will and how does it make probate easier?", "How do I make my will self‑proved?", "Can I change or revoke a self‑proved will?", "Can a will be signed in front of an officer to avoid witness testimony?", "Can I disinherit my children or other heirs in my will?" ], "issue_tags": [ "will-eligibility", "will-requirements", "self-proved-wills", "holographic-wills", "foreign-wills", "witness-age", "probate" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas will statutes", "will formation rules", "will execution requirements", "self-proved will provisions", "holographic will rules", "foreign will exceptions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "252", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/252.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/252.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas residents how to safely store a will with their county clerk, what paperwork and fees are required, and how the clerk must notify and deliver the will after the testator dies. It also explains the duties of anyone who holds a will, including how courts can force delivery and award damages if a will is withheld.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I deposit my will with the county clerk?", "What information must be on the wrapper when I file my will?", "How much does it cost to file a will with the county clerk?", "Can I get my will back while I’m still alive?", "Who gets notified when the testator dies and the will is on file?", "How can the executor or heirs obtain the will after the testator’s death?", "What happens if the will’s executor dies or doesn’t claim the will?", "What must a person who has a will do when they learn the testator has died?", "Can a court force someone to turn over a will they are holding?", "What damages can I recover if someone refuses to deliver a will?" ], "issue_tags": [ "will-deposit", "will-custody", "probate-notice", "county-clerk", "estate-paper-delivery" ], "synonyms": [ "Will safekeeping", "Will filing with county clerk", "Will custody rules", "Will storage procedures", "Will deposit and delivery" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "253", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/253.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/253.json", "summary": "This chapter says that Texas courts cannot block anyone from making a new will, adding a codicil, or cancelling an existing will. It also explains the ways a will can be revoked, such as by a later will, a codicil, a written statement, or by destroying the original document in the testator's presence.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a court stop me from creating a new will?", "Am I allowed to add a codicil to my existing will?", "What actions can I take to revoke my current will?", "Do I need a special form to cancel a will, or can I just destroy it?", "Is a later will the only way to change an earlier will?", "Can I revoke only part of my will without affecting the rest?", "What formalities must a revocation statement follow?", "Does a court order ever have the power to prevent me from changing my will?", "If I destroy my will, does that count as revocation?", "Can I revoke a will by signing a written declaration?" ], "issue_tags": [ "wills", "revocation", "will-amendment", "probate", "estate-planning", "court-restrictions" ], "synonyms": [ "Will change rules", "Will revocation statutes", "Changing a will in Texas", "Revoking a will", "Texas will amendment law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "254", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/254.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/254.json", "summary": "Chapter 254 sets out special rules for Texas wills. It explains how property can be left to trusts, limits gifts to witnesses and attorneys, governs contracts that affect wills, addresses forfeiture clauses, and lets a testator name someone to choose the estate administrator if the named executor cannot serve.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I leave property to a trust in my will?", "What happens if a person who signs my will also receives a gift in that will?", "Am I allowed to give a gift to my lawyer who prepared my will?", "Do I need a written agreement to promise not to revoke my will?", "Are clauses that punish beneficiaries for suing enforceable?", "Can I name a person to pick the estate administrator if the executor can't serve?", "What if the executor I named in my will is dead or refuses to serve?", "Will a revocable or amendable trust still receive a devise from my will?", "Does signing a joint or reciprocal will automatically prove a contract exists?", "Can a beneficiary challenge a forfeiture clause in the will?" ], "issue_tags": [ "wills", "trusts", "estate-administration", "forfeiture-clauses", "attorney-gifts", "witness-bequests", "will-contracts" ], "synonyms": [ "will provisions", "will contracts", "estate will rules", "will and trust provisions", "Texas will statutes", "will-related statutes", "will and devise regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "255", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/255.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/255.json", "summary": "Chapter 255 sets out the rules Texas courts use to read and apply wills. It explains which personal items are included, how children born or adopted after a will is signed are treated, how lifetime gifts affect bequests, what happens when a devise fails, how securities and debts are handled, and when a court can modify a will.", "questions_answered": [ "Does a will automatically include furniture or other items that are inside a chest or other piece of furniture?", "What rights does a child born or adopted after a will is signed have to inherit from the estate?", "If I give someone a gift while I'm alive, does that reduce what they get in my will?", "What happens to a bequest if the person named in the will dies before I do?", "How are stocks and other securities treated in a will, especially if they change after the will is signed?", "Can a specific piece of property be passed to a beneficiary without the estate having to pay any debts attached to it?", "Can a court change the terms of a will after it has been filed for probate?", "Do I need to specifically mention a power of appointment in my will for it to be valid?", "How are class gifts (like \"to my children\") handled if a child is born after my death?", "What if a devise fails—does it become part of the residuary estate or go to someone else?" ], "issue_tags": [ "will-interpretation", "pretermitted-child", "lifetime-gifts", "failed-devise", "securities", "debt-exoneration", "judicial-modification" ], "synonyms": [ "Construction and Interpretation of Wills", "Will construction rules", "Will interpretation statutes", "Texas will construction chapter", "Estate will interpretation provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "256", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/256.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/256.json", "summary": "This chapter explains when a will becomes effective and the steps required to have it admitted to probate in Texas. It tells who may apply, what details must be included in the application, how the court proves the will, and the time limits for filing and contesting a probate. It also covers handling of original wills, missing wills, and the rights of buyers who purchase property after a probate filing.", "questions_answered": [ "When does a will become effective in Texas?", "How long do I have to file a will for probate after a person dies?", "Who is allowed to apply for probate of a will?", "What information must I include in a probate application?", "Do I need to submit the original will with my probate filing?", "What should I do if I cannot locate the original will?", "How does the court prove a will that is not self‑proved?", "How long do I have to contest a will after it is admitted to probate?", "Can a will be probated if the testator is still alive?", "What happens if a will is filed more than four years after death?", "What rights do buyers have if they purchase property after a late probate filing?" ], "issue_tags": [ "probate-wills", "will-admission", "probate-application", "will-proof", "contest-period", "estate-procedures" ], "synonyms": [ "Probate of wills", "Will probate rules", "Texas will probate statutes", "Will admission procedures", "Estate probate guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "257", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/257.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/257.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a Texas court accept a will as a muniment of title, which is a shortcut probate process when the estate has no unpaid debts (except real‑estate liens) or when full administration isn’t needed. It sets out what must be included in the application, how the will must be filed, the proof the court must see, and the orders and reports that follow. It also explains that a later estate administration can still be opened if needed. The rules apply only when the court is satisfied the will should be admitted and the estate meets the limited‑debt criteria.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I probate a will without going through a full estate administration?", "What information do I need to include in an application to probate a will as a muniment of title?", "Do I have to file the original will with the court when I apply?", "What proof must I show that the testator is dead and the will is valid?", "How long after the testator’s death can I file for probate as a muniment of title?", "What should I do if I cannot produce the original will for the court?", "What happens after the court admits the will as a muniment of title?", "Do I still need to appoint a personal representative later on?", "What reporting requirements do I have after the will is probated?", "Can creditors still claim against the estate if I use the muniment of title process?" ], "issue_tags": [ "probate", "wills", "muniment-of-title", "estate-administration", "texas-estates", "probate-application" ], "synonyms": [ "probate of will as muniment of title", "muniment of title probate", "simplified probate", "probate without administration", "will probate as title document", "muniment probate process" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "258", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/258.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/258.json", "summary": "Chapter 258 tells the court clerk how to notify everyone who has an interest when a will is filed for probate. It explains how to serve those notices, when a court can act, and what to do if an heir’s address can’t be found, including appointing a lawyer to protect unknown heirs. The rules also cover special notices after the four‑year probate window and how to use publication when personal service fails.", "questions_answered": [ "How does the court tell interested parties that a will is being probated?", "What information must be included in the notice about a probate application?", "Can a court act on a probate filing before the notice is served?", "How are heirs served if their address is unknown or they live out of state?", "Can an heir waive the notice requirement, and who can do that for a minor heir?", "What notice must be given to heirs when a will is filed after the four‑year probate period?", "What happens if an heir does not respond to a notice about probate?", "When does the court appoint an attorney ad litem for unknown heirs?", "How is service by publication used if personal service fails?", "Do the rules change if the testator already had a different will probated?" ], "issue_tags": [ "probate-notice", "citation-service", "heir-notification", "attorney-ad-litem", "publication-service" ], "synonyms": [ "probate citations", "will notice requirements", "estate notice rules", "service of probate citation", "notice to heirs in probate" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "301", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/301.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/301.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you how to start the probate process in Texas by filing an application for letters testamentary (when there’s a will) or letters of administration (when there’s no will). It sets a four‑year filing deadline, lists who can apply, what details must be included, and what proof the court needs. It also explains how others can oppose the application and how creditors can block an administration request with a bond.", "questions_answered": [ "How long do I have to file a probate application after a person dies?", "Who is allowed to apply for letters of administration or letters testamentary?", "What information must I put in the application for letters of administration?", "What proof do I need to show that the decedent is dead and that I’m qualified?", "Can someone oppose my application for letters of administration, and how?", "What happens if the court decides there’s no need for administration?", "How can a creditor stop an administration request from being granted?", "What is a bond in this context and how does it protect a creditor?", "Do I need to include the decedent’s driver’s license or social security numbers in the application?", "What do I do if the estate has a will but no executor is named or the named executor can’t serve?" ], "issue_tags": [ "probate-application", "letters-testamentary", "letters-of-administration", "estate-deadline", "proof-requirements", "opposition-probate", "creditor-bond" ], "synonyms": [ "application for probate", "probate filing", "letters testamentary request", "letters of administration request", "estate administration application", "executor appointment filing", "administer estate petition" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "303", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/303.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/303.json", "summary": "When a person files for letters of administration to manage a deceased's estate, the clerk must create a public notice (citation) that lists the key details of the case. This citation is posted so anyone with an interest in the estate can see it and has a chance to object. The court cannot make any decisions on the application until the citation has been properly posted.", "questions_answered": [ "What notice must be given when someone applies for letters of administration?", "Who needs to be notified when an estate is opened for administration?", "What information must be included in the citation for an administration application?", "How is the citation for a letters of administration case served?", "Can a court act on an administration request before the citation is posted?", "What does “posting” a citation mean in probate cases?", "When can interested parties appear to contest an administration application?", "What happens if the citation is not posted correctly?", "Do all parties automatically receive the citation, or must they be personally served?", "Is the citation requirement the same for wills and for intestate estates?", "What is the deadline for the court to act after the citation is posted?", "Can the clerk waive the citation requirement in any situation?" ], "issue_tags": [ "estate-administration", "citations", "notice-posting", "probate-procedure", "court-action" ], "synonyms": [ "opening of administration notices", "letters of administration citation rules", "estate notice requirements", "probate citation process", "administration application notice" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "304", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/304.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/304.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the priority list for who can be appointed to manage a deceased person's estate, starting with the named executor and moving through spouses, heirs, creditors, and other qualified individuals. It also explains how a spouse or heir can give up their right to serve, and lists the reasons someone might be barred from acting as executor or administrator.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is first in line to be appointed as executor of a Texas estate?", "What is the order of priority for selecting a personal representative in Texas?", "Can a surviving spouse decline the right to serve as executor?", "What happens if multiple people are equally entitled to serve as personal representative?", "What types of people are disqualified from serving as an executor or administrator?", "Can a felon be appointed as executor of an estate?", "Do non‑residents of Texas need to meet special requirements to serve as personal representative?", "How does a creditor become eligible to administer an estate?", "What does it mean to renounce the right to letters testamentary?", "Can a corporation act as a personal representative in Texas?", "What factors does the court consider when choosing between equally entitled candidates?", "How can someone prove they are of good character to qualify as a personal representative?" ], "issue_tags": [ "probate", "personal-representative", "executor-qualification", "estate-administration", "disqualification", "renunciation" ], "synonyms": [ "executor eligibility rules", "order of priority for estate representatives", "personal representative qualifications", "estate administrator selection", "rights to serve as personal representative", "disqualification criteria for executors" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "305", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/305.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/305.json", "summary": "Chapter 305 lays out the steps a person must follow to become a qualified personal representative (executor or administrator) in a Texas probate case. It explains how to take an oath or make a declaration, when and how to file a bond, how the bond amount is set, and what alternatives like cash deposits or corporate sureties are allowed. The chapter also describes what happens if a bond is not provided or needs to be replaced.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I qualify to be an executor or administrator in Texas?", "When do I need to take an oath or file a declaration as a personal representative?", "What is the deadline for filing a bond after being appointed?", "Do I have to give a bond if the will says no bond is required?", "Can I use a corporate surety instead of individual sureties for my bond?", "How is the amount of the bond determined for an estate?", "What can I do if I cannot afford to post a bond?", "What happens if I fail to give the required bond on time?", "Can I replace a bond with a cash or securities deposit?", "What are the requirements for sureties on a personal representative’s bond?", "When might the court require me to give a new bond?" ], "issue_tags": [ "probate-bond", "personal-representative-qualification", "oath-declaration", "bond-amount", "surety-requirements", "bond-replacement", "bond-failure" ], "synonyms": [ "executor qualification rules", "administrator bond requirements", "estate representative oath", "probate bond guidelines", "personal representative bond rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "306", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/306.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/306.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you how Texas courts give out the official paperwork that names a person as the executor of a will or the administrator of an estate. It sets deadlines for accepting the role, explains when the court can step in if the will’s executor can’t serve, and describes how to get new copies if the original letters are lost. The rules also cover what must appear in the court order and the form of the letters themselves.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I obtain letters testamentary after a will is probated?", "What is the deadline for an executor to accept and qualify after a will is probated?", "What happens if the executor named in the will is dead or refuses to serve?", "When can a court grant letters of administration for an estate without a will?", "What factors does the court consider to decide if an estate needs an administrator?", "What information must be included in the court’s order granting letters?", "Can I get a replacement copy of letters if the original ones are lost or destroyed?", "Do I need to post a bond when I receive letters of administration or testamentary?", "Can more than one person be appointed as executor or administrator, and how are letters issued to them?", "What does a letter of administration allow me to do for the estate?" ], "issue_tags": [ "estate-administration", "letters-testamentary", "probate-process", "executor-qualification", "court-order", "replacement-letters" ], "synonyms": [ "granting letters", "issuing letters of administration", "letters testamentary", "probate letters", "appointment of personal representative", "court letters for estate" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "307", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/307.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/307.json", "summary": "This chapter says that when an executor or administrator of an estate acts within their authority, the transaction stays valid for a buyer who purchased in good faith, even if the executor’s authority is later challenged. It also explains that if there are multiple executors or administrators, the actions of any one of them count as if all acted together, and all must sign off on real‑estate transfers unless a court orders otherwise.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I keep a house I bought from an estate if the executor later loses authority?", "What rights do I have as a buyer who purchased estate property in good faith?", "Do I need all the executors to sign a deed when selling estate real estate?", "What happens to the estate’s administration if one executor dies or resigns?", "Can a single executor’s actions be treated as if all executors acted together?", "Is a transaction still valid if the executor’s authority is later declared invalid?", "When can a court allow fewer than all executors to act on a real‑estate conveyance?", "Do I have protection if I bought estate property without knowing about any legal problems with the title?", "How does the law treat joint executors who disagree on a sale?", "What steps must co‑executors take to complete the administration after one is removed?" ], "issue_tags": [ "good-faith-purchaser", "executor-authority", "joint-executors", "probate-administration", "estate-transactions" ], "synonyms": [ "validity of executor actions", "executor and administrator acts", "probate administration validity", "good faith purchaser protection", "joint executor rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "308", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/308.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/308.json", "summary": "This chapter tells the person in charge of a decedent's estate how and when to let people know they are named in the will or have a claim against the estate. It sets deadlines, required information, and delivery methods for notifying beneficiaries, creditors, and other interested parties, and requires a filing that records what notices were sent. It also outlines who is exempt from notice and the consequences for failing to give proper notice.", "questions_answered": [ "When must a personal representative send notice to beneficiaries after a will is probated?", "What information must be included in the notice sent to a beneficiary?", "Do I have to notify a charitable organization that is a beneficiary, and if so, how?", "How should I give notice to a minor beneficiary or a beneficiary with a guardian?", "What are the rules for notifying secured creditors of the estate?", "Can I give notice to unsecured creditors, and what must that notice say?", "What steps do I need to take if I cannot locate a beneficiary’s address?", "Do I need to publish a notice for people who might have claims against the estate, and where should it be published?", "What affidavit or certificate must I file to prove that notices were sent?", "What are the penalties if I fail to give the required notice to beneficiaries or creditors?" ], "issue_tags": [ "probate-notice", "beneficiary-notification", "creditor-notice", "estate-administration", "affidavit-filing", "notice-content" ], "synonyms": [ "Notice to Beneficiaries", "Beneficiary Notice Requirements", "Estate Claim Notice", "Probate Notice Rules", "Section 308 Notice Requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "309", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/309.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/309.json", "summary": "Chapter 309 tells a personal representative how to list all the estate’s property, value it, and note any debts. It sets deadlines, explains when a court can appoint appraisers, and describes how to file an inventory, a list of claims, or an affidavit instead. The chapter also covers how to correct mistakes, handle new assets, and what penalties apply for missing filings.", "questions_answered": [ "When do I have to file an inventory and appraisal of the estate?", "Do I need to hire a court‑appointed appraiser, and how many can be appointed?", "How are appraiser fees paid from the estate?", "Can I file an affidavit instead of a full inventory and appraisal?", "What information must be included in the list of claims for the estate?", "What happens if I miss the filing deadline for the inventory or affidavit?", "How can I correct an error or add property that was missed in the original inventory?", "Can the court require a new appraisal or supplemental inventory?", "What penalties can the court impose if I fail to file on time or misrepresent information?", "Who can request a supplemental inventory or challenge the appraisal?" ], "issue_tags": [ "estate-inventory", "appraiser-appointment", "list-of-claims", "probate-deadlines", "affidavit-alternative", "court-penalties", "inventory-corrections" ], "synonyms": [ "estate inventory and appraisal rules", "probate inventory requirements", "list of claims filing guidelines", "court‑appointed appraiser procedures", "affidavit in lieu of inventory", "inventory filing deadlines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "310", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/310.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/310.json", "summary": "Chapter 310 tells how the money and other assets of a deceased person's estate are split between paying debts, taxes, funeral costs, and other expenses, and the income that the estate generates. It lets the executor decide how to charge professional fees and other costs, and sets rules for how any income earned after death is calculated and divided among heirs. The chapter also points to other statutes that may apply if there’s a conflict.", "questions_answered": [ "How are estate debts and funeral expenses paid from the estate?", "Can the executor choose how to split professional fees between the estate’s income and principal?", "What taxes must be paid before any distribution to heirs?", "How is income earned by the estate after the decedent’s death calculated?", "How is that income divided among the beneficiaries?", "What costs are taken out of the estate’s principal versus its income?", "What happens if the will says something different about expense allocation?", "How are interests in undistributed assets determined among heirs?", "How is income received by a trustee treated?", "Which law controls if there’s a conflict between this chapter and the Property Code?" ], "issue_tags": [ "estate-income-allocation", "executor-discretion", "estate-expenses", "inheritance-tax", "probate", "estate-distribution", "trust-code" ], "synonyms": [ "Estate income and expense allocation", "Allocation of estate assets", "Estate administration expense rules", "Estate income distribution rules", "Principal vs income allocation", "Executor expense allocation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "351", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 351. POWERS AND DUTIES OF PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVES IN GENERAL", "url": "/statutes/ES/351.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/351.json", "summary": "Chapter 351 sets out what Texas executors and administrators can and must do when handling a decedent's estate. It explains their authority to manage, sell, or protect estate property, run any business owned by the estate, borrow money, and handle digital assets, while also outlining their duty of care and potential liability for neglect. The chapter also covers procedural matters like appeal bonds, attorney fees, and court oversight of their actions.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need to post an appeal bond if I appeal a court decision as an executor?", "What powers can an executor use without getting a court order?", "Can an executor borrow money or mortgage estate property, and how is that authorized?", "What are the duties for caring for and protecting estate property, including buildings and digital assets?", "When can a court order an executor to operate a business that is part of the estate?", "What authority does an executor have to sell, lease, or abandon estate real estate?", "How must an executor handle claims, debts, and recovery of estate assets?", "What liability does an executor face if they neglect their duties or are removed?", "How are attorney fees and expenses paid from the estate?", "Can an executor hold stocks or other property in a nominee’s name, and what are the rules?", "What reporting and notice requirements apply when an executor deals with estate real property?", "How are digital assets like emails and online accounts accessed by the personal representative?" ], "issue_tags": [ "executor-powers", "fiduciary-duties", "estate-property-management", "business-operations", "borrowing-and-mortgage", "digital-assets", "appeal-bond", "liability" ], "synonyms": [ "executor duties", "administrator powers", "personal representative authority", "estate administration rules", "Texas probate representative duties" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "352", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 352. COMPENSATION AND EXPENSES OF PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVES AND OTHERS", "url": "/statutes/ES/352.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/352.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for how Texas executors, administrators, and temporary administrators get paid and reimbursed for costs when they manage a decedent's estate. It establishes a standard 5% commission on cash handled, allows courts to approve higher fees in special situations, and lets the court reduce or deny compensation if the representative acts imprudently. It also outlines which expenses and attorney fees personal representatives can recover, including costs for defending or contesting a will.", "questions_answered": [ "How much commission can an executor or administrator receive for handling an estate?", "Can an executor earn a commission on cash that was already in a bank or brokerage account at the time of death?", "When can a court approve extra compensation for an executor who manages a farm, ranch, or business?", "What reasons would a court have to reduce or deny an executor’s commission?", "What types of expenses can a personal representative recover from the estate?", "Are attorney’s fees for defending a will or contesting a will payable from the estate?", "Can a beneficiary who helps defend a will claim reimbursement for their legal costs?", "How must expense claims be filed and documented with the court?", "Is there a maximum limit on the total commission based on the estate’s value?", "Do temporary administrators receive the same compensation rules as permanent executors?" ], "issue_tags": [ "estate-compensation", "executor-fees", "estate-expenses", "will-defence-fees", "probate-costs", "texas-estates" ], "synonyms": [ "executor compensation", "administrator fees", "personal representative expenses", "estate administration fees", "probate compensation rules", "Texas estate representative pay" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "353", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 353. EXEMPT PROPERTY AND FAMILY ALLOWANCE", "url": "/statutes/ES/353.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/353.json", "summary": "Chapter 353 tells Texas courts how to set aside and protect certain assets called exempt property for a decedent’s surviving spouse and children, and how to provide a family allowance to support them for a year. It explains how the estate’s executor must deliver those assets, how allowances can be paid in cash or property, and what happens to the exempt property if the estate is solvent or insolvent. The chapter also covers how liens are handled and when the estate may need to sell assets to fund the allowances.", "questions_answered": [ "What types of property are considered exempt in a Texas estate?", "How is the family allowance for a surviving spouse and children calculated and paid?", "Who is entitled to receive the homestead and other exempt assets after someone dies?", "Can the estate sell property to raise cash for the family allowance or allowance in lieu of exempt property?", "What happens to exempt property if the estate is insolvent?", "How are minor children’s shares of exempt property distributed?", "Can an adult incapacitated child receive a portion of the family allowance?", "What debts can be taken against exempt property, and are liens still valid?", "Who can apply to the court to have exempt property set aside?", "What are the maximum dollar limits for an allowance in lieu of the homestead and other exempt property?" ], "issue_tags": [ "exempt-property", "family-allowance", "estate-solvency", "heir-distribution", "estate-debts", "homestead", "minor-children", "adult-incapacitated" ], "synonyms": [ "exempt property and family allowance rules", "Texas estate exemption provisions", "family support allowance in probate", "exempt assets in a decedent's estate", "allowance in lieu of exempt property", "family allowance statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "354", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 354. SUMMARY PROCEEDINGS FOR, OR WITHDRAWAL FROM ADMINISTRATION OF, CERTAIN ESTATES", "url": "/statutes/ES/354.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/354.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a personal representative wrap up very small estates quickly by paying priority claims and then asking the court to approve the final account. It also provides a way to end the administration of an estate by posting a bond, after which the executor must deliver the remaining assets, the court discharges the executor, and the estate is closed. Creditors and distributees have specific rights to enforce payment after the estate is withdrawn from administration.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I settle a small estate without going through full probate?", "How does a court approve the final account of a personal representative?", "What is the process for ending an estate’s administration with a bond?", "Who can request that the executor appear and describe the condition of the estate?", "What must a bond cover when withdrawing an estate from administration?", "After a bond is posted, how are the remaining assets delivered to heirs?", "What happens to the executor’s duties once the estate is withdrawn from administration?", "Can creditors sue the bond or the distributees for unpaid debts?", "Is there a lien on the property after the estate is withdrawn from administration?", "How can I request a partition of an estate that has been withdrawn from administration?", "Do distributees have limited liability for estate debts?", "Can the court settle the personal representative’s account without notice?" ], "issue_tags": [ "small-estate-probate", "bond-withdrawal", "estate-closure", "creditor-rights", "distribution-lien", "partition", "summary-proceedings" ], "synonyms": [ "summary administration", "quick probate", "withdrawal from administration", "bonded estate transfer", "small estate settlement", "estate withdrawal process" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "355", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 355. PRESENTMENT AND PAYMENT OF CLAIMS", "url": "/statutes/ES/355.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/355.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you how to file a claim against a deceased person's estate, how the personal representative must respond, and how the court handles approval, contest, and payment. It sets deadlines, required affidavits, claim classifications, and special rules for secured claims and foreclosure.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I file a claim against an estate?", "Can I file my claim with the clerk instead of the personal representative?", "What is the deadline for the personal representative to act on my claim?", "What happens if the personal representative does not respond within 30 days?", "Do I need to include an affidavit with my claim, and what must it say?", "Can I add attorney's fees to my claim?", "What should I do if the evidence for my claim is lost or destroyed?", "How are different types of claims prioritized for payment from the estate?", "What are the rules for secured claims and how can a lien be enforced?", "How can I appeal a court’s decision on my claim?", "When can a creditor force the sale of estate property to satisfy a claim?", "What are the consequences if a personal representative tries to buy a claim against the estate?" ], "issue_tags": [ "claim-presentment", "claim-approval", "claim-payment", "estate-administration", "secured-claims", "probate-appeal", "claim-priority" ], "synonyms": [ "presentment of claims", "estate claim filing", "probate claim process", "claims against decedent's estate", "estate creditor procedures" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "356", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 356. SALE OF ESTATE PROPERTY", "url": "/statutes/ES/356.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/356.json", "summary": "Chapter 356 sets the rules for selling a decedent's property during probate. It requires a court order for most sales, but allows an executor to sell without one if the will permits. The chapter covers how personal property, livestock, real estate, easements, and mortgaged assets can be sold, the notice and reporting requirements, and limits on a personal representative’s ability to buy estate assets.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a court order to sell my late parent's house or land?", "Can an executor sell estate property without a court order if the will authorizes it?", "What estate items must be sold quickly because they could spoil or lose value?", "How is livestock from an estate sold and what approvals are required?", "Can a creditor force the sale of mortgaged property in an estate to satisfy a claim?", "What is the process for applying to have estate real estate sold at public auction?", "What notice must be given before a public auction of estate real property?", "Is it possible to sell an easement or right‑of‑way that belongs to an estate?", "May the personal representative purchase estate property, and under what conditions?", "What happens if a personal representative buys estate property without proper authorization?", "What credit terms are allowed when selling estate real estate on a credit basis?", "What reports must be filed with the court after a sale of estate property?" ], "issue_tags": [ "court-order-sale", "executor-authority", "personal-property-sale", "real-estate-auction", "livestock-sale", "credit-sale-terms", "mortgage-creditor-sale", "purchase-restrictions" ], "synonyms": [ "Estate property sale rules", "Probate sale procedures", "Executor sale authority", "Court‑ordered estate sales", "Sale of decedent assets", "Estate liquidation statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "357", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 357. RENTING ESTATE PROPERTY", "url": "/statutes/ES/357.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/357.json", "summary": "This chapter tells a personal representative how they can lease property that belongs to a deceased person's estate. It sets out when a court order is needed, what must be done for rentals longer than a year, how credit rentals must be secured, and the condition the property must be returned in. It also requires the representative to report certain rentals to the court and explains the court’s role in reviewing those reports and handling complaints.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a personal representative rent estate property without getting a court order?", "How long can I rent estate property without a court order?", "Do I need a court order to rent estate property for more than one year?", "What information must I include in a rental report to the court?", "When do I have to file a rental report after leasing estate property?", "What security is required if I rent estate property on credit?", "What condition must the estate property be in when it is returned?", "What happens if I fail to return the property in good condition?", "Can an interested party force the personal representative to rent estate property?", "What liability does the personal representative face if the rental is undervalued or the property is damaged?", "How does the court review and approve rental reports?", "What steps must be taken if the court disapproves a rental report?" ], "issue_tags": [ "renting-estate-property", "personal-representative", "court-approval", "credit-rentals", "property-return", "reporting-requirements", "liability" ], "synonyms": [ "Estate property rental rules", "Personal representative rental authority", "Renting decedent's assets", "Estate asset leasing", "Rental of estate assets" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "358", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 358. MATTERS RELATING TO MINERAL PROPERTIES", "url": "/statutes/ES/358.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/358.json", "summary": "This chapter tells a probate court how a personal representative can lease the mineral rights owned by a decedent’s estate, including the steps for filing an application, giving public notice, holding a hearing, and getting a court order. It also covers bond requirements, lease terms, extensions for shut‑in gas wells, and how to pool or unitize mineral interests without a separate court order. If the representative fails to apply, the chapter provides a way for interested parties to force the court to act.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a personal representative get court permission to lease mineral rights from an estate?", "What notice must be given before a hearing on a mineral lease application?", "What are the steps for filing a mineral lease application in probate court?", "How long can a mineral lease on estate property last, and can it be extended?", "Do I need to post a bond before a mineral lease can be executed for an estate?", "Can mineral interests of an estate be pooled or unitized, and how is that approved?", "What happens if the personal representative does not apply for lease authority?", "Can a mineral lease be made privately without public advertising, and when is that allowed?", "What information must be included in the court’s order approving a mineral lease?", "How are royalties handled when estate mineral interests are part of a pooling agreement?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mineral-leases", "probate-proceedings", "estate-administration", "pooling-unitization", "bond-requirements", "lease-notice", "hearing-procedure" ], "synonyms": [ "estate mineral leasing", "probate mineral lease authority", "court‑approved mineral leases", "personal representative mineral lease process", "mineral pooling and unitization in estates", "estate mineral rights leasing" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "359", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 359. ANNUAL ACCOUNT AND OTHER EXHIBITS AND REPORTS", "url": "/statutes/ES/359.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/359.json", "summary": "This chapter tells the executor or administrator of a decedent’s estate how to prepare and file a yearly accounting that lists all assets, debts, receipts, and payments. It requires supporting documents, sets out how the court reviews the filing, orders payment of claims, and outlines penalties for not filing on time.", "questions_answered": [ "When is the first annual account due after I become the personal representative?", "How often must I file an annual account for the estate?", "What details must be included in the annual account about estate property and cash?", "What supporting documents do I need to attach to the annual account?", "How does the court decide whether to pay all claims in full or only a portion?", "What happens if the estate does not have enough money to pay every creditor?", "Can an interested person force the personal representative to file a missing account?", "What penalties can be imposed if I fail to file the required account or exhibit?", "Do I need to provide proof of securities and other assets held for the estate?", "What is the process for correcting an account that the court finds inaccurate?" ], "issue_tags": [ "estate-accounting", "personal-representative", "claim-payment", "court-approval", "filing-deadlines", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "annual estate account", "estate accounting report", "executor annual filing", "personal representative annual report", "estate financial statement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "360", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 360. PARTITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ESTATE", "url": "/statutes/ES/360.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/360.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how an executor, administrator, heir, or devisee can request the court to split and give out the assets of a deceased person's estate. It covers the steps for full or partial distribution, how to handle property that can or cannot be divided, the appointment of commissioners, required citations and bonds, and what happens if an executor fails to deliver the property.", "questions_answered": [ "When can I ask the court to partition and distribute a decedent's estate?", "Who is allowed to file an application for estate partition or partial distribution?", "What information must I include in my application to partition the estate?", "How are interested parties, including creditors, notified about a partition application?", "What does the court do to determine each heir's share of the estate?", "How is property that cannot be fairly divided among heirs handled?", "When are commissioners appointed to divide estate assets, and what are their duties?", "What bonds or waivers are required if only some heirs receive a distribution?", "How are estate expenses, like partition costs, paid by the distributees?", "What remedies exist if an executor or administrator refuses to deliver a share of the estate?", "How is community property divided when a spouse dies?", "What steps are taken if estate property is located in another county?" ], "issue_tags": [ "partition-of-estate", "estate-distribution", "probate-procedure", "commissioners", "estate-sale", "executor-responsibilities", "creditor-notice" ], "synonyms": [ "estate partition", "estate division", "probate partition", "distribution of estate assets", "partition and distribution of estate" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "361", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 361. DEATH, RESIGNATION, OR REMOVAL OF PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVES; APPOINTMENT OF SUCCESSORS", "url": "/statutes/ES/361.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/361.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rules for when a personal representative (executor or administrator) of an estate in Texas wants to resign, is removed, or dies, and how a successor is appointed. It describes the paperwork, court hearings, and duties required for resignation, removal with or without notice, reinstatement, and the powers of a successor representative.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I resign as an executor or administrator of a Texas estate?", "What paperwork and court steps are required for a personal representative to resign?", "Can a court remove an estate administrator without giving notice?", "What reasons allow a court to remove a personal representative?", "How can a removed executor apply to be reinstated?", "What duties does a successor representative have when taking over an estate?", "Do I need to file an inventory and list of claims when I become the new personal representative?", "Can a debtor still pay the estate when there is no personal representative in place?", "What happens if the executor dies before completing the final accounting?", "How does the court appoint a new personal representative after a resignation or removal?" ], "issue_tags": [ "resignation", "removal", "successor-representation", "estate-administration", "probate-procedures", "executor-replacement" ], "synonyms": [ "personal representative resignation rules", "executor removal statutes", "successor appointment procedures", "Texas probate resignation and removal", "estate administrator replacement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "362", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 362. CLOSING ADMINISTRATION OF ESTATE", "url": "/statutes/ES/362.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/362.json", "summary": "This chapter explains the steps required to officially close a probate estate. It requires the personal representative to file a verified final account showing all assets, debts, and distributions, and sets out how heirs are notified and how the court reviews and approves the account. It also describes what the court does when the representative fails to act, including possible liability and discharge of the representative.", "questions_answered": [ "When is an estate considered settled and closed?", "What information must be included in the personal representative's final account?", "How are heirs and other interested parties notified about the final settlement?", "What does the court do to review and approve the final account?", "Can I force the settlement of an estate if the personal representative is not closing it?", "What happens to any remaining property or money after the estate is closed?", "How are unknown or missing heirs handled during the final settlement?", "What penalties apply if the personal representative withholds estate assets or fails to deliver property?", "Do I need to receive a copy of the final account, and how can I get one?", "What steps are taken to discharge the personal representative and cancel their letters after the estate is closed?" ], "issue_tags": [ "closing-estate", "final-account", "heir-notice", "estate-distribution", "representative-liability", "unknown-heirs" ], "synonyms": [ "final settlement of estate", "estate closure procedures", "closing administration", "final account filing", "estate discharge", "settling an estate", "estate finalization" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "401", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/401.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/401.json", "summary": "Chapter 401 sets the rules for creating an independent administration of a decedent's estate. It lets heirs agree to appoint an independent executor or administrator, outlines how consent is obtained, when bonds are required, and what powers the independent executor may have. The chapter also limits a judge’s liability and explains what happens if the appointed independent executor declines to serve.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I have my estate settled without the probate court handling every step?", "How do heirs agree to appoint an independent executor for a will that names no executor?", "What if the will names an executor but I want an independent administration instead?", "Can heirs of an intestate estate choose an independent administrator?", "What consent is needed from heirs, minors, or incapacitated persons to create an independent administration?", "Do I have to post a bond for an independent executor, and can the bond be waived?", "Can the independent executor be given authority to sell estate property without further approvals?", "What happens if the judge makes a mistake in appointing an independent executor?", "Can someone who declines to serve as independent executor still be appointed by the court?", "How are trusts and life estates treated when heirs request an independent administration?" ], "issue_tags": [ "independent-administration", "probate", "executor", "bond", "heir-consent", "estate-power-of-sale" ], "synonyms": [ "independent administration of estates", "independent executor appointment", "independent probate", "independent estate administration", "independent executor" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "402", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/402.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/402.json", "summary": "Chapter 402 explains how Texas estates with an independent executor are managed without needing court orders for most actions. It gives the executor authority to sell, lease, or borrow against estate property, handle digital assets, and outlines protections for buyers who act in good faith. The rules also describe the paperwork and affidavits that support these powers.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an executor sell estate property without a court order?", "What is an independent executor and how does it differ from a regular executor?", "Do I need a court order to lease or borrow money using estate assets?", "How are a decedent's digital assets handled in probate?", "What protections do buyers have when purchasing property from an estate?", "What affidavit is required for a sale by an independent executor?", "Can an independent executor act without court supervision for other estate matters?", "Is an inventory still required for an estate with an independent executor?", "What powers does an independent administrator have compared to an independent executor?", "Can a purchaser rely on the executor’s authority without checking the will?" ], "issue_tags": [ "independent-administration", "executor-powers", "digital-assets", "estate-sales", "buyer-protection", "probate-court" ], "synonyms": [ "independent administration of estates", "independent executor authority", "Texas independent probate", "executor without court approval", "estate administration without supervision" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "403", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/403.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/403.json", "summary": "Chapter 403 sets out the rules for independent executors when they manage an estate’s exempt property, allowances, and creditor claims. It explains how notices must be given, how secured and unsecured claims are handled, and when an executor can pay claims without personal liability. The chapter also outlines the limited procedural rules that apply in an independent administration.", "questions_answered": [ "How does an independent executor give notice to creditors?", "What must a secured creditor do to have their claim approved?", "When can an unsecured creditor’s claim be barred?", "Can an independent executor pay a claim without being personally liable?", "What are the steps for a creditor to present a claim in an independent administration?", "How are exempt property and allowances handled by the executor?", "What rights do secured creditors have to foreclose or collect on estate assets?", "How does the statute of limitations work for estate claims under independent administration?", "What procedural rules from supervised administrations do not apply here?", "Can a creditor enforce a claim by suing the independent executor?", "What is the difference between a matured secured claim and a preferred debt claim?", "How are claims against real property recorded and enforced?" ], "issue_tags": [ "estate-administration", "creditor-claims", "independent-executor", "exemptions-allowances", "secured-claims", "notice-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "Independent administration rules", "Exempt property and allowances provisions", "Creditor claim procedures for estates", "Estate claim handling guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "404", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/404.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/404.json", "summary": "Chapter 404 sets out how people can demand a detailed accounting from an independent executor after a probate case has been open for a while, and what to do if the executor refuses or mismanages the estate. It also explains when a court can require the executor to post a bond, how an executor can be removed (with or without notice), and how a successor independent administrator can be appointed and what powers they receive.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I request an accounting of an estate from the independent executor?", "What can I do if the executor does not provide the accounting within the required time?", "How often can I ask for a new accounting of the estate?", "When can a court require an independent executor to post a bond?", "Under what circumstances can an independent executor be removed without notice?", "What are the steps for removing an executor with notice?", "Who can apply to the court to become a successor independent administrator?", "What powers does a successor independent administrator have compared to the original executor?", "Can the costs of removing an executor be paid from the estate?", "What happens to the executor’s letters and authority if they are removed?" ], "issue_tags": [ "estate-accounting", "executor-removal", "bond-requirement", "successor-administrator", "probate-remedies" ], "synonyms": [ "independent executor", "independent administrator", "estate accounting demand", "executor bond requirement", "executor removal process", "successor independent administrator appointment", "probate accounting" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "405", "title": "Texas Constitution and Statutes", "url": "/statutes/ES/405.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/405.json", "summary": "This chapter tells independent executors how to finish an estate. It explains when a person can ask the court for an accounting, how the executor must distribute assets, and what paperwork (closing report or notice) is needed to officially close the administration. It also covers how an executor can be released from liability and what happens to the letters of authority after the estate is closed.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I request an accounting of an estate after two years have passed?", "When is an independent executor allowed to close the estate?", "What information must be included in a closing report or notice of closing estate?", "Do I need to sign a receipt to receive property from the estate?", "Can a distributee ask the court to order the distribution of remaining assets?", "What should be done if part of the estate cannot be divided among heirs?", "How does an independent executor get discharged from liability for the estate?", "What happens to the letters of testamentary after the estate is closed?", "Can a distributee file an application to close the administration?", "Is the executor required to get a release or waiver from beneficiaries before delivering assets?" ], "issue_tags": [ "closing-estate", "independent-executor", "estate-distribution", "final-accounting", "partition-of-assets", "executor-discharge" ], "synonyms": [ "independent administration closing procedures", "estate closing and distribution rules", "final accounting of an estate", "closing report requirements", "executor discharge process" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "451", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 451. ORDER OF NO ADMINISTRATION", "url": "/statutes/ES/451.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/451.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a surviving spouse, minor children, or adult incapacitated children ask a Texas court to give them a family allowance and skip the usual probate administration when the estate’s assets (excluding homestead and exempt property) are low enough. If the court agrees, it issues an order that the estate passes directly to those family members without appointing a personal representative. The order also lets creditors and others deal with the estate without formal administration, and it can be revoked within a year if new assets are found or values were miscalculated.", "questions_answered": [ "When can I avoid having a probate administrator for a loved one's estate?", "How do I apply for a family allowance and an order of no administration?", "Who is allowed to file the application for no administration?", "What details must I include in the application (heirs, creditors, property values, liens)?", "Can the court hear the application without giving notice to anyone?", "What happens to the estate if the court grants the family allowance and orders no administration?", "Do the surviving spouse and children get to keep the entire estate after the family allowance is paid?", "Can the order of no administration be challenged or revoked, and how?", "What is the deadline for filing a petition to revoke the order?", "What should I do if new assets are discovered after the order is issued?" ], "issue_tags": [ "family-allowance", "no-probate", "small-estate", "texas-estates", "estate-revocation", "creditor-rights" ], "synonyms": [ "Order of No Administration", "Family Allowance Order", "Small Estate Procedure", "Texas Probate Waiver", "No Administration Order" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "452", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 452. TEMPORARY ADMINISTRATION OF ESTATES", "url": "/statutes/ES/452.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/452.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how a Texas court can name a temporary administrator to handle a decedent's estate when quick action is needed. It describes the application steps, required bond, notice to heirs, limited powers, how the appointment can be contested, and how the temporary role ends or may become permanent.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I apply to become a temporary administrator of a deceased person's estate?", "What information must I include in my application for temporary administration?", "What powers can a temporary administrator exercise?", "How long can a temporary administrator serve before the appointment ends or becomes permanent?", "What bond is required from a temporary administrator and when must it be filed?", "How are heirs and interested parties notified about the temporary administrator appointment?", "Can someone contest the appointment of a temporary administrator, and what is the hearing process?", "When can a temporary administrator be made a permanent administrator?", "What additional powers can a temporary administrator receive during a will contest?", "What reports and accounting must be filed when the temporary administration ends?", "What happens to the estate’s assets after the temporary administrator’s term expires?" ], "issue_tags": [ "temporary-administration", "estate-management", "probate", "administrator-bond", "contest-hearing", "estate-closure" ], "synonyms": [ "temporary estate administrator", "provisional estate administrator", "interim personal representative", "temporary probate administrator", "temporary executor" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "453", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 453. ADMINISTRATION OF COMMUNITY PROPERTY", "url": "/statutes/ES/453.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/453.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you that when a spouse dies without a will, the surviving spouse can handle the community property without going through formal probate, including selling assets, collecting debts, and paying expenses. It requires the surviving spouse to keep clear records, limits their liability unless they act in bad faith, and says that remarriage does not end these powers. The chapter also explains how a personal representative and the surviving spouse share or transfer control of the community estate, and how the final distribution to heirs works.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need to open probate for community property when my spouse dies intestate?", "What can I do with our community assets if there is no executor or administrator?", "Can I sell, mortgage, or lease our house after my spouse dies without a will?", "Am I responsible for paying community debts and expenses?", "Do I have to keep an account of how I use or dispose of community property?", "Does getting remarried affect my authority over the community estate?", "How can I collect my late spouse’s unpaid wages or vacation pay without a probate?", "What steps are required to give my late spouse’s heirs their share of the community estate?", "What powers does a personal representative have over community property?", "Can I voluntarily give up my rights to manage the community property, and how?" ], "issue_tags": [ "community-property", "probate", "surviving-spouse", "estate-administration", "debt-liability", "asset-management" ], "synonyms": [ "administration of community property", "community estate management", "surviving spouse powers", "joint marital property rules", "Texas community property probate rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "454", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 454. ADMINISTRATION OF ESTATE OF PERSON PRESUMED DEAD", "url": "/statutes/ES/454.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/454.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how Texas courts handle the probate of a will or the administration of an estate when a person is presumed dead but there is no direct proof of death. It sets out how a court can issue letters of administration based on circumstantial evidence, how notices and searches for the missing person may be ordered, and requires a three‑year waiting period before any distribution of assets. The chapter also describes what happens if the presumed‑dead person later is found alive, including restoration of the estate and protection of the executor’s bond.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I get a court to declare someone dead when there is no body or direct proof?", "What kind of circumstantial evidence is enough to prove a person’s death for probate purposes?", "Can the court order a search or public notice for a missing person before granting letters of administration?", "Who pays for the cost of searching for a person presumed dead?", "How long must I wait before I can distribute the assets of an estate of a person presumed dead?", "What happens to the estate if the person who was presumed dead is later found alive?", "Can the original owner get the estate or its proceeds back if they reappear?", "Is the executor’s bond voided if the presumed‑dead person turns out to be alive?", "Can I request that a citation be served on the missing person by publication?", "What rights do heirs have while the estate is held pending proof of death?" ], "issue_tags": [ "presumed-death", "estate-administration", "circumstantial-evidence", "estate-restoration", "executor-bond", "search-cost" ], "synonyms": [ "presumed dead estate administration", "administration of estate of missing person", "letters of administration for presumed dead", "court determination of death", "estate restoration after presumed death" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "455", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 455. PUBLIC PROBATE ADMINISTRATOR", "url": "/statutes/ES/455.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/455.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a public probate administrator who steps in when a person dies without a known personal representative or next of kin. The administrator can take control of the decedent's property, file any will, arrange burial, sell or donate unclaimed assets, and handle small estates without needing formal letters of administration. It also sets bonding requirements, funding sources, and procedures for investigating estates and transferring administration to a qualified heir or executor.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a public probate administrator and when are they appointed?", "What duties does a public probate administrator have for a person who dies with no known family?", "Can a public probate administrator sell or donate property that belongs to a deceased person?", "How does a public probate administrator handle burial arrangements for someone without next of kin?", "What are the bonding and insurance requirements for a public probate administrator?", "How are small estates handled without going through the full probate process?", "When can a public probate administrator transfer the estate to a qualified heir or executor?", "What information must be provided to the court to get permission to take control of a decedent’s assets?", "How are funds collected by the public probate administrator managed and disbursed?", "What steps are required if a public probate administrator needs to surrender administration to another personal representative?" ], "issue_tags": [ "public-probate-administrator", "estate-management", "unclaimed-property", "small-estates", "probate-bond", "burial-arrangements", "administration-transfer" ], "synonyms": [ "public probate admin", "county probate administrator", "state-appointed estate administrator", "public estate administrator", "probate public administrator" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "456", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 456. DISBURSEMENT AND CLOSING OF LAWYER TRUST OR ESCROW ACCOUNTS", "url": "/statutes/ES/456.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/456.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how a deceased lawyer's client trust or escrow accounts are to be handled. It lets the estate’s personal representative hire a qualified lawyer to decide who gets the money, pay it out, and close the account. Banks must follow the instructions within seven business days and are not personally liable, but they can be sued if they ignore the rules.", "questions_answered": [ "What happens to a lawyer's client trust account when the lawyer dies?", "Who can be hired to close a deceased lawyer's escrow or trust account?", "What paperwork is needed to tell a bank how to disburse a dead lawyer's funds?", "How long does a bank have to pay out and close a deceased lawyer's trust account?", "Can the estate’s personal representative be a lawyer and handle the account themselves?", "How is it decided who is entitled to receive the money in a dead lawyer's trust account?", "Can I sue a bank if it doesn’t follow the instructions for closing a deceased lawyer’s account?", "What liability does a bank have for handling a dead lawyer’s trust or escrow account?", "Can I recover attorney’s fees if I win a lawsuit against a bank over mishandling a dead lawyer’s account?", "Are there any Supreme Court rules that govern how these accounts are administered?" ], "issue_tags": [ "trust-accounts", "escrow", "lawyer-death", "estate-administration", "bank-liability", "private-action" ], "synonyms": [ "lawyer trust account closure", "deceased attorney escrow rules", "estate handling of lawyer client funds", "disbursement of lawyer trust accounts", "closing lawyer escrow accounts" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "501", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 501. ANCILLARY PROBATE OF FOREIGN WILL", "url": "/statutes/ES/501.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/501.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how a will created by someone who lived outside Texas can be recognized in Texas when it involves Texas property. It outlines the steps to apply, the documents and notices required, how the court records the will, and the rights of executors and heirs. It also describes how a foreign will can be set aside if the deceased’s true domicile is later proven to be different.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a will made in another state or country be probated in Texas?", "What paperwork do I need to file to have a foreign will recognized in Texas?", "Do I have to give notice to heirs and devisees when filing a foreign will in Texas?", "How does Texas treat a foreign will that has already been probated elsewhere?", "Can the executor named in a foreign will receive letters testamentary in Texas?", "What happens if the deceased’s domicile was actually different from the jurisdiction that probated the will?", "Is a court order required to record a foreign will in the Texas probate docket?", "Can a foreign will be admitted to probate after the testator’s death?", "What are the notice requirements if the foreign will was probated in a jurisdiction other than the testator’s domicile?", "How can someone contest a foreign will in Texas?", "What effect does filing a foreign will have on Texas property ownership?" ], "issue_tags": [ "foreign-will-probate", "ancillary-probate", "texas-probate", "estate-foreign", "probate-notice", "executor-letters", "domicile" ], "synonyms": [ "ancillary probate of foreign will", "foreign will admission", "out-of-state will probate", "probate of nonresident will", "cross-jurisdiction probate", "foreign testamentary proceedings" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "502", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 502. ORIGINAL PROBATE OF FOREIGN WILL", "url": "/statutes/ES/502.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/502.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas courts probate a will created by someone who lived outside Texas, as long as the will is valid under Texas law and can affect Texas property. It sets out when a copy of the foreign will is enough proof, when the original may be required, and when the court can wait for the probate outcome in the other jurisdiction.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a will made by someone who lived outside Texas be probated in Texas?", "What kinds of property can a foreign will affect in Texas?", "Do I need the original foreign will to start probate in Texas?", "Is a copy of a foreign will enough proof for Texas probate?", "What if the foreign will was rejected where the person died?", "Can Texas probate a foreign will that is valid under Texas law but was rejected elsewhere for a different reason?", "When can a Texas court delay probate of a foreign will?", "What proof or authentication is required for a foreign will in Texas?", "Does the foreign will have to meet Texas legal standards?", "What happens if someone objects to a foreign will in Texas?", "Can Texas probate a foreign will that only deals with Texas assets?", "Do I need to wait for the other jurisdiction’s probate decision before Texas will act?" ], "issue_tags": [ "foreign-will-probate", "out-of-state-will", "probate-proof", "texas-estates", "will-authentication", "jurisdiction-conflict" ], "synonyms": [ "original probate of foreign will", "probate of out-of-state will", "foreign testamentary instrument probate", "cross-jurisdiction will probate", "probate of nonresident will" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "503", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 503. RECORDING OF FOREIGN TESTAMENTARY INSTRUMENT", "url": "/statutes/ES/503.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/503.json", "summary": "This chapter lets you file a copy of a will or similar document from another state or country that transfers Texas land, so it can be recorded like a deed. It sets out what paperwork, translations, and sworn statements are needed, and treats the recorded copy as official notice of ownership. It also allows anyone to challenge the validity of the foreign will using the same rules that apply to other recorded instruments.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I record a will from another state or country that transfers property in Texas?", "What documents do I need to file to record a foreign will in Texas?", "Do I have to provide an English translation if the foreign will is in another language?", "Does recording a foreign will give public notice of the ownership it creates?", "Can someone contest a foreign will after it has been recorded?", "Is a recorded foreign will treated the same as a deed for title purposes?", "Do I need to go to probate in Texas to record a foreign will?", "What counties can I record a foreign will in?", "What sworn statements are required for the translation of a foreign will?", "Will a foreign will be accepted as evidence that probate was opened in another jurisdiction?" ], "issue_tags": [ "foreign-will-recording", "probate-notice", "deed-conveyance", "translation-requirements", "contestability", "land-title" ], "synonyms": [ "recording foreign testamentary instruments", "foreign will filing", "out-of-state will recording", "international will registration", "foreign probate recording" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "504", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 504. CONTEST OF OR OTHER CHALLENGE TO FOREIGN TESTAMENTARY INSTRUMENT", "url": "/statutes/ES/504.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/504.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how Texas law lets interested people challenge wills that were probated outside the state, or in the state but based on a different domicile. It sets out the specific reasons you can contest a foreign will, the procedures and deadlines you must follow, and how notices and foreign court rejections affect the will’s status in Texas.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I contest a will that was probated in another state or country?", "What reasons are allowed to challenge a foreign will in Texas?", "Do I have to give notice before contesting a foreign will?", "How long do I have to file a contest of a foreign will?", "What happens if the foreign court that probated the will rejected it?", "Can a foreign will be re‑probated in Texas if the original probate was improper?", "Do the same rules apply for foreign wills as for Texas wills?", "What if the foreign will was probated without proper service of citation?", "Can I contest a will that was admitted to probate in the testator’s home state but also filed in Texas?", "What procedures must I follow to challenge an ancillary probate of a foreign will?" ], "issue_tags": [ "foreign-will-contest", "probate-procedure", "will-rejection", "notice-requirements", "jurisdiction", "ancillary-probate", "time-limits" ], "synonyms": [ "foreign will challenge", "out‑of‑state will contest", "cross‑jurisdiction probate dispute", "foreign testamentary instrument challenge", "ancillary probate contest", "foreign will rejection effect" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "505", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 505. FOREIGN PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVES, TRUSTEES, AND FIDUCIARIES", "url": "/statutes/ES/505.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/505.json", "summary": "This chapter tells foreign companies and individuals how they can act as trustees, executors, administrators, or guardians in Texas. It sets out filing and service‑of‑process rules, bond requirements, powers to sell property, and how they can sue to collect debts, plus penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a company from another state serve as a trustee or executor in Texas?", "What documents must a foreign corporate fiduciary file with the Texas Secretary of State?", "How does a foreign fiduciary receive legal notices and court papers in Texas?", "Do foreign executors have to post a bond in Texas, and when are they exempt?", "Can a foreign executor sell Texas real estate without getting a court order?", "What penalties apply if a foreign fiduciary breaks Texas rules?", "Can a foreign executor or administrator sue in Texas to collect money owed to the estate?", "When is a foreign executor barred from filing a debt‑recovery suit in Texas?", "What is the definition of a foreign corporate fiduciary under Texas law?", "How does Texas determine jurisdiction over a foreign executor’s lawsuit?", "How can a foreign fiduciary change its designated agent for service of process?", "Can a foreign corporate fiduciary be prohibited from serving after a conviction?" ], "issue_tags": [ "foreign-fiduciary", "texas-estate", "corporate-trustee", "executor-bond", "debt-recovery", "service-of-process", "fiduciary-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "foreign corporate fiduciary rules", "out-of-state trustees", "nonresident estate representatives", "foreign executor regulations", "cross-border fiduciary statutes", "Texas foreign fiduciary provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "551", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 551. PAYMENT OF CERTAIN ESTATES TO STATE", "url": "/statutes/ES/551.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/551.json", "summary": "This chapter requires courts to order executors or administrators to send any unclaimed share of a decedent's estate to the state comptroller, whether the share is cash or property. It sets out how the property must be sold, how receipts are handled, and provides penalties for executors, administrators, and court clerks who fail to comply. The chapter also explains how heirs can recover funds that were paid to the state and outlines the state's enforcement powers.", "questions_answered": [ "What must an executor do if a beneficiary does not claim their share of an estate?", "Are unclaimed estate shares automatically paid to the state?", "How is non‑cash property that belongs to an unclaimed share handled?", "What deadlines does an executor have to pay the state for an unclaimed share?", "Can an heir get back money that was sent to the state by mistake?", "What penalties apply if a court clerk does not forward the payment order to the comptroller?", "What damages can the state seek if an executor fails to make the required payment on time?", "Is the executor allowed to be compensated for selling estate property for the state?", "Who represents the state in court actions to enforce payment of estate shares?", "How does an heir or devisee recover funds that were paid to the state?" ], "issue_tags": [ "estate-payment", "unclaimed-share", "comptroller", "executor-penalties", "probate", "fund-recovery", "court-clerk" ], "synonyms": [ "payment of estates to the state", "unclaimed estate share rules", "estate funds to comptroller", "state claim on probate assets", "Texas probate payment to state" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "751", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 751. GENERAL PROVISIONS REGARDING DURABLE POWERS OF ATTORNEY", "url": "/statutes/ES/751.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/751.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out Texas rules for creating and using durable powers of attorney. It defines who can be an agent, what duties and powers they have, how they must keep records, and when the authority ends. It also tells third parties how to accept, verify, or refuse a power of attorney and what legal remedies exist if there are problems.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a durable power of attorney and how does it differ from a regular power of attorney?", "How can I create a valid durable power of attorney in Texas?", "Can I name more than one person to act as my agent, and can they act independently?", "What responsibilities does an agent have to keep me informed and to provide an accounting of my assets?", "When does a durable power of attorney end, and how can I revoke it?", "What actions can an agent take with my property, such as making gifts or changing beneficiary designations?", "Do I need to record a durable power of attorney when it is used for real‑estate transactions?", "What must a bank or other business do before accepting a durable power of attorney?", "What can I do if I suspect an agent is abusing their authority?", "How does a court handle disputes over the validity or interpretation of a durable power of attorney?" ], "issue_tags": [ "durable-power-of-attorney", "agent-duties", "termination", "acceptance", "recording", "fiduciary-responsibility", "gift-authority" ], "synonyms": [ "Durable Power of Attorney Act", "Texas durable POA rules", "General provisions for durable powers of attorney", "Durable attorney‑in‑fact regulations", "Durable POA statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "752", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 752. STATUTORY DURABLE POWER OF ATTORNEY", "url": "/statutes/ES/752.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/752.json", "summary": "Chapter 752 sets out a standard Texas form that lets a person name an agent to manage their financial and property matters, either right away or only if they become incapacitated. It explains how the form can be used, what powers can be granted, how the agent must act, and how the authority ends. The chapter also allows the principal to add special instructions, limit or expand powers, and revoke the document at any time.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I give someone the legal authority to handle my money and property if I become unable to do so myself?", "Do I have to use the exact Texas form, or can I create my own power of attorney document?", "Can I limit which specific powers my agent can use, like only allowing them to manage bank accounts but not sell real estate?", "What happens to the power of attorney when I die or if I decide to cancel it?", "What duties and record‑keeping responsibilities does my agent have under this law?", "Can I appoint more than one agent, and how do co‑agents act together or independently?", "Does this power of attorney cover digital assets such as online accounts and cryptocurrencies?", "Can the agent act on my behalf for tax filings, retirement plans, and government benefits?", "How does the document become effective – immediately or only after a physician certifies my incapacity?", "What are the rules for terminating the agent’s authority if they resign, are removed, or become incapacitated?" ], "issue_tags": [ "durable-power-of-attorney", "agent-duties", "revocation", "co-agents", "digital-assets", "tax-authority", "real-property" ], "synonyms": [ "statutory durable power of attorney", "Texas durable POA", "Durable Power of Attorney form", "Estate Code 752", "Durable attorney-in-fact" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "753", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 753. REMOVAL OF ATTORNEY IN FACT OR AGENT", "url": "/statutes/ES/753.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/753.json", "summary": "This chapter tells how a Texas probate court can remove an attorney‑in‑fact or agent who is acting under a durable power of attorney, who may ask for that removal, and what the court can order, including appointing a successor and adjusting compensation. It also requires the new attorney‑in‑fact to notify any third parties that relied on the original power of attorney after the removal order is entered.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I have a power of attorney agent removed?", "Who is allowed to file a petition to remove an attorney‑in‑fact or agent?", "What reasons can a court use to remove a power of attorney agent?", "Can a court appoint a successor named in the durable power of attorney after removal?", "What happens to the removed agent’s compensation?", "Do I need to give notice to banks or other third parties after an agent is removed?", "What if the agent has not provided the required accounting?", "Can a court remove an agent who is incapacitated or otherwise unable to perform duties?", "What is the procedural steps for filing a removal petition in probate court?", "Can a guardian ad litem request the removal of a power of attorney agent?", "What deadline must be met for notifying third parties after a removal order?", "What if the agent violates the terms of the durable power of attorney?" ], "issue_tags": [ "removal-of-attorney", "durable-power-of-attorney", "probate-court", "fiduciary-duties", "successor-appointment", "notice-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "Attorney-in-fact removal", "Agent removal under durable POA", "Power of attorney revocation", "Removal of fiduciary", "Durable POA termination", "Successor attorney appointment" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1001", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1001. PURPOSE AND CONSTRUCTION", "url": "/statutes/ES/1001.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1001.json", "summary": "This chapter explains why a court may appoint a guardian for someone who cannot manage their own affairs, and it sets out that the guardian’s powers should match the person’s actual limitations. It encourages limited guardianships that promote the person’s independence, especially the right to choose where they live. The chapter also says that estate laws apply to guardianships and defines who is considered an incapacitated person.", "questions_answered": [ "When can a court appoint a guardian for someone?", "What factors determine whether a guardian has full or limited authority?", "What does a limited guardianship mean for the person’s independence?", "Can a person under guardianship still decide where they live?", "Do the same rules that govern estates of deceased people also apply to guardianships?", "Who is considered an incapacitated person under the law?", "Does being a habitual drunkard make someone an incapacitated person?", "What is the purpose of appointing a guardian?", "How does the law encourage self‑reliance for someone under guardianship?", "What types of mental or physical limitations qualify someone for guardianship?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardianship", "incapacitated-person", "limited-authority", "estate-law", "self-reliance", "court-appointment" ], "synonyms": [ "guardian appointment rules", "guardianship statutes", "incapacitated person definition", "limited guardianship policy", "court‑appointed guardian guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1002", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1002. DEFINITIONS", "url": "/statutes/ES/1002.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1002.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the meanings of the key words used throughout Texas guardianship law, such as guardian, ward, incapacitated person, and estate. It also lists other options besides guardianship, like medical powers of attorney and trusts, and defines related roles like attorney ad litem and court investigator.", "questions_answered": [ "What does \"incapacitated person\" mean in Texas?", "Who can be appointed as a guardian or guardian ad litem?", "What are the alternatives to guardianship for someone who needs help making decisions?", "What is a \"community administrator\" and when does that role apply?", "How does Texas law define \"estate\" in a guardianship case?", "Who is considered a \"next of kin\" under these definitions?", "What does \"supports and services\" include for an incapacitated person?", "What is a \"private professional guardian\"?", "What is the role of a \"court investigator\" in a guardianship proceeding?", "What qualifies as a \"qualified delivery method\" for legal documents?", "How does the law define \"person\" for guardianship purposes?", "What does \"real property\" cover in this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardianship-definitions", "incapacitated-person", "alternatives-to-guardianship", "estate-terms", "court-roles" ], "synonyms": [ "Guardianship terminology chapter", "Texas estates code definitions", "Guardianship glossary", "Definitions for guardianship and related procedures" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1021", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1021. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/ES/1021.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1021.json", "summary": "This chapter lists every type of case that counts as a guardianship proceeding, depending on whether the county has a probate court, a county court at law, or no special court. It covers things like appointing a guardian, handling the guardian’s accounting, claims against the guardian’s estate, real‑property disputes, actions against former guardians or their sureties, and matters involving certain trusts. The rules change a bit based on which court has original jurisdiction in the county.", "questions_answered": [ "What kinds of legal matters are considered part of a guardianship proceeding?", "Do I need to go to probate court to settle a guardian’s estate?", "Can a claim be filed against a guardian’s estate or a former guardian?", "What actions are allowed for disputes over real property owned by a guardianship estate?", "How are lawsuits against a guardian’s surety handled?", "When can a court appoint a trustee for a special trust related to a ward?", "Does a county court at law handle guardianship matters differently than a probate court?", "What types of trusts are included in guardianship proceedings when a ward is a beneficiary?", "Can a former ward sue a former guardian for misconduct?", "What compensation or expenses can be claimed from a guardian’s account?", "Are actions against a guardian’s trustee covered by this chapter?", "How does the jurisdiction of the local court affect guardianship‑related cases?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardianship", "probate-jurisdiction", "trust-administration", "estate-settlement", "court-venue", "surety-actions", "real-property" ], "synonyms": [ "guardianship proceeding matters", "guardian estate actions", "related guardianship cases", "guardianship and trust jurisdiction", "guardian estate settlement issues" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1022", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1022. JURISDICTION", "url": "/statutes/ES/1022.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1022.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you which Texas courts can hear guardianship cases and how they can move cases around. It explains which court has original authority, when a probate court has exclusive control, and how contested matters may be transferred to other courts. It also notes that final probate orders can be appealed to the court of appeals.", "questions_answered": [ "Which court should I file a guardianship proceeding in?", "What court has original jurisdiction over guardianship cases in my county?", "Can a county court hear a guardianship case if there is no statutory probate court?", "When does a statutory probate court have exclusive jurisdiction over a guardianship?", "What happens if a guardianship matter is contested?", "Can a contested guardianship issue be moved to a district court or a probate judge?", "How does a probate court transfer a guardianship case to another court?", "Are there situations where a county court at law can hear a guardianship case?", "What types of actions involving a guardian can be heard in a district court?", "How do I appeal a final order issued in a guardianship proceeding?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardianship-jurisdiction", "probate-court", "contested-guardianship", "jurisdiction-transfer", "exclusive-jurisdiction", "concurrent-jurisdiction", "appeals" ], "synonyms": [ "Guardianship jurisdiction rules", "Probate court authority for guardianship", "Texas guardianship venue statutes", "Court jurisdiction for guardianship proceedings", "Guardianship court jurisdiction" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1023", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1023. VENUE", "url": "/statutes/ES/1023.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1023.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you which county a guardianship case must be started in, based on where the person or their property lives. It also explains how a case can be moved to another county, what notice must be given, what fees apply, and that judges are protected from lawsuits after a transfer. The rules cover both adults and minors and set out how the guardian’s bond is handled when the case moves.", "questions_answered": [ "In which county should I file a guardianship petition for an adult who lives in a certain county?", "Where do I file a guardianship case for a minor when the parents live in different counties?", "Can a guardianship case be transferred to another county after it has been filed?", "What happens if a guardianship case is filed in the wrong county?", "What notice must be given to the guardian and sureties when a guardianship is transferred?", "Is there a filing fee for a transferred guardianship case and how much is it?", "Can a judge be sued for decisions made before or after a guardianship is transferred?", "What factors does the court consider when deciding whether to move a guardianship to a different county?", "What happens to the guardian’s bond when the case is transferred to another county?", "Can a new guardian be appointed if the case is moved to a different county?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardianship-venue", "jurisdiction", "case-transfer", "notice-requirements", "guardian-bond", "judge-immunity", "fees" ], "synonyms": [ "Guardianship venue rules", "Guardianship jurisdiction and transfer", "Venue for guardianship proceedings", "Guardianship case location", "Transfer of guardianship cases", "Guardianship filing location", "Guardianship procedural venue" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1051", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1051. NOTICES AND PROCESS IN GUARDIANSHIP PROCEEDINGS IN GENERAL", "url": "/statutes/ES/1051.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1051.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rules for giving notice and serving citations in Texas guardianship cases. It tells who must be notified, what information the notice must contain, and the various ways notices can be delivered—by personal service, mail, qualified delivery, posting, or publication. It also explains how proof of service is recorded and when a person can waive notice.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to give notice to everyone involved in a guardianship proceeding?", "What information must be included in a guardianship citation or notice?", "How can a guardianship notice be served if the person has no attorney?", "Can I serve a guardianship citation by mail or a courier service?", "What are the rules for posting a guardianship notice at the courthouse?", "What should I do if the person I need to serve lives outside Texas?", "Who pays for the cost of delivering a guardianship notice?", "How is proof of service for a guardianship notice filed with the court?", "Can a court order a different method of service for a guardianship notice?", "How can a person waive notice of a guardianship hearing?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardianship-notice", "service-of-process", "citation-issuance", "proof-of-service", "waiver-of-notice", "court-ordered-service" ], "synonyms": [ "Guardianship notice rules", "Notice and process in guardianship cases", "Guardianship citation procedures", "Service of notice in guardianship", "Guardianship procedural notices" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1052", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1052. FILING AND RECORDKEEPING", "url": "/statutes/ES/1052.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1052.json", "summary": "This chapter tells county clerks how to keep and organize all the paperwork for guardianship cases. It requires a docket book for each case, a separate claim docket, and a fee book, and it allows the information to be stored electronically. The clerk must also maintain a case file with all court documents and an index that the public can inspect.", "questions_answered": [ "What records does the county clerk have to keep for a guardianship proceeding?", "How is a guardianship docket number assigned and where can I find it?", "What information must be recorded for each claim against a guardianship?", "How are fees and costs for guardianship cases tracked?", "Can the clerk store guardianship records on a computer instead of paper?", "What documents must be included in a guardianship case file?", "How does the clerk index guardianship records and can the public view that index?", "What steps does the clerk follow when filing a guardianship application or other paper?", "Is the claim docket organized in a specific column format?", "Who is responsible for endorsing filed guardianship papers with the docket number and date?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardianship-recordkeeping", "docket-number", "claim-tracking", "fee-records", "public-index", "electronic-records" ], "synonyms": [ "Guardianship docket requirements", "Guardianship claim docket", "Guardianship fee book", "Recordkeeping for guardianship cases", "Guardianship filing procedures", "Guardianship case file index" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1053", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1053. OTHER COURT DUTIES AND PROCEDURES", "url": "/statutes/ES/1053.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1053.json", "summary": "Chapter 1053 lays out how Texas courts handle the day‑to‑day steps in guardianship cases. It tells judges how to enforce orders, what fees can be charged or waived, how hearings are scheduled, and how to keep certain personal information private. The chapter also notes which standard civil‑procedure rules do not apply to guardianship matters.", "questions_answered": [ "What actions can a judge take if a guardian disobeys a court order?", "Can a court charge filing fees for a guardianship case involving a veteran injured in combat?", "Are there fee waivers for police officers or firefighters who become incapacitated on the job?", "Who decides when and where a guardianship hearing will be held if the judge is unavailable?", "Do guardianship cases have to follow the same civil‑procedure rules as other lawsuits?", "Can personal address or employment information be kept confidential in a guardianship proceeding?", "What security or bond might a person need to provide before filing a guardianship application or opposition?", "How are guardianship cases placed on the court docket and ordered for trial?", "What limits exist on how long a guardian can be confined for violating an order?", "Can a guardian, attorney ad litem, or guardian ad litem be required to post a bond for costs?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardianship-procedures", "court-fees", "confidentiality", "order-enforcement", "docket-management", "fee-exemptions", "civil-procedure-exceptions" ], "synonyms": [ "Guardianship procedural rules", "Other court duties in guardianship", "Guardianship enforcement and cost provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1054.v2", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1054. COURT OFFICERS, COURT-APPOINTED PERSONS, AND ATTORNEYS", "url": "/statutes/ES/1054.v2.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1054.v2.json", "summary": "This chapter lays out the rules for people the court appoints in guardianship cases, such as attorneys ad litem, guardians ad litem, court visitors, and investigators. It explains how they are chosen, what they must do, how long they serve, how they are paid, and what qualifications they need, including training and certification requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "Who will represent my interests if a court is deciding whether I need a guardian?", "Can I hire my own attorney instead of using a court‑appointed attorney ad litem?", "How long does an attorney ad litem stay involved in my guardianship case?", "What does a court visitor do and when might one be appointed?", "What are the duties of a guardian ad litem in a guardianship proceeding?", "Will I be paid if I serve as a guardian ad litem or court visitor?", "What qualifications and training does an attorney need to work on guardianship matters?", "Do I need an interpreter for the attorney ad litem if I speak a different language or use sign language?", "What is the role of a court investigator and how does it differ from a court visitor?", "What happens if my attorney’s guardianship certification expires?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardianship", "attorney-ad-litem", "guardian-ad-litem", "court-visitor", "court-investigator", "attorney-qualification", "interpreter" ], "synonyms": [ "court‑appointed attorney", "ad litem attorney", "guardian’s attorney", "court visitor program", "court investigator duties", "guardian ad litem", "legal representation in guardianship", "court‑appointed guardian" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1055", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1055. TRIAL AND HEARING MATTERS", "url": "/statutes/ES/1055.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1055.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rules for who may start or contest a guardianship case, how pleadings and motions must be handled, and the procedures for hearings, including the right to a jury trial and where hearings can be held. It also explains how interested parties can intervene, what evidence is admissible, and how contested cases may be sent to mediation and settled.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is allowed to start a guardianship proceeding in Texas?", "Can someone who is opposed to a proposed guardian still join the case?", "What must I do if I notice a mistake in my guardianship pleading?", "How can an interested person intervene in a guardianship proceeding?", "Do I have a right to a jury trial in a contested guardianship case?", "Where will the court hold a guardianship hearing for an adult ward?", "Can a guardianship matter be decided without an oral hearing?", "What types of records can I use as evidence in a guardianship case?", "Can a contested guardianship proceeding be sent to mediation?", "What makes a mediated settlement agreement binding in a guardianship case?", "Can the court refuse to enter a judgment on a mediated settlement if it’s not in the ward’s best interest?", "Who pays for mediation costs in a guardianship dispute?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardianship-standing", "guardianship-hearing-procedures", "guardianship-pleadings", "guardianship-mediation", "guardianship-evidence", "guardianship-jury-trial" ], "synonyms": [ "guardianship trial rules", "guardianship hearing procedures", "Texas guardianship court process", "guardianship mediation rules", "guardianship procedural statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1056", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1056. EXECUTION, ATTACHMENT, AND BILL OF REVIEW", "url": "/statutes/ES/1056.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1056.json", "summary": "Chapter 1056 sets the rules for how a court can enforce its orders in a guardianship case. It explains how to issue executions to sheriffs or constables, how to obtain a writ of attachment to freeze or seize estate assets, and how a person can file a bill of review to correct or revise a guardianship order or judgment.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I get a sheriff to enforce a court order in a guardianship case?", "What steps are required to have a writ of attachment issued to stop a guardian from moving estate property out of state?", "Can I file a bond when I request a writ of attachment in a guardianship proceeding?", "How long do I have to file a bill of review to challenge a guardianship order?", "What is the deadline for filing a bill of review if my disability has been removed?", "Can a court order in a guardianship case be corrected after it’s been issued?", "What is the proper format for an execution directed to a sheriff or constable in Texas?", "Is a writ of attachment still valid if it’s addressed to a specific county’s sheriff?", "What happens to a guardianship order while a bill of review is pending?", "Can an injunction be used to pause actions under a guardianship order that is under review?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardianship-execution", "estate-attachment", "bill-of-review", "court-order-correction", "sheriff-writ", "guardian-asset-protection" ], "synonyms": [ "execution of guardianship orders", "attachment writ for estate property", "bill of review in guardianship", "guardian estate enforcement", "court order revision in guardianship" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1057", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1057. CHANGE AND RESIGNATION OF RESIDENT AGENT OF GUARDIAN FOR SERVICE OF PROCESS", "url": "/statutes/ES/1057.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1057.json", "summary": "This chapter tells a guardian how to switch the person who receives legal papers for a guardianship case, and it explains how that person can quit. It requires filing specific statements with the court, and the change or resignation becomes official on the filing or court order date. The law also sets out notice and delivery rules to keep the guardian and other parties informed.", "questions_answered": [ "How can a guardian change the resident agent who receives service of process?", "What form do I need to file to designate a new resident agent for a guardianship?", "When does a newly designated resident agent take effect?", "How does a resident agent resign from their role in a guardianship case?", "What notice must a resident agent give before resigning?", "Do I need to send copies of the resignation to the guardian and other parties?", "Can a court refuse to accept a resident agent’s resignation?", "What happens if a guardian has no resident agent after a resignation?", "What is considered a qualified delivery method for sending the resignation notice?", "Do I have to inform the court when the resident agent resigns?", "Is there a deadline for filing a change of resident agent statement?", "Who is responsible for filing the designation of successor resident agent?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardianship", "resident-agent", "service-of-process", "agent-change", "agent-resignation", "court-filing" ], "synonyms": [ "change of guardian's resident agent", "successor resident agent designation", "guardian agent replacement", "resident agent resignation procedure", "service of process agent change" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1101", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1101. GENERAL PROCEDURE TO APPOINT GUARDIAN", "url": "/statutes/ES/1101.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1101.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how a Texas court starts a guardianship case, what must be included in the written application, and how the court conducts hearings. It sets out the evidence needed—especially medical and psychological reports—to prove incapacity, and describes the court's authority to issue full or limited guardianship orders. The rules also cover privacy protections for personal addresses, requirements for professional guardians, and how the court handles bonds and estate assets.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I start a guardianship proceeding in Texas?", "What details must I put in a guardianship application?", "Can a guardian be appointed without a personal appearance by the proposed ward?", "What medical or psychological evidence is required to prove incapacity?", "What is the difference between a full guardianship and a limited guardianship?", "Can age alone be used to decide whether an adult needs a guardian?", "How does the court protect the privacy of addresses in a guardianship filing?", "What happens if the proposed ward is found capable of managing their own affairs?", "Can a professional (private) guardian be appointed, and what qualifications are needed?", "What are the requirements for guardianship when an intellectual disability is involved?", "How are bonds and estate assets handled when a guardian is appointed?", "Is a jury trial available in a guardianship hearing?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardianship-application", "court-hearing", "capacity-evidence", "full-vs-limited-guardianship", "confidentiality", "medical-evaluation", "age-discrimination" ], "synonyms": [ "appointment of guardian", "guardianship proceeding", "guardian appointment process", "Texas guardianship law", "court-appointed guardian", "guardianship order" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1102", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1102. COURT-INITIATED PROCEDURE TO APPOINT GUARDIAN", "url": "/statutes/ES/1102.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1102.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas courts how to start a guardianship when they think someone may be unable to manage their own affairs. The court can order an investigator or a guardian ad litem to look into the person's condition, gather information, and decide if a guardian is needed. It also explains how the person can challenge the appointment, how the investigator is paid, and how the court must notify the person about any financial records it obtains.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a Texas court start a guardianship for someone who might be incapacitated?", "What is a guardian ad litem and what do they do?", "What information does the court need to investigate a possible guardian appointment?", "Can the person who is thought to be incapacitated ask the court to stop the investigation or appointment?", "What kind of medical or professional report is required to show probable cause?", "How does the court decide who pays the guardian ad litem’s fees?", "What notice must the court give the person if it requests bank records during the investigation?", "What is an information letter and who can submit one?", "What steps follow the investigation before a guardian is officially appointed?", "Can a family member’s statement be used as evidence in the guardianship process?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardianship", "court-investigation", "incapacitated-person", "guardian-ad-litem", "compensation", "notice", "information-letter" ], "synonyms": [ "court‑initiated guardianship", "involuntary guardianship process", "protective investigation for incapacitated adults", "guardian ad litem appointment procedure", "court‑ordered guardian investigation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1103", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1103. PROCEDURE TO APPOINT GUARDIAN FOR CERTAIN MINORS REQUIRING GUARDIANSHIPS AS ADULTS", "url": "/statutes/ES/1103.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1103.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas courts how to name a guardian for a minor who will need a guardian when they become an adult because of a disability. It sets the filing deadline (180 days before the 18th birthday), allows certain conservators to be appointed without a hearing, and says the guardianship only becomes active after the person turns 18. It also explains how an existing child guardianship is closed once the new adult guardianship is approved.", "questions_answered": [ "When can I file an application to appoint a guardian for my disabled child who will need one as an adult?", "Do I need a court hearing to become a guardian if I was already the child's conservator?", "Can a guardian be appointed before the person’s 18th birthday, and when does the guardianship actually take effect?", "What paperwork is required for a conservator to be appointed as guardian without a hearing?", "What happens to the current child guardianship when a new adult guardianship is filed?", "Can the same person serve as both guardian of the person and guardian of the estate?", "What are the requirements for the court to approve a guardian appointment for a minor who will be incapacitated as an adult?", "Is a bond or oath required for a guardian appointed before the ward turns 18?", "How does the court decide whether a guardian is needed for the proposed adult ward?", "What steps must be taken to close the prior guardianship after a new guardian is appointed?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardian-appointment", "incapacity", "minor-to-adult", "conservatorship", "court-procedure", "texas-estates" ], "synonyms": [ "adult guardianship procedure", "guardian appointment for disabled minors", "transition from child conservatorship to adult guardianship", "Texas Chapter 1103", "procedure to appoint guardian for minors requiring guardianship as adults" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1104", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1104. SELECTION OF AND ELIGIBILITY TO SERVE AS GUARDIAN", "url": "/statutes/ES/1104.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1104.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out how Texas courts choose who will serve as a guardian for minors and incapacitated adults, including the role of the ward's preferences, family relationships, and court‑determined best interests. It also details how people can name a guardian in a written declaration or will, the training and certification required for professional guardians, and the grounds that disqualify someone from serving. Finally, it outlines the process for background checks, filing requirements, and how alternate guardians are appointed if the first choice cannot serve.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a Texas court decide who should be appointed as guardian for my child?", "Can I name a guardian for my children in a will or other written document?", "What if my adult child becomes incapacitated—how is a guardian chosen for them?", "Do I have to be a certified professional guardian to serve as a guardian?", "What training is required before someone can be appointed as a guardian?", "What reasons would make a person ineligible to serve as a guardian?", "How does the court consider the preferences of the person who needs a guardian?", "What happens if the person I named as guardian refuses or is unable to serve?", "Can a spouse be appointed as guardian after a divorce?", "What are the requirements for filing a guardian declaration with the court?", "Do guardians have to undergo criminal background checks, and who pays for them?", "How are alternate guardians selected if the primary guardian cannot serve?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardian-selection", "eligibility", "declaration", "certification", "disqualification", "background-check", "minor-guardianship" ], "synonyms": [ "guardian appointment rules", "guardian eligibility statutes", "Texas guardian selection law", "guardianship appointment procedures", "guardian designation statutes", "guardian selection and eligibility chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1105", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1105. QUALIFICATION OF GUARDIANS", "url": "/statutes/ES/1105.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1105.json", "summary": "Chapter 1105 lays out the steps a person must take to qualify as a guardian in Texas, including taking an oath or making a declaration, posting a bond, and filing the bond with the court. It explains when a bond is required, how the amount is set, what alternatives like cash deposits are allowed, and what happens if the bond is not provided or needs to be changed. The chapter also details the role of sureties, exceptions for corporate fiduciaries, and procedures for replacing or adjusting bonds.", "questions_answered": [ "What oath or declaration must I give to become a guardian?", "Do I have to post a bond to be appointed as a guardian?", "When do I need to file the bond and oath after being named guardian?", "Are there any situations where a guardian is exempt from posting a bond?", "How is the amount of a guardian's bond determined?", "Can I use cash or securities instead of a surety bond?", "What are the requirements for sureties on a guardian's bond?", "What happens if I fail to give the bond by the deadline?", "How can a guardian request a reduction in the bond amount?", "What must be done if a surety dies, moves out of state, or becomes insolvent?", "Can a married guardian use a joint bond with their spouse?", "How is a new bond required and what are the steps to obtain it?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardian-qualification", "guardian-bond", "oath-declaration", "bond-amount", "surety-requirements", "bond-deposit-alternative", "bond-modification" ], "synonyms": [ "guardian qualification rules", "guardian bond requirements", "Texas guardianship bond", "guardian oath and declaration", "bond and deposit provisions", "guardian surety rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1106", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1106. LETTERS OF GUARDIANSHIP", "url": "/statutes/ES/1106.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1106.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you how the court creates, issues, and manages official letters that prove someone is a guardian. It sets the time they stay valid, how they can be renewed, how to get new copies if they are lost, and confirms that older letters are still valid in certain situations.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I obtain official letters that prove I am a guardian?", "When do letters of guardianship automatically expire?", "What must I do to renew my letters of guardianship?", "Can my letters be renewed if I haven’t filed my annual account or report?", "What happens if my letters of guardianship are lost or destroyed?", "Do the letters serve as proof of my authority as a guardian?", "Are letters of guardianship issued before 1993 still valid?", "Can a nonresident guardian use letters that were issued without the current procedures?", "Who is responsible for issuing and replacing letters of guardianship?", "What is the difference between the court order appointing a guardian and the letters of guardianship?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardianship-letters", "expiration", "renewal", "replacement", "validation", "court-certificates" ], "synonyms": [ "letters of guardianship", "guardian certificate", "guardian appointment document", "official guardian paperwork", "court-issued guardianship letters" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1151", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1151. RIGHTS, POWERS, AND DUTIES UNDER GUARDIANSHIP", "url": "/statutes/ES/1151.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1151.json", "summary": "Chapter 1151 explains what legal rights a person under guardianship still keeps and outlines the powers and responsibilities of a guardian over both the person's care and their estate. It tells guardians how to manage property, handle medical decisions, report changes to the court, and borrow money when needed. The chapter also lists the rights of wards, including visitation, privacy, and the ability to raise concerns. It sets procedures for court involvement, notice to relatives, and handling of disputes.", "questions_answered": [ "What legal rights does a person under guardianship still have?", "What duties does a guardian have for caring for the ward’s personal needs?", "What responsibilities does a guardian have for managing the ward’s estate and property?", "When must a guardian notify the court about changes in the ward’s residence or caretaker?", "Can a guardian borrow money or place a lien on the ward’s home, and how is that authorized?", "What authority does a guardian have to consent to medical or psychiatric treatment for the ward?", "How can a relative request visitation or communication with a ward, and what does the court consider?", "What notice must a guardian give to relatives about the ward’s health, death, or change of address?", "What happens if a guardian fails to use ordinary diligence in collecting the ward’s assets?", "Can a guardian sell, rent, or otherwise dispose of the ward’s property, and what approvals are needed?", "How are disputes over the ward’s property or estate resolved in court?", "What rights does a ward have to privacy, communication, and self‑determination while under guardianship?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardian-duties", "ward-rights", "estate-management", "medical-consent", "visitation-access", "court-notice", "borrowing-authority" ], "synonyms": [ "Guardianship powers and duties", "Ward's rights under guardianship", "Texas guardianship statutes", "Chapter 1151 guardianship provisions", "Guardian of person and estate rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1152", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1152. GUARDIANSHIP PENDING APPEAL OF APPOINTMENT", "url": "/statutes/ES/1152.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1152.json", "summary": "If someone challenges a court's decision to appoint a guardian, the appointed guardian keeps performing their duties and can continue any lawsuits that benefit the guardianship. Usually, no appeal bond is needed, except when the appeal directly involves the guardian themselves.", "questions_answered": [ "What does a guardian do while their appointment is being appealed?", "Can a guardian keep handling a case while I appeal their appointment?", "Do I have to post a bond if I appeal a guardian's appointment?", "When is an appeal bond required for a guardianship appeal?", "Will the guardian’s powers stop during the appeal process?", "Can the guardian still manage the ward’s affairs while the appointment is under appeal?", "What happens to ongoing lawsuits if I appeal the guardian’s appointment?", "Is there any special procedure for appealing a guardian appointment in Texas?", "Does the appeal automatically suspend the guardian’s authority?", "What are the requirements for an appeal bond in a guardianship case?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardianship", "appeal", "appeal-bond", "appointment", "texas-estates" ], "synonyms": [ "guardian appointment appeal", "appeal of guardianship appointment", "guardian pending appeal", "appeal bond for guardianship", "guardianship appeal procedures" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1153", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1153. NOTICE TO CLAIMANTS", "url": "/statutes/ES/1153.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1153.json", "summary": "When a court appoints a guardian to manage a person's estate, the guardian must inform anyone who might have a claim against that estate. The law tells the guardian how to publish the notice, what details to include, how to notify secured and unsecured creditors, and what paperwork must be filed. It also explains that the guardian (and their bond sureties) can be held responsible if the required notices are not given.", "questions_answered": [ "When must a guardian publish a notice after receiving letters of guardianship?", "What information has to be included in the notice to people who might have a claim against the estate?", "How does a guardian notify creditors who hold a mortgage or lien on the estate’s property?", "Can a guardian send the notice by mail, and what delivery methods are considered qualified?", "Do I need to file proof that the notice was published, and where should it be filed?", "What deadline do unsecured creditors have to present their claims after receiving a notice?", "If another guardian already sent a notice, do I still have to send one myself?", "What happens if I fail to give the required notice—can I be held liable?", "Do I have to inform the comptroller about tax-related claims in the notice?", "What should I do if there is no newspaper of general circulation in the county?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardianship-notice", "estate-claims", "notice-publication", "creditor-notification", "liability-failure", "court-filing" ], "synonyms": [ "Notice to claimants", "Guardian's notice requirements", "Estate claim notification rules", "Guardianship claim notice", "Notification of estate creditors" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1154", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1154. INVENTORY, APPRAISEMENT, AND LIST OF CLAIMS", "url": "/statutes/ES/1154.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1154.json", "summary": "When a court appoints a guardian for someone's estate, the guardian must create a detailed list of all the property and debts, have the property valued, and file this inventory, appraisal, and list of claims with the court. The court reviews and approves the filing, can require corrections or additional appraisals, and may remove guardians who fail to comply. Appraisers are appointed by the court, paid from the estate, and can be replaced if they refuse or perform poorly. The approved documents serve as evidence in any later court proceedings.", "questions_answered": [ "When does a guardian have to file an inventory and appraisal of the estate?", "How many appraisers can the court appoint and who can serve as an appraiser?", "Who pays the fees for the court‑appointed appraisers?", "What happens if an appointed appraiser refuses to work or does not perform?", "What must be included in the inventory and how are separate and community property distinguished?", "How does a guardian list the debts or claims owed to the ward?", "What can the court do if it does not approve the inventory, appraisal, or list of claims?", "Can a guardian be removed for failing to file the required documents on time?", "How are newly discovered assets or claims added after the initial filing?", "What is the process for correcting an error or unjust item in the inventory or appraisal?", "Can the inventory and appraisal be used as evidence in other lawsuits?", "Is a reappraisal allowed and how many times can it be done?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardianship", "estate-inventory", "property-appraisal", "list-of-claims", "court-approval", "appraiser-fees", "supplemental-inventory" ], "synonyms": [ "guardian estate inventory requirements", "inventory and appraisal filing", "estate property valuation process", "list of claims filing for guardianship", "court‑approved estate inventory", "appraiser appointment and fees" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1155", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1155. COMPENSATION, EXPENSES, AND COURT COSTS", "url": "/statutes/ES/1155.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1155.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for paying guardians and covering their expenses in Texas. It limits how much a guardian can be compensated, outlines how costs and attorney fees are handled, and includes special provisions for wards who receive medical assistance. The court can adjust fees, order quarterly payments, and require reimbursement of reasonable expenses from the guardianship estate or other sources.", "questions_answered": [ "How much can a guardian of a person be paid in Texas?", "What is the maximum total fee a guardian of both the person and the estate can receive?", "Can a guardian receive quarterly payments instead of waiting for an annual accounting?", "Who pays the court costs in a guardianship proceeding?", "Can an attorney who also serves as a guardian be paid for both legal and guardianship services?", "What expenses can a guardian be reimbursed for while managing an estate?", "What happens to a guardian’s compensation if they are removed for cause?", "How are guardian fees limited for wards who receive Medicaid or other medical assistance?", "Can the county treasury cover guardian fees when the estate lacks sufficient funds?", "What are the rules for paying attorney’s fees in a guardianship case?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardian-compensation", "court-costs", "expense-reimbursement", "attorney-fees", "medical-assistance", "low-income-guardianship" ], "synonyms": [ "Guardian compensation rules", "Guardian fees and expenses", "Compensation for guardians of persons and estates", "Court costs in guardianship cases", "Medical assistance guardian payment provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1156", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1156. EDUCATION AND MAINTENANCE ALLOWANCES PAID FROM WARD'S ESTATE", "url": "/statutes/ES/1156.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1156.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how a guardian can ask the court for a monthly payment from a ward's estate to cover the ward's education, living expenses, and property upkeep, and how the court decides the amount and monitors the spending. It also sets limits on parents who serve as guardians, prohibiting them from using estate funds for the child's support unless the court grants permission, and allows the court to order estate funds for the ward’s spouse or children under certain circumstances.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a guardian apply for a monthly allowance from a ward's estate?", "What factors does the court consider when deciding the amount of a ward's allowance?", "What must a court order include when setting a monthly allowance for a ward?", "What happens if a guardian spends more than the approved allowance?", "Can a parent who is also the guardian use the ward's estate money for the child's support?", "When can a court allow a parent‑guardian to use estate funds for the child's education or maintenance?", "Can the estate be used to support the ward’s spouse, minor children, or incapacitated adult children?", "What information does the court look at before ordering estate funds for a ward’s family members?", "How must notice be given to interested parties when someone applies for an allowance for a ward’s family?", "What are the reporting requirements for a guardian who receives an allowance from the estate?" ], "issue_tags": [ "education-allowance", "maintenance-allowance", "guardian-estate", "court-approval", "ward-support", "parent-guardian-restrictions", "family-fund-authorizations" ], "synonyms": [ "Ward estate allowance rules", "Education and maintenance allowances for wards", "Guardian spending from minor's estate", "Court orders for ward support funds", "Prohibited parent use of ward estate" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1157", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1157. PRESENTMENT AND PAYMENT OF CLAIMS", "url": "/statutes/ES/1157.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1157.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you how to file a claim against a guardian’s estate, how the guardian must respond, and how the court reviews and decides the claim. It sets deadlines for the guardian’s answer, requires affidavits, explains how attorney fees can be added, and outlines the order in which approved claims are paid. It also covers special rules for secured claims, what to do if evidence is lost, and how to appeal a decision.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I present a claim against a guardian’s estate?", "What deadline does a guardian have to approve or reject my claim?", "Can I include my attorney’s fees in the claim I file?", "What happens if the guardian does nothing within the 30‑day period?", "Do I need an affidavit to support my claim, and what must it say?", "How can I contest a claim that the guardian has allowed or rejected?", "When can I appeal a court’s decision on my claim?", "In what order will the court pay approved claims against the estate?", "How are secured claims or liens handled differently from unsecured claims?", "Can a guardian pay a claim that has not been authenticated?", "What should I do if the documents supporting my claim are lost or destroyed?", "Is a guardian allowed to buy a claim against the estate they manage?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardianship-claims", "claim-presentment", "claim-payment", "claim-appeal", "secured-claims", "affidavit-requirements", "payment-priority" ], "synonyms": [ "Presentment and payment of claims", "Guardianship estate claim procedures", "Claims against a guardian’s estate", "Estate claim filing rules", "Guardianship claim process" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1158", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1158. SALE OR PARTITION OF WARD'S PROPERTY", "url": "/statutes/ES/1158.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1158.json", "summary": "Chapter 1158 sets the rules for how a guardian may sell or divide property that belongs to a ward. It requires a court order for most sales, outlines procedures for personal items, real estate, livestock, mortgaged assets, and credit sales, and details notice, auction, bond, and reporting requirements. The chapter also limits a guardian’s ability to purchase estate property and provides a process for partitioning shared real estate interests.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a court order to sell a house or land that belongs to a ward?", "Can a guardian sell perishable personal property without a court order?", "What steps must a guardian follow to sell livestock from a ward’s estate?", "How is a public auction of a ward’s real property conducted and what notice is required?", "Can a creditor force the sale of mortgaged property in a guardianship?", "What are the requirements for selling estate property on credit?", "Is a guardian allowed to buy property that was sold from the ward’s estate?", "How does a partition of a ward’s shared real estate work and what court approval is needed?", "What happens if a guardian fails to apply for a sale to pay the ward’s debts?", "What bond requirements apply when a ward’s real estate is sold?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardianship-sale", "ward-property", "court-approval", "real-estate-auction", "livestock-sale", "partition", "credit-sale", "bond-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "sale of ward's property", "ward estate liquidation", "guardian property disposition", "court‑ordered sale of ward assets", "partition of ward's interest" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1159", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1159. RENTING ESTATE PROPERTY", "url": "/statutes/ES/1159.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1159.json", "summary": "This chapter tells a guardian how they can rent out property that belongs to an estate, either with a court order or on their own for up to a year. It sets rules for rentals on credit, requires the property to be returned in good condition, and obligates the guardian to report the rental to the court. The court reviews the reports, can approve or reject the rental, and holds the guardian and their bond liable if the rental isn’t in the estate’s best interest.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a guardian rent estate property without getting a court order first?", "How long can a guardian rent estate property without court approval?", "What must a guardian do to rent estate property for a year or more?", "What are the requirements for renting estate property on credit?", "What happens if the rented property is damaged or not returned in good condition?", "What reports does a guardian have to file after renting estate property worth $3,000 or more?", "How does the court review and approve a guardian’s rental report?", "What can an interested person do if a guardian isn’t renting estate property that should be rented?", "What liability does a guardian face if the rental price is too low or the property is lost?", "Can the court order a public auction for renting estate property, and what notice is required?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardian-rental", "estate-property", "court-approval", "rental-reporting", "property-return", "credit-rental", "guardian-liability" ], "synonyms": [ "Renting estate property", "Estate property rental", "Guardian rental authority", "Estate rental procedures", "Rental of estate assets" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1160", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1160. MATTERS RELATING TO MINERAL PROPERTIES", "url": "/statutes/ES/1160.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1160.json", "summary": "This chapter tells a court how a guardian can lease mineral rights owned by an estate, including the steps for filing an application, giving public notice, holding a hearing, and getting court approval. It also sets rules for bond requirements, lease terms, extensions, private sales, pooling or unitizing mineral interests, and what to do if a guardian fails to act.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a guardian apply to lease mineral property of an estate?", "What information must be included in a mineral lease application?", "When and how must notice of a lease hearing be given to interested parties?", "What are the court’s requirements for approving a mineral lease?", "What bond requirements apply to a mineral lease and how are they satisfied?", "How long can a mineral lease’s primary term be and how can it be extended?", "Can a mineral lease be made without public notice or advertising?", "What is the process for pooling or unitizing mineral interests owned by an estate?", "What happens if a guardian does not apply for authority to lease estate minerals?", "Can a guardian execute certain lease-related instruments without a new court order?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mineral-leases", "guardianship-procedures", "bond-requirements", "lease-notice", "pooling-unitization", "private-sale" ], "synonyms": [ "Estate mineral leasing rules", "Guardian mineral lease process", "Texas mineral lease procedures", "Estate mineral property administration", "Mineral lease and pooling guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1161", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1161. INVESTMENTS AND LOANS OF ESTATES OF WARDS", "url": "/statutes/ES/1161.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1161.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas guardians how to handle the money and property of a ward. It sets a care standard, lists the types of bonds, accounts, insurance and real estate they may buy, and explains when they need court approval. It also covers how guardians can loan estate funds, the reporting required, and the liability they face if they don’t follow the rules.", "questions_answered": [ "What kinds of investments are a guardian allowed to make with a ward’s estate?", "When can a guardian keep cash instead of investing it for the ward?", "Do I need a court order to invest in life insurance or annuities for a ward?", "What are the rules for a guardian to loan money from a ward’s estate?", "How does a court approve a guardian’s investment plan or real‑estate purchase?", "What bond‑debt limits apply to investments in county or municipal bonds?", "Can a guardian keep a newly received asset for a year without diversifying it?", "What happens if a guardian fails to invest the estate as required?", "How is liability determined for a guardian who makes a bad investment or loan?", "What reports must a guardian file after making a loan from the estate?", "Can a court modify or eliminate a guardian’s duty to keep the estate invested?", "What are the requirements for a guardian to invest in an ABLE account or FDIC‑insured shares?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardian-investments", "ward-estate-management", "court-approval", "investment-standards", "loan-authority", "liability", "insurance-investments", "real-estate-investments" ], "synonyms": [ "Investments and Loans of Estates of Wards", "Ward estate investment rules", "Guardian investment duties", "Texas guardian investment statutes", "Estate of ward investment chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1162", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1162. TAX-MOTIVATED, CHARITABLE, NONPROFIT, AND OTHER GIFTS", "url": "/statutes/ES/1162.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1162.json", "summary": "This chapter gives a court the power to let a guardian use a ward’s estate money for tax‑saving plans, charitable donations, and other gifts when the ward is permanently incapacitated. It sets out how a guardian must apply, give notice, and get a hearing before making these transfers, and it allows periodic gifts and court‑ordered inspections of wills or trusts. The court can also modify or stop the gifts if the ward’s situation changes.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a guardian use a ward’s assets to lower estate or income taxes?", "How does a guardian get court approval to give money to a charity from a ward’s estate?", "What notice must be sent before a guardian proposes a transfer or gift plan?", "Can a guardian make regular (annual) gifts without filing a new court order each time?", "How can a guardian request to see a ward’s will or trust for planning purposes?", "Who must be notified when a guardian applies for an estate‑transfer plan?", "What limits apply to charitable contributions from a ward’s income?", "Is a guardian allowed to give gifts to the ward’s spouse, children, or other relatives?", "What can the court do if a guardian’s gift plan is no longer in the ward’s best interest?", "When and how does the court appoint a guardian ad litem in these proceedings?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardianship", "estate-transfers", "charitable-gifts", "tax-planning", "court-procedures", "notice-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "tax‑motivated gifts", "charitable and nonprofit gifts", "guardian estate planning authority", "ward estate transfer provisions", "gift authorization for incapacitated persons" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1163", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1163. ANNUAL ACCOUNT AND OTHER EXHIBITS AND REPORTS", "url": "/statutes/ES/1163.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1163.json", "summary": "This chapter tells guardians of an estate or a person how to prepare and file yearly accounts and reports that detail all assets, income, expenses, and claims. It sets deadlines, required supporting documents, and the court’s process for approving, correcting, or rejecting the filings. It also explains how the court orders payment of claims and what penalties apply if a guardian fails to file as required.", "questions_answered": [ "When does a guardian have to file the first annual account for an estate?", "What items must be listed in the guardian’s annual estate account?", "What supporting documents does a guardian need to attach to the annual account?", "How often must a guardian of a person submit an annual report and what information must it contain?", "Can a guardian be exempt from filing an annual account if the estate has only minimal income?", "What happens if the court finds the annual account or report to be incorrect?", "How does the court decide whether to pay all claims in full or only a portion after approving an account?", "What penalties can a court impose if a guardian fails to file the required account or report?", "Can a guardian use an unsworn declaration instead of a sworn affidavit for the annual report?", "Who can request that a guardian correct and re‑file an annual account?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardianship", "annual-account", "estate-reporting", "claim-payment", "filing-deadlines", "penalties", "unsworn-declaration" ], "synonyms": [ "annual estate accounting", "guardian's yearly report", "estate inventory filing", "annual guardian report", "annual account and exhibits", "annual report for guardians of persons" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1164", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1164. LIABILITY OF GUARDIAN OR GUARDIANSHIP PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/ES/1164.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1164.json", "summary": "This chapter says that a person who is appointed as a guardian is not automatically responsible for claims made by others. It also protects a state-run guardianship program from civil lawsuits unless the program’s actions are willfully wrongful, reckless, in bad faith, malicious, or grossly negligent. In short, liability is limited unless serious misconduct is shown.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a guardian be sued just because they are the legal guardian?", "When can a guardian be held personally liable for a ward's injury?", "Does a state guardianship program have to pay damages if something goes wrong?", "What kinds of misconduct make a guardianship program liable for civil damages?", "Is a guardian protected from third‑party lawsuits if they act in good faith?", "Can a ward or their family sue a guardianship program for negligence?", "What does \"grossly negligent\" mean in the context of a guardianship program?", "Are there any circumstances where a guardian can be held financially responsible?", "Does the law require a guardianship program to have insurance for liability?", "How does Texas law define \"wilfully wrongful\" conduct by a guardian or program?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardian-liability", "guardianship-immunity", "civil-damages", "negligence", "state-program-protection", "malpractice" ], "synonyms": [ "guardian liability protection", "guardianship program immunity", "Texas guardian liability rules", "guardian and program liability limits", "guardian civil liability statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1201", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1201. EVALUATION OF GUARDIANSHIP", "url": "/statutes/ES/1201.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1201.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas courts how to check guardianships each year to see if the guardian is doing their job, if the bond protecting the ward’s assets is enough, and whether the ward’s well‑being is being maintained. It outlines the reports, hearings, and written decisions that can lead to continuing, changing, or ending a guardianship.", "questions_answered": [ "How often must a court review a guardianship?", "What factors does a judge consider to determine if a guardian is performing their duties?", "What happens if a guardian’s bond is found to be insufficient?", "Can a guardianship be modified or terminated based on the annual review?", "Will there be a hearing when the court decides whether to continue a guardianship?", "What types of reports does the court use to evaluate a guardianship?", "How does a ward’s own statement influence the guardianship review?", "Are there special rules for guardianships created only to receive government funds?", "What written form must the court’s determination take?", "What liability does a judge have if they neglect the guardianship review?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardianship-review", "annual-examination", "bond-sufficiency", "ward-wellbeing", "court-report", "guardianship-modification", "judge-liability" ], "synonyms": [ "evaluation of guardianship", "guardianship review process", "annual guardianship assessment", "guardian performance review", "guardianship oversight", "court guardianship evaluation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1202", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1202. MODIFICATION OR TERMINATION OF GUARDIANSHIP", "url": "/statutes/ES/1202.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1202.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out when a guardianship ends and how a court can change or end a guardian’s authority. It explains the situations that allow a ward to be declared capable, the paperwork and medical evidence required, and the steps for modifying or terminating the guardianship. It also covers the appointment and payment of attorneys or guardians ad litem and special orders such as restoring firearm rights.", "questions_answered": [ "When does a guardianship automatically end?", "How can a ward ask the court to end their guardianship?", "What must be shown to prove a ward is capable of managing their own affairs?", "Can a guardian’s powers be reduced or expanded, and how?", "Do I need a doctor’s letter to change a guardianship?", "How does placing a ward’s assets in an ABLE account affect the guardianship?", "What is the process for appointing an attorney ad litem for a guardianship case?", "Can a person whose guardianship is terminated regain the right to buy a firearm?", "How often can someone reapply to modify a guardianship after a hearing?", "What happens to the guardian’s letters and the ward’s property when the guardianship is closed?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardianship-termination", "capacity-restoration", "court-application", "attorney-ad-litem", "ABLE-account", "firearm-rights" ], "synonyms": [ "termination of guardianship", "modification of guardianship", "restoring ward capacity", "ending a guardianship", "changing guardian powers", "guardianship closure" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1203", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1203. RESIGNATION, REMOVAL, OR DEATH OF GUARDIAN; APPOINTMENT OF SUCCESSOR", "url": "/statutes/ES/1203.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1203.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rules for when a guardian of a person or estate steps down, is removed, or dies, and explains how a new guardian is chosen. It describes the paperwork, court hearings, notices, and accounting that must be completed before a resignation is accepted or a successor takes over. The chapter also covers how a removed guardian can ask to be reinstated and what duties the new guardian inherits.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a guardian formally resign and what paperwork is required?", "What steps does the court take to approve a guardian’s resignation?", "When can a court remove a guardian without giving notice?", "What notice and hearing are required to remove a guardian with notice?", "How is a successor guardian appointed after a resignation, removal, or death?", "Can a guardian who was removed be reinstated, and how?", "What must a resigning guardian do with the ward’s property and estate assets?", "What duties and powers does a successor guardian have?", "How does the law handle a guardian named in a will who becomes an adult later?", "What happens to the estate if the guardian dies before a successor is appointed?", "How are payments to a ward handled when there is no guardian in place?", "What are the requirements for revoking letters of guardianship?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardian-resignation", "guardian-removal", "successor-guardian", "estate-accounting", "court-hearing", "guardian-reinstatement", "ward-protection" ], "synonyms": [ "guardian resignation and removal", "termination of guardianship", "successor guardian appointment", "guardian death succession", "guardian removal procedures", "guardian reinstatement process" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1204", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1204. FINAL SETTLEMENT, ACCOUNTING, AND DISCHARGE", "url": "/statutes/ES/1204.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1204.json", "summary": "This chapter explains when and how a guardianship of a person's estate is ended, what the guardian must do to close the case, and how the court reviews the final accounting. It covers the steps for notifying interested parties, handling debts, taxes, and property, and sets out penalties if the guardian fails to deliver assets or file the required reports.", "questions_answered": [ "When does a guardianship of an estate have to be closed?", "What events cause a guardianship to end, such as the ward reaching adulthood or the estate being exhausted?", "How does a guardian prepare and submit a final accounting for the estate?", "What information must be included in the final account and supporting vouchers?", "When is an attorney ad litem appointed to represent the ward in the final settlement?", "Can funeral expenses and other debts be paid from the ward’s estate before the guardianship is closed?", "How are inheritance taxes and other estate taxes handled during the final settlement?", "What notice must be given to the ward, heirs, or other interested parties before the court reviews the final account?", "What happens if the guardian does not deliver property or money owed to the rightful owner?", "What penalties apply if a guardian fails to file the final account or neglects to turn over estate assets?", "Can a small cash estate be terminated without a formal accounting, and how is it handled?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardianship-termination", "final-accounting", "estate-discharge", "notice-requirements", "attorney-ad-litem", "tax-payment", "property-delivery" ], "synonyms": [ "final settlement of guardianship", "guardianship closure procedures", "estate accounting for guardianship", "guardianship discharge rules", "closing a guardianship estate" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1251", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1251. TEMPORARY GUARDIANSHIPS", "url": "/statutes/ES/1251.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1251.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how Texas courts can appoint a temporary guardian when there is evidence someone may be incapacitated and needs immediate protection. It details the application, hearing, and notice requirements, the limited powers and duties of the temporary guardian, and how the guardianship ends. The chapter also sets limits on how long a temporary guardianship can last and what the guardian must do at termination.", "questions_answered": [ "When can a court appoint a temporary guardian?", "What proof is needed to show someone might be incapacitated?", "How do I file an application for a temporary guardian?", "What information must be included in the application?", "What rights does the person who may become a ward have at the hearing?", "How soon must a hearing be held after the application is filed?", "Can the proposed ward or their lawyer ask the court to dismiss the temporary guardianship request?", "What powers and duties can a temporary guardian have?", "How long can a temporary guardianship last?", "What must the temporary guardian do when the guardianship ends?", "Will the court require a bond or assess costs for the temporary guardian?", "Can a government agency be appointed as a temporary guardian?" ], "issue_tags": [ "temporary-guardianship", "incapacitated-person", "court-procedure", "guardian-hearing", "guardian-bond", "guardianship-duration" ], "synonyms": [ "temporary guardianship", "interim guardianship", "emergency guardianship", "provisional guardianship", "short-term guardianship" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1252", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1252. GUARDIANSHIPS FOR NONRESIDENT WARDS", "url": "/statutes/ES/1252.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1252.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how Texas courts can appoint guardians to manage the property of people who are incapacitated, live outside Texas, but own assets in the state. It covers the process for both resident and nonresident guardians, the required documentation, how the estate must be inventoried and administered, and when a resident guardian must transfer or close the estate.", "questions_answered": [ "Can someone who lives outside Texas be named as guardian of a Texas estate?", "What court has authority to appoint a guardian for a nonresident's property in Texas?", "What paperwork is needed to qualify a nonresident guardian in Texas?", "Do I need to give notice before a nonresident guardian is appointed?", "How does a nonresident guardian take inventory of the estate?", "When must a resident guardian hand over the estate to a nonresident guardian?", "Can a nonresident guardian move the ward’s personal property out of Texas?", "What happens to a resident guardianship if a qualified nonresident guardian is later appointed?", "Do nonresident guardians have to follow the same rules as resident guardians for managing the estate?", "How are letters of guardianship issued to a nonresident guardian?" ], "issue_tags": [ "guardian-appointment", "nonresident-ward", "estate-administration", "cross-border-fiduciary", "texas-court-procedure" ], "synonyms": [ "nonresident ward guardianship", "out-of-state guardian of Texas estate", "foreign guardian appointment", "cross-jurisdictional guardianship", "nonresident fiduciary for Texas property" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1253", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1253. INTERSTATE GUARDIANSHIPS", "url": "/statutes/ES/1253.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1253.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how Texas courts can move a guardianship case to another state when the protected person permanently relocates, and how courts can accept a guardianship that was started in another state. It sets out notice rules, hearing requirements, and the standard that the transfer must be in the best interests of the ward. The chapter also handles situations where the same case is filed in multiple courts and provides guidance for courts that acquired jurisdiction through improper conduct.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I transfer a guardianship to another state when the ward moves permanently?", "What notice must be given to the ward and the foreign court before transferring a guardianship?", "When will a Texas court hold a hearing to decide if a guardianship should be transferred out of state?", "What factors does the court consider to determine if a transfer is in the best interests of the ward?", "How can a guardian from another state apply to have a Texas court accept their foreign guardianship?", "What documents must a foreign guardian submit to a Texas court to have the guardianship transferred here?", "What happens if the same guardianship case is filed in more than one Texas court?", "Can a Texas court decline jurisdiction if it believes it was obtained through improper conduct?", "What remedies can a Texas court order if it finds it acquired jurisdiction unjustly?", "Can the court charge the party that caused unjustifiable conduct for fees and expenses?", "How does a court decide whether to keep a guardianship proceeding in Texas or move it to another state?", "What modifications can a Texas court make to a foreign guardianship order after accepting it?" ], "issue_tags": [ "interstate-guardianship", "jurisdiction-transfer", "ward-best-interests", "notice-requirements", "duplicate-filing", "jurisdiction-abuse", "foreign-guardianship-acceptance" ], "synonyms": [ "interstate guardianship transfers", "cross‑state guardianship", "out‑of‑state guardianship proceedings", "foreign guardianship acceptance", "transfer of guardianship jurisdiction" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1301", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1301. MANAGEMENT TRUSTS", "url": "/statutes/ES/1301.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1301.json", "summary": "Chapter 1301 lets Texas courts set up and run management trusts for people who are wards, incapacitated, or have only a physical disability. The court can appoint a trustee, set required terms, require regular accounting, and decide when the trust ends or can be changed. It also outlines how trustees are chosen, bonded, and compensated, and how assets may be moved to pooled trusts.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is allowed to apply for a management trust for a ward or incapacitated person?", "What is a management trust and when is it used?", "How does a court decide whether to create a management trust instead of appointing a guardian?", "What must be included in the court order that creates a management trust?", "Who can serve as trustee of a management trust and when can a non‑financial institution be appointed?", "Do trustees have to post a bond and how is the bond amount determined?", "What are the required terms that every management trust must contain?", "How often must a trustee file accounting reports and who reviews them?", "When does a management trust terminate for a minor, an incapacitated adult, or a person with a physical disability?", "Can a management trust be modified or revoked, and who has the authority to do so?", "What happens if a trustee resigns or becomes ineligible?", "Can assets from a management trust be transferred to a pooled trust subaccount?" ], "issue_tags": [ "management-trusts", "incapacitated-person", "guardianship", "trustee-appointment", "trust-accounting", "trust-termination" ], "synonyms": [ "court‑authorized management trust", "court‑created trust for wards", "management trust under Texas Estates Code", "trust for incapacitated persons", "trust for physically disabled persons" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1302", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1302. POOLED TRUST SUBACCOUNTS", "url": "/statutes/ES/1302.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1302.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a Texas court set up a separate subaccount inside a pooled trust for a minor, incapacitated, or disabled person to hold their assets and keep them eligible for medical assistance. It explains who can request the account, how a court‑appointed attorney protects the beneficiary’s interests, the rules for creating, running, and ending the subaccount, fee handling, reporting, and that the court retains exclusive control over any later disputes.", "questions_answered": [ "Who can apply to a court to create a pooled‑trust subaccount for a disabled or incapacitated person?", "What is a pooled‑trust subaccount and why is it used?", "When does a subaccount automatically end?", "What happens to the money in a subaccount when the beneficiary turns 18 or dies?", "Can a court order fees to be taken from the subaccount?", "Do I need an attorney ad litem for a subaccount case and who pays their fees?", "Which court has authority over disputes about a subaccount?", "Can a guardian apply for a subaccount on behalf of a minor?", "What must the pooled‑trust manager do in terms of reporting to the court?", "How are remaining funds distributed if the beneficiary is still alive but incapacitated at termination?", "Can a disabled adult apply for their own subaccount without a guardian?", "Are the assets in a subaccount kept separate from the beneficiary’s other property?" ], "issue_tags": [ "pooled-trust", "subaccount", "guardianship", "medical-assistance-eligibility", "court-procedure", "fiduciary-fees", "asset-protection" ], "synonyms": [ "pooled trust subaccount", "court‑ordered subaccount", "beneficiary subaccount", "special needs trust account", "Texas pooled trust account" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1351", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1351. SALE OF PROPERTY OF CERTAIN INCAPACITATED PERSONS", "url": "/statutes/ES/1351.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1351.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a parent, conservator, or a court‑appointed attorney sell a minor's or ward's share of real or personal property worth up to $250,000 without having to become the guardian of the estate. The party must file a sworn application, attend a court hearing, and prove the sale is in the minor’s or ward’s best interest. Sale proceeds are deposited with the court and can be withdrawn later, and the minor or ward cannot later cancel the sale.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sell my child's (or a ward's) property without being appointed a guardian of the estate?", "What is the maximum value of a minor's or ward's property that can be sold under this process?", "How do I apply to the court to sell a minor's interest in real estate or personal property?", "What information must be included in the court application for the sale?", "Do I need a court hearing or appraisal before the sale can go forward?", "Where does the money from the sale go and how can it be accessed later?", "Can the minor or ward change their mind and undo the sale after the court order?", "What happens if there is no parent or conservator willing to file the application?", "Can a guardian appointed by a foreign court sell a ward's property in Texas?", "Is a citation required for the hearing, and how is venue determined?" ], "issue_tags": [ "minor-property-sale", "ward-property-sale", "court-application", "guardian-ad-litem", "sale-proceeds", "appraisal-requirement" ], "synonyms": [ "sale of minor's interest", "sale of ward's interest", "court‑ordered sale of incapacitated person's property", "sale without guardian of estate", "minor property liquidation", "ward estate sale" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1352", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1352. MORTGAGE OF MINOR'S INTEREST IN RESIDENCE HOMESTEAD", "url": "/statutes/ES/1352.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1352.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a parent, managing conservator, or guardian of a minor take out a home‑equity loan that is secured by the minor’s share of a residence homestead, without becoming the minor’s estate guardian, as long as the loan does not exceed $250,000. The court must approve the loan after a hearing, a surety bond must be posted, and the adult must use the proceeds only for approved purposes and report on the loan each year. The minor cannot later cancel the loan.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I get a home equity loan using my child's interest in our house?", "Do I need to become a guardian of my child's estate to mortgage their share of the homestead?", "What is the maximum value of a minor's interest that can be used for a home equity loan?", "What can the loan money be used for when it’s taken against a minor’s homestead interest?", "What forms and information must I submit to the court to get approval?", "Do I have to post a surety bond before the court will hear my application?", "How often must I file reports about how the loan proceeds were spent?", "Can the minor later disaffirm or cancel the home equity loan?", "What is the process if the minor is a ward with a guardian of the person but no estate guardian?", "Where is the appropriate venue for filing the application?", "What happens if the loan is not repaid on time?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mortgage-minor-interest", "home-equity-loan", "guardian-of-person", "surety-bond", "homestead", "minor-ward" ], "synonyms": [ "mortgage of a child's homestead interest", "home equity loan for minor's share", "minor's residence homestead lien", "parental home equity loan without estate guardianship", "guardian of person mortgage minor's interest" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1353", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1353. MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF INCAPACITATED SPOUSE'S PROPERTY", "url": "/statutes/ES/1353.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1353.json", "summary": "This chapter explains who can run the community assets when one spouse is declared mentally incapacitated, usually giving the healthy spouse full control as a community administrator. It also outlines how a guardian may be appointed to handle the incapacitated spouse's separate property, sets duties like inventories and accounting, and provides rules for removing or replacing an administrator.", "questions_answered": [ "What happens to our joint property if my spouse is declared mentally incompetent?", "Can I automatically become the manager of all community assets when my partner is incapacitated?", "Do I need a court order to handle my spouse's separate property after they become incapacitated?", "What if I am not suitable to serve as community administrator—can a guardian be appointed instead?", "What inventory or accounting reports must I file as a community administrator?", "Can a court remove me as community administrator, and under what circumstances?", "How are creditors' claims affected when a court orders a guardian to manage community property?", "Do I have to give part of the community estate to a guardian if I’m removed as administrator?", "What is the role of an attorney ad litem for an incapacitated spouse?", "When does the special authority of a community administrator end?" ], "issue_tags": [ "incapacitated-spouse", "community-property", "guardian-appointment", "estate-management", "spouse-rights", "removal-procedure" ], "synonyms": [ "incapacitated spouse property management", "community administrator rules", "guardian of estate for disabled spouse", "spousal incapacity estate control", "Texas Estates Code Chapter 1353" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1354", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1354. RECEIVERSHIP FOR ESTATES OF CERTAIN INCAPACITATED PERSONS", "url": "/statutes/ES/1354.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1354.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a probate judge appoint a court‑appointed receiver to take control of an incapacitated person's estate when a guardian is unavailable or not needed. It sets out the receiver's bond requirement, powers, duties, and how they may spend or invest estate assets. The chapter also details reporting, compensation, and the process for ending the receivership and returning the estate.", "questions_answered": [ "When can a judge appoint a receiver instead of a guardian for an incapacitated person's estate?", "What qualifications must a receiver have and does the receiver need to post a bond?", "What powers and duties does a receiver have over a threatened estate?", "Can a receiver use estate money for the incapacitated person's education, clothing, or subsistence?", "Is a receiver allowed to invest excess estate funds, and how must those investments be handled?", "How does a receiver get paid for their services?", "What reports and accounts must a receiver file with the court during the receivership?", "How is a receivership closed and the estate returned to the appropriate person?", "What happens if the judge is not satisfied that the danger to the estate has been removed?", "Who receives notice when a receiver files a final account and how is that notice given?", "Can a receiver be appointed without anyone filing an application?", "Where are the orders, bonds, and reports for a receivership recorded?" ], "issue_tags": [ "incapacitated-estate", "receivership", "guardian-alternative", "estate-protection", "court-appointment", "bond-requirement" ], "synonyms": [ "estate receivership for incapacitated persons", "court‑appointed receiver", "receivership instead of guardianship", "protective estate management", "receiver appointment" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1355", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1355. PAYMENT OF CERTAIN CLAIMS WITHOUT GUARDIANSHIP", "url": "/statutes/ES/1355.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1355.json", "summary": "This chapter provides a way for people who are incapacitated, minors, former wards, or residents of charitable institutions to receive money they are owed without needing a court-appointed guardian. It tells debtors how to pay the money to the county clerk, how the clerk must invest and report the funds, who can act as a custodian and what bond is required, and how the money can later be withdrawn by the creditor, heirs, or a guardian.", "questions_answered": [ "How can a debtor pay a disabled person or former ward who has no guardian?", "What information must a debtor give the county clerk when making a payment to an incapacitated creditor?", "Where does the county clerk put the money after it is paid to a resident creditor?", "Who is allowed to serve as a custodian for a disabled minor’s money?", "What bond is required for a custodian to withdraw money from the clerk’s account?", "How does the county clerk report the investment earnings on a creditor’s funds?", "Can a nonresident minor or nonresident incapacitated person receive payment through this chapter, and how?", "What steps must be taken for a charitable institution to receive money for a resident with a mental disability?", "When and how can the creditor, heirs, or a personal representative take the money after the disability ends?", "What happens to any remaining money in a resident’s trust account after they die?" ], "issue_tags": [ "incapacitated-payments", "guardianless-estates", "county-clerk-funds", "custodian-bond", "charitable-institution-funds", "nonresident-creditor", "trust-account" ], "synonyms": [ "payment without guardianship", "guardianless claim payment", "incapacitated creditor payment", "payment to former wards", "non-guardian estate payments", "eleemosynary institution fund handling" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1356", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1356. COURT APPROVAL OF CERTAIN ARTS AND ENTERTAINMENT, ADVERTISEMENT, AND SPORTS CONTRACTS", "url": "/statutes/ES/1356.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1356.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a court process to approve contracts that minors sign for work in entertainment, advertising, or sports. A guardian must petition the court, parents are required to be part of the case, and the court can order a portion of the minor’s earnings to be saved in a trust. The court may also appoint a guardian ad litem to protect the child’s interests, and approved contracts are not automatically void because the signer is a minor.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a minor sign a movie or TV contract without a court order?", "Do I need a judge’s approval for my teen’s modeling or advertising deal?", "What steps must a parent take to get a sports contract approved for a child athlete?", "Can part of my child’s earnings from a music contract be set aside in a trust?", "Who must be notified when a minor’s entertainment contract is sent to court?", "Do both parents have to be involved in the court proceeding for a minor’s contract?", "Can the court appoint a guardian ad litem to represent my child in a contract case?", "Is a contract approved by the court still enforceable if the child later turns 18?", "What is the maximum length a minor’s contract can be under this law?", "How is “net earnings” calculated for a minor’s contract?" ], "issue_tags": [ "minors-contracts", "entertainment-law", "court-approval", "trust-earnings", "guardian-ad-litem", "sports-contracts" ], "synonyms": [ "court approval of minor contracts", "minor entertainment contract approval", "guardian petition for minor arts contract", "Texas minor contract court process", "approval of minor advertising agreements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "1357", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 1357. SUPPORTED DECISION-MAKING AGREEMENT ACT", "url": "/statutes/ES/1357.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/1357.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a Supported Decision-Making Agreement as a less restrictive alternative to guardianship for adults with disabilities. It lets a disabled adult choose a supporter who helps them understand options, gather information, and communicate decisions without making choices for them. The law outlines how the agreement is formed, the supporter’s duties, confidentiality rules, how the agreement can end, and how to report suspected abuse.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I use a supported decision‑making agreement instead of a guardianship?", "What is a supported decision‑making agreement?", "Who can act as a supporter under this agreement?", "What kinds of help can a supporter provide me?", "Do I have to sign the agreement in front of witnesses or a notary?", "How long does a supported decision‑making agreement last?", "How can the agreement be terminated early?", "What should I do if I think my supporter is abusing or exploiting me?", "Do I still retain the right to make my own decisions?", "Can a supporter access my medical or educational records?", "What fiduciary duties does a supporter owe me?", "Can I name an alternate supporter if there’s a conflict of interest?" ], "issue_tags": [ "supported-decision-making", "guardianship-alternative", "adult-disability", "supporter-duties", "agreement-termination", "abuse-reporting" ], "synonyms": [ "Supported Decision-Making Agreement Act", "SDMA", "alternative to guardianship", "supported decision‑making", "decision‑making support agreement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "ES", "code_name": "Estates Code", "chapter": "2001", "title": "ESTATES CODE CHAPTER 2001. TEXAS REVISED UNIFORM FIDUCIARY ACCESS TO DIGITAL ASSETS ACT", "url": "/statutes/ES/2001.md", "json_url": "/statutes/ES/2001.json", "summary": "This Texas law lets people decide how their online accounts and other digital records are handled after they die. It lets users give instructions through online tools, wills, trusts, or powers of attorney, and tells service providers (custodians) how to share or protect those digital assets for heirs, agents, trustees, or guardians. The law also sets duties for fiduciaries and gives providers immunity when they follow the rules.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I tell my email or social‑media provider to give my account to my executor after I die?", "Can I use an online tool to decide who gets my digital files and messages?", "What does a power of attorney need to include to let my agent access my online communications?", "Do I need to put instructions in my will for my digital assets, or can I rely on the provider’s settings?", "What documents must my estate’s personal representative provide to a custodian to get my digital records?", "Can a guardian of a minor access the minor’s online accounts, and what court order is required?", "What fees can a service provider charge for handing over my digital assets to my heir?", "If I delete an email before I die, does the provider still have to give it to my estate?", "Can a trustee get access to a trust’s digital assets if the original user is no longer alive?", "What legal duties does an executor have when managing a decedent’s digital property?" ], "issue_tags": [ "digital-assets", "fiduciary-access", "estate-planning", "online-tools", "custodian-obligations", "power-of-attorney" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Revised Uniform Fiduciary Access to Digital Assets Act", "UFADAA Texas", "Texas digital estate law", "Electronic asset access statute", "Digital fiduciary access act" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "1", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/FA/1.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/1.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the basic rules for marriage in Texas. It defines key terms, says every marriage is presumed valid unless declared void, and outlines who can sue or be sued, what actions are not allowed (like alienation of affection), and requires marriage-related promises to be in writing. It also explains that digitized signatures are acceptable on court filings.", "questions_answered": [ "What does Texas law assume about the validity of a marriage?", "Is the most recent marriage automatically considered valid?", "Do out‑of‑state marriages count if I live in Texas?", "Can one spouse be sued without the other spouse being joined?", "Are claims for alienation of affection or criminal conversation allowed in Texas?", "Do married people have adult legal capacity regardless of age?", "Do marriage promises or agreements have to be in writing to be enforceable?", "Can I use a digital signature on a divorce or annulment petition?", "Which court handles lawsuits to end a marriage?", "What is a \"suit for dissolution of marriage\" under Texas law?" ], "issue_tags": [ "marriage-presumption", "spouse-capacity", "civil-joinder", "tort-prohibitions", "written-agreements", "digital-signature", "jurisdiction" ], "synonyms": [ "Family Code Chapter 1", "General provisions of the marriage relationship", "Texas marriage definitions", "Marriage relationship rules", "General marriage statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "2", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 2. THE MARRIAGE RELATIONSHIP", "url": "/statutes/FA/2.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/2.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rules for getting a marriage license in Texas, including who can apply, what identification is needed, and how the application must be completed. It also covers who may perform a wedding ceremony, the required waiting period, special provisions for minors and absent applicants, and how licenses are recorded and corrected. The chapter includes requirements for premarital education, penalties for false information, and protections for religious organizations.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I apply for a marriage license in Texas?", "What forms of ID are accepted for a marriage license?", "Can a person under 18 get married, and what extra steps are required?", "What is the 72‑hour waiting period before a wedding can take place?", "Can I get a marriage license if I can’t appear in person at the clerk’s office?", "Who is allowed to officiate my wedding ceremony?", "What happens if I give false information on my marriage license application?", "How can I correct an error on a recorded marriage license?", "Do I need to take a premarital education course before getting married?", "Can a religious organization refuse to perform a marriage ceremony based on its beliefs?", "How is a marriage license returned and recorded after the ceremony?", "What are the penalties for a clerk who mishandles a marriage license?" ], "issue_tags": [ "marriage-license", "underage-marriage", "ceremony-authority", "waiting-period", "identity-proof", "premarital-education", "remote-licensing", "record-keeping" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas marriage license rules", "marriage application process", "marriage ceremony regulations", "Family Code Chapter 2", "marriage licensing statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "3", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 3. MARITAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND LIABILITIES", "url": "/statutes/FA/3.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/3.json", "summary": "Chapter 3 of the Texas Family Code explains how property is divided between what each spouse brings into the marriage (separate property) and what they acquire together (community property). It sets out rules for managing, controlling, and disposing of both types of property, how debts and liabilities are handled, and how spouses can seek reimbursement when one uses the other's property. The chapter also covers special situations like gifts, employee benefits, insurance proceeds, and cases where a spouse is missing or absent.", "questions_answered": [ "What property do I keep as my own when I get married?", "How is community property defined and what does it include?", "Do I need to record a list of my separate property, and how does that affect buyers or creditors?", "Who can manage and sell community property during the marriage?", "Are my spouse’s debts automatically my responsibility?", "Can I claim reimbursement if I used community money to improve my separate property?", "How are retirement plans and stock options treated as separate or community property?", "What happens to insurance payments for personal injuries or disability?", "What can I do if my spouse disappears, abandons me, or is missing on public service?", "How does a court handle the division of property when a marriage ends?", "Can a premarital or marital property agreement waive my right to reimbursement claims?" ], "issue_tags": [ "separate-property", "community-property", "marital-management", "liability", "reimbursement-claims", "property-recording", "missing-spouse" ], "synonyms": [ "Marital property rights", "Texas community property law", "Family Code Chapter 3", "Separate vs community property rules", "Marital property and liabilities" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "4", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 4. PREMARITAL AND MARITAL PROPERTY AGREEMENTS", "url": "/statutes/FA/4.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/4.json", "summary": "This chapter tells couples how they can write agreements before or during marriage to decide who owns what, how property is managed, and what happens if they separate or one dies. It explains the steps needed to make those agreements valid, how they can be changed or cancelled, and what makes a court refuse to enforce them.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a written contract for a prenup?", "Can a premarital agreement be changed after we get married?", "What kinds of property can I include in a marital agreement?", "Can a prenup limit spousal support or child support?", "What happens to my separate property if we agree to make it community property?", "How do I protect my creditors when I convert separate property to community property?", "What must be disclosed for a prenup to be enforceable?", "Can a marriage that is later declared void still enforce a premarital agreement?", "How long do I have to enforce a property agreement after divorce?", "Do I need to record a property conversion agreement with the county?" ], "issue_tags": [ "premarital-agreements", "marital-property", "community-property", "property-division", "spousal-support", "agreement-enforcement", "creditor-rights" ], "synonyms": [ "prenuptial agreement rules", "marriage property agreements", "premarital contract statutes", "Texas premarital agreement act", "marital property conversion rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "5", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 5. HOMESTEAD RIGHTS", "url": "/statutes/FA/5.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/5.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for selling, transferring, or borrowing against a family home in Texas. It requires both spouses to agree unless one spouse is legally incapacitated, missing, abandoned, or a prisoner of war, in which case a court petition can be filed. The chapter also explains how the court handles those petitions, appoints attorneys, and orders the sale.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sell our house without my spouse’s signature?", "What if my spouse has been declared legally incapacitated—can I sell the home alone?", "My spouse disappeared years ago; can I sell the family home without them?", "We are permanently separated—do I need my spouse’s consent to sell the house?", "What is the process to ask a court to allow me to sell the home when my spouse is missing?", "How long must I wait before filing a petition to sell the home under unusual circumstances?", "If my spouse is a prisoner of war or missing on public service, will the court provide a lawyer for them?", "Does the rule change if the home is community property versus separate property?", "What conditions can the court impose when it approves a sale of the family home?", "Can I place a lien on the house without my spouse’s agreement?", "What paperwork is needed to start a court petition to sell the home without my spouse?", "Are the court’s powers to approve a sale limited in any way?" ], "issue_tags": [ "homestead-rights", "spousal-consent", "incapacity", "missing-spouse", "community-property", "court-petition", "property-sale" ], "synonyms": [ "homestead sale rules", "spousal consent for home sale", "Texas homestead disposition", "family home sale restrictions", "marriage property sale rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "6", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 6. SUIT FOR DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE", "url": "/statutes/FA/6.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/6.json", "summary": "Chapter 6 of the Texas Family Code explains how a marriage can be ended, whether by divorce, annulment, or a declaration that the marriage is void. It lists the specific reasons a court may grant a divorce or annulment, sets residency and waiting‑period rules, and describes procedures for filing, temporary orders, mediation, arbitration, and remarriage. The chapter also covers jurisdiction, protective orders, property issues, name changes, and related court processes.", "questions_answered": [ "What reasons can I use to file for a divorce in Texas?", "Can I get a divorce if my spouse was convicted of a felony or imprisoned for a year?", "How long must we live apart before we can file for divorce?", "Can a marriage be annulled if one partner was under the influence of alcohol or drugs at the ceremony?", "What is the waiting period before a Texas divorce can be granted?", "Do I need to be a Texas resident to file for divorce or annulment?", "Can I request a temporary restraining order or protective order while my divorce is pending?", "What are the rules for remarriage after a divorce is finalized?", "How does the court handle property transfers or debts made during a divorce proceeding?", "Can I change my name as part of a divorce decree?", "When is a marriage declared void because of close family relationships?", "Can a marriage be annulled if one spouse was mentally incapacitated at the time of marriage?" ], "issue_tags": [ "divorce-grounds", "annulment", "void-marriage", "jurisdiction", "temporary-orders", "mediation", "remarriage" ], "synonyms": [ "Family Code Chapter 6", "Texas divorce statutes", "Texas marriage dissolution law", "Divorce and annulment provisions", "Texas family law on marriage termination" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "7", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 7. AWARD OF MARITAL PROPERTY", "url": "/statutes/FA/7.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/7.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas courts how to split the property and assets of a marriage when it ends, making sure the division is fair to both spouses and any children. It covers general rules, special treatment for out‑of‑state or exchanged property, retirement and insurance benefits, written agreements, tax impacts, and what to do when fraud is found.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas divide property in a divorce?", "What happens to retirement accounts, pensions, and stock options when a couple divorces in Texas?", "Can spouses create their own agreement on how to split assets in a divorce?", "How are insurance policies, like life or auto insurance, handled in a Texas divorce?", "What does Texas do if one spouse hid assets or committed fraud on the community estate?", "Do assets bought while living in another state count as community property in Texas?", "Can the court consider tax consequences when dividing marital assets?", "What rights do I have to a claim for reimbursement after a divorce?", "How are earnings and wages earned after filing for divorce treated?", "What is a reconstituted estate and how is it divided if fraud is proven?" ], "issue_tags": [ "property-division", "retirement-benefits", "insurance", "divorce-agreements", "tax-considerations", "fraud-on-community", "out-of-state-property" ], "synonyms": [ "marital property division", "division of community estate", "property award in divorce", "Texas divorce asset split", "asset division upon dissolution" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "8", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 8. MAINTENANCE", "url": "/statutes/FA/8.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/8.json", "summary": "Chapter 8 of the Texas Family Code sets out the rules for spousal maintenance (often called alimony) after a marriage ends. It explains who can receive support, how the amount and length are decided, how orders can be changed or ended, and how payments are collected through wage withholding and other enforcement tools. The chapter also covers the use of pension or retirement benefits to satisfy maintenance obligations.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I receive spousal maintenance if I have a physical or mental disability?", "How does the court decide the amount of alimony I must pay or receive?", "What factors determine how long spousal support will last after divorce?", "Can my employer be required to withhold part of my paycheck for alimony?", "What happens to my maintenance obligation if I die, remarry, or start cohabiting with someone else?", "How can I modify or terminate an existing spousal maintenance order?", "Is there a maximum limit on how much alimony can be ordered?", "What are the consequences if I fail to pay alimony on time?", "Can a former spouse claim maintenance if they were a victim of family violence?", "How are pension or retirement benefits used to satisfy a maintenance order?", "What steps must be taken to enforce a maintenance order through a writ of withholding?", "Are there any fees or penalties for employers who don’t follow a withholding order?" ], "issue_tags": [ "spousal-maintenance", "alimony", "income-withholding", "maintenance-modification", "enforcement", "qualified-domestic-relations-order", "employer-obligations" ], "synonyms": [ "spousal support", "maintenance", "court-ordered alimony", "post-divorce support", "wage withholding for alimony", "maintenance order" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "9", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 9. POST-DECREE PROCEEDINGS", "url": "/statutes/FA/9.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/9.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how a person can enforce or clarify a divorce or annulment decree after it’s issued. It sets rules for filing enforcement suits, deadlines for property division, how courts can issue or amend qualified domestic relations orders for benefits, and what to do if a decree is void because the court lacked jurisdiction.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I file a lawsuit to enforce the property division in my divorce decree?", "What is the deadline to file a suit to enforce division of personal property after a divorce?", "Can a court change the actual division of property in my divorce decree?", "How can a court clarify a property division order that is too vague to enforce?", "What remedies are available if my former spouse does not deliver property I was awarded?", "How do I obtain a qualified domestic relations order for pension or retirement benefits after divorce?", "Can a court amend a qualified domestic relations order if it was defective?", "What happens if my divorce decree is void because the court lacked jurisdiction?", "Can I get a money judgment if my ex-spouse fails to pay the amount ordered in the decree?", "Am I entitled to attorney’s fees and court costs in a post‑decree enforcement action?" ], "issue_tags": [ "enforcement", "property-division", "qualified-domestic-relations-order", "decree-void", "post-decree-proceedings", "deadlines", "contempt" ], "synonyms": [ "post‑decree enforcement", "divorce decree enforcement", "property division enforcement", "qualified domestic relations order proceedings", "post‑divorce litigation", "decree enforcement statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "15", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 15. COLLABORATIVE FAMILY LAW ACT", "url": "/statutes/FA/15.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/15.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a voluntary, out‑of‑court process called collaborative family law for resolving family disputes, especially those involving children. It requires parties to sign a written participation agreement, outlines how the process starts, can be ended, and how settlements are enforced. The law also sets rules for confidentiality, lawyer participation, and what happens if a case moves to court or involves family violence.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a collaborative family law participation agreement and what must it contain?", "Can a court force me to join a collaborative family law process?", "How does a collaborative family law process begin and how can it be terminated?", "What happens to my lawyer’s role if the collaborative process ends or I go to court?", "Are communications and information shared during collaborative law confidential or privileged?", "What are the rules if there is a history of family violence in a collaborative case?", "How is a settlement reached in collaborative family law enforced like a regular settlement?", "Can a low‑income party get free representation after the collaborative process ends?", "Can a government entity be a party in a collaborative family law matter?", "What disclosures are required from parties during the collaborative process?", "When can a tribunal issue an emergency order during collaborative law?", "What are the exceptions to the privilege protecting collaborative communications?" ], "issue_tags": [ "collaborative-law", "family-law", "settlement-agreement", "confidentiality", "lawyer-disqualification", "child-custody", "emergency-order" ], "synonyms": [ "Collaborative Family Law Act", "collaborative law process", "collaborative family law matter", "collaborative family law participation agreement", "collaborative family law communication" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "31", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 31. REMOVAL OF DISABILITIES OF MINORITY", "url": "/statutes/FA/31.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/31.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a Texas minor who is at least 16 years old (and living apart from parents) or 17 years old and supporting themselves ask a court to remove the legal disabilities of minority. The minor files a petition with required personal and family information, which must be verified by a parent or guardian, and the court appoints an attorney to protect the minor’s interests. If the court finds it’s in the minor’s best interest, it can grant limited or general removal, giving the minor adult‑like powers such as signing contracts and making education decisions.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a 16‑year‑old who lives away from their parents ask the court to treat them like an adult?", "What are the age and residency requirements to file a petition to remove minority disabilities?", "Do I need a parent or guardian to sign my petition to become an adult for legal purposes?", "Can I file the petition in my own name without a lawyer representing me?", "What information must I include in the petition to remove my minority status?", "Will the court assign a lawyer to help me during the hearing?", "What kinds of rights do I gain if the court removes my minority disabilities?", "Can a minor who has already been granted adult capacity in another state register that order in Texas?", "How do I request a limited purpose versus a general removal of minority disabilities?", "What happens if the person who should verify my petition cannot be found?" ], "issue_tags": [ "minor-capacity", "petition-process", "court-order", "adult-rights", "self-supporting", "legal-disabilities", "texas-family-code" ], "synonyms": [ "removal of minority disabilities", "minor emancipation petition", "minor capacity petition", "adult status for minors", "Texas minor emancipation", "lifting minority restrictions", "petition to remove minority" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "32", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 32. CONSENT TO TREATMENT OF CHILD BY NON-PARENT OR CHILD", "url": "/statutes/FA/32.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/32.json", "summary": "This chapter tells who may give written permission for a child's medical, dental, psychological, surgical, and immunization care when the parent or legal guardian cannot be reached, and it also lets certain minors consent on their own in defined situations. It covers consent for counseling, examinations without consent when abuse is suspected, and the ability of minors to agree to emergency shelter or transitional housing. The law also provides limited liability protection for providers and those giving consent.", "questions_answered": [ "Who can give consent for my child's medical treatment if I cannot be contacted?", "Can a grandparent or aunt/uncle sign a consent form for my child's surgery?", "What written information must be included on a child‑treatment consent form?", "Can a 16‑year‑old who lives on their own consent to their own medical care?", "Can an unmarried pregnant teen consent to her own medical treatment without a parent’s permission?", "When can a doctor examine a child for abuse without the child's or parent's consent?", "Who is allowed to consent to a child's immunizations if the parents are unavailable?", "Can a child consent to counseling for suicide prevention or abuse without parental approval?", "What liability protection do doctors have when treating a child under this consent law?", "Can a minor agree to stay in an emergency shelter or transitional housing without a parent’s consent?", "What happens if a peace officer takes a child into custody and the child needs immediate medical care?", "Can a school give consent for a child's medical treatment if it has written permission from a parent?" ], "issue_tags": [ "consent-medical", "minor-consent", "immunization-consent", "counseling-consent", "abuse-examination", "emergency-shelter", "liability-immunity" ], "synonyms": [ "child treatment consent rules", "Texas minor consent statutes", "non‑parent consent for child care", "child medical consent law", "minor medical decision authority", "emergency shelter consent provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "33", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 33. NOTICE OF AND CONSENT TO ABORTION", "url": "/statutes/FA/33.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/33.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules Texas doctors must follow before performing an abortion on an unemancipated minor. It requires at least 48 hours of notice to a parent or guardian, allows a court to waive that notice, and outlines special procedures for medical emergencies, reporting, confidentiality, and penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "How much notice must a doctor give a minor’s parent before performing an abortion?", "Can a pregnant minor get a court order to have an abortion without notifying her parents?", "What qualifies as a medical emergency that lets a doctor skip the notice requirement?", "What steps must a doctor take if a parent cannot be reached for notice?", "Can a parent or guardian waive the 48‑hour notice requirement?", "What documentation does a doctor need to keep after a medical‑emergency abortion?", "What are the civil and criminal penalties if a doctor violates the notice rules?", "How is the identity of a minor protected during a judicial bypass hearing?", "What is the process for a minor to appeal a denied court order for an abortion?", "Do minors need to show proof of age or identity to avoid the notice rule?", "What reports must doctors and judges file after an abortion on a minor?", "What happens if a minor falsely claims to be an adult to get an abortion?" ], "issue_tags": [ "abortion-notice", "minor-consent", "judicial-bypass", "medical-emergency", "confidentiality", "penalties", "reporting-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas minor abortion notice law", "unemancipated minor abortion consent rules", "parental notice for abortion statute", "judicial bypass for abortion in Texas", "minor abortion regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "34", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 34. AUTHORIZATION AGREEMENT FOR NONPARENT ADULT CAREGIVER", "url": "/statutes/FA/34.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/34.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a parent give a non‑parent adult written permission to handle many child‑related matters—like medical treatment, school enrollment, insurance, IDs, and employment—through an authorization agreement. It spells out the required contents, how long the agreement lasts, how it can be ended, and warns that the adult does not gain legal custody or the right to authorize abortions.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I let a non‑parent adult take my child to the doctor or dentist without me being there?", "How do I give a babysitter or other adult the authority to enroll my child in school or daycare?", "What information must be included in a written agreement for a non‑parent caregiver?", "How long does a caregiver authorization agreement stay in effect, and does it renew automatically?", "Can I cancel or revoke the agreement if I change my mind or the caregiver is not trustworthy?", "Do I need a court order to sign an authorization agreement if there is a custody dispute?", "What happens if the other parent disagrees with the caregiver agreement?", "Is the caregiver allowed to obtain health insurance, a driver’s license, or a birth certificate for my child?", "What are the consequences if someone falsifies or misrepresents information on the agreement?", "Does this agreement give the caregiver legal custody or the right to make decisions about abortions?" ], "issue_tags": [ "nonparent-caregiver-authorizations", "child-care-permissions", "parental-consent", "agreement-termination", "legal-custody" ], "synonyms": [ "Adult caregiver authorization", "Parent‑to‑nonparent caregiver agreement", "Non‑parent caregiver consent form", "Child care authorization agreement", "Authorization agreement for temporary child care" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "35", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 35. TEMPORARY AUTHORIZATION FOR CARE OF MINOR CHILD", "url": "/statutes/FA/35.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/35.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a person who has been looking after a child for at least 30 days ask a Texas court for a temporary order that lets them make medical, school, and other important decisions for the child. The order can last up to one year, can be renewed, and can be ended by the caretaker or the child’s parent, conservator, or guardian. While the order is in effect, the caretaker is protected from civil or criminal liability, but the order does not change legal custody.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I get a court order to make medical decisions for a child I’m caring for?", "What steps do I need to take to ask the court for temporary authority to enroll a child in school or daycare?", "Can I obtain a temporary care order if I don’t have a written agreement from the child’s parent?", "How long does a temporary authorization for care of a child last, and can it be extended?", "What information must I include in the petition for a temporary care order?", "Do I have to notify the child’s parent or guardian before the court hearing?", "What happens if the child’s parent objects to my temporary care request?", "Can I be held liable for decisions I make under a temporary care order?", "How can the temporary authorization be terminated before it expires?", "Does a temporary care order give me legal custody of the child?" ], "issue_tags": [ "temporary-care", "child-welfare", "court-order", "medical-consent", "school-enrollment", "guardian-authorization" ], "synonyms": [ "temporary authorization for care", "temporary child care order", "ex parte child care petition", "short-term guardianship", "provisional child care authority" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "35A", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 35A. TEMPORARY AUTHORIZATION FOR INPATIENT MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES FOR MINOR CHILD", "url": "/statutes/FA/35A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/35A.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a person who has cared for a child for at least six months ask a court for a short‑term order to admit the child to an inpatient mental‑health facility when the child’s parents or legal guardian cannot give consent and the child is at risk of harming themselves or others. The court schedules a hearing, notifies the parents or guardian, and may grant the order if evidence shows the child needs immediate care and no other adult can consent. The order ends when the child is discharged, a doctor says the emergency is over, or ten days pass, unless a longer‑term conservatorship is later obtained.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I get a court order to admit a child to a psychiatric hospital when the parents won’t consent?", "Who is allowed to petition the court for temporary mental‑health admission of a minor?", "What information must I include in a petition for emergency inpatient mental‑health services for a child?", "Do I need a doctor’s evaluation to request a temporary authorization for a child’s hospitalization?", "What happens after I file the petition—does the court set a hearing and notify the parents?", "Can the court deny my request if the child’s parent objects?", "How long does a temporary authorization for inpatient mental‑health services last?", "What if I later get a conservatorship—does the temporary order automatically end?", "Do I have to prove that the child has been living with me for six months before filing?", "What are the standards of proof the court uses to decide whether to grant the temporary order?" ], "issue_tags": [ "temporary-authorization", "inpatient-mental-health", "minor-consent", "court-petition", "child-welfare", "mental-illness-emergency" ], "synonyms": [ "temporary court consent for child inpatient mental health", "emergency mental health admission for minors", "ex parte petition for child psychiatric hospitalization", "temporary authorization for inpatient services", "minor mental health emergency order" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "41", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 41. LIABILITY OF PARENTS FOR CONDUCT OF CHILD", "url": "/statutes/FA/41.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/41.json", "summary": "This chapter says that parents or anyone who is responsible for supervising a child can be held financially liable for property damage the child causes. Liability applies when the child's negligence is linked to the adult's failure to supervise, and also for intentional harmful acts by children aged 10 to 17, with a $25,000 cap on damages plus costs. Special rules limit hotel damages to $25,000 per incident, and lawsuits can be filed where the child acted or where the adult lives.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I be sued for property damage my teen caused because I didn’t supervise them enough?", "Am I responsible if my child’s careless actions damage someone’s belongings?", "What damages am I liable for if my child intentionally destroys property?", "Is there a maximum amount I might have to pay for my child’s intentional wrongdoing?", "Do I have to pay attorney fees and court costs if my child’s actions lead to a lawsuit?", "Does this liability rule apply to hotels and inns when a child causes damage there?", "What age range of children is covered for intentional misconduct under this law?", "Where can a plaintiff file a lawsuit against me for my child’s conduct?", "Do I have to pay if I’m not the parent but I have control over the child’s behavior?", "What counts as ‘wilful and malicious’ conduct by a child?", "Can I be held liable for my child’s negligence if I was not present at the time of the incident?", "Are there any exceptions that would protect me from liability for my child’s actions?" ], "issue_tags": [ "parental-liability", "child-property-damage", "damage-cap", "venue", "hotel-liability", "intentional-mischief", "negligence" ], "synonyms": [ "parent responsibility for child conduct", "parental fault for child damage", "child misconduct liability", "parent liability for child negligence", "liability for child’s wilful acts", "parental duty and damages" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "42", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 42. CIVIL LIABILITY FOR INTERFERENCE WITH POSSESSORY INTEREST IN CHILD", "url": "/statutes/FA/42.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/42.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a parent or guardian sue for money if someone takes, hides, or keeps a child in violation of a court‑ordered custody, conservatorship, or visitation right. It also makes anyone who helps the violator jointly liable, sets out what damages can be recovered, and provides defenses and venue rules.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue someone who takes my child in violation of a custody order?", "What damages can I recover if someone hides my child against a court‑ordered visitation right?", "Am I liable if I unintentionally help someone break a custody or visitation order?", "Where can I file a lawsuit for interference with my possessory right to a child?", "Can I get attorney’s fees and court costs if I have to locate and recover my child?", "What kind of emotional‑distress compensation is available for a custody violation?", "Can the other party claim they had my consent as a defense to a custody‑interference suit?", "Is exemplary (punitive) damages possible if the violator acted maliciously?", "What defenses are available to someone accused of violating a child‑possession order?", "Does this chapter affect other criminal or civil remedies for custody violations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-custody", "possessory-rights", "civil-liability", "interference", "damages", "family-law" ], "synonyms": [ "interference with possessory rights", "custody violation liability", "possession right interference", "family code chapter 42", "civil action for custody breach" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "45", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 45. CHANGE OF NAME", "url": "/statutes/FA/45.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/45.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you how to ask a Texas court to change a child's or an adult's name, who can file the request, and what details must be included. It explains the court’s criteria, how special situations like court jurisdiction or sex‑offender registration are handled, and what happens after the name is changed, including certificates and waiving citation.", "questions_answered": [ "Who can file a petition to change a child's name?", "What must be included in a child name‑change petition?", "Do I need my child's written consent to change their name?", "What if the child is under a court's continuing jurisdiction or required to register as a sex offender?", "How does an adult request a name change in Texas?", "What personal information and fingerprints does an adult need to provide?", "Can someone with a felony conviction change their name?", "How does the address confidentiality program affect a name‑change petition?", "Will changing my name erase any debts or legal rights I had under my old name?", "Can a name be changed as part of a divorce or annulment?", "How do I obtain a certificate proving my name change?", "Can I waive service of citation in a name‑change case?" ], "issue_tags": [ "name-change", "child-name-change", "adult-name-change", "court-petition", "divorce-name-change", "address-confidentiality" ], "synonyms": [ "legal name change", "changing a child's name", "changing an adult's name", "name amendment", "petition for name change", "court‑ordered name change", "name change in divorce" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "47", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 47. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/FA/47.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/47.json", "summary": "Chapter 47 sets the basic rules for how terms are defined in the Family Code, saying the definitions in Chapter 101 are used unless the Family Code gives a different meaning. It also points to Chapter 107 for the rules on appointing attorneys or guardians ad litem in family cases. Finally, it allows a digitized (electronic) signature to be used on petitions and other filings, as long as the person who owns the signature controls it.", "questions_answered": [ "Do the definitions in Chapter 101 automatically apply to family law terms?", "What if a term in the Family Code has a different meaning than the one in Chapter 101?", "Which chapter governs the appointment of an attorney ad litem or guardian ad litem in a child case?", "Can I use an electronic signature on my family law petition or application?", "Who is allowed to apply a digitized signature on a family law filing?", "Does a digitized signature have the same legal effect as a handwritten one in family court?", "Are there any special rules for using digital signatures in family law proceedings?", "What happens if I use a digitized signature that someone else controls?", "Do the rules for attorneys ad litem in Chapter 107 apply to all family law matters?", "How do I know which definition to follow when a term is defined in both Chapter 101 and the Family Code?" ], "issue_tags": [ "definitions", "attorney-ad-litem", "digital-signature", "family-code-general", "procedural-rules" ], "synonyms": [ "General Provisions Chapter 47", "Family Code Chapter 47", "Family Law Definitions Rules", "Attorney Ad Litem Appointment Rules", "Digital Signature Rules for Family Cases" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "51", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 51. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/FA/51.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/51.json", "summary": "Chapter 51 sets out the goals and rules for Texas juvenile justice. It defines who is a child, what conduct counts as delinquent or needing supervision, and which courts have authority. The chapter also covers how cases are transferred, the rights to counsel, detention standards, and procedures for probation supervision across counties.", "questions_answered": [ "What types of behavior are considered delinquent conduct for a child in Texas?", "When can a child be placed in a juvenile detention facility and what are the requirements for those facilities?", "Who has the right to represent a child in juvenile court and how is an attorney appointed if the family cannot pay?", "What is a status offender and how does it differ from a regular juvenile offender?", "Which court will hear a juvenile case and how is jurisdiction determined?", "Can a juvenile case be transferred to a criminal court and under what circumstances?", "How does a child on probation move to another county and what are the rules for interim and permanent supervision?", "What is a guardian ad litem and when is one appointed for a child?", "What are the rules for parents or guardians attending juvenile court hearings?", "How are statements made by a child during an investigation handled as evidence?" ], "issue_tags": [ "juvenile-justice", "delinquency", "jurisdiction", "attorney-rights", "detention-facilities", "probation-transfer", "status-offender", "guardian-ad-litem" ], "synonyms": [ "Juvenile Justice General Provisions", "Texas Juvenile Code Chapter 51", "Youth Justice Statutes", "Texas Juvenile Law", "Juvenile Court Statutes", "Juvenile Delinquency Chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "52", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 52. PROCEEDINGS BEFORE AND INCLUDING REFERRAL TO COURT", "url": "/statutes/FA/52.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/52.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rules for when and how a child can be taken into custody by law‑enforcement or probation officers, including the use of warning notices instead of arrest. It describes the steps for releasing the child, the role of juvenile processing offices, and the procedures for directing a child to court or a first‑offender diversion program. The chapter also covers notification requirements, handling of child witnesses, and how schools must refer expelled students to juvenile court.", "questions_answered": [ "When can police or a probation officer take a child into custody?", "What is a warning notice and when can it be used instead of an arrest?", "What must a law‑enforcement officer do after taking a child into custody?", "How long can a child be held in a juvenile processing office and what can happen there?", "What is a directive to apprehend and how does it work?", "What is the first‑offender program and who is eligible for it?", "What happens if a child fails to complete the first‑offender program?", "How are parents or guardians notified when their child is taken into custody or referred to court?", "What steps must a school take when it expels a student?", "Can a child be taken into custody as a witness and how long can they be held?", "What are the informal disposition guidelines and who creates them?", "Who is responsible for transporting a child to a juvenile detention facility or court?" ], "issue_tags": [ "juvenile-custody", "warning-notice", "first-offender-program", "juvenile-processing", "school-expulsion", "court-referral", "law-enforcement-duty" ], "synonyms": [ "Juvenile custody procedures", "Child apprehension rules", "Texas juvenile justice intake", "Juvenile court referral process", "First offender diversion program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "53", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 53. PROCEEDINGS PRIOR TO JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS", "url": "/statutes/FA/53.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/53.json", "summary": "Chapter 53 sets out the steps that happen before a juvenile case goes to court. It tells how officials investigate whether a child is a juvenile, notify parents, decide if the child should be released or detained, and whether the case can be sent to a prosecutor, deferred, or sent to a grand jury. The chapter also describes how service plans are created for children and how summons are issued and served.", "questions_answered": [ "What does a preliminary investigation involve when a child is referred to juvenile court?", "When must a child be released from detention and what conditions can be attached to that release?", "What factors determine whether a child can be detained before a hearing?", "How are parents or guardians notified if their child is taken into custody?", "What services can be offered to a child and family before the case goes to court?", "Can a juvenile case be deferred instead of prosecuted, and how does that work?", "What role does the prosecuting attorney play in reviewing a juvenile referral?", "When and how can a grand jury be involved in a juvenile case?", "What information must be included in a petition for adjudication of a juvenile?", "How are summons issued, served, and what happens if someone violates a summons order?" ], "issue_tags": [ "juvenile-precourt", "child-detention", "deferred-prosecution", "service-referral", "summons-service", "grand-jury", "probation-services" ], "synonyms": [ "precourt juvenile procedures", "juvenile intake and referral process", "preliminary juvenile investigation", "child detention and release rules", "deferred prosecution for juveniles", "juvenile service plan requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "54", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 54. JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS", "url": "/statutes/FA/54.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/54.json", "summary": "Chapter 54 of the Texas Family Code sets out the rules for all juvenile court proceedings, from the initial detention hearing through adjudication, disposition, and any transfer to adult court. It explains when hearings must be held, the rights to counsel, how detention can be extended, and what orders a judge may issue, such as probation conditions, community service, or restitution. The chapter also covers special situations like remote hearings, sex‑offender requirements, and the process for modifying or ending dispositions.", "questions_answered": [ "When does a detention hearing have to be held after my child is taken into custody?", "Does my child have a right to a lawyer if they are detained in juvenile court?", "What reasons can a judge use to keep my child in detention beyond the initial hearing?", "Can a detention hearing be conducted remotely, and do I need to consent?", "How does a juvenile case get transferred to adult criminal court?", "What happens at an adjudication hearing and what rights does my child have?", "What are the possible outcomes at a disposition hearing after adjudication?", "What conditions can the court order for my child's probation, like counseling or community service?", "Can the court order my child's parents or guardians to attend counseling or perform community service?", "How does the court handle restitution for damages caused by my child?" ], "issue_tags": [ "detention-hearing", "adjudication-hearing", "jurisdiction-waiver", "disposition", "probation-conditions", "community-service", "restitution", "remote-proceedings" ], "synonyms": [ "juvenile court proceedings", "juvenile detention hearings", "juvenile adjudication process", "Texas juvenile justice judicial proceedings", "juvenile transfer to criminal court", "juvenile disposition hearing" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "55", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 55. PROCEEDINGS CONCERNING CHILDREN WITH MENTAL ILLNESS OR INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY", "url": "/statutes/FA/55.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/55.json", "summary": "This chapter tells juvenile courts how to handle cases involving children who have a mental illness or an intellectual disability. It explains how the court decides if a child is fit to participate in the proceedings, whether the child can be held responsible for their actions, and what types of mental health or disability services the court can order. The rules also cover how experts are appointed, how reports are handled, and what happens if a child is placed in inpatient or residential care.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a juvenile court determine if a child with a mental illness is fit to proceed in court?", "What criteria must be met for a court to order mental health services for a child?", "When can a juvenile court order a child to receive residential care for an intellectual disability?", "What is a forensic mental examination and when can the court order one?", "How does the court decide if a child is not responsible for their conduct because of a mental illness or intellectual disability?", "What are the steps for a court to order temporary or extended inpatient mental health services?", "Can a child be transferred to criminal court after turning 18 if they are still in mental health treatment?", "What reports must a facility provide to the court after treating a child with mental illness or intellectual disability?", "What happens if a child is found unfit to proceed and later becomes fit again?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mental-illness", "intellectual-disability", "juvenile-justice", "fitness-to-proceed", "lack-of-responsibility", "court-ordered-services", "forensic-examination" ], "synonyms": [ "proceedings concerning children with mental illness or intellectual disability", "juvenile court mental health and disability procedures", "child mental illness and intellectual disability statutes", "court rules for mentally ill or intellectually disabled juveniles", "juvenile mental health and disability chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "56", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 56. APPEAL", "url": "/statutes/FA/56.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/56.json", "summary": "Chapter 56 explains how a child or their representative can appeal a juvenile court order, including the steps, deadlines, and right to counsel. It also sets out the state's ability to appeal certain juvenile decisions, rules for transcripts, and privacy protections for the child’s identity. The chapter details when an appeal stays the original order and how indigent children may get appointed attorneys.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I file an appeal of a juvenile court decision?", "What is the deadline for filing a notice of appeal in a juvenile case?", "Can a child have a court‑appointed lawyer for the appeal if they cannot afford one?", "Does filing an appeal automatically pause the juvenile court’s order or the child’s custody?", "What types of juvenile court orders can be appealed?", "How does the state appeal a juvenile case, and what are the limits?", "Who pays for the transcript of the juvenile court record on appeal?", "Can the child’s name be kept confidential in the appellate opinion?", "What happens if the child escapes custody while an appeal is pending?", "Can a child appeal a case where they already pleaded or agreed to a stipulation?" ], "issue_tags": [ "juvenile-appeal", "appellate-procedure", "child-rights", "court-transcripts", "state-appeal", "indigent-representation", "confidentiality" ], "synonyms": [ "Juvenile court appeal rules", "Appeal procedures for juvenile cases", "Texas juvenile appeal statutes", "Chapter 56 Juvenile Appeal", "Juvenile appellate rights" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "57", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 57. RIGHTS OF VICTIMS", "url": "/statutes/FA/57.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/57.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the specific rights for victims of crimes committed by juveniles, including victims, their guardians, and close relatives of deceased victims. It requires law enforcement and the juvenile system to provide protection, information, and opportunities to be heard, and it establishes victim assistance coordinators to help navigate these rights. The chapter also outlines how victims can be notified about case developments and how courts may issue protection orders. It limits liability for agencies that cannot fulfill these rights and clarifies that victims do not have standing to act as parties in juvenile proceedings.", "questions_answered": [ "What rights do victims of juvenile offenses have in Texas?", "How can I get protection from a juvenile who harmed me or my family?", "Am I entitled to be notified about court dates and case updates in a juvenile case?", "How do I apply for victim compensation after a crime committed by a juvenile?", "Who is the victim assistance coordinator and how can they help me?", "Can I submit a victim impact statement in a juvenile court hearing?", "What should I do if I feel threatened after cooperating with prosecutors?", "Will I be informed if the juvenile offender is released or escapes custody?", "Do I have the right to a separate waiting area when I need to testify?", "What information will I receive about medical exams if I was a victim of sexual assault?", "Can I request a court order that limits the juvenile’s actions to protect me?", "What steps are required to receive my property back from law enforcement?" ], "issue_tags": [ "victim-rights", "juvenile-justice", "victim-assistance", "compensation", "protection-order", "notification" ], "synonyms": [ "Victims' Rights in Juvenile Cases", "Juvenile Victim Services", "Victim Assistance Coordination", "Rights of Crime Victims in Juvenile Proceedings", "Victim Protection in Juvenile Justice" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "58", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 58. RECORDS; JUVENILE JUSTICE INFORMATION SYSTEM", "url": "/statutes/FA/58.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/58.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up how Texas handles juvenile records—what information is collected, how it is stored, who can see it, and when it must be destroyed or sealed. It creates a statewide juvenile justice information system and local versions, defines access levels for schools, courts, law enforcement, and service providers, and outlines procedures for protecting privacy, sharing data, and sealing or destroying records.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a child be photographed or fingerprinted without a court order?", "When must law enforcement agencies destroy a child's photos, fingerprints, or other records?", "Who is allowed to view a juvenile's record and under what circumstances?", "How are juvenile records shared between schools, health agencies, and juvenile justice providers?", "What steps does a former juvenile offender need to take to have their records sealed?", "Can a juvenile record be expunged or deleted, and who can order that?", "What information is included in the statewide juvenile justice information system?", "What are the rules for releasing victim information in juvenile court records?", "When must a county post statistics about juveniles committed to state facilities online?", "How does the system protect the confidentiality of records held by law enforcement or probation departments?", "What are the access levels for different agencies in a local juvenile justice information system?", "Can a parent or guardian request the destruction of a child's juvenile record?" ], "issue_tags": [ "juvenile-records", "confidentiality", "information-sharing", "record-sealing", "data-access", "record-destruction", "juvenile-justice-system" ], "synonyms": [ "Juvenile Justice Information System", "Juvenile Records Confidentiality Rules", "Juvenile Record Sealing Procedures", "Juvenile Data Sharing Policies", "Juvenile Record Management" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "59", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 59. PROGRESSIVE SANCTIONS MODEL", "url": "/statutes/FA/59.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/59.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a step‑by‑step system for handling juvenile offenders in Texas. It assigns a sanction level from one to seven based on how serious the offense is and the youth’s prior record, then prescribes specific actions like counseling, probation, or placement in a secure facility. The model aims to balance public safety with rehabilitation, while allowing some flexibility for courts and probation officers.", "questions_answered": [ "What are the different sanction levels for a juvenile offender in Texas?", "How does the state decide whether a juvenile gets counseling, probation, or placement in a secure facility?", "What offenses trigger a level three, four, five, six, or seven sanction?", "What does deferred prosecution mean for a juvenile and when can it be used?", "What services or programs must a child complete at each sanction level?", "Can a juvenile’s parents or guardians be punished for their child’s delinquent conduct?", "Can a juvenile appeal a sanction decision or a departure from the model?", "When does a juvenile become eligible for release from custody or probation?", "What role does the probation department play in assigning and reporting sanction levels?", "What are the requirements for a juvenile who is placed in a secure correctional facility?" ], "issue_tags": [ "juvenile-justice", "progressive-sanctions", "sanction-levels", "probation", "juvenile-delinquency", "texas-law" ], "synonyms": [ "progressive sanctions model", "juvenile sanction hierarchy", "Texas juvenile sanction system", "juvenile offense level system", "progressive discipline for juveniles" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "60", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 60. UNIFORM INTERSTATE COMPACT ON JUVENILES", "url": "/statutes/FA/60.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/60.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up Texas's participation in a nationwide agreement that lets states work together to supervise, transfer, and return juveniles who are on probation, parole, or have run away. It creates a state-appointed administrator and an Interstate Commission for Juveniles to make rules, handle disputes, and share information while protecting public safety and the youth's welfare. The chapter also outlines how the states share costs, enforce the agreement, and what happens if a state withdraws or defaults.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas handle a juvenile who runs away to another state?", "Who is responsible for administering the interstate juvenile compact in Texas?", "What is the Interstate Commission for Juveniles and what does it do?", "How are disputes between states resolved under the juvenile compact?", "What financial obligations does Texas have when a juvenile is transferred to another state?", "Can Texas withdraw from the interstate juvenile compact, and how does that work?", "What rules govern moving a juvenile on probation or parole to a different state?", "What information is collected and shared about juveniles moving between states?", "Which courts or agencies enforce the juvenile compact in Texas?", "What are supplementary agreements and how are they approved?", "How are runaway juveniles returned to their home state?", "What protections do commission staff have from liability while performing their duties?" ], "issue_tags": [ "juvenile-justice", "interstate-compact", "runaway-juveniles", "supervision", "compact-administration", "dispute-resolution", "financial-obligations" ], "synonyms": [ "Uniform Interstate Compact on Juveniles", "Interstate Compact for Juveniles", "Juvenile Interstate Compact", "Compact on Juveniles", "Juvenile Compact" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "61", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 61. RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF PARENTS AND OTHER ELIGIBLE PERSONS", "url": "/statutes/FA/61.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/61.json", "summary": "Chapter 61 tells how a juvenile court can issue orders that require parents or other responsible adults to act or not act, and sets out the notice, hearing, and appeal steps for those orders. It explains how orders can be moved to another county, how they are enforced, what penalties may apply for non‑compliance, and outlines parents’ rights to information, access to their child, and to make written or oral statements.", "questions_answered": [ "What types of actions can a juvenile court order a parent or guardian to do or not do?", "How does a parent receive notice of a proposed juvenile court order?", "What must a juvenile court do to give a parent due process before entering an order?", "Can a parent appeal a final juvenile court order, and how?", "What happens if a parent does not follow a juvenile court order?", "What penalties can a court impose for contempt of a juvenile court order?", "What rights does a parent have to visit or communicate with a child in detention?", "What information must the court provide to a parent after a child is referred to juvenile court?", "Can a parent request a court‑appointed attorney if they cannot afford one?", "How are juvenile court orders transferred if the child or parent moves to a different county?", "What defenses can a parent raise if they cannot pay restitution or other court‑ordered fees?" ], "issue_tags": [ "juvenile-court-orders", "parent-rights", "enforcement-procedures", "due-process", "contempt-penalties", "child-access", "appeal-process" ], "synonyms": [ "Family Code Chapter 61", "Rights and responsibilities of parents in juvenile proceedings", "Parent and guardian obligations under juvenile law", "Juvenile court orders against parents", "Parent compliance orders" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "65", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 65. TRUANCY COURT PROCEEDINGS", "url": "/statutes/FA/65.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/65.json", "summary": "Chapter 65 sets up a special civil court called a truancy court to handle cases where children aged 12 to 19 miss school too often. It outlines how the state can bring a case, the child's right to a jury trial, possible defenses, and the range of remedies the court can order, such as attendance programs or community service. The chapter also covers how parents may be involved, how orders can be enforced, and how a child can later have the record sealed.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a truancy court and when is it used?", "How many school days must a child miss before they can be charged with truancy?", "What defenses can a child raise if accused of truancy?", "Does a child have the right to a lawyer or a jury trial in a truancy case?", "What types of orders can a truancy court impose on a child?", "Can a child's driver's license be suspended for truancy?", "How can a parent be held responsible for a child's truancy case?", "What is the process for appealing a truancy court decision?", "How can a child have their truancy record sealed after turning 18?", "What happens if a child or parent refuses to follow a truancy court order?", "Are there limits on community service hours or types of programs the court can order?", "Can a truancy case be dismissed if the child has a mental illness?" ], "issue_tags": [ "truancy", "school-attendance", "juvenile-court", "civil-proceedings", "remedial-orders", "appeals", "record-sealing" ], "synonyms": [ "truancy court proceedings", "school absenteeism civil process", "child truancy adjudication", "Texas truancy law", "truancy remedial actions", "truancy case management" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "71", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 71. DEFINITIONS", "url": "/statutes/FA/71.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/71.json", "summary": "Chapter 71 of the Texas Family Code sets out the key terms used throughout the family violence title. It defines who counts as family, household members, the courts that can issue protective orders, and what constitutes family, dating, and household violence. The chapter also explains who the prosecuting attorney is in these cases. These definitions guide how protective orders are applied and enforced.", "questions_answered": [ "What does Texas law mean by \"family\"?", "How is \"family violence\" defined in Texas?", "What is considered \"dating violence\" under the Family Code?", "Who is included in a \"household\" for protective order purposes?", "Who counts as a \"member of a household\"?", "Which courts can issue protective orders in Texas?", "What role does the \"prosecuting attorney\" play in a protective order case?", "Do the definitions in Chapter 71 apply to all parts of the Family Code?", "How does Texas determine if a relationship is a \"dating relationship\"?", "Are defensive actions excluded from the definition of family violence?" ], "issue_tags": [ "family-violence", "dating-violence", "protective-orders", "legal-definitions", "household", "court-jurisdiction" ], "synonyms": [ "Family Violence Definitions", "Protective Order Terminology", "Texas Family Code Chapter 71", "Definitions of Family and Household Violence", "Family Code Definitions Section" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "81", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 81. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/FA/81.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/81.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the basic rules for Texas protective orders in family violence cases. It explains when a court must issue an order, who pays filing and attorney fees, how fees can be enforced, and how orders can be appealed or enforced in other courts. It also covers the use of digital signatures and how protective orders interact with other family court orders.", "questions_answered": [ "When can a court issue a protective order for family violence?", "Is there a presumption that family violence occurred if the respondent was convicted of certain crimes?", "Do I have to pay any fees to file a protective order?", "Can the abusive party be ordered to pay my attorney fees and court costs?", "What happens if the abusive party does not pay the fees ordered by the court?", "Can I appeal a protective order, and when is an appeal allowed?", "Can a protective order be enforced in a different county from where it was issued?", "Am I allowed to use a digital signature on my protective order application?", "Does a protective order take precedence over a divorce or child‑support order if they conflict?", "Who is responsible for filing the protective order application – the county attorney or the district attorney?" ], "issue_tags": [ "protective-order", "family-violence", "fees", "attorney-fees", "enforcement", "appeals", "digital-signature", "presumption" ], "synonyms": [ "protective order provisions", "family violence protective order rules", "general protective order statutes", "protective order fee guidelines", "family violence order enforcement rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "82", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 82. APPLYING FOR PROTECTIVE ORDER", "url": "/statutes/FA/82.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/82.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you how to start a protective order case in Texas, who is allowed to file, and where to file it. It also lists the required information on the standard application form, how to keep certain details confidential, and how the respondent is notified. The rules cover special situations like filing after a previous order expires or when a child is involved.", "questions_answered": [ "Who can file a protective order in Texas?", "Where should I file my protective order application?", "What information must be included on the protective order form?", "Do I have to use the standardized protective order form?", "Can I keep my mailing address or other personal details private?", "What do I need to attach if my previous protective order has expired?", "How do I request a temporary ex parte protective order?", "What happens after I submit the application?", "Am I required to answer the protective order if I am the respondent?", "How is the respondent served with notice of the application?", "What extra steps are needed if the protective order involves a child?", "Can a prosecutor or child protective services file a protective order on my behalf?" ], "issue_tags": [ "protective-order", "family-violence", "filing-procedure", "confidentiality", "service-of-process", "ex-parte", "child-protection" ], "synonyms": [ "order of protection", "protective injunction", "family violence restraining order", "protective order filing", "protective order application" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "83", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 83. TEMPORARY EX PARTE ORDERS", "url": "/statutes/FA/83.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/83.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a Texas court issue short‑term protective orders without notifying the alleged abuser when there is an immediate danger of family violence. The orders can require the other person to stay away or stop certain actions, last up to 20 days (with possible extensions), and are enforced like a final protective order. Anyone affected can ask the court to cancel the order, and a bond is not required. The court must use a standardized form, and special rules apply when ordering someone to leave a residence.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I get a protective order without the alleged abuser being notified?", "How long does an emergency protective order last?", "Can the emergency order be extended beyond the initial period?", "Do I need to post a bond for a temporary ex parte order?", "How do I request that a temporary order be vacated or cancelled?", "What must I prove to have someone excluded from my home?", "Can the court order the alleged abuser to stay away from my residence?", "What form does the court use for an emergency protective order?", "Can a family member other than the direct victim apply for a temporary order?", "What happens if the alleged abuser is not present at the hearing?", "Is a temporary ex parte order enforceable like a final protective order?", "Who can file a motion to vacate a temporary ex parte order?" ], "issue_tags": [ "protective-orders", "ex-parte-orders", "family-violence", "emergency-orders", "order-enforcement", "residence-exclusion" ], "synonyms": [ "temporary ex parte order", "emergency protective order", "short-term protective order", "immediate protective order", "ex parte restraining order", "temporary restraining order" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "84", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 84. HEARING", "url": "/statutes/FA/84.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/84.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for when a court must hold a hearing after someone files for a protective order, including limits on how long the court can wait. It also explains special timing rules for large counties, how to reschedule if the other party didn’t get proper notice, and that a child’s statement can be used as evidence. The chapter notes that a legislative continuance is optional and that hearings can’t be delayed just to combine cases.", "questions_answered": [ "How soon does a court have to schedule a hearing after I file for a protective order?", "Can a judge delay a protective order hearing to combine it with another case?", "What extra time is allowed for protective order hearings in counties with more than 2.5 million people?", "Can the prosecutor ask the court for a longer deadline to hold the hearing?", "What should I do if the respondent never received notice of the protective order hearing?", "Can the hearing be moved if the respondent only got notice 48 hours before the scheduled time?", "Is a child’s statement about family violence allowed as evidence in the hearing?", "Does a legislative continuance automatically pause a protective order hearing?", "Who decides whether a protective order hearing can be postponed for any reason?", "What is the latest date a rescheduled hearing can be set after a service failure?", "Are there any limits on how many days a hearing can be postponed in a normal county?", "Do I need to request a new hearing date if the respondent didn’t get proper notice?" ], "issue_tags": [ "protective-order-hearing", "family-violence", "hearing-scheduling", "service-notice", "child-evidence" ], "synonyms": [ "protective order hearing rules", "family violence protective order procedures", "protective order scheduling guidelines", "protective order hearing timeline", "protective order hearing rescheduling", "child testimony admissibility" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "85", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 85. ISSUANCE OF PROTECTIVE ORDER", "url": "/statutes/FA/85.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/85.json", "summary": "Chapter 85 tells Texas courts how to issue protective orders in family‑violence cases. It requires a finding of violence, sets what can be ordered (no contact, stay‑away, counseling, firearm restrictions, property matters), mandates separate orders for each party, outlines confidentiality, duration, warnings, delivery, and how orders interact with divorce or child‑custody cases and can be transferred between courts.", "questions_answered": [ "What must a judge find before issuing a protective order?", "Can a protective order be issued if the respondent does not attend the hearing?", "Do protective orders have to be in separate documents for each party?", "How can my address or other personal information be kept confidential in a protective order?", "What actions can a protective order require the abuser to do, like counseling or surrendering a firearm?", "How long does a protective order last and can it be extended?", "What happens to a protective order if I file for divorce or a child‑custody case?", "How is a protective order delivered to the respondent and other agencies?", "Can I request that my wireless phone number be separated from the respondent’s account?", "What are the penalties for violating a protective order?" ], "issue_tags": [ "protective-order", "family-violence", "court-procedures", "confidentiality", "order-duration", "order-content", "divorce-interaction", "order-transfer" ], "synonyms": [ "protective order issuance", "family violence protective orders", "protective order rules", "protective order procedures", "protective order statutes", "protective order guidelines", "protective order chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "86", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 86. LAW ENFORCEMENT DUTIES RELATING TO PROTECTIVE ORDERS", "url": "/statutes/FA/86.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/86.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out what police agencies must do when a protective order is issued. It requires agencies to keep up‑to‑date records of who is protected and who is barred, to enter those orders into their databases and the statewide system, to inform firearms dealers of any active orders, and to provide officers to enforce temporary or final orders at a residence. It also covers how to handle protective orders that come from other states.", "questions_answered": [ "How do police know who is covered by a protective order?", "What steps must a law enforcement agency take when a protective order is issued?", "Do police have to enter protective orders into their warrant or arrest databases?", "How quickly must protective order information be entered into the statewide law enforcement system?", "What information do police provide to gun dealers about a prospective buyer’s protective order status?", "What assistance can a court order police to provide for a temporary protective order?", "What actions can police take if someone refuses to leave a home after a final protective order?", "How are protective orders from other states handled by Texas law enforcement?", "What happens to a protective order in the police database when the court vacates or dismisses it?", "Who is responsible for entering protective order data into the statewide system?" ], "issue_tags": [ "protective-orders", "law-enforcement-procedures", "domestic-violence", "firearms-background-check", "interjurisdictional-orders", "court-enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "protective order enforcement duties", "law enforcement responsibilities for restraining orders", "police duties under family protective orders", "agency procedures for protective orders", "protective order handling by police" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "87", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 87. MODIFICATION OF PROTECTIVE ORDERS", "url": "/statutes/FA/87.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/87.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you how a court can change an existing protective order, including adding or removing items, but it cannot extend the order beyond its original time limits. It also explains how to give proper notice of a motion to modify, and how a protected person can update their address or phone number, with options to keep that information confidential.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I change the terms of an existing protective order?", "Can I add new restrictions to a protective order that is already in place?", "Is it possible to remove something from a protective order?", "Can a protective order be extended past its original expiration date?", "What is the proper way to notify the court and the other party about a motion to modify a protective order?", "How do I tell the court that my address or phone number has changed under a protective order?", "Can my new address or phone number be kept confidential?", "Who must receive notice when a protective order is modified?", "Does filing a change of address affect the validity of the protective order?", "Can a protective order be modified after two years from the date it was issued?" ], "issue_tags": [ "protective-order-modification", "address-change", "confidentiality", "court-notice", "order-duration", "family-violence" ], "synonyms": [ "modifying a protective order", "protective order amendment", "changing a protective order", "protective order revision", "updating protective order details" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "88", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 88. UNIFORM INTERSTATE ENFORCEMENT OF PROTECTIVE ORDERS ACT", "url": "/statutes/FA/88.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/88.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas courts and police how to recognize and enforce protective orders that were issued in another state. It lets victims have those orders applied in Texas without having to start a new case, and it explains how to register the order, what the law requires for it to be valid, and the protections for officials who enforce it. The rules also cover child‑custody and child‑support provisions that may be part of the out‑of‑state order.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a protective order issued in another state be enforced in Texas?", "Do I need to register an out‑of‑state restraining order before Texas police will act on it?", "What does Texas require for a foreign protective order to be considered valid?", "Can Texas law enforcement arrest someone who violates a protective order from another state?", "Will a child custody or visitation provision in an out‑of‑state protective order be enforced in Texas?", "Is there a fee to register a foreign protective order in Texas?", "What should be done if the respondent has not been served with the out‑of‑state order?", "Can a Texas court enforce a child‑support provision that’s part of a foreign protective order?", "Are Texas officials protected from liability when they enforce an out‑of‑state protective order?", "Can I still pursue other legal actions against the respondent after using this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "protective-orders", "interstate-enforcement", "domestic-violence", "law-enforcement", "registration", "child-custody", "immunity" ], "synonyms": [ "Uniform Interstate Enforcement of Domestic Violence Protection Orders Act", "out-of-state restraining order enforcement", "foreign protective order", "cross-state protective order", "interstate protective order enforcement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "91", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 91. REPORTING FAMILY VIOLENCE", "url": "/statutes/FA/91.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/91.json", "summary": "This chapter tells medical professionals what to do when they suspect a patient’s injuries are from family violence. They must give the patient information about the nearest shelter, note why they think the injuries are from family violence, and provide a specific written notice. It also encourages anyone who sees family violence to call the police, and clarifies that it does not change any existing duty to report child abuse.", "questions_answered": [ "What must a doctor or nurse do if they think a patient’s injuries are caused by family violence?", "Do I have to call the police if I witness family violence?", "What information about shelters must be given to a victim by a medical professional?", "What written notice must a medical professional give to a patient they suspect is a victim of family violence?", "How should a medical professional document their belief that injuries are from family violence?", "Does this law affect my existing duty to report child abuse?", "Are emergency medical technicians required to follow the same rules as doctors and nurses?", "Where can I find the nearest family violence shelter center?", "What does Texas define as \"family violence\" for reporting purposes?", "Is there a requirement for medical records to include the reason for suspecting family violence?", "Can a witness be penalized for not reporting family violence?", "What agency provides the written notice that must be given to victims?" ], "issue_tags": [ "family-violence-reporting", "medical-professional-obligations", "victim-shelter-information", "documentation-requirements", "witness-reporting", "child-abuse-exemption" ], "synonyms": [ "Family Violence Reporting Requirements", "Medical Professional Duties in Family Violence Cases", "Texas Family Violence Reporting Chapter", "Family Violence Shelter Referral Law", "Victim Information Provision for Family Violence" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "92", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 92. IMMUNITY", "url": "/statutes/FA/92.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/92.json", "summary": "This chapter protects people who report family violence or give information about it from being sued, as long as they act in good faith. It only removes that protection if the reporter is lying or acting maliciously. The rule is meant to encourage reporting of abuse without fear of civil lawsuits.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I be sued for reporting domestic abuse to the police?", "Does the law protect me if I tell authorities about family violence?", "What happens if I report family violence but later find out it was false?", "Am I immune from civil liability if I give information about a family violence incident?", "Does reporting my own abusive behavior give me any legal protection?", "Is there any situation where I could be held liable for reporting family violence?", "Do I need to prove I acted in good faith to get immunity when I report abuse?", "Can a family member be held responsible for filing a false report of domestic violence?", "What does \"bad faith\" mean in the context of reporting family violence?", "Are there any exceptions to the immunity provided for reporting family violence?" ], "issue_tags": [ "family-violence", "reporting-immunity", "civil-liability", "good-faith-reporting", "bad-faith-reporting" ], "synonyms": [ "Family Violence Reporting Immunity", "Immunity for Reporting Family Abuse", "Family Code Chapter 92", "Family Violence Immunity Provision", "Reporter's Immunity in Family Violence Cases" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "93", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 93. CONFIDENTIAL AND PRIVILEGED COMMUNICATIONS", "url": "/statutes/FA/93.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/93.json", "summary": "This chapter makes any talk or written exchange between a family‑violence victim and a trained advocate private and protected. It gives the victim the right to keep those communications secret, says who can claim that right, and lists narrow situations where the information may be shared.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a domestic‑violence counselor share what I told them with anyone else?", "Do I have a legal right to keep my conversation with a family‑violence advocate private?", "Who is allowed to claim the privilege to keep a victim‑advocate communication confidential?", "Can my advocate disclose our talks to the police or a court without my permission?", "What kinds of people can see my confidential communication with a family‑violence center?", "Are there any exceptions that let my private communication be shared?", "If I’m a minor, can my parent or guardian force the release of my communication with an advocate?", "What happens to my confidential communication if it’s needed as evidence in a criminal case?", "Can a victim’s attorney share the communication on the victim’s behalf?", "Do support‑group participants have access to my private communication with an advocate?" ], "issue_tags": [ "family-violence", "confidentiality", "privileged-communication", "victim-rights", "advocate-privilege", "disclosure-exceptions" ], "synonyms": [ "confidential communications with domestic violence advocates", "privileged victim‑advocate communications", "family violence confidentiality rules", "victim‑advocate privilege", "protected communications in family violence cases" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "101", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 101. DEFINITIONS", "url": "/statutes/FA/101.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/101.json", "summary": "Chapter 101 of the Texas Family Code provides the official meanings for the many terms used in the parent‑child relationship title. It defines who counts as a child, parent, obligor, obligee, and other key words like child support agency, medical support, and standard possession order. These definitions apply throughout the title unless a specific provision says otherwise.", "questions_answered": [ "What does \"child\" mean under Texas law?", "Who is considered a parent in Texas family law?", "What is an obligor and what does an obligee do?", "What is a child support agency and what services does it provide?", "How is \"parent‑child relationship\" defined?", "What does \"clear and convincing evidence\" require?", "What is a standard possession order?", "What is a Title IV‑D case?", "What is a judicial writ of withholding?", "What does \"foster child\" mean?", "What is a digitized signature and is it legally valid?", "What does \"medical support\" cover?" ], "issue_tags": [ "parent-child-relationship", "child-support", "texas-family-law", "legal-definitions", "paternity", "support-agency" ], "synonyms": [ "Family Code Chapter 101", "Definitions chapter of the Family Code", "Texas family law definitions", "Parent‑child relationship definitions", "Child support terminology" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "102", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 102. FILING SUIT", "url": "/statutes/FA/102.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/102.json", "summary": "Chapter 102 tells who may start a court case about a child’s parent‑child relationship and how to do it. It explains the required petition details, how to serve notice, and special rules for confidentiality and standing. The chapter also covers who can intervene, adopt, or request termination of parental rights.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is allowed to file a lawsuit that affects a child’s parent‑child relationship?", "How do I begin a suit involving a child’s custody, adoption, or termination of parental rights?", "What information must be included in the petition when I file such a suit?", "What are the rules for serving citation to the other parties in a child‑related case?", "Can a grandparent, sibling, or other relative file or intervene in a suit about a child?", "What affidavit or statement is required for a non‑parent to have standing in the case?", "How can a prospective adoptive parent obtain standing to file a petition?", "What confidentiality protections apply to pleadings in these suits?", "How is service by publication handled when a person cannot be personally served?", "Can a party waive service of citation, and how is that done?" ], "issue_tags": [ "filing-suit", "standing", "parent-child", "petition-requirements", "service-of-citation", "confidentiality", "adoption-termination" ], "synonyms": [ "Family Code Chapter 102", "Suit filing rules for parent‑child cases", "Child‑related litigation procedures", "Parent‑child relationship suit guidelines", "Filing a child custody or adoption suit" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "103", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 103. VENUE AND TRANSFER OF ORIGINAL PROCEEDINGS", "url": "/statutes/FA/103.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/103.json", "summary": "Chapter 103 tells you where to file a lawsuit that involves a child, like custody, support, or adoption, by defining the child's legal residence. It also explains how a case can be moved to the proper county if it was filed in the wrong place, and what to do when parties live in different counties or out of state. The rules cover special situations such as guardians, conservators, and courts that already have exclusive jurisdiction.", "questions_answered": [ "Where should I file a child custody or support lawsuit?", "How is a child's residence determined for court purposes?", "Can I file an adoption petition in my own county or must I file where the child lives?", "What happens if the parents live in different counties?", "If a case is filed in the wrong county, how can it be transferred to the correct one?", "Do courts with exclusive jurisdiction have to move a child‑related case to another county?", "How is venue decided when one or more parties live outside Texas?", "What if a guardian or conservator has been appointed—does that change the venue?", "Can a child support case be moved to a different county if all parties are out of state?", "What factors does the court consider when choosing a new venue for a family case?" ], "issue_tags": [ "venue", "child-residence", "jurisdiction", "case-transfer", "adoption", "family-law" ], "synonyms": [ "Venue rules for parent‑child suits", "Child residence determination", "Transfer of original family proceedings", "Family Code chapter 103", "Original suit venue guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "104", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 104. EVIDENCE", "url": "/statutes/FA/104.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/104.json", "summary": "Chapter 104 sets out how evidence is handled in Texas family law cases, especially those involving children. It allows recorded statements and video testimony of children and professionals, outlines strict requirements for those recordings, and limits certain expert opinions unless a custody evaluation has been done. The chapter also provides a way to admit a child's hearsay statement when the court finds it reliable and necessary for the child's welfare.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a child's statement that was recorded before the trial be used as evidence?", "What rules must be followed for a videotaped interview of a child to be admissible in court?", "Is it possible for a child to testify by video instead of appearing in the courtroom?", "Can a child's out‑of‑court statement be admitted even if it is technically hearsay?", "When can a professional’s testimony be taken via videoconference in a child abuse case?", "What restrictions exist on expert opinions about child custody or access?", "Do both parties have to see a child’s video recording before it is shown in court?", "Can a child who cannot appear in court because of a medical condition still give testimony?", "Who is allowed to be present in the room when a child’s video testimony is recorded?", "Can a mental‑health professional give opinions about a party they have evaluated?", "What does the court need to find before admitting a child’s hearsay statement?", "Are there any special rules for using a child’s statement when a jury is present?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-evidence", "videotape-testimony", "remote-testimony", "hearsay-exception", "expert-witness-limits", "family-law-procedure" ], "synonyms": [ "Family Code Chapter 104", "Evidence rules for parent‑child cases", "Child testimony evidence provisions", "Texas family law evidence rules", "Child abuse evidence rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "105", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 105. SETTINGS, HEARINGS, AND ORDERS", "url": "/statutes/FA/105.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/105.json", "summary": "Chapter 105 sets out how Texas courts handle temporary orders, hearings, and final orders in cases that affect children. It explains when a court can issue emergency orders, what information parties must provide, how jury trials work, and when parents may be required to take education courses. The chapter also details notice requirements, record‑keeping, and penalties for violating orders.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a court issue a temporary custody or support order before a final judgment?", "Do I need a hearing to get a temporary restraining order in a child‑related case?", "What types of temporary orders can be made without an affidavit or verified pleading?", "How do I notify the court and the state registry if I change my address, email, or employment?", "Am I allowed to request a jury trial in a child‑custody or parent‑child lawsuit?", "What penalties apply if I violate a temporary restraining order or other temporary order?", "Will the court require me to attend a parent‑education or family‑stabilization course?", "What if I cannot afford the required parent‑education course?", "How is a child‑support order recorded with the state case registry?", "When can a child‑support order be modified or enforced without a new hearing?" ], "issue_tags": [ "temporary-orders", "child-custody", "child-support", "court-hearings", "parent-education", "notice-of-change", "jury-trial" ], "synonyms": [ "settings hearings and orders", "temporary orders in family law", "Texas Family Code Chapter 105", "procedural rules for child cases", "court orders affecting parent‑child relationship" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "106", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 106. COSTS AND ATTORNEY'S FEES", "url": "/statutes/FA/106.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/106.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a Texas family court order the losing party to pay reasonable attorney fees, court costs, and other expenses in family law suits and habeas corpus actions. The court can also award post‑judgment interest and enforce those fees like any other debt. Fees are kept separate from any child‑support arrears judgment.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a family court order the other side to pay my attorney fees?", "Will the court award court costs in a child‑support or custody case?", "How are attorney fees and expenses enforced after a family law judgment?", "Are attorney fees paid directly to my lawyer or to the court?", "Do I have to pay interest on a fee award after the judgment?", "Is a fee award separate from the child‑support arrears judgment?", "Can I recover costs in a habeas corpus proceeding related to family law?", "What does \"reasonable and necessary\" mean for attorney fees?", "Can the court order payment of expenses for expert witnesses in a family case?", "Do I need a separate judgment to collect attorney fees?", "Are court costs available for motions as well as full suits?", "How does the court decide what costs are allowable in a family case?" ], "issue_tags": [ "family-law-costs", "attorney-fees", "court-costs", "fee-enforcement", "habeas-corpus", "post-judgment-interest" ], "synonyms": [ "costs and attorney's fees chapter", "family code chapter 106", "family law fee awards", "court costs in family cases", "attorney fee recovery provisions", "family law expense recovery" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "107", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 107. SPECIAL APPOINTMENTS, CHILD CUSTODY EVALUATIONS, AND ADOPTION EVALUATIONS", "url": "/statutes/FA/107.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/107.json", "summary": "Chapter 107 sets out how Texas courts appoint and oversee people who represent children, parents, and alleged fathers in family law cases. It defines the roles, duties, and qualifications of guardians ad litem, attorneys ad litem, amicus attorneys, volunteer advocates, and evaluators for child custody and adoption. The chapter also establishes offices and programs that provide public representation and outlines how fees and training are handled.", "questions_answered": [ "Who can the court appoint to represent a child's best interests in a family law case?", "What is the difference between a guardian ad litem and an attorney ad litem?", "When does a child custody evaluation have to be ordered and what does it include?", "What qualifications must a child custody evaluator have?", "What is an adoption evaluation and when is it required?", "Can a volunteer advocate serve as a guardian ad litem for a child?", "How are fees for guardians ad litem, attorneys ad litem, and evaluators paid?", "What is a managed assigned counsel program and how does it work?", "What are the duties of an amicus attorney in a child‑related suit?", "How does the state ensure that appointed attorneys receive required training?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-custody", "guardian-ad-litem", "attorney-ad-litem", "adoption-evaluation", "special-appointments", "office-of-child-representation", "managed-assigned-counsel" ], "synonyms": [ "court‑appointed child advocate", "special appointments", "child representation appointments", "guardian ad litem", "attorney ad litem", "amicus attorney", "child custody evaluator", "adoption evaluator", "office of child representation", "managed assigned counsel program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "108", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 108. CENTRAL RECORD FILE; VITAL STATISTICS", "url": "/statutes/FA/108.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/108.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas courts how to send certain child‑related court orders—like adoptions, paternity findings, and loss of jurisdiction—to the state’s vital statistics unit, which keeps a confidential central file. It also sets rules for how adoption records are handled, how birth certificates can be updated, and when the unit may share information with other government agencies.", "questions_answered": [ "What court information must be sent to the vital statistics unit after an adoption?", "Are divorce or annulment papers sent to the central record file?", "How does a court report a paternity determination to the vital statistics unit?", "Can anyone view adoption records kept by the vital statistics unit?", "What happens to a child’s record when a court loses jurisdiction over the case?", "Does the vital statistics unit share adoption information with other state agencies?", "Are there any fees for obtaining information about which court has jurisdiction over a child?", "How is a birth certificate changed after a child is adopted or the parents marry?", "What privacy protections apply to the records in the central file?", "How are the central records stored and can they be used as evidence in court?" ], "issue_tags": [ "central-record-file", "adoption-records", "paternity-determination", "confidentiality", "vital-statistics", "birth-certificate", "court-transmission" ], "synonyms": [ "central vital statistics file", "court order reporting to vital statistics", "child‑related court record filing", "adoption record filing", "paternity record filing", "parent‑child relationship records", "vital statistics central file" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "109", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 109. APPEALS", "url": "/statutes/FA/109.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/109.json", "summary": "Chapter 109 sets out how courts can issue temporary orders to protect a child while a parent‑child case is on appeal, and it explains the special procedures for appealing those final orders. It also covers how the court can handle costs for the official court reporter’s record in an appeal. The rules include fast‑track handling for cases that end a parent‑child relationship and limit when a temporary order can be appealed.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a court order temporary custody of my child while my case is on appeal?", "What temporary orders can a judge issue to protect my child during an appeal?", "Do I need a bond or proof of harm to get a temporary order that stops someone from disturbing my child?", "How long can a trial court keep authority to modify a temporary order after an appeal is filed?", "Can I ask the appellate court to suspend a final order while the appeal is pending?", "What special rules apply when the appeal involves terminating the parent‑child relationship?", "How can I get the court to pay for the court reporter’s transcript if I can’t afford it?", "Is there a fast‑track process for appeals that end a parent‑child relationship?", "Can the appellate court keep the parties’ identities confidential in its opinion?", "What happens to a temporary order if the circumstances of a party change during the appeal?" ], "issue_tags": [ "temporary-custody", "appeal-procedures", "child-welfare", "parent-child-relationship", "court-reporter-fees", "accelerated-appeal" ], "synonyms": [ "Family Code Chapter 109", "Appeals in parent‑child suits", "Temporary orders on appeal", "Child welfare appeal rules", "Texas family law appeals" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "110", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 110. COURT FEES", "url": "/statutes/FA/110.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/110.json", "summary": "Chapter 110 of the Texas Family Code sets the standard filing fees for family law cases, such as motions to modify or enforce child support, and limits any extra charges. It also outlines specific fees for issuing withholding orders, transferring cases, and collecting operational or service fees for domestic relations offices.", "questions_answered": [ "How much does it cost to file a child support modification in Texas?", "Are there extra filing fees if I request multiple types of relief in the same family case?", "Can the court charge a separate fee for a divorce case that also includes child support issues?", "What is the fee for a court order that withholds a parent’s income for child support?", "Is there a filing fee when a family law case is transferred to another court?", "Do I have to pay a filing fee for a motion to enforce child support?", "Can the clerk charge me a fee for filing a contempt motion in a family case?", "What fees are collected for domestic relations office operations and child support services?", "Are there limits on the amount the clerk can charge for family law filings?", "How are the filing fees allocated after they are collected?" ], "issue_tags": [ "family-law-fees", "court-filing-fees", "child-support-fees", "domestic-relations-fees", "fee-limits", "transferred-case-fee" ], "synonyms": [ "Family Code Chapter 110", "Texas family court fee schedule", "parent-child court fees", "family law filing fee rules", "child support filing fee regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "111", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 111. GUIDELINES FOR POSSESSION AND CHILD SUPPORT", "url": "/statutes/FA/111.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/111.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up how Texas reviews and updates the rules for child visitation and child support. It requires legislative committees to examine visitation guidelines each session and a state agency to review child support guidelines at least every four years. The state guidelines take precedence over any conflicting local court rules, and courts must display copies of the guidelines for the public to see.", "questions_answered": [ "How often does Texas review its child support guidelines?", "Who is responsible for reviewing the visitation (possession) guidelines?", "Do local court rules ever override the state child support guidelines?", "Where can I find the visitation and child support guidelines in a courtroom?", "What happens if a court rule conflicts with the state guidelines?", "How are changes to visitation guidelines recommended to the legislature?", "What agency reviews child support guidelines and how often?", "Are courts required to post copies of the visitation and child support guidelines?", "Do the guidelines automatically change, or do they need legislative approval?", "Can a judge ignore the guidelines if they think a different arrangement is best for the child?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-support", "visitation", "guidelines-review", "legislative-oversight", "court-rules", "posting-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "possession guidelines", "child support guidelines", "visitation guidelines", "parent-child relationship guidelines", "family law guidelines", "Texas child support and visitation rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "151", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 151. RIGHTS AND DUTIES IN PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP", "url": "/statutes/FA/151.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/151.json", "summary": "Chapter 151 lists the things a parent can do for a child—like deciding where the child lives, providing food, shelter, medical care, and education, and making major legal and medical decisions. It also says parents must support their children until they finish high school, and it protects a child's right to life and care if born alive after an abortion, with penalties for doctors who ignore that duty. The chapter limits how the state can interfere with a parent's authority.", "questions_answered": [ "What decisions can I make about my child's residence and schooling?", "Am I required to provide food, clothing, medical care, and education for my child?", "When does my duty to support my child end?", "Can a court or another person change my parental rights?", "Who is allowed to use corporal punishment on my child?", "What rights does a child born alive after an abortion have?", "What can happen to a doctor who fails to treat a child born alive after an abortion?", "Can the state make rules that limit my ability to raise my child?", "Do I have the right to consent to my child's marriage or military enlistment?", "What responsibilities do I have for managing my child's estate or earnings?" ], "issue_tags": [ "parental-rights", "child-support", "parental-duties", "state-interference", "abortion-born-alive", "education-decisions" ], "synonyms": [ "parent-child relationship statutes", "parental rights and duties", "Texas Family Code Chapter 151", "parental authority law", "child support obligations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "152", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 152. UNIFORM CHILD CUSTODY JURISDICTION AND ENFORCEMENT ACT", "url": "/statutes/FA/152.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/152.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out which Texas court can decide a child custody case and how to enforce custody orders from other states, tribes, or foreign countries. It defines the \"home state\" rule, emergency jurisdiction, and procedures for registering and enforcing out‑of‑state orders. The law also guides courts on cooperating with other jurisdictions and handling fees and notices.", "questions_answered": [ "Which Texas court has the authority to make a child custody decision for my child?", "What is the \"home state\" rule and how does it affect child custody jurisdiction?", "How can a child custody order from another state be recognized and enforced in Texas?", "Can a Texas court issue an emergency order to protect a child who is abandoned or in danger?", "What steps do I need to take to register a foreign or out‑of‑state custody order in Texas?", "Do Indian tribe custody orders have to be enforced the same way as state orders?", "What notice is required when a parent lives outside Texas but is involved in a custody case?", "Can a court decline jurisdiction if it is an inconvenient forum for the parties?", "How are attorney’s fees and court costs handled in custody enforcement actions?", "What happens if a foreign country's custody law violates basic human rights?", "How do courts coordinate with other states when there are simultaneous custody proceedings?", "What information must I provide to the court about my child's living situation in a custody case?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-custody-jurisdiction", "enforcement", "home-state", "emergency-order", "interstate-cooperation", "foreign-custody", "tribal-custody" ], "synonyms": [ "Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act", "UCCJEA", "Texas child custody jurisdiction statute", "child custody jurisdiction law", "interstate child custody act" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "153", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 153. CONSERVATORSHIP, POSSESSION, AND ACCESS", "url": "/statutes/FA/153.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/153.json", "summary": "Chapter 153 sets the rules for who gets legal responsibility (conservatorship) for a child, how parenting time (possession and access) is divided, and what a parenting plan must include. It outlines standard visitation schedules, how courts handle cases involving abuse, non‑parent conservators, grandparents, siblings, international abduction risks, and military deployments, and it provides for parenting coordinators and facilitators to help resolve disputes.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a Texas court decide which parent gets primary custody of my child?", "What are the standard visitation times for a parent who lives far from the child?", "Can a grandparent get visitation rights with my child, and what do they need to prove?", "What happens to child custody if one parent is ordered to military deployment?", "How does the court handle a parent who has a history of domestic violence or child abuse?", "What is a parenting coordinator and when can one be appointed?", "Can a non‑parent, like a foster agency, be appointed as the child’s conservator?", "What steps can a court take to prevent international child abduction?", "Do I have to include a parenting plan in a temporary custody order?", "Can a parent be required to pay child support if they are only a possessory conservator?", "What are the requirements for a parenting facilitator’s qualifications?", "How can a parent request electronic communication with their child during visitation?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-custody", "conservatorship", "visitation", "parenting-plan", "family-violence", "international-abduction", "military-duty", "parenting-coordinator" ], "synonyms": [ "child custody", "parenting time", "possession order", "access order", "conservatorship rules", "family law custody", "visitation schedule", "parenting agreement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "154", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 154. CHILD SUPPORT", "url": "/statutes/FA/154.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/154.json", "summary": "Chapter 154 of the Texas Family Code sets out the rules for court-ordered child support, including who must pay, how long support lasts, how the amount is calculated, and how payments are made. It also covers medical and dental support, special provisions for disabled children, retroactive support, and what happens to support obligations when a parent dies or a child reaches adulthood.", "questions_answered": [ "How long does child support have to be paid in Texas?", "What factors does the court use to calculate the amount of child support?", "Can a parent be ordered to pay child support for a disabled child forever?", "Is child support required after a child graduates from high school?", "How are medical and dental expenses handled in a child support order?", "What payment methods can the court order for child support?", "Can child support be ordered retroactively and how is that determined?", "What happens to child support obligations if a parent or obligor dies?", "Can a parent be required to provide health or dental insurance for the child?", "How does the court treat income from self‑employment or undeclared assets when setting support?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-support", "support-guidelines", "medical-support", "dental-support", "disabled-child", "retroactive-support", "payment-methods", "income-calculation" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas child support statutes", "Family Code Chapter 154", "child support law", "parental support obligations", "child support guidelines", "support order provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "155", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 155. CONTINUING, EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION; TRANSFER", "url": "/statutes/FA/155.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/155.json", "summary": "Chapter 155 sets out which Texas court has the ongoing, exclusive authority over any lawsuit that involves a child, and explains how that authority can be transferred to another court. It details how courts keep, lose, or share jurisdiction, how to identify the court that previously handled a child case, and the procedures for moving the case and child‑support payments to a new court.", "questions_answered": [ "Which court has the authority to hear my child custody or support case?", "Can a different court take over my child‑related lawsuit?", "How do I find out which court previously had jurisdiction over my child?", "What happens to a child custody order if the parents get divorced in another county?", "Can a court modify a child support order when the child lives out of state?", "What steps are required to transfer a child‑related case to another court?", "Do I need to notify the other parties before moving my child case to a new court?", "What happens to child support payments when the case is transferred?", "Can a court lose its exclusive jurisdiction over a child, and how?", "Is a final order void if the wrong court issued it?" ], "issue_tags": [ "continuing-jurisdiction", "exclusive-jurisdiction", "jurisdiction-transfer", "child-custody", "child-support", "court-identification", "vital-statistics" ], "synonyms": [ "Continuing exclusive jurisdiction rules", "Child jurisdiction transfer provisions", "Texas Family Code Chapter 155", "Jurisdiction over parent‑child suits", "Court jurisdiction for child cases" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "156", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 156. MODIFICATION", "url": "/statutes/FA/156.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/156.json", "summary": "Chapter 156 of the Texas Family Code explains how a court can change existing orders about who cares for a child, where the child lives, and how much support is paid. It tells who may ask for a change, what must be shown, and how the court handles temporary orders, fees, and special situations like a parent’s conviction or death. The chapter also sets the rules for modifying child support amounts, including when guidelines apply and what changes count as material and substantial.", "questions_answered": [ "Who can file a lawsuit to change a child custody or conservatorship order in Texas?", "What must I prove to get a modification of a child support order?", "Can a temporary order be issued while I wait for a modification of a custody case?", "Does a parent’s criminal conviction or family‑violence offense automatically allow a modification of the custody order?", "How does the court decide if a change in a parent’s circumstances is a material and substantial change?", "What are the rules for modifying the exclusive right to decide a child’s primary residence?", "Can a sibling of a child separated by child protective services request access through a modification suit?", "What happens to child support if the conservator dies or is incarcerated?", "Are there penalties for filing a frivolous modification suit?", "How do the child support guidelines affect a modification request?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-custody-modification", "child-support-modification", "conservatorship", "temporary-orders", "material-substantial-change", "best-interest-of-child" ], "synonyms": [ "Modification of parent‑child orders", "Texas Family Code Chapter 156", "Child custody and support amendment statutes", "Conservatorship and access modification rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "157", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 157. ENFORCEMENT", "url": "/statutes/FA/157.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/157.json", "summary": "Chapter 157 lays out the procedures for enforcing any temporary or final order in a parent‑child case, including child support, possession, and access orders. It explains how to file and respond to motions for enforcement, how courts may use contempt, bonds, caps, and liens, and provides rules for hearings, community supervision, and related actions such as habeas corpus and qualified domestic relations orders.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I file a motion to enforce a child support or custody order?", "What is the deadline to enforce a child support order after the child becomes an adult?", "Can the court hold a parent in contempt for not following a possession or access order?", "What happens if the respondent does not appear at the enforcement hearing?", "How does a bond or security work when a respondent is arrested for contempt?", "How can a child support lien be placed on a parent’s property or bank account?", "What are the steps to obtain a qualified domestic relations order for a pension or retirement plan?", "How do I request a habeas corpus petition to return a child?", "Can I combine a motion for enforcement with other claims or remedies?", "What are the rules for community supervision and revoking it in a child‑support case?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-support-enforcement", "contempt", "custody-and-access", "liens", "community-supervision", "motion-procedure", "qualified-domestic-relations-order", "habeas-corpus" ], "synonyms": [ "Enforcement of parent‑child orders", "Family Code Chapter 157", "Child support enforcement procedures", "Contempt of family court orders", "Custody and support enforcement rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "158", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 158. WITHHOLDING FROM EARNINGS FOR CHILD SUPPORT", "url": "/statutes/FA/158.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/158.json", "summary": "Chapter 158 tells Texas courts, the State Child Support Enforcement agency, and employers how to automatically take money from a parent's paycheck to pay child support, including current support, past‑due arrears, and related fees. It sets limits on how much can be withheld, explains employer duties for sending and remitting the money, and provides procedures for voluntary withholding, modifications, and penalties for non‑compliance. The chapter also covers special situations like multiple employers, severance or bonus payments, and termination of withholding.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas automatically take money from a parent's wages to pay child support?", "What is the maximum percentage of my disposable earnings that can be withheld for child support?", "Can my employer be fined if they fail to withhold or remit child support payments?", "How are child support arrears handled through wage withholding?", "If I change jobs, does the wage withholding continue automatically?", "Can I request a reduction or termination of the wage withholding?", "Who is responsible for sending the withholding order to my employer?", "What can I do if I think the amount being withheld is incorrect?", "Can an employer deduct an administrative fee from my wages in addition to child support?", "How are lump‑sum bonuses or severance pay treated under the withholding rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-support", "wage-withholding", "employer-responsibilities", "arrears", "voluntary-withholding", "modification", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "income withholding for child support", "payroll deduction of child support", "child support wage order", "automatic child support deduction", "wage garnishment for child support" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "159", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 159. UNIFORM INTERSTATE FAMILY SUPPORT ACT", "url": "/statutes/FA/159.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/159.json", "summary": "This chapter puts the Uniform Interstate Family Support Act into Texas law. It tells courts how to handle child and spousal support when the parties live in different states or countries, including how to establish jurisdiction, register, enforce, modify, and determine which support order is controlling. It also sets out the roles of the attorney general, support enforcement agencies, and how the Hague Convention on child support fits into the process.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I enforce a child support order that was issued in another state?", "What steps do I need to take to register an out‑of‑state support order in Texas?", "Can I modify my child support order after I move to Texas, and what are the requirements?", "Which state’s law applies to a support order when the child, parent, or both live in different states?", "How does Texas handle foreign (non‑U.S.) child support orders or agreements?", "What is the “home state” for a child support case and why does it matter?", "How does an employer handle income‑withholding orders that come from another state?", "What can I do if I want to contest the validity or enforcement of a registered support order?", "When there are multiple support orders for the same child, how does Texas decide which one controls?", "What role does the attorney general play in interstate or international support proceedings?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-support", "interstate-support", "foreign-support", "jurisdiction", "registration", "enforcement", "modification", "convention" ], "synonyms": [ "Uniform Interstate Family Support Act", "UIFSA", "Texas interstate support law", "cross‑state child support statute", "interstate family support chapter", "international child support provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "160", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 160. UNIFORM PARENTAGE ACT", "url": "/statutes/FA/160.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/160.json", "summary": "Chapter 160 sets out Texas rules for figuring out who a child's parents are. It covers how a father is presumed, how parents can sign acknowledgments or denials of paternity, how genetic testing is ordered and used, and how assisted‑reproduction and gestational‑mother agreements affect parentage. The chapter also creates a paternity registry, outlines how disputes are handled in court, and explains the rights and duties that follow a parent‑child determination.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I legally establish that I am the father of a child?", "What steps do I take to deny paternity if I think I am not the child's father?", "When does the law presume a man is the father of a child?", "How does a voluntary acknowledgment of paternity work and can it be changed?", "What kind of genetic testing is required to prove or disprove paternity?", "Can I challenge an acknowledgment of paternity after the rescission period has passed?", "How do I register with the paternity registry to receive notice of court actions?", "What are the parentage rules for children conceived through assisted reproduction?", "How does a gestational agreement affect who is considered the child's parent?", "What happens to parental rights if a marriage ends before assisted‑reproduction procedures?", "Who can file a court case to determine parentage and what is the time limit?", "What fees, if any, are charged for filing acknowledgments, denials, or registry requests?" ], "issue_tags": [ "parentage", "paternity", "genetic-testing", "assisted-reproduction", "gestational-agreement", "paternity-registry", "acknowledgment-of-paternity" ], "synonyms": [ "Uniform Parentage Act", "Texas Parentage Law", "Chapter 160", "Parentage statutes", "Paternity Act" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "161", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 161. TERMINATION OF THE PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP", "url": "/statutes/FA/161.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/161.json", "summary": "Chapter 161 of the Texas Family Code explains when and how a parent’s legal relationship with a child can be ended, either involuntarily by the state or voluntarily by the parent. It lists specific behaviors that can lead to termination, describes the paperwork and court steps required, and provides a process for restoring rights if circumstances improve. The chapter also covers how alleged fathers are treated when they cannot be located or fail to respond to paternity notices.", "questions_answered": [ "What actions can cause a Texas court to terminate a parent’s rights?", "Can a parent be stripped of rights for abandoning or neglecting a child?", "How does the law handle a father who never responds to a paternity notice?", "What is the process for a parent to voluntarily give up their parental rights?", "Can a parent who used drugs during pregnancy lose their parental rights?", "What evidence does the court need to order termination of the parent‑child relationship?", "How can a parent who had their rights terminated apply to have them reinstated?", "Does a conviction for a serious crime automatically end a parent’s rights?", "Can a parent who delivers a newborn to an emergency care provider be terminated?", "What are the time limits for filing a petition to terminate or reinstate parental rights?" ], "issue_tags": [ "parent-child-termination", "involuntary-termination", "voluntary-relinquishment", "paternity-registry", "parental-rights-reinstatement", "child-welfare" ], "synonyms": [ "termination of parental rights", "ending the parent‑child relationship", "parental rights termination", "relinquishment of parental rights", "child custody termination" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "162", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 162. ADOPTION", "url": "/statutes/FA/162.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/162.json", "summary": "Chapter 162 of the Texas Family Code sets out the rules for adopting children and adults. It explains who may adopt, the steps needed—including consent, residence, evaluations, and health reports—and how adoption orders are issued and become permanent. The chapter also covers post‑adoption services, interstate placement compacts, and the voluntary adoption registry that helps birth families and adoptees locate each other.", "questions_answered": [ "Who can adopt a child in Texas and what are the eligibility requirements?", "What consent is needed from parents, guardians, or the child before an adoption can be finalized?", "How long must a child live with the prospective adoptive parent before the court can grant adoption?", "What is an adoption evaluation and when can the court waive it?", "What information must be included in the health, social, educational, and genetic history report for a child being adopted?", "How does the court handle a stepparent adoption when the child's parent is the petitioner's spouse?", "What post‑adoption services and financial assistance are available from the Department of Family and Protective Services?", "How does Texas handle the adoption of an adult?", "What is the voluntary adoption registry and who can use it to find birth parents or siblings?", "How do interstate adoption and placement compacts work for children moving between states?" ], "issue_tags": [ "adoption-process", "consent-requirements", "health-report", "postadoption-services", "adult-adoption", "voluntary-registry", "interstate-compact" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas adoption statutes", "Family Code Chapter 162", "adoption law in Texas", "adoption regulations", "child adoption provisions", "adoption code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "201", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 201. ASSOCIATE JUDGE", "url": "/statutes/FA/201.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/201.json", "summary": "Chapter 201 sets up the role of associate judges in Texas family law courts. It explains how they are appointed, paid, and what they can do—like hearing cases, issuing orders, and handling child support, child protection, and juvenile matters. The chapter also outlines how parties can object, request a new hearing, and how associate judges are supervised and protected by judicial immunity.", "questions_answered": [ "How is an associate judge appointed and what qualifications are required?", "What types of family law cases can be referred to an associate judge?", "Can I object to an associate judge hearing my case and how do I do it?", "What powers does an associate judge have in child support or child protection cases?", "How is an associate judge’s salary determined and who pays it?", "What is a de novo hearing and how can I request one after an associate judge’s decision?", "Does an associate judge have the same immunity as a district judge?", "Can an associate judge work remotely or use video conferencing for hearings?", "What is a visiting associate judge and when is one used?", "How are orders from an associate judge enforced before a de novo hearing?" ], "issue_tags": [ "associate-judge", "family-law", "child-support", "juvenile-court", "appointment", "de-novo-hearing", "judicial-immunity", "compensation" ], "synonyms": [ "associate judge", "AJ", "auxiliary judge", "part-time judge", "visiting associate judge", "court monitor", "referral judge" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "202", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 202. FRIEND OF THE COURT", "url": "/statutes/FA/202.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/202.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a Texas court appoint a \"friend of the court\" to help enforce child support and visitation orders. The appointed person works with parents, agencies, and volunteers to improve compliance, reports on payments and violations, and can take legal steps to enforce or modify orders. Local offices may be required to report delinquencies, and the friend of the court can access electronic payment records.", "questions_answered": [ "Who can be appointed as a friend of the court?", "When can a court appoint a friend of the court?", "What duties does a friend of the court have in child support cases?", "How does a friend of the court help enforce visitation or access orders?", "What methods can a friend of the court use to improve compliance?", "What reporting requirements do local domestic relations offices have?", "Can a friend of the court file a petition to modify a child support order?", "How does a friend of the court obtain child support payment records?", "What priority does the court give when choosing a friend of the court?", "Is a friend of the court compensated for their work?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-support-enforcement", "visitation-compliance", "friend-of-the-court", "court-appointment", "family-law-resources", "reporting-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "court-appointed advocate", "family court liaison", "child support enforcement officer", "court-appointed mediator", "friend of the court" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "203", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 203. DOMESTIC RELATIONS OFFICES", "url": "/statutes/FA/203.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/203.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas counties create and run domestic relations offices that handle a range of family‑law matters such as collecting child support, establishing paternity, managing custody and visitation, and providing counseling or mediation. It sets out who administers the office, how a director is appointed, how the office is funded, what fees it may charge, and what records it can access.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a county establish a domestic relations office?", "Who is responsible for administering a domestic relations office?", "What services can a domestic relations office provide to families?", "Can a domestic relations office collect and disburse child support payments?", "What types of fees is a domestic relations office allowed to charge?", "How are the fees collected by a domestic relations office used or deposited?", "What records is a domestic relations office permitted to obtain from state agencies?", "What are the penalties if someone discloses confidential information from a domestic relations office?", "Can a court order child support to be paid through a domestic relations office?", "What is the role of the director in a domestic relations office?", "Does a domestic relations office offer counseling, mediation, or parenting coordinator services?", "What bond requirements apply when a county creates a domestic relations office?" ], "issue_tags": [ "domestic-relations-office", "child-support-collection", "family-law-services", "county-administration", "fees-and-funding", "record-access", "alternative-dispute-resolution" ], "synonyms": [ "county domestic relations office", "family services office", "child support registry", "domestic relations registry", "family court support office", "domestic relations office program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "204", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 204. CHILD SUPPORT COLLECTION BY PRIVATE ENTITY", "url": "/statutes/FA/204.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/204.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas counties hire private companies to collect, receive, and distribute child support payments and related fees. It sets out what services those companies can provide, how contracts must be written, how fees are charged, and how counties can oversee or end the agreements. The law also outlines record‑keeping, disclosure limits, and funding options for these private services.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my county contract with a private company to collect child support?", "What types of services can a private entity perform under a county child‑support contract?", "How does a county determine and collect fees from a private child‑support collector?", "Are there fee exemptions if the child‑support amount is low?", "What records must a private entity keep when handling child‑support payments?", "What can a county do if a private collector misbehaves or harasses a parent?", "Can a private collector disclose information about my child‑support case?", "How does a county locate an absent parent through a private contract?", "What funding sources can a county use to pay for private child‑support services?", "Can a parent or obligor waive monitoring procedures when a private entity is involved?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-support-collection", "private-entity-contracts", "county-authority", "fees-and-funding", "record-keeping", "contract-termination" ], "synonyms": [ "private child support enforcement contracts", "county private collector agreements", "child support collection by private firms", "private entity child support services", "county contracts for child support enforcement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "231", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 231. TITLE IV-D SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/FA/231.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/231.json", "summary": "Chapter 231 sets up the Texas Title IV‑D agency, which is the state office that runs child support services. It creates a statewide system for locating parents, establishing, reviewing, and enforcing child, medical, and dental support orders, and it outlines how the agency can work with counties, private contractors, and other agencies. The chapter also covers fees, confidentiality, reporting, and the agency’s authority to issue subpoenas, collect payments, and provide public information about delinquent obligors.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas locate a parent who owes child support?", "Who is responsible for managing child support enforcement in Texas?", "Can the state change a child support order if the paying parent is in jail?", "What fees can the Title IV‑D agency charge for child support services?", "How does the agency keep my personal information confidential?", "What happens if I don’t pay child support and become ineligible for state contracts or grants?", "How can I find out if my child support payments are being processed correctly?", "Can the agency share my child support information with other agencies or credit bureaus?", "What is the process for changing the payee of my child support payments to the state agency?", "How does the agency enforce child support when the obligor moves out of state?", "What resources are available if I have a complaint against the Title IV‑D agency?", "Can the agency offer rewards for information that helps collect overdue child support?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-support-enforcement", "title-iv-d-agency", "parent-location", "confidentiality", "fees-and-costs", "interstate-cooperation", "public-complaints" ], "synonyms": [ "Title IV‑D program", "Texas child support agency", "Attorney General's child support office", "State child support enforcement system", "Child support enforcement agency" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "232", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 232. SUSPENSION OF LICENSE", "url": "/statutes/FA/232.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/232.json", "summary": "Chapter 232 lets a court or the state child‑support agency suspend or refuse to renew any license—like a driver’s license, professional permit, or hunting permit—when a person owes child support, ignores a subpoena, or disobeys a court order about child custody. It sets out how a petition is filed, how the person is notified, the right to a hearing, and how stays or reversals of the suspension can be obtained.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my driver’s license be taken away if I fall behind on child support?", "What types of licenses can be suspended for not paying child support?", "How does the state start a license suspension for child‑support arrears?", "What notice will I receive before my license is suspended?", "Do I have a right to a hearing to contest a license suspension?", "Can a license suspension be paused while I set up a payment plan?", "What happens if I ignore a subpoena in a child‑support case?", "Can a court order that I stop using my professional license for child‑support reasons?", "How can a suspended license be reinstated after I catch up on payments?", "What fees can a licensing agency charge when my license is suspended for child‑support issues?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-support", "license-suspension", "administrative-proceedings", "enforcement", "licensing-authorities", "hearings" ], "synonyms": [ "Family Code Chapter 232", "License suspension for child support enforcement", "Child support license suspension rules", "Child support license suspension process" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "233", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 233. CHILD SUPPORT REVIEW PROCESS TO ESTABLISH OR ENFORCE SUPPORT OBLIGATIONS", "url": "/statutes/FA/233.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/233.json", "summary": "This chapter outlines the Texas administrative process for reviewing child support, medical support, and dental support obligations. It tells how the state agency can issue notices, hold negotiation conferences, determine parentage, and file orders that are confirmed by a court, including rules for bilingual forms, interpreter services, and waivers of service.", "questions_answered": [ "How does the state start a child support review and what notice will I receive?", "What must I do if I receive a notice of child support review and I don’t respond?", "Can I have an interpreter or receive forms in Spanish during the review process?", "What is a negotiation conference and how is it scheduled?", "What happens if I or the other parent contest the proposed child support order?", "How can the parties agree on a child support order and waive their right to court service?", "How does the agency determine parentage if it’s not already established?", "What are the steps for the court to confirm an agreed or non‑agreed child support order?", "How are arrearages (past‑due support) handled in the review process?", "Can the agency modify an existing child support order without a court motion?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-support-review", "administrative-proceedings", "negotiation-conference", "parentage-determination", "order-confirmation", "bilingual-notices", "waiver-of-service" ], "synonyms": [ "child support review process", "Title IV-D child support review", "administrative child support modification", "child support enforcement review", "child support administrative proceeding" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "234", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 234. STATE CASE REGISTRY, DISBURSEMENT UNIT, AND DIRECTORY OF NEW HIRES", "url": "/statutes/FA/234.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/234.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a statewide system that tracks child support orders and handles the collection and distribution of child support, medical, and dental payments through a state case registry and disbursement unit. It also sets up a directory where employers must report newly hired workers, and outlines penalties for employers who fail to do so. The rules cover how payments are recorded, transferred electronically or by check, and how parties can request payment records or opt out of electronic transfers.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas process child support payments?", "Where can I get a copy of my child support payment history?", "Can I receive child support by direct deposit or a debit card?", "What is the state case registry and what does it do?", "Who is responsible for sending my child support payments to the state?", "What information does the state disbursement unit share with the court?", "Can I refuse electronic payments for child support and get paper checks instead?", "How are medical and dental support payments handled under this system?", "What is the new hire directory and why does my employer need to report my employment?", "What penalties can an employer face for not reporting a new hire?", "How are maintenance payments (like spousal support) processed?", "What steps do I take if I think there’s a mistake in my payment record?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-support-payments", "state-disbursement-unit", "case-registry", "new-hire-directory", "electronic-funds-transfer", "employer-penalties", "maintenance-payments" ], "synonyms": [ "State case registry and disbursement unit", "Texas child support payment system", "Child support electronic transfer rules", "New hire reporting directory", "Title IV-D agency child support services", "Child support and maintenance payment processing" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "261", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 261. INVESTIGATION OF REPORT OF CHILD ABUSE OR NEGLECT", "url": "/statutes/FA/261.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/261.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out how Texas handles reports of child abuse and neglect, defining what counts as abuse or neglect and who must report it. It describes the process for investigating reports, keeping information confidential, and the penalties for failing to report or making false reports. It also protects reporters from civil or criminal liability and prohibits retaliation against professionals who report abuse.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is required to report suspected child abuse or neglect in Texas?", "What actions or conditions are considered child abuse or neglect under the law?", "How do I make a report of child abuse or neglect, and what information must I provide?", "Can I report anonymously, and what happens to an anonymous report?", "What protections do I have if I report abuse in good faith?", "What are the penalties for failing to report or for making a false report?", "How is the identity of the person who made the report kept confidential?", "What steps does the Department of Family and Protective Services take when investigating a report?", "Can an employer fire or discipline a professional for reporting child abuse?", "What rights do parents or caregivers have during a child abuse investigation?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-abuse", "neglect-reporting", "confidentiality", "reporter-immunity", "investigation-procedures", "employer-retaliation", "false-report-penalty" ], "synonyms": [ "child abuse investigation", "child neglect reporting", "Texas child protection investigations", "child maltreatment reporting", "child welfare report process", "abuse and neglect investigation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "262", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 262. PROCEDURES IN SUIT BY GOVERNMENTAL ENTITY TO PROTECT HEALTH AND SAFETY OF CHILD", "url": "/statutes/FA/262.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/262.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out how Texas government agencies, like the Department of Family and Protective Services, can file lawsuits and take emergency action to protect a child's health and safety. It explains when officials may take a child without a court order, the required notices, hearings, and placement options, including using relatives or foster care. The law also covers special situations such as abandoned newborns, sexually transmitted diseases, and family preservation services.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a child protective services worker take a child into custody without a court order?", "What steps must a government agency follow to file a suit to protect a child's health or safety?", "How long does an emergency order last before a full hearing is required?", "What rights do parents have when their child is taken into protective custody?", "When must the court hold an initial hearing after a child is taken without a court order?", "Can a child be placed with a relative or designated caregiver instead of a foster home?", "What notice must be given to parents or guardians when a child is taken into possession?", "How are abandoned newborns handled under this law?", "What activities or parental behaviors are prohibited from being used as grounds for removal?", "How does the family preservation services pilot program work for children at risk of foster care?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-protection", "emergency-custody", "government-suits", "placement-options", "family-preservation", "abandoned-infants", "legal-procedures" ], "synonyms": [ "Procedures for governmental entities to protect child health and safety", "Texas Family Code Chapter 262", "DFPS emergency custody statutes", "Child protection emergency procedures", "Governmental child welfare suit procedures" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "263", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 263. REVIEW OF PLACEMENT OF CHILDREN UNDER CARE OF DEPARTMENT OF FAMILY AND PROTECTIVE SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/FA/263.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/263.json", "summary": "Chapter 263 sets out the rules for Texas courts to review where children under the Department of Family and Protective Services are placed. It requires regular hearings, service and visitation plans, and reports to ensure placements are safe, family‑like, and in the child's best interest. The chapter also covers how permanency goals are set, how special education and medical needs are addressed, and how the court’s jurisdiction continues for young adults after they turn 18.", "questions_answered": [ "When does the court have to hold a hearing about my child's placement?", "What factors does the court consider to decide the least restrictive setting for my child?", "How often must the court conduct permanency hearings for a child in foster care?", "Can my child be placed in a residential treatment center and how is that reviewed?", "What is a service plan and how can it be changed?", "What notice do I need to receive before a placement or visitation hearing?", "What rights does my child have while in foster care?", "What happens if my child is missing from their placement?", "What is trial independence for a young adult and how does it affect court jurisdiction?", "Can a non‑parent be appointed as a managing conservator for my child?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-placement", "court-hearings", "service-plan", "permanency", "foster-care", "visitation", "extended-jurisdiction", "young-adult" ], "synonyms": [ "review of child placement", "placement review process", "foster care placement review", "department of family and protective services placement review", "child welfare court review", "child placement oversight" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "264", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 264. CHILD WELFARE SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/FA/264.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/264.json", "summary": "Chapter 264 of the Texas Family Code establishes the state’s child welfare system. It authorizes the Department of Family and Protective Services to fund, oversee, and deliver services such as foster care, adoption, family preservation, and child protection. The chapter sets rules for county child‑welfare boards, funding allocations, placement standards, reporting requirements, community‑based care, advocacy centers, and related programs like caregiver assistance and parental child‑safety placements.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas fund and pay for foster care and related services?", "What are the rules for placing a child with a relative or other caregiver?", "When must the department notify parents or guardians about a child’s placement change or medical condition?", "What reports does the state require on child abuse, neglect, and child fatalities?", "How can a county set up a child‑welfare board and what are its responsibilities?", "What training is required for foster parents, adoptive parents, and caseworkers?", "How does the state handle community‑based care contracts and single‑source continuum contractors?", "What are the rights and duties of a court‑appointed volunteer advocate for a child?", "How are child‑fatality review teams formed and what do they do?", "What is the process for a parental child‑safety placement agreement?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-welfare", "foster-care", "placement", "reporting", "community-care", "advocacy-centers", "legal-representation", "funding" ], "synonyms": [ "Child Welfare Services", "Foster Care Regulations", "Texas Child Protection Law", "Family Code Chapter 264", "Child Protective Services Statutes", "Child Welfare Chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "266", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 266. MEDICAL CARE AND EDUCATIONAL SERVICES FOR CHILDREN IN CONSERVATORSHIP OF DEPARTMENT OF FAMILY AND PROTECTIVE SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/FA/266.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/266.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out how Texas handles medical and educational services for children placed in the Department of Family and Protective Services' conservatorship. It defines who can give consent for care, requires training for consenters, creates electronic health and education passports, and outlines rules for psychotropic drugs, research participation, emergency treatment, and court review of a child's medical care.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is allowed to give consent for medical treatment for a child in foster care?", "What training must a person complete before they can consent to a foster child's medical care?", "How does a foster child who is 16 or older give consent for medical treatment?", "What information must be included in a foster child's health passport?", "What are the requirements for giving consent to psychotropic medication for a foster child?", "How can a foster child be enrolled in a drug research program and what court steps are needed?", "What can a doctor do in an emergency if consent for a foster child's care is not available?", "How does the court review and receive summaries of a foster child's medical care?", "What comprehensive assessments must a child receive after entering foster care?", "Can a person other than the department assume financial responsibility for out‑of‑network medical care for a foster child?" ], "issue_tags": [ "foster-care-medical", "consent-requirements", "psychotropic-medication", "health-passport", "drug-research-enrollment", "emergency-care", "court-review" ], "synonyms": [ "medical care for children in foster care", "foster child health services", "DFPS child medical consent rules", "Texas foster care health regulations", "child welfare medical services statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "FA", "code_name": "Family Code", "chapter": "301", "title": "FAMILY CODE CHAPTER 301. DISCOVERY PROCEDURES FOR CIVIL ACTIONS", "url": "/statutes/FA/301.md", "json_url": "/statutes/FA/301.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rules for exchanging information in Texas family law civil cases before trial. It tells parties how to request and respond to disclosures about parties, claims, damages, witnesses, experts, medical records, and settlement details, and it blocks work‑product objections. It also lays out the steps, timing, and costs for discovering and deposing expert witnesses, and protects certain communications between lawyers and experts.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I ask the other side for information in a family law case?", "What must I provide when I receive a disclosure request?", "Can I hide draft expert reports from discovery?", "What information about experts do I have to share?", "When do I need to respond to a disclosure request?", "How are medical records handled in a family law lawsuit?", "What are the rules for depositing an expert witness?", "Who pays for the costs of an expert’s deposition?", "Can I claim work‑product privilege to block a disclosure request?", "What happens if I change my response to a disclosure request?", "How are settlement agreements and witness statements disclosed?", "What communications with my expert are protected from discovery?" ], "issue_tags": [ "family-law", "civil-discovery", "expert-witness", "disclosure", "medical-records", "work-product", "deposition" ], "synonyms": [ "Family Code discovery rules", "civil action discovery procedures", "expert witness disclosure rules", "Texas family law discovery", "discovery in family law cases" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "1", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/HS/1.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/1.json", "summary": "Chapter 1 of the Texas Health and Safety Code explains why the code exists and how it is organized. It sets out rules for interpreting the code, defines key terms like public swimming pool and licensed practitioner, and requires certain reports to be filed by December 1 each year. The chapter also clarifies how references to other statutes are handled and removes outdated provisions.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the purpose of the Texas Health and Safety Code?", "How does the code say statutes should be organized and cited?", "What does the term 'public swimming pool' mean under this code?", "What is an 'artificial swimming lagoon' according to the code?", "Who is considered a 'licensed practitioner' in this code?", "How are internal references to sections or chapters interpreted?", "When must reports required by this code be submitted?", "Does the Code Construction Act apply to the Health and Safety Code?", "What happens to repealed or ineffective provisions in this code?" ], "issue_tags": [ "code-purpose", "statutory-construction", "definitions", "reporting-deadlines", "health-safety-code" ], "synonyms": [ "General Provisions Chapter", "Chapter 1 Health and Safety Code", "Introductory provisions", "Statutory organization rules", "Definitions section" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "11", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 11. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/HS/11.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/11.json", "summary": "This chapter provides the basic definitions for the main health agencies and officials in Texas. It explains what the Health and Human Services Commission, the commissioner of state health services, the Department of State Health Services, and the executive commissioner are. These definitions are used throughout the health code to identify who does what.", "questions_answered": [ "What does the term 'Commission' refer to in Texas health law?", "Who is the 'Commissioner' in the state health system?", "What agency is called the 'Department' under the health code?", "Who is the 'Executive commissioner' in Texas health services?", "What is the Health and Human Services Commission?", "Which office does the commissioner of state health services hold?", "What does the Department of State Health Services do?", "Where can I find the official definitions of health agency titles in Texas?", "How are the main health agencies defined in the Texas Health and Safety Code?", "What are the official names for the health leadership positions in Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-code-definitions", "texas-health-agency", "state-health-structures", "agency-terminology" ], "synonyms": [ "Definitions section", "Glossary of health terms", "Agency definitions", "Health code glossary", "Key term definitions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "12", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 12. POWERS AND DUTIES OF DEPARTMENT OF STATE HEALTH SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/HS/12.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/12.json", "summary": "This chapter outlines the authority and responsibilities of the Texas Department of State Health Services and its commissioner. It covers how the department can inspect public places, set and collect fees for health services, manage licensing, award contracts, integrate health programs, and run special initiatives like the medical advisory board, border health office, and volunteer health corps. It also details how the department handles drug rebates, vaccine fees, and the distribution of tobacco settlement funds.", "questions_answered": [ "What powers does the Texas health commissioner have to inspect public buildings or places?", "How does the department set and collect fees for public health services and vaccines?", "Can the health department require payment for services if someone cannot afford them?", "What are the rules for licensing fees and the term of health-related licenses in Texas?", "How does the department award contracts or grants for health services and equipment?", "What is the role of the medical advisory board in evaluating driver or handgun license applicants?", "How does the department handle drug rebate programs for special health care programs?", "What does the Texas Volunteer Health Corps do and who can volunteer?", "How are border health issues, like vector‑borne diseases, addressed by the department?", "How are tobacco settlement proceeds collected, audited, and distributed to local governments?", "Can the department waive vaccine fees during a public health emergency?", "What procedures does the department follow for unannounced inspections?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-department-authority", "licensing-fees", "public-health-services", "medical-advisory-board", "border-health", "tobacco-settlement", "volunteer-health-corps", "contract-awarding" ], "synonyms": [ "Department of State Health Services powers", "Texas health department duties", "DSHS authority", "state health services responsibilities", "health commissioner powers", "public health department functions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "13", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 13. DEPARTMENT HOSPITALS AND RESPIRATORY FACILITIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/13.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/13.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out how the Texas Department of State Health Services can admit patients to its public health hospitals, especially for tuberculosis and other respiratory diseases. It details the services offered, contracts the department may use, how patients are classified (indigent, nonindigent, nonresident), and rules for nonresident admissions and private accommodations. The chapter also covers the department’s duties, anti‑discrimination rules, and how the state recovers costs from patients or responsible parties.", "questions_answered": [ "Can the state admit a patient with tuberculosis to a public health hospital?", "What are the requirements for a patient to be admitted to a Texas public health hospital?", "How does Texas classify indigent, nonindigent, and nonresident patients in public health hospitals?", "Can a nonresident with TB be treated in a Texas public health hospital, and who pays the costs?", "What services does the Rio Grande State Center provide to the community?", "Can a person with a mental illness or intellectual disability be transferred to a public health hospital without consent?", "What rules can the executive commissioner set for managing public health hospitals?", "Can a charitable organization build private rooms for TB patients at a public health hospital?", "How does the state collect payment from patients or their legally responsible persons?", "Are public health hospitals allowed to discriminate against patients?" ], "issue_tags": [ "tuberculosis-control", "public-health-hospitals", "patient-admission", "indigent-patients", "nonresident-patients", "hospital-contracts", "discrimination-prohibited", "private-accommodations" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Tuberculosis Code", "Department of State Health Services hospital rules", "public health hospital regulations", "Texas TB program statutes", "state hospital admission statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "31", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 31. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE", "url": "/statutes/HS/31.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/31.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a Texas program that offers a wide range of primary health care services—like doctor visits, emergency care, preventive services, and transportation—to low‑income residents who lack other coverage. It sets rules for who can qualify, how they apply, what services are covered, how providers are chosen, and how the program is funded and overseen. The department must track usage, report results, and can recover costs when needed.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is eligible for Texas primary health care services?", "What types of medical care are covered by the program?", "How do I apply for primary health care services in Texas?", "Do I need to be a Texas resident to receive these services?", "Can I still get services if I have other insurance or benefits?", "How does the state select doctors, clinics, and other providers for the program?", "What happens if my application for services is denied or modified?", "Can the program charge fees for the care it provides?", "How is the primary health care program funded and what happens if funds run out?", "What records does the state keep about my health care services?", "How does the program coordinate with other health programs like Healthy Texas Women?" ], "issue_tags": [ "primary-health-care", "eligibility", "provider-selection", "funding", "services-covered", "application-process" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Primary Health Care Services Act", "Primary Health Care Program", "Texas primary care program", "State primary health services", "Chapter 31 health services" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "32", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 32. MATERNAL AND INFANT HEALTH IMPROVEMENT", "url": "/statutes/HS/32.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/32.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a Texas program that provides comprehensive health services for pregnant women, newborns up to one year, and their families, including prenatal, delivery, postpartum, and infant care. It sets rules for who can receive these services, how they are funded, and how they coordinate with Medicaid and other insurance benefits. The law also establishes voluntary perinatal health care systems, grants, special plans for postpartum depression and severe pregnancy nausea, and designates centers of excellence for fetal diagnosis and therapy.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I get state-funded prenatal and delivery care if I’m pregnant in Texas?", "What health services are covered for my baby from birth to 12 months?", "Will this program pay for an abortion if it’s needed?", "How does the program decide who is eligible for maternal and infant health services?", "What happens if the state decides to stop or change my services?", "How are other insurance benefits (like Medicaid or private plans) coordinated with this program?", "What requirements must hospitals and clinics meet to join a perinatal health care system?", "Are there grants available for communities to develop perinatal health care networks?", "What resources does the state provide to help fathers be involved during pregnancy?", "Is there a specific plan for treating postpartum depression in Texas?", "How does the state support women with severe nausea and vomiting (hyperemesis gravidarum) during pregnancy?", "What are the criteria for a health facility to be named a Center of Excellence for fetal diagnosis and therapy?" ], "issue_tags": [ "maternal-health", "infant-health", "perinatal-care", "medicaid-coordination", "postpartum-depression", "fetal-diagnosis", "program-funding", "eligibility" ], "synonyms": [ "Maternal and Infant Health Improvement Act", "Texas maternal health program", "Perinatal health care system", "Healthy Texas Women program", "Fetal diagnosis centers of excellence", "WIC extended hours requirement", "Postpartum depression strategic plan", "Hyperemesis gravidarum plan" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "33", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 33. DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, PHENYLKETONURIA, OTHER HERITABLE DISEASES, HYPOTHYROIDISM, AND CERTAIN OTHER DISORDERS", "url": "/statutes/HS/33.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/33.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a Texas program to screen newborns for certain inherited and metabolic disorders, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, phenylketonuria, hypothyroidism, and other heritable diseases. It requires birthing facilities to perform the tests, creates a state laboratory and approval process for labs, establishes consent and confidentiality rules, and provides follow‑up care and funding through a dedicated account.", "questions_answered": [ "What newborn screening tests does Texas require for my baby?", "Do I have to pay for the newborn screening, and how are the fees determined?", "Can I refuse the newborn screening for my child on religious or personal grounds?", "How is my baby's genetic material handled and when is it destroyed?", "Which laboratories are allowed to perform the newborn screening tests in Texas?", "What happens if the screening shows a possible disorder—who is notified and what follow‑up care is provided?", "How does the state protect the confidentiality of my baby's screening results?", "Can the newborn screening data be used for research, and do I need to give consent?", "What is the Newborn Screening Advisory Committee and what does it do?", "How does the newborn screening program get funded and what is the newborn screening preservation account?" ], "issue_tags": [ "newborn-screening", "heritable-diseases", "consent", "confidentiality", "lab-approval", "funding", "follow-up-care" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas newborn screening program", "heritable disease screening law", "newborn metabolic disorder testing statute", "Health and Safety Code Chapter 33", "newborn screening and treatment act" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "34", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 34. TEXAS MATERNAL MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY REVIEW COMMITTEE", "url": "/statutes/HS/34.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/34.json", "summary": "This chapter creates and governs the Texas Maternal Mortality and Morbidity Review Committee, a 23‑member advisory group that studies pregnancy‑related deaths and severe maternal complications. The committee collects de‑identified case data, analyzes trends, makes recommendations to reduce deaths, and reports its findings to state leaders. It also sets confidentiality rules, provides educational resources, and can receive federal grant funding. Meetings are held at least quarterly and the committee’s work is protected from subpoenas and liability.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Texas Maternal Mortality and Morbidity Review Committee and what does it do?", "How are pregnancy‑related death cases chosen for review in Texas?", "What kinds of data does the committee collect and how is patient privacy protected?", "How often does the review committee meet and can the public attend any meetings?", "What recommendations does the committee make to lower maternal deaths and severe complications?", "What reports does the committee have to submit to the governor and legislature?", "Are committee members or staff immune from lawsuits for their work?", "Can hospitals be required to provide medical records for a maternal death review?", "What resources are available for screening substance use and domestic violence in pregnant women?", "How does the committee handle confidentiality and privilege of its work product?", "What funding sources can support the committee’s activities?", "How does Texas coordinate telehealth programs for prenatal and postpartum care?" ], "issue_tags": [ "maternal-mortality", "severe-maternal-morbidity", "data-privacy", "health-data-review", "committee-governance", "reporting", "perinatal-care" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Maternal Mortality Review Committee", "TM&MRC", "maternal death review program", "pregnancy‑related death review board", "Texas maternal health oversight committee", "maternal morbidity review board" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "35", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 35. CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL HEALTH CARE NEEDS", "url": "/statutes/HS/35.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/35.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a state program that helps children under 21 who have chronic physical, developmental, or cystic fibrosis conditions. It defines who qualifies, outlines the range of services—like diagnosis, rehabilitation, case management, family support, and health‑benefits coverage—and sets rules for providers, telemedicine, and cost sharing. The program also covers transportation, burial assistance for children who die while receiving services, and how the state recovers costs.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is considered a child with special health care needs in Texas?", "What types of medical and support services are available for these children?", "How can a family apply for the special health care needs program?", "What income or insurance criteria determine eligibility for services?", "Will my child have to pay premiums, deductibles, or copays under this program?", "Can my child receive care through telemedicine and will providers be reimbursed?", "How does the program handle transportation and burial costs if a child dies while receiving services?", "What is the process for selecting and approving doctors, dentists, and other providers?", "What happens if my child already has other health insurance or benefits?", "How does the state recover costs if a family does not pay their share?" ], "issue_tags": [ "children-special-health-needs", "eligibility-criteria", "rehabilitation-services", "case-management", "health-benefits-coverage", "telemedicine-reimbursement", "cost-sharing" ], "synonyms": [ "Children with Special Health Care Needs Services Act", "Texas CSHCN program", "Special health care needs child services", "Child special health care program", "Special needs child health services" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "36", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 36. SPECIAL SENSES AND COMMUNICATION DISORDERS", "url": "/statutes/HS/36.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/36.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a state program to find and treat vision, hearing, speech, and language problems in children from birth to age 20. Schools must screen students for these disorders, keep records, and coordinate with qualified providers to offer remedial services when needed. The law also sets rules for eligibility, reimbursement, and who can perform the screenings.", "questions_answered": [ "Do my child have to be screened for vision and hearing when they start preschool or school?", "What if my religious beliefs prevent my child from being screened?", "Can a school use an electronic eye chart instead of a printed one for vision testing?", "Who is allowed to conduct hearing and speech screenings in Texas schools?", "What records does the school keep about my child's screening results?", "How does my child become eligible for remedial services for a communication disorder?", "Will my insurance or other benefits affect my child's eligibility for state-provided services?", "Will I have to pay any fees for the remedial services, or can I be reimbursed?", "What happens if I don’t reimburse the department for services my child received?", "Can a volunteer help with the school’s screening program?", "What types of remedial services are available for children with special senses disorders?", "How does the state ensure the quality of the screening program?" ], "issue_tags": [ "special-senses", "communication-disorders", "school-screening", "remedial-services", "eligibility", "reimbursement" ], "synonyms": [ "Special Senses and Communication Disorders Act", "Texas vision and hearing screening program", "early detection program for speech and language disorders", "state special senses screening law", "school-based special senses services" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "37", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 37. ABNORMAL SPINAL CURVATURE IN CHILDREN", "url": "/statutes/HS/37.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/37.json", "summary": "Texas requires public and private schools to screen children for abnormal spinal curvature, using rules based on the latest scientific research. Parents are notified of the screening purpose, can opt out for recognized religious reasons, and receive reports if a problem is found. The health department trains and certifies screeners, coordinates with schools, and may use funding and contracts to support the program.", "questions_answered": [ "Do schools have to screen children for scoliosis or other spinal curvature problems?", "What ages or grades are children required to be screened for abnormal spinal curvature?", "Can I refuse the school screening for my child on religious grounds?", "What information will the school give me before the screening takes place?", "What happens if the screening suggests my child might have abnormal spinal curvature?", "Who is allowed to perform the spinal screening at my child's school?", "Do schools have to pay for the screening or can they charge parents?", "Can a doctor’s exam replace the school’s screening for my child?", "What paperwork is needed to claim a religious exemption from the screening?", "How does the state ensure the quality and consistency of the screenings?" ], "issue_tags": [ "scoliosis-screening", "school-health", "religious-exemption", "parental-notice", "screening-qualifications", "reporting", "funding" ], "synonyms": [ "abnormal spinal curvature screening", "scoliosis detection program", "school spine screening", "Texas spine screening law", "child spinal curvature screening" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "40", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 40. EPILEPSY", "url": "/statutes/HS/40.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/40.json", "summary": "Chapter 40 of the Texas Health and Safety Code creates a state‑run epilepsy program that provides diagnosis, treatment, and support services to people with epilepsy. The health department can set eligibility rules, appoint an administrator, charge fees, and use public or private funds and contracts to run the program.", "questions_answered": [ "What does the Texas epilepsy program do?", "How does Texas define epilepsy in its statutes?", "Who is eligible for the state epilepsy program?", "What kinds of services are offered through the program?", "Can the program charge patients a fee for epilepsy services?", "How is the epilepsy program funded?", "Who administers the epilepsy program in Texas?", "What rules determine eligibility for epilepsy services?", "Can the health department contract with other agencies to provide epilepsy care?", "How can I apply for epilepsy treatment under this program?", "Does the program include support services beyond medical treatment?", "Can private donations be used to support the epilepsy program?" ], "issue_tags": [ "epilepsy-program", "health-services", "eligibility-rules", "state-funding", "medical-support", "texas-health-code" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas epilepsy program", "state epilepsy services", "epilepsy health program", "epilepsy initiative", "Chapter 40 epilepsy" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "41", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 41. HEMOPHILIA", "url": "/statutes/HS/41.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/41.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a state‑run Hemophilia Assistance Program that helps Texans with hemophilia obtain blood‑factor replacement products when they cannot afford the full cost. It sets eligibility standards, requires reimbursement if other insurance or benefits can cover the expense, allows the department to recover unpaid costs, and permits funding through gifts, grants, and other sources.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is eligible for the Texas hemophilia assistance program?", "What types of hemophilia treatment does the program cover?", "Can the program help me pay for insurance premiums as well as the medication?", "Do I have to pay part of the cost if I have other insurance or benefits?", "What counts as an \"other benefit\" that might make me ineligible for assistance?", "How does the state determine if a family member or legal supporter must contribute to the cost?", "What happens if I receive a reimbursement from another program after getting state assistance?", "Can the state recover money from me or a third party if I don’t reimburse the program?", "Who administers the hemophilia assistance program and how can I contact them?", "What sources of funding does the program use, and can private donations be accepted?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hemophilia-assistance", "financial-eligibility", "reimbursement", "state-funding", "medical-benefits" ], "synonyms": [ "Hemophilia Assistance Program", "Texas Hemophilia Benefit", "Blood Factor Replacement Assistance", "Hemophilia financial aid", "Hemophilia treatment assistance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "42", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 42. KIDNEY HEALTH CARE", "url": "/statutes/HS/42.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/42.json", "summary": "The Texas Kidney Health Care Act creates a state-run program to provide and coordinate care for people with end‑stage renal disease, including dialysis and related treatments. It sets up eligibility rules, funding sources, and partnerships with providers, and it oversees the distribution of dialysis supplies, research, education, and reporting on kidney health services.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is eligible for kidney health care services under Texas law?", "How does Texas determine if a patient can receive dialysis or other kidney treatments?", "Can a patient choose their own doctor, dialysis center, or treatment method?", "What happens if a patient already has insurance or other benefits that cover dialysis?", "How does the state handle the distribution of dialysis drugs and equipment?", "What are the requirements for labs reporting kidney function test results in Texas?", "How does Texas recover costs if a patient receives other benefits for kidney care?", "What types of research or educational programs does Texas fund for kidney disease?", "Can the state provide financial help for dialysis premiums or equipment?", "How are contracts with providers selected and what rights do providers have if a contract is disputed?" ], "issue_tags": [ "kidney-care", "end-stage-renal-disease", "dialysis-funding", "eligibility", "state-program", "medical-equipment", "reimbursement" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Kidney Health Care Act", "Texas kidney program", "state kidney health care program", "Texas end‑stage renal disease program", "Texas dialysis assistance law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "43", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 43. ORAL HEALTH IMPROVEMENT", "url": "/statutes/HS/43.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/43.json", "summary": "The Texas Oral Health Improvement Act creates a state‑run program to boost oral health. It lets the health department run activities such as water fluoridation, school fluoride rinses, sealant programs, public education, and outreach to help low‑income residents get dental care. The department can also set rules, collect data, and report on oral health needs.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas promote dental health in schools?", "What does the state do to prevent cavities and other oral diseases?", "Can the Texas health department add fluoride to community water supplies?", "What programs are available to help low‑income Texans access dental care?", "Who decides which oral health services the state provides?", "What public education efforts are included in Texas’s oral health program?", "How does the state support dentists in underserved areas?", "What kind of data does the health department collect about oral health needs?", "Does Texas require or encourage sealant programs for children?", "What is the Texas Oral Health Improvement Act?", "How are oral health services funded and administered in Texas?", "What rules govern the state’s oral health improvement program?" ], "issue_tags": [ "oral-health", "public-health", "dental-care-access", "fluoride-programs", "health-education", "low-income-services" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Oral Health Improvement Act", "Chapter 43 Oral Health Improvement", "Oral health services program", "Texas dental health program", "State oral health initiative" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "45", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 45. DISTRIBUTION OF CHILD PASSENGER SAFETY SEAT SYSTEMS", "url": "/statutes/HS/45.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/45.json", "summary": "This chapter lets the Texas Health Department set up a program that gives free child car seats to low‑income families. The program can use new or donated used seats, and the commissioner can write rules about who qualifies. It’s a way to improve child passenger safety by providing seats to those who can’t afford them.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I get a free child car seat in Texas?", "Who is eligible for the child passenger safety seat program?", "Can donated or used car seats be given out through the program?", "Which state agency runs the child safety seat distribution?", "What rules determine eligibility for a free child seat?", "How does Texas help low‑income families with child car seats?", "Can I donate a child car seat to the state program?", "What types of child passenger safety seats are covered?", "Is there a statewide program for child car seats?", "How do I apply for a child safety seat from the program?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-passenger-safety", "car-seat-distribution", "low-income-assistance", "texas-health-program", "eligibility-rules", "donation-program" ], "synonyms": [ "child car seat program", "child passenger safety seat distribution", "Texas child safety seat initiative", "child seat giveaway", "child safety seat assistance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "46", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 46. CONGENITAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS", "url": "/statutes/HS/46.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/46.json", "summary": "This chapter requires the Texas Department of State Health Services to create and share easy-to-understand information about congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) for women who might become pregnant, expectant parents, and parents of infants. The materials must be available in English and Spanish, free of charge, and posted online, with outreach to health‑care providers and community groups. The department also must keep the information up to date and can adopt rules to carry out these duties.", "questions_answered": [ "What is congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV)?", "How can I avoid getting CMV while pregnant?", "Where can I find Texas‑provided information about CMV?", "Are there free CMV pamphlets I can request?", "Does Texas offer CMV education in Spanish?", "What resources are available for families with a child born with CMV?", "Who is responsible for creating CMV educational materials in Texas?", "How does the state inform doctors about CMV risks for pregnant women?", "What preventive steps does Texas recommend for CMV?", "Is there a Texas outreach program about CMV?", "Can I get printed CMV information from the health department?", "What rules guide the Texas CMV education program?" ], "issue_tags": [ "congenital-cytomegalovirus", "health-education", "prenatal-prevention", "public-health-outreach", "texas-health-department" ], "synonyms": [ "congenital CMV", "CMV in newborns", "cytomegalovirus education", "prenatal CMV prevention", "Texas CMV outreach" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "47", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 47. HEARING LOSS IN NEWBORNS", "url": "/statutes/HS/47.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/47.json", "summary": "This chapter requires hospitals and other birthing facilities in Texas to screen every newborn for hearing loss before discharge, unless the parents decline or other specific exceptions apply. It sets up a state‑certified program to track results, provide follow‑up testing, and arrange early intervention services, including testing for congenital cytomegalovirus when needed. The law also outlines how programs are certified, how data is reported and kept confidential, and protects providers from liability when they act in good faith.", "questions_answered": [ "Do Texas hospitals have to test newborns for hearing loss?", "Can I refuse a hearing screening for my newborn?", "What steps are taken if my baby does not pass the initial hearing screen?", "When must a follow‑up hearing test be performed after a failed screen?", "Will my baby be tested for cytomegalovirus if the hearing screen fails?", "Who receives the results of my newborn’s hearing screening?", "What early intervention services are available for a baby diagnosed with hearing loss?", "How does a birthing facility become certified to run the hearing screening program?", "What information from the screening is kept confidential and who can see it?", "Am I protected from a lawsuit if the hospital reports screening data correctly?", "What role do midwives play in the newborn hearing screening process?", "How are parents informed about the screening and their right to decline?" ], "issue_tags": [ "newborn-hearing-screening", "early-intervention", "parental-consent", "data-privacy", "program-certification", "cytomegalovirus-testing", "follow-up-care" ], "synonyms": [ "Newborn hearing loss program", "Infant hearing screening law", "Texas newborn hearing detection statute", "Early hearing detection and intervention requirements", "Newborn auditory screening regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "48", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 48. PROMOTORAS AND COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS", "url": "/statutes/HS/48.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/48.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a state program to train and certify promotoras and community health workers in Texas. It requires anyone who is paid for these services to complete the training and obtain a certificate, while volunteers can choose to train voluntarily. An advisory committee helps shape the training standards and advises on employment and funding issues.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a certificate to work as a community health worker in Texas?", "Is training mandatory for paid promotoras or can I work without it?", "Can I be exempt from the required training if I have many years of experience?", "How do I become a certified promotora or community health worker?", "What agency runs the training and certification program for promotoras?", "What topics are covered in the promotora training program?", "Are health agencies required to use certified promotoras in outreach programs?", "Who decides the standards and guidelines for the training and certification?", "What is the role of the Promotora and Community Health Worker Training and Certification Advisory Committee?", "Can I receive reimbursement for expenses while training as a community health worker?" ], "issue_tags": [ "training-requirements", "certification", "community-health-workers", "promotoras", "advisory-committee", "health-programs" ], "synonyms": [ "promotora program", "community health worker certification", "CHW training and certification", "Texas promotora regulations", "health worker training program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "50", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 50. SEX TRAFFICKING PREVENTION AND VICTIM TREATMENT PROGRAMS", "url": "/statutes/HS/50.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/50.json", "summary": "Texas created a series of programs to help victims of child sex trafficking and to stop sex trafficking. The state designates a university to run a treatment program, offers matching grants to cities that assess local trafficking problems, funds law‑enforcement training, and provides grants for shelters that house trafficking survivors. Money comes from the legislature and private donations, and the health commission oversees the grants and rules.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas set up treatment for child sex trafficking victims?", "Which institution runs the state’s child sex trafficking treatment program?", "Can a city receive a grant to study and prevent sex trafficking in its community?", "What does a municipality need to do to qualify for a matching grant for sex‑trafficking prevention?", "How does Texas fund training for local police to recognize sex trafficking?", "What are the requirements for shelters that want a state grant to house trafficking victims?", "How does the state ensure grant money is used only for victim services and not administrative costs?", "Can private donors or organizations contribute to the sex‑trafficking programs?", "What types of services must a grant recipient provide to trafficking victims?", "How does the health commission monitor and audit the use of grant funds?" ], "issue_tags": [ "sex-trafficking-prevention", "victim-treatment", "grant-programs", "municipal-funding", "law-enforcement-training", "shelter-support" ], "synonyms": [ "Sex trafficking prevention and victim treatment programs", "Child sex trafficking treatment program", "Sex trafficking grant initiatives", "Trafficked persons grant program", "Matching grant for municipal sex trafficking prevention", "State‑funded shelter program for trafficking survivors" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "51", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 51. CANCER CLINICAL TRIAL PARTICIPATION PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/HS/51.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/51.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a Texas program that helps people who join cancer clinical trials by paying for travel, lodging, parking, and other related expenses. An independent third‑party organization runs the program, works with doctors to inform patients, and reimburses based on financial need without it being considered payment for participation. The program can be funded by gifts, grants, or donations and may partner with the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I receive money to cover travel and lodging if I enroll in a cancer clinical trial?", "Does getting reimbursed for trial‑related costs count as payment for participating?", "Who is allowed to run the cancer trial reimbursement program in Texas?", "What types of expenses does the program pay for?", "Do I have to be low‑income to qualify for reimbursement?", "Will my doctor tell me about this program when I consent to a trial?", "Can a family member or friend who helps me get reimbursed for their expenses?", "What laws or regulations does the program have to follow?", "Can the program accept donations or grants to fund reimbursements?", "Does the program need approval from an institutional review board for each reimbursement?", "Is the program required to work with the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas?", "How does the program determine who is eligible for financial assistance?" ], "issue_tags": [ "cancer-clinical-trial", "reimbursement", "ancillary-costs", "financial-assistance", "eligibility", "third-party-program" ], "synonyms": [ "cancer trial reimbursement program", "ancillary cost assistance for cancer trials", "clinical trial participation assistance", "Texas cancer trial financial aid program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "52", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 52. SICKLE CELL TASK FORCE", "url": "/statutes/HS/52.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/52.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a Texas Sickle Cell Task Force to raise awareness and advise the health department on sickle cell disease and trait. It sets out the group’s duties, membership makeup, meeting rules, reporting requirements, and notes that the task force will end on August 31, 2035. The law also explains that members are not paid but can be reimbursed for expenses and may accept gifts or grants to cover those costs.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Texas Sickle Cell Task Force and why was it created?", "Who can serve on the Sickle Cell Task Force and how are members chosen?", "What are the main responsibilities of the Sickle Cell Task Force?", "How often does the task force have to report its activities to the governor and legislature?", "Can members of the task force receive a salary or other compensation?", "Is the task force allowed to accept gifts, grants, or donations?", "What kind of administrative support does the executive commissioner provide to the task force?", "When does the Sickle Cell Task Force expire or get dissolved?", "What education improvements for health care providers does the task force recommend?", "How does the task force help raise public awareness about sickle cell disease and trait?" ], "issue_tags": [ "sickle-cell", "task-force", "health-policy", "public-health", "texas-law", "reporting" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas sickle cell task force", "Sickle Cell Advisory Committee", "State sickle cell task group", "Sickle cell disease task force" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "52A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 52A. SICKLE CELL DISEASE CARE EDUCATION AND TREATMENT", "url": "/statutes/HS/52A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/52A.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a Texas sickle cell task force and requires medical schools and residency programs to teach about sickle cell disease and trait. It also directs the Texas Education Agency, together with community groups, to give public school staff information on sickle cell and to look for ways to improve awareness in schools.", "questions_answered": [ "What does Texas require medical schools and residency programs to teach about sickle cell disease?", "Which types of medical residency programs must include sickle cell education?", "Who is the sickle cell task force and what is its role?", "How does the Texas Education Agency provide sickle cell information to public schools?", "What resources are available for school nurses, teachers, and coaches about sickle cell trait?", "Can medical schools make agreements with other organizations to meet the sickle cell curriculum requirements?", "What steps is Texas taking to improve sickle cell awareness in public schools?", "When did the sickle cell education requirements become effective?", "What community organizations help with sickle cell education in Texas schools?", "Are there any specific duties for school districts regarding sickle cell disease education?" ], "issue_tags": [ "sickle-cell-education", "medical-school-curriculum", "school-health-awareness", "public-school-training", "health-task-force", "texas-health-law" ], "synonyms": [ "Sickle Cell Care Act", "Sickle Cell Education and Treatment Chapter", "Texas sickle cell task force law", "Sickle cell disease training requirements", "Sickle cell public school information mandate" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "52B", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 52B. SICKLE CELL DISEASE REGISTRY", "url": "/statutes/HS/52B.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/52B.json", "summary": "Texas establishes a statewide sickle cell disease registry to collect and store detailed information on patients with the condition. Health care facilities must submit data, but the information is kept confidential, with strict rules on consent, privacy, and limited public disclosure. The department compiles and publishes statistical reports and submits an annual report to the legislature.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the sickle cell disease registry in Texas?", "Which health care facilities are required to report sickle cell cases?", "What types of information are collected for the registry?", "How does patient consent work for inclusion in the registry?", "Can my medical information be released without my permission?", "Are the registry records available to the public or subject to subpoenas?", "What privacy protections apply to the data in the registry?", "How often does the state provide reports on sickle cell disease data?", "Can researchers access the registry and under what conditions?", "What happens if a health care facility fails to submit required data?" ], "issue_tags": [ "sickle-cell-registry", "health-data-privacy", "patient-consent", "medical-records", "state-reporting" ], "synonyms": [ "Sickle Cell Disease Registry", "Texas sickle cell registry", "Sickle cell data collection program", "Sickle cell disease reporting system" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "53", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 53. BONE MARROW DONOR RECRUITMENT PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/HS/53.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/53.json", "summary": "The Texas Health Department must set up a program that teaches residents about bone marrow donation, especially the need for donors from minority groups. It explains how to register with the national donor registry, what medical steps are involved, and where information can be found in hospitals, blood banks, and driver’s license offices. The department creates and shares printed and online materials, and works with public safety and other agencies to make the information widely available.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I learn about becoming a bone marrow donor in Texas?", "Where can I find information about registering with the national bone marrow donor registry?", "Why does Texas need more minority bone marrow donors?", "What medical procedures are required to donate bone marrow or stem cells?", "Can I get bone marrow donation information at my local DMV or driver’s license office?", "What resources does the state provide for bone marrow donor education?", "Who creates the educational materials about bone marrow donation in Texas?", "Where are the state's bone marrow donor recruitment materials posted online?", "Can hospitals or blood banks print the state's bone marrow donation info for patients?", "What does the Texas health department do to promote bone marrow donation?", "How does the state coordinate with the federal bone marrow donor registry?", "What kind of information is available about bone marrow donation in Texas health facilities?" ], "issue_tags": [ "bone-marrow-donation", "donor-recruitment", "public-education", "minority-donors", "health-department", "registry-registration" ], "synonyms": [ "bone marrow donor recruitment program", "Texas bone marrow donation outreach", "state bone marrow donor education", "marrow donor registration initiative", "bone marrow donor awareness campaign" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "54", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 54. THRIVING TEXAS FAMILIES PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/HS/54.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/54.json", "summary": "This chapter creates the Thriving Texas Families Program, a statewide network that provides counseling, education, material aid, and other support services to pregnant women and families as an alternative to abortion. It outlines who can receive these services, which organizations can deliver them, how the program is funded, and how its performance is measured and reported.", "questions_answered": [ "What kinds of help does the Thriving Texas Families Program give to pregnant women?", "Who is eligible to receive services from the program?", "Can a hospital or abortion provider take part in the program?", "What types of organizations can contract with the state to provide these services?", "Are adoption and parenting classes included in the program’s offerings?", "How does the program ensure that participating providers do not support abortion services?", "What funding sources can be used for the program and what uses are prohibited?", "How does the state evaluate the success of the program’s services?", "What reporting requirements do service providers have to meet?", "Can small nonprofit agencies with less than $2 million in revenue apply for program grants?" ], "issue_tags": [ "pregnancy-support", "abortion-alternatives", "state-funding", "service-eligibility", "provider-requirements", "program-evaluation" ], "synonyms": [ "Thriving Texas Families Program", "alternatives to abortion program", "life‑affirming pregnancy support program", "Texas family support network", "state pregnancy assistance program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "55", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 55. LIVING ORGAN DONOR EDUCATION PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/HS/55.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/55.json", "summary": "Texas creates a program to teach residents about living organ donation, especially the need for donors from minority groups. The program explains how to register, the medical checks required, and where information can be found in hospitals, transplant centers, and driver’s license offices. It also develops and shares printed and online materials about living donation.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I become a living organ donor in Texas?", "Where can I find information about living organ donation?", "What medical screening is required to donate an organ while alive?", "Is there a registry I can join to be a living organ donor?", "What resources are available for minority donors?", "Can I get living donor information at my driver’s license office?", "Which hospitals or transplant centers provide living donor education?", "Who creates the educational materials about living organ donation?", "How can I access the online materials about living organ donation?", "Can a tissue bank or eye bank give me information about living donation?", "What does the state do to promote living organ donation?", "Are there printed brochures I can take home about living organ donation?" ], "issue_tags": [ "living-organ-donation", "donor-education", "organ-donor-registry", "medical-screening", "public-information", "minority-donors" ], "synonyms": [ "Living Organ Donor Education Program", "Texas living donor education", "Organ donation education program", "Living donor registry outreach", "Donate Life Texas program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "61", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 61. INDIGENT HEALTH CARE AND TREATMENT ACT", "url": "/statutes/HS/61.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/61.json", "summary": "The Indigent Health Care and Treatment Act sets up a system for providing health care to low‑income Texans who lack other coverage. It defines who qualifies, outlines the duties of counties, public hospitals, and hospital districts to pay for services, and establishes rules for eligibility, reporting, and funding. The chapter also covers how providers are selected, how disputes are handled, and measures to prevent fraud.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is considered an eligible resident for indigent health care assistance?", "How does a county determine if a person qualifies for indigent health care services?", "What basic health services must be provided under the indigent health care program?", "Can a county require a patient to pay a contribution toward indigent health care assistance?", "What is a mandated provider and when must a patient use one?", "How are disputes over a person's residence or eligibility resolved?", "What reporting and documentation does a county have to submit to the state?", "How does the state fund counties that provide indigent health care?", "What are the consequences if a patient fails to report a change in income or resources?", "Can a hospital district place a lien on a tort claim to recover health care costs?" ], "issue_tags": [ "indigent-health-care", "eligibility-standards", "county-responsibility", "public-hospital", "hospital-district", "funding-assistance", "fraud-prevention" ], "synonyms": [ "Indigent Health Care and Treatment Act", "Texas indigent health care program", "county health assistance", "public hospital indigent care", "Texas health care for the poor" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "62", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 62. CHILD HEALTH PLAN FOR CERTAIN LOW-INCOME CHILDREN", "url": "/statutes/HS/62.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/62.json", "summary": "This chapter establishes a state‑run child health plan that provides primary and preventive health care to low‑income, uninsured children who are not covered by Medicaid or other insurance. It defines eligibility criteria, enrollment procedures, covered benefits, cost‑sharing rules, and the role of the executive commissioner and commission in administering the program. The law also sets standards for provider contracts, outreach, fraud prevention, telemedicine services, and special rules for children in juvenile facilities.", "questions_answered": [ "Who can apply for the Texas child health plan?", "What household income level makes a child eligible for coverage?", "How do I enroll my child in the state child health plan?", "What health services are covered under the plan?", "Are there waiting periods or cost‑sharing requirements for the plan?", "How are health plan providers chosen and what standards must they meet?", "Can my child receive care through telemedicine or teledentistry under the plan?", "What happens to a child's coverage if they are placed in a juvenile facility?", "How does the state prevent and detect fraud in the child health plan?", "Is there a toll‑free number or outreach program to get more information?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-health-plan", "low-income-children", "eligibility", "coverage-benefits", "provider-contracts", "telemedicine", "fraud-prevention" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Child Health Plan", "State Child Health Plan", "Child Health Benefits Program", "Low‑Income Child Health Coverage", "Texas child health insurance program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "63", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 63. HEALTH BENEFITS PLAN FOR CERTAIN CHILDREN", "url": "/statutes/HS/63.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/63.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a Texas program that offers health insurance coverage to certain immigrant children who are not eligible for other state health plans. The program is run by the executive commissioner and aims to provide benefits similar to the existing child health plan. It limits cost‑sharing charges and requires participating insurers to be licensed by the state.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is eligible for the health benefits plan for certain children?", "Does this program guarantee health coverage for eligible children?", "Can a child be required to pay premiums, deductibles, or copays under this plan?", "What age limits apply to children who can receive coverage?", "Do children who have lived in the U.S. for less than five years qualify?", "Are qualified alien children covered if they are not eligible for other state health programs?", "What kind of health insurance providers can participate in this program?", "How does the coverage under this plan compare to the regular child health plan?", "Can the state use federal matching funds for this program?", "What income requirements must be met for a child to receive benefits?" ], "issue_tags": [ "immigrant-children-health", "eligibility-requirements", "state-health-program", "cost-sharing", "insurance-provider-licensing" ], "synonyms": [ "Children's health benefits plan", "Health benefits for certain children", "Texas immigrant child health program", "Child health plan for qualified aliens", "Health benefits plan for eligible minors" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "64", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 64. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/HS/64.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/64.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a state-owned teaching hospital account that sits in the general revenue fund. Money in the account can only be given to the Department of State Health Services to help pay for health care for people who cannot afford it. The purpose is to support indigent health services through teaching hospitals.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas fund health care for low‑income or uninsured patients?", "What is the teaching hospital account and what does it do?", "Can money from the teaching hospital account be used for anything other than indigent health care?", "Which state agency receives money from the teaching hospital account?", "Is the teaching hospital account part of the general revenue fund or a separate fund?", "Who decides how the teaching hospital account money is spent?", "Can the teaching hospital account be used to fund non‑health‑care programs?", "What types of health services are covered by the teaching hospital account?", "How does the teaching hospital account support teaching hospitals?", "When was the teaching hospital account created in Texas law?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-healthcare-funding", "indigent-care", "teaching-hospital-account", "state-funds", "health-programs" ], "synonyms": [ "Teaching Hospital Account", "State teaching hospital fund", "Indigent health care financing", "Texas health care funding for the poor", "State-owned teaching hospital account" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "65", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 65. PRESCRIPTION DRUG SAVINGS PROGRAM FOR CERTAIN UNINSURED INDIVIDUALS", "url": "/statutes/HS/65.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/65.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a state‑run program that helps uninsured Texans get lower prices on prescription drugs by using a trust fund and drug rebates. The health commission works with a pharmacy benefit manager to offer discounted drugs, requires modest cost‑sharing from participants, and includes outreach, reporting, and fraud‑prevention measures. The program does not create a new entitlement and is designed to be financially neutral.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is eligible to enroll in the Texas prescription drug savings program?", "How does the program lower the cost of my prescription drugs?", "Do I have to pay a copayment, and how is the amount determined?", "What types of prescription drugs are covered by the program?", "Are drugs used for elective pregnancy termination covered?", "How is the program funded and what is the trust fund?", "What happens if the trust fund runs out of money?", "Can I combine this program with other assistance programs I already use?", "Where can I find a list of drug prices and average costs under the program?", "How does the state monitor the program and prevent fraud?", "What reports does the commission provide to the public and lawmakers?", "When does the program need legislative approval to continue after four years?" ], "issue_tags": [ "prescription-drug-savings", "uninsured-individuals", "health-program-funding", "pharmacy-benefit-manager", "cost-sharing", "program-eligibility", "fraud-prevention" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas prescription drug assistance program", "uninsured prescription drug rebate program", "state drug savings fund", "health commission drug discount program", "pharmacy benefit manager partnership" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "75", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 75. REGIONAL OR LOCAL HEALTH CARE PROGRAMS FOR EMPLOYEES OF SMALL EMPLOYERS", "url": "/statutes/HS/75.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/75.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas counties—or groups of counties—create health care programs for employees of small businesses (2 to 50 workers). The programs can offer insurance, benefits, or direct health services, with costs shared by employers and funded through state money, grants, donations, or premiums. They are overseen by county commissioners courts or designated nonprofit groups and aim to increase coverage, lower costs, and keep small firms competitive.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my small business join a county or regional health care program?", "What size business qualifies as a \"small employer\" under this program?", "How are the health programs for small employers governed and who runs them?", "What types of health coverage or services can the program provide to employees and their families?", "Do employees have to pay a share of the premium or other costs?", "Can a nonprofit organization run a regional health program without county involvement?", "How does the program get funding from the state, grants, or donations?", "What is the health opportunity pool trust fund and how can a program use it?", "What are the eligibility requirements for a program to receive state funding?", "How does the program help reduce the number of uninsured workers?", "Can the program offer health savings accounts or high‑deductible plans?", "Are there limits on where employees can receive care under the program?" ], "issue_tags": [ "small-employer-health", "county-health-programs", "regional-health-programs", "health-benefit-cooperatives", "uninsured-reduction", "state-funding" ], "synonyms": [ "regional health care program", "local health care program", "small business health benefit program", "county employee health plan", "Texas small employer health initiative" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "76", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 76. FEDERALLY QUALIFIED HEALTH CENTER PRIMARY CARE ACCESS PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/HS/76.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/76.json", "summary": "This chapter lets federally qualified health centers set up a primary‑care program that provides services directly to employees of participating small businesses and their dependents. The goal is to expand access, lower costs, and improve health outcomes, while allowing centers to set participation rules, share costs, and receive funding through grants and donations. The Texas Department of Insurance runs a grant program to support these centers and reports on the program’s success.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my small business enroll in a primary‑care program through a federally qualified health center?", "What primary‑care services are available to my employees and their families under this program?", "Will my employees have to pay a share of the cost for the primary‑care services?", "Can a health center require that my employees use only its providers for primary care?", "How does the program help reduce the cost of primary care for small businesses?", "What kinds of funding or grants are available to health centers that run this program?", "Does the Texas Department of Insurance oversee the program or grant funding?", "What reporting or performance requirements do health centers have to meet?", "Are there eligibility criteria for employers or employees to join the program?", "Can the program help my employees qualify for other state or federal health subsidies?" ], "issue_tags": [ "primary-care-access", "small-business-health", "federally-qualified-health-centers", "employer-health-benefits", "health-care-funding" ], "synonyms": [ "Primary Care Access Program", "Employer Health Center Program", "FQHC employee primary care initiative", "Texas health center employee benefit program", "Federally qualified health center primary care access" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "81", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 81. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES; PUBLIC HEALTH DISASTERS; PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/81.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/81.json", "summary": "This chapter gives Texas health officials the power to prevent, track, and control contagious illnesses. It sets rules for reporting diseases, ordering quarantines or area quarantines, handling public health emergencies, and protecting patient privacy. It also covers special programs for HIV testing, partner notification, animal‑related diseases, and workplace exposure to bloodborne pathogens.", "questions_answered": [ "What illnesses must be reported to Texas health authorities?", "Who is required to report a communicable disease and how must they do it?", "What are the penalties for failing to report a disease?", "When can the state declare a public health disaster or emergency?", "What authority does Texas have to order quarantine or isolation of people or property?", "What rights do individuals have while under quarantine or isolation?", "How are HIV test results kept confidential and who can receive them?", "What is a designated infection control officer and what do they do?", "What rules apply to pet stores that sell reptiles in Texas?", "What is the task force on infectious disease preparedness and what does it do?", "How does Texas handle exposure to bloodborne pathogens in the workplace?", "Can a person be forced to undergo HIV testing and what consent is required?" ], "issue_tags": [ "communicable-diseases", "public-health-emergency", "disease-reporting", "quarantine", "HIV-testing", "infection-control", "animal-diseases", "bloodborne-pathogens" ], "synonyms": [ "Communicable Disease Prevention and Control Act", "Texas public health disaster law", "Texas communicable disease statutes", "Texas health emergency statutes", "Texas disease reporting law", "Texas infectious disease control act" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "81B", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 81B. PRICE GOUGING OF MEDICAL STAFFING SERVICES DURING DESIGNATED PUBLIC HEALTH DISASTER PERIOD", "url": "/statutes/HS/81B.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/81B.json", "summary": "This Texas law stops medical staffing agencies from charging excessive fees for physicians, nurses, and related staff during a declared public health disaster. It defines when a disaster period begins and ends, applies to agencies that supply certain licensed professionals, and allows the Attorney General to seek civil penalties up to $10,000 per violation and an injunction. The law also lets the state recover reasonable costs incurred in enforcing the rule.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a medical staffing agency charge higher rates for nurses or physician assistants during a pandemic?", "What is considered price gouging for medical staffing services in Texas?", "When does a designated public health disaster period start and end for staffing price rules?", "Which health care professionals are covered by this price‑gouging restriction?", "Who can enforce penalties for medical staffing price gouging?", "What civil penalties can a staffing company face for overcharging during a disaster?", "Does a federal disaster declaration trigger this Texas price‑gouging law?", "Can the Attorney General sue a staffing agency for excessive fees?", "What courts have jurisdiction over a price‑gouging action?", "Are there any exemptions for medical staffing agencies under this law?", "What costs can the state recover when it pursues a price‑gouging case?", "How is a \"designated public health disaster period\" defined under Texas law?" ], "issue_tags": [ "price-gouging", "medical-staffing", "public-health-disaster", "civil-penalty", "attorney-general", "texas-health-law" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas medical staffing price gouging law", "Texas disaster staffing price controls", "Chapter 81B", "Health and Safety Code price gouging", "Medical staffing services price regulation", "Disaster period staffing price rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "81C", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 81C. PROHIBITED CORONAVIRUS PREVENTATIVE MEASURES", "url": "/statutes/HS/81C.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/81C.json", "summary": "This Texas law stops state and local governments from ordering people to wear masks, get vaccinated, or close private businesses and schools to stop COVID-19, except in specific health, correctional, or certain educational facilities. It defines the limits and the few situations where those rules can still apply.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a city or county require residents to wear face masks for COVID-19?", "Is a local school district allowed to mandate COVID-19 vaccinations for teachers or students?", "May a government agency order a private business to close because of COVID-19?", "Are there any places where a mask or vaccine requirement is still permitted under Texas law?", "Can a jail or prison require inmates or staff to wear masks or be vaccinated for COVID-19?", "Do hospitals owned by the state have to follow the same mask and vaccine bans as other government entities?", "What types of facilities are exempt from the prohibition on COVID-19 mandates?", "Does this law affect charter schools that are open‑enrollment?", "Can a state‑supported living center require masks or vaccinations for COVID-19?", "What happens if a local government tries to enforce a COVID-19 closure order for a private school?" ], "issue_tags": [ "covid-19", "mask-mandate", "vaccine-mandate", "business-closure", "texas-health-law", "government-authority" ], "synonyms": [ "Prohibited Coronavirus Measures", "COVID-19 Prevention Restrictions", "Texas Mask and Vaccine Ban", "Chapter 81C", "Prohibited COVID-19 Mandates" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "81D", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 81D. PROHIBITED CORONAVIRUS VACCINE MANDATES BY PRIVATE EMPLOYER", "url": "/statutes/HS/81D.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/81D.json", "summary": "This chapter stops private (non‑government) employers in Texas from making COVID‑19 vaccination a condition of hiring, keeping a job, or getting a contract. It also bars them from firing, disciplining, or otherwise penalizing anyone who refuses the vaccine, unless the employer is a health‑care facility that can require protective equipment instead. The Texas Workforce Commission handles complaints, can seek court orders to stop violations, and may levy $50,000 penalties per violation unless the employer corrects the harm.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a private Texas employer require me to get a COVID‑19 vaccine to keep my job?", "What actions are illegal for an employer if I refuse the COVID vaccine?", "Does this law apply to contractors and job applicants as well as employees?", "Are health‑care providers allowed to require a COVID vaccine under this law?", "How can I file a complaint if my employer takes adverse action against me for not being vaccinated?", "What agency investigates complaints about vaccine‑related employment actions?", "What penalties can an employer face for violating the vaccine ban?", "Can the attorney general sue an employer for violating this chapter?", "What does the law mean by ‘adverse action’ in the context of vaccine refusal?", "If my employer is fined, can they avoid the penalty by rehiring me or offering back pay?", "What kind of protective measures can a health‑care facility require instead of a vaccine?", "Does this prohibition apply to government employers or only private ones?" ], "issue_tags": [ "vaccine-mandates", "employment-rights", "texas-workforce-commission", "health-care-exemptions", "injunctive-relief", "administrative-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "private employer COVID vaccine ban", "prohibited vaccine mandates Texas", "Texas employment vaccine restriction", "COVID‑19 vaccination employment law", "vaccine mandate prohibition chapter 81D" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "82", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 82. CANCER REGISTRY", "url": "/statutes/HS/82.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/82.json", "summary": "This chapter establishes a statewide cancer registry and requires hospitals, labs, and doctors to send detailed cancer case information to the Texas Department of State Health Services. It sets rules for how the data is collected, kept confidential, and used for research and public reports, and it protects reporting entities from civil or criminal liability.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Texas Cancer Incidence Reporting Act?", "Which health care facilities and practitioners must report cancer cases to the state?", "What specific data must be sent to the cancer registry?", "How soon after a cancer diagnosis must the data be reported?", "Can cancer patient information be released to the public?", "What privacy protections apply to the cancer registry data?", "Are doctors and hospitals protected from liability when they report cancer data?", "What penalties exist if a facility fails to provide the required cancer data?", "Can the cancer registry share information with other cancer registries or researchers?", "Do patients have to undergo any medical exams for the registry?", "What role does the executive commissioner play in the cancer registry?", "When does the department publish reports on cancer data?" ], "issue_tags": [ "cancer-registry", "data-reporting", "patient-privacy", "health-care-reporting", "confidentiality", "liability-immunity" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Cancer Incidence Reporting Act", "Cancer Registry Act", "Chapter 82 Cancer Registry", "Texas Cancer Registry", "Cancer reporting law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "83", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 83. CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE TASK FORCE", "url": "/statutes/HS/83.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/83.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up Texas's Chronic Kidney Disease Task Force, naming who can serve, how they are appointed, and what they must do. The group coordinates statewide prevention, screening, and education about chronic kidney disease, reports its findings to state leaders, and can receive gifts or grants to fund its work.", "questions_answered": [ "Who can be appointed to the Texas Chronic Kidney Disease Task Force?", "How are members of the task force selected and who appoints them?", "What are the main responsibilities of the Chronic Kidney Disease Task Force?", "When must the task force submit its report to the governor and legislature?", "Can the task force receive money or grants from private or public sources?", "Who pays for travel expenses for task force members?", "How often is the need for the task force reviewed?", "What happens if the task force is found to be no longer needed?", "Which state officials receive the task force’s recommendations?", "Are there any restrictions on the race, gender, or other characteristics of task force appointees?" ], "issue_tags": [ "chronic-kidney-disease", "task-force", "health-policy", "public-health", "medical-education", "governance" ], "synonyms": [ "Chronic Kidney Disease Task Force", "CKD Task Force", "Texas CKD task force", "Kidney disease advisory board", "Texas health commission task force" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "84", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 84. REPORTING OF OCCUPATIONAL CONDITIONS", "url": "/statutes/HS/84.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/84.json", "summary": "This chapter establishes the Occupational Condition Reporting Act, which obligates doctors, labs, and other health professionals to report certain work‑related diseases—such as asbestosis, silicosis, and high blood lead levels—to the Texas Department of State Health Services. The department keeps a confidential list of reportable conditions, investigates their causes, and works to prevent them, while setting rules for how reports are made and what information they must contain.", "questions_answered": [ "Which work‑related illnesses must be reported to the Texas health department?", "Do physicians have to report cases of asbestosis or silicosis?", "What laboratory findings are required to be reported as occupational conditions?", "Who is responsible for reporting occupational diseases in Texas?", "What personal information must be included in a report of an occupational condition?", "How does the health department keep reported information confidential?", "Can the health department inspect a workplace for occupational hazards?", "What happens if a lab discovers a high blood lead level in an adult?", "How are new occupational conditions added to the reportable list?", "What does the department do with the data it receives from reports?", "Are employers required to allow sampling during investigations of occupational conditions?", "Where can I find the current list of reportable occupational conditions?" ], "issue_tags": [ "occupational-health", "disease-reporting", "workplace-safety", "confidentiality", "health-department", "inspections" ], "synonyms": [ "Occupational Condition Reporting Act", "Texas occupational disease reporting law", "workplace disease reporting statute", "occupational health reporting requirements", "Texas health department reporting rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "85", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 85. ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME AND HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION", "url": "/statutes/HS/85.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/85.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up Texas's program for HIV/AIDS education, testing, treatment, and prevention. It requires the health department to create and share model educational materials, run testing and counseling services, and develop workplace and correctional policies. It also establishes a grant system for community groups, a medication assistance program for people who aren’t on Medicaid, and rules for home‑collection test kits. Finally, it creates an advisory committee to guide the medication program and oversees confidentiality and infection‑control standards for health‑care workers.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas provide free or low‑cost HIV testing and counseling?", "What educational materials does the state require for employees, schools, and the public about HIV?", "How can a nonprofit organization apply for a state grant to run HIV education or treatment programs?", "Who is eligible for the Texas HIV medication assistance program and how is eligibility determined?", "What workplace guidelines must Texas agencies follow to protect employees with HIV?", "What policies must prisons, police, fire departments, and emergency services follow for inmates or detainees with HIV?", "What are the rules for selling home HIV test kits in Texas?", "How are health‑care workers with HIV or hepatitis B required to follow infection‑control procedures?", "What confidentiality protections exist for HIV test results and medical records?", "What is the role of the Texas HIV Medication Advisory Committee?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hiv-education", "hiv-grants", "hiv-medication", "hiv-testing", "workplace-hiv-policy", "home-test-kits", "healthcare-worker-safety", "confidentiality" ], "synonyms": [ "Human Immunodeficiency Virus Services Act", "HIV/AIDS Services Act", "Texas HIV/AIDS program", "AIDS Services Act", "HIV prevention and treatment statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "86", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 86. BREAST CANCER AND LUNG CANCER", "url": "/statutes/HS/86.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/86.json", "summary": "Texas law requires certified mammography facilities to give patients a written notice about their breast density after a mammogram. The notice explains whether the tissue is dense or not, why that matters for cancer detection, and advises patients to discuss it with their doctor. It also tells patients that the mammogram results will be sent to both them and their physician. The statute makes clear that this requirement does not create a legal right to sue and the information cannot be used as evidence in court.", "questions_answered": [ "What notice must a mammography center give me about my breast density?", "Does Texas law require a written explanation of dense breast tissue after a mammogram?", "What does it mean if my breast tissue is described as dense?", "Will my doctor automatically receive a copy of my mammogram results?", "Can I take legal action if a mammography facility fails to provide the required notice?", "Are the breast density notices allowed to be used as evidence in a lawsuit?", "Do the dense‑breast reporting rules apply to all mammograms in Texas?", "What should I do if my mammogram report says I have dense breasts?", "Which facilities are required to follow this breast‑density notice rule?", "How does the law define ‘dense breast’ and its impact on cancer risk?" ], "issue_tags": [ "breast-cancer-screening", "dense-breast-notice", "mammography", "patient-education", "texas-health-law" ], "synonyms": [ "Breast density disclosure requirement", "Mammography patient notice", "Dense breast information law", "Texas breast cancer screening statute", "Supplemental breast cancer screening info" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "87", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 87. BIRTH DEFECTS", "url": "/statutes/HS/87.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/87.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a Texas program to identify, track, and study birth defects while keeping all related information confidential. It requires health professionals and facilities to report cases, builds a central registry for research, and offers families referrals for medical and financial assistance. The law also protects those who share required data from liability and sets rules for how the data can be used.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the legal definition of a birth defect in Texas?", "Which health professionals or facilities must report birth defects?", "How does the state keep birth defect information confidential?", "Can my child's birth defect data be released to the public or to a court?", "What kind of support does the state provide to families of children with birth defects?", "How can researchers access the birth defect registry and what approvals are needed?", "Am I liable if I provide required birth defect information to the health department?", "What powers does the Texas health department have to investigate birth defects?", "What information is collected for the birth defect registry and how is it used?", "Does the state coordinate birth defect research with neighboring Mexico?" ], "issue_tags": [ "birth-defects", "data-privacy", "health-surveillance", "medical-records", "research-registry", "public-health", "confidentiality" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Birth Defects Monitoring Program", "Birth Defects Registry", "Birth Defects Surveillance", "State Birth Defect Investigation", "Birth Defect Data Collection" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "88", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 88. REPORTS OF CHILDHOOD LEAD POISONING", "url": "/statutes/HS/88.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/88.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a system for reporting childhood lead poisoning in Texas. It tells who must report a child’s high blood lead level, what information must be included, and how the reports are kept confidential. It also lets the health department set policies, keep a registry, and conduct environmental investigations of homes and child‑care sites to find and remove lead hazards.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is required to report a child’s elevated blood lead level?", "What details must be included in a lead poisoning report?", "Are lead poisoning reports considered public records in Texas?", "What steps does the state take after a child is found to have a reportable blood lead level?", "Can a health authority investigate a child’s home or child‑care facility for lead hazards?", "What consent is needed for an environmental lead investigation?", "How does the state keep a registry of children with high blood lead levels?", "What protections exist for the confidentiality of lead poisoning reports?", "What must a physician do if a child dies from lead poisoning?", "What definitions does the law use for terms like ‘lead hazard’ and ‘child‑occupied facility’?", "How does the department promote prevention of childhood lead poisoning?", "What are the reporting procedures if a child’s blood lead level is 45 µg/dL or higher and consent cannot be obtained?" ], "issue_tags": [ "childhood-lead-poisoning", "lead-reporting", "environmental-lead-investigation", "health-data-confidentiality", "child-care-facilities", "public-health-policy" ], "synonyms": [ "Childhood lead poisoning reporting requirements", "Lead exposure reporting rules", "Texas lead poisoning statutes", "Child lead level reporting", "Lead hazard investigation regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "89", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 89. SCREENING AND TREATMENT FOR TUBERCULOSIS IN JAILS AND OTHER CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/89.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/89.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for Texas jails and other correctional facilities to screen employees, volunteers, and inmates for tuberculosis, handle follow‑up testing and treatment, and report cases to health authorities. It also covers who pays for the tests, how medical records are transferred when inmates move or are released, and allows local bodies to adopt stricter standards if they wish.", "questions_answered": [ "Do jail staff and volunteers have to be tested for tuberculosis?", "What steps must be taken if a jail employee tests positive for TB?", "Are inmates required to be screened for TB, and when does the screening need to happen?", "What exemptions exist for TB testing based on religion or medical reasons?", "Who is responsible for paying for TB screening and follow‑up tests for jail workers?", "What medical records must be transferred when an inmate is moved to another facility or released?", "How and when must a jail report a suspected TB case to health authorities?", "Can a local jail adopt stricter TB screening standards than the state requirements?", "What treatment must be provided to an inmate who is diagnosed with TB?", "How is continuity of care ensured for an offender released while receiving TB treatment?", "Do the TB screening rules apply to all jails or only those of a certain size?" ], "issue_tags": [ "tuberculosis-screening", "jail-health", "inmate-care", "employee-testing", "public-health-reporting", "continuity-of-care" ], "synonyms": [ "TB screening in correctional facilities", "tuberculosis testing for jails", "jail TB control", "correctional health TB rules", "TB prevention in prisons" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "92", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 92. INJURY PREVENTION AND CONTROL", "url": "/statutes/HS/92.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/92.json", "summary": "Chapter 92 of the Texas Health and Safety Code sets up a system for reporting certain serious injuries, like spinal cord, brain, and drowning-related injuries, to the state health department. It tells doctors and medical examiners when they must report, gives the department authority to collect and investigate injury data, and requires that all information be kept confidential except in limited circumstances.", "questions_answered": [ "Which injuries are required to be reported to the Texas health department?", "Who must report a traumatic brain injury or spinal cord injury in Texas?", "What information can the health department collect about a reported injury?", "How does the law protect the confidentiality of injury records?", "Can the health department enter a private home to investigate an injury?", "What role does the Texas Department of Insurance play in injury reporting?", "What rules define what counts as a reportable injury?", "How does the department use injury data to prevent future injuries?", "Can a physician be forced to release injury records in court?", "What types of data can be shared between the health department and insurance agencies?" ], "issue_tags": [ "injury-reporting", "confidentiality", "public-health", "department-powers", "data-sharing", "injury-prevention" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas injury reporting law", "Chapter 92 injury control", "Reportable injury statutes", "Injury prevention and control chapter", "Texas health department injury reporting" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "93", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 93. PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND STROKE", "url": "/statutes/HS/93.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/93.json", "summary": "This chapter creates the Texas Council on Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke, outlines how its members are appointed, and sets out the council’s duties to develop prevention plans, public education, and data resources for heart disease and stroke. It also governs the council’s funding, meetings, travel reimbursements, and rules about conflicts of interest and gifts.", "questions_answered": [ "Who can serve on the Texas Council on Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke and how are they chosen?", "How long do council members serve and how are their terms staggered?", "What are the main responsibilities of the council for preventing heart disease and stroke?", "How does the council develop and share public education and outreach programs?", "What kinds of data does the council collect and make available about cardiovascular disease and stroke?", "Can the council receive gifts or grants, and how are those funds handled?", "What conflict‑of‑interest rules apply to council members and their spouses?", "How often must the council meet and how are decisions approved?", "Who decides the presiding officer of the council?", "How are travel expenses for council members reimbursed?" ], "issue_tags": [ "cardiovascular-prevention", "stroke-prevention", "health-council", "public-health-education", "medical-data", "conflict-of-interest", "governance" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke Council", "CVD and Stroke Prevention Council", "Texas Heart Disease Prevention Program", "Texas Stroke Prevention Program", "Council on Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "94", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 94. STATE PLAN FOR HEPATITIS C; EDUCATION AND PREVENTION PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/HS/94.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/94.json", "summary": "Texas requires the health department to create and regularly update a statewide plan to prevent and treat hepatitis C, especially for groups at higher risk. The department must also run an education and outreach program that includes studies, public awareness campaigns, training for clinic staff, and a prevention strategy. Additionally, voluntary hepatitis C testing sites are to be established, and the law protects test results from being used for employment or insurance decisions.", "questions_answered": [ "What does Texas do to prevent and treat hepatitis C?", "How often must the state hepatitis C plan be updated?", "Which groups does the hepatitis C plan focus on?", "What kind of education and outreach does the state provide about hepatitis C?", "Can my employer use my hepatitis C test results to make hiring decisions?", "Where can I get voluntary hepatitis C testing in Texas?", "What protections exist if my hepatitis C test results are misused?", "Who gets to help shape the state hepatitis C plan?", "Does the health department train clinic staff on hepatitis C detection and treatment?", "Will the state estimate the economic impact of hepatitis C?", "Can private companies be hired to conduct hepatitis C testing?", "What legal remedies are available if someone violates the test‑result privacy rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hepatitis-c-prevention", "public-health-plan", "voluntary-testing", "disease-education", "privacy-protections", "high-risk-populations" ], "synonyms": [ "state hepatitis C plan", "hepatitis C education program", "hepatitis C prevention initiative", "Texas hepatitis C strategy", "voluntary hepatitis C testing program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "94A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 94A. STATE PLAN FOR STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; EDUCATION AND PREVENTION PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/HS/94A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/94A.json", "summary": "The Texas Department of State Health Services must create a statewide plan to prevent and treat diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, with special focus on groups like the elderly, young children, and people with certain health conditions. The department also has to run an education and outreach program that informs the public about risk factors, screening, treatment options, and posts this information online, and it must review the plan at least every five years.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Texas state plan for preventing Streptococcus pneumoniae infections?", "Which agency is responsible for developing the pneumococcal prevention and treatment plan?", "How often must the pneumococcal state plan be reviewed or updated?", "What high‑risk groups does the plan specifically target?", "What types of public education and outreach activities are required for pneumococcal disease?", "Where can I find online information about pneumococcal risk factors and treatment options?", "Does the plan allow the department to study the impact of pneumococcal disease in Texas?", "Which other state agencies or public groups must be consulted when creating the plan?", "Are long‑term care facilities included in the pneumococcal prevention strategies?", "How can members of the public participate in shaping the pneumococcal state plan?" ], "issue_tags": [ "pneumococcal-prevention", "public-health-plan", "disease-education", "high-risk-groups", "health-department", "plan-review" ], "synonyms": [ "Streptococcus pneumoniae state plan", "Pneumococcal disease prevention program", "Texas pneumococcal education initiative", "State pneumococcal control plan", "Pneumonia prevention strategy" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "95", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 95. DIABETES", "url": "/statutes/HS/95.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/95.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a statewide program that requires Texas public and private schools to screen students for risk of type 2 diabetes during routine health checks. Schools must record and report the results, and an advisory committee guides how the program is run, including training, data collection, and follow‑up. The law also allows religious exemptions, outlines how records are shared, and mandates periodic reporting to the governor and legislature.", "questions_answered": [ "Do schools have to test students for type 2 diabetes?", "When and how is the diabetes risk assessment performed in schools?", "What age range of students is covered by the diabetes screening program?", "Can a student be exempt from the diabetes screening for religious reasons?", "Who decides the procedures and rules for the school diabetes risk assessment?", "What information must schools keep about a student's diabetes risk?", "How are parents notified if their child is identified as at risk for type 2 diabetes?", "What role does the advisory committee play in the school diabetes program?", "Can schools use their own software to track diabetes risk data?", "What happens to a student's risk assessment record if they transfer to another school?", "Are there grants or gifts that can support the diabetes risk assessment program?", "When does the state report on the diabetes screening program to the governor and legislature?" ], "issue_tags": [ "diabetes-screening", "school-health", "risk-assessment", "public-health", "child-health", "texas-education" ], "synonyms": [ "Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Program", "school diabetes screening law", "Texas diabetes risk assessment statute", "diabetes risk assessment requirements for schools", "Health and Safety Code Chapter 95" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "95A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 95A. REPORTS ON PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF DIABETES", "url": "/statutes/HS/95A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/95A.json", "summary": "This chapter requires the state health commission, working with the Texas Diabetes Council, to create a report every two years that outlines how Texas will address diabetes among Medicaid patients. The report must be finished by December 1 of each even-numbered year and sent to both the legislature and the governor.", "questions_answered": [ "What kind of report does Texas require about diabetes?", "Who is responsible for preparing the diabetes report?", "How often must the diabetes report be prepared?", "When is the deadline for the diabetes report?", "To whom does the diabetes report have to be submitted?", "Does the diabetes report focus on Medicaid recipients?", "What is the purpose of the biennial diabetes report?", "What role does the Texas Diabetes Council play in the report?", "Are there specific dates for submitting the diabetes report?", "What priorities are included in the diabetes report?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-diabetes-report", "biennial-reporting", "medicaid-diabetes", "health-policy", "public-health-reporting" ], "synonyms": [ "Diabetes reporting requirements", "Texas Diabetes Council reporting", "Biennial diabetes report", "Medicaid diabetes priorities report", "Diabetes prevention and treatment report" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "96", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 96. RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS", "url": "/statutes/HS/96.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/96.json", "summary": "Texas law creates a state-run program to track respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in children. Hospitals, clinics, and other health facilities must share case information, which is kept confidential and used for public‑health analysis and education. The law also shields health professionals from liability when they provide the required data, unless they act with gross negligence or willful misconduct.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Texas RSV surveillance program and what does it do?", "Which health facilities have to report RSV cases to the state?", "Do doctors and hospitals have to share my child's RSV test results with the health department?", "Will my personal health information about RSV be kept private?", "Can the state release RSV data to other agencies like the CDC?", "Am I protected from lawsuits if I report RSV information as required?", "What kinds of data does the state collect for RSV monitoring?", "How does the state use the RSV database to improve public health?", "What other state agencies help with the RSV surveillance effort?", "What does “sentinel surveillance” mean in the context of RSV?", "Can I request access to the RSV data that the state has collected?", "Are there penalties for not complying with RSV reporting requirements?" ], "issue_tags": [ "rsv-surveillance", "health-data-privacy", "disease-reporting", "medical-liability", "public-health", "confidential-information" ], "synonyms": [ "RSV sentinel surveillance", "Respiratory syncytial virus reporting", "Texas RSV monitoring program", "RSV data collection", "RSV case reporting", "RSV confidentiality rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "98", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 98. REPORTING OF HEALTH CARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS AND PREVENTABLE ADVERSE EVENTS", "url": "/statutes/HS/98.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/98.json", "summary": "Chapter 98 of the Texas Health and Safety Code sets up a state reporting system for health care-associated infections and preventable adverse events. It requires hospitals and ambulatory surgical centers to submit detailed infection data, makes certain information publicly available, and protects the confidentiality of patient and provider details. The department also provides education, oversees data quality, and can share information with federal agencies for public health research.", "questions_answered": [ "What types of infections must Texas hospitals report?", "Do hospitals have to report infections even if they aren't Medicare participants?", "How often must a Texas health care facility submit infection reports?", "What are preventable adverse events that need to be reported?", "Where can I find the public summary of infection rates for Texas hospitals?", "Can patient or staff names be disclosed in the public reports?", "How does the state protect the confidentiality of infection data?", "Can the Texas department share infection data with federal agencies?", "What training does the department provide to health care facilities about reporting?", "What happens if a hospital fails to comply with the reporting requirements?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-healthcare-reporting", "infection-reporting", "preventable-adverse-events", "hospital-data-privacy", "public-health-surveillance", "healthcare-quality" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas infection reporting law", "Health care-associated infection reporting statute", "Chapter 98 Texas Health and Safety Code", "Texas hospital infection reporting system", "Preventable adverse event reporting law", "Texas HCAI reporting requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "99", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 99. OPEN BURN PIT REGISTRY", "url": "/statutes/HS/99.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/99.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a Texas registry to track service members and veterans who were exposed to open‑air burn pit smoke or other airborne hazards during certain military operations. People can voluntarily add their information, which is kept confidential and shared only with the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. The state also provides online health resources, reports on the registry’s effectiveness, and funds the program through a dedicated treasury account.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I register my exposure to an open burn pit?", "Can a family member register me for the burn pit registry?", "What military operations are covered by the open burn pit registry?", "What personal information will be collected in the registry?", "Will my personal data be kept private and not released publicly?", "How does Texas share registry information with the Department of Veterans Affairs?", "Where can I find health information about burn pit smoke exposure?", "What treatment options are available for illnesses linked to burn pit exposure?", "How do I apply for VA disability compensation for a burn pit‑related condition?", "How can I appeal a VA disability decision that involves burn pit exposure?", "What reports does the state produce about the open burn pit registry?", "How is the open burn pit registry funded?" ], "issue_tags": [ "open-burn-pit", "veteran-health", "exposure-registry", "confidentiality", "VA-coordination", "military-environmental-hazards", "disability-compensation" ], "synonyms": [ "open burn pit registry", "airborne hazards registry", "burn pit exposure database", "veteran exposure tracking", "Texas open‑air burn pit program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "99A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 99A. STATE PLAN FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND RELATED DISORDERS", "url": "/statutes/HS/99A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/99A.json", "summary": "Texas requires the health department to create and run a state plan that educates the public and health professionals about Alzheimer's disease, improves early detection and treatment, supports caregivers, and promotes research. The plan must be developed with input from patients, caregivers, doctors, agencies and researchers, reviewed at least every five years, reported to the legislature every even-numbered year, and can be funded by gifts or grants. The law also makes clear that the plan does not create any new legal duties or liability for anyone.", "questions_answered": [ "What does Texas require the health department to do about Alzheimer's disease?", "How does Texas plan to improve early detection of Alzheimer's?", "What support does Texas provide for caregivers of people with Alzheimer's?", "Who can give input on Texas' Alzheimer's state plan?", "How often must Texas review and update its Alzheimer's plan?", "When does Texas have to report on its Alzheimer's plan to the legislature?", "Can private organizations or individuals donate money to Texas' Alzheimer's program?", "Does the Alzheimer's plan create any new legal duties for doctors or caregivers?", "What kind of research is Texas required to advance under the Alzheimer's plan?", "Which groups are targeted for education about Alzheimer's in Texas?", "How does Texas collect and evaluate information on Alzheimer's prevention and treatment?", "What state agencies are involved in the Texas Alzheimer's plan?" ], "issue_tags": [ "alzheimer-care", "public-health-plan", "caregiver-support", "disease-research", "state-reporting", "health-education", "policy-review" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Alzheimer's State Plan", "State Alzheimer's Disease Program", "Texas Alzheimer's Initiative", "Texas plan for Alzheimer's and related disorders" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "100", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 100. EMERGING AND NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES", "url": "/statutes/HS/100.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/100.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a state program to find, track, and share information about new or neglected tropical diseases in Texas. It tells which health facilities must report cases, keeps patient data confidential, builds a central database, and provides education to health professionals while protecting privacy.", "questions_answered": [ "What counts as an emerging disease in Texas?", "What is a neglected tropical disease under this law?", "Which hospitals, clinics, or other health facilities have to report cases of these diseases?", "How does the state keep patient information confidential when it is reported?", "Can a doctor or hospital be held liable for sharing required disease information?", "What is the sentinel surveillance program and what does it do?", "How does the Texas Department of State Health Services collect data on these diseases?", "What kind of educational materials does the state provide about emerging and neglected tropical diseases?", "Who can access the central database of disease information?", "How are new diseases added to the surveillance program?", "What role do local health units play in monitoring these diseases?", "Will the state reimburse health facilities for the cost of providing medical records?" ], "issue_tags": [ "emerging-diseases", "neglected-tropical-diseases", "disease-surveillance", "health-data-privacy", "medical-records", "public-health-education" ], "synonyms": [ "Emerging and Neglected Tropical Diseases Chapter", "Texas disease surveillance program", "Emerging disease reporting rules", "Neglected tropical disease monitoring", "Texas health department disease data collection" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "100A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 100A. UTERINE FIBROID EDUCATION AND RESEARCH", "url": "/statutes/HS/100A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/100A.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a state‑run electronic database that records demographic information and treatment types for women diagnosed with uterine fibroids, while keeping personal identities confidential. It also requires the health department to post online educational resources about fibroids, highlighting higher‑risk groups and non‑surgical treatment options.", "questions_answered": [ "What data does Texas collect about women with uterine fibroids?", "Is personal identifying information included in the fibroid database?", "Where can I find Texas health department information about uterine fibroids online?", "What treatment options for uterine fibroids are listed besides hysterectomy?", "Which racial or ethnic groups are identified as having higher risk for fibroids?", "Who maintains the uterine fibroid database in Texas?", "Can researchers use the fibroid data for studies?", "When did Texas require the posting of fibroid education materials?", "Is the uterine fibroid database accessible to the public?", "How does Texas protect the confidentiality of fibroid information?", "Which organization works with the health department on fibroid education?" ], "issue_tags": [ "uterine-fibroids", "health-data-privacy", "patient-education", "medical-research", "demographic-health", "treatment-options" ], "synonyms": [ "Uterine fibroid research program", "Fibroid data collection", "Uterine leiomyoma education", "Texas fibroid database", "Uterine fibroid awareness initiative" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "101", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 101. TEXAS COUNCIL ON ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND RELATED DISORDERS", "url": "/statutes/HS/101.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/101.json", "summary": "This chapter establishes the Texas Council on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, defines who can serve on it, and sets out how members are appointed, trained, and removed. It outlines the council’s duties to advise the state, support caregivers, coordinate services, promote research, manage grants, and report its activities every two years. The chapter also details meeting requirements, reimbursement of expenses, and the department’s role in providing administrative support and handling gifts or grants.", "questions_answered": [ "Who can serve on the Texas Council on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders?", "How are council members appointed and how long do they serve?", "What are the main responsibilities of the council?", "Can council members receive a salary or are they only reimbursed for expenses?", "What training must a new council member complete before voting?", "How can a caregiver or member of the public give testimony to the council?", "What reasons can lead to a council member’s removal?", "How does the council obtain and use funding or grants?", "What reports must the council file and to whom?", "What conflicts of interest are prohibited for council members?", "What role does the Department of Aging and Disability Services play with the council?", "How often does the council have to meet and what rules govern its meetings?" ], "issue_tags": [ "alzheimers-care", "council-structure", "caregiver-support", "state-policy", "public-meetings", "conflict-of-interest", "grant-management" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Alzheimer's Council", "Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Council", "State Alzheimer's advisory board", "Texas Council on Alzheimer's", "Alzheimer's support council" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "101A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 101A. DEMENTIA PREVENTION AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF TEXAS", "url": "/statutes/HS/101A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/101A.json", "summary": "Chapter 101A creates the Dementia Prevention and Research Institute of Texas to fund and coordinate research and prevention efforts for dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and related disorders. It establishes grant programs, oversight and peer‑review committees, and rules for funding, reporting, conflict‑of‑interest, and intellectual‑property management. The institute must publish annual reports, undergo independent audits, and will be dissolved unless continued under the Sunset Act by 2035.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas provide funding for dementia, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s research?", "Who is eligible to apply for a grant from the Dementia Prevention and Research Institute of Texas?", "What are the conflict‑of‑interest rules for committee members and grant recipients?", "How are grant funds allowed to be spent and what are the limits on indirect costs?", "What reporting and public‑disclosure requirements must grant recipients follow?", "How does the institute handle patents, royalties, and other intellectual‑property rights from funded research?", "What is the composition and appointment process for the institute’s oversight, peer‑review, and advisory committees?", "What are the limits on the total amount of grant money awarded each fiscal year?", "When does the Dementia Prevention and Research Institute of Texas expire if not continued?", "How are Texas suppliers and historically underutilized businesses considered in grant spending?", "What audits and financial reviews are required for the institute’s activities?", "How can conflicts of interest be waived or investigated under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "dementia-research", "grant-awards", "conflict-of-interest", "institute-governance", "public-reporting", "intellectual-property", "fund-management" ], "synonyms": [ "Dementia Prevention and Research Institute of Texas", "DPIRT", "Texas Dementia Research Institute", "Chapter 101A", "Texas dementia grant program", "Dementia research institute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "102", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 102. CANCER PREVENTION AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF TEXAS", "url": "/statutes/HS/102.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/102.json", "summary": "This chapter creates the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT) to fund cancer research, prevention, and related facilities. It sets up an oversight committee that awards grants, manages a dedicated fund, and can issue bonds, while requiring public reporting and strict conflict‑of‑interest rules. The institute also develops the Texas Cancer Plan and handles intellectual‑property rights from funded projects. The chapter includes sunset and audit provisions to ensure accountability.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas decide which cancer research projects receive state funding?", "Who runs the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas and what are their duties?", "What types of activities can the CPRIT grant money for?", "How are conflicts of interest handled for institute staff and committee members?", "When and how does the institute publish its annual report and grant information?", "Can CPRIT issue bonds to raise money for cancer research, and how are those bonds used?", "What are the rules for intellectual property and royalties from research funded by the institute?", "What is the Texas Cancer Plan and how does the institute help implement it?", "What limits exist on administrative and indirect costs for grant recipients?", "How are Texas businesses and historically underutilized businesses considered in grant spending?", "What happens if a grant recipient fails to meet the terms of their contract?", "When does the institute expire if it is not continued under the Sunset Act?" ], "issue_tags": [ "cancer-research-grants", "texas-institute", "conflict-of-interest", "grant-award-procedure", "public-reporting", "bond-funding", "texas-cancer-plan" ], "synonyms": [ "Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas", "CPRIT", "Texas Cancer Research Institute", "Texas Cancer Plan implementation", "State cancer funding program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "103", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 103. TEXAS DIABETES COUNCIL", "url": "/statutes/HS/103.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/103.json", "summary": "The Texas Diabetes Council is a state‑appointed body that creates and oversees a statewide plan for diabetes education, treatment, and prevention. It includes citizen members with expertise in medicine, nursing, dietetics, public health, and consumer advocacy, plus representatives from several state agencies. The council meets regularly, develops policies, accepts gifts and grants, and reports its work to the legislature and the governor.", "questions_answered": [ "How are members of the Texas Diabetes Council chosen and what qualifications do they need?", "How long do council members serve and how are their terms staggered?", "Can a lobbyist or someone who works for a health‑care trade association serve on the council?", "What training must a new council member complete before they can vote or participate in meetings?", "What are the council’s responsibilities for creating a state diabetes plan?", "How does the council handle public complaints about diabetes services?", "Are council members reimbursed for travel and other expenses incurred while performing their duties?", "Can the council receive gifts or grants from private organizations, and how are those funds used?", "What restrictions exist to prevent conflicts of interest for council members?", "How does the council work with other state agencies to develop public awareness and training programs?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-diabetes-council", "council-membership", "diabetes-policy", "public-health", "state-plan", "conflict-of-interest", "training-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Diabetes Council", "Diabetes Council", "State Diabetes Council", "Texas Diabetes Advisory Council", "Diabetes policy council", "Texas health council for diabetes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "104A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 104A. HEALTH PROFESSIONS WORKFORCE COORDINATING COUNCIL", "url": "/statutes/HS/104A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/104A.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a Health Professions Workforce Coordinating Council to gather data on health‑care workers, spot shortages, and craft a ten‑year strategic plan for Texas. It sets who sits on the council, what data they collect, how they analyze it, and includes a work group and a nursing advisory committee to help with the planning.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Health Professions Workforce Coordinating Council?", "Who can be appointed to the council and how are members chosen?", "What kinds of data does the council collect about health‑care professionals?", "How often does the council produce a strategic plan and where is it published?", "What is the purpose of the council’s work group?", "What does the nursing advisory committee do and who serves on it?", "Which state agencies are represented on the council?", "How are vacancies on the council filled?", "How does the council address shortages of doctors, nurses, and other health professionals?", "What goals does the strategic plan set for the next ten years?", "When must the council release its strategic plan each year?", "Does the department still collect health‑care facility data under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-workforce", "strategic-planning", "data-collection", "nursing-advisory", "state-council", "workforce-shortages", "health-education" ], "synonyms": [ "Health Professions Workforce Coordinating Council", "Texas health workforce council", "state health workforce board", "health professions strategic plan committee", "health workforce advisory group" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "105", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 105. HEALTH PROFESSIONS RESOURCE CENTER", "url": "/statutes/HS/105.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/105.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a state‑run Health Professions Resource Center that gathers and analyzes data on all licensed health and allied‑health professionals, with a special focus on nurses. It requires detailed information on license applications, publishes reports on education, employment, and supply‑and‑demand trends, and may fund grants to reduce workplace violence against nurses. The center works with other state agencies and the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board to avoid duplication of effort.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Health Professions Resource Center and what does it do?", "Which health professionals are required to submit detailed data on their license applications?", "How does Texas track nursing shortages and other health‑profession workforce gaps?", "What kinds of information does the state collect from health professionals for workforce analysis?", "What reports does the council publish about health‑profession education and employment trends?", "Is there a grant program to help reduce violence against nurses in Texas facilities?", "How are fees from the Texas Board of Nursing used to support the nursing resource section?", "Can other state agencies be required to help collect data for the resource center?", "What privacy protections apply to the data collected about health professionals?", "How does the resource center share its findings with the legislature and other state officials?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-professions-data", "nursing-workforce", "workforce-reports", "license-data-collection", "workplace-violence-grants", "state-health-resource-center" ], "synonyms": [ "Health Professions Resource Center", "Texas health workforce data center", "Nursing resource section", "Health Professions Workforce Coordinating Council", "Health professions data collection program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "107A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 107A. CENTER FOR ELIMINATION OF DISPROPORTIONALITY AND DISPARITIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/107A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/107A.json", "summary": "This chapter establishes a state-run Center that leads and coordinates efforts to reduce health and health‑care gaps among racial, ethnic, disadvantaged, and regional groups. The Center works with agencies, universities, community groups, and private partners to share information, provide training, award grants, and promote minority health initiatives. It also manages funding and resources to avoid duplication of existing programs.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Center for Elimination of Disproportionality and Disparities?", "Who is responsible for running the Center?", "What activities does the Center carry out to reduce health disparities?", "How does the Center work with other state and federal agencies?", "Can the Center provide grant funding for community health projects?", "What kind of training or education does the Center offer to state staff?", "How does the Center share information about minority health issues with the public?", "Does the Center receive donations or gifts from private sources?", "How are funds allocated to the Center and what can they be used for?", "How can community groups or organizations get assistance from the Center?", "What resources does the Center provide to help eliminate health disparities?", "Why was the Center created and what problem does it aim to solve?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-disparities", "minority-health", "state-resource-center", "health-equity", "grant-funding", "cultural-competency" ], "synonyms": [ "Center for Elimination of Disproportionality and Disparities", "DEPD Center", "Texas health disparities center", "state health equity center", "minority health coordination office" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "108", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 108. HEALTH CARE DATA COLLECTION", "url": "/statutes/HS/108.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/108.json", "summary": "Chapter 108 creates a statewide system that requires hospitals, physicians, and other health care providers to submit information on charges, services, outcomes, and quality. The department edits, validates, and publishes de‑identified public use data while protecting patient and provider privacy. It also reports trends to the governor and legislature, can charge fees for data access, and imposes civil and criminal penalties for non‑compliance.", "questions_answered": [ "What types of health care data must Texas hospitals and doctors submit to the state?", "How does Texas protect patient and physician identity when releasing health data to the public?", "Can I obtain cost or charge information for a specific medical procedure in Texas?", "What penalties apply if a provider fails to submit the required data?", "How are providers identified in the public use data files?", "What is a public use data file and how can I access it?", "Do individual physicians have to submit data, or only the facilities they work in?", "How does the state collect and report on provider quality and outcomes?", "Can I request health care data from the Texas Department of Health and Human Services?", "Will I be charged a fee to receive health care data, and how are fees determined?", "What processes does the department use to ensure the accuracy of the data it receives?", "What is the role of the institutional review board in approving data requests?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-data-collection", "provider-quality", "public-use-data", "data-privacy", "data-reporting", "penalties", "medicaid-managed-care" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas health care data collection statute", "Chapter 108 Health Care Data Collection", "Texas health data reporting law", "Texas health information system", "Texas health data privacy rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "109", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 109. STATEWIDE BEHAVIORAL HEALTH COORDINATING COUNCIL", "url": "/statutes/HS/109.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/109.json", "summary": "This chapter creates the Statewide Behavioral Health Coordinating Council, which is tasked with developing a statewide behavioral health strategic plan. The council must include specific strategies for substance‑abuse issues, working with the Texas Medical Board and the Texas State Board of Pharmacy to address prevention, treatment, opioid use, service gaps, and to expand treatment capacity across the state.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Statewide Behavioral Health Coordinating Council?", "What does the council’s strategic plan have to include?", "How does Texas plan to address substance‑abuse problems?", "Which agencies does the council work with on substance‑abuse strategies?", "What are the council’s responsibilities regarding opioid abuse?", "How will the council identify gaps in treatment services?", "What actions will the council take to expand treatment capacity?", "When did the council become effective?", "Who develops the statewide behavioral health strategic plan?", "What kinds of programs does the council need to evaluate?" ], "issue_tags": [ "behavioral-health", "substance-abuse", "opioid-use", "treatment-gaps", "strategic-plan", "interagency-collaboration" ], "synonyms": [ "Statewide Behavioral Health Coordinating Council", "Texas behavioral health council", "state behavioral health strategic plan council", "behavioral health coordinating body" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "110", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 110. TASK FORCE ON PATIENT SOLICITATION", "url": "/statutes/HS/110.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/110.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a state task force to look at and suggest ways to stop illegal patient solicitation and related advertising problems in health care. The group is made up of eight experts appointed by the health commissioner and the attorney general, works without pay, and reports its findings and recommendations to the legislature every two years.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Task Force on Patient Solicitation?", "Why was the task force created?", "Who appoints the members of the task force?", "What kind of expertise must task force members have?", "Do task force members get paid for their service?", "Which agencies must provide information to the task force?", "Is the information given to the task force kept confidential?", "How often does the task force have to submit a report?", "What does the task force’s report include?", "What types of conduct is the task force focused on preventing?", "Where is the task force administratively attached?", "Can the public access the information the task force receives?" ], "issue_tags": [ "patient-solicitation", "health-care-advertising", "task-force", "regulatory-enforcement", "texas-health-law" ], "synonyms": [ "Patient Solicitation Task Force", "Task Force on Patient Solicitation", "Health Care Advertising Oversight Group", "Texas Patient Solicitation Committee", "State Patient Solicitation Study Panel" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "113", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 113. TEXAS CHILD MENTAL HEALTH CARE CONSORTIUM", "url": "/statutes/HS/113.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/113.json", "summary": "This chapter creates the Texas Child Mental Health Care Consortium, a partnership of universities, state agencies, nonprofit groups and other entities that works to improve mental health services for children and teens. It sets up child psychiatry access centers, telehealth programs, and special rural initiatives, and provides funding to expand the child psychiatry workforce. The chapter also outlines how the consortium is governed, how consent for minors is handled, and requires regular reporting to the state.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Texas Child Mental Health Care Consortium and what does it do?", "Which schools, agencies, and organizations are members of the consortium?", "How does the consortium help children and adolescents get mental health care?", "What are child psychiatry access centers and how do they work?", "How does telemedicine or telehealth improve access to child mental health services?", "What consent is required for a minor to receive mental health care through the consortium’s programs?", "Can pediatricians be charged for using the child psychiatry access center’s consultation services?", "What funding is available for hiring child psychiatrists and creating fellowship positions?", "How are rural hospitals and health clinics involved in the child mental health access program?", "What reports does the consortium have to submit to the state and how often?", "Who decides the policies and procedures for the consortium’s funding and operations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-mental-health", "consortium-governance", "telehealth", "rural-access", "workforce-funding", "consent-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Child Mental Health Care Consortium", "child psychiatry access network", "child mental health consortium", "Texas child mental health program", "child behavioral health consortium" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "117", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 117. PUBLIC HEALTH FUNDING AND POLICY COMMITTEE", "url": "/statutes/HS/117.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/117.json", "summary": "This chapter creates the Texas Public Health Funding and Policy Committee, appoints its members, and sets out how it operates. The committee defines core public health services, reviews funding sources, and makes annual recommendations to the health department. The health department must report on how it follows those recommendations, and both the committee and department must file yearly reports with state leaders. The committee’s existence is tied to the Sunset Act and will end unless renewed.", "questions_answered": [ "Who makes up the Texas Public Health Funding and Policy Committee?", "How are members of the public health funding committee appointed and how long do they serve?", "What are the main duties of the Public Health Funding and Policy Committee?", "How often does the committee have to meet and can meetings be held by video or phone?", "Does the committee receive any salary or travel reimbursement?", "What reports must the committee and the health department file each year?", "Can the committee use federal grant money for its administrative costs?", "When does the committee’s authority expire if it is not renewed?", "What must the health department do if it decides not to follow a committee recommendation?", "Are the committee’s meetings open to the public under the Open Meetings Act?" ], "issue_tags": [ "public-health-committee", "texas-health-policy", "local-health-entities", "funding-recommendations", "committee-governance" ], "synonyms": [ "Public Health Funding and Policy Committee", "PHFPC", "Texas health funding committee", "state public health policy board" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "118", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 118. PALLIATIVE CARE INTERDISCIPLINARY ADVISORY COUNCIL", "url": "/statutes/HS/118.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/118.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a state‑wide Palliative Care Interdisciplinary Advisory Council to review how well palliative care services are available and to advise the health commission on improving them. The council is made up of doctors, nurses, pharmacists, social workers, spiritual care providers, patient advocates and state officials, meets at least twice a year, and files a biennial report on access, barriers, and patient‑rights policies. It also oversees a public education program about palliative and hospice care. Council members serve four‑year terms, are unpaid except for travel reimbursement.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the purpose of Texas's Palliative Care Advisory Council?", "Who can serve on the state palliative care advisory council?", "How are members of the council selected and how long do they serve?", "How often does the council have to meet?", "What kind of report does the council have to submit and when?", "What topics does the council evaluate in its biennial report?", "What education resources does Texas provide about palliative care?", "Can council members receive compensation for their service?", "What happens if a council seat becomes vacant?", "What professionals are required to be represented on the council?", "How does the council help improve access to palliative care in Texas?", "Does the council create any legal obligations for health providers?" ], "issue_tags": [ "palliative-care", "advisory-council", "health-policy", "patient-education", "access-barriers", "provider-standards" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Palliative Care Advisory Council", "Palliative Care Interdisciplinary Advisory Council", "TX palliative care council", "state palliative care advisory board", "palliative care oversight committee" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "119", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 119. TEXAS HEALTH IMPROVEMENT NETWORK", "url": "/statutes/HS/119.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/119.json", "summary": "The Texas Health Improvement Network is a state‑run group that gathers experts from many health‑related fields to develop policies, research, and best practices aimed at lowering health‑care costs, improving patient experiences, and boosting the overall health of Texans. It operates under the University of Texas System, can accept gifts and grants, and reports its work to the legislature and other partners. An advisory council of appointed leaders guides the network’s priorities and activities.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Texas Health Improvement Network and what does it do?", "Who are the experts that make up the network?", "How does the network try to reduce health‑care costs in Texas?", "What health disparities does the network focus on eliminating?", "Can the network receive private donations or grants?", "How does the network share its findings with the state government?", "What is the role of the University of Texas System in the network?", "How is the advisory council formed and who appoints its members?", "How long do advisory council members serve on the council?", "Are advisory council members paid for their service?", "What kinds of support does the network provide to local communities?", "How does the network evaluate and promote health‑improvement practices?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-improvement-network", "health-care-costs", "health-disparities", "public-health-experts", "university-affiliation", "advisory-council" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Health Improvement Network", "THIN", "state health improvement network", "Texas health improvement program", "health improvement network chapter", "Texas health improvement initiative" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "119A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 119A. PEDIATRIC ACUTE-ONSET NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SYNDROME ADVISORY COUNCIL", "url": "/statutes/HS/119A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/119A.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a state advisory council to give the Texas health commission and legislature guidance on research, diagnosis, treatment, and education for children with sudden-onset neuropsychiatric conditions, including those linked to strep infections and autism. It spells out how members are chosen, how long they serve, how the council meets, reports its findings each year, and notes that members are not paid. The council will continue until 2033 unless the legislature decides to keep it alive.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome Advisory Council?", "Who can be appointed to serve on this advisory council?", "How are members of the council selected and who appoints them?", "How long do council members serve and can they be reappointed?", "What happens if a council seat becomes vacant?", "How does the council decide its actions and who leads it?", "How often does the council have to meet and what counts as a quorum?", "What must the council include in its annual report to the governor and legislature?", "Are council members paid or reimbursed for their work?", "When does the advisory council expire or get reviewed?", "Does the council’s work create any legal duties or cause of action for doctors or schools?", "What topics does the council provide guidance on for children’s health?" ], "issue_tags": [ "pediatric-neuropsychiatric", "advisory-council", "health-policy", "texas-health-law", "child-mental-health", "council-membership" ], "synonyms": [ "PANS advisory council", "Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome Advisory Council", "Texas pediatric neuropsychiatric advisory board", "advisory group for pediatric neuropsychiatric disorders", "state council on sudden-onset child mental health conditions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "119B", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 119B. TEXAS NUTRITION ADVISORY COMMITTEE", "url": "/statutes/HS/119B.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/119B.json", "summary": "This chapter creates the Texas Nutrition Advisory Committee, a group appointed by the governor to study how food, especially ultra‑processed items, affects health and to develop state nutrition guidelines. The committee must report its findings each year, post the guidelines online, and follows strict conflict‑of‑interest rules. Members serve four‑year staggered terms, and the committee will be dissolved on December 31, 2032.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is responsible for creating Texas nutrition guidelines?", "How are members of the Texas Nutrition Advisory Committee selected?", "What qualifications must committee members have?", "Can someone who owns a food or supplement company serve on the committee?", "What topics does the committee have to study and report on?", "How often must the committee submit an annual report and what must it include?", "Where can the public find the state’s nutrition guidelines online?", "How long do committee members serve and are their terms staggered?", "When does the Texas Nutrition Advisory Committee expire?", "Who can adopt rules to implement this committee’s work?" ], "issue_tags": [ "nutrition-guidelines", "advisory-committee", "conflict-of-interest", "public-health", "ultra-processed-foods", "state-policy" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Nutrition Advisory Committee", "state nutrition panel", "Texas nutrition guidelines committee", "nutrition advisory board", "TX nutrition committee" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "120", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 120. TASK FORCE OF BORDER HEALTH OFFICIALS", "url": "/statutes/HS/120.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/120.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a Task Force of Border Health Officials to advise the state health commissioner on health problems affecting the Texas‑Mexico border area. The task force studies issues, makes recommendations, and helps create short‑ and long‑term health improvement plans, meeting at least quarterly and reporting every even‑numbered year. It includes local health directors, legislative appointees, and other members, and will end unless renewed.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Task Force of Border Health Officials?", "Who can serve on the border health task force?", "What are the main duties of the border health task force?", "How often does the task force have to meet?", "What reports must the task force submit and when?", "What are the short‑term and long‑term health plans for the border region?", "When does this chapter expire if it is not continued?", "Do task force members get paid or reimbursed for expenses?", "How does the task force work with health agencies in Mexico?", "What specific health issues does the task force focus on?", "Who appoints the chair and vice chair of the task force?", "What happens if the task force is not continued under the Sunset Act?" ], "issue_tags": [ "border-health", "public-health-task-force", "health-policy", "texas-mexico-border", "health-planning", "government-task-force" ], "synonyms": [ "Task Force of Border Health Officials", "Border Health Task Force", "Texas Border Health Advisory Group", "Border Region Health Committee" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "121", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 121. LOCAL PUBLIC HEALTH REORGANIZATION ACT", "url": "/statutes/HS/121.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/121.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up how Texas cities, counties, and districts organize public health services. It explains how health authorities are appointed, how local health departments and districts are created, what powers they have, and how they can charge fees or receive state grants. It also covers cooperation between agencies, rules for mobile food vendors, and the formation of public health boards and regions.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a city or county create a local health department?", "Who can be appointed as a health authority and what are their duties?", "Can a municipality or county charge fees for public health services and how are those fees limited?", "What grants are available for essential public health services and how are they distributed?", "How are public health districts formed and what members can join them?", "What is the process for appointing a health authority in an area that has no health department?", "Can a health authority delegate its duties to another qualified physician?", "What rules apply to mobile food units and roadside food vendors in large Texas cities?", "How are public health regions designated and who leads them?", "What are the requirements for establishing a public health board or advisory committee?" ], "issue_tags": [ "local-public-health", "health-authority", "public-health-district", "health-department-fees", "public-health-grants", "mobile-food-regulation", "public-health-board" ], "synonyms": [ "Local Public Health Reorganization Act", "Chapter 121 of the Health and Safety Code", "Texas health authority statutes", "local health unit provisions", "public health district formation rules", "state public health organization law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "122", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 122. POWERS AND DUTIES OF COUNTIES AND MUNICIPALITIES RELATING TO PUBLIC HEALTH", "url": "/statutes/HS/122.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/122.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas counties and cities raise money, create health units, and run clinics, hospitals, and other health services. It also gives them authority to adopt health rules, enforce quarantine, fine violations, and hire nurses for public schools. Voter approval is required for certain taxes, and donated funds can be used to support local hospitals.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my county levy a tax to fund a health unit?", "What is the maximum tax rate a county can charge for a health unit?", "Do voters have to approve a health unit tax before it can be imposed?", "How does a small county set up a medical clinic?", "Can a county keep operating a clinic if its population later exceeds the limit?", "What powers does a city have to prevent or control communicable diseases?", "Can a municipality use a donation to fund a local hospital?", "What can a city do to enforce health rules, like quarantine, and can it fine people who break them?", "How can a county hire nurses to work in public schools?", "What health services can a county health unit provide for indigent residents who aren’t covered by other programs?" ], "issue_tags": [ "county-health-funding", "municipal-health-authority", "health-unit-tax", "public-health-clinics", "school-nurse-employment", "hospital-donation-funds", "quarantine-enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "local public health powers", "county health unit authority", "municipal health regulations", "public health taxation", "health unit funding statutes", "local health services law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "141", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 141. YOUTH CAMPS", "url": "/statutes/HS/141.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/141.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a licensing system for Texas youth camps that are not overseen by the Department of Family and Protective Services. It requires camps to meet health and safety standards, maintain emergency plans, undergo inspections, and follow rules about floodplain cabins, internet connectivity, staff training, and reporting abuse. The department can issue, renew, suspend, or revoke licenses and impose civil or administrative penalties for non‑compliance.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a state license to operate a day or residential youth camp in Texas?", "What health and safety standards must a Texas youth camp meet?", "How often must a youth camp renew its license and what triggers a renewal filing?", "Can a youth camp get a waiver or exemption from the licensing requirements?", "What are the emergency‑plan requirements for a youth camp, and how are they approved?", "Are cabins allowed to be built in floodplains or floodways at a youth camp?", "What training and background‑check requirements apply to camp staff and volunteers?", "How does the department inspect youth camps and what records must be kept?", "What penalties can be imposed for violations of the youth camp rules?", "Does a youth camp have to post its license or compliance information online?", "What internet service requirements are imposed on youth camps?", "How can a camp appeal a denied license or a revocation decision?" ], "issue_tags": [ "youth-camp-licensing", "health-safety-standards", "emergency-plans", "floodplain-restrictions", "staff-training", "inspections", "penalties", "online-registry" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Youth Camp Safety and Health Act", "Youth Camp Regulations", "Youth Camp License Law", "Texas Youth Camp Code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "142", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 142. HOME AND COMMUNITY SUPPORT SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/HS/142.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/142.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for licensing and regulating agencies that provide home health, hospice, habilitation, and personal assistance services in Texas. It defines the types of services, who must be licensed, how to apply, what standards must be met, and how the state monitors compliance. The law also outlines penalties, complaint processes, and special provisions for medication administration and disposal.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to start a home health or hospice agency in Texas?", "What services are covered by a home and community support services license?", "Can a nurse or therapist provide home health services without a license?", "How do I apply for a license or renew an existing one for personal assistance services?", "What are the penalties if I operate without the proper license?", "What are the requirements for administering medication in a home health setting?", "How does the state handle complaints and investigations of home health agencies?", "What are the rules for disposing of unused controlled substance drugs in hospice care?", "Can a hospice operate an inpatient unit without a separate license?", "What exemptions exist for individuals who provide care in a private residence?" ], "issue_tags": [ "home-health-licensing", "hospice-regulation", "personal-assistance-services", "medication-administration", "complaint-investigation", "penalties-and-fines" ], "synonyms": [ "home health agency licensing", "Texas hospice licensing", "personal care service regulation", "home and community support services law", "HCSS licensing rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "142A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 142A. SUPPORTIVE PALLIATIVE CARE SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/HS/142A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/142A.json", "summary": "This chapter defines supportive palliative care as physician‑directed, team‑based care for anyone with a serious illness, no matter their age or prognosis. It can be given at the same time as curative treatments and aims to improve quality of life by addressing physical, emotional, social, cultural and spiritual needs, and by helping patients and families understand treatment options and make informed choices.", "questions_answered": [ "What is supportive palliative care?", "Can palliative care be provided while a patient is still receiving curative treatment?", "Does a patient’s age affect eligibility for supportive palliative care in Texas?", "What types of needs does supportive palliative care address?", "Who leads the supportive palliative care team?", "How does supportive palliative care help families of seriously ill patients?", "What does ‘interdisciplinary’ mean in the context of palliative care?", "Does supportive palliative care include help with treatment decisions and informed consent?", "Is supportive palliative care the same as other forms of palliative care?", "How does Texas law refer to palliative care in other statutes?" ], "issue_tags": [ "supportive-palliative-care", "interdisciplinary-care", "quality-of-life", "serious-illness", "patient-family-centered", "texas-health-law" ], "synonyms": [ "palliative care", "supportive palliative services", "physician-directed palliative care", "interdisciplinary palliative care", "life-limiting illness care" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "143", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 143. INDUSTRIAL HOMEWORK", "url": "/statutes/HS/143.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/143.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for \"industrial homework,\" where employers send materials to people to make products in their homes. It requires employers to obtain a state permit and home workers to get a certificate, imposes health and record‑keeping standards, and gives the board power to inspect, suspend, or ban such work. Violations can lead to fines, jail time, or loss of permits.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a state permit to send work materials to someone's home?", "Can I work from home making products for a company without a homeworker's certificate?", "What health requirements must a home worker meet to be eligible?", "How long are employer permits and homeworker certificates valid?", "What can the board do if a home worker or employer breaks the rules?", "Can an employer deliver materials to a home without a permit or certificate?", "What records does an employer have to keep for home‑based work?", "What labeling must be on the packages sent to a home worker?", "What are the penalties for violating the industrial homework regulations?", "Can the board ban a certain type of home‑based manufacturing?", "Who can apply for a permit if the employer is out of state?", "Are there age restrictions for people who want to work from home?" ], "issue_tags": [ "industrial-homework", "employer-permit", "homeworker-certificate", "health-standards", "board-enforcement", "record-keeping", "labeling" ], "synonyms": [ "home-based manufacturing", "homework", "industrial homework", "home production", "home-based work permits", "homeworker regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "144", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 144. RENDERERS", "url": "/statutes/HS/144.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/144.json", "summary": "This chapter sets health and safety rules for businesses that collect, transport, store, and process dead animals and other animal or plant waste. It requires sanitary operating procedures, detailed record‑keeping, proper vehicle and container standards, and controls to prevent disease and nuisance. The regulations also cover employee facilities, waste treatment, and enforcement mechanisms.", "questions_answered": [ "What regulations apply to companies that collect and dispose of dead animals?", "Do rendering businesses have to keep a log of each dead animal they pick up?", "How long can a dead animal be stored before it must be processed?", "What sanitation standards must a rendering plant follow for floors, equipment, and employee hygiene?", "Can a rendering truck also be used to transport food products for human consumption?", "What are the requirements for containers used to collect dead animals or renderable raw materials?", "What vehicle requirements are needed for transporting dead animals or waste oils?", "What waste treatment rules must a rendering establishment follow to protect water and the environment?", "Are there specific toilet and hand‑washing facilities that must be provided for employees?", "What actions are prohibited for rendering businesses, such as processing animals for human food or stealing recyclable oil?" ], "issue_tags": [ "rendering-operations", "animal-waste", "sanitation", "record-keeping", "vehicle-standards", "waste-management", "regulatory-compliance" ], "synonyms": [ "rendering business regulations", "dead animal handling rules", "animal waste processing standards", "rendering establishment requirements", "Texas rendering code", "renderable raw material statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "145", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 145. TANNING FACILITIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/145.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/145.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for businesses that let people use tanning devices. It requires written warnings, visible signs, a knowledgeable operator on site, and detailed record‑keeping. It also bans false safety claims and outlines civil and criminal penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "What written warnings must a tanning salon give to customers?", "What signs does a tanning facility have to post and where?", "Do tanning salons need a trained operator present during business hours?", "What records must a tanning facility keep about each user and for how long?", "Can a tanning salon claim that using a tanning bed is safe or has health benefits?", "What age restrictions apply to using tanning devices in Texas?", "What protective eyewear requirements are required for tanning device users?", "What are the penalties if a tanning facility breaks these rules?", "Can a tanning salon share my usage records with anyone?", "What is the Fitzpatrick skin type scale and why is it used at tanning facilities?", "Are medical phototherapy devices covered by these tanning regulations?", "What cleaning and sanitation duties does a tanning facility have for the equipment?" ], "issue_tags": [ "tanning-facilities", "ultraviolet-safety", "consumer-protection", "record-keeping", "age-restrictions", "signage-requirements", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "tanning salon regulations", "indoor tanning rules", "tanning booth statutes", "UV tanning device law", "Texas tanning facility code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "146", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 146. TATTOO AND CERTAIN BODY PIERCING STUDIOS", "url": "/statutes/HS/146.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/146.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for tattoo and body‑piercing businesses in Texas. It requires owners and practitioners to obtain a state license, follow strict health and sanitation standards, keep client records, and meet age and consent requirements. The law also outlines exemptions, penalties, and special training for employees.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a state license to open a tattoo studio in Texas?", "Can I operate a body‑piercing studio without a license?", "Are ear‑piercing shops exempt from the licensing requirements?", "What are the age limits for getting a tattoo or a body piercing?", "What consent is required for minors to get a tattoo or piercing?", "What sanitation and sterilization rules must my tattoo or piercing studio follow?", "How often must a tattoo or body‑piercing license be renewed?", "What penalties apply if I violate the tattoo and piercing regulations?", "Do I need special training for employees on human‑trafficking awareness?", "Can I set up a temporary tattoo or piercing booth at a festival or event?", "What client records am I required to keep and for how long?", "What steps do I need to take if I move my tattoo studio to a new location?" ], "issue_tags": [ "tattoo-licensing", "body-piercing-regulation", "health-safety", "age-restrictions", "sanitation-standards", "licensing-exemptions", "human-trafficking-training" ], "synonyms": [ "tattoo studio licensing", "body piercing studio regulations", "tattoo and piercing business rules", "Texas tattoo law", "tattoo and body piercing licensing requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "147", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 147. E-CIGARETTE RETAILER PERMITS", "url": "/statutes/HS/147.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/147.json", "summary": "This chapter makes it mandatory for anyone who sells e‑cigarettes in Texas to obtain a permit from the comptroller for each location where they sell, store, or dispense the products, including vehicles. It outlines how to apply, the fees, renewal timing, display requirements, and the process for denying, suspending, or revoking permits, along with penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a permit to sell e‑cigarettes in Texas?", "How do I apply for an e‑cigarette retailer permit?", "What information must I provide on the permit application?", "Can I sell e‑cigarettes from a vehicle without a permit?", "How much does an e‑cigarette retailer permit cost and how are fees calculated?", "How often does the permit need to be renewed?", "What can cause my permit application to be denied?", "Can a marketplace seller be exempt from the permit requirement?", "How must I display my e‑cigarette retailer permit at my business?", "What are the penalties for selling e‑cigarettes without a permit?", "What is the process for appealing a permit suspension or revocation?", "Are there any e‑cigarette products that are excluded from this permit requirement?" ], "issue_tags": [ "e-cigarette-permits", "retailer-licensing", "compliance", "enforcement", "penalties", "application-fees", "permit-suspension" ], "synonyms": [ "e‑cigarette retailer permit requirements", "e‑cigarette sales licensing", "electronic cigarette retailer licensing", "vape retailer permits", "Texas e‑cigarette permit rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "161", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 161. PUBLIC HEALTH PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/HS/161.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/161.json", "summary": "Chapter 161 sets Texas's public health rules for vaccines, immunization records, and a statewide registry, while also covering how the state handles disease prevention, disaster response, and reporting of health incidents. It gives doctors and health providers limited liability when they follow required immunization protocols, outlines exemption procedures, and mandates education and outreach. The chapter also regulates the sale, advertising, and distribution of cigarettes and e‑cigarettes to minors, requires health inspections of private residences, and establishes reporting duties for gunshot wounds and controlled‑substance overdoses.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to vaccinate my child according to Texas law?", "Can a doctor be sued if a required vaccine causes an injury?", "How do I obtain or correct my immunization record?", "What is the Texas immunization registry and how is my personal information protected?", "What are the rules for getting a vaccine exemption for my child?", "Can a retailer be fined for selling cigarettes or e‑cigarettes to someone under 21?", "What advertising restrictions apply to tobacco products near schools and churches?", "What must a health care provider report if they treat a gunshot wound or a drug overdose?", "What are the penalties for violating the tobacco advertising fee requirements?", "What information must hospitals give to parents of newborns about vaccinations and health resources?" ], "issue_tags": [ "immunizations", "vaccine-registry", "public-health", "tobacco-control", "child-health", "liability-protections", "reporting-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "Public Health Provisions", "Texas Immunization Laws", "Health and Safety Code Chapter 161", "Texas public health statutes", "Immunization and tobacco regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "162", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 162. BLOOD BANKS AND DONATION OF BLOOD", "url": "/statutes/HS/162.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/162.json", "summary": "This Texas chapter sets rules for blood banks, requiring them to test every donation for diseases like HIV and hepatitis, keep donor records confidential, and disclose results only to authorized health agencies, physicians, recipients, or courts. It also outlines donor consent for minors, liability protections for donors and banks, penalties for improper disclosure, and requirements for informing pregnant women about umbilical cord blood and adult stem cell collection.", "questions_answered": [ "Do blood banks have to test my blood for HIV, hepatitis, or other diseases?", "Can a blood bank share my test results with anyone besides my doctor?", "What information can a blood bank disclose to health authorities or the CDC?", "Can a court order a blood bank to provide test results or donor information?", "Am I protected from lawsuits if I donate blood and later test positive?", "What are the penalties if a blood bank improperly discloses donor information?", "Can a 17‑year‑old donate blood, and can they be paid for it?", "What must doctors give pregnant women about umbilical cord blood options?", "Can a blood bank use my donated blood to collect adult stem cells?", "How does Texas handle the confidentiality of donor records when reporting to other banks?", "What are the rules for notifying a blood recipient if the blood is found to be infected?", "Who is responsible for funding programs that recruit volunteer blood donors?" ], "issue_tags": [ "blood-bank", "donor-privacy", "disease-testing", "cord-blood", "adult-stem-cells", "liability", "penalties", "minor-donation" ], "synonyms": [ "blood bank regulations", "Texas blood donation statutes", "blood bank confidentiality rules", "blood testing and disclosure law", "umbilical cord blood information requirements", "adult stem cell collection provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "163", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 163. EDUCATION PROGRAM ABOUT SEXUAL CONDUCT AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE", "url": "/statutes/HS/163.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/163.json", "summary": "Texas law requires the health department to create a model public‑health education program for school‑age children that stresses abstinence, the dangers of substance abuse, and information about sexually transmitted diseases. The program must include specific teaching points about contraception, pregnancy costs, sexual‑abuse laws, peer pressure, HPV, and it must be presented in age‑appropriate, English and Spanish materials. It also mandates that the curriculum state that homosexuality is not an acceptable lifestyle and is a criminal offense under the Penal Code.", "questions_answered": [ "What does Texas law require schools to teach about sexual conduct and substance abuse?", "Does Texas require an emphasis on abstinence in sex education?", "What specific information about HPV must be included in Texas school curricula?", "Are schools required to provide sex‑education materials in both English and Spanish?", "What does the law say about teaching the legal responsibilities of pregnancy and child‑rearing?", "What counseling and legal options must be presented to victims of sexual abuse?", "How does Texas law address substance abuse and the risk of AIDS from needle sharing?", "What does the statute say about homosexuality and its legal status in Texas schools?", "What peer‑pressure resistance methods must be taught under this program?", "Are schools required to include statistics on contraception effectiveness?", "What age‑appropriateness requirements apply to sexual‑education instruction in Texas?", "How does the law define the expected societal standard for unmarried teens?" ], "issue_tags": [ "sexual-education", "abstinence", "hpv-information", "substance-abuse", "school-curriculum", "texas-health-code" ], "synonyms": [ "Chapter 163", "Sexual Conduct and Substance Abuse Education Program", "Texas public health sex education statute", "TX Health and Safety Code §163", "Model sexual education program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "164", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 164. TREATMENT FACILITIES MARKETING AND ADMISSION PRACTICES", "url": "/statutes/HS/164.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/164.json", "summary": "This chapter, known as the Treatment Facilities Marketing Practices Act, sets rules to stop deceptive advertising and unfair admission practices by mental health and chemical‑dependency treatment centers. It requires facilities to give clear, written disclosures about costs, staff, and patient rights before admission, and it bans tying employee pay or bonuses to the number of patients they bring in. The law also controls how facilities can work with referral sources and defines standards for qualified mental‑health referral services, giving state attorneys the power to enforce penalties.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a treatment center pay staff bonuses based on how many patients they admit?", "What information must a mental health or chemical‑dependency facility disclose to a patient before admission?", "Is it illegal for a facility to promise guaranteed cures or results in its advertisements?", "How must a facility disclose its relationship with referral sources or marketing agents?", "What are the rules for a facility that wants to own or operate an intervention and assessment service?", "What defines a qualified mental‑health referral service and what standards must it meet?", "Can a treatment facility advertise its services without mentioning that it is a mental health or chemical‑dependency provider?", "What penalties can be imposed for violating the marketing and admission rules for treatment facilities?", "Are nonprofit counseling centers for family violence or runaway children exempt from these rules?", "How can a state or local government enforce the provisions of this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "deceptive-advertising", "patient-disclosure", "referral-relationships", "treatment-facility-regulation", "employee-compensation", "qualified-referral-service" ], "synonyms": [ "Treatment Facilities Marketing Practices Act", "Texas mental health facility advertising rules", "Chemical dependency facility marketing law", "Texas treatment facility marketing regulations", "Patient admission disclosure requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "165", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 165. BREAST-FEEDING", "url": "/statutes/HS/165.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/165.json", "summary": "This chapter guarantees a mother's right to breast‑feed or pump milk wherever she is otherwise allowed to be. It lets businesses label themselves \"mother‑friendly\" if they adopt policies that provide flexible schedules, private spaces, clean water, and safe milk storage, and requires those policies to be filed with the state. State agencies must share breastfeeding information, and a demonstration project in Travis County studies how to support worksite breastfeeding for state employees.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I breast‑feed or pump milk in any place where I am otherwise allowed to be?", "Do I have the right to express breast milk at work in Texas?", "What does a \"mother‑friendly\" business designation mean?", "How can a business become listed as \"mother‑friendly\"?", "What workplace accommodations must an employer provide for breastfeeding mothers?", "Can an employer refuse my request to have a private space for pumping milk?", "Are state agencies required to give breastfeeding information to pregnant women or new mothers?", "What is the Texas demonstration project for worksite breast‑feeding?", "What privacy and sanitation standards are required for lactation rooms?", "Does Texas law require employers to store expressed breast milk safely?", "How does the state support mothers returning to work who want to continue breastfeeding?", "What benefits does the state expect from workplace breast‑feeding policies?" ], "issue_tags": [ "breast-feeding-rights", "mother-friendly-businesses", "workplace-lactation", "state-programs", "public-health" ], "synonyms": [ "breastfeeding rights", "lactation accommodations", "mother-friendly designation", "worksite breast-feeding policy", "Texas breastfeeding law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "166", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 166. ADVANCE DIRECTIVES", "url": "/statutes/HS/166.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/166.json", "summary": "Chapter 166 of the Texas Health and Safety Code sets out the rules for advance directives, out‑of‑hospital do‑not‑resuscitate (DNR) orders, and medical powers of attorney. It explains how adults can state their wishes about life‑sustaining treatment, who can act as witnesses, how doctors must follow or challenge those wishes, and what procedures apply when a patient is unable to decide. The chapter also covers liability protections, revocation procedures, and special rules for minors, pregnant patients, and emergency responders.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I create a legally valid advance directive in Texas?", "What are the witness requirements for signing an advance directive or DNR order?", "Can I change or revoke my advance directive after I sign it?", "What is a medical power of attorney and how does it work?", "What should I do if my doctor refuses to follow my advance directive?", "How are out‑of‑hospital DNR orders issued and honored by emergency responders?", "What rights do I have if I become incompetent and cannot communicate my wishes?", "Does having an advance directive affect my life‑insurance coverage or premiums?", "What is the process for resolving disputes over life‑sustaining treatment decisions?", "Can a pregnant patient be denied life‑sustaining treatment under this law?" ], "issue_tags": [ "advance-directives", "out-of-hospital-dnr", "medical-power-of-attorney", "life-sustaining-treatment", "competency", "ethics-committee", "liability" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Advance Directives Act", "Chapter 166", "Advance Directive law", "DNR statute", "Medical POA statutes", "Texas health care decision law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "167", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 167. FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION", "url": "/statutes/HS/167.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/167.json", "summary": "Texas law makes it a crime to cut, remove, or sew together parts of a girl's external genitals when she is under 18. The law also criminalizes parents who allow it, and anyone who transports a minor for the purpose of having it done. A medical professional may be exempt only if the procedure is medically necessary and within their professional scope.", "questions_answered": [ "Is female genital mutilation illegal in Texas?", "Can a parent give consent for a child to undergo FGM in Texas?", "What crimes are involved if someone transports a minor for FGM?", "Is a doctor allowed to perform female circumcision on a child in Texas?", "What are the penalties for performing FGM on a minor in Texas?", "Does Texas law consider cultural or religious practices as a defense for FGM?", "Can a minor be taken out of state for FGM without breaking Texas law?", "What is the legal definition of female genital mutilation under Texas law?", "Are there any medical exceptions to the Texas FGM ban?", "What happens if someone knowingly helps arrange FGM for a child in Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "female-genital-mutilation", "minors-protection", "criminal-penalties", "medical-exemptions", "transportation", "consent" ], "synonyms": [ "FGM law", "female genital cutting prohibition", "Texas female circumcision statute", "child genital mutilation ban", "female genital mutilation criminal code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "167A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 167A. PELVIC EXAMINATIONS", "url": "/statutes/HS/167A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/167A.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for pelvic exams on patients who are unconscious or under anesthesia. It requires a written informed consent from the patient or their legally authorized representative, specifies what the consent form must include, and lets the patient decide if a medical student can perform or observe the exam. It also allows disciplinary action against practitioners who violate these requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a doctor perform a pelvic exam on a patient who is under anesthesia without consent?", "What information must be included in a consent form for a pelvic exam on an unconscious patient?", "Do I have to sign a separate consent form for a pelvic exam if I’m already signing a general consent?", "Can a medical student be present for a pelvic exam if I don’t want them there?", "Who can give consent for a pelvic exam if the patient is a minor or incompetent?", "What happens if a health care provider does a pelvic exam without the required consent?", "Is a pelvic exam allowed for collecting evidence without the patient’s consent?", "Do I need to give consent for a pelvic exam that is part of a scheduled procedure?", "Can a resident observe a pelvic exam through video if I allow it?", "What are the penalties for a practitioner who breaks the pelvic exam consent rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "pelvic-exam-consent", "unconscious-patients", "medical-student-observation", "informed-consent", "health-care-practice", "disciplinary-action" ], "synonyms": [ "pelvic examination consent rules", "consent for pelvic exams", "Texas pelvic exam regulations", "unconscious patient exam policy", "medical student participation consent" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "168", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 168. CARE OF STUDENTS WITH DIABETES", "url": "/statutes/HS/168.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/168.json", "summary": "This chapter requires public schools to create and follow written plans that outline how to care for students with diabetes. It sets rules for who must develop those plans, how school staff—including non‑medical assistants—must be trained, and provides legal protection for staff who follow the plans. The goal is to ensure students can manage their diabetes safely while at school or during school activities.", "questions_answered": [ "What written plan does my child need for diabetes care at school?", "Who is responsible for creating a diabetes management plan for a student?", "Do schools have to train staff to help students with diabetes?", "What is an unlicensed diabetes care assistant and when can they be used?", "Can a student with diabetes check blood sugar and give insulin during class?", "What information must be given to bus drivers or staff supervising off‑campus activities?", "Are school employees protected from discipline if they follow the diabetes care plan?", "How many unlicensed diabetes care assistants must a school have if there is no full‑time nurse?", "What training topics are required for staff assisting students with diabetes?", "Can a school refuse to place a student with diabetes at a particular campus because of staffing?" ], "issue_tags": [ "diabetes-care", "school-health-plans", "unlicensed-assistants", "student-health", "training-requirements", "legal-immunity" ], "synonyms": [ "diabetes management in schools", "student diabetes care policy", "school diabetes assistance program", "diabetes care plan requirements", "school health plan for diabetic students" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "169", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 169. FIRST OFFENDER SOLICITATION OF PROSTITUTION PREVENTION PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/HS/169.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/169.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a first‑time person charged with soliciting prostitution choose a diversion program instead of going through the usual criminal process. The program provides counseling, education, and health services, and if the participant finishes it, the court can seal the arrest record and may waive community‑service requirements. Local counties or cities set up the program, must follow specific standards, and can charge a modest fee based on the participant’s ability to pay.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I avoid a prostitution charge by completing a diversion program?", "What is the first offender solicitation of prostitution prevention program?", "Who is eligible to enter this program?", "What kinds of counseling and services does the program offer?", "Will my criminal record be hidden if I successfully finish the program?", "Do I have to pay a fee to join the program, and how is the amount determined?", "Can I choose not to do community service if I complete the program?", "What happens if I miss a class or session in the program?", "Can I withdraw from the program before my case goes to trial?", "Does the state have to approve my participation in the program?", "What are the consequences if I fail to complete the program?", "Can the program be set up in my county or city?" ], "issue_tags": [ "first-offender-diversion", "prostitution-solicitation", "criminal-record-sealing", "counseling-program", "eligibility-criteria", "community-service", "program-fee" ], "synonyms": [ "first offender solicitation diversion", "prostitution solicitation diversion program", "Texas first‑offender prostitution program", "solicitation of prostitution prevention program", "first‑time offender program for prostitution", "diversion program for solicitation offenses" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "170", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 170. PROHIBITED ACTS REGARDING ABORTION", "url": "/statutes/HS/170.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/170.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for abortions in Texas, especially those performed in the third trimester on a fetus that can survive outside the womb. It defines key terms like \"viable\" and outlines when abortions are allowed, such as to protect a woman's health or when a severe fetal abnormality is found. Doctors who perform a third‑trimester abortion must certify the medical reasons in writing within 30 days. The law also limits who can perform abortions to licensed physicians, except for the listed exemptions.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a doctor perform an abortion in the third trimester?", "What does Texas law consider a fetus to be viable?", "When is an abortion allowed to protect the mother's health?", "Are abortions permitted for fetuses with severe, irreversible abnormalities?", "What paperwork must a physician complete after a third‑trimester abortion?", "Is there a deadline for reporting a third‑trimester abortion?", "Can anyone other than a licensed physician perform an abortion?", "What exemptions exist for abortions before the third trimester?", "What medical judgments justify a third‑trimester abortion?", "Do doctors need to certify the reason for a third‑trimester abortion?", "What criteria determine if a fetus is not viable?", "How does Texas define \"physician\" for abortion purposes?" ], "issue_tags": [ "abortion-regulation", "third-trimester", "viable-fetus", "medical-exemptions", "reporting-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas abortion law chapter 170", "prohibited acts regarding abortion", "Health and Safety Code abortion provisions", "third‑trimester abortion rules", "viable fetus definition" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "170A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 170A. PERFORMANCE OF ABORTION", "url": "/statutes/HS/170A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/170A.json", "summary": "This Texas chapter makes it illegal for anyone to perform, induce, or attempt an abortion, except when a licensed physician, using reasonable medical judgment, does so to protect a pregnant woman's life or prevent serious bodily harm. It defines key terms, outlines medical exceptions such as treating ectopic pregnancies or removing a dead fetus, and sets criminal, civil, and professional penalties for violations. The law also protects pregnant women from criminal or civil liability for abortions performed on them.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a doctor perform an abortion in Texas if the mother's life is in danger?", "What counts as a life‑threatening condition under Texas abortion law?", "Are there any medical situations where a Texas physician can legally remove a dead fetus?", "What criminal penalties apply for performing an illegal abortion in Texas?", "What civil fines can be imposed for violating Texas abortion statutes?", "Can a pregnant woman be charged for having an abortion performed on her?", "What does \"reasonable medical judgment\" mean for a Texas physician?", "Is treating an ectopic pregnancy considered a legal exception to the abortion ban?", "Will a doctor lose their medical license for performing an illegal abortion?", "Does Texas law require an imminent risk before a doctor can act to save a pregnant woman's life?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-abortion-law", "medical-exemptions", "criminal-penalties", "civil-fines", "physician-licensing", "life-threatening-conditions" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas abortion statute", "Chapter 170A", "Performance of Abortion law", "Health and Safety Code abortion provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "171", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 171. ABORTION", "url": "/statutes/HS/171.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/171.json", "summary": "Chapter 171 of the Texas Health and Safety Code, known as the Woman's Right to Know Act, sets out who may perform abortions, requires detailed informed consent and ultrasound information, and mandates reporting of any complications. It also limits abortions after certain fetal ages, defines prohibited methods like partial‑birth abortions, and creates a private civil enforcement system with penalties for violations. The chapter includes special rules for minors, medical emergencies, and the use of abortion‑inducing drugs.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is allowed to perform an abortion in Texas?", "What information must a doctor give me before an abortion?", "Do I have to see an ultrasound and hear a fetal heartbeat before an abortion?", "What are the reporting requirements if an abortion complication occurs?", "Can a minor get an abortion and what approvals are needed?", "What abortions are prohibited after 20 weeks of pregnancy?", "What are the penalties for doctors or facilities that break the abortion rules?", "How does the private civil enforcement process work for abortion violations?", "What rules apply to the use of abortion‑inducing drugs?", "Is a partial‑birth abortion illegal in Texas?", "What exceptions exist for abortions performed in a medical emergency?", "Can a woman be sued or prosecuted for having an abortion under this law?" ], "issue_tags": [ "abortion-regulation", "informed-consent", "fetal-heartbeat", "reporting-requirements", "private-enforcement", "minors", "medical-emergency", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Woman's Right to Know Act", "Texas abortion law", "Chapter 171 abortion provisions", "Texas health and safety code abortion chapter", "Texas abortion statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "171A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 171A. ABORTION-INDUCING DRUGS", "url": "/statutes/HS/171A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/171A.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a civil enforcement system that lets private individuals file qui tam lawsuits against anyone who manufactures, distributes, prescribes, or intends to provide abortion‑inducing drugs in Texas, except for hospitals, state‑run health facilities, and certain health care providers. It sets out who can be sued, the penalties (including injunctions and monetary awards), confidentiality rules, and limits state involvement. The chapter also blocks other states' clawback laws from being used against Texas residents and provides specific defenses for defendants.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I file a lawsuit against a pharmacy that sells abortion pills in Texas?", "Who is allowed to bring a qui tam action under this law?", "Are hospitals and state‑run health facilities exempt from these lawsuits?", "What penalties can a defendant face for violating the abortion‑drug restrictions?", "Can a private citizen sue someone for merely intending to provide abortion‑inducing drugs?", "Are online delivery services or ride‑share companies covered by this law?", "What defenses are available if I am sued for alleged abortion‑drug violations?", "How long do I have to file a qui tam action after the alleged violation?", "Can a woman be sued for using or seeking abortion‑inducing drugs?", "Does this law apply to out‑of‑state companies that ship abortion pills into Texas?", "What is a clawback provision and how does Texas treat it?", "Can a court order a deposition of a pregnant woman in these cases?" ], "issue_tags": [ "abortion-drugs", "qui-tam", "civil-enforcement", "confidentiality", "clawback", "exemptions", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas abortion drug law", "Chapter 171A", "abortion‑inducing drug restrictions", "Texas qui tam abortion enforcement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "172", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 172. REMOVAL OF PLACENTA FROM HOSPITAL OR BIRTHING CENTER", "url": "/statutes/HS/172.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/172.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a mother (or her spouse if she is unable) take her placenta home from a hospital or licensed birthing center, as long as she tests negative for infectious diseases and signs a required form confirming she received safety information and will use the placenta only for personal purposes. The facility must keep the signed form with the medical record, and the placenta cannot be sold or used for anything other than personal use. The law also allows a doctor to keep the placenta for pathological testing, and hospitals are protected from liability when they follow the rule.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I take my placenta home after giving birth in a hospital or birthing center?", "Do I need a court order to get my placenta?", "What health tests must I pass before I can take my placenta?", "What paperwork do I have to sign to take my placenta home?", "Can I give my placenta to someone else or sell it?", "Can my spouse take the placenta if I am incapacitated or deceased?", "What safety information will the hospital provide about handling the placenta?", "Will the hospital keep a record of me taking the placenta?", "What happens if a doctor needs the placenta for a pathology exam?", "Is the hospital liable if I take the placenta and something goes wrong?", "Can the placenta be used for any purpose other than personal use?", "Does the hospital have to treat the placenta as medical waste if I take it?" ], "issue_tags": [ "placenta-removal", "hospital-policy", "infectious-disease-testing", "personal-use", "birthing-center", "medical-records" ], "synonyms": [ "Placenta take‑home law", "Placenta removal statute", "Hospital placenta release rule", "Texas placenta possession act", "Placenta handling regulation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "173", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 173. DONATION OF HUMAN FETAL TISSUE", "url": "/statutes/HS/173.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/173.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for donating human fetal tissue in Texas. Only certain licensed hospitals, surgical centers, or birthing centers can donate, and they must get a written, voluntary consent from the pregnant woman using a state‑approved form. Donations cannot come from elective abortions, and the facilities must keep records and file annual reports. Violating the rules can result in a misdemeanor and a fine.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a hospital donate fetal tissue that was obtained from an elective abortion?", "What kind of facilities are allowed to donate human fetal tissue in Texas?", "Do I need a special written consent form to donate fetal tissue?", "Can a researcher receive fetal tissue from a Texas hospital for a study?", "What penalties apply if someone offers money to a woman for fetal tissue donation?", "How long must a facility keep records of a woman's consent to donate fetal tissue?", "Is fetal tissue from a miscarriage or delivery eligible for donation?", "Do existing cell lines created before 2017 count as fetal tissue under this law?", "Who is responsible for enforcing the fetal tissue donation rules?", "What information must be included in the annual report about fetal tissue donations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "fetal-tissue-donation", "informed-consent", "authorized-facilities", "research-regulation", "record-retention", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "fetal tissue donation law", "human fetal tissue donation rules", "Texas fetal tissue donation statute", "fetal organ donation regulations", "tissue donation from unborn child legislation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "174", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 174. SECURITY OF GENETIC INFORMATION", "url": "/statutes/HS/174.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/174.json", "summary": "The Texas Genomic Act of 2025 sets rules for any Texas medical, research, or for‑profit/nonprofit entity that works with human genome data. It blocks the use, sale, or storage of that data by foreign adversaries, requires secure encryption and annual compliance certification, and creates civil penalties and a private right to sue for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my lab use genome sequencing equipment made by a foreign country?", "Am I allowed to sell or transfer Texas patients' genetic data during bankruptcy?", "Do I have to encrypt and restrict access to DNA data I store?", "What annual report do I need to file with the attorney general about genetic data compliance?", "Is it illegal to store Texas genome data on a cloud server located overseas?", "Can a patient sue my company if their DNA data is mishandled?", "What fines could the state impose if I violate the genetic data rules?", "Who can investigate alleged violations of the Texas Genomic Act?", "Do nonprofit research organizations have to follow the same rules as for‑profit companies?", "What counts as a \"foreign adversary\" under this law?", "Are there any exceptions for data collected in clinical trials?", "Do I need to avoid software from certain companies when analyzing DNA?" ], "issue_tags": [ "genomic-data-security", "foreign-adversary", "data-privacy", "biotech-compliance", "civil-penalties", "private-rights" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Genomic Act", "genetic information security law", "genome data protection statute", "Texas DNA data rules", "genomic privacy legislation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "181", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 181. MEDICAL RECORDS PRIVACY", "url": "/statutes/HS/181.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/181.json", "summary": "This chapter sets Texas rules for keeping medical records private. It defines who must protect health information, what data is covered, how it can be used or shared, and the penalties for violations. It also requires staff training, gives patients the right to access their electronic records, and limits marketing uses of health data.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a \"covered entity\" under Texas medical records privacy?", "Can a health care provider share my medical information for marketing purposes?", "How do I request a copy of my electronic health record from a provider?", "What penalties can a health care entity face for violating Texas privacy rules?", "Are nonprofit agencies that pay for someone's health care exempt from these rules?", "Does this privacy law apply to workers' compensation claims or employee benefit plans?", "What training must health care staff receive about protecting medical information?", "Can my protected health information be sold to another company?", "What notice must a provider give before electronically disclosing my health data?", "How can I file a complaint if I think my medical privacy rights were violated?", "Are educational records covered by this medical privacy chapter?", "What information about communicable diseases in nursing facilities is exempt from privacy?" ], "issue_tags": [ "medical-records-privacy", "protected-health-information", "covered-entity", "consumer-rights", "marketing-restrictions", "enforcement-penalties", "training-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas HIPAA law", "Medical Records Privacy Act", "Chapter 181 Health and Safety Code", "Texas medical privacy statute", "PHI privacy rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "182", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 182. ELECTRONIC EXCHANGE OF HEALTH INFORMATION", "url": "/statutes/HS/182.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/182.json", "summary": "Chapter 182 creates the Texas Health Services Authority, a nonprofit public‑private group that promotes voluntary, secure electronic sharing of health information across the state. It sets up a governor‑appointed board, defines the authority’s powers, privacy and security standards, and limits what the authority may do, such as prohibiting it from analyzing clinical data or ranking physicians. The chapter also outlines funding options, liability protections, and the authority’s sunset date of September 1 2027.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Texas Health Services Authority and what does it do?", "How does Texas promote electronic exchange of health information?", "Who appoints the board members of the authority and what are their qualifications?", "What activities are the authority prohibited from performing?", "How are privacy and security standards for health data established in Texas?", "Can the authority charge fees or receive grants to fund its work?", "What legal protections do board members have from civil liability?", "When does the authority’s existence expire if it is not continued?", "What is a health information exchange under Texas law?", "What penalties apply if a health information exchange misuses patient data?", "How long do board members serve on the authority?", "Does the authority’s debt become a liability of the state?" ], "issue_tags": [ "electronic-health-information", "health-information-exchange", "privacy-security", "nonprofit-governance", "board-appointments", "texas-health-law" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Health Services Authority", "Chapter 182 Health and Safety Code", "Texas electronic health information exchange statute", "State health information technology law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "183", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 183. ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS", "url": "/statutes/HS/183.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/183.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for Texas health care providers on how electronic health records (EHRs) must be stored, accessed, and protected. It requires EHRs to be kept within the United States, limits who can view the data, specifies required information (like biological sex and metabolic health communication) and bans certain data (like credit scores). It also governs the use of artificial intelligence in diagnosis, parental access to minors' records, and outlines penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Where must a Texas health provider keep my electronic health record?", "Can my credit score or voter registration be included in my medical record?", "What information about my biological sex must be recorded in my health record?", "Can a doctor use artificial intelligence to help diagnose me, and must they tell me?", "Who is allowed to access my electronic health record at work?", "Can my child's parent see my medical record if I am a minor?", "What data about my diet and metabolic health must be recorded for chronic disease treatment?", "What penalties can a health provider face for breaking these electronic record rules?", "Can my health record be stored on a cloud service outside the United States?", "Is it allowed to record gender identity or other sex‑related information in my record?", "What steps must a provider take to protect the confidentiality of my electronic health record?", "How can the state investigate or discipline a provider that violates these rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "electronic-health-records", "data-privacy", "ai-diagnostics", "minor-access", "biological-sex", "enforcement", "data-restrictions" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas EHR regulations", "electronic medical record statutes", "digital health record requirements", "Texas electronic health record chapter", "health record privacy rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "185", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 185. HEALTH CARE BILLING", "url": "/statutes/HS/185.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/185.json", "summary": "This chapter forces health‑care providers to give patients a clear, itemized bill that lists each service or supply, the codes used for insurance, and the amount the patient owes. The bill must be sent within 30 days after the provider receives payment from a third party, and it can be delivered electronically or on paper according to the patient’s preference. Providers cannot try to collect a debt unless they follow these billing rules, and licensing authorities can discipline violators.", "questions_answered": [ "When does a doctor or hospital have to give me an itemized bill?", "What details must be included on my medical bill?", "Can a health‑care provider collect money if they didn’t send me a detailed bill?", "How can I receive my bill electronically or through a patient portal?", "What if the provider mailed my bill to the wrong address—can they still sue me?", "Do I need to ask for a copy of my bill, or will the provider send it automatically?", "How long must a provider keep my itemized bill on file?", "What counts as a health‑care provider under this law?", "What is the deadline for sending the itemized bill after insurance pays?", "Can a provider use my patient portal to send the bill, and what happens if the portal isn’t active?", "What disciplinary actions can a licensing board take if a provider breaks these billing rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-care-billing", "patient-billing-rights", "debt-collection", "provider-discipline", "electronic-billing", "billing-transparency" ], "synonyms": [ "health care billing requirements", "patient itemized bill rule", "medical billing disclosure law", "Texas health billing statute", "provider billing obligations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "191", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 191. ADMINISTRATION OF VITAL STATISTICS RECORDS", "url": "/statutes/HS/191.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/191.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up the Texas Department of State Health Services to run the state's vital statistics system, which includes birth, death, fetal death, marriage, divorce and annulment records. It outlines how the department and local registrars collect, store, and share these records, the fees that may be charged, and the situations where copies are provided for free. It also describes rules for accessing records, including background‑check requirements and special provisions for victims of violence, homeless youth, and election ID purposes.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I obtain a certified copy of a birth or death certificate in Texas?", "Are there any situations where I can get a birth certificate for free, such as for school enrollment or election ID?", "What fees does the state charge for searching or copying vital records, and can local offices add extra fees?", "Who is responsible for maintaining birth and death records in my county or city?", "Can victims of domestic or family violence request a birth record without paying a fee?", "What is the process for amending an incorrect birth or death certificate?", "Do I need to undergo a criminal background check to access Texas vital records online?", "How does the state share birth information with the Department of Family and Protective Services for child welfare cases?", "What records does the state provide to the Department of Public Safety and the Secretary of State, and why?", "Can a homeless youth or a foster child obtain a certified copy of their birth record without parental consent?", "How are birth and death records organized and stored by the state and local registrars?", "What are the rules for requesting vital records from a national agency or for research purposes?" ], "issue_tags": [ "vital-statistics", "birth-certificates", "death-records", "record-fees", "access-restrictions", "exemptions", "state-department" ], "synonyms": [ "Administration of Vital Statistics Records", "Texas Vital Records System", "Vital Statistics Unit Rules", "Birth and Death Record Management", "State Vital Statistics Administration" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "192", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 192. BIRTH RECORDS", "url": "/statutes/HS/192.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/192.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for how births are recorded in Texas. It tells who must file a birth certificate, what information goes on the form, how confidential medical details are handled, and how special certificates like heirloom or stillbirth records are issued. It also covers how to correct or update records, including delayed registrations, paternity acknowledgments, adoption records, and name changes.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I register my child's birth in Texas?", "Who is allowed to file a birth certificate for a newborn?", "Can I get a birth certificate for a stillborn baby?", "What is a heirloom birth certificate and how can I obtain one?", "How do I change my name on my birth record after a court order?", "What documents do I need to apply for a delayed birth certificate?", "How is a father's information recorded on a Texas birth certificate?", "Can an adopted adult get a copy of their original birth certificate?", "What information on a birth certificate is kept confidential?", "What are the deadlines for filing a birth certificate after a birth?", "How do I request a supplementary birth certificate after a court changes parentage?", "What happens if my delayed birth certificate application is denied?" ], "issue_tags": [ "birth-registration", "stillbirth-certificate", "heirloom-certificate", "delayed-registration", "paternity-record", "adoption-birth-record", "name-change" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas birth records", "birth certificate law", "vital statistics registration", "Texas vital records", "birth registration statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "193", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 193. DEATH RECORDS", "url": "/statutes/HS/193.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/193.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for Texas death and fetal death certificates, including what forms must look like, what information they must contain, and who must file them. It outlines filing deadlines, how to handle delayed or catastrophic deaths, special provisions for veterans, expedited certificates for religious purposes, and requirements for burial records and permits. The chapter also covers sharing of suicide data and how to amend certificates.", "questions_answered": [ "What information has to be on a Texas death certificate?", "Who is responsible for filing a death or fetal death certificate?", "When must a death certificate be filed with the local registrar?", "How can I get a death certificate expedited for religious reasons?", "What special veteran information is required on a death certificate?", "What is a burial‑transit permit and when is it needed?", "How do I register a death that occurred more than 10 days ago?", "What is a certificate of death by catastrophe and how is it issued?", "Can suicide data be shared between agencies under this law?", "How do I request an amendment to a death certificate?", "What records must cemeteries keep about interments?", "Are there fees for obtaining death certificate information from the public?" ], "issue_tags": [ "death-certificates", "vital-statistics", "burial-records", "veteran-information", "expedited-certificates", "catastrophe-deaths", "suicide-data", "delayed-registration" ], "synonyms": [ "death record statutes", "Texas death certificate requirements", "vital statistics death filing", "death registration law", "death certificate filing rules", "death record chapter", "death certificate obligations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "194", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 194. MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE RECORDS", "url": "/statutes/HS/194.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/194.json", "summary": "Chapter 194 tells county clerks to send copies of every marriage license and informal marriage declaration to the state vital statistics unit within 90 days, and it sets a uniform state form for those applications. It also requires attorneys and district clerks to report divorces and annulments each month, and the state keeps a statewide index of all marriage and divorce records. The chapter limits what personal information can be released, bans certified copies of marriage or divorce records, and creates a program for selling commemorative heirloom wedding anniversary certificates.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a county clerk file a marriage license with the state?", "When must marriage license copies be sent to the vital statistics unit?", "What form is used for marriage license applications in Texas?", "What information must be reported for a divorce or annulment?", "How often do district clerks have to file divorce reports with the state?", "Can I get a certified copy of my marriage or divorce record from the state?", "What personal details can the state release about an informal marriage?", "Is there a fee for filing marriage license copies with the state?", "What is the heirloom wedding anniversary certificate and how do I order one?", "Where does the money from heirloom wedding anniversary certificates go?", "Does the state keep a statewide index of marriage and divorce records?", "Can I request my marriage or divorce information from the vital statistics unit?" ], "issue_tags": [ "marriage-records", "divorce-reporting", "vital-statistics", "heirloom-certificate", "information-access", "state-index" ], "synonyms": [ "Marriage and Divorce Records Chapter", "Texas marriage license filing rules", "Divorce reporting requirements", "Heirloom wedding anniversary certificate program", "Vital statistics marriage reporting" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "195", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 195. ENFORCEMENT OF VITAL STATISTICS REPORTING", "url": "/statutes/HS/195.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/195.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up how Texas enforces the reporting of births, deaths, and other vital records. It gives the state registrar authority to supervise local registrars, investigate violations, and work with prosecutors. It also defines crimes for making false statements or records, failing to perform required duties, and improperly disclosing confidential information, along with the associated penalties.", "questions_answered": [ "What are the duties of a local registrar for birth and death certificates?", "Who investigates violations of vital statistics reporting in Texas?", "What penalties apply if someone falsifies a birth or death certificate?", "Can a corporation be charged for creating false vital records?", "What are the consequences for refusing to provide information needed for a vital record?", "How does the state registrar report violations to prosecutors?", "What offenses are considered misdemeanors versus felonies under this chapter?", "What actions constitute illegal disclosure of confidential vital statistics information?", "What happens if a local registrar fails to file a required certificate?", "Can a person be barred from obtaining vital records after a conviction?", "What is the role of the attorney general in enforcing vital statistics laws?", "How are false statements on applications for amended or delayed certificates punished?" ], "issue_tags": [ "vital-statistics", "false-records", "registrar-oversight", "confidentiality", "misdemeanor-felony", "reporting-violations" ], "synonyms": [ "Vital Statistics Enforcement", "Birth and Death Record Laws", "Texas Vital Records Compliance", "False Vital Record Penalties", "Registrar Duties and Supervision" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "221", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 221. HEALTH FACILITIES DEVELOPMENT ACT", "url": "/statutes/HS/221.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/221.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a city, county, or hospital district set up a nonprofit public corporation to build, improve, and finance health facilities like hospitals, clinics, and nursing homes. The corporation can issue bonds, borrow money, and manage assets, while the sponsoring government oversees its board, bylaws, and operations. It also sets rules for how the corporation can be created, governed, amended, and eventually dissolved, and explains the tax‑exempt status of its bonds and earnings.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a local government create a nonprofit corporation to fund a new hospital or clinic?", "What kinds of health facilities can be financed under this act?", "Can the development corporation issue bonds to raise money for health projects?", "Who can serve on the board of directors and what are their terms?", "How are bond proceeds allowed to be used for health facility projects?", "Are the bonds issued by the corporation subject to state taxes?", "What steps are required to amend the corporation’s articles of incorporation?", "How does a development corporation change its registered office or agent?", "What indemnification protections do directors and officers have?", "When and how can the corporation be dissolved and what happens to its assets?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-facilities", "nonprofit-corporations", "bond-financing", "local-government", "facility-development", "corporate-governance", "tax-exempt", "dissolution" ], "synonyms": [ "Health Facilities Development Act", "health facility development corporation", "municipal health facility financing", "public health facility corporation", "health facility bond program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "222", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 222. HEALTH CARE FACILITY SURVEY, CONSTRUCTION, INSPECTION, AND REGULATION", "url": "/statutes/HS/222.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/222.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up how Texas plans, builds, funds, and oversees hospitals and other health care facilities. It gives the state health department authority to inventory hospitals, conduct surveys, accept federal funds, and limit inspections to what is required by law. It also allows hospitals with certain certifications or accreditations to skip annual licensing inspections, and it outlines survey requirements for facilities serving people with intellectual disabilities.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas decide where new hospitals should be built?", "Which state agency is responsible for surveying and planning hospital construction?", "Can a Texas hospital avoid an annual state inspection if it has Joint Commission accreditation?", "What types of health care facilities are covered by the inspection limits in this chapter?", "How does the state use federal funds for hospital construction projects?", "What are the requirements for a hospital to qualify for exemption from annual licensing inspections?", "Who can be part of a survey team that inspects a hospital under Medicare rules?", "What rules apply to licensing new beds in intermediate care facilities for individuals with intellectual disabilities?", "How does the department handle complaints and investigations of hospitals?", "Can the state share inspection duties with another agency instead of conducting its own on‑site inspection?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hospital-construction", "facility-inspections", "health-facility-funding", "certification-accreditation", "ICF-IID-surveys", "state-health-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Hospital Survey and Construction Act", "Health Care Facility Survey Act", "Hospital Construction Fund regulations", "Texas health facility inspection limits", "ICF‑IID licensing rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "223", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 223. HOSPITAL PROJECT FINANCING ACT", "url": "/statutes/HS/223.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/223.json", "summary": "This chapter lets public health authorities, municipalities, counties, and hospital districts raise money for building, improving, or acquiring hospitals and related health facilities by issuing revenue bonds. It defines which project costs can be covered, sets rules for bond issuance, voter elections, security, and how bond proceeds must be used. The bonds are paid back only from the revenues of the hospital project or a nonprofit organization, not from general state or local taxes.", "questions_answered": [ "How can a city or county finance a new hospital or health facility?", "What types of costs can be included in a hospital project bond?", "Do hospital project bonds require a voter election, and when can an election be avoided?", "Can a nonprofit organization own or operate a hospital built with bond financing?", "What limits exist on the financial obligations an issuer can take on under this program?", "Are state or local tax revenues allowed to pay back hospital project bonds?", "What is the maximum term for hospital project bonds and can they be redeemed early?", "How are hospital project bonds secured and what happens if a bondholder defaults?", "Can an issuer use eminent domain to acquire land for a hospital project financed by bonds?", "What are the reporting and disclosure requirements before issuing hospital project bonds?", "Are the interest and proceeds from these bonds subject to state taxes?", "How can an issuer refinance or refund existing hospital project bonds?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hospital-financing", "revenue-bonds", "public-health-authority", "nonprofit-hospital", "bond-security", "project-costs", "election-requirements", "bond-maturity" ], "synonyms": [ "Hospital Project Financing Act", "Hospital bonds", "Health facility financing statute", "Texas hospital financing law", "Hospital project bond program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "224", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 224. POLICY ON VACCINE PREVENTABLE DISEASES", "url": "/statutes/HS/224.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/224.json", "summary": "Texas law requires every licensed health care facility to adopt a written policy that tells which vaccines employees, contractors, and privileged providers must receive based on their risk to patients. The policy must detail how to verify compliance, handle medical or conscience exemptions, keep vaccination records, and enforce discipline, and it allows facilities to restrict exempt staff during a public health disaster.", "questions_answered": [ "What vaccines do hospital employees and contractors need to get in Texas?", "Can a health care worker refuse a vaccine for religious or personal reasons?", "How must a Texas health care facility verify and record employee vaccination status?", "What steps must a facility take if a staff member is medically exempt from a required vaccine?", "Can a facility ban an exempt employee from patient contact during a disease outbreak?", "What disciplinary actions can a health care facility impose for vaccine non‑compliance?", "Which agency is responsible for enforcing the vaccine policy in health care facilities?", "What penalties apply if a facility fails to have a vaccine policy or violates the rules?", "Do contractors who provide direct patient care have the same vaccine requirements as employees?", "What protective equipment must be used for staff who are exempt from vaccination?", "How are vaccine‑preventable diseases defined for this policy?", "What rules can a regulatory authority adopt to implement this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "vaccine-policy", "health-care-facilities", "employee-immunization", "exemption-procedures", "public-health-disaster", "compliance-records" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas health care facility vaccine mandate", "hospital employee immunization requirements", "health care worker vaccination policy", "Texas vaccine policy for health facilities", "facility vaccine exemption rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "225", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 225. HEALTH PLANNING AND CAPITAL EXPENDITURE REVIEW", "url": "/statutes/HS/225.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/225.json", "summary": "This chapter defines what counts as a health care facility and what is considered a capital expenditure. It gives the governor authority to set up a program that reviews major spending by hospitals and other health facilities to make sure they follow federal rules and keep federal funding. The governor can issue executive orders to start the review program, negotiate agreements with federal agencies, and use state funds if needed. The chapter also explains how long such orders stay in effect.", "questions_answered": [ "What types of institutions are considered health care facilities under Texas law?", "What is a capital expenditure for a health care facility?", "Can the governor require a review of a hospital's construction or equipment spending?", "How does Texas ensure that health facility capital projects comply with federal health planning laws?", "What federal statutes are referenced for health planning and capital expenditure review?", "What powers does the governor have to transfer health planning duties to another agency?", "How is a capital expenditure review program created and authorized?", "Can the state use its own money to fund a health capital expenditure review program?", "What must an executive order contain when it establishes a capital expenditure review program?", "When does an executive order for a health capital review program expire?", "Who decides whether a health care facility's capital project needs to be reviewed?", "What is the purpose of the capital expenditure review program?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-care-facilities", "capital-expenditure-review", "governor-authority", "federal-compliance", "health-planning" ], "synonyms": [ "Health Planning and Capital Expenditure Review", "Chapter 225 Health Planning", "Texas health facility capital review", "Governor's health planning duties", "Capital expenditure review program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "241", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 241. HOSPITALS", "url": "/statutes/HS/241.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/241.json", "summary": "Chapter 241 sets the rules for licensing and operating hospitals in Texas. It defines what a hospital is, outlines standards for construction, staffing, patient care, and safety, and describes how the state monitors compliance. The chapter also covers patient transfer policies, required signage, photo ID badges for staff, and special provisions for emergencies, human trafficking alerts, and hospital-at-home programs.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I get a license to open a hospital in Texas?", "What standards must a Texas hospital meet for staffing, safety, and patient care?", "What are the requirements for a hospital’s patient transfer policy and agreements?", "Do hospitals have to post signs about human trafficking and patient rights?", "Are health‑care providers required to wear photo ID badges while treating patients?", "Can a hospital limit in‑person visitation during a declared disaster?", "What penalties can a hospital face for violating Texas hospital regulations?", "How are medical records protected and when can they be released?", "What are the rules for a hospital‑at‑home program?", "How are neonatal and maternal care levels assigned to Texas hospitals?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hospital-licensing", "patient-transfer", "hospital-standards", "human-trafficking", "emergency-visit", "medical-records", "hospital-at-home", "neonatal-care" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Hospital Licensing Law", "Hospital Licensing Act", "Chapter 241 Hospital Regulations", "Texas Hospital Licensing Chapter", "Hospital Licensing Code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "242", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 242. CONVALESCENT AND NURSING FACILITIES AND RELATED INSTITUTIONS", "url": "/statutes/HS/242.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/242.json", "summary": "Chapter 242 of the Texas Health and Safety Code sets the rules for licensing, operating, and overseeing convalescent and nursing facilities. It establishes minimum standards for quality of care, resident rights, medication administration, and safety, and outlines inspection, enforcement, and penalty procedures. The chapter also covers special provisions such as Alzheimer's certification, electronic monitoring, respite care, and trustee appointments for homes in crisis.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I obtain a license to operate a nursing home in Texas?", "What standards must a nursing facility meet for quality of care and resident safety?", "What are the resident rights that a nursing home must provide?", "How does the state inspect nursing facilities and what can trigger an unannounced inspection?", "What penalties can be imposed on a nursing facility for violations of the law?", "How can a nursing home become certified to provide specialized Alzheimer’s care?", "What are the rules for administering medication and who can give medication in a nursing facility?", "Can a resident request electronic monitoring in their room and what are the requirements?", "What is the process for filing a complaint against a nursing facility and how are investigations handled?", "When and how can a trustee be appointed to run a nursing home that is closing or in emergency?", "What are the requirements for providing respite care in a nursing facility?", "How are licensing fees calculated and what additional fees might apply?" ], "issue_tags": [ "nursing-facility-licensing", "resident-rights", "quality-of-care", "inspections-enforcement", "medication-administration", "electronic-monitoring", "alzheimer-care-certification", "trustee-appointments" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas nursing home licensing statutes", "Health and Safety Code Chapter 242", "convalescent and nursing facility regulations", "Texas long-term care facility law", "nursing facility licensing and standards" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "243", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 243. AMBULATORY SURGICAL CENTERS", "url": "/statutes/HS/243.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/243.json", "summary": "This chapter establishes the rules for licensing ambulatory surgical centers in Texas, including who must be licensed, how to apply, fee requirements, and renewal. It sets minimum design, staffing, equipment, and safety standards, mandates inspections, and outlines penalties, suspensions, and appeals for non‑compliance. Certain physician offices, nursing homes, and hospitals are exempt from licensing.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to operate an outpatient surgery center in Texas?", "Which facilities are exempt from the ambulatory surgical center licensing requirement?", "How do I apply for a license for an ambulatory surgical center?", "What fees are required and how often must they be paid?", "What staffing qualifications are required for a licensed center?", "How often will my center be inspected and what does an inspection involve?", "What design and equipment standards must my center meet?", "What penalties apply if I operate without a license or violate the rules?", "How can a license be suspended, revoked, or placed on probation?", "What is the process for contesting a suspension or revocation?", "Can a license be transferred or sold to another owner?", "What steps does the department take for an emergency suspension?" ], "issue_tags": [ "ambulatory-surgical-centers", "licensing", "inspections", "penalties", "exemptions", "facility-standards" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Ambulatory Surgical Center Licensing Act", "ASC licensing", "outpatient surgery center regulations", "health facility licensing", "Texas ASC rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "244", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 244. BIRTHING CENTERS", "url": "/statutes/HS/244.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/244.json", "summary": "This chapter requires any non‑hospital birthing center in Texas to obtain a state license, meet specific staffing and operational standards, and pay periodic fees. It gives the health department authority to inspect centers, enforce compliance, and impose penalties or suspend licenses when needed. Exemptions apply to hospitals, nursing homes, and ambulatory surgical centers.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to open a birthing center in Texas?", "What kinds of facilities are exempt from the birthing center licensing requirement?", "How do I apply for a birthing center license and what fees are involved?", "How often must a birthing center license be renewed and can it be transferred to another owner?", "What staffing and record‑keeping standards must a birthing center meet to get licensed?", "What can the state do if a birthing center violates the licensing rules?", "How does the Department of State Health Services inspect birthing centers?", "Can a birthing center be placed on probation instead of having its license revoked?", "What is the process for an emergency suspension of a birthing center license?", "How can I file a complaint against a licensed birthing center?", "What civil or criminal penalties can be imposed for licensing violations?", "Who has the authority to enforce the birthing center licensing act?" ], "issue_tags": [ "birthing-center-licensing", "health-facility-regulation", "inspection-and-enforcement", "licensing-standards", "penalties", "complaints" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Birthing Center Licensing Act", "birthing center licensing", "non‑hospital birth facility regulations", "Texas health facility licensing for birthing centers" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "245", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 245. ABORTION FACILITIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/245.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/245.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for any place in Texas that performs abortions. It requires a special license, outlines how to apply, what standards must be met, how inspections and reporting work, and what penalties apply for violations. It also tells facilities what public information they must share, such as license status and required signage.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to operate an abortion clinic in Texas?", "Which types of facilities are exempt from needing an abortion‑facility license?", "How do I apply for and renew an abortion facility license?", "What reports must a doctor submit after performing an abortion?", "What standards must an abortion facility meet to stay licensed?", "How are inspections of abortion facilities conducted?", "What penalties exist for operating an abortion facility without a license?", "What information about a facility’s license must be made public?", "What signage is required inside an abortion facility?", "Can an abortion be performed in an unlicensed facility during a medical emergency?", "How can I find out if a specific abortion facility is licensed?", "What fees are charged for an abortion facility license?" ], "issue_tags": [ "abortion-facility-licensing", "health-facility-regulation", "physician-reporting", "facility-inspections", "penalties", "public-information", "required-signage" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Abortion Facility Reporting and Licensing Act", "Chapter 245", "Texas abortion clinic regulations", "Abortion facility licensing law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "246", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 246. CONTINUING CARE FACILITIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/246.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/246.json", "summary": "Chapter 246 sets rules for Texas facilities that provide long‑term care, such as assisted‑living and nursing homes. It requires providers to obtain a certificate of authority, give detailed disclosure statements, and protect entrance‑fee payments in escrow. The chapter also outlines resident rights, contract cancellation options, and how the state can supervise or liquidate a financially troubled facility.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a continuing care contract and when does it apply?", "Do I have to pay an entrance fee to reserve a living unit, and how is that money protected?", "Can I cancel my continuing care contract and get a refund, and how long do I have to do so?", "What information must a continuing care facility disclose before I sign a contract?", "What is a certificate of authority and why does a provider need one?", "What rights do residents have if the facility is a nursing home or assisted‑living unit?", "What happens to my money if the facility becomes insolvent or is placed under supervision?", "Can a facility advertise as a continuing care facility without a certificate of authority?", "What fees does a provider have to pay to the state for filing disclosures or obtaining a certificate?", "How are entrance‑fee escrow accounts and reserve fund escrows managed and released?" ], "issue_tags": [ "continuing-care-facilities", "disclosure-requirements", "entrance-fee-escrow", "resident-rights", "certificate-of-authority", "financial-solvency", "contract-cancellation" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Continuing Care Facility Disclosure and Rehabilitation Act", "Chapter 246", "Continuing Care Act", "Texas Continuing Care Regulations", "Continuing Care Facility Law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "247", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 247. ASSISTED LIVING FACILITIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/247.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/247.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a licensing system for assisted living facilities in Texas and sets minimum standards for the care, safety, and rights of residents. It outlines how facilities must be inspected, how staff must be trained, and what penalties apply for violations, including operating without a license. The law also defines residents' rights, emergency preparedness requirements, and special rules for facilities that serve people with Alzheimer's disease.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I obtain a license to open an assisted living facility in Texas?", "What are the minimum care standards that an assisted living facility must meet?", "What rights do residents have while living in an assisted living facility?", "What training is required for staff who work in assisted living facilities?", "What penalties apply if a facility operates without a license or violates the standards?", "How often are assisted living facilities inspected and what do inspectors look for?", "What is the process for correcting a violation before a penalty is assessed?", "Are there any exemptions that allow a facility to operate without a license?", "What special requirements apply to facilities that provide care for residents with Alzheimer's disease?", "How does the state handle complaints of abuse, neglect, or exploitation in assisted living facilities?", "What are the emergency preparedness and temperature requirements for assisted living facilities?", "What is a controlling person and how does that affect licensing responsibility?" ], "issue_tags": [ "assisted-living-licensing", "resident-rights", "facility-standards", "inspections", "penalties", "staff-training", "emergency-preparedness" ], "synonyms": [ "Assisted Living Facility Licensing Act", "Texas ALF licensing", "Chapter 247 assisted living rules", "ALF licensing regulations", "Texas assisted living standards" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "248", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 248. SPECIAL CARE FACILITIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/248.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/248.json", "summary": "This chapter creates the Texas Special Care Facility Licensing Act, which requires anyone operating a facility that provides nursing or medical care to people with AIDS or other terminal illnesses to obtain a state license. It sets out the application process, fees, construction and safety standards, inspection and enforcement procedures, and the penalties for non‑compliance. The law also defines how a facility can be designated as a residential AIDS hospice and outlines the rights of residents.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a state license to open a special care facility in Texas?", "How do I apply for a special care facility license and what fees are required?", "Can a special care facility license be transferred or sold to another owner?", "What construction and safety standards must a special care facility meet?", "How often are inspections required and what can the health department look for?", "What are the penalties if I operate a special care facility without a license?", "How can a facility appeal a license suspension or revocation?", "What is a residential AIDS hospice and how does a facility become designated as one?", "Are there any types of facilities that are exempt from these licensing rules?", "What is the process for contesting an administrative penalty for a licensing violation?" ], "issue_tags": [ "special-care-facilities", "licensing", "inspections", "penalties", "residential-aids-hospice", "construction-standards", "enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Special Care Facility Licensing Act", "special care facility regulations", "AIDS hospice licensing rules", "special residential care facility statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "248A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 248A. PRESCRIBED PEDIATRIC EXTENDED CARE CENTERS", "url": "/statutes/HS/248A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/248A.json", "summary": "This chapter creates rules for prescribing, licensing, and operating pediatric extended care centers that provide non‑residential basic services to medically or technologically dependent minors. It sets who may own or run a center, the application process, staffing, building, capacity, service‑hour limits, transportation, record‑keeping, inspections, fees, and enforcement actions. The law also defines the types of minors served and the standards that must be met to protect children’s health and safety.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a prescribed pediatric extended care center?", "Who is allowed to own or operate a pediatric extended care center in Texas?", "Do I need a license to open a pediatric extended care center, and how do I apply?", "What information and documentation are required for a license application?", "How many medically dependent minors can a center serve at one time?", "Can a pediatric extended care center share a building with a daycare or other health facility?", "What services can a center provide and how many hours per day are allowed?", "What are the requirements for transporting children to and from the center?", "What inspections and record‑keeping duties does a center have?", "What penalties apply if a center operates without a license or violates the rules?", "Can a center’s license be transferred or sold to another owner?", "What rights do parents have in deciding treatment for their child at the center?" ], "issue_tags": [ "pediatric-care", "licensing", "child-health", "facility-standards", "compliance", "enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "prescribed pediatric extended care center", "pediatric extended care facility", "pediatric day care center", "medically dependent minor care center", "non‑residential pediatric care center" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "250", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 250. NURSE AIDE REGISTRY AND CRIMINAL HISTORY CHECKS OF EMPLOYEES AND APPLICANTS FOR EMPLOYMENT IN CERTAIN FACILITIES SERVING THE ELDERLY, PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES, OR PERSONS WITH TERMINAL ILLNESSES", "url": "/statutes/HS/250.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/250.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a system for checking the criminal histories of anyone who works or applies to work in facilities that care for the elderly, disabled, or terminally ill. It requires facilities to use the state’s nurse aide registry, to block people with certain convictions from being hired, to conduct annual checks for abuse, and to keep the background information confidential. It also outlines how private agencies can help obtain these records and what penalties apply for improper disclosure.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a criminal background check to be hired at a nursing home or assisted living facility?", "What crimes automatically disqualify someone from working with seniors or disabled adults?", "How often must a facility check its employees for abuse or neglect?", "Can a facility hire someone before a background check is completed, and if so, what are the rules?", "What is the nurse aide registry and how do I get listed on it?", "Who is allowed to request and receive criminal history records for employees?", "What privacy protections apply to the criminal records that are obtained?", "What steps must a facility take if a background check shows a conviction?", "Does a deferred adjudication count as a conviction for employment purposes?", "What are the penalties for improperly releasing a criminal history record?" ], "issue_tags": [ "nurse-aide-registry", "criminal-background-checks", "elder-care-employment", "abuse-prevention", "privacy", "employment-disqualifications" ], "synonyms": [ "Nurse aide registry requirements", "Background check rules for health facilities", "Criminal history screening for elder care workers", "Employee screening in long-term care", "Texas nurse aide registry law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "251", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 251. END STAGE RENAL DISEASE FACILITIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/251.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/251.json", "summary": "Chapter 251 sets the rules for licensing and operating dialysis centers that treat patients with end‑stage renal disease in Texas. It establishes fee structures, minimum standards for staff, equipment, sanitation, and emergency preparedness, and outlines inspection, enforcement, and penalty procedures. The chapter also defines exemptions, training requirements for dialysis technicians, and how corrective actions or temporary management may be used when a facility is out of compliance.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to operate a dialysis clinic in Texas?", "Which types of facilities are exempt from the dialysis‑facility licensing requirement?", "What qualifications and training are required for dialysis technicians?", "How are licensing fees for dialysis centers calculated and when must they be paid?", "What are the minimum standards for equipment, sanitation, and staff supervision at a dialysis facility?", "What emergency preparedness and contingency plans must a dialysis center have?", "How often are inspections conducted and can they be unannounced?", "What penalties apply for operating a dialysis facility without a license or violating the rules?", "What is the process for renewing a dialysis facility license?", "When can the state appoint a temporary manager to run a dialysis center?" ], "issue_tags": [ "licensing", "dialysis-facilities", "emergency-preparedness", "inspections", "penalties", "technician-training", "corrective-action" ], "synonyms": [ "dialysis center regulations", "end-stage renal disease facility licensing", "Texas dialysis facility rules", "ESRD facility statutes", "dialysis clinic licensing requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "252", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 252. INTERMEDIATE CARE FACILITIES FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH AN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY", "url": "/statutes/HS/252.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/252.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for licensing, operating, and inspecting facilities that provide 24‑hour care to people with intellectual disabilities. It establishes standards for safety, health, resident rights, staffing, medication, and respite care, and outlines fees, penalties, and enforcement actions. The law also provides procedures for reporting abuse, handling retaliation, and appointing trustees when a facility must close.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a state license to run a group home for individuals with an intellectual disability?", "What minimum health, safety, and fire standards must an intermediate care facility meet?", "Can a resident be prohibited from speaking their native language while receiving care?", "How are unannounced inspections of these facilities conducted and how often?", "What penalties apply if a facility operates without a license or violates the standards?", "How does the state handle reports of abuse, neglect, or exploitation in these facilities?", "What rights do employees have if they report abuse or retaliation?", "What are the requirements and fees for providing respite care in a licensed facility?", "How is the quality assurance fee calculated and what is it used for?", "When and how can a trustee be appointed to take over a facility that is closing?" ], "issue_tags": [ "licensing", "intellectual-disability", "facility-standards", "inspections", "penalties", "abuse-reporting", "respite-care", "quality-assurance-fee" ], "synonyms": [ "intermediate care facilities for individuals with intellectual disability", "group homes for people with intellectual disabilities", "licensed intellectual disability residential care", "Texas ID facility regulations", "intellectual disability care statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "253", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 253. EMPLOYEE MISCONDUCT; REGISTRY", "url": "/statutes/HS/253.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/253.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a system to investigate and record serious wrongdoing by employees who work in Texas health‑care facilities or for individual employers, such as abuse, neglect, sexual assault, financial exploitation, or emotional abuse. It requires investigations, hearings, and a public registry of those findings, and it forces facilities to check the registry before hiring and each year thereafter. The law also sets out how an employee can appeal a finding and how a person may be removed from the registry.", "questions_answered": [ "What types of employee behavior are considered reportable conduct in Texas health‑care settings?", "How does the state investigate a claim that a nursing home or other health facility employee abused a resident?", "What must a facility do before hiring a new caregiver or staff member?", "Can a facility keep an employee on the job while they appeal a misconduct finding?", "How can I find out if a caregiver is listed in the employee misconduct registry?", "What rights does an employee have if they are accused of abuse or neglect?", "What happens to a report of misconduct that involves a consumer‑directed service option?", "How can a person request removal from the employee misconduct registry?", "Who maintains the employee misconduct registry and who can access it?", "Which types of facilities are covered by this employee misconduct law?" ], "issue_tags": [ "employee-misconduct", "health-facility-abuse", "registry", "investigation", "hiring-screen", "appeal-process" ], "synonyms": [ "Employee Misconduct Registry", "Texas employee misconduct law", "Health facility employee abuse reporting", "HHSC employee misconduct provisions", "Reportable conduct rules for caregivers" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "254", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 254. FREESTANDING EMERGENCY MEDICAL CARE FACILITIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/254.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/254.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for Texas freestanding emergency medical care facilities, requiring them to obtain a license, meet specific design and staffing standards, and provide clear fee and insurance disclosures. It also outlines exemptions, fee structures, advertising limits, and the penalties for non‑compliance, including license suspension or revocation.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to open a freestanding emergency medical care facility in Texas?", "Which types of clinics or hospitals are exempt from the licensing requirement?", "How often must a freestanding emergency facility renew its license and what fees are required?", "What minimum construction, staffing, and equipment standards must my facility meet?", "What information must I post about facility fees, observation fees, and insurance network status?", "Can I charge a facility or observation fee for services provided to a patient in their vehicle?", "What are the advertising rules for claiming in‑network status or displaying insurer logos?", "How do I file a complaint against a freestanding emergency facility?", "What penalties apply if I violate the licensing or disclosure rules?", "What human‑trafficking signage is required at my facility?", "What pricing restrictions apply during a declared state disaster?", "What are the consequences for repeated violations of the facility standards?" ], "issue_tags": [ "licensing", "exemptions", "facility-standards", "fee-disclosures", "advertising-restrictions", "penalties", "human-trafficking" ], "synonyms": [ "freestanding emergency department regulations", "standalone ER rules", "independent emergency care facility licensing", "Texas freestanding emergency medical care statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "255", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 255. QUALITY ASSURANCE EARLY WARNING SYSTEM FOR LONG-TERM CARE FACILITIES; RAPID RESPONSE TEAMS", "url": "/statutes/HS/255.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/255.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a system for the Texas Department of Aging and Disability Services to watch nursing homes, assisted living facilities, and other long‑term care homes. It uses data and on‑site quality‑of‑care monitors to spot problems early, conducts regular or surprise visits, and can send rapid response teams when serious threats to residents are found. The department must report on how well the system works each year.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas detect problems in nursing homes and assisted living facilities before they become serious?", "What is the early warning system for long‑term care facilities and how does it work?", "Who can conduct unannounced inspections of a long‑term care facility?", "What qualifications must a quality‑of‑care monitor have?", "Can a resident or family member request a monitoring visit?", "What actions are taken if a monitor finds an immediate threat to a resident’s health or safety?", "How soon must the department follow up after an initial monitoring visit?", "What are rapid response teams and when are they deployed to a facility?", "What must a facility do if a rapid response team is sent?", "Are rapid response teams allowed to help a facility prepare for a regular state survey?", "How are the findings from monitoring visits communicated to the facility?", "Who receives the annual report on the early warning system’s effectiveness?" ], "issue_tags": [ "quality-assurance", "early-warning", "long-term-care", "rapid-response", "monitoring-visits", "resident-safety" ], "synonyms": [ "Quality Assurance Early Warning System", "Long-Term Care Facility Monitoring", "Rapid Response Teams for Nursing Homes", "Department of Aging and Disability Services monitoring program", "Texas long-term care quality monitoring" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "256", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 256. SAFE PATIENT HANDLING, MOVEMENT, AND DISCHARGE PRACTICES", "url": "/statutes/HS/256.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/256.json", "summary": "This chapter tells hospitals and nursing homes they must create and follow a written plan to protect patients and nurses from injuries when patients are lifted, moved, or repositioned. It also sets rules for sending patients to group homes or similar facilities, requiring those facilities to be licensed unless none are available or the patient chooses an unlicensed one, and limits the hospital’s liability for those discharges.", "questions_answered": [ "What safety policies does my hospital need for moving patients?", "How must a nursing home protect nurses and patients from injury during transfers?", "What training is required for nurses on safe patient handling?", "Do we have to use equipment instead of manual lifting whenever possible?", "Can a nurse refuse to move a patient if they think it’s unsafe?", "What must be reported each year about patient handling safety?", "Can a hospital discharge a patient to a group home that isn’t licensed?", "When is it allowed to send a patient to an unlicensed group home?", "What happens if there are no licensed group homes in the county?", "Is the hospital liable if a patient is harmed after being discharged to a group home?", "Do building plans need to consider space for patient‑handling equipment?", "Who must approve the safe‑handling policy in a hospital or nursing home?" ], "issue_tags": [ "safe-patient-handling", "patient-discharge", "nursing-home-policy", "injury-prevention", "licensing-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "Safe Patient Handling Regulations", "Patient Transfer Safety Rules", "Hospital Patient Movement Policy", "Group Home Discharge Requirements", "Patient Handling and Discharge Chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "257", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 257. NURSE STAFFING", "url": "/statutes/HS/257.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/257.json", "summary": "This chapter requires Texas hospitals to adopt a written nurse staffing policy and create a standing nurse staffing committee made up mostly of registered nurses. The committee must develop an official staffing plan based on patient needs, report annually to the state health department, and protect nurses from retaliation for speaking up. The health commission enforces the rules and provides a process for handling complaints.", "questions_answered": [ "Does my hospital have to have a written nurse staffing policy?", "What is a nurse staffing committee and who must be on it?", "How often must the nurse staffing committee meet?", "What does the official nurse staffing plan need to include?", "How does a hospital use the staffing plan in its budget and nurse assignments?", "What annual reports does a hospital have to submit about nurse staffing?", "Are nurses protected from retaliation if they raise staffing concerns?", "What happens if a nurse files a complaint about staffing violations?", "Who enforces the nurse staffing requirements in Texas hospitals?", "Do nurses get paid for time spent on the staffing committee?", "What patient‑care outcomes must the committee track?", "Can a hospital be penalized for not following the nurse staffing rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "nurse-staffing", "hospital-governance", "retaliation-protection", "reporting-requirements", "staffing-committee", "patient-safety", "compliance" ], "synonyms": [ "Nurse Staffing Chapter", "Hospital Nurse Staffing Requirements", "Texas Nurse Staffing Law", "Nurse Staffing Policy and Committee Rules", "Nurse Staffing Compliance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "258", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 258. MANDATORY OVERTIME FOR NURSES PROHIBITED", "url": "/statutes/HS/258.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/258.json", "summary": "Texas law bars hospitals from requiring nurses to work mandatory overtime, and lets nurses refuse such demands. The rule allows nurses to volunteer for extra hours, but on‑call time cannot be used as a substitute. Exceptions exist for disasters, emergencies, or when a nurse is needed to finish a medical procedure. The Health and Human Services Commission enforces the law and handles complaints, while protecting nurses from retaliation.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my hospital force me to work extra hours beyond my scheduled shift?", "What does \"mandatory overtime\" mean for nurses?", "Am I allowed to refuse mandatory overtime without losing my job?", "Can my employer discipline me for refusing overtime or reporting a violation?", "Are there any situations where a hospital can require overtime from nurses?", "Does on‑call time count as mandatory overtime?", "Can I volunteer to work overtime if I want to?", "How do I file a complaint if my hospital violates the overtime rule?", "Who is responsible for enforcing the nurse overtime prohibition?", "Does the law apply during a natural disaster or other emergency?", "What protections do I have if I report a violation of this law?", "What steps must a hospital take before requiring overtime in an emergency?" ], "issue_tags": [ "nurse-overtime", "hospital-employment", "retaliation-protection", "emergency-exceptions", "health-facility-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "mandatory overtime prohibition for nurses", "Texas nurse overtime law", "hospital nurse work hour restrictions", "nurse overtime ban", "mandatory overtime ban for nurses" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "259", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 259. SURGICAL TECHNOLOGISTS AT HEALTH CARE FACILITIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/259.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/259.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas health care facilities what qualifications a person must have to work as a surgical technologist, including required education, certification, and ongoing training. It also explains how facilities must verify those credentials and what penalties apply if they don’t follow the rules.", "questions_answered": [ "What education or training do I need to become a surgical technologist in Texas?", "Do I have to be certified to work as a surgical technologist in a Texas hospital?", "Can I work as a surgical technologist right after I graduate, or is there a waiting period?", "What continuing education is required for a surgical technologist to keep my certification current?", "What happens if my employer doesn’t check my certification or continuing education records?", "Are military or federal service members automatically qualified to work as surgical technologists in Texas hospitals?", "Can a hospital hire a surgical technologist who doesn’t meet the certification requirements?", "Do the rules for surgical technologists apply to nurses or cleaning staff?", "What agency enforces the rules for surgical technologists in Texas?", "What penalties can a health care facility face for violating the surgical technologist requirements?" ], "issue_tags": [ "surgical-technologist", "certification", "continuing-education", "health-facility-employment", "texas-health-law" ], "synonyms": [ "Surgical technologist licensing", "Operating room technician regulations", "Texas surgical tech requirements", "Surgical technology employment rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "260", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 260. BOARDING HOME FACILITIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/260.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/260.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for boarding homes that house three or more elderly or disabled residents who are not related to the owner. It defines what services these homes can offer, requires local permits and safety standards, and outlines inspection, posting, and reporting requirements. It also establishes penalties for operating without a permit or failing to report abuse.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license or permit to operate a boarding home for seniors or disabled adults?", "What types of services can a boarding home provide without needing a personal care license?", "Are hotels, retirement communities, or monasteries exempt from these boarding home rules?", "What safety and sanitation standards must a boarding home meet?", "What information must a boarding home post publicly for residents and visitors?", "What are the penalties for operating a boarding home without the required permit?", "How must abuse, neglect, or exploitation of residents be reported?", "Can a county or city require a boarding home to obtain a permit and follow local standards?", "What fees can a local government charge for boarding home permits and inspections?", "Can a boarding home be excluded from a residential area by zoning laws?", "What are the requirements for staff background checks and training in a boarding home?", "What does “assistance with self‑administering medication” include?" ], "issue_tags": [ "boarding-home", "assisted-living", "licensing", "inspections", "abuse-reporting", "local-permits", "safety-standards" ], "synonyms": [ "boarding home facilities", "assisted living homes", "elderly boarding homes", "disability boarding homes", "residential care homes", "board‑and‑care homes", "Texas boarding home regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "260A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 260A. REPORTS OF ABUSE, NEGLECT, AND EXPLOITATION OF RESIDENTS OF CERTAIN FACILITIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/260A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/260A.json", "summary": "This chapter requires anyone who knows or suspects that a resident in a Texas health, assisted living, or pediatric extended care facility has been abused, neglected, or exploited to report it right away. It sets up a state hotline, outlines what must be included in a report, and mandates prompt investigations by the Department of Aging and Disability Services and local law enforcement. The law also protects reporters from retaliation, provides immunity for good‑faith reports, and imposes criminal penalties for failure to report or for false reports.", "questions_answered": [ "What should I do if I think a resident in a nursing home is being abused or neglected?", "Am I required to report suspected abuse of a resident in an assisted living facility?", "Can I make an anonymous report of abuse, neglect, or exploitation?", "What information must I include when I report suspected abuse of a resident?", "Who investigates reports of abuse or neglect in a health facility?", "How quickly does the state have to start an investigation after a report is made?", "What protections do employees have if they report abuse or neglect?", "What are the penalties for failing to report suspected abuse or for making a false report?", "Is there a hotline I can call to report abuse of a resident?", "What does the law define as exploitation of a resident’s resources?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mandatory-reporting", "elder-care", "facility-oversight", "whistleblower-protection", "abuse-investigation", "texas-health-law" ], "synonyms": [ "Resident abuse reporting requirements", "Texas facility abuse reporting statute", "Mandatory reporting of elder abuse in Texas", "Health facility abuse and neglect law", "Texas elder abuse reporting law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "260B", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 260B. RIGHT TO ESSENTIAL CAREGIVER VISITS FOR CERTAIN RESIDENTS", "url": "/statutes/HS/260B.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/260B.json", "summary": "This chapter lets people living in nursing homes, assisted‑living centers, or certain community residences name an \"essential caregiver\"—a family member, friend, or other chosen individual—who can visit them in person for at least two hours each day. Facilities must create visitation policies, allow physical contact, and follow state guidelines, but they can only suspend visits for limited periods when there is a serious health risk. If a caregiver breaks safety rules, the facility can remove them, and the resident can immediately name a replacement, with an appeal process available. The law does not require the caregiver to provide any medical or personal care.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I pick a family member or friend to visit me daily in my nursing home?", "How many hours per day must a nursing home allow my caregiver to visit?", "What can a facility do if my chosen caregiver breaks safety rules?", "Can a nursing home stop my caregiver’s visits because of a health outbreak?", "Do I need to sign anything for my caregiver to visit the facility?", "What types of facilities are covered by this caregiver visitation rule?", "Can I change my essential caregiver if I’m not happy with the first one?", "Is the facility allowed to set stricter rules for my caregiver than for staff?", "What is the process to appeal if my caregiver’s visitation rights are revoked?", "Does the law require my caregiver to help with my daily care?" ], "issue_tags": [ "resident-rights", "essential-caregiver", "facility-visitation", "nursing-facility", "appeals-process", "health-safety" ], "synonyms": [ "essential caregiver visitation rights", "resident caregiver visit law", "Texas health facility visitation rule", "caregiver access statute", "resident visitation entitlement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "260C", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 260C. IN-PERSON VISITATION WITH RELIGIOUS COUNSELOR", "url": "/statutes/HS/260C.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/260C.json", "summary": "This chapter says that during a declared public health emergency, health care facilities cannot block a patient or resident from having an in‑person visit with a religious counselor if the patient or their authorized representative asks for it. Facilities may set safety rules, limit the time or place of visits, and require counselors to follow those rules, but they must still allow the visit unless a federal law specifically forbids it.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a hospital stop a patient from seeing a pastor during a pandemic?", "Do nursing home residents have the right to have a religious counselor visit them in person during a health emergency?", "What can a health care facility require from a religious counselor before allowing a visit?", "Can a facility limit the time or location of a religious counselor’s visit during a public health crisis?", "Who can request an in‑person religious counselor visit if the patient is unable to speak for themselves?", "Are there any circumstances where a facility can deny a religious counselor visit during an emergency?", "What safety guidelines must facilities follow for religious counselor visits?", "Does federal law ever override this chapter’s rules on religious visits?", "How does this law apply to assisted living facilities and special care facilities?", "What special considerations are given to end‑of‑life patients regarding religious counselor visits?" ], "issue_tags": [ "religious-visitation", "patient-rights", "public-health-emergency", "healthcare-facilities", "spiritual-care" ], "synonyms": [ "in-person religious counselor visitation", "spiritual counseling access", "religious visitation rights", "religious counselor visits during emergencies", "patient religious visit provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "260D", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 260D. POSTING OF OFFICE OF STATE LONG-TERM CARE OMBUDSMAN INFORMATION BY CERTAIN FACILITIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/260D.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/260D.json", "summary": "This chapter requires nursing homes, assisted‑living homes, and other long‑term care facilities in Texas to display information about the state long‑term care ombudsman on their websites. The posting must include a description of the ombudsman's role as a resident advocate and the statewide toll‑free phone number. Facilities without their own website can use their parent company's site, and if no website exists at all, the requirement does not apply.", "questions_answered": [ "Do nursing homes have to put the state ombudsman's contact info on their website?", "What information must a long‑term care facility post online about the ombudsman?", "Can a facility meet the posting rule by using its parent company's website?", "What happens if a long‑term care facility does not have any website?", "Which types of facilities are covered by this posting requirement?", "Where can I find the toll‑free number for the Texas long‑term care ombudsman?", "Is the ombudsman's role as an advocate required to be described on the facility’s site?", "Does this rule also apply to assisted‑living facilities?", "When did the requirement to post ombudsman information become effective?", "Why does the state require ombudsman information to be posted online?" ], "issue_tags": [ "long-term-care", "ombudsman", "website-posting", "nursing-facilities", "assisted-living", "consumer-protection" ], "synonyms": [ "Office of State Long-Term Care Ombudsman posting rule", "Texas long-term care ombudsman website requirement", "Long-term care facility internet disclosure law", "Ombudsman information posting statute", "State ombudsman contact posting mandate" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "261", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 261. MUNICIPAL HOSPITALS", "url": "/statutes/HS/261.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/261.json", "summary": "This chapter gives Texas cities (type A general‑law municipalities) the power to create, run, sell, lease, or close hospitals they own. It requires a voter election if a petition with at least 10% of qualified voters asks for a sale or closure, and it sets rules for leasing hospitals in towns of 25,000 people or fewer. The chapter also treats nonprofit contractors that manage municipal hospitals as government units for liability purposes.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my city build and operate its own hospital?", "Does a city need voter approval to sell or close a municipal hospital?", "What percentage of voters must sign a petition to trigger an election on a hospital sale or closure?", "How long can a small city (population 25,000 or less) lease part of its hospital?", "What steps must a city follow to lease a municipal hospital?", "Can a city prohibit private hospitals from being established?", "What happens if a majority of voters reject a hospital sale or closure proposal?", "Are nonprofit companies that run a municipal hospital considered government employees for liability?", "What legal protections apply to employees of a municipal hospital management contractor?", "Can a city sell only part of its hospital property?", "Who must sign a lease agreement for a municipal hospital?", "What is the maximum lease term allowed for a small municipality's hospital?" ], "issue_tags": [ "municipal-hospitals", "hospital-sale", "hospital-lease", "nonprofit-liability", "local-government", "hospital-governance" ], "synonyms": [ "municipal hospital statutes", "local hospital regulations", "city hospital authority", "type A municipality hospital rules", "municipal hospital management contractor liability" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "262", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 262. MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL AUTHORITIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/262.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/262.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas cities set up municipal hospital authorities to build, own, operate, or lease hospitals and related health facilities. The authority is run by a board appointed by the city, can issue revenue bonds, and is tax‑exempt, but it cannot levy taxes itself. It also outlines how the authority can be dissolved, sell assets, borrow money, and use funds for public health projects.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a city create a municipal hospital authority?", "Who appoints the board of directors for a hospital authority and how long do they serve?", "Can a municipal hospital authority issue revenue bonds to fund a hospital?", "What are the rules for selling or closing a hospital owned by the authority?", "How is the authority’s property taxed?", "What happens if a municipality wants to dissolve a hospital authority?", "Can the authority borrow money or take out loans?", "What powers does the authority have to acquire land or use eminent domain?", "How are employees, managers, and legal counsel hired by the authority?", "Can the authority accept gifts or endowments?", "What can the authority do with its funds after a hospital is sold or closed?", "How are public health facilities for the elderly or disabled handled under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "municipal-hospital-authority", "hospital-bonds", "board-governance", "tax-exemption", "dissolution", "public-health-funding" ], "synonyms": [ "Hospital Authority Act", "municipal hospital authority", "local hospital authority", "city hospital authority", "Texas hospital authority statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "263", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 263. COUNTY HOSPITALS AND OTHER HEALTH FACILITIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/263.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/263.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out how Texas counties can create, expand, operate, sell, lease, or close county hospitals and other health facilities. It outlines the roles of the commissioners court, board of managers, and superintendent, and details funding methods like bonds and revenue bonds. The law also governs patient admission, payment limits, and public oversight through elections and inspections.", "questions_answered": [ "How can my county start a new county hospital or add to an existing one?", "Can two or more neighboring counties share a hospital, and what are the requirements?", "What steps must the county take to get voter approval for hospital bonds?", "How does a county sell or lease its hospital, and when is a public vote needed?", "What powers does the board of managers have over a county hospital?", "Who appoints the hospital superintendent and what are their duties?", "How are patients admitted to a county hospital and what payment rules apply?", "What options does a county have for funding hospital construction or improvements?", "What is the process for closing a county hospital or part of it?", "How are inspections and public reports of county hospitals handled?" ], "issue_tags": [ "county-hospital", "health-facility", "bond-issuance", "board-of-managers", "patient-admission", "hospital-sale", "hospital-closure" ], "synonyms": [ "county hospital statutes", "Texas county health facility law", "local hospital provisions", "county medical facility regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "264", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 264. COUNTY HOSPITAL AUTHORITIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/264.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/264.json", "summary": "This chapter gives Texas counties the power to create a County Hospital Authority, a public entity that can build, buy, operate, lease, and manage hospitals and related health facilities. It sets out how the authority is governed, how it can issue revenue bonds, borrow money, acquire land, accept gifts, and sell or close facilities, including provisions for services to the disabled and elderly.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a county create a County Hospital Authority?", "Who appoints the board of directors for a County Hospital Authority and how long do they serve?", "Can a County Hospital Authority issue revenue bonds to fund hospital projects?", "What powers does a County Hospital Authority have to acquire, build, or lease hospitals?", "How can a County Hospital Authority sell or close a hospital it owns?", "What emergency borrowing options are available to a County Hospital Authority?", "Can the authority use eminent domain to acquire land for a hospital?", "Is the authority allowed to accept gifts or endowments for health facilities?", "How are rates set to ensure the authority can pay bond interest and operating costs?", "Can the authority form or work with a nonprofit corporation to run health services?" ], "issue_tags": [ "county-hospital-authority", "hospital-bonding", "health-facility-governance", "eminent-domain", "nonprofit-collaboration", "emergency-financing", "facility-sale", "disabled-elderly-care" ], "synonyms": [ "County Hospital Authority Act", "County Hospital Authority", "Local Hospital Authority", "County health authority", "Hospital authority statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "265", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 265. JOINT MUNICIPAL AND COUNTY HOSPITALS", "url": "/statutes/HS/265.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/265.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how Texas counties and municipalities can work together to create, fund, and run joint hospitals. It covers the formation of hospital boards, financing through taxes, bonds, and loans, and rules for managing hospital property, services, and possible sale or closure. It also includes special provisions for large counties, tuberculosis control programs, and restrictions on using hospital earnings for private benefit.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a county and a city team up to build and operate a hospital?", "How do county and municipal officials appoint a board to manage a joint hospital?", "What taxes or bonds can be used to finance a joint municipal‑county hospital?", "What are the limits on tax rates that can be levied for hospital projects?", "How can a joint hospital issue revenue bonds or take out loans?", "Who is allowed to use the hospital’s earnings and assets?", "What happens to hospital property if the board of managers is dissolved?", "How can a joint hospital be sold, leased, or closed, and what voter approval is required?", "What tuberculosis control programs are authorized under this chapter?", "Can a county or municipality sue or be sued on behalf of the joint hospital?" ], "issue_tags": [ "joint-hospital", "county-municipal", "hospital-financing", "board-of-managers", "hospital-bonds", "public-health", "hospital-property" ], "synonyms": [ "Joint municipal and county hospitals", "County‑city hospital collaboration", "County‑municipality hospital program", "Joint hospital board", "County‑municipal hospital financing" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "281", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 281. HOSPITAL DISTRICTS IN COUNTIES OF AT LEAST 190,000", "url": "/statutes/HS/281.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/281.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas counties with at least 190,000 residents set up a hospital district to provide medical and hospital care for indigent and needy people. It explains how a district is created by voter approval, how the board is appointed, and what powers the district has—like levying taxes, issuing bonds, acquiring property, hiring staff, and contracting for services. It also covers the district’s administration, finances, and rules for managing assets and employees.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my county create a hospital district to serve indigent residents?", "What steps are required to create a hospital district in a Texas county?", "How is the board of a hospital district chosen and how many members does it have?", "What taxes can a hospital district levy and how are they collected?", "Can a hospital district issue bonds or other financing instruments?", "What authority does a hospital district have to acquire, lease, or sell property?", "Can a hospital district hire physicians, nurses, or other health‑care providers?", "How does a hospital district handle employee retirement programs and compensation?", "What are the rules for removing or resigning a board member of a hospital district?", "Can a hospital district sue or be sued, and who represents it in court?", "How does a hospital district contract with other government agencies or private hospitals?", "What powers does a hospital district have to use eminent domain?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hospital-district", "health-care-funding", "tax-authority", "bond-issuance", "district-governance", "property-transfer", "eminent-domain", "indigent-care" ], "synonyms": [ "county hospital district", "Texas hospital district law", "hospital district creation", "hospital district authority", "countywide hospital district", "hospital district statutes", "hospital district governance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "282", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 282. HOSPITAL DISTRICTS IN COUNTIES OF 75,000 OR LESS", "url": "/statutes/HS/282.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/282.json", "summary": "Chapter 282 lets Texas counties with 75,000 residents or fewer set up a public hospital district. It explains how a petition is filed, how voters approve the district, how a board is elected, how the district can borrow money, levy taxes, and later convert to a constitutional district. The chapter also covers the district’s powers over property, contracts, and hospital services, and sets rules for finances and audits.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a small county start a public hospital district?", "What voter approval is needed to create a hospital district?", "What are the petition requirements and filing fees for a hospital district election?", "How are board members for a new hospital district chosen and how long do they serve?", "Can a hospital district issue bonds and what limits apply to those bonds?", "How does a hospital district raise money through property taxes?", "What powers does a hospital district have over land, buildings, and equipment?", "How are the district’s finances managed, audited, and reported each year?", "What is the process for converting a Chapter 282 hospital district to a constitutional district?", "Can a hospital district hire a superintendent and other officers, and what are their duties?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hospital-district-creation", "small-county-health", "district-governance", "bond-issuance", "tax-authority", "district-conversion", "board-elections" ], "synonyms": [ "County Hospital Districts", "Public Hospital Districts", "Small County Hospital Districts", "Hospital Districts under Chapter 282", "Health and Safety Code Chapter 282" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "283", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 283. OPTIONAL HOSPITAL DISTRICT LAW OF 1957", "url": "/statutes/HS/283.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/283.json", "summary": "This chapter gives Texas counties the ability to create a hospital district that provides medical and hospital care for indigent and needy residents. It outlines how the district is formed, governed, financed through taxes and bonds, and how it can take over existing hospitals, hire staff, and even use eminent domain. The law also covers how the district can be converted to or from other types of hospital districts.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a county create a hospital district for indigent care?", "What voter approval is needed to start a hospital district?", "Can a hospital district take over an existing county or municipal hospital?", "What taxes can a hospital district levy and how are they limited?", "How does a hospital district issue bonds to fund its facilities?", "What powers does a hospital district have to acquire property?", "How are the board and administrator of a hospital district appointed and compensated?", "What rules must a hospital district follow when hiring doctors and staff?", "How does a hospital district define who is indigent or needy for admission?", "What penalties exist for lying about ability to pay for hospital care?", "How can a hospital district be converted to a different type of district?", "What is the process for increasing the hospital district tax rate?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hospital-district", "tax-authority", "bond-issuance", "indigent-care", "district-conversion", "eminent-domain", "district-governance" ], "synonyms": [ "Optional Hospital District Law of 1957", "Texas Hospital District Act", "Hospital District Creation Statute", "Hospital District Financing Law", "Hospital District Conversion Statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "284", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 284. SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO HOSPITAL DISTRICT BONDS", "url": "/statutes/HS/284.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/284.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas counties with at least 200,000 people and their hospital districts how they can issue revenue bonds to build, repair, or equip hospitals. It sets limits on bond terms, security, approval by the attorney general, use of proceeds, tax funding, budgeting, and also explains how hospital districts can issue or refinance bonds and when an advisory election is required.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a county issue revenue bonds to fund a new hospital building?", "Are county bonds allowed to be used to buy a nursing home for long‑term care?", "How long can a hospital district revenue bond mature?", "Who must review and approve the bond issuance before it can be sold?", "What types of revenue can be pledged as security for hospital bonds?", "Can bond proceeds be used to pay interest while the hospital is under construction?", "How are ad valorem taxes used to cover hospital operating and maintenance costs?", "What steps must a hospital district follow to issue its own revenue bonds?", "When is an advisory election required before a county issues hospital district bonds?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hospital-bonds", "revenue-bonds", "hospital-district", "county-authority", "bond-security", "bond-refunding", "bond-election" ], "synonyms": [ "Special provisions for hospital district bonds", "Hospital district revenue bond rules", "County hospital bond authority", "Hospital financing statutes", "Hospital district bond issuance guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "285", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 285. SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO HOSPITAL DISTRICTS", "url": "/statutes/HS/285.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/285.json", "summary": "Chapter 285 sets out special rules for Texas hospital districts, covering how they can get short‑term financing, issue bonds, and use sales taxes to fund operations. It also governs the construction of parking facilities, the appointment of tax officials, the sale or closure of hospitals, and the governance of district boards, including elections and term lengths. Additional provisions address nonprofit contractors, long‑term care services, abortion funding restrictions, and what happens to assets if a district is dissolved.", "questions_answered": [ "How can a large county hospital district get cash to pay operating expenses before tax revenue arrives?", "Can a hospital district issue bonds to build or operate a parking garage near its hospital?", "What are the rules for a hospital district to adopt, change, or repeal a sales and use tax?", "How does a hospital district sell, lease, or close a hospital building?", "What is the process for voters to approve an increase in a hospital district’s ad valorem tax rate?", "Are nonprofit contractors that manage a hospital district treated like government employees for liability purposes?", "How can a hospital district set staggered three‑year or four‑year terms for its board members?", "What happens to a hospital district’s assets and debts if the district is dissolved?", "Can a hospital district create a nonprofit corporation to own and run ancillary health facilities?", "What limits exist on the maximum ad valorem tax rate a hospital district can levy?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hospital-district-financing", "hospital-district-taxation", "hospital-district-governance", "hospital-district-bonds", "hospital-district-parking", "hospital-district-nonprofit" ], "synonyms": [ "special provisions for hospital districts", "hospital district financing rules", "hospital district governance statutes", "hospital district tax and bond authority", "hospital district operational provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "286", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 286. HOSPITAL DISTRICTS CREATED BY VOTER APPROVAL", "url": "/statutes/HS/286.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/286.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out how a Texas hospital district can be created, run, and dissolved. It describes the petition and election process, the board’s composition and duties, the district’s power to levy taxes, issue bonds, acquire property, and provide care, especially for indigent patients. It also covers how the district can expand, manage its finances, and handle assets and debts if it is dissolved.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I start a new hospital district in Texas?", "What number of voter signatures are required to petition for a hospital district?", "What steps must be taken after a petition is filed to get a district created?", "How is the election for creating a hospital district conducted and what does the ballot look like?", "How are the directors of a newly created hospital district chosen and how long do they serve?", "Can a hospital district levy property taxes or sales taxes, and what are the limits?", "What is the process for a hospital district to issue general obligation or revenue bonds?", "How does a hospital district acquire land, buildings, and equipment for its hospitals?", "What responsibilities does a hospital district have for providing care to patients who can’t pay?", "How can a hospital district expand its boundaries or annex new territory?", "What happens to a hospital district’s assets and debts if the district is dissolved?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hospital-district-creation", "district-governance", "tax-authority", "bond-issuance", "indigent-care", "district-dissolution", "eminent-domain" ], "synonyms": [ "hospital district formation", "hospital district establishment", "Texas hospital district law", "hospital district statutes", "hospital district governance", "hospital district creation process" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "287", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 287. HEALTH SERVICES DISTRICTS", "url": "/statutes/HS/287.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/287.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up health services districts, which are created by counties or hospital districts to provide health care to low‑income residents. It explains how districts are formed, funded, governed, and what services they can offer, as well as how they manage property, issue bonds, and eventually dissolve. The rules cover board appointments, budgeting, audits, and the limits on taxes and debt.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a county or hospital district create a health services district?", "What health care services must a health services district provide to indigent residents?", "Who serves on the board of a health services district and how are they chosen?", "What are the funding sources and financial contribution rules for a health services district?", "Can a health services district issue bonds and what types are allowed?", "What powers does a health services district have over property, facilities, and equipment?", "How are budgets prepared, approved, and audited for a health services district?", "What are the steps to dissolve a health services district and handle its assets?", "Can a health services district charge patients or use a sliding‑fee scale?", "What restrictions exist on taxes and general‑obligation debt for a health services district?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-services-district", "district-creation", "funding", "governance", "bonds", "dissolution", "indigent-care" ], "synonyms": [ "health services district", "health district", "health services authority", "public health district", "district health services" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "288", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 288. HEALTH CARE FUNDING DISTRICTS IN CERTAIN COUNTIES LOCATED ON TEXAS-MEXICO BORDER", "url": "/statutes/HS/288.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/288.json", "summary": "This chapter lets certain Texas-Mexico border counties set up health care funding districts that can charge hospitals a mandatory payment. The money collected is placed in a local fund and used to help pay the non‑federal share of Medicaid supplemental programs, indigent care, and district expenses. The district is run by the county commissioners court, must hold public hearings, and follows strict rules on how payments are calculated and spent.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a county on the Texas‑Mexico border create a health care funding district?", "Which hospitals are required to make the mandatory payment?", "How is the amount of the mandatory payment determined?", "What can the district do with the money it collects?", "Do hospital representatives get a chance to speak before a payment is set?", "When must the district hold a public hearing about the payment?", "Can the district charge interest, penalties, or discounts on late payments?", "What is the local provider participation fund and how is it used?", "How often must the district update the mandatory payment amount?", "Can a health care funding district be dissolved, and how?", "Is the district considered a separate political entity from the county?", "What limits the district’s administrative expenses from the collected payments?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-care-funding", "mandatory-hospital-payments", "medicaid-supplemental", "border-counties", "district-governance", "hospital-financing" ], "synonyms": [ "health care funding districts", "border county health districts", "mandatory hospital payment program", "Texas‑Mexico border health financing", "institutional health care provider payments", "local provider participation fund" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "289", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 289. COUNTY HEALTH CARE FUNDING DISTRICTSIN CERTAIN COUNTIES LOCATED ON TEXAS-MEXICO BORDER THATHAVE POPULATION OF LESS THAN 300,000", "url": "/statutes/HS/289.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/289.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up special health‑care funding districts in certain Texas‑Mexico border counties with populations under 300,000. Each district is run by a five‑member commission that can levy a tax on outpatient hospital visits to help pay Medicaid supplemental funds, indigent care, and district expenses. The law also details how the commission is appointed, how budgets and taxes are approved, and how records and finances are made public.", "questions_answered": [ "Which Texas counties are eligible to create a health‑care funding district?", "How is the commission that runs a health‑care funding district formed?", "What qualifications must a commission member have?", "What types of taxes can the district impose?", "How is the outpatient tax calculated and what is the maximum rate?", "What can the tax revenue be used for?", "Do district taxpayers get a chance to comment on the budget?", "What happens to district funds if the district is abolished?", "Can the district sue or be sued in court?", "How can the public inspect the district’s records and financial statements?" ], "issue_tags": [ "county-health-district", "outpatient-tax", "medicaid-funding", "district-governance", "public-oversight", "tax-collection" ], "synonyms": [ "County Health Care Funding Districts", "Health Care Funding Districts", "Border County Health Districts", "Outpatient Service Tax", "Medicaid Supplemental Tax District" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "290", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 290. COUNTY HEALTH CARE FUNDING DISTRICTS IN CERTAIN COUNTIES WITH POPULATION OF 2.1 MILLION OR LESS", "url": "/statutes/HS/290.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/290.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up county health care funding districts in Texas counties with populations under 2.1 million, especially where a large city is located. Each district is run by a five‑member commission that can levy a tax on emergency‑room visits to help pay for Medicaid supplemental payments and indigent care, and it must follow strict budgeting, auditing, and public‑notice rules. The commission members are appointed by local officials, serve without pay, and the district operates as a political subdivision of the state.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a county health care funding district and why is it created?", "Which counties are eligible to have a health care funding district?", "How are members of the district commission chosen and what qualifications do they need?", "What powers does the district commission have to impose taxes?", "How is the emergency‑room tax calculated and what is the maximum rate?", "What can the tax revenue be used for?", "Do taxpayers get a chance to review or comment on the district’s budget?", "How often are district commissioners elected or appointed and how long do they serve?", "Can the district be sued or sue others in court?", "What records does the district have to keep and are they open to the public?", "How are the district’s funds deposited and audited?", "What approval is needed to change the district’s tax rules or procedures?" ], "issue_tags": [ "county-health-funding", "emergency-room-tax", "medicaid-supplement", "district-governance", "public-budget", "tax-collection", "health-care-funding" ], "synonyms": [ "county health care funding district", "health care funding district", "district commission", "emergency room tax", "medicaid supplemental payment program", "health care tax district" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "291", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 291. COUNTY HEALTH CARE PROVIDER PARTICIPATION PROGRAM IN CERTAIN COUNTIES IN THE TEXAS-LOUISIANA BORDER REGION", "url": "/statutes/HS/291.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/291.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a program for certain Texas-Louisiana border counties that don’t have a hospital district, requiring nonpublic hospitals to pay a mandatory fee based on their net patient revenue. The money collected is placed in a local fund that can be used for Medicaid supplemental payments, indigent care, and limited administrative costs, but not for expanding Medicaid eligibility. County commissioners must approve the program, hold public hearings, and follow specific rules for collecting and spending the funds.", "questions_answered": [ "Which counties are required to join this program?", "What defines a nonpublic hospital that must pay the mandatory fee?", "How is the mandatory payment amount calculated for each hospital?", "Can a hospital add the mandatory payment to a patient’s bill?", "What types of expenses can the county use the collected money for?", "What uses of the fund are prohibited?", "What voting or approval steps does the county need to take before collecting payments?", "What reporting or record‑inspection requirements do hospitals have?", "How are interest, penalties, or discounts handled if a payment is late?", "Can the county change the payment rules after they are adopted?" ], "issue_tags": [ "county-healthcare", "mandatory-payments", "medicaid-supplement", "hospital-funding", "indigent-care", "texas-border" ], "synonyms": [ "county health care provider participation program", "mandatory hospital payment program", "local provider participation fund", "Texas-Louisiana border county hospital fee", "nonpublic hospital contribution scheme" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "291A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 291A. COUNTY HEALTH CARE PROVIDER PARTICIPATION PROGRAM IN CERTAIN COUNTIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/291A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/291A.json", "summary": "This chapter lets certain Texas counties set up a program that requires nonpublic hospitals to pay a mandatory fee based on their net patient revenue. The collected money goes into a local fund that can be used for Medicaid supplemental payments, indigent care, and the county's administrative costs. The law outlines how counties adopt the program, vote on fees, hold public hearings, and manage the fund, while limiting how much hospitals can be charged and prohibiting the fee from being passed on to patients.", "questions_answered": [ "Which counties are required to participate in this program?", "What is a mandatory payment and how is the amount calculated for a hospital?", "Can a hospital add the mandatory payment to a patient's bill?", "What voting or approval does a county need to start collecting the payment?", "What financial reports must hospitals provide to the county?", "How can the county use the money collected in the local fund?", "What are the limits on the percentage of revenue a hospital can be charged?", "Can a hospital receive a refund if it overpays the mandatory fee?", "How are interest, penalties, and discounts handled for late payments?", "Can the fund be used to expand Medicaid eligibility or other programs?" ], "issue_tags": [ "county-health-care", "mandatory-payments", "medicaid-supplemental", "hospital-funding", "local-fund-management" ], "synonyms": [ "county health care provider participation program", "local provider participation fund", "mandatory hospital payment program", "Texas county hospital contribution scheme" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "292", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 292. COUNTY HEALTH CARE PROVIDER PARTICIPATION PROGRAM IN CERTAIN COUNTIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/292.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/292.json", "summary": "This chapter lets certain Texas counties that don’t have a hospital district set up a program to collect a required payment from non‑public hospitals. The money goes into a local fund that can be used for Medicaid supplemental payments, indigent care, and the county’s administrative costs. The law spells out how counties adopt the program, decide the payment amount, hold public hearings, and keep the fund separate from other county money. It also prevents hospitals from passing the payment on to patients.", "questions_answered": [ "Which counties are required to join this program?", "How does a county start a health care provider participation program?", "What kind of hospitals must pay the mandatory fee?", "How is the amount of the mandatory payment calculated?", "What is the maximum percentage of hospital revenue that can be charged?", "Can a hospital add the mandatory payment to a patient’s bill?", "What can the county use the collected money for?", "When must the county hold a public hearing about the payments?", "What reporting do hospitals have to provide to the county?", "Can the county combine this fund with its other money?", "What happens if a hospital pays late or underpays?", "Can the county use the fund to expand Medicaid eligibility?" ], "issue_tags": [ "county-hospital-payments", "medicaid-funding", "indigent-care", "local-fund-management", "mandatory-payments" ], "synonyms": [ "county health care provider participation program", "mandatory hospital payment program", "local provider participation fund", "Texas county hospital payment scheme" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "292A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 292A. COUNTY HEALTH CARE PROVIDER PARTICIPATION PROGRAM IN CERTAIN COUNTIES BORDERING RED RIVER", "url": "/statutes/HS/292A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/292A.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a program for Texas counties along the Red River that don’t have a hospital district. It requires non‑public hospitals in those counties to make a mandatory payment based on their net patient revenue. The collected money is placed in a local fund that can be used for Medicaid supplemental payments, indigent care, and limited county administrative costs, all overseen by the county commissioners court.", "questions_answered": [ "Which counties are required to join this program?", "What types of hospitals must make the mandatory payment?", "How is the amount of the mandatory payment calculated?", "Can a hospital add the mandatory payment to a patient’s bill?", "What can the county spend the collected money on?", "Does the county need a majority vote to start collecting payments?", "What reporting do hospitals have to provide to the county?", "How are interest, penalties, or discounts applied to late payments?", "Can the county combine the local fund with other county funds?", "What is the maximum percentage of revenue a hospital can be charged?", "Who decides the payment amount each year and how often can it be adjusted?", "Can the commissioners court change the rules after the vote?" ], "issue_tags": [ "county-health-funding", "mandatory-hospital-payments", "medicaid-supplemental", "indigent-care-funding", "red-river-counties", "hospital-revenue-contributions" ], "synonyms": [ "County Health Care Provider Participation Program", "Red River County Hospital Payment Program", "Texas mandatory hospital contribution statute", "Local Provider Participation Fund law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "292B", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 292B. COUNTY HEALTH CARE PROVIDER PARTICIPATION PROGRAM IN CERTAIN COUNTIES BORDERING COUNTY CONTAINING STATE CAPITAL", "url": "/statutes/HS/292B.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/292B.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a program for large counties that border the county containing the state capital and do not have a hospital district. It allows the county commissioners court to require nonpublic hospitals to pay a mandatory fee based on their net patient revenue, places the money in a local fund, and directs the fund to support Medicaid supplemental payments, indigent care, and related administrative costs. The court must vote, hold a public hearing, and follow specific rules for collecting and using the payments.", "questions_answered": [ "Which counties are required to join this program?", "What types of hospitals must make the mandatory payment?", "How is the amount of the mandatory payment calculated?", "Can a hospital add the mandatory payment to a patient’s bill?", "What can the county spend the collected money on?", "Does the county need a majority vote to impose the payment?", "When does the county hold a public hearing about the payment amount?", "Where does the money go after it is collected?", "Can the county use the fund to expand Medicaid eligibility?", "What happens if a hospital pays the mandatory fee late?", "Who can inspect a hospital’s financial records under this program?", "Can the county mix these funds with other county money?" ], "issue_tags": [ "county-hospital-funding", "mandatory-hospital-fee", "medicaid-supplemental", "indigent-care-funding", "local-government-finance", "hospital-revenue-assessment" ], "synonyms": [ "county health care provider participation program", "mandatory hospital payment program", "local provider participation fund", "hospital revenue contribution", "county Medicaid supplemental funding scheme" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "292C", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 292C. COUNTY HEALTH CARE PROVIDER PARTICIPATION PROGRAM IN CERTAIN COUNTIES WITH HOSPITAL DISTRICT BORDERING OKLAHOMA", "url": "/statutes/HS/292C.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/292C.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a program that lets certain Texas counties collect a required payment from nonpublic hospitals that are not inside a hospital district. The money goes into a local fund and is used mainly to help pay the state’s share of Medicaid supplemental programs and cover limited county administrative costs. The county commissioners must approve the program by majority vote, hold a public hearing, and follow strict rules on how the funds are managed. The authority to run the program ends on December 31, 2027.", "questions_answered": [ "Which counties are required to participate in this program?", "What types of hospitals must make the mandatory payment?", "How is the amount of the mandatory payment calculated for each hospital?", "Can a hospital add the mandatory payment to a patient’s bill?", "What can the county do with the money collected from hospitals?", "What voting or approval steps does the county need to take before collecting payments?", "When does the program’s authority expire?", "What reporting or record‑inspection requirements do hospitals have under the program?", "Are there limits on how much of the payment can be used for county administrative expenses?", "What happens if a hospital pays the mandatory fee late or in error?" ], "issue_tags": [ "county-healthcare-funding", "mandatory-hospital-payments", "medicaid-supplemental", "hospital-districts", "texas-health-law" ], "synonyms": [ "county health care provider participation program", "mandatory hospital payment program", "institutional health care provider fee", "Texas hospital district funding scheme" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "292D", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 292D. COUNTY HEALTH CARE PROVIDER PARTICIPATION PROGRAM IN CERTAIN COUNTIES BORDERING NECHES RIVER", "url": "/statutes/HS/292D.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/292D.json", "summary": "This chapter lets certain Texas counties that border the Neches River and have more than 250,000 residents, but no hospital district, set up a program to collect a mandatory payment from nonpublic hospitals. The money goes into a local fund that can be used only for specific Medicaid-related expenses and county administrative costs. The law requires a majority vote by the commissioners court, public hearings, and detailed reporting and auditing of the payments.", "questions_answered": [ "Which counties are required to join this program?", "Can a county force a nonpublic hospital to pay a mandatory fee?", "How is the amount of the mandatory payment calculated for each hospital?", "What can the county spend the collected money on?", "Does the county need a majority vote to start the program?", "What reporting do hospitals have to provide to the county?", "Are there limits on how much the county can charge hospitals in total?", "Can the mandatory payment be passed on to patients as a surcharge?", "What happens if a hospital fails to pay the mandatory fee?", "Can the county use the fund for anything other than Medicaid-related costs?" ], "issue_tags": [ "county-hospital-funding", "mandatory-payments", "medicaid-supplement", "hospital-district-exemption", "health-care-finance", "local-fund-management" ], "synonyms": [ "county health care provider participation program", "mandatory hospital payment program", "Neches River county hospital funding scheme", "Texas hospital contribution program", "local provider participation fund" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "292E", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 292E. COUNTY HEALTH CARE PROVIDER PARTICIPATION PROGRAM IN CERTAIN COUNTIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/292E.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/292E.json", "summary": "This chapter allows Texas counties that do not have a hospital district and meet certain population criteria to set up a program that requires nonpublic hospitals to make a mandatory payment. The payments are based on each hospital’s net patient revenue and are placed in a local fund that can be used to cover the non‑federal share of Medicaid supplemental payments and the county’s administrative costs. The program must be approved by a majority of the commissioners court, include a public hearing, and follow specific reporting and use rules. Payments cannot be passed on to patients and are limited to a set percentage of total hospital revenue.", "questions_answered": [ "Which Texas counties are allowed to require hospitals to pay a mandatory fee?", "How does a county start a health care provider participation program?", "What kinds of hospitals must pay under this program?", "How is the amount of the mandatory payment calculated?", "Can a hospital add the mandatory payment to patients’ bills?", "What can the county use the collected money for?", "What are the limits on how much the county can spend on program administration?", "What reporting does the county have to submit to the state health agency?", "What happens if a hospital does not pay the mandatory fee on time?", "Can the Health and Human Services Commission refuse the money if it violates federal law?", "Do county commissioners need a vote to approve the program?", "When must the county hold a public hearing about the mandatory payments?" ], "issue_tags": [ "county-health-care", "mandatory-hospital-fees", "medicaid-supplemental-funding", "hospital-district-exemption", "local-fund-management", "public-hearing-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "County Health Care Provider Participation Program", "Hospital Mandatory Payment Program", "Texas County Hospital Fee Act", "Nonpublic Hospital Funding Scheme", "Local Provider Participation Fund rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "293", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 293. COUNTY HEALTH CARE PROVIDER PARTICIPATION PROGRAM IN CERTAIN COUNTIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/293.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/293.json", "summary": "This chapter lets certain Texas counties that lack a hospital district and have populations between 100,000 and 300,000 collect a required payment from non‑public hospitals. The money is placed in a local fund that can be used for Medicaid supplemental payments, indigent care, and limited county administrative costs. The county commissioners court must approve the program, set the payment rates based on hospital revenue, hold public hearings, and may inspect hospital records. Hospitals cannot pass the payment on to patients as a surcharge.", "questions_answered": [ "Which counties are required to join the county health care provider participation program?", "What is a mandatory payment and how is the amount calculated for each hospital?", "Can a hospital add the mandatory payment to a patient’s bill?", "What can the county do with the money collected from hospitals?", "What voting process does the commissioners court need to follow to approve the payments?", "What reporting and record‑inspection requirements do hospitals have under this program?", "Are interest, penalties, or discounts allowed on late or unpaid mandatory payments?", "What is the purpose of the local provider participation fund?", "Can the county use the collected funds to expand Medicaid eligibility?", "How are the mandatory payments deposited and managed by the county?", "What happens if a hospital is charged a mandatory payment in error?", "Who decides the annual payment amount and how often must it be updated?" ], "issue_tags": [ "county-health-care", "mandatory-hospital-payments", "medicaid-supplemental-funding", "indigent-care", "local-fund-management", "hospital-revenue-assessment" ], "synonyms": [ "County Health Care Provider Participation Program", "Hospital Mandatory Payment Program", "Local Provider Participation Fund", "County Hospital Funding Scheme" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "293A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 293A. COUNTY HEALTH CARE PROVIDER PARTICIPATION PROGRAM IN CERTAIN COUNTIES INCLUDING PORTION OF CONCHO RIVER", "url": "/statutes/HS/293A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/293A.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a program for Texas counties that lack a hospital district, have more than 100,000 residents, and include part of the Concho River. The county can require nonpublic hospitals to make a mandatory payment, place the money in a local fund, and use it for Medicaid supplemental payments, indigent care, and limited administrative costs. The program requires a majority vote by the commissioners court, a public hearing, and reporting from the hospitals.", "questions_answered": [ "Does my county have to collect a payment from nonpublic hospitals?", "Which counties are required to join this program?", "How is the mandatory payment amount for a hospital calculated?", "Can a hospital add the mandatory payment to a patient’s bill?", "What can the county spend the collected money on?", "What reporting do hospitals have to provide to the county?", "What is the local provider participation fund and how is it managed?", "How are the mandatory payments collected and deposited?", "Can the county use the fund to expand Medicaid eligibility?", "What role does the commissioners court play in this program?" ], "issue_tags": [ "county-hospital-funding", "mandatory-hospital-payments", "medicaid-supplemental-funds", "indigent-care", "local-provider-fund", "hospital-reporting" ], "synonyms": [ "county health care provider participation program", "mandatory hospital payment program", "local provider participation fund rules", "Texas county hospital funding statute", "Chapter 293A" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "293C", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 293C. COUNTY HEALTH CARE PROVIDER PARTICIPATION PROGRAM IN CERTAIN COUNTIES NOT BORDERING CERTAIN POPULOUS COUNTIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/293C.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/293C.json", "summary": "This chapter lets certain Texas counties (populations between 140,000 and 155,000 and not bordering very large counties) require non‑public hospitals to make a mandatory payment based on their net patient revenue. The collected money is placed in a local fund that can be used for Medicaid supplemental payments, indigent care, and limited county administrative costs. County commissioners must approve the program by majority vote, hold a public hearing, set rules, and may inspect hospital financial records. Payments cannot exceed six percent of a hospital’s net patient revenue and cannot be passed on to patients as a surcharge.", "questions_answered": [ "Which counties are required to join this hospital payment program?", "What types of hospitals have to make the mandatory payment?", "How is the amount each hospital must pay calculated?", "Can a hospital add the mandatory payment to a patient’s bill?", "What can the county spend the collected money on?", "Does the county need to hold a public hearing before setting the payment amount?", "Can the county inspect a hospital’s financial and utilization records?", "What is the maximum percentage of revenue a hospital can be charged?", "Can the county mix these funds with other county money?", "What happens if a hospital pays late or underpays?", "Who decides the rules and procedures for the program?", "Can the county use the fund to expand Medicaid eligibility?" ], "issue_tags": [ "county-health-funding", "hospital-mandatory-payments", "medicaid-supplemental", "indigent-care-funding", "local-provider-fund", "commissioner-court-authority" ], "synonyms": [ "county health care provider participation program", "mandatory hospital contribution program", "local provider participation fund rules", "Texas county hospital payment scheme" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "294", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 294. COUNTY HEALTH CARE PROVIDER PARTICIPATION PROGRAM IN CERTAIN COUNTIES CONTAINING A PRIVATE UNIVERSITY", "url": "/statutes/HS/294.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/294.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a program for Texas counties that don’t have a hospital district but host a large private university. It lets the county require a payment from each non‑public hospital, puts the money into a local fund, and uses it for Medicaid supplemental payments, indigent care, and limited administrative costs. The county commissioners court must vote, hold a public hearing, and follow specific rules on how the payments are calculated and spent.", "questions_answered": [ "Does my county have to join the hospital payment program?", "Which counties are required to collect mandatory payments from hospitals?", "How is the amount each hospital must pay calculated?", "Can a hospital add the mandatory payment to a patient’s bill?", "What can the county spend the collected money on?", "What reporting do hospitals have to provide to the county?", "What is the local provider participation fund and how is it managed?", "How are interest, penalties, and discounts handled for late payments?", "Can the county use the collected funds to expand Medicaid eligibility?", "What steps does the commissioners court need to take to adopt the program?", "Can the county hire an outside contractor to collect the payments?" ], "issue_tags": [ "county-hospital-funding", "mandatory-hospital-payments", "medicaid-supplemental", "indigent-care-funding", "hospital-revenue-assessment", "local-provider-fund", "commissioners-court-authority" ], "synonyms": [ "County Health Care Provider Participation Program", "Hospital Mandatory Payment Program", "Local Provider Participation Fund rules", "Texas county hospital funding statute", "Medicaid supplemental payment funding law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "295A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 295A. CITY OF AMARILLO HOSPITAL DISTRICT HEALTH CARE PROVIDER PARTICIPATION PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/HS/295A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/295A.json", "summary": "This chapter lets the City of Amarillo Hospital District run a program where local hospitals must pay a contribution based on their net patient revenue. The collected money goes into a dedicated fund to help cover the district’s share of Medicaid supplemental payments, indigent care, and program administration. The board must hold public hearings, set the payment rate, and can only use the funds for the purposes listed in the law.", "questions_answered": [ "Do hospitals in the Amarillo district have to make a mandatory payment?", "How is the amount of the mandatory payment calculated?", "Can a hospital add the mandatory payment to a patient’s bill or insurance charge?", "What can the money collected from hospitals be used for?", "Who decides whether the participation program will be started and what the payment rate will be?", "Is there a limit on the total percentage of revenue that can be required from all hospitals?", "When and how does the board hold a public hearing about the payments?", "What reports must hospitals provide to the district under this program?", "What happens if a hospital pays the mandatory contribution in error?", "Can the district use the fund to expand Medicaid eligibility?", "Is the mandatory payment considered a tax?", "What administrative costs can the district cover with the collected money?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-care-funding", "hospital-mandatory-payments", "medicaid-supplemental", "local-hospital-district", "fund-management", "public-hearings" ], "synonyms": [ "Amarillo hospital district provider participation program", "mandatory hospital contribution program", "local provider participation fund", "hospital payment assessment", "health care provider participation scheme" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "296", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 296. COUNTY HEALTH CARE PROVIDER PARTICIPATION PROGRAM IN CERTAIN COUNTIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/296.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/296.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a program for Texas counties that lack a hospital district, requiring non‑public hospitals to pay a mandatory fee based on their net patient revenue. The collected money is placed in a local fund that can be used for Medicaid supplemental payments, indigent care, and limited county administrative costs, but not for expanding Medicaid eligibility. The county commissioners court must approve the program, hold a public hearing, and follow specific rules for collecting and spending the funds.", "questions_answered": [ "Which counties are required to join this program?", "What is a mandatory payment and how is it calculated for a hospital?", "Who decides the amount of the mandatory payment and how often can it change?", "Can a hospital add the mandatory payment to a patient's bill?", "What types of expenses can the county use the collected money for?", "What reporting or record‑inspection requirements do hospitals have under this program?", "What role does the commissioners court play in adopting and managing the program?", "When must the county hold a public hearing about the mandatory payments?", "Can the county use the fund to expand Medicaid eligibility?", "What penalties or interest apply if a hospital pays late or incorrectly?" ], "issue_tags": [ "county-health-care", "mandatory-payments", "medicaid-supplemental", "hospital-funding", "local-fund-use", "commissioners-court" ], "synonyms": [ "County Health Care Provider Participation Program", "County Hospital Payment Program", "Texas County Hospital Mandatory Fee", "Local Provider Participation Fund", "County Medicaid Supplemental Funding Scheme" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "296A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 296A. COUNTY HEALTH CARE PROVIDER PARTICIPATION PROGRAM IN CERTAIN COUNTIES BORDERING TWO POPULOUS COUNTIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/296A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/296A.json", "summary": "This chapter lets certain Texas counties that lack a hospital district and border large counties require nonpublic hospitals to pay a mandatory fee based on their net patient revenue. The fees are collected into a local fund that can be used for Medicaid supplemental payments, indigent care, and county administrative costs, with specific rules on voting, hearings, and reporting.", "questions_answered": [ "Which counties are eligible to join the county health care provider participation program?", "What is a mandatory payment and how is the amount calculated for each hospital?", "Can a hospital add the mandatory payment to a patient's bill as a surcharge?", "What voting process does the commissioners court need to approve the mandatory payment?", "When and how does the county hold a public hearing about the fees and their use?", "What types of expenses can the county spend the collected money on?", "Do hospitals have to submit financial and utilization data to the county?", "How does the county collect and deposit the mandatory payments?", "What happens if a hospital pays the mandatory fee late or incorrectly?", "Can the county mix the local provider participation fund with other county funds?" ], "issue_tags": [ "county-healthcare-funding", "mandatory-hospital-fees", "medicaid-supplemental", "indigent-care-funding", "hospital-revenue-assessment", "local-provider-fund" ], "synonyms": [ "county health care provider participation program", "mandatory hospital payment program", "local provider participation fund", "hospital revenue contribution scheme", "Texas county hospital fee statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "297", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 297. COUNTY HEALTH CARE PROVIDER PARTICIPATION PROGRAM IN CERTAIN COUNTIES CONTAINING A MILITARY BASE", "url": "/statutes/HS/297.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/297.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a program that lets certain Texas counties—those without a hospital district, with a large military base, and over 300,000 residents—require non‑public hospitals to pay a mandatory fee. The fee, based on each hospital’s net patient revenue, is placed in a local fund that can be used for Medicaid supplemental payments, indigent care, and limited county administrative costs. The county commissioners court must vote, hold a public hearing, set rules, and may inspect hospital records. The total fee is capped at six percent of the combined net patient revenue of all paying hospitals.", "questions_answered": [ "Does my county have to collect a mandatory payment from hospitals because it contains a large military base?", "Which counties are required to participate in this program?", "How is the amount of the mandatory hospital payment calculated?", "Can a hospital add the mandatory payment to a patient’s bill as a surcharge?", "What can the county do with the money collected in the local provider participation fund?", "What voting and hearing requirements does the commissioners court have before imposing the payment?", "What reporting and record‑inspection obligations do hospitals have under this program?", "Can the county use the collected funds to expand Medicaid eligibility?", "What limits exist on the total amount of mandatory payments a county can assess?", "How are interest, penalties, and discounts on late payments handled?" ], "issue_tags": [ "county-hospital-funding", "mandatory-hospital-payments", "medicaid-supplemental", "military-base-counties", "hospital-revenue-assessment", "local-fund-use", "commissioners-court-authority" ], "synonyms": [ "County Health Care Provider Participation Program", "Hospital Mandatory Payment Program", "Texas County Hospital Funding Act", "Military Base County Hospital Fee", "Local Provider Participation Fund statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "298A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 298A. DALLAS COUNTY HOSPITAL DISTRICT HEALTH CARE PROVIDER PARTICIPATION PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/HS/298A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/298A.json", "summary": "This chapter lets the Dallas County Hospital District set up a program where nonpublic hospitals in the district must pay a mandatory contribution based on their net patient revenue. The collected money is placed in a local fund and can only be used to cover the district’s share of Medicaid supplemental payments, rate enhancements for nonpublic hospitals, and the program’s administrative costs. The board must hold a public hearing, adopt rules, and the authority to run the program ends on December 31, 2027.", "questions_answered": [ "Does the Dallas County Hospital District have to collect payments from hospitals?", "How is the mandatory payment amount calculated for each hospital?", "What can the district do with the money collected from hospitals?", "Can a hospital add the mandatory payment to patients' bills as a surcharge?", "When does the authority to run this program expire?", "Who decides the amount of the mandatory payment and how is it set?", "What notice must the board give before holding a hearing on mandatory payments?", "Are the mandatory payments considered a tax under Texas law?", "Can a hospital get a refund if it overpays the mandatory contribution?", "What financial reports must hospitals provide to the district?", "Can the district hire an outside contractor to assess and collect the payments?", "Is the district allowed to use the collected funds for general revenue purposes?" ], "issue_tags": [ "dallas-county-hospital-district", "mandatory-hospital-payments", "medicaid-supplemental-fund", "hospital-funding-program", "health-care-provider-participation", "local-provider-fund" ], "synonyms": [ "Dallas County Hospital District Health Care Provider Participation Program", "DCHD provider payment program", "Dallas County hospital mandatory contribution program", "Texas Health and Safety Code Chapter 298A", "local provider participation fund rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "298B", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 298B. TARRANT COUNTY HOSPITAL DISTRICT HEALTH CARE PROVIDER PARTICIPATION PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/HS/298B.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/298B.json", "summary": "This chapter lets the Tarrant County Hospital District create a program where nonpublic hospitals in the district must pay a mandatory contribution based on their net patient revenue. The money is placed in a local fund to help cover the district’s share of Medicaid supplemental payments, rate enhancements, and program costs. The board must approve the program, hold public hearings, and follow specific rules for collecting and using the funds, and the authority to run the program ends on December 31, 2027.", "questions_answered": [ "Does the Tarrant County Hospital District have to collect payments from hospitals?", "How is the mandatory payment amount calculated for each hospital?", "Can a hospital add the mandatory payment to a patient’s bill as a surcharge?", "What can the district use the money collected through the program for?", "When does the authority for the participation program expire?", "What is the local provider participation fund and how is it managed?", "What reporting requirements do hospitals have under this program?", "Can the district require additional payments if federal Medicaid funds are disallowed?", "Who decides the rules and procedures for the program?", "Is the mandatory payment considered a tax under Texas law?", "What happens if a hospital overpays the mandatory contribution?" ], "issue_tags": [ "tarrant-county-hospital-district", "mandatory-hospital-payments", "medicaid-supplemental-funding", "hospital-fund-management", "health-care-provider-program", "local-provider-participation-fund" ], "synonyms": [ "Tarrant County Hospital District Health Care Provider Participation Program", "Tarrant County hospital mandatory payment program", "local provider participation fund program", "Texas hospital district payment scheme" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "298C", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 298C. NUECES COUNTY HOSPITAL DISTRICT HEALTH CARE PROVIDER PARTICIPATION PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/HS/298C.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/298C.json", "summary": "This chapter lets the Nueces County Hospital District set up a program that requires local hospitals to make mandatory payments. The money collected is placed in a special fund and used to cover the district’s share of Medicaid supplemental payments, rate enhancements, and program administration costs. The board must hold a public hearing on the payment amounts and can adopt rules for collecting and managing the funds. Payments cannot be passed on to patients and are limited to a set percentage of hospital revenue.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the health care provider participation program for Nueces County hospitals?", "How does the district determine the amount each hospital must pay?", "Can a hospital add the mandatory payment to a patient’s bill?", "When does the board have to hold a public hearing about the payments?", "What can the district do with the money collected from hospitals?", "Who is responsible for collecting the mandatory payments?", "What is the local provider participation fund and how is it used?", "What is the maximum total amount the district can require from all hospitals?", "What happens if a hospital is charged a payment in error?", "Are the mandatory payments considered a tax?", "Can the district change the payment rules without a board vote?", "What reports must hospitals submit to the district under this program?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hospital-district", "mandatory-payments", "medicaid-funding", "provider-participation", "local-fund", "board-authority" ], "synonyms": [ "Nueces County Hospital District provider participation program", "mandatory hospital payment program", "local provider participation fund", "health care provider participation program", "mandatory payment assessment" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "298D", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 298D. LUBBOCK COUNTY HOSPITAL DISTRICT OF LUBBOCK COUNTY, TEXAS: HEALTH CARE PROVIDER PARTICIPATION PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/HS/298D.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/298D.json", "summary": "This chapter lets the Lubbock County Hospital District create a program where nonpublic hospitals pay a required contribution based on their net patient revenue. The collected money is placed in a local fund to help cover the district’s share of Medicaid supplemental payments and the program’s administrative costs. The board must hold public hearings, set rules, and can only use the funds for the purposes listed in the chapter; the payments are not considered taxes.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the health care provider participation program in Lubbock County?", "Which hospitals are required to make the mandatory payment?", "How is the amount of the mandatory payment calculated?", "Can a hospital add the mandatory payment to a patient’s bill or insurer charge?", "What can the district do with the money collected from the mandatory payments?", "When does the board have to hold a public hearing about the payment amounts and spending?", "What financial data must hospitals report to the district under this program?", "Can the district use the fund to expand Medicaid eligibility?", "Who decides the uniform percentage applied to each hospital’s net revenue?", "What is the maximum total amount the district can collect from all hospitals?", "Can the district refund a payment if it was collected in error?", "Are the mandatory payments considered a tax under Texas law?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-care-funding", "medicaid-supplemental", "hospital-mandatory-payments", "local-government", "public-hearings", "fund-management" ], "synonyms": [ "Lubbock County Hospital District provider participation program", "nonpublic hospital mandatory contribution", "local provider participation fund", "Medicaid supplemental payment funding", "health care provider participation program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "298E", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 298E. HEALTH CARE PROVIDER PARTICIPATION PROGRAM IN CERTAIN HOSPITAL DISTRICTS", "url": "/statutes/HS/298E.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/298E.json", "summary": "This chapter lets large Texas hospital districts create a program where non‑government hospitals pay a mandatory contribution based on their net patient revenue. The money collected is placed in a local fund and can only be used to help cover the non‑federal share of Medicaid supplemental payments, rate enhancements, and the district’s administrative costs. The board must vote, hold a public hearing, set rules, and follow strict limits on how much can be collected. The program and its authority expire on December 31, 2027.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a hospital district require hospitals to make a mandatory payment?", "Which hospitals have to pay under this program?", "How is the amount of the mandatory payment calculated?", "What can the district do with the money it collects?", "Is there a limit on how much total revenue the district can collect from hospitals?", "Can a hospital pass the mandatory payment on to patients as a surcharge?", "What steps does the board have to follow to start the program?", "When and how does the district have to hold a public hearing about the payments?", "What happens if a hospital is charged by mistake?", "Can the district refund a hospital’s share of the collected money?", "What happens to the program after December 31, 2027?", "Are there any restrictions on using the funds for other purposes, like expanding Medicaid eligibility?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hospital-districts", "mandatory-payments", "medicaid-supplemental-funding", "provider-participation", "fund-management", "program-expiration" ], "synonyms": [ "health care provider participation program", "local provider participation fund", "mandatory hospital contribution program", "Texas hospital district payment scheme", "Medicaid supplemental payment funding" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "298F", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 298F. BEXAR COUNTY HOSPITAL DISTRICT HEALTH CARE PROVIDER PARTICIPATION PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/HS/298F.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/298F.json", "summary": "This chapter lets the Bexar County Hospital District set up a program that requires nonpublic hospitals in the district to make a mandatory payment based on their net patient revenue. The collected money is placed in a local fund and can only be used to cover the district’s share of Medicaid supplemental payments, rate enhancements for nonpublic hospitals, and the program’s administrative costs. The board must hold public hearings, adopt rules, and may charge interest or penalties on late payments. The authority to run the program ends on December 31, 2027.", "questions_answered": [ "Does the Bexar County Hospital District have to collect payments from nonpublic hospitals?", "How is the mandatory payment amount calculated for each hospital?", "Can a hospital pass the mandatory payment on to patients as a surcharge?", "What can the district do with the money it collects from hospitals?", "When does the provider participation program expire?", "Do hospitals get a chance to speak or vote on the mandatory payments?", "Can the district charge interest or penalties if a hospital pays late?", "What financial reports must hospitals provide to the district?", "Is the mandatory payment considered a tax under Texas law?", "Can the district use the collected funds for purposes other than Medicaid-related payments?" ], "issue_tags": [ "bexar-county-hospital-district", "mandatory-payments", "medicaid-funding", "hospital-revenue-contributions", "public-hearings", "fund-use", "program-expiration" ], "synonyms": [ "Bexar County Hospital District Provider Participation Program", "Local Provider Participation Fund", "Mandatory Hospital Contribution Program", "Health Care Provider Participation Program", "Bexar County Hospital Payment Scheme" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "298G", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 298G. EL PASO COUNTY HOSPITAL DISTRICT HEALTH CARE PROVIDER PARTICIPATION PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/HS/298G.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/298G.json", "summary": "This chapter lets the El Paso County Hospital District set up a program where nonpublic hospitals in the district must pay a mandatory contribution based on their net patient revenue. The collected money is placed in a local fund to help cover the non‑federal share of Medicaid supplemental payments and the district’s administrative costs. The board must hold a public hearing, adopt rules for collection, and may charge interest or penalties on late payments. The program and its authority expire on December 31, 2027.", "questions_answered": [ "Does the El Paso County Hospital District have to collect payments from nonpublic hospitals?", "How is the mandatory payment amount calculated for each hospital?", "What can the district do with the money collected from the mandatory payments?", "Can a hospital add the mandatory payment to a patient’s bill?", "When does the health care provider participation program end?", "What is the purpose of the local provider participation fund?", "Do hospitals get a chance to speak at a public hearing about the payments?", "Can the district charge a fee for collecting the mandatory payments?", "What happens if a hospital pays the wrong amount or pays late?", "Are interest and penalties allowed on overdue mandatory payments?", "Can the district use the fund for purposes other than Medicaid supplemental payments?", "Who decides whether the program is authorized and how it operates?" ], "issue_tags": [ "el-paso-hospital-district", "mandatory-payments", "medicaid-supplemental-fund", "hospital-revenue-contributions", "public-hearing", "fund-use", "program-expiration" ], "synonyms": [ "El Paso County Hospital District health care provider participation program", "local provider participation fund", "mandatory hospital contribution program", "institutional health care provider payment scheme", "district health care provider payment program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "298H", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 298H. NACOGDOCHES COUNTY HOSPITAL DISTRICT HEALTH CARE PROVIDER PARTICIPATION PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/HS/298H.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/298H.json", "summary": "This chapter lets the Nacogdoches County Hospital District set up a program where nonpublic hospitals in the district must make a mandatory payment based on their net patient revenue. The money collected goes into a special fund that helps cover the district’s share of Medicaid supplemental payments and rate enhancements for those hospitals, and also pays the district’s administrative costs. The board must hold a public hearing, adopt rules for collection and use of the funds, and the program ends on December 31, 2027.", "questions_answered": [ "Can the Nacogdoches County Hospital District require local hospitals to make a mandatory payment?", "How is the mandatory payment amount calculated for each hospital?", "What can the district do with the money collected from the mandatory payments?", "Are hospitals allowed to pass the mandatory payment on to patients as a surcharge?", "What is the purpose of the local provider participation fund?", "When does the authority for this program expire?", "Do hospitals get a chance to speak at a public hearing about the payments?", "Can the district hire an outside contractor to collect the mandatory payments?", "Is there a limit on the total amount of mandatory payments the district can require?", "Is the mandatory payment considered a tax under Texas law?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hospital-district", "mandatory-payments", "medicaid-supplemental", "health-care-funding", "public-hearing", "fund-management" ], "synonyms": [ "Nacogdoches County Hospital District Provider Participation Program", "local provider participation fund", "mandatory hospital contribution program", "health care provider participation program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "299", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 299. HARRIS COUNTY HOSPITAL DISTRICT HEALTH CARE PROVIDER PARTICIPATION PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/HS/299.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/299.json", "summary": "This chapter lets the Harris County Hospital District create a program that requires nonpublic hospitals in the district to make a mandatory payment based on their net patient revenue. The money collected goes into a special fund that helps cover the district’s share of Medicaid supplemental payments and related administrative costs. The board must hold public hearings, follow specific rules, and the program is set to expire on December 31, 2027.", "questions_answered": [ "Does the Harris County Hospital District have to collect payments from hospitals?", "How is the mandatory payment amount calculated for each hospital?", "What can the money collected through the program be used for?", "When does the health care provider participation program end?", "Can a hospital add the mandatory payment to a patient’s bill?", "What notice do hospitals receive before a payment is due?", "Is the mandatory payment considered a tax?", "Who decides the amount of the mandatory payment?", "Are there limits on the total amount of payments the district can require?", "What happens if a mandatory payment is collected in error?", "Can the district use the fund for purposes other than Medicaid supplemental payments?", "What are the reporting requirements for hospitals in the program?" ], "issue_tags": [ "harris-county-hospital-district", "mandatory-payments", "medicaid-funding", "hospital-revenue", "public-hearings", "fund-use", "program-expiration" ], "synonyms": [ "Harris County Hospital District health care provider participation program", "local provider participation fund", "mandatory hospital contribution program", "Texas Health and Safety Code Chapter 299", "institutional health care provider payment scheme" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "300", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 300. HEALTH CARE PROVIDER PARTICIPATION PROGRAMS IN CERTAIN POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS IN THIS STATE", "url": "/statutes/HS/300.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/300.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a Texas hospital district, county, or municipality create a program that requires non‑public hospitals to make a mandatory payment based on their net patient revenue. The collected money is placed in a local fund and used to cover the non‑federal share of Medicaid supplemental payments, rate enhancements, and the program’s administrative costs. The law sets out how the program is approved, how payments are calculated and collected, how the fund can be spent, and what reporting is required.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my county require non‑public hospitals to pay a mandatory contribution for Medicaid supplemental payments?", "What types of local governments are allowed to run a health care provider participation program?", "How is the amount of the mandatory payment to hospitals determined?", "Do hospitals have to add the mandatory payment to patients’ bills?", "What can the money collected from hospitals be used for?", "How often must the local government hold a public hearing about the mandatory payments?", "What reporting does the local government have to send to the Health and Human Services Commission?", "Can a hospital district collect the mandatory payments itself or must it hire an outside contractor?", "When does the authority to run this program expire after it is adopted?", "What happens if the collected funds would violate federal Medicaid rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-care-funding", "local-government-authority", "mandatory-payments", "medicaid-supplemental", "hospital-districts", "fund-management" ], "synonyms": [ "health care provider participation program", "local provider participation fund", "mandatory hospital contribution program", "Texas hospital district payment program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "300A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 300A. HEALTH CARE PROVIDER PARTICIPATION PROGRAM IN DISTRICTS COMPOSED OF CERTAIN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS", "url": "/statutes/HS/300A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/300A.json", "summary": "This chapter lets certain Texas local governments—like hospital districts, counties, or municipalities that have only one nonpublic hospital—to form a special district that can run a health care provider participation program. The district can collect mandatory payments from the hospital, put the money in a dedicated fund, and use it to cover the non‑federal share of Medicaid supplemental payments and the district’s administrative costs. It also sets rules for creating the district, governing its board, handling finances, and dissolving the district.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my county or municipality create a health care provider participation district?", "Which hospitals are required to make mandatory payments under this program?", "How is the amount of the mandatory payment calculated?", "What can the money collected from hospitals be used for?", "How is the board of directors for the district formed and how long do they serve?", "What is the purpose of the local provider participation fund?", "When does the authority to run the program expire?", "What happens to the district’s assets and debts if it is dissolved?", "Do hospitals have to report financial data to the district?", "Can the Health and Human Services Commission refuse money from the fund?", "Is the mandatory payment considered a tax on the hospital?", "Can the district sue or be sued on behalf of the participating hospitals?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-care-participation", "local-government-districts", "mandatory-payments", "medicaid-supplemental-funding", "board-governance", "district-finances", "program-dissolution" ], "synonyms": [ "provider participation program", "provider participation district", "local provider participation fund", "mandatory hospital payment program", "Texas health district program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "300C", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 300C. HEALTH CARE PROVIDER PARTICIPATION DISTRICTS CREATED BY CERTAIN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS", "url": "/statutes/HS/300C.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/300C.json", "summary": "This chapter lets certain Texas counties, hospital districts, or municipalities form a health care provider participation district that can collect mandatory payments from hospitals to help fund the non‑federal share of Medicaid supplemental payments. It sets out how the district is created, governed, financed, and dissolved, and limits how the collected money can be used and reported.", "questions_answered": [ "Which counties or local governments are allowed to create a health care provider participation district?", "How is a district’s board of directors appointed and what are the qualifications?", "What mandatory payments must hospitals in the district make and how are they calculated?", "Can a hospital pass the mandatory payment on to patients as a surcharge?", "What can the district do with the money it collects from hospitals?", "How does the district handle its finances, including deposits, withdrawals, and accounting?", "What public notice or hearing is required before setting mandatory payment amounts?", "What happens to the district’s assets and debts if the district is dissolved?", "What reporting does the district have to provide to the Health and Human Services Commission?", "Can the district sue or be sued on behalf of the local governments that created it?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-care-provider-participation", "mandatory-payments", "district-governance", "medicaid-supplemental-funding", "local-government", "hospital-district" ], "synonyms": [ "health care provider participation district", "provider participation program", "local provider participation fund", "paying hospital", "mandatory payment", "district board" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "301", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 301. COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATIONS", "url": "/statutes/HS/301.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/301.json", "summary": "Chapter 301 lets certain Texas health‑related public and nonprofit entities—like municipalities, state university systems, and other tax‑exempt institutions—to form nonprofit cooperative associations, such as hospital laundry cooperatives, to own and run shared services. These associations can borrow money, issue bonds, set service fees, and enjoy tax exemptions, but they cannot be funded with public appropriations and may not loan money to members. The law also sets rules for membership, governance, liability, reporting, and how surplus revenue is handled.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a Texas municipality or state university create a hospital laundry cooperative association?", "Which types of institutions are eligible to join a hospital laundry cooperative or other cooperative association?", "Am I allowed to use state‑allocated public funds to start a cooperative association?", "What happens if a member institution is expelled from a cooperative association?", "Can a cooperative association issue bonds or take on debt to finance its operations?", "Are member institutions personally liable for the cooperative’s debts beyond their contractual commitments?", "What kinds of services, besides laundry, can a cooperative association provide?", "Does a cooperative association have to pay the state franchise tax?", "What annual reporting requirements does a cooperative association have?", "Is a cooperative association permitted to loan money to its member institutions?" ], "issue_tags": [ "cooperative-associations", "hospital-laundry", "nonprofit-entities", "tax-exemption", "bond-issuance", "membership-governance", "public-funds-prohibited" ], "synonyms": [ "Hospital Laundry Cooperative Association", "Health Facility Cooperative Association", "Texas Cooperative Association statutes", "Chapter 301 cooperative provisions", "Cooperative Association law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "311", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 311. POWERS AND DUTIES OF HOSPITALS", "url": "/statutes/HS/311.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/311.json", "summary": "Chapter 311 sets out the rules Texas hospitals must follow, covering everything from how they bill patients and third‑party payors to requirements for emergency care, charity and community benefits, and data reporting. It also limits discrimination, outlines reimbursement for infant transport, mandates a patient‑risk identification system, and governs how hospitals can employ physicians and retain their income.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a Texas hospital require extra exams or certifications for doctors who graduated from foreign medical schools?", "What must a hospital do to provide an itemized bill to a patient or insurance company?", "Are hospitals allowed to bill for services that were not actually provided?", "What are the penalties if a hospital denies emergency care because a patient can’t pay?", "How does a hospital report its charity care and other community benefits to the state?", "What data does a hospital have to submit to the Department of State Health Services each year?", "What are the rules for hospitals to reimburse the cost of transporting infants to a NICU?", "Can a hospital charge a fee for extra copies of a bill, and how much can it charge?", "What requirements apply when a hospital employs a physician and wants to keep part of the physician’s income?", "Do hospitals need to have a standardized patient risk identification system, and can they use an alternative method?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hospital-billing", "emergency-care", "charity-care", "data-reporting", "physician-employment", "non-discrimination", "community-benefits", "infant-transport" ], "synonyms": [ "Hospital powers and duties", "Texas hospital regulations", "Hospital compliance requirements", "Hospital operational statutes", "Hospital obligations under Health and Safety Code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "312", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 312. MEDICAL AND DENTAL CLINICAL EDUCATION IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS", "url": "/statutes/HS/312.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/312.json", "summary": "This chapter lets medical and dental schools, their coordinating nonprofits, and public hospitals team up through contracts to train students, interns, residents, and fellows. The state health department must approve those contracts, and the law limits the schools' and hospitals' liability for activities done under the partnership. It also treats many participants as state employees for legal purposes.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a medical or dental school form a partnership with a public hospital for student training?", "Do medical and dental schools need state approval before signing a contract with a public hospital?", "What types of organizations can act as a coordinating entity for these partnerships?", "How does the law limit liability for schools and hospitals that work together on clinical education?", "Are residents and fellows considered state employees when they work in a public hospital?", "What happens if the state health department does not approve a contract within 30 days?", "Can a public hospital refuse to cooperate with a medical or dental school?", "What kinds of services or research can be included in the coordinated contracts?", "Do the contracts have to be exclusive, or can schools work with multiple hospitals?", "How are disputes resolved if a contract is disapproved by the department?" ], "issue_tags": [ "clinical-education", "hospital-partnerships", "contract-approval", "liability-protection", "state-employment", "coordinating-entity" ], "synonyms": [ "medical and dental clinical education in public hospitals", "hospital-school collaboration statute", "Texas public hospital education coordination law", "clinical training partnership act" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "313", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 313. CONSENT TO MEDICAL TREATMENT ACT", "url": "/statutes/HS/313.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/313.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas hospitals, nursing homes, home‑care agencies, and jails how to get consent for medical treatment when an adult patient can’t communicate and has no legal guardian or power of attorney. It sets a priority list of who can act as a surrogate (spouse, adult children, parents, nearest relative) and requires documentation of the decision. The law also limits what surrogates can consent to and protects them and the providers from liability if they act in good faith.", "questions_answered": [ "Who can give medical consent for a comatose adult patient in a Texas hospital?", "What is the order of priority for surrogate decision‑makers when a patient is incapacitated?", "Can a spouse consent to medical treatment for an adult inmate in a county jail?", "What types of medical care can a surrogate NOT consent to under this law?", "Do surrogate decision‑makers have to be documented in the patient’s medical record?", "Is a surrogate decision‑maker protected from civil or criminal liability in Texas?", "What happens if no eligible surrogate can be found for an incapacitated patient?", "Can a physician who isn’t treating the patient give consent for medical treatment?", "How long can a surrogate consent for an inmate’s medical treatment?", "Does this law apply to decisions about life‑sustaining treatment?" ], "issue_tags": [ "consent-medical-treatment", "surrogate-decision-maker", "incapacitated-patient", "liability-protection", "texas-health-law" ], "synonyms": [ "Consent to Medical Treatment Act", "Texas surrogate consent law", "medical consent for incapacitated adults", "Health and Safety Code chapter 313" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "314", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 314. COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS AMONG HOSPITALS", "url": "/statutes/HS/314.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/314.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas hospitals team up to share equipment, staff, or services, but they must get a certificate of public advantage from the state health department. The department reviews the agreement to make sure the benefits outweigh any loss of competition, and the attorney general can investigate or challenge the deal. The law also allows the department to monitor, modify, or cancel approved agreements, and it excludes ambulance services.", "questions_answered": [ "Can two or more Texas hospitals share resources without breaking antitrust laws?", "How do hospitals apply for a certificate of public advantage for a cooperative agreement?", "What factors does the state consider when deciding if a hospital partnership is approved?", "What can the attorney general do if a hospital agreement harms competition?", "Can an approved hospital cooperation be cancelled later, and how?", "Are ground or air ambulance services covered by these hospital cooperation rules?", "What is the process for the health department to review and certify a hospital cooperative agreement?", "What happens if a hospital merger is proposed—does this chapter apply?", "How long does the department have to decide on a certification application?", "What rights do hospitals have to challenge a denial or termination of their cooperative agreement?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hospital-cooperation", "antitrust-review", "public-advantage-certificate", "health-department-approval", "attorney-general-oversight", "regulatory-monitoring" ], "synonyms": [ "hospital cooperative agreements", "hospital joint ventures", "hospital resource sharing agreements", "hospital partnership certification", "public advantage certification for hospitals", "hospital collaboration agreements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "314A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 314A. MERGER AGREEMENTS AMONG CERTAIN HOSPITALS", "url": "/statutes/HS/314A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/314A.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a state‑run system that lets certain non‑public hospitals in Texas merge by obtaining a certificate of public advantage. The designated agency reviews the merger to ensure it benefits the public and grants antitrust immunity, then oversees the merged hospitals’ rates, reports, and compliance. The agency can impose conditions, assess supervision fees, and revoke the certificate if the merger no longer serves the public interest.", "questions_answered": [ "Can two non‑public hospitals in a rural Texas county merge without violating antitrust laws?", "What is a certificate of public advantage and how do hospitals obtain one?", "Which state agency reviews and approves hospital merger applications?", "What factors does the agency consider when deciding if a hospital merger benefits the public?", "How are hospital service rates changed after a merger approved under this chapter?", "What fees might a hospital have to pay to the state agency for merger supervision?", "How often must a merged hospital report its activities and performance to the state?", "What can the state agency do if a merged hospital fails to comply with the chapter’s requirements?", "How can a hospital terminate its certificate of public advantage?", "What is the process for appealing a denial or revocation of a certificate of public advantage?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hospital-merger", "antitrust-immunity", "certificate-of-public-advantage", "rate-review", "state-supervision", "rural-health" ], "synonyms": [ "hospital merger approval process", "certificate of public advantage for hospitals", "Texas hospital consolidation regulations", "public advantage certificate", "hospital merger oversight" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "315", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 315. AUTHORITY TO BORROW MONEY FOR PUBLIC HOSPITALS", "url": "/statutes/HS/315.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/315.json", "summary": "This chapter gives Texas local government entities—such as hospital districts, municipal or county hospital authorities, cities, and counties—the power to borrow money to fund hospitals. It limits the interest rate to the highest rate the entity can legally pay on similar debt, and allows the loan to be secured by either hospital revenue or future tax collections. Loans backed by tax revenue must be paid back within one year, while those backed by hospital revenue can last up to five years.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a county or city borrow money to finance a public hospital?", "What types of local government entities are allowed to take out hospital loans?", "What interest rate can a public hospital loan carry?", "What can be pledged as security for a hospital loan?", "How long can a loan secured by tax revenue be outstanding?", "How long can a loan secured by hospital revenue be outstanding?", "Are there limits on how much tax revenue can be pledged for a hospital loan?", "Does a hospital district have the same borrowing authority as other local entities?", "Can future tax collections be used to repay a hospital loan?", "What happens if a loan is secured by hospital revenue instead of taxes?" ], "issue_tags": [ "borrowing", "public-hospitals", "local-government", "loan-security", "interest-rate-cap", "loan-maturity" ], "synonyms": [ "hospital borrowing authority", "public hospital loan provisions", "local government hospital financing", "Texas hospital district borrowing rules", "authority to borrow for public hospitals" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "316", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 316. ESTABLISHMENT OF HEALTH CARE COLLABORATIVES", "url": "/statutes/HS/316.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/316.json", "summary": "This chapter lets certain public hospitals and hospital districts in Texas create and sponsor nonprofit health care collaboratives. The collaboratives must be certified under the Insurance Code. The rule applies only to hospitals created under specific state subtitles or districts established by law.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a public hospital in Texas form a health care collaborative?", "Which types of hospitals are allowed to create a health care collaborative?", "Can a hospital district start a nonprofit health care collaborative?", "Do health care collaboratives have to be nonprofit organizations?", "What certification is required for a health care collaborative in Texas?", "Which chapter of the Insurance Code governs the certification of health care collaboratives?", "Are private (non‑public) hospitals permitted to sponsor a health care collaborative?", "When did Texas law allow hospitals to establish health care collaboratives?", "What legal authority lets a hospital district sponsor a health care collaborative?", "Do health care collaboratives need to be formed under a specific Texas subtitle?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-care-collaborative", "hospital-authority", "nonprofit", "insurance-certification", "texas-health-law" ], "synonyms": [ "health care collaborative", "health care consortium", "hospital collaborative", "nonprofit health collaborative", "health care partnership" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "317", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 317. DESIGNATION OF CAREGIVER FOR RECEIPT OF AFTERCARE INSTRUCTION", "url": "/statutes/HS/317.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/317.json", "summary": "This chapter tells hospitals to give patients the chance to name a caregiver—like a family member or friend—who will help with non‑medical tasks after they leave the hospital. The hospital must record the caregiver’s contact info, share a written discharge plan, and provide any needed training before discharge. It also makes clear that hospitals aren’t liable for what the caregiver does and that caregivers aren’t paid through insurance for this help.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I choose someone to help me at home after I leave the hospital?", "What information does the hospital need to keep about my chosen caregiver?", "When will the hospital tell my caregiver that I’m being discharged?", "What should be included in the written discharge plan I receive?", "Do I have to let the hospital share my medical information with my caregiver?", "Can I change my designated caregiver after I’ve already named one?", "Is the hospital responsible if my caregiver makes a mistake with my aftercare?", "Will my caregiver get paid by my insurance for the help they provide?", "What if I don’t want to name a caregiver at all?", "Do the rules apply to patients under 18 years old?" ], "issue_tags": [ "caregiver-designation", "discharge-planning", "aftercare-instruction", "hospital-responsibilities", "patient-rights" ], "synonyms": [ "aftercare caregiver designation", "hospital discharge caregiver notification", "patient aftercare plan", "designated caregiver rules", "post‑hospital home care guidance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "321", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 321. PROVISION OF MENTAL HEALTH, CHEMICAL DEPENDENCY, AND REHABILITATION SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/HS/321.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/321.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a written bill of rights for anyone receiving inpatient mental health, chemical‑dependency, or comprehensive rehabilitation services, with special protections for minors. It requires facilities to give, explain, and post these rights in multiple languages, and it lets patients sue for damages if the rights are violated, with penalties for offending providers.", "questions_answered": [ "What rights do patients have when they are admitted to a mental health or rehab facility?", "What special rights do children have when they receive treatment for emotional or substance‑use problems?", "What must a hospital or treatment center do to give patients a copy of their rights?", "Do facilities have to explain the rights in the patient’s primary language?", "Can I sue a mental health or rehab facility if they violate my rights?", "How long do I have to file a lawsuit after discovering a rights violation?", "What kinds of damages can I recover if my rights are violated?", "What penalties can a licensed facility face for breaking the patient bill of rights?", "Where must a facility display the patient bill of rights for public viewing?", "Who is responsible for creating the patient and children’s bills of rights?" ], "issue_tags": [ "patient-rights", "mental-health", "chemical-dependency", "rehabilitation", "minors", "civil-liability", "facility-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "patient bill of rights", "children's bill of rights", "mental health patient protections", "rehabilitation services rights", "Texas health facility rights" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "322", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 322. USE OF RESTRAINT AND SECLUSION IN CERTAINHEALTH CARE FACILITIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/322.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/322.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for when and how health‑care facilities in Texas may use physical restraints or seclusion on residents. It bans restraints that block breathing or communication, limits prone and supine holds to short, monitored periods, and requires notification, reporting, and protection against retaliation. It also outlines how wheelchair seat belts can be used and requires quarterly reporting on restraint practices.", "questions_answered": [ "What types of restraints are illegal in Texas health‑care facilities?", "When is it allowed to use a prone or supine hold on a resident?", "Can a facility require a resident to wear a wheelchair seat belt, and what permission is needed?", "Do residents and their families have to be told about restraint and seclusion policies?", "What can a resident or family do if they think a restraint was misused?", "Are facilities allowed to fire or punish someone for complaining about restraints?", "What reporting does a facility have to submit about restraint and seclusion use?", "Do small residential homes have the same restraint rules as larger facilities?", "What penalties can a facility face for violating the restraint rules?", "Do Medicaid waiver providers have to follow these restraint regulations?", "How soon must a nurse evaluate a resident after a restraint or seclusion is started?", "Who decides whether a restraint or seclusion is justified in a health‑care setting?" ], "issue_tags": [ "restraint-use", "seclusion", "patient-rights", "facility-regulation", "reporting", "retaliation", "wheelchair-seat-belt" ], "synonyms": [ "restraint and seclusion rules", "use of physical restraints in health facilities", "Texas restraint policy", "seclusion regulations", "facility restraint guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "323", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 323. EMERGENCY SERVICES AND FORENSIC EXAMINATION PROGRAMS FOR SURVIVORS OF SEXUAL ASSAULT", "url": "/statutes/HS/323.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/323.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for Texas hospitals and other health care facilities to provide emergency care and forensic exams to people who have been sexually assaulted. It requires facilities to have plans, staff training, and to give survivors information about their rights, medical options, and nearby specialized centers. Facilities that meet certain standards are labeled SAFE‑ready, and the state posts a list of these locations. The law also outlines consent requirements and how guardians and courts may be involved.", "questions_answered": [ "What services must a hospital provide to a sexual assault survivor who comes to the emergency department?", "What is a SAFE‑ready facility and how do I know if a hospital is one?", "Can I get a forensic medical exam even if I don’t report the assault to police?", "What information must a hospital give me after a sexual assault examination?", "Do I need a guardian’s permission for a forensic exam if I’m an adult?", "What training do doctors and nurses need to perform a sexual assault forensic exam?", "How does a health care facility get approved to provide these services?", "Where can I find a list of Texas hospitals that are designated as SAFE‑ready facilities?", "What rights do I have regarding consent and the cost of a forensic exam?", "Can a hospital transfer me to another facility for a forensic exam, and what must they do first?" ], "issue_tags": [ "sexual-assault-care", "forensic-examination", "safe-ready-facilities", "hospital-protocols", "survivor-rights", "medical-training", "emergency-services" ], "synonyms": [ "Sexual Assault Forensic Exam Program", "SAFE program", "Emergency Services for Sexual Assault Survivors", "Sexual Assault Survivor Services", "Forensic Medical Examination Requirements", "SAFE‑ready facility designation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "324", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 324. CONSUMER ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE INFORMATION", "url": "/statutes/HS/324.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/324.json", "summary": "This chapter forces hospitals, surgical centers, birthing centers, and freestanding emergency facilities in Texas to give patients clear information about what they will be charged, how charges are calculated, and what discounts may apply. It requires written policies, cost estimates before elective procedures, itemized statements after discharge, and a process for handling complaints, while prohibiting any contract that waives these rights.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I get a written estimate of my hospital or surgery charges before I schedule the procedure?", "What information must a facility give me about doctors who might treat me and whether they are in my insurance network?", "Can a hospital charge interest on the amount I owe if my insurance doesn’t cover the full bill?", "How do I request an itemized bill after I leave the hospital, and how long does the facility have to provide it?", "What should I do if I think I was overcharged or billed incorrectly?", "Are facilities allowed to ask me to sign a contract that waives my right to these billing disclosures?", "What is the process for filing a complaint if I’m unhappy with how a facility billed me?", "Can a facility charge me for extra copies of my bill, and if so, how much can they charge?", "What discounts are available if I am uninsured or qualify as indigent, and how are they applied?", "How will I know if the facility participates in my health insurance plan before I receive services?" ], "issue_tags": [ "billing-transparency", "patient-rights", "cost-estimates", "itemized-statements", "discount-policies", "complaint-procedure", "facility-disclosures" ], "synonyms": [ "consumer access to health care information", "patient billing transparency", "health facility billing rules", "Texas health care cost disclosure law", "patient cost estimate requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "325", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 325. NOTICE OF SEX OFFENDER STATUS TO RESIDENTS OF GROUP HOME", "url": "/statutes/HS/325.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/325.json", "summary": "This chapter tells group home directors to look up whether a new resident is a registered sex offender using the state’s online database. If the person is a sex offender, the director must inform all other residents and any legal guardians within three days, sharing all available information. The rule does not apply to homes that only house sex offenders receiving treatment, and the director is protected from liability for providing the required notice.", "questions_answered": [ "Do group homes have to check if a new resident is a registered sex offender?", "How quickly must a group home tell other residents about a new sex offender?", "What information must be shared with residents and guardians about a sex offender?", "Which types of facilities are considered group homes under this law?", "Are there any exceptions for homes that only house sex offenders receiving treatment?", "Who is responsible for looking up the sex offender status?", "Can a group home be sued for giving out the sex offender information?", "Do legal guardians of residents need to be notified about a sex offender?", "Does this rule apply to assisted living facilities and supportive housing?", "What triggers the notification requirement – parole, community supervision, or other conditions?" ], "issue_tags": [ "sex-offender-notice", "group-home-responsibilities", "resident-notification", "privacy-immunity", "assisted-living", "supportive-housing", "parole-conditions" ], "synonyms": [ "Sex offender disclosure rule for group homes", "Group home sex offender notification requirement", "Notice of sex offender status to residents", "Sex offender status check for assisted living facilities", "Resident notification of registered sex offenders" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "326", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 326. STAFFING REQUIREMENTS FOR FACILITIES PROVIDING CARE TO PERSONS WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE OR RELATED DISORDERS", "url": "/statutes/HS/326.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/326.json", "summary": "This chapter tells certain Texas care facilities—like nursing homes, assisted living, and adult foster care—to create a written policy that requires staff who directly care for people with Alzheimer’s disease or similar disorders to complete specific training. It also gives the Health and Human Services Commission the power to fine facilities that don’t follow the rule and to enforce other penalties. The chapter defines which types of facilities are covered and directs the commissioner to adopt detailed rules for implementation.", "questions_answered": [ "What training do staff need to care for residents with Alzheimer’s disease in a Texas nursing home?", "Which types of care facilities must follow the Alzheimer’s staffing requirements?", "Can the state impose fines on a facility that fails to train staff for Alzheimer’s care?", "Do adult foster care providers have to adopt a written Alzheimer’s care policy?", "What happens if a facility repeatedly violates the training rule?", "Who is responsible for creating the detailed rules for this chapter?", "When did the Alzheimer’s staffing requirements become effective in Texas?", "What does the law mean by ‘related disorders’ to Alzheimer’s disease?", "Do day activity and health services facilities need to train staff for Alzheimer’s care?", "What enforcement actions can the commission take for non‑compliance?", "Is a facility given a chance to correct a violation before being penalized?", "What must a written policy include for caring for people with Alzheimer’s?" ], "issue_tags": [ "staffing-requirements", "alzheimer-care", "health-facility-regulation", "training-standards", "compliance-penalties", "texas-health-law" ], "synonyms": [ "Alzheimer's staffing rules", "Care facility Alzheimer’s training requirements", "Texas Health Code Chapter 326", "Alzheimer’s disease care policy mandate", "Staff training for dementia care" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "327", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 327. DISCLOSURE OF PRICES", "url": "/statutes/HS/327.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/327.json", "summary": "This chapter forces large Texas hospitals and similar health facilities to post a complete, searchable list of every service they charge for, both in a downloadable machine‑readable file and in a consumer‑friendly format for services that can be scheduled in advance. The lists must include gross charges, negotiated insurer rates, cash prices and other identifiers, be updated at least once a year, and are posted free of charge on the facility’s website. Facilities that fail to comply can be fined and must submit corrective plans to the Health and Human Services Commission.", "questions_answered": [ "What price information must a Texas hospital publish?", "How can I see the cash price for a procedure at a Texas hospital?", "Do hospitals have to list their negotiated rates with insurers?", "Where can I find a downloadable file of all charges for a Texas facility?", "What is a ‘shoppable service’ and how is its price shown?", "Do I need to create an account to view hospital price lists?", "How often must hospitals update their price lists?", "What happens if a hospital doesn’t follow the price‑posting rules?", "Are there penalties for non‑compliant hospitals?", "Do the rules apply to small clinics or only large facilities?", "What format must the price list be in?", "Can I search the price list by CPT or other billing code?" ], "issue_tags": [ "price-transparency", "hospital-charging", "health-facility-regulation", "consumer-protection", "data-availability", "compliance-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas hospital price transparency law", "Health and Safety Code Chapter 327", "facility price disclosure requirements", "Texas chargemaster posting rule" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "328", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 328. PERINATAL BEREAVEMENT CARE SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/HS/328.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/328.json", "summary": "This chapter requires Texas hospitals that have a maternal level of care designation to provide counseling and, when available, a special device to families after a fetal loss, stillbirth, or neonatal death. It creates a state‑run initiative to supply training, devices, and other resources to those hospitals, and it establishes a recognition program for hospitals that meet the bereavement care standards.", "questions_answered": [ "What support must a Texas hospital provide after a stillbirth or fetal death?", "Do hospitals have to offer counseling to parents after a neonatal death?", "What is a perinatal bereavement device and when can it be used?", "Can a hospital receive state funding or grants for bereavement care resources?", "How does Texas recognize hospitals that provide perinatal bereavement training?", "Which state agency oversees perinatal bereavement services?", "What training is required for hospital staff after a fetal loss?", "Are there grants available for hospitals to obtain bereavement devices?", "What criteria are used to award recognition to hospitals for bereavement care?", "How can a hospital apply for the perinatal bereavement care initiative?" ], "issue_tags": [ "perinatal-bereavement-care", "hospital-requirements", "state-initiative", "training-grants", "recognition-program", "fetal-loss-support" ], "synonyms": [ "perinatal bereavement services", "prenatal loss support", "stillbirth counseling program", "fetal demise care", "perinatal grief care", "bereavement device program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "328.v2", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 328. HUMAN TRAFFICKING PREVENTION IN CERTAIN FACILITIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/328.v2.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/328.v2.json", "summary": "This chapter tells health care facilities they must put up a clearly visible sign that explains human trafficking prevention, how to recognize it, and where to report it. The sign must be in English, Spanish, and any other language spoken by at least 10% of staff, and it must include a phone number designated by the attorney general. The law also protects employees from any discipline or retaliation if they report a suspected trafficking incident in good faith.", "questions_answered": [ "What kind of sign does my health care facility need to display about human trafficking?", "What information must be included on the human trafficking prevention sign?", "Do we have to put the sign in multiple languages, and which languages are required?", "Where in the facility should the sign be posted so employees can see it?", "Can my employer fire or punish me for reporting a suspected human trafficking case?", "Are health care practitioners and medical assistants required to get human trafficking prevention training?", "What phone number should be on the sign for reporting suspected trafficking?", "When does this signage requirement become effective?", "What does the law say about retaliation against employees who report trafficking?", "Do I need to post the sign in a specific size or font?", "Who decides the wording and format of the required sign?", "What agencies can I report a suspected human trafficking act to?" ], "issue_tags": [ "human-trafficking-prevention", "health-facility-signage", "employee-protection", "anti-retaliation", "multilingual-posting", "training-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "Human trafficking prevention signage rule", "Anti-trafficking sign requirement for health facilities", "Employee retaliation protection for trafficking reports", "Health care facility human trafficking notice law", "Mandatory trafficking awareness sign" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "331", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 331. WORKPLACE VIOLENCE PREVENTION", "url": "/statutes/HS/331.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/331.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas health care facilities—like hospitals, nursing homes, and emergency centers—to set up a committee and written policies that prevent and respond to workplace violence. It requires regular training, a clear plan for handling incidents, and protection for staff who report violence. Facilities that don’t follow the rules can face disciplinary action from licensing agencies.", "questions_answered": [ "What does my health care facility need to do to prevent workplace violence?", "Do I have to create a workplace violence prevention committee?", "Who must be on the violence prevention committee?", "What must be included in a written workplace violence policy?", "How often must staff receive training on workplace violence?", "Can an employee be fired or disciplined for reporting a violent incident?", "What types of incidents count as workplace violence under this law?", "Can a health system use one committee for multiple facilities?", "What reporting procedures are required for violent incidents?", "What medical or support services must be offered after a violent event?", "Who enforces the workplace violence rules for health facilities?", "What penalties exist if a facility doesn’t follow the violence prevention requirements?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workplace-violence-prevention", "health-facility-policy", "staff-protection", "training-requirements", "incident-reporting", "compliance-enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "Workplace Violence Prevention Act", "Health Facility Violence Prevention Rules", "Violence Prevention in Health Care Settings", "Employee Safety Requirements for Hospitals", "Texas workplace violence regulations for health facilities" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "341", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 341. MINIMUM STANDARDS OF SANITATION AND HEALTH PROTECTION MEASURES", "url": "/statutes/HS/341.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/341.json", "summary": "Chapter 341 sets Texas's basic rules for sanitation and health protection. It defines what counts as a public health nuisance, how waste, sewage, and human excreta must be handled, and the standards for drinking water, pools, tourist courts, and other public facilities. The chapter also gives health officials the power to issue notices, enforce compliance, and impose civil or criminal penalties.", "questions_answered": [ "What activities or conditions are considered a public health nuisance in Texas?", "Who is responsible for cleaning up sewage or waste that creates a health risk?", "How must human waste be disposed of in populated areas?", "What are the requirements for public drinking water quality and testing?", "What sanitation standards apply to swimming pools, water features, and hot tubs?", "Do hotels, tourist courts, or other rental properties need special permits or inspections?", "What rules govern the labeling and maintenance of fire hydrants and metal flush valves?", "How are civil and criminal penalties applied for violations of sanitation rules?", "Can graywater or rainwater be reused for household purposes, and what are the limits?", "Which local officials can enforce the sanitation standards and how do they do it?" ], "issue_tags": [ "sanitation-standards", "public-health-nuisance", "drinking-water", "waste-disposal", "facility-safety", "enforcement-penalties", "graywater-reuse" ], "synonyms": [ "Minimum Sanitation Standards", "Health Protection Measures", "Texas Sanitation Code", "Public Health Nuisance Regulations", "Drinking Water Standards", "Sanitation and Environmental Quality Chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "342", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 342. LOCAL REGULATION OF SANITATION", "url": "/statutes/HS/342.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/342.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas cities require property owners to fix unsanitary problems like standing water, dirty buildings, weeds, sewers, and animal carcasses. Cities can inspect properties, issue notices, do the work themselves, charge the owner, and place a lien if the owner doesn’t pay. It also outlines how notices must be given, how owners can request a hearing, and what penalties may apply.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my city force me to get rid of standing water on my land?", "What can a municipality do if I don’t clean up weeds that are a health hazard?", "Is the city allowed to inspect my property for sanitation problems?", "What happens if I ignore a city notice about a sewage or privy issue?", "Can the city do the cleanup work themselves and bill me for it?", "How does a city place a lien on my property for unpaid sanitation expenses?", "What are my rights to request a hearing if the city removes my weeds or carcasses?", "Are there fines for having stagnant water or other unsanitary conditions?", "What authority does a Type A general‑law city have over animal carcasses or offensive waste?", "Can a city work with the county to improve sanitation and who pays for it?" ], "issue_tags": [ "sanitation", "municipal-authority", "property-liens", "public-health", "nuisance", "sewer-regulation", "weed-abatement" ], "synonyms": [ "local sanitation ordinance", "municipal health code", "city sanitation regulations", "Texas Chapter 342 sanitation rules", "municipal sanitation powers" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "343", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 343. ABATEMENT OF PUBLIC NUISANCES", "url": "/statutes/HS/343.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/343.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas counties how to deal with public nuisances in unincorporated areas. It lists what kinds of trash, weeds, unsafe buildings, swimming pools, and other conditions are prohibited, sets up notice and hearing procedures, and gives the county power to clean up, charge costs, and seek penalties or injunctions. It also explains how a court can order abatement and how special exceptions or variances may be granted.", "questions_answered": [ "What actions are considered a public nuisance on my property?", "How long do I have to fix a nuisance after the county notifies me?", "Can the county charge me for cleaning up trash or weeds on my land?", "What penalties could I face if I ignore a nuisance notice?", "Can a court issue an injunction to stop a nuisance from continuing?", "Do I need a fence or child‑proof cover for a swimming pool to avoid a violation?", "May county officials enter my property to inspect for a nuisance?", "What is a special exception or variance and how can I apply for one?", "How does the county assess costs and place a lien for nuisance abatement?", "Are there any exemptions for agricultural land or regulated facilities?" ], "issue_tags": [ "public-nuisance", "nuisance-abatement", "county-enforcement", "property-maintenance", "health-safety", "penalties", "court-injunction" ], "synonyms": [ "public nuisance abatement", "nuisance removal statutes", "Texas nuisance law", "Chapter 343 health and safety code", "nuisance enforcement rules", "abate public nuisance Texas" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "344", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 344. MOSQUITO CONTROL DISTRICTS", "url": "/statutes/HS/344.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/344.json", "summary": "This chapter gives counties a way to set up mosquito control districts that are funded by a property tax. It explains how voters can approve the district and the tax, how the money is collected and spent, and creates advisory commissions and engineers to run the program. It also allows districts to merge across counties or be dissolved by a later vote.", "questions_answered": [ "How can a county create a mosquito control district?", "What tax can be levied to fund mosquito control efforts?", "Who can start the election to establish a mosquito control district?", "What is the maximum tax rate allowed for mosquito control?", "How are mosquito control taxes collected and used?", "What does the advisory commission do for a mosquito control district?", "What are the duties of a mosquito control engineer?", "Can two counties combine their mosquito control districts into one?", "How can a mosquito control district be dissolved?", "What qualifications are required for advisory commission members?", "Can the tax rate be lowered if more money is collected than needed?", "Who appoints the mosquito control engineer and staff?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mosquito-control", "property-tax", "local-government", "public-health", "district-formation", "district-dissolution" ], "synonyms": [ "mosquito control district law", "mosquito eradication funding", "county mosquito control program", "local mosquito tax", "mosquito control statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "361", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 361. SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ACT", "url": "/statutes/HS/361.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/361.json", "summary": "The Solid Waste Disposal Act (Chapter 361) sets up Texas' rules for handling all kinds of solid waste, including hazardous waste. It gives the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) authority to issue permits, collect fees, enforce standards, and oversee cleanup and recycling programs. The law aims to protect public health and the environment by controlling waste generation, storage, transport, treatment, and disposal, while encouraging waste reduction, recycling, and safe disposal practices.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I get a permit to operate a solid waste or hazardous waste facility in Texas?", "What fees do I have to pay for disposing solid waste or hazardous waste?", "Can I store or dispose of hazardous waste at a municipal landfill?", "What are the rules for transporting and disposing of used tires?", "How does the state enforce cleanup of contaminated sites?", "What recycling programs are required for electronics, televisions, and computers?", "What are the requirements for a landfill to be approved near a floodplain or wetland?", "How can a local government or county charge fees for solid waste services?", "What are the penalties for violating solid waste regulations?", "How does the state support waste reduction and source reduction initiatives?" ], "issue_tags": [ "solid-waste-management", "hazardous-waste", "landfill-permits", "waste-fees", "recycling-programs", "site-remediation", "waste-reduction", "local-government" ], "synonyms": [ "Solid Waste Disposal Act", "SWDA", "Texas solid waste law", "Chapter 361", "Solid Waste Act", "Texas waste management statutes", "Solid waste disposal chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "362", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 362. SOLID WASTE RESOURCE RECOVERY FINANCING ACT", "url": "/statutes/HS/362.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/362.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a financing system that lets public agencies raise money to build, improve, or buy solid waste processing facilities by issuing bonds secured only by the revenue from those facilities. It outlines how agencies can acquire land, construct systems, lease or sell them, and how contracts, payments, and bond security must be handled, including tax treatment and oversight by the attorney general and comptroller.", "questions_answered": [ "How can a city or county finance a new solid waste processing or recycling facility?", "Can a public agency issue bonds that are paid back only from the revenue of a waste system?", "What types of revenue can be pledged to secure bonds for a solid waste facility?", "Are the bonds issued for waste processing facilities exempt from state taxes?", "Can a public agency use tax dollars or fees to pay for a contract to build a waste system?", "What steps must a public agency follow to acquire land or property for a solid waste system?", "Is it allowed for a public agency to lease or sell a waste processing system to a private company?", "What are the requirements for issuing and registering bonds under this act?", "What protections do bondholders have if the issuer defaults on payments?", "Can a public agency create an industrial development corporation to issue bonds for a waste system?", "Do the bonds created under this chapter become a general obligation of the issuing agency or the state?", "What role do the attorney general and comptroller play in approving these bonds?" ], "issue_tags": [ "solid-waste-financing", "bond-issuance", "public-agency-contracts", "waste-recovery", "tax-exempt-bonds", "revenue-pledge", "system-acquisition" ], "synonyms": [ "Solid Waste Resource Recovery Financing Act", "SWRRFA", "Texas solid waste bond financing", "waste processing financing statute", "solid waste system financing chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "363", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 363. MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE", "url": "/statutes/HS/363.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/363.json", "summary": "Chapter 363 sets up Texas's program for managing municipal solid waste. It requires local governments to create regional and local waste‑management plans, provides state funding and technical help, and creates an advisory council to guide policy. The chapter also authorizes contracts with private waste firms and lets public agencies issue bonds to build or improve waste‑collection, disposal, and resource‑recovery facilities.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a city or county develop a municipal solid waste management plan?", "What state funds are available to help local governments pay for waste‑management planning or recycling projects?", "What are the rules for a public agency to contract with a private waste‑management company?", "What is the Municipal Solid Waste Management and Resource Recovery Advisory Council and who can serve on it?", "How can a public agency issue bonds to finance a landfill or recycling facility?", "What are the requirements for exclusive solid‑waste service contracts and how must they be announced?", "What kinds of resource‑recovery services can a public agency offer and can they charge fees?", "How does the state promote waste reduction, recycling, and composting through planning and technical assistance?", "What steps must be taken before a municipality can prohibit waste processing or disposal in a specific area?", "How are financial assistance applications evaluated and what matching requirements apply?" ], "issue_tags": [ "municipal-solid-waste", "resource-recovery", "waste-management-plans", "state-funding", "advisory-council", "solid-waste-bonds", "contract-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "Comprehensive Municipal Solid Waste Management, Resource Recovery, and Conservation Act", "Municipal Solid Waste Management Act", "Texas solid waste management chapter", "municipal solid waste program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "364", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 364. COUNTY SOLID WASTE", "url": "/statutes/HS/364.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/364.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas counties team up with public agencies and private contractors to collect, transport, and dispose of solid waste safely and affordably. It gives counties the power to set rules, charge fees, acquire land, prohibit waste disposal in certain areas, and issue bonds to fund waste facilities, all to protect public health and the environment.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my county require residents to use a county solid waste disposal service?", "How does a county set and collect fees for solid waste services?", "What steps must a county follow to adopt solid waste collection and disposal rules?", "When can a county prohibit municipal or industrial solid waste disposal in part of the county?", "What authority does a county have to acquire, lease, or condemn land for a landfill or other waste facility?", "How can a county issue bonds to finance a solid waste disposal system?", "What are the requirements for contracts between a county and a municipality or private contractor for waste services?", "What penalties apply if someone fails to use the required county waste service?", "Can a county ban food waste composting in counties that lack a municipal composting ordinance?", "How can a county enforce payment of solid waste fees, including suspending services for nonpayment?", "What options does a county have to collect past‑due utility or waste fees from another political subdivision?", "Are there limits on a county’s ability to regulate waste disposal that conflict with state environmental rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "county-solid-waste", "waste-collection-fees", "waste-disposal-bonds", "waste-service-contracts", "waste-prohibition", "landfill-acquisition", "solid-waste-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "County Solid Waste Control Act", "Texas county waste management statutes", "County solid waste chapter", "County solid waste control", "Solid waste rules for counties" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "365", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 365. LITTER", "url": "/statutes/HS/365.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/365.json", "summary": "The Texas Litter Abatement Act makes it illegal to dump or discard litter or solid waste anywhere except at approved waste sites, including on public highways, private property, and in water. It defines what counts as litter, sets penalties that range from misdemeanors to state jail felonies based on the amount and purpose, and gives local governments the power to adopt rules and charge property owners for cleanup. The law also allows officials to seek injunctions, recover costs, and even offer rewards for reporting violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I throw trash on my own land or in my backyard?", "What are the penalties for littering in Texas and how do they depend on the amount of waste?", "Does burning a match or cigarette on the ground count as littering?", "Can a county charge me for removing litter that’s been left near a public highway?", "Do I need a special permit to dump waste in a state park or historic site?", "What exactly is considered \"litter\" under Texas law?", "If I unknowingly receive waste from someone else, can I be held liable?", "Are there specific rules for disposing of waste in lakes like Lake Lavon or Lake Sabine?", "What are the rules for commercial vehicles that dump waste?", "Can a city or county offer a reward for reporting litter violations?", "Are there any defenses I can use if I’m charged with littering?", "Do I have to pay fines if I’m convicted of littering and also have my vehicle forfeited?" ], "issue_tags": [ "littering", "waste-disposal", "penalties", "local-regulations", "environmental-protection", "criminal-law" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Litter Abatement Act", "Chapter 365", "Texas litter law", "Litter control statutes", "Litter abatement statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "366", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 366. ON-SITE SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS", "url": "/statutes/HS/366.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/366.json", "summary": "Chapter 366 sets the rules for Texas on‑site sewage disposal systems, like septic tanks. It requires permits, design approvals, inspections, and proper maintenance, and it gives the state and local agencies authority to enforce the rules and impose penalties. The chapter also governs who can install or repair these systems and how fees and licensing work.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a permit to install or repair a septic tank on my property?", "What are the design and construction standards for on‑site sewage disposal systems?", "Can I install a water softener or reverse‑osmosis system with my septic tank?", "Who is responsible for inspecting and approving my septic system?", "What penalties apply if my septic system creates a health hazard or nuisance?", "Do I have to hire a licensed contractor or obtain a maintenance contract for my septic system?", "How does a local government become the authorized agent for septic system regulation?", "What are the fees and possible bond requirements for a septic system permit?", "What emergency orders can be issued for a failing septic system?", "Are temporary septic systems allowed, and if so, for how long?", "What defines a “nuisance” under the septic system rules?", "Can I use a septic system on a large rural property without a permit?" ], "issue_tags": [ "on-site-septic", "permits", "inspections", "licensing", "penalties", "maintenance", "local-authority" ], "synonyms": [ "septic tank regulations", "on-site sewage disposal rules", "Texas septic system code", "on-site sewage disposal statutes", "septic system permitting" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "367", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 367. ON-SITE WASTEWATER TREATMENT RESEARCH", "url": "/statutes/HS/367.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/367.json", "summary": "Chapter 367 creates a program for the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality to fund research and demonstration projects on on‑site wastewater treatment systems. It defines those systems, sets a $10 permit fee, and directs the collected money into a special account that pays for competitive grants and related administrative costs. The goal is to improve treatment technology, lower costs for homeowners, and explore wastewater reuse.", "questions_answered": [ "What is an on‑site wastewater treatment system?", "Who can receive research grants for on‑site wastewater treatment in Texas?", "How does the state collect money to fund wastewater treatment research?", "What is the $10 fee for on‑site wastewater permit applications used for?", "Can local health departments or river authorities collect the permit fee?", "What types of projects are eligible for the competitive grants?", "How does the commission decide which research topics to fund?", "Is the grant money only for universities, or can private research centers apply?", "What is the water resources management account and how is it used?", "Does the research program aim to lower the cost of wastewater treatment for homeowners?" ], "issue_tags": [ "on-site-wastewater", "research-grants", "permit-fees", "water-quality", "texas-environmental-policy" ], "synonyms": [ "on‑site sewage treatment research program", "Texas wastewater research grants", "septic system research funding", "on‑site wastewater treatment funding", "TCEQ wastewater research" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "368", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 368. COUNTY REGULATION OF TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE", "url": "/statutes/HS/368.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/368.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas counties set up rules for trucks that move grease trap, sand trap, septic waste, and other solid waste. Counties can require permits, conduct inspections, charge fees, and require bonds for waste haulers, while also allowing municipalities to join the program. Certain haulers, like recyclers or those working for government agencies, may be exempt, and violations can lead to fines or misdemeanor charges.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a county permit to transport grease trap or septic waste?", "Can my city or town join my county's waste transport program?", "What fees must I pay to get a waste hauler license in my county?", "Are waste haulers that work for recycling programs exempt from county licensing?", "What kind of bond or financial guarantee is required for a waste hauler license?", "Can a county require a waste hauler license if I haul waste for a municipality?", "What are the penalties if I violate my county's waste transport rules?", "How does a county coordinate inspections of waste‑transport trucks?", "Can a county set stricter standards than state law for waste hauling?", "What manifest form must be used for waste shipments in the county program?", "Is a waste hauler license required when operating in more than three counties?", "What grounds can a county use to suspend or revoke a waste hauler license?" ], "issue_tags": [ "county-waste-regulation", "waste-hauler-licensing", "grease-trap-permits", "inspection-fees", "exemptions", "bond-requirements", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "County waste transport regulations", "County waste hauler licensing program", "Grease trap and septic waste transport rules", "County solid waste transport ordinance", "County waste hauling rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "369", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 369. PLASTIC CONTAINERS", "url": "/statutes/HS/369.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/369.json", "summary": "This chapter defines what counts as a plastic bottle and a rigid plastic container, and requires manufacturers and distributors to imprint a specific resin identification symbol on the bottom of each container. It lists the symbols for different types of plastic, allows the commission to approve other labeling systems, and sets a civil penalty for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "What symbols must be placed on the bottom of plastic bottles and containers in Texas?", "Do I need to label a plastic bottle that has a different material at the base?", "Which plastics correspond to the numbers 1 through 7 on the recycling symbol?", "Can a manufacturer use a different labeling system instead of the standard triangle and number?", "What is the maximum civil penalty for not using the required plastic symbols?", "Who enforces the labeling requirements for plastic containers?", "Where can I get a copy of the official list of plastic symbols?", "Are the labeling rules the same for plastic bottles and rigid plastic containers?", "What size containers are covered by this law?", "Does the law apply to plastic parts used in motor vehicles?" ], "issue_tags": [ "plastic-labeling", "recycling-symbols", "resin-identification", "environmental-compliance", "texas-plastic-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "plastic container labeling requirements", "resin identification symbols", "plastic bottle recycling codes", "Texas plastic labeling law", "plastic resin symbols" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "370", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 370. TOXIC CHEMICAL RELEASE REPORTING", "url": "/statutes/HS/370.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/370.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas facilities that handle large amounts of toxic chemicals to file an annual report showing how much they used, made, processed, and any releases into air, water, or land. The report is due by July 1, can be based on existing data or reasonable estimates, and must be made available to the public. Facilities pay a fee when they submit the form, and the money helps fund the reporting program.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need to file a toxic chemical release report for my facility?", "Which types of facilities are required to submit a report?", "What amount of a toxic chemical triggers the reporting requirement?", "When must the toxic chemical release form be submitted each year?", "Can I use existing monitoring data instead of new measurements for the report?", "What information must be included on the toxic chemical release form?", "How is the report made available to the public?", "What fees do I have to pay when I submit the toxic chemical release form?", "What happens if I fail to submit the report on time?", "Who decides which chemicals are classified as toxic?", "Can the reporting frequency be changed by the EPA?", "Are there penalties for late or inaccurate reporting?" ], "issue_tags": [ "toxic-chemical-reporting", "facility-reporting", "environmental-disclosure", "threshold-amounts", "public-access", "compliance-fees" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Toxic Chemical Release Reporting Act", "toxic release reporting", "chemical release form requirements", "environmental reporting for toxic chemicals", "Texas EPCRA reporting" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "371", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 371. USED OIL COLLECTION, MANAGEMENT, AND RECYCLING", "url": "/statutes/HS/371.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/371.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up Texas's program for collecting, managing, and recycling used motor oil and oil filters. It creates public education, registration and reporting rules for collection centers, handlers, transporters, and processors, and provides grants and fees to support the system. The law also imposes penalties for improper disposal and requires fees on the sale of automotive oil.", "questions_answered": [ "Where can I take my used motor oil or oil filters for proper recycling?", "Do I need a permit or registration to operate a used oil collection center?", "What are the reporting requirements for businesses that handle used oil?", "How does Texas charge fees on the sale of automotive oil?", "Can a city or private group get a grant to set up curbside pickup of used oil?", "What rules apply to storing and transporting used oil filters?", "What penalties apply if I dump used oil illegally?", "How does a collection center get reimbursed for disposing of contaminated oil?", "What are the liability protections for owners of a used oil collection site?", "Are there any exemptions for oil used in refinery or pipeline operations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "used-oil-recycling", "collection-centers", "automotive-oil-fee", "hazardous-waste", "registration-permits", "public-education", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Used Oil Act", "Used Oil Collection and Recycling Program", "Used Oil Management Act", "Used Oil Recycling Act", "Used Oil and Filter Regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "372", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 372. ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR PLUMBING FIXTURES", "url": "/statutes/HS/372.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/372.json", "summary": "This chapter sets water‑saving performance limits for plumbing fixtures like faucets, showerheads, toilets, and urinals, and requires those products to be certified and listed by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. It also bans high‑lead pipes and fittings for drinking water, mandates labeling for certain appliances, and provides special rules for commercial pre‑rinse spray valves and non‑water‑supplied urinals, with some exemptions for older installations.", "questions_answered": [ "What are the maximum flow rates allowed for kitchen faucets and showerheads in Texas?", "Do toilets sold in Texas have to be dual‑flush and meet specific water‑use limits?", "Can I sell a urinal that uses more than 0.5 gallons per flush?", "Are there labeling requirements for dishwashers, clothes‑washers, or lawn sprinklers sold in Texas?", "What lead limits apply to pipes, fittings, solder, and flux used in drinking water systems?", "Do commercial pre‑rinse spray valves need to be certified and meet a flow‑rate standard?", "Can a city or county allow a higher‑flow urinal or toilet if its sewer system requires more water?", "What standards must a non‑water‑supplied urinal meet to be sold in Texas?", "Do drinking water fountains have to be self‑closing?", "Are there exemptions for fixtures installed before 1992 or for specialized fixtures?" ], "issue_tags": [ "water-saving-standards", "plumbing-fixture-regulation", "lead-restrictions", "certification-list", "commercial-spray-valve", "nonwater-urinal", "exemptions" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas plumbing fixture standards", "water efficiency plumbing rules", "environmental performance standards for fixtures", "Texas plumbing water use regulations", "plumbing fixture certification requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "373", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 373. WATER CONSERVATION", "url": "/statutes/HS/373.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/373.json", "summary": "The Texas Water Development Board helps counties and cities create water‑saving landscaping rules by offering a model xeriscape code and technical help. It also runs education programs and publishes guides to encourage the use of drought‑resistant plants and compost in homes and businesses.", "questions_answered": [ "How can my city get help creating water‑saving landscaping rules?", "What resources are available for designing xeriscape (drought‑resistant) landscapes?", "Can the state provide a model xeriscape code for my county?", "How does Texas promote water‑efficient landscaping for homes and businesses?", "Where can I find educational materials on xeriscaping?", "Does the program include guidance on using compost in landscaping?", "Who can I contact for technical assistance on xeriscape projects?", "What is xeriscape and why should my community use it?", "How does the state support water conservation in commercial properties?", "What steps are needed to adopt xeriscape practices in my community?", "Can the board help improve existing residential or commercial developments?", "Is there a state program that assists with drought‑resistant landscaping?" ], "issue_tags": [ "water-conservation", "xeriscape", "landscaping", "state-assistance", "drought-resilience", "local-government" ], "synonyms": [ "Xeriscape Assistance Program", "Water‑efficient landscaping program", "Drought‑resistant landscaping assistance", "Texas water conservation xeriscape program", "State xeriscape support" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "374", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 374. DRY CLEANER ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE", "url": "/statutes/HS/374.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/374.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a state program that requires dry‑cleaning businesses to register, pay fees, and follow safety standards to prevent spills of cleaning solvents. It creates a fund to pay for cleanup when releases occur, outlines how the state ranks contaminated sites, and details penalties for non‑compliance. The law also lets owners opt out of the fund if they never use certain solvents, and it establishes rules for reporting and correcting releases.", "questions_answered": [ "What registration forms and fees does a dry‑cleaning shop have to submit to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality?", "How much does a dry‑cleaning facility or drop‑station have to pay in annual registration fees?", "Can a dry‑cleaning business choose not to participate in the state cleanup fund, and how?", "What must I do if I discover a spill of perchloroethylene or another dry‑cleaning solvent at my facility?", "What are the performance standards that new dry‑cleaning facilities must meet to prevent solvent releases?", "How does the state decide which contaminated dry‑cleaning sites get cleanup money first?", "Who is responsible for paying the costs of cleaning up a solvent release, and can the state recover those costs from the owner?", "What penalties apply if a dry‑cleaning facility fails to report a release or does not pay registration fees on time?", "Is there a fee on the purchase of dry‑cleaning solvents, and who must collect and remit it?", "When does this dry‑cleaner environmental response chapter expire, and what happens to any remaining fund money?", "What are the requirements for posting registration numbers at a dry‑cleaning facility or drop‑station?", "Can a dry‑cleaning facility be forced to shut down for not complying with registration or reporting rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "dry-cleaning", "environmental-response", "solvent-release", "registration-fee", "cleanup-fund", "compliance", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "dry cleaner environmental response program", "Texas dry‑cleaning solvent cleanup law", "dry cleaning facility release fund", "chlorinated solvent remediation statute", "dry‑cleaning compliance rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "376", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 376. RENEWABLE ENERGY COMPONENT RECYCLING FACILITIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/376.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/376.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for Texas facilities that recycle parts from wind turbines, solar devices, and battery storage systems. Facility owners must file an annual inventory report, provide financial assurance equal to the estimated recycling cost, and may be listed online if they comply. The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality enforces the requirements and can levy penalties for non‑compliance.", "questions_answered": [ "What kinds of renewable energy equipment does this chapter apply to?", "Do I need to report components that are still at my site or just those I have taken control of?", "When is the annual report due and what must it include?", "How much financial assurance must I provide for the estimated recycling costs?", "What types of financial assurance are accepted under this law?", "Where can I find a list of recycling facilities that are in compliance?", "What penalties could I face if I recycle renewable energy components without following the rules?", "Who is responsible for enforcing these requirements?", "Do I need a special license to accept wind turbine or solar components for recycling?", "What information must be included in the cost estimate for recycling or disposal?", "Can I use a parent company guarantee instead of a bond for financial assurance?", "What happens if my estimated recycling costs change from year to year?" ], "issue_tags": [ "renewable-energy-recycling", "annual-reporting", "financial-assurance", "compliance-penalties", "texas-environmental-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "Renewable Energy Component Recycling Facilities", "Renewable Component Recycling", "Wind Turbine Recycling", "Solar Device Recycling", "Battery Storage Recycling", "Texas Renewable Recycling Rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "382", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 382. CLEAN AIR ACT", "url": "/statutes/HS/382.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/382.json", "summary": "The Texas Clean Air Act sets up a system to protect the state's air by controlling emissions from factories, power plants, vehicles, and other sources. It requires permits, monitoring, and public notice for new or modified facilities, and gives the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) authority to enforce rules, issue penalties, and oversee programs like vehicle emissions testing and low‑income vehicle repair assistance. The law also coordinates with federal regulations on greenhouse gases and other pollutants, and allows local governments to adopt additional air quality measures as long as they don’t conflict with state rules.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I apply for a permit to build or modify an industrial facility in Texas?", "What are the air emission standards that my plant must meet?", "Can my city or county create its own air pollution rules?", "What is the process for getting a vehicle emissions inspection and what fees are involved?", "How can I qualify for low‑income vehicle repair assistance or a replacement vehicle?", "What penalties could I face for violating Texas air quality regulations?", "How does Texas regulate greenhouse gas emissions from large sources?", "Do I need a permit to burn waste or brush on my property?", "What steps must I take to report an emissions event at my facility?", "Can I start construction on a project while my permit amendment is pending?", "What are the requirements for concrete plant permits and setbacks?", "How are oil and gas facilities monitored for air emissions?" ], "issue_tags": [ "air-quality", "emissions-permits", "greenhouse-gas", "vehicle-inspections", "enforcement", "public-notice", "low-income-vehicle-assistance", "industrial-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Clean Air Act", "Texas Air Quality Act", "State Clean Air Act", "Texas environmental air regulations", "Texas air pollution control law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "383", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 383. CLEAN AIR FINANCING ACT", "url": "/statutes/HS/383.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/383.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas municipalities, counties, and other public agencies raise money to build, improve, or buy air‑pollution control facilities by issuing revenue bonds. It sets out how the facilities can be located, leased, sold, and secured, and requires voter approval for many bond issues while providing tax exemptions for the bonds and the facilities. The law also details bond forms, security arrangements, investment of proceeds, and remedies if payments default.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a city or county issue bonds to finance an air‑pollution control plant?", "Do revenue bonds for clean‑air projects need voter approval before they can be issued?", "Are the bonds and the control facilities exempt from state taxes?", "What types of property can be pledged as security for these bonds?", "Can a public agency lease or sell a control facility to a private company?", "Are competitive bids required for construction contracts under this financing act?", "How must the proceeds from the bonds be invested or used?", "What happens if the issuer defaults on bond payments?", "Can a municipality issue refunding bonds to replace existing clean‑air bonds?", "What is the difference between a control facility and a disposal system under this chapter?", "Are the bonds considered general obligations of the issuing government?", "What election procedures must be followed for bonds secured by utility revenues?" ], "issue_tags": [ "clean-air-financing", "revenue-bonds", "local-government", "air-pollution-control", "bond-security", "voter-election", "tax-exemption" ], "synonyms": [ "Clean Air Financing Act", "Chapter 383", "Texas Clean Air financing", "Air control facility financing", "Revenue bond financing for air quality" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "384", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 384. AREA EMISSION REDUCTION CREDIT ORGANIZATIONS", "url": "/statutes/HS/384.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/384.json", "summary": "This chapter lets regional councils in areas that don’t meet air quality standards set up organizations to buy, sell, and manage emission reduction credits. The goal is to improve air quality while still supporting economic growth. It spells out how the groups are created, who runs them, what they can do, and how the state oversees them.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a regional council create an area emission reduction credit organization?", "What is the purpose of an area emission reduction credit organization?", "Who can serve on the board of an emission reduction credit organization?", "Can an emission reduction credit organization impose taxes or regulate businesses?", "What annual reports must the organization file and to whom?", "How are conflicts of interest handled for board members?", "What powers does the organization have to acquire, transfer, or fund emission reduction credits?", "Can the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality audit or dissolve the organization?", "How long does an organization exist before it needs re‑approval?", "Is more than one organization allowed in the same metropolitan area?", "What offset requirements apply to credit transactions?", "Can the regional council provide staff to the organization?" ], "issue_tags": [ "air-quality", "emission-reduction-credits", "regional-council", "nonattainment-area", "board-governance", "compliance-reporting" ], "synonyms": [ "area emission reduction credit organization", "AERC organization", "emission credit bank entity", "regional emission credit group", "nonattainment area credit body" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "386", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 386. TEXAS EMISSIONS REDUCTION PLAN", "url": "/statutes/HS/386.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/386.json", "summary": "The Texas Emissions Reduction Plan sets up a state‑run system of grants, rebates, and incentives to cut air pollutants—especially nitrogen oxides—from diesel, natural‑gas, electric, and hydrogen vehicles and equipment. The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality and the comptroller manage a fund that pays for projects like diesel retrofits, clean‑fleet purchases, hydrogen infrastructure, and seaport emission reductions. The plan also establishes rules for measuring, reporting, and tracking the emissions cuts to meet federal air‑quality standards.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I apply for a grant to replace or retrofit a diesel truck with a cleaner engine?", "What incentives are available for buying a light‑duty vehicle that runs on natural gas or electricity?", "Are there rebates for purchasing or leasing hydrogen fuel‑cell trucks in Texas?", "Which counties are considered \"affected\" or \"nonattainment\" under the emissions reduction plan?", "Can a small business receive a grant for a diesel emissions reduction project?", "How does the Texas Clean Fleet program work and who can qualify?", "What is the process for getting funding for hydrogen refueling stations?", "How are emissions reductions calculated and reported to the state?", "What portion of the emissions reduction fund is used for each program (e.g., school buses, alternative fueling, monitoring)?", "When do grant applications need to be submitted and what documentation is required?", "Can I receive a rebate for a diesel vehicle that I lease instead of purchase?", "How does the seaport and rail‑yard emissions reduction incentive program operate?" ], "issue_tags": [ "air-quality", "emissions-reduction", "diesel-grants", "vehicle-incentives", "hydrogen-fuel", "fund-management", "eligible-counties" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Emissions Reduction Plan", "TX emissions reduction program", "state emissions reduction plan", "Texas air quality grant program", "TX emissions reduction fund", "Texas environmental quality incentives" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "387", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 387. AIR QUALITY RESEARCH SUPPORT PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/HS/387.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/387.json", "summary": "Texas created a program that funds air‑quality research by contracting with nonprofits or universities. The law sets rules for how the program’s board is formed, limits administrative costs, and requires the commission to oversee budgets and grants. It also creates a special fund for the money and allows the commission to form advisory committees with a range of stakeholders.", "questions_answered": [ "Who can receive Texas grants for air‑quality research?", "What types of organizations can the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality contract with for the air‑quality research program?", "How many members can serve on the board of a nonprofit that runs the air‑quality research program, and what expertise must be included?", "Can county judges serve on the board of the air‑quality research program?", "What is the maximum percentage of grant money that can be used for administrative costs?", "How does the commission approve and oversee the budget for the research program?", "What is the Environmental Research Fund and how can its money be used?", "Are there any government code chapters that apply to nonprofits receiving these grants?", "Can advisory committees be formed for the program, and who may serve on them?", "Do members of advisory committees get paid for their service?", "What happens to interest earned on the Environmental Research Fund?", "How are scientific experts selected for the program’s board?" ], "issue_tags": [ "air-quality-research", "texas-environment", "nonprofit-governance", "grant-funding", "environmental-research-fund", "advisory-committees" ], "synonyms": [ "Air Quality Research Support Program", "Texas air quality research grants", "Environmental research fund program", "TEQ air quality research initiative", "Texas Commission on Environmental Quality research program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "388", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 388. TEXAS BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE STANDARDS", "url": "/statutes/HS/388.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/388.json", "summary": "Chapter 388 sets Texas’s building energy standards, adopting the International Energy Conservation Code and the energy‑efficiency chapter of the International Residential Code for new construction. It requires local jurisdictions to enforce the codes, allows certified inspections or recognized energy‑rating programs to prove compliance, and mandates reporting and technical assistance to achieve energy savings and lower emissions. The chapter also establishes goals for public entities to cut electricity use and creates a system for developing home energy ratings and alternative energy‑saving methods.", "questions_answered": [ "What energy code must new single‑family homes in Texas meet?", "Can a building be considered compliant if it has an Energy Star or other accredited rating?", "Do I need a special inspector to verify my building’s energy‑code compliance?", "How are energy standards enforced in areas outside city limits?", "What are the energy rating index targets for homes in different Texas climate zones?", "What reduction goals must local governments, schools, or state agencies meet for electricity use?", "Who provides technical help and training for meeting the Texas building energy standards?", "Can a municipality adopt stricter energy requirements than the state code?", "What documentation must a builder keep to prove compliance with the energy standards?", "How does Texas track and report the energy savings and emissions reductions from these programs?" ], "issue_tags": [ "building-energy-codes", "energy-efficiency", "residential-construction", "commercial-construction", "local-government", "compliance", "emissions-reduction" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas building energy standards", "Texas energy code", "building energy performance standards", "state energy conservation statutes", "energy efficiency chapter of the International Residential Code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "389", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 389. EMISSIONS REDUCTION RECOGNITION EFFORTS", "url": "/statutes/HS/389.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/389.json", "summary": "This chapter tells the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) how to use data from emissions reports to get federal credit for Texas's emissions cuts. It requires the TCEQ to create a method for calculating reductions from energy‑efficiency and renewable‑energy projects and to help local governments quantify those credits for the state’s air‑quality plan.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas get federal credit for its emissions reductions?", "What does the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality do to recognize emissions cuts?", "How are emissions reductions from energy‑efficiency programs calculated?", "Can renewable‑energy projects count toward Texas’s emissions‑reduction goals?", "What reports are used to track emissions reductions for federal recognition?", "How does Texas ensure its emissions reductions are included in the federal state implementation plan?", "Who develops the method for computing emissions‑reduction credits in Texas?", "What role do local governments play in quantifying emissions‑reduction credits?", "Why is Chapter 389 important for air‑quality management in Texas?", "What information is needed to claim emissions‑reduction credits from energy‑efficiency initiatives?" ], "issue_tags": [ "emissions-reduction", "air-quality", "federal-credit", "energy-efficiency", "renewable-energy", "state-implementation-plan" ], "synonyms": [ "Emissions Reduction Recognition", "Emissions Credit Program", "Texas EPA Coordination", "Energy Efficiency Emissions Credits", "State Implementation Plan Emissions Tracking" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "390", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 390. CLEAN SCHOOL BUS PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/HS/390.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/390.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a state program that gives money to school districts to lower diesel exhaust from school buses. The program funds things like emission‑cutting devices, cleaner fuels, and replacement of old buses, but the money can only be used for the extra costs of those projects, not for administrative expenses. Buses that get upgraded must stay in service for several years, and any bus that is replaced has to be permanently taken out of use.", "questions_answered": [ "How can my school district apply for a grant to reduce diesel emissions from our school buses?", "What types of projects are eligible for funding under the clean school bus program?", "Can we get money to install diesel oxidation catalysts or particulate filters on older buses?", "Is using alternative fuels for school buses covered by the program?", "What are the requirements for replacing an old school bus with a newer, cleaner model?", "Do we have to keep a retrofitted bus in service for a certain number of years?", "What can we not use the grant money for?", "How must a bus be disposed of or removed after it is replaced under the program?", "Can a regional planning agency or nonprofit apply for these grants on our behalf?", "What criteria does the commission use to prioritize grant projects?" ], "issue_tags": [ "clean-school-bus", "diesel-emissions", "grant-program", "school-transportation", "environmental-health", "bus-retrofit" ], "synonyms": [ "clean school bus program", "diesel exhaust reduction grants", "school bus emission reduction program", "Texas school bus environmental grant", "TX bus retrofit funding" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "391", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 391. NEW TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTATION FOR FACILITIES AND STATIONARY SOURCES", "url": "/statutes/HS/391.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/391.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a grant program administered by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality to help facilities and other stationary sources adopt new technologies that cut air emissions. It outlines who can apply, how projects are evaluated for cost‑effectiveness, the share of costs the applicant must cover, and how the state monitors and recovers grant money. Preference is given to projects that use renewable energy, improve energy efficiency, or reduce waste and flaring.", "questions_answered": [ "How can a Texas facility apply for a grant to install new emissions‑control technology?", "What types of projects are eligible for the new technology implementation grant?", "What cost‑sharing requirements must a grant recipient meet?", "How does the commission decide how much grant money to award?", "Are there preferences for projects that use renewable energy or reduce flaring?", "What documentation is needed to prove a project will actually reduce emissions?", "How does the state monitor grant use and recover funds if they are misused?", "Can a non‑owner of a facility apply for a grant on behalf of the facility?", "What are the reporting obligations for grant recipients?", "When does this grant program expire or get renewed?" ], "issue_tags": [ "emissions-reduction-grants", "new-technology", "air-quality", "cost-sharing", "renewable-energy", "oil-gas", "grant-application" ], "synonyms": [ "New Technology Implementation Grant Program", "Texas emissions reduction grant program", "Air quality technology funding", "Stationary source emissions grant", "TX CEEQ grant program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "392", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 392. TEXAS CLEAN FLEET PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/HS/392.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/392.json", "summary": "The Texas Clean Fleet Program gives grants to fleet owners who replace diesel-powered vehicles with hybrid or alternative‑fuel models. To qualify, a fleet must have at least ten eligible vehicles (or 75 for a grant) and must show a measurable drop in emissions. Grants can cover up to 80 % of the extra cost of the new vehicle and related installation, and the old diesel vehicle must be permanently disabled. The program ends when the commission publishes a termination notice in the Texas Register.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my business get a grant to replace diesel trucks with hybrid or electric vehicles?", "What types of vehicles count as qualifying for the clean fleet program?", "How many vehicles does my fleet need to have to be eligible for a grant?", "What percentage of the replacement cost can the grant cover?", "Do I have to keep the new alternative‑fuel vehicle in Texas for a certain time?", "What emissions reduction must my project achieve to qualify for a grant?", "Can a nonprofit or regional planning agency apply for a clean fleet grant?", "What happens to the old diesel vehicle after it’s replaced?", "Are there any paperwork or reporting requirements after receiving a grant?", "Can the grant be used for administrative expenses of my company?" ], "issue_tags": [ "clean-fleet", "alternative-fuel-grants", "diesel-replacement", "emissions-reduction", "vehicle-fleet", "grant-eligibility", "texas-environment" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Clean Fleet Program", "Clean Fleet Grant Program", "Diesel Replacement Grant", "Alternative Fuel Vehicle Incentive", "TX Environmental Fleet Program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "393", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 393. ALTERNATIVE FUELING FACILITIES PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/HS/393.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/393.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a Texas program that gives grants to build or upgrade alternative‑fuel stations—like electric, CNG, LNG, hydrogen, propane, or high‑methanol pumps—in designated clean transportation zones. It defines which fuels qualify, who can apply, how much money can be awarded, and requires the stations to be publicly accessible. The program also maintains an online list of funded sites and expires when the commission publishes a required notice.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I apply for a grant to build an electric vehicle charging station in Texas?", "What types of fuels are considered \"alternative fuel\" under this program?", "Which counties are included in the clean transportation zone?", "Can a nonprofit organization apply for a grant to install a hydrogen fueling station?", "What is the maximum grant amount for a compressed natural gas (CNG) fueling facility?", "Do I have to make the alternative fueling station open to the public and at what times?", "What costs are allowed to be paid with the grant money?", "Where can I find a list of alternative fueling facilities that have received grants?", "Can I receive more than one grant for the same fueling facility?", "What happens if I don’t follow tax rules for the fuel I sell at the station?", "When does the alternative fueling facilities program expire?" ], "issue_tags": [ "alternative-fuel-grants", "clean-transportation-zone", "texas-environment", "fueling-facilities", "grant-eligibility", "grant-amounts", "public-access" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Alternative Fuel Grant Program", "Alternative Fueling Facilities Program", "TX alternative fueling grants", "Clean transportation zone funding", "Alternative energy station subsidies" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "394", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 394. TEXAS NATURAL GAS VEHICLE GRANT PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/HS/394.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/394.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a Texas grant program that helps owners of heavy‑ or medium‑duty vehicles replace or convert their trucks to run on natural gas. It defines which vehicles qualify, how to apply, how much money can be awarded, and the ongoing use and reporting rules required to keep the grant.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my business receive a grant to buy a natural gas truck?", "What types of vehicles are eligible for the natural gas vehicle grant?", "How much of the cost can the grant cover for a new or repowered natural gas vehicle?", "What documentation do I need to submit to apply for the grant?", "Do I have to keep the natural gas vehicle in Texas after I receive the grant?", "What emissions reduction must my vehicle achieve to qualify for the grant?", "Can I use the grant money for administrative expenses or only for the vehicle purchase?", "What happens if I already received a similar grant or tax credit elsewhere?", "Are used natural gas vehicles allowed, and if so, what model years are acceptable?", "How long must the vehicle be operated in the clean transportation zone after receiving the grant?" ], "issue_tags": [ "natural-gas-vehicles", "grant-program", "heavy-duty-vehicles", "emissions-reduction", "texas-environment", "vehicle-repower", "eligibility-criteria" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Natural Gas Vehicle Grant Program", "NGV grant", "natural gas vehicle incentive", "TX CNG vehicle grant", "natural gas truck funding" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "395", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 395. GOVERNMENTAL ALTERNATIVE FUEL FLEET GRANT PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/HS/395.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/395.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a Texas grant program that helps state agencies and local governments buy or lease vehicles that run on alternative fuels like electricity, natural gas, or hydrogen, and also fund the needed refueling stations. It defines who can apply, what kinds of vehicles and equipment qualify, how grant amounts are calculated, and outlines the administration and reporting requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my city or county apply for a grant to buy electric or natural‑gas vehicles for its fleet?", "What types of alternative‑fuel vehicles are eligible for the grant?", "Do I need to have a certain number of vehicles in my fleet to qualify for funding?", "Can the grant be used to build or lease a refueling station for alternative‑fuel vehicles?", "How long must a lease for a vehicle or refueling equipment be to use grant money?", "What factors does the commission consider when deciding how much grant money to award?", "Are there limits on how much of the grant can be used for infrastructure versus vehicles?", "Do projects that generate emissions‑reduction credits need to transfer or retire those credits to receive a grant?", "What priority does the program give to projects in non‑attainment areas or to state agencies?", "How does the program report its results to the governor and legislature?" ], "issue_tags": [ "alternative-fuel-grants", "government-fleet", "emissions-reduction", "refueling-infrastructure", "grant-eligibility", "vehicle-purchasing" ], "synonyms": [ "government alternative fuel fleet grant program", "state agency clean vehicle grant", "public entity alternative fuel vehicle funding", "alternative fuel fleet assistance program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "401", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 401. RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS AND OTHER SOURCES OF RADIATION", "url": "/statutes/HS/401.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/401.json", "summary": "The Texas Radiation Control Act creates a state program to regulate all sources of radiation, including radioactive materials, low‑level waste, and related facilities. It sets up licensing, registration, inspection, and enforcement procedures, establishes a radiation advisory board, and outlines fees, security, and penalties. The chapter also covers specific areas such as low‑level waste disposal, by‑product material management, mammography certification, and laser hair‑removal regulations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license or registration to own or use a radioactive device in Texas?", "How can I apply for a license to operate a low‑level radioactive waste disposal or processing facility?", "What fees, security deposits, and financial qualifications are required for radiation licenses?", "What are the penalties for violating Texas radiation regulations?", "How does Texas manage the disposal and transportation of low‑level radioactive waste?", "What is the role and composition of the Texas Radiation Advisory Board?", "How are mammography systems certified and inspected in Texas?", "Do I need a certificate to perform laser hair removal, and what are the requirements?", "What rules apply to the transport and routing of radioactive materials and waste?", "Can a nuclear reactor facility operate without a Texas radiation license?" ], "issue_tags": [ "radiation-control", "radioactive-waste", "licensing", "public-safety", "environmental-protection", "compliance", "medical-imaging" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Radiation Control Act", "Chapter 401 of the Health and Safety Code", "Radiation Control Program", "Radioactive Materials Regulation", "Texas radiation law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "403", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 403. TEXAS LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL COMPACT", "url": "/statutes/HS/403.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/403.json", "summary": "This chapter creates and governs the Texas Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Compact Commission, which oversees the safe handling and disposal of low-level radioactive waste in Texas. It sets how commissioners are appointed, their terms, duties, funding, and oversight, and outlines the commission’s powers and relationship to other states in the compact.", "questions_answered": [ "How are members of the Texas low-level radioactive waste commission chosen and how long do they serve?", "What happens if a commissioner’s seat becomes vacant?", "What duties and powers does the commission have regarding waste disposal?", "Does the commission receive state money and how is it funded?", "Who represents the commission in court cases?", "How is the commission audited and reviewed for performance?", "What rules govern the disposal of low-level radioactive waste under the compact?", "What fees are charged for disposing waste at the Texas facility?", "What happens if a party state wants to leave the compact?", "Can the commission enter contracts or accept grants?", "How are disputes between party states resolved?", "Where would a lawsuit against the commission be filed?" ], "issue_tags": [ "low-level-radioactive-waste", "commission-appointments", "funding-and-audits", "interstate-compact", "waste-disposal-regulations", "texas-environment" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Compact", "LLW Compact", "Texas LLW Commission", "low-level radioactive waste compact commission", "Texas radioactive waste compact" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "425", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 425. REGULATION OF CERTAIN OUTDOOR LIGHTING", "url": "/statutes/HS/425.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/425.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for any outdoor lighting that is paid for with state money. It requires fixtures over 1,800 lumens to be cutoff types that limit upward light, and it emphasizes energy savings, glare reduction, and protecting the night sky. Certain situations—like emergencies, temporary work, special events, aesthetic lighting, or federal preemption—are exempt from these requirements. The overall aim is to balance safety and visibility with environmental concerns.", "questions_answered": [ "Can the state fund a street light that shines upward?", "What kind of outdoor lights does Texas require when using state money?", "Do billboard or advertising lights need special fixtures if they are state‑funded?", "Are there exemptions for emergency or temporary lighting when using state funds?", "How does Texas define light pollution?", "What energy‑saving measures are required for state‑funded outdoor lighting?", "Can a city install bright floodlights for a festival with state money?", "Do temporary construction lights have to meet cutoff standards?", "Who decides if reflective road markers can replace a light on a state highway?", "What is a cutoff luminaire and why is it required?", "Are there rules for lighting historic monuments or flags with state funds?", "What does the law say about glare and protecting the night sky?" ], "issue_tags": [ "light-pollution", "outdoor-lighting-standards", "state-funding", "energy-conservation", "glare-reduction", "exemptions" ], "synonyms": [ "regulation of outdoor lighting", "Texas outdoor lighting rules", "state-funded lighting standards", "light pollution control statutes", "cutoff luminaire requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "427", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 427. TEXAS ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSTITUTE", "url": "/statutes/HS/427.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/427.json", "summary": "The Texas Environmental Health Institute is a joint effort between the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality and the Department of State Health Services. It focuses on identifying, studying, and reducing health problems caused by environmental contamination near federal or state superfund sites. The institute creates plans to protect residents, educates the public about risks, and seeks funding for research and programs.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Texas Environmental Health Institute?", "Which state agencies created the Texas Environmental Health Institute?", "What are the main goals of the institute?", "How does the institute help people who live near superfund sites?", "What kind of programs can the institute develop or run?", "Can the institute receive gifts or grants from private donors?", "How does the institute plan to educate residents about environmental health risks?", "What research does the institute support regarding contamination exposure?", "What does \"immediately surrounding area\" mean in this context?", "How does the institute find funding for its activities?" ], "issue_tags": [ "environmental-health", "superfund", "public-health", "texas-agency", "research-funding", "community-education" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Environmental Health Institute", "TEHI", "state environmental health institute", "Texas health and environment institute", "environmental health institute of Texas" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "430", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 430. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/HS/430.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/430.json", "summary": "This chapter lists the basic definitions used throughout Texas's health and safety statutes. It explains who the commissioner of state health services is, what the Department of State Health Services refers to, and who the executive commissioner of the Health and Human Services Commission is. These definitions help readers understand which officials and agencies are meant when the law mentions them.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is the commissioner of state health services?", "What does the term 'department' mean in Texas health law?", "Who is the executive commissioner of the Health and Human Services Commission?", "What agency does the Department of State Health Services refer to?", "How are key health officials defined in Texas statutes?", "Where can I find the definition of 'commissioner' in the health code?", "What does 'executive commissioner' refer to in Texas health regulations?", "Which office oversees state health services in Texas?", "What is the meaning of 'department' in the health and safety code?", "How does the health code define the roles of health officials?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-health-definitions", "state-health-agency", "health-code-terminology", "regulatory-terms" ], "synonyms": [ "Definitions section of the Health and Safety Code", "Glossary of health code terms", "Health code terminology definitions", "Texas health statutes definitions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "431", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 431. TEXAS FOOD, DRUG, AND COSMETIC ACT", "url": "/statutes/HS/431.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/431.json", "summary": "The Texas Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act sets rules for how foods, drugs, medical devices, and cosmetics must be made, labeled, sold, and inspected in Texas. It defines what counts as adulterated or misbranded, outlines prohibited actions, and gives the health department authority to enforce the law through inspections, penalties, recalls, and court orders. The chapter also establishes licensing requirements for manufacturers, wholesalers, and distributors, and provides special rules for things like infant formula, hemp products, and cell‑cultured protein.", "questions_answered": [ "What does it mean when a food, drug, or cosmetic is considered adulterated in Texas?", "How can I tell if a product is misbranded or has false labeling?", "Do I need a license to sell or distribute food, drugs, or medical devices in Texas?", "What are the penalties for selling a product that violates Texas food and drug laws?", "Can a manufacturer be forced to recall a product, and how does that process work?", "What labeling requirements apply to foods that contain certain additives or colorants?", "Are there special rules for selling infant formula, hemp products, or cell‑cultured protein?", "What can the Texas health department do during an inspection of a food or drug facility?", "How are wholesale distributors of prescription drugs regulated and what records must they keep?", "What are the rules for advertising a drug, device, or vaccine in Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "food-safety", "drug-regulation", "device-licensing", "cosmetic-labeling", "adulteration", "misbranding", "inspection-enforcement", "recall-procedures" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act", "TFDCA", "state food and drug law", "consumer commodity regulations", "Texas health code chapter 431", "food‑drug‑cosmetic statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "432", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 432. FOOD, DRUG, DEVICE, AND COSMETIC SALVAGE ACT", "url": "/statutes/HS/432.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/432.json", "summary": "This Texas law sets rules for handling and selling distressed (adulterated or misbranded) food, drugs, medical devices, and cosmetics. It requires anyone operating a salvage business or acting as a salvage broker to obtain a state license, follow minimum standards, and pay fees. The chapter also outlines exemptions, renewal processes, and penalties for non‑compliance, including civil and criminal sanctions.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to operate a salvage establishment or act as a salvage broker in Texas?", "What types of food, drug, device, or cosmetic products are considered distressed merchandise?", "Can a nonprofit organization donate salvaged food without a license?", "How long does a salvage license last and how do I renew it?", "What are the penalties if I sell or distribute salvaged products without a license?", "What is the process for applying for a salvage broker or operator license?", "Are there specific rules for using a salvage warehouse?", "Can a city impose stricter regulations on salvage operators than the state standards?", "What emergency powers does the department have to stop the sale of unsafe salvaged products?", "How are civil penalties calculated for violations of the salvage act?", "What exemptions exist for manufacturers who recondition their own products?", "What fees are required for license applications and renewals under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "salvage-licensing", "distressed-merchandise", "food-drug-safety", "regulatory-compliance", "civil-penalties", "emergency-orders", "nonprofit-exemptions" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Food, Drug, Device, and Cosmetic Salvage Act", "Salvage Act", "Chapter 432", "Food and drug salvage regulations", "Distressed merchandise regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "433", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 433. TEXAS MEAT AND POULTRY INSPECTION ACT", "url": "/statutes/HS/433.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/433.json", "summary": "This chapter sets Texas rules for inspecting, labeling, and handling meat and poultry to keep them safe and accurately represented. It defines what counts as adulterated or misbranded, outlines inspection procedures, exemptions for personal use and low‑volume processors, and the penalties for violations. The department works with federal agencies to enforce these standards.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a state inspection before I slaughter my own livestock for personal use?", "Can I sell meat from my farm without a Texas inspection mark?", "What labeling must be on meat that has passed Texas inspection?", "What are the penalties for selling adulterated or misbranded meat or poultry?", "How does the law treat meat from exotic animals or hunted game that I want to donate to a food bank?", "What is an animal share and how does it affect inspection requirements?", "Do low‑volume meat processing plants have to register with the state?", "Can I sell cell‑cultured protein for human consumption in Texas?", "What rules apply to transporting meat within Texas?", "How are poultry products that are missing parts (like heads or feet) regulated?" ], "issue_tags": [ "meat-inspection", "poultry-inspection", "labeling-requirements", "adulteration", "misbranding", "exemptions", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Meat and Poultry Inspection Act", "Chapter 433 of the Health and Safety Code", "Texas meat inspection law", "Texas poultry inspection law", "Texas food safety meat regulations", "Texas meat labeling rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "434", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 434. PUBLIC HEALTH PROVISIONS RELATING TO PRODUCTION OF BAKED GOODS", "url": "/statutes/HS/434.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/434.json", "summary": "This chapter lays out health and safety rules that bakeries must follow. It covers how the building, work areas, restrooms, and storage must be kept clean, how employees must handle themselves and ingredients, how bakery products should be stored and transported, weight standards for loaves, and the penalties for breaking the rules.", "questions_answered": [ "What cleanliness and lighting requirements do bakery buildings need to meet?", "How must restrooms and hand‑washing stations be set up in a bakery?", "What are the rules about keeping animals, tobacco, or sick workers out of bakery areas?", "How should bakery ingredients be stored to prevent spoilage or contamination?", "What standards apply to the containers used for transporting baked goods?", "What are the requirements for storage boxes that hold bread or other bakery products?", "What weight standards must loaves of bread follow, and how much can they vary?", "What penalties can a bakery face for violating these health rules?", "What defines an adulterated baking powder or self‑rising flour?", "Can a bakery use a workroom for non‑bakery activities like sleeping or living?" ], "issue_tags": [ "bakery-sanitation", "food-safety", "ingredient-quality", "storage-requirements", "weight-standards", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Bakery health regulations", "Baked goods production standards", "Public health rules for bakeries", "Bakery sanitation code", "Food safety provisions for bakeries" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "435", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 435. DAIRY PRODUCTS", "url": "/statutes/HS/435.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/435.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for dairy products in Texas. It tells who must get a permit to sell milk, how milk is graded and labeled, and what inspections and record‑keeping are required. It also outlines the fees, how to appeal permit decisions, and the penalties for violations, including limits on imported milk for state agencies.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a permit to sell milk or milk products in Texas?", "How can I apply for a Grade A label for my milk?", "What inspections does the state require for raw and pasteurized milk?", "What fees do I have to pay for a dairy farm or processing plant permit?", "Can I resell milk that I bought from another permitted seller without getting my own permit?", "What are the rules about using misleading labels on milk or dairy products?", "Can my city require that only pasteurized milk be sold in retail stores?", "Are state agencies allowed to purchase imported milk or cheese?", "What records must I keep as a milk producer or processor?", "How do I appeal a denied, suspended, or revoked milk permit?" ], "issue_tags": [ "dairy-permits", "milk-grading", "milk-inspection", "labeling", "fees", "penalties", "imported-milk" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Dairy Regulations", "Milk Grading and Labeling Rules", "Dairy Product Safety Code", "Texas Milk Permit Act" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "436", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 436. AQUATIC LIFE", "url": "/statutes/HS/436.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/436.json", "summary": "The Texas Aquatic Life Act sets rules for harvesting, processing, labeling, and selling molluscan shellfish (like oysters, clams, and mussels) and crabmeat. It defines approved, closed, restricted and prohibited water areas, requires licenses and certificates for processors, and establishes inspection, recall, and penalty procedures to protect public health. The chapter also creates an oyster program, fee structure, and the Texas Oyster Council to advise the department.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I take or sell shellfish from a closed or prohibited water area?", "Do I need a special license or certificate to process crabmeat or shellfish?", "What labeling information must be on a package of oysters or crabmeat?", "What are the penalties if I sell shellfish that is mislabeled or taken from a restricted area?", "How does Texas classify shellfish growing areas and how can those classifications change?", "What steps does the department take if contaminated shellfish need to be recalled?", "Who is responsible for enforcing the Aquatic Life Act and conducting inspections?", "What temperature rules apply to storing oysters after they are harvested?", "How are fees for oyster sales calculated and who collects them?", "Can I sell shellfish that I bought from another state, and what certification is required?" ], "issue_tags": [ "aquatic-life", "shellfish-regulation", "food-safety", "licensing", "labeling", "enforcement", "oyster-program" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Aquatic Life Act", "Chapter 436", "Aquatic Life statutes", "Shellfish law", "Molluscan shellfish regulations", "Crabmeat processing rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "437", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 437. REGULATION OF FOOD SERVICE ESTABLISHMENTS, RETAIL FOOD STORES, MOBILE FOOD UNITS, AND ROADSIDE FOOD VENDORS", "url": "/statutes/HS/437.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/437.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for permits, inspections, fees, and safety standards that apply to restaurants, grocery stores, food trucks, roadside vendors, and home‑based cottage food producers in Texas. It explains who must obtain permits, what labeling, hygiene, and certification requirements are needed, and outlines the penalties for operating without compliance. The law also includes special provisions for farms, farmers’ markets, honey producers, service animals, and allergen awareness.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a permit to operate a food truck or mobile food unit in Texas?", "Can I sell homemade baked goods from my home without a license or permit?", "What labeling information must I put on cottage‑food products?", "Are there fees I must pay for a restaurant or retail food store permit, and can local authorities charge more than the state fee?", "Do I need a certified food manager on duty at my food service establishment?", "What are the rules for providing food samples or selling food at a farmers’ market?", "Can a local health department regulate a honey production operation?", "Do I need a permit to operate a roadside food stand or temporary food service establishment?", "What are the penalties for operating a food service business without the required permit?", "Can I allow dogs in my restaurant’s outdoor dining area, and what are the requirements?", "Do I have to post a food allergen awareness poster in my establishment?", "What are the requirements for transporting and serving food at a workplace?" ], "issue_tags": [ "food-permits", "cottage-food", "mobile-food-units", "inspections", "labeling", "fees", "service-animal", "farm-markets" ], "synonyms": [ "Food service establishment regulations", "Restaurant and food truck licensing", "Texas food safety rules", "Cottage food law", "Retail food store permits", "Mobile food unit regulations", "Roadside vendor food rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "437A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 437A. MOBILE FOOD SERVICE ESTABLISHMENTS OPERATING IN CERTAIN COUNTIES IN MORE THAN ONE MUNICIPALITY", "url": "/statutes/HS/437A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/437A.json", "summary": "This chapter requires mobile food vendors that operate in large Texas counties with airports to obtain a county permit before they can serve customers in any city within that county. The county must decide on the application within three business days and can refuse the permit if the vendor has health or safety issues elsewhere. Permit holders are subject to regular and surprise inspections, can be fined or have their permit suspended for violations, and must renew the permit each year. The state health commissioner can create rules to carry out these requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a county permit to run a food truck in a Texas county with an airport?", "Can my mobile food business operate in multiple cities within the same county with one permit?", "How quickly must the county decide on my food truck permit application?", "What reasons can a county use to refuse my mobile food service permit?", "Will my food truck be inspected by the county, and how often?", "Can the county fine or suspend my food truck permit for health violations?", "How often do I need to renew my mobile food service permit?", "Who sets the rules that my mobile food vendor must follow?", "Does this law apply to all counties in Texas or only certain ones?", "What should I do if the county refuses my permit because of a citation in another jurisdiction?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mobile-food-permits", "county-regulation", "food-truck-inspections", "airport-areas", "permit-renewal", "texas-health-code" ], "synonyms": [ "mobile food service establishment permit", "food truck county permit", "mobile food vendor licensing", "county mobile food regulation", "mobile food unit permit" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "437B", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 437B. MOBILE FOOD VENDORS", "url": "/statutes/HS/437B.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/437B.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a statewide system for licensing and inspecting mobile food vendors in Texas. It tells who must get a license, how to apply, what health inspections are required, how vendors are classified, what fees apply, and how violations are enforced, while limiting local rules that conflict with the state program.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to operate a food truck or other mobile food vending vehicle in Texas?", "How do I apply for a mobile food vendor license and what information must I provide?", "What fees are required for the license application, renewal, and health inspections?", "How often must my food vending vehicle be inspected and who conducts the inspections?", "What are the different classifications of mobile food vendors and how do they affect inspections?", "Can a local city or county prohibit my mobile food vending operation if I have a state license?", "Can I transfer my mobile food vendor license to another person or to a different vehicle?", "What are the penalties if I operate without a license or continue operating after a suspension or revocation?", "How do I renew my mobile food vendor license and can I keep operating while renewal is pending?", "What must I display on my vehicle to show compliance with licensing and inspection requirements?", "What are the rules for providing my operating locations and itineraries to the department?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mobile-food-vendor", "licensing", "health-inspections", "local-preemption", "fees", "enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "food truck regulations", "mobile food vendor license", "Texas food vending vehicle rules", "mobile food vendor program", "food truck licensing" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "438", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 438. PUBLIC HEALTH MEASURES RELATING TO FOOD", "url": "/statutes/HS/438.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/438.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for how food, especially unpackaged bulk items, must be displayed, sold, cleaned, and handled to protect public health. It covers sanitation of dishes and utensils, health requirements for food workers, mandatory training and certification for food handlers and managers, and the penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sell bulk candy or nuts from a self‑service container, and what safety features are required?", "What are the sanitation rules for washing and sterilizing dishes, utensils, and food‑grinding equipment in a restaurant?", "Do food‑service employees need a medical exam or doctor’s certificate before they can work with food?", "What personal hygiene practices must food workers follow, such as hand‑washing and use of clean towels?", "What training is required for a food handler, and how many hours of instruction are needed for accreditation?", "How do I become a certified food manager, and what does the certification exam cover?", "Can a local city charge extra fees or require a separate food manager card if I already have a state‑issued certificate?", "What are the fines or misdemeanor penalties if I violate the unpackaged food or sanitation rules?", "How must single‑use items like napkins, straws, or ice‑cream cones be protected from contamination?", "What authority do municipalities have to inspect food establishments and enforce these rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "food-safety", "unpackaged-food", "sanitation", "employee-health", "training-accreditation", "food-manager-certification", "inspection-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "public health measures for food", "food safety regulations", "unpackaged food rules", "food service sanitation standards", "food handler training requirements", "food manager certification program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "439", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 439. MANUFACTURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF CERTAIN DRUGS", "url": "/statutes/HS/439.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/439.json", "summary": "This chapter sets Texas rules for making, prescribing, selling, and tracking specific drugs such as laetrile, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), certain unused medicines, and brand‑name insulin. It tells doctors how they can prescribe these substances, what records they must keep, and what the state can do if they break the rules. It also covers how unused drugs can be shipped abroad and requires verification from insulin manufacturers when no generic is available.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a Texas physician prescribe laetrile for cancer treatment?", "What record‑keeping requirements does a doctor have when dispensing laetrile or DMSO?", "What penalties apply if someone advertises DMSO as a cure for disease?", "May a hospital block a doctor from using DMSO, and how can that be challenged?", "How can a nursing home pharmacist send unused drugs to a foreign country?", "What labeling is required for DMSO sold in Texas?", "Can a pharmacist dispense DMSO on a physician’s prescription?", "What actions can the Texas Medical Board take against a doctor who misuses laetrile or DMSO?", "What verification must a brand‑name insulin manufacturer provide to the state?", "Are there any restrictions on selling laetrile if federal law allows it?" ], "issue_tags": [ "drug-manufacture", "laetrile", "dimethyl-sulfoxide", "drug-recordkeeping", "insulin-verification", "unused-drug-export", "medical-board-discipline" ], "synonyms": [ "manufacture and distribution of certain drugs", "Texas drug manufacturing rules", "laetrile and DMSO regulations", "drug export to foreign countries", "brand insulin verification requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "440", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 440. FROZEN DESSERTS MANUFACTURER LICENSING ACT", "url": "/statutes/HS/440.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/440.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a statewide licensing system for anyone who makes frozen desserts, imitation frozen desserts, or mixes for those products. It establishes health and safety standards for manufacturing plants, requires inspections, fees, and recordkeeping, and gives the health department authority to enforce the rules and impose penalties. Retail ice‑cream shops are generally exempt unless they also manufacture the product.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to manufacture ice cream or other frozen desserts in Texas?", "What are the steps and requirements to obtain a frozen dessert manufacturing license?", "How often must a frozen dessert license be renewed?", "What fees are required for a frozen dessert manufacturer, and how are they calculated?", "What health and safety standards must my frozen dessert plant meet?", "What kind of inspections will the health department conduct at my facility?", "What records do I have to keep as a frozen dessert manufacturer?", "What penalties apply if I operate a frozen dessert plant without a license?", "Are out‑of‑state frozen dessert manufacturers required to get a Texas license?", "Can I get a temporary permit while waiting for a full inspection?", "Are retail ice‑cream shops exempt from the licensing requirements?", "Who sets the rules and standards for frozen dessert manufacturing in Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "frozen-dessert-licensing", "food-safety", "manufacturing-standards", "health-department-enforcement", "licensing-fees", "out-of-state-compliance" ], "synonyms": [ "Frozen Desserts Manufacturer Licensing Act", "Texas frozen dessert licensing", "frozen dessert manufacturing regulations", "frozen dessert plant licensing", "frozen dessert industry licensing" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "441", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 441. DRUG COST TRANSPARENCY", "url": "/statutes/HS/441.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/441.json", "summary": "This chapter forces pharmaceutical manufacturers to file yearly reports on the list price they charge wholesalers for prescription drugs, and to report any large price hikes. The state must post this information on a public website, and manufacturers must pay a modest fee with each filing. The department can levy daily fines for missed or inaccurate reports, but gives manufacturers a chance to correct errors before penalties apply.", "questions_answered": [ "What price information must drug manufacturers report to Texas?", "When is the annual drug price report due?", "Where can I find the Texas website that shows prescription drug prices?", "What triggers a special report on a drug price increase?", "What details must be included in a price‑increase report?", "How much does the state charge manufacturers for filing these reports?", "What penalties can the state impose if a manufacturer fails to report?", "Does this law apply to animal health products?", "How is \"wholesale acquisition cost\" defined?", "Can a manufacturer avoid a penalty by correcting a filing early?", "What factors must a manufacturer explain for a price hike?", "How does the state publish the price‑increase information?" ], "issue_tags": [ "drug-price-transparency", "wholesale-acquisition-cost", "reporting-requirements", "administrative-penalties", "public-disclosure", "pharmaceutical-manufacturers" ], "synonyms": [ "Drug Cost Transparency Act", "Prescription Drug Price Reporting", "Texas drug pricing disclosure law", "Wholesale acquisition cost reporting", "Pharmaceutical price transparency statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "442", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 442. DONATION OF PRESCRIPTION DRUGS", "url": "/statutes/HS/442.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/442.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a system for donating unused prescription medicines. It defines who can donate, who can receive, how the drugs must be stored, inspected, labeled, and given out, and sets limits on fees and liability. It also requires paperwork and a public list of participating providers.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I donate leftover prescription drugs to a hospital or pharmacy?", "What kinds of prescription medications are allowed to be donated?", "Do donated drugs have to be in their original, unopened packaging?", "Are controlled substances or drugs that need special FDA monitoring allowed to be donated?", "Can a pharmacy charge a fee for handling donated prescription drugs?", "Do I need a prescription from a doctor to receive donated medication?", "What records must a provider keep when they give out donated drugs?", "What forms do donors and recipients have to sign before a donation?", "How must donated drugs be labeled before they are given to a patient?", "Is there a list of pharmacies or hospitals that participate in the drug donation program?", "What legal protection do donors and providers have if something goes wrong with a donated drug?", "Can a donor sell donated prescription drugs to a participating provider?" ], "issue_tags": [ "prescription-drug-donation", "drug-safety", "pharmacy-regulation", "liability-protection", "drug-labeling", "healthcare-provider" ], "synonyms": [ "medication donation program", "unused prescription drug redistribution", "donated drug handling rules", "prescription medication donation guidelines", "drug donation process" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "442A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 442A. PRESCRIPTION DRUG SAFE DISPOSAL PILOT PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/HS/442A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/442A.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a pilot program that lets Texas pharmacies collect unused prescription drugs from the public and dispose of them safely. It sets rules for pharmacy eligibility, collection containers, mail‑back envelopes, recordkeeping, and how the state will fund and report on the program. The board also provides outreach materials and may label participating pharmacies as premier providers.", "questions_answered": [ "How can a pharmacy apply to join the prescription drug safe disposal pilot program?", "What eligibility criteria must a pharmacy meet to collect unused prescription drugs?", "Can a pharmacy provide mail‑back envelopes for patients to return unused prescriptions?", "Are there any costs for patients who drop off unused prescription drugs at a pharmacy?", "What types of prescription drugs (controlled or non‑controlled) can be collected together?", "How does the state reimburse pharmacies for the costs of disposing collected drugs?", "What recordkeeping requirements do participating pharmacies have to follow?", "What outreach or education does the board provide to the public about safe drug disposal?", "When does the pilot program expire or end?", "Can a pharmacy use a special designation for marketing after joining the program?" ], "issue_tags": [ "prescription-drug-disposal", "pharmacy-participation", "safe-collection-receptacles", "mail-back-program", "board-funding", "program-reporting" ], "synonyms": [ "Prescription Drug Safe Disposal Pilot", "Texas Pharmacy Drug Take-Back Program", "Safe Disposal Initiative", "Prescription Take-Back Program", "Drug Collection Pilot" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "443", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 443. MANUFACTURE, DISTRIBUTION, AND SALE OF CONSUMABLE HEMP PRODUCTS", "url": "/statutes/HS/443.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/443.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a statewide system for making, testing, labeling, and selling hemp‑derived foods, drugs, devices, and cosmetics in Texas. It requires a license to process hemp, mandates testing for THC levels, contaminants, and microbes, and sets labeling rules that include batch info and a QR code. Retailers of CBD products must register, and local governments cannot ban hemp processing. Smoking‑type hemp products are prohibited.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to process hemp or make a consumable hemp product in Texas?", "What THC concentration is allowed in hemp‑derived foods and supplements?", "What testing is required before I can sell a hemp product?", "How must a hemp product be labeled, and what information does the label need to include?", "Can a city or county ban the manufacturing or sale of hemp products?", "Do I have to register my store if I sell CBD‑containing products?", "Can I sell hemp products that were made in another state?", "What happens to my license if I have a felony conviction related to controlled substances?", "Are hemp products that are meant for smoking allowed under this law?", "What is the process for transporting hemp products across state lines?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hemp-manufacturing", "product-testing", "licensing", "labeling", "retail-registration", "thc-limit", "federal-compliance" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas hemp product regulations", "consumable hemp product law", "hemp‑derived food and drug rules", "CBD product licensing statutes", "Texas hemp manufacturing statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "444", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 444. WHOLESALE PRESCRIPTION DRUG IMPORTATION PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/HS/444.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/444.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a Texas program that lets licensed wholesalers bring in certain prescription drugs from Canada to lower costs for patients. It defines which drugs can be imported, how the program is run, how safety and tracking are ensured, and requires annual reporting on its performance.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I get cheaper prescription drugs from Canada through a Texas program?", "How does Texas import prescription drugs from outside the United States?", "What kinds of prescription drugs are allowed under the Texas import program?", "Who is allowed to sell imported prescription drugs in Texas?", "How does the state make sure imported drugs are safe and meet FDA standards?", "Are there any fees or charges for drugs imported under this program?", "Can pharmacies or health plans outside Texas sell these imported drugs?", "What information does Texas provide about the drugs and suppliers in the program?", "How does Texas monitor for anticompetitive behavior related to the import program?", "What steps must a health benefit plan or pharmacy take to participate in the program?", "How does the state audit the wholesalers that bring in the drugs?", "What reports does the commission submit about the program each year?" ], "issue_tags": [ "wholesale-drug-import", "prescription-cost-savings", "drug-safety", "cross-border-pharmacy", "program-oversight", "health-benefit-plan" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas prescription drug import program", "Texas wholesale drug importation", "Canadian drug import program", "out-of-country prescription drug program", "Texas drug cost reduction initiative" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "445", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 445. MANUFACTURE, DISTRIBUTION, AND SALE OF KRATOM PRODUCTS", "url": "/statutes/HS/445.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/445.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for making, labeling, and selling kratom products in Texas. It requires clear usage directions on each product, bans adulterated or contaminated items, and forbids sales to anyone under 18. Violations can lead to escalating civil fines, and the state health commissioner can issue additional rules to protect consumers.", "questions_answered": [ "Do kratom products need a label with serving size and safety directions?", "Can I sell kratom to someone who is under 18 years old?", "What substances are not allowed in kratom products?", "What is the maximum allowed level of 7‑hydroxymitragynine in kratom?", "Who is considered a kratom processor or retailer under the law?", "What civil penalties apply for the first, second, and later violations?", "Can a retailer avoid a penalty if they relied in good faith on a supplier’s information?", "Are there additional penalties besides the civil fines for kratom violations?", "Who can enforce the kratom regulations in Texas?", "Can the health commissioner create more rules about kratom safety?", "Is kratom classified as a food under Texas law?", "What actions are prohibited for kratom processors and retailers?" ], "issue_tags": [ "kratom-regulation", "labeling-requirements", "minors-protection", "product-adulteration", "civil-penalties", "texas-health-code" ], "synonyms": [ "Kratom product law", "Texas kratom regulations", "Kratom manufacturing and sales rules", "Kratom labeling statute", "Kratom safety code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "446", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 446. IVERMECTIN", "url": "/statutes/HS/446.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/446.json", "summary": "Texas law lets pharmacists give ivermectin to customers without a doctor's prescription, as long as they follow written procedures set by the State Board of Pharmacy. Pharmacists who follow these rules are protected from criminal, civil, or professional penalties for dispensing the drug.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a pharmacist give me ivermectin without a prescription in Texas?", "Do I need a doctor's order to get ivermectin from a pharmacy?", "What steps must a pharmacist follow to dispense ivermectin without a prescription?", "Are pharmacists protected from liability if they give ivermectin without a prescription?", "What written protocols does the Texas State Board of Pharmacy require for ivermectin dispensing?", "Will I be charged a prescription fee for ivermectin if I get it at a pharmacy?", "Can a pharmacist refuse to dispense ivermectin if they think it’s unsafe?", "What happens if a pharmacist dispenses ivermectin incorrectly?", "Is there a special form or instruction I must receive when I get ivermectin from a pharmacy?", "Does this law apply to all pharmacies in Texas?", "Can a pharmacist give ivermectin to a minor without a prescription?", "What are the penalties for a pharmacist who doesn’t follow the board’s ivermectin protocol?" ], "issue_tags": [ "ivermectin-dispensing", "pharmacy-protocols", "prescription-exemption", "pharmacist-liability", "texas-health-law" ], "synonyms": [ "Ivermectin dispensing law", "Texas ivermectin pharmacy rule", "non-prescription ivermectin provision", "pharmacist ivermectin protocol", "Ivermectin without prescription statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "461A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 461A. DEPARTMENT OF STATE HEALTH SERVICES: CHEMICAL DEPENDENCY SERVICES AND RELATED PROGRAMS", "url": "/statutes/HS/461A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/461A.json", "summary": "This chapter directs the Texas Department of State Health Services to create, fund, and oversee programs that prevent, treat, and rehabilitate people with alcohol or drug problems. It defines key terms, sets standards for treatment facilities, outlines the department’s powers, and requires reporting and coordination with other agencies, including special programs like opioid antagonist distribution and gambling addiction services.", "questions_answered": [ "What kinds of services does Texas offer for people with alcohol or drug addiction?", "How does the state define chemical dependency and related terms?", "What are the requirements for a facility to be considered a treatment facility in Texas?", "How does the department fund and monitor chemical dependency programs and contracts?", "What is the opioid antagonist program and who can receive the medication?", "How does the state provide emergency treatment resources for people in withdrawal or overdose?", "What reporting is required for children involved in or from families with substance abuse?", "How does the department develop and update its statewide service delivery plan?", "What programs exist for people in the criminal justice system who need substance‑abuse treatment?", "How does Texas address problem gambling through education and treatment?", "What are the rules for peer assistance programs for impaired professionals?", "How does the department coordinate research and education about controlled substances?" ], "issue_tags": [ "chemical-dependency", "substance-abuse-treatment", "opioid-antagonist", "funding", "prevention-programs", "treatment-facilities", "reporting" ], "synonyms": [ "chemical dependency services", "substance abuse programs", "alcohol and drug treatment", "Texas drug and alcohol services", "state chemical dependency program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "462", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 462. TREATMENT OF PERSONS WITH CHEMICAL DEPENDENCIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/462.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/462.json", "summary": "Chapter 462 lays out Texas rules for handling people with alcohol or drug addictions. It covers how they can be voluntarily admitted, detained in emergencies, or ordered into treatment by a court, and sets out their rights, consent requirements, costs, and penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "How can a person be taken into emergency detention for chemical dependency?", "What rights does someone have while being detained for substance‑abuse treatment?", "How does a court order treatment for a person with a chemical dependency?", "Can a patient refuse medication or therapy while in a treatment facility?", "Who is responsible for paying the costs of court‑ordered treatment?", "What is the process for voluntarily admitting a minor to a treatment program?", "What filing steps are required to start a court‑ordered treatment proceeding?", "What penalties apply if someone violates the rules of this chapter?", "How long can a person be held in emergency detention before a hearing?", "What medical documentation is needed for a court‑ordered treatment hearing?", "How can a patient be released from a treatment facility after the court order ends?", "What are the procedures for modifying an outpatient treatment order?" ], "issue_tags": [ "chemical-dependency", "emergency-detention", "court-ordered-treatment", "consent-to-treatment", "treatment-facilities", "minor-admission", "costs-and-liability", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Treatment of chemical dependent persons", "Texas chemical dependency statutes", "Chapter 462 of the Health and Safety Code", "Substance abuse treatment provisions", "Chemical dependency treatment regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "464", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 464. FACILITIES TREATING PERSONS WITH A CHEMICAL DEPENDENCY", "url": "/statutes/HS/464.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/464.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for licensing, inspecting, and overseeing any facility that provides treatment for alcohol or drug addiction in Texas. It defines which places need a license, outlines how to apply, renew, and what standards must be met, and lists penalties for violations. The chapter also explains exemptions for certain government‑run, private‑practice, self‑help, and faith‑based programs, and describes how counties can contract with alcoholism programs.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a state license to operate a drug or alcohol rehab center in Texas?", "What kinds of facilities are considered chemical‑dependency treatment facilities?", "How can I apply for and renew a license for a detox or outpatient treatment program?", "What fees are required for licensing or renewing a treatment facility?", "What inspections can the Department of State Health Services conduct at a treatment facility?", "What penalties apply if a facility operates without a license or fails to report abuse?", "Are faith‑based recovery programs exempt from licensing, and what rules must they follow?", "Can a 12‑step self‑help group be required to obtain a license?", "How does a county contract with an alcoholism program or center for treatment services?", "What reporting requirements exist for suspected abuse or neglect of clients?", "What advertising disclosures are required for faith‑based treatment programs?", "Can a licensed facility be required to provide medical detox services?" ], "issue_tags": [ "chemical-dependency-licensing", "treatment-facility-regulation", "faith-based-exemptions", "county-contracts", "penalties", "reporting-abuse", "licensing-fees" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas chemical dependency treatment licensing", "substance abuse facility regulation", "rehab center licensing rules", "faith‑based recovery program exemption", "county alcoholism program contracts", "Texas health department treatment facility rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "465", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 465. LOCAL DRUG AND ALCOHOL EDUCATION PROGRAMS", "url": "/statutes/HS/465.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/465.json", "summary": "This chapter lets cities or counties set up a commission, funded with public money, to teach the community about drug and alcohol abuse, work with schools on education, evaluate how well those efforts work, and run counseling or treatment programs. The commission can be created alone or together with other governments or nonprofit groups, and it must send an annual report to all partners.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my city or county create a commission to address drug and alcohol problems?", "What activities is a local drug and alcohol commission allowed to do?", "Do schools have to be involved in the commission’s education efforts?", "Can a commission provide counseling or treatment for addicts?", "Is it possible to form the commission together with another municipality or a nonprofit organization?", "What kind of reports does the commission need to file and how often?", "What public funds can be used to support a drug and alcohol education commission?", "How does the commission evaluate the success of its programs?", "Are churches or private foundations allowed to help create the commission?", "What responsibilities does the commission have to the entities that helped create it?" ], "issue_tags": [ "local-commission", "drug-education", "alcohol-education", "community-programs", "public-health", "interagency-collaboration", "annual-reporting" ], "synonyms": [ "local drug and alcohol education program", "municipal drug/alcohol commission", "community substance abuse commission", "county drug education board", "local substance abuse education initiative" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "466", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 466. REGULATION OF NARCOTIC DRUG TREATMENT PROGRAMS", "url": "/statutes/HS/466.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/466.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for Texas narcotic drug treatment programs, requiring a state permit to operate and defining which drugs are allowed. It gives the health department authority to inspect facilities, enforce standards, and impose penalties, all to ensure safe, medically supervised treatment and protect public health.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a state permit to run a narcotic drug treatment program in Texas?", "What drugs are considered approved for use in a Texas treatment program?", "Can a physician prescribe a narcotic for addiction treatment without a program permit?", "What are the application fees and requirements for obtaining a treatment program permit?", "How does the Department of State Health Services inspect and monitor treatment facilities?", "What can cause a permit to be denied, suspended, or revoked?", "What penalties exist for operating a treatment program without a permit?", "Can the department issue emergency orders against a treatment facility, and how does that work?", "How can a permit holder appeal a denial or suspension decision?", "Are non‑physician entities allowed to run a narcotic treatment program, and what supervision is required?", "What steps does Texas take to prevent a person from enrolling in multiple treatment programs at the same time?", "What civil or criminal penalties apply if a program diverts narcotic drugs?" ], "issue_tags": [ "permit-requirements", "drug-treatment-regulation", "facility-inspections", "enforcement-penalties", "approved-narcotics", "program-application", "emergency-orders" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas narcotic treatment program regulations", "narcotic drug treatment permit rules", "state health services drug rehab licensing", "controlled substance treatment program statutes", "Texas drug dependency program oversight" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "467", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 467. PEER ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS", "url": "/statutes/HS/467.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/467.json", "summary": "This chapter creates and regulates peer assistance programs that help professionals whose ability to work is affected by substance use or mental illness. It explains how programs are approved, funded, and how they can receive and act on reports while keeping information confidential. The law also gives civil immunity to those who report or participate in good‑faith assistance efforts.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a peer assistance program and who can use it?", "Who is considered an impaired professional or student?", "How does a licensing board approve a peer assistance program?", "Can a professional association run its own peer assistance program?", "What funding sources can be used to support these programs?", "What confidentiality protections apply to reports and records?", "What must a person do if they suspect a professional is impaired?", "What actions can a licensing authority take when a professional is referred to a peer assistance program?", "Are there civil protections for people who report an impaired professional?", "Can an impaired student receive services from a peer assistance program?", "What consent is required for a professional to join a peer assistance program?", "What happens if a program fails to meet the required criteria?" ], "issue_tags": [ "peer-assistance", "impaired-professionals", "confidentiality", "reporting", "funding", "civil-immunity", "professional-licensing" ], "synonyms": [ "peer assistance program", "impaired professional assistance", "substance abuse peer support", "professional assistance program", "peer support for professionals", "program for impaired professionals" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "468", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 468. PROGRAMS AND INITIATIVES TO PREVENTTHE MANUFACTURE AND USE OF METHAMPHETAMINE", "url": "/statutes/HS/468.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/468.json", "summary": "This chapter directs the Texas Department of State Health Services to run programs that stop students from using methamphetamine and to teach school staff and parents how to spot and help kids who might be using or exposed to meth chemicals. It also requires the Texas State Chemist to give information to farmers, retailers, and others about the role of anhydrous ammonia in illegal meth labs and how to prevent its theft. The goal is to combine education and cooperation with law‑enforcement to curb both meth use and its production.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas help prevent meth use among school‑age children?", "What programs are available for students to learn about meth risks?", "Who provides education to teachers and parents about identifying meth use?", "What resources does the state offer to help kids who are exposed to meth chemicals?", "How does the Texas State Chemist educate farmers and retailers about anhydrous ammonia?", "What steps are taken to stop theft of anhydrous ammonia used in meth labs?", "Can local law‑enforcement work with community groups to prevent meth production?", "What training is offered to school personnel on helping children who might use meth?", "How are private schools included in Texas meth‑prevention efforts?", "What information is given to distributors about safe handling of chemicals linked to meth manufacturing?" ], "issue_tags": [ "meth-prevention", "school-programs", "chemical-safety", "anhydrous-ammonia", "substance-abuse-education", "texas-health-services" ], "synonyms": [ "Methamphetamine prevention initiatives", "School meth education programs", "Anhydrous ammonia theft deterrence", "Texas meth‑prevention chapter", "Student drug‑prevention efforts", "Chemical safety outreach for meth labs" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "469", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 469. VOLUNTARY ACCREDITATION OF RECOVERY HOUSING", "url": "/statutes/HS/469.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/469.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a voluntary accreditation program for recovery houses—sober living homes that support people with substance‑use disorders. It lets the Health and Human Services Commission approve two nonprofit organizations to set standards, require a trained responsible party, and control advertising, while also listing facilities that cannot be accredited and outlining enforcement and reporting. Only accredited houses can receive state funding, and violations can lead to suspension or revocation of accreditation.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a sober living home become accredited in Texas?", "What standards must a recovery house meet to get accreditation?", "Which organizations are allowed to accredit recovery houses?", "Can a nursing facility or assisted‑living home be accredited as a recovery house?", "What duties does the designated responsible party have in an accredited recovery house?", "What advertising rules apply to a recovery house that is accredited?", "What actions can the accrediting organization take if a recovery house violates the rules?", "Can a recovery house receive state money without accreditation?", "What types of facilities are prohibited from being accredited as recovery houses?", "How does the state keep track of the number of accredited recovery houses each year?", "Are there fees for applying for recovery house accreditation?", "Is it allowed for recovery house staff to accept money for referring patients?" ], "issue_tags": [ "recovery-house-accreditation", "sober-living-standards", "state-funding", "advertising-restrictions", "responsible-party", "ineligible-facilities", "enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "voluntary accreditation of recovery housing", "sober living home accreditation", "recovery residence certification", "Texas recovery house standards", "accreditation of recovery houses" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "481", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 481. TEXAS CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ACT", "url": "/statutes/HS/481.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/481.json", "summary": "The Texas Controlled Substances Act sets up a system for classifying drugs into schedules, defines who can prescribe, dispense, and handle them, and requires detailed record‑keeping. It also outlines how emergencies, research, and drug‑paraphernalia are handled, and establishes penalties for illegal manufacturing, possession, and distribution. The law gives the state health commissioner and the pharmacy board authority to enforce these rules and to seize or destroy illegal substances.", "questions_answered": [ "What drugs are considered controlled substances in Texas?", "How does Texas decide which drug goes in Schedule I, II, III, IV, or V?", "Who is allowed to prescribe or dispense a Schedule II drug?", "Can a pharmacist fill a prescription for a controlled substance without an electronic prescription?", "What are the penalties for possessing or selling a controlled substance without a prescription?", "What is considered a medical purpose for prescribing controlled substances?", "What counts as drug paraphernalia under Texas law?", "How does the emergency prescribing process work for controlled substances?", "Are there any exemptions for using marijuana or low‑THC cannabis in Texas?", "What are the record‑keeping requirements for pharmacies and manufacturers?" ], "issue_tags": [ "controlled-substances", "drug-scheduling", "prescription-regulation", "penalties", "drug-paraphernalia", "recordkeeping", "forfeiture" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Controlled Substances Act", "Chapter 481", "Controlled Substances Act", "CSA", "Texas drug law", "Texas controlled substance regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "482", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 482. SIMULATED CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES", "url": "/statutes/HS/482.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/482.json", "summary": "This chapter makes it a crime to manufacture or sell a substance that is presented as a real controlled drug when it is actually chemically different. It sets a state jail felony penalty, outlines limited defenses for police and medical professionals, and tells courts how to judge whether the product was misrepresented. It also allows seized fake drugs to be forfeited and destroyed.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I be charged for selling a fake drug that looks like a real controlled substance?", "What exactly is a simulated controlled substance?", "Is it illegal to create a placebo that looks like a controlled drug and give it to a patient?", "What defenses are available if I am a police officer or a licensed medical professional?", "What penalty does Texas impose for manufacturing or delivering a fake controlled substance?", "How do courts decide if a product was represented as a real drug?", "Can a fake drug be seized and destroyed by the state?", "Do I have to actually believe the substance is a real drug to be guilty?", "What evidence is needed to prove an offer to sell a simulated controlled substance?", "Does packaging a fake drug in typical drug containers count as misrepresentation?", "Are there preparatory offenses related to making or planning to sell a fake controlled substance?" ], "issue_tags": [ "simulated-controlled-substances", "drug-fraud", "manufacturing-offense", "drug-penalties", "evidentiary-rules", "forfeiture", "medical-exemptions" ], "synonyms": [ "fake drug law", "counterfeit controlled substance statute", "simulated narcotics regulation", "placebo misrepresentation law", "fake controlled substance offense" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "483", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 483. DANGEROUS DRUGS", "url": "/statutes/HS/483.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/483.json", "summary": "Chapter 483, known as the Texas Dangerous Drug Act, sets rules for drugs that aren’t classified as controlled substances but still require a prescription. It defines who can prescribe, dispense, and handle these drugs, outlines record‑keeping and labeling duties, and establishes criminal penalties for misuse. The chapter also adds special provisions for opioid antagonists like naloxone, allowing anyone to possess them and protecting those who administer them in an emergency.", "questions_answered": [ "What is considered a dangerous drug in Texas?", "Who is allowed to prescribe a dangerous drug?", "Can a pharmacist give a dangerous drug without a doctor’s signature?", "What records must a pharmacy keep for dangerous drugs and how long?", "What labeling information is required when a dangerous drug is dispensed?", "What are the penalties for possessing a dangerous drug without a valid prescription?", "What is a designated agent and what responsibilities do they have?", "How can a pharmacist refill a dangerous drug if the prescriber cannot be reached?", "What authority does the state health commissioner have to limit a dangerous drug’s availability?", "Can anyone possess an opioid antagonist like naloxone without a prescription?", "Who may administer an opioid antagonist during an overdose emergency?", "What are the rules for storing and distributing opioid antagonists under a standing order?" ], "issue_tags": [ "dangerous-drugs", "prescribing", "dispensing", "record-keeping", "penalties", "opioid-antagonist", "pharmacy" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Dangerous Drug Act", "Chapter 483", "Dangerous Drugs Chapter", "TX dangerous drug regulations", "Texas dangerous drug law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "484", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 484. ABUSABLE SYNTHETIC SUBSTANCES", "url": "/statutes/HS/484.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/484.json", "summary": "This chapter defines what counts as an abusable synthetic substance and makes it illegal to produce, sell, or advertise such substances when they are mislabeled. It sets criminal penalties ranging from a Class C to a Class A misdemeanor and allows civil penalties up to $25,000 for each day the offense occurs. The only criminal or civil defense is FDA or other agency approval, and labeling a product as “not for human consumption” does not protect a seller.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sell a synthetic drug if I label it \"not for human consumption\"?", "What penalties could I face for selling a mislabeled synthetic drug?", "What exactly is an abusable synthetic substance under Texas law?", "Is it a crime to advertise a synthetic drug that mimics a controlled substance?", "Can a business be fined for each day it sells a mislabeled synthetic substance?", "What defenses are available if I’m charged with selling a synthetic drug?", "Does FDA approval protect me from liability for selling a synthetic substance?", "What is the difference between a Class A and Class C misdemeanor for this offense?", "Can local governments collect civil penalties for these offenses?", "What factors does a court consider when setting a civil penalty?" ], "issue_tags": [ "abusable-synthetic-substances", "mislabeled-drugs", "civil-penalties", "criminal-misdemeanor", "FDA-approval", "business-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "synthetic drug law", "designer drug regulations", "abusable synthetic substance statutes", "mislabeling of synthetic substances", "Texas synthetic drug offenses" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "485", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 485. ABUSABLE VOLATILE CHEMICALS", "url": "/statutes/HS/485.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/485.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for chemicals that can be inhaled to get high, like aerosol paint and nitrous oxide. It requires retailers to have a special permit, post bilingual warning signs, and keep the products out of reach of minors. It also defines illegal activities such as selling to under‑18s, using inhalant paraphernalia, and outlines civil and criminal penalties, plus an administrative process for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a special permit to sell aerosol paint or other inhalant chemicals?", "What qualifies as an abusable volatile chemical under Texas law?", "Can I sell an inhalant product to someone who is 17 years old?", "What signage must my store display if I sell these chemicals?", "What are the penalties if I sell an inhalant without a permit?", "How must aerosol paint be stored or displayed in a retail setting?", "What are the consequences for possessing or using inhalant paraphernalia?", "What defenses are available if I called emergency services during an overdose?", "How does the state enforce violations and collect fines?", "Can I avoid penalties by showing a customer’s ID that looks like they are over 18?", "What is the process for contesting an administrative penalty?", "What happens to seized chemicals or paraphernalia?" ], "issue_tags": [ "inhalant-abuse", "volatile-chemical-permits", "minor-sales-restriction", "signage-requirements", "penalties", "administrative-hearings", "inhalant-paraphernalia" ], "synonyms": [ "abusable volatile chemicals law", "inhalant abuse regulations", "aerosol paint restrictions", "volatile chemical sales permit rules", "Texas inhalant statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "486", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 486. OVER-THE-COUNTER SALES OF EPHEDRINE, PSEUDOEPHEDRINE, AND NORPSEUDOEPHEDRINE", "url": "/statutes/HS/486.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/486.json", "summary": "This chapter sets statewide rules for selling over‑the‑counter products that contain ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, or norpseudoephedrine. It tells businesses how to store the products, what ID and record‑keeping steps are required, limits how much a person can buy, and requires electronic reporting. It also outlines fees, exemptions, privacy protections, and the penalties for breaking the rules.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I buy pseudoephedrine without a prescription in Texas?", "What kind of ID do I need to purchase ephedrine‑containing products over the counter?", "How much ephedrine or pseudoephedrine am I allowed to buy in one day or in a month?", "Do grocery stores or pharmacies have different rules for selling these products?", "What records must a store keep when it sells ephedrine‑containing items?", "What is the real‑time electronic logging system and why does my purchase need to be reported to it?", "Can a business get a temporary exemption from the electronic logging requirement?", "What are the possible fines or penalties if a store violates the ephedrine sales rules?", "How long does a business have to keep sales records for ephedrine products?", "Are there privacy protections for the information entered into the electronic logging system?" ], "issue_tags": [ "over-the-counter-sales", "ephedrine-regulation", "purchase-limits", "record-keeping", "electronic-logging", "penalties", "pharmacy-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "OTC ephedrine rules", "pseudoephedrine sales regulations", "Texas ephedrine control act", "controlled substance OTC rules", "ephedrine purchase limits" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "487", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 487. TEXAS COMPASSIONATE-USE ACT", "url": "/statutes/HS/487.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/487.json", "summary": "The Texas Compassionate-Use Act sets up a state‑run system for patients who are prescribed low‑THC cannabis. It creates a licensing process for organizations that grow, process, and dispense the product, requires background checks and registration of key staff, and maintains a confidential online registry of prescriptions and dispensations. The law also limits local bans, governs satellite storage sites, and outlines rules for research and reporting.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I apply for a license to operate a low‑THC cannabis dispensing organization in Texas?", "What qualifications and resources must a dispensing organization have to be eligible for a license?", "What are the background‑check and registration requirements for owners, managers, and employees of a dispensing organization?", "How does the state’s compassionate‑use registry work and who can access it?", "Can a city or county prohibit the cultivation or dispensing of low‑THC cannabis under this law?", "What are the rules for setting up satellite locations to store low‑THC cannabis?", "What happens if a licensed dispensing organization stops dispensing or fails to meet eligibility requirements?", "How many dispensing organization licenses will the state issue and how are they awarded?", "What types of low‑THC cannabis products are allowed to be dispensed?", "What are the reporting and consent requirements for research programs using low‑THC cannabis?" ], "issue_tags": [ "compassionate-use", "low-thc-cannabis", "licensing", "registry", "background-checks", "research" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Compassionate‑Use Act", "Chapter 487", "Compassionate‑use program", "Low‑THC cannabis licensing law", "Medical cannabis act" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "488", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 488. OVER-THE-COUNTER SALES OF DEXTROMETHORPHAN", "url": "/statutes/HS/488.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/488.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for selling dextromethorphan, a common cough suppressant, over the counter in Texas. It prohibits sales to anyone under 18, requires a photo ID showing the buyer is 18 or older unless the buyer looks at least 27, and outlines civil penalties for businesses that break the rules. The law does not apply to prescription sales, does not force stores to keep special records or store the product in a particular way, and stops local governments from creating their own regulations on the drug.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a store sell dextromethorphan to someone who is 17 years old?", "Do I need to show a photo ID to buy cough medicine with dextromethorphan?", "What kind of ID is acceptable for buying dextromethorphan over the counter?", "What happens if a store sells dextromethorphan to a minor?", "Are there any civil fines for a business that sells dextromethorphan without checking ID?", "Does this law require stores to keep records of dextromethorphan sales?", "Can a city or county in Texas make its own rules about selling dextromethorphan?", "Are prescription sales of dextromethorphan exempt from these rules?", "What is the penalty for a second violation of the dextromethorphan sale rules?", "Is a driver’s license from another state acceptable as proof of age for buying dextromethorphan?", "Do stores have to store dextromethorphan in a locked cabinet?", "Can a retailer rely on a good‑faith effort to avoid liability if they think they followed the law?" ], "issue_tags": [ "over-the-counter-sales", "dextromethorphan", "minors", "identification-requirements", "civil-penalties", "local-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "OTC dextromethorphan rules", "cough suppressant sales law", "Texas dextromethorphan statute", "chapter 488", "dextromethorphan sale regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "489", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 489. ACCESS TO INVESTIGATIONAL TREATMENTS FOR PATIENTS WITH TERMINAL ILLNESSES", "url": "/statutes/HS/489.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/489.json", "summary": "This chapter allows Texas patients who have a terminal illness to obtain experimental drugs, biologics, or devices that are still in clinical trials, provided their doctor determines that approved treatments are unavailable or unlikely to help. The patient must sign a written informed consent, and manufacturers may supply the product for free but are not obligated to do so. The law also shields physicians and state officials from disciplinary action for facilitating access, and it does not create liability suits against manufacturers.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a terminally ill patient in Texas receive an experimental drug or device?", "What definition does Texas use for a terminal illness?", "What steps must a doctor take to recommend an investigational treatment?", "Is a written consent required before receiving an experimental therapy?", "Can a parent or legal guardian consent for a minor patient?", "Are manufacturers required to provide investigational drugs to eligible patients?", "Will my health insurance cover an experimental treatment under this law?", "Can a physician lose their medical license for recommending an investigational product?", "Can a state official block a patient’s access to an experimental drug?", "What legal recourse does a patient have if an investigational product causes harm?" ], "issue_tags": [ "terminal-illness", "investigational-drugs", "informed-consent", "physician-protection", "manufacturer-obligation", "health-care-access" ], "synonyms": [ "compassionate use program", "expanded access", "experimental treatment access", "terminal illness investigational drug law", "Texas investigational drug access statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "490", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 490. ACCESS TO INVESTIGATIONAL TREATMENTS FOR PATIENTS WITH SEVERE CHRONIC DISEASES", "url": "/statutes/HS/490.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/490.json", "summary": "This Texas law lets patients who have a severe chronic disease that can be treated but not cured get access to investigational drugs, biologics, or devices that haven’t been fully approved yet. A doctor must confirm the condition, show that approved treatments won’t help, and provide a written recommendation, and the patient must sign an informed‑consent form. Manufacturers may choose to supply the product for free but are not required to, and the law protects doctors and state employees from disciplinary action for recommending such treatments. The state cannot block access unless the product is deemed adulterated or misbranded.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I receive an experimental drug for my chronic illness in Texas?", "What conditions count as a severe chronic disease under this law?", "Do I need my doctor’s written recommendation to get an investigational treatment?", "What consent forms do I have to sign before receiving an experimental drug?", "Can a manufacturer refuse to provide an investigational drug to me?", "Will my health insurance cover an investigational treatment?", "Can the state stop me from accessing an experimental drug?", "Can a doctor lose their license for recommending an investigational therapy?", "Do minors need a parent’s consent to use an investigational drug?", "What legal recourse do I have if I’m harmed by an investigational product?" ], "issue_tags": [ "severe-chronic-disease", "investigational-drugs", "patient-access", "informed-consent", "physician-protection", "state-interference" ], "synonyms": [ "experimental treatment access", "investigational therapy program", "compassionate use for chronic disease", "Texas investigational drug law", "access to unapproved medical products" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "491", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 491. IBOGAINE TREATMENT", "url": "/statutes/HS/491.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/491.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a state‑run program for developing ibogaine as a medication. It requires a partnership of a drug developer, a university, and a hospital to form a consortium, submit a detailed proposal, and receive state funding and oversight. The law also outlines how revenue from any resulting patents or products is shared with the state and mandates medical supervision once ibogaine is FDA‑approved.", "questions_answered": [ "How can a university, hospital, and drug company form a consortium to study ibogaine in Texas?", "What does a Texas consortium need to include in its proposal to get state funding for ibogaine trials?", "Which agency selects the consortium and signs the contract for ibogaine research?", "What are the reporting and financial disclosure requirements for an ibogaine clinical‑trial consortium?", "How is revenue from ibogaine‑related patents or inventions divided between the state and the consortium members?", "What role does the Texas Comptroller play in handling money from ibogaine research?", "When can a physician administer ibogaine in a Texas hospital, and what supervision is required?", "What types of facilities are allowed to serve as ibogaine trial sites?", "Can the state accept private donations or grants for ibogaine research?", "What steps must be taken to seek FDA breakthrough therapy designation for ibogaine?", "How does the law ensure access to ibogaine treatment for uninsured patients after FDA approval?", "What percentage of ibogaine‑related revenue can be used for veteran programs?" ], "issue_tags": [ "ibogaine-treatment", "drug-development", "state-funding", "clinical-trials", "revenue-sharing", "medical-supervision" ], "synonyms": [ "ibogaine research program", "ibogaine clinical trial consortium", "Texas ibogaine initiative", "ibogaine drug development statute", "ibogaine treatment administration law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "491.v2", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 491. PATIENT ACCESS TO INVESTIGATIONAL SUN PROTECTION PRODUCTS", "url": "/statutes/HS/491.v2.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/491.v2.json", "summary": "This chapter allows Texas patients to obtain and use sunscreen products that are still in clinical trials, as long as their doctor determines the experimental product is more effective than approved sunscreens and writes a prescription. It requires a written informed consent, lets manufacturers decide whether to provide the product for free or charge the patient’s costs, and protects doctors and patients from state interference or lawsuits related to the use of these products.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I get a sunscreen that is still being tested in clinical trials?", "What must my doctor do to prescribe an investigational sun protection product?", "Do I need to sign a consent form before using an experimental sunscreen?", "Can a manufacturer refuse to provide the investigational sunscreen to me?", "Will I have to pay for the experimental sunscreen, or can it be provided for free?", "Does my health insurance cover an investigational sun protection product?", "Can the state block my access to a trial sunscreen?", "Can a doctor lose their medical license for prescribing an investigational sunscreen?", "What if I’m a minor—who can give consent for me to use the product?", "What exactly counts as an investigational sun protection product?", "If the product harms me, can I sue the manufacturer or anyone involved?", "Are there any rules about how the product is provided to eligible patients?" ], "issue_tags": [ "patient-access", "investigational-sunscreen", "informed-consent", "physician-prescription", "manufacturer-obligation", "legal-protection" ], "synonyms": [ "experimental sunscreen access", "investigational sun protection product program", "access to trial sunscreen", "off-label sunscreen use", "clinical trial sunscreen provision" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "491.v3", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 491. ACCESS TO INDIVIDUALIZED INVESTIGATIONAL TREATMENTS FOR PATIENTS WITH LIFE-THREATENING OR SEVERELY DEBILITATING ILLNESSES", "url": "/statutes/HS/491.v3.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/491.v3.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a framework for Texas patients with life‑threatening or severely disabling illnesses to obtain personalized investigational drugs, biologics, or devices made specifically for them. It sets eligibility rules for patients, physicians, and health‑care facilities, requires detailed written consent, and clarifies that costs are the patient’s responsibility while protecting families and providers from liability.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I receive a custom gene therapy if I have a terminal illness?", "What qualifies a patient to get an individualized investigational treatment in Texas?", "Do I need my doctor’s written recommendation to access a personalized experimental drug?", "What information must be included in the consent form for a custom treatment?", "Will my health insurance or Medicaid pay for a personalized investigational therapy?", "Can a hospital refuse to provide a custom investigational treatment?", "Am I or my estate responsible for the cost if I die while receiving the treatment?", "Can a state official block my access to a personalized experimental therapy?", "Will my doctor lose their license for recommending a custom investigational treatment?", "Do my heirs have to pay any remaining bills if I die during the treatment?" ], "issue_tags": [ "personalized-medicine", "investigational-treatment", "patient-consent", "cost-liability", "provider-protection", "eligibility-criteria" ], "synonyms": [ "individualized investigational treatment access", "customized gene therapy law", "personalized treatment statute", "Texas compassionate use for personalized therapies", "life‑threatening illness investigational drug rule" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "501", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 501. HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES", "url": "/statutes/HS/501.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/501.json", "summary": "Chapter 501 of the Texas Health and Safety Code defines what a hazardous substance is, sets rules for labeling, packaging, and registration, and outlines how the state can ban, seize, or recall dangerous products. It also describes the inspection powers of the health department and the penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "What types of chemicals or products are considered hazardous in Texas?", "Do I need to label a product that contains a toxic or flammable ingredient?", "What labeling information is required on a hazardous substance container?", "Are there special packaging rules for hazardous chemicals?", "Do I have to register with the state if I manufacture or import a hazardous substance?", "What makes a toy or children's article a banned hazardous substance?", "Can the state seize or recall a product that is mislabeled or unsafe?", "What penalties can be imposed for selling a misbranded hazardous substance?", "How does the state enforce compliance with hazardous substance rules?", "Are there exemptions for items like diapers, fireworks, or household fuel?", "What steps must a company take if it receives a notice of a violation?", "How can a business appeal a penalty or enforcement action?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hazardous-substances", "labeling-requirements", "registration", "banned-products", "enforcement", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Hazardous Substances Act", "Chapter 501", "Hazardous Substance Regulations", "TX hazardous material rules", "State hazardous substance code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "502", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 502. HAZARD COMMUNICATION ACT", "url": "/statutes/HS/502.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/502.json", "summary": "This chapter requires Texas employers to tell workers about any hazardous chemicals they might encounter on the job. It mandates keeping a list of those chemicals, providing up‑to‑date safety data sheets and proper labeling, and giving employees training on how to handle them safely. The department can investigate complaints, and penalties may be assessed for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "What must my employer tell me about chemicals I work with?", "Do I have a right to see a list of hazardous chemicals in my workplace?", "What is a Safety Data Sheet and when should I get one?", "How should chemical containers be labeled at my job?", "What training do I need to receive about hazardous chemicals?", "Can I request a copy of a chemical’s safety sheet without trade secret info?", "What should I do if I think my employer isn’t following the hazard communication rules?", "Are there penalties if an employer fails to provide chemical information?", "Do these rules apply to temporary work sites or only permanent workplaces?", "Are pesticides, food, or consumer products covered by this law?", "What protections do prison workers have regarding chemical exposure?", "Can an employer fire or discipline me for filing a complaint about chemical hazards?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hazard-communication", "workplace-chemicals", "safety-data-sheets", "employee-rights", "employer-obligations", "chemical-labeling", "training-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "Hazard Communication Act", "Texas Hazard Communication", "chemical safety disclosure law", "workplace chemical information requirements", "Texas OSHA hazard communication" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "503", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 503. HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND HARMFUL PHYSICAL AGENTS", "url": "/statutes/HS/503.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/503.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a state committee that brings together several agencies to share information and coordinate actions about toxic chemicals and other harmful physical agents. It defines what those substances are, sets rules for how the committee meets, and gives the health department authority to collect data and support risk assessments, especially during emergencies. The goal is to improve public health protection and education about these hazards.", "questions_answered": [ "Which state agencies work together on toxic chemical and hazardous agent issues?", "What is the Toxic Substances Coordinating Committee and what does it do?", "How often does the committee have to meet and how is the public notified?", "What is considered a harmful physical agent under Texas law?", "What is a health risk assessment and why is it important?", "Who is responsible for coordinating health risk assessments after a chemical spill?", "Can the Texas Department of State Health Services collect information on hazardous substances?", "What kind of public education does the committee provide about toxic substances?", "Do agencies have to follow federal standards when assessing health risks?", "What powers does the health department have to work with other organizations on this issue?" ], "issue_tags": [ "toxic-substances", "health-risk-assessment", "harmful-physical-agents", "interagency-coordination", "public-health", "emergency-response" ], "synonyms": [ "Toxic Substances Coordinating Committee", "Texas health risk assessment program", "Hazardous substances oversight", "Harmful physical agents regulation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "505", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 505. MANUFACTURING FACILITY COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT", "url": "/statutes/HS/505.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/505.json", "summary": "This chapter requires manufacturing facilities in certain industries to keep and file a detailed list of hazardous chemicals they store, known as a tier‑two form. The information must be shared with the state commission, fire departments, emergency planning groups, and the public, and the law sets filing deadlines, fees, and enforcement mechanisms. Certain chemicals and situations are exempt, and trade‑secret claims must be handled according to federal rules.", "questions_answered": [ "What hazardous chemicals does a manufacturing plant have to report to the state?", "When must a facility file its tier‑two chemical report and how often?", "How can a member of the public request a copy of a facility’s chemical list?", "Are chemicals in sealed packages that are quickly sold still required to be reported?", "What are the quantity thresholds that trigger reporting requirements?", "What fees does the state charge for filing the chemical reports?", "Which types of chemicals or products are exempt from the reporting requirements?", "How does a facility handle a claim that a chemical’s identity is a trade secret?", "What information must be provided to fire chiefs for emergency planning?", "What penalties can be imposed for failing to comply with the reporting rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hazardous-chemicals", "community-right-to-know", "chemical-reporting", "emergency-planning", "facility-operators", "trade-secrets", "reporting-fees" ], "synonyms": [ "Manufacturing Facility Community Right‑to‑Know Act", "Texas EPCRA implementation", "Hazardous Chemical Reporting Act", "Tier‑Two Form requirements", "Texas chemical disclosure law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "506", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 506. PUBLIC EMPLOYER COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT", "url": "/statutes/HS/506.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/506.json", "summary": "This chapter requires Texas public employers—such as state agencies, schools, utilities, and volunteer emergency services—to keep and report a list of hazardous chemicals they store or use. They must file a tier‑two form with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, share the information with fire chiefs and emergency planning committees, and make it available to the public upon request. The law sets reporting thresholds, filing deadlines, and allows the commission to enforce compliance and collect modest fees.", "questions_answered": [ "What hazardous chemicals does my public agency need to report?", "How often must a public employer file a chemical report?", "When is the deadline for submitting a tier‑two form after a new chemical is added?", "Can members of the public request a copy of a facility’s chemical list?", "Do sealed chemicals that are sold within five days count toward reporting requirements?", "What fees are charged for filing the chemical reports?", "Which agencies or officials can inspect a public employer’s chemical records?", "What exemptions apply to certain chemicals, like food additives or consumer products?", "How do fire departments and emergency planning committees receive chemical information?", "What penalties exist for failing to comply with the reporting rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hazardous-chemicals", "community-right-to-know", "public-employer", "chemical-reporting", "emergency-planning", "compliance" ], "synonyms": [ "Public Employer Community Right‑to‑Know Act", "Texas EPCRA for public employers", "Hazardous Chemical Reporting for state agencies", "Community Right‑to‑Know law", "Texas chemical disclosure statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "507", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 507. NONMANUFACTURING FACILITIES COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT", "url": "/statutes/HS/507.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/507.json", "summary": "This chapter requires non‑manufacturing facilities in Texas that store or use hazardous chemicals to compile and submit a detailed chemical inventory (the tier‑two form) to the state commission. The information must be shared with fire departments and local emergency planning committees, and the public can access it, while certain chemicals and situations are exempt. The law also sets filing deadlines, fees, record‑keeping rules, and enforcement mechanisms.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to report hazardous chemicals at my warehouse or office?", "When is the deadline to file the tier‑two chemical report?", "What types of chemicals are exempt from reporting under this chapter?", "How do I report ammonium nitrate if I store it for fertilizer use?", "What information must I provide to the fire chief or emergency planning committee?", "Can I claim a trade secret for a chemical on the report?", "How much does the state charge for filing the chemical inventory?", "How long must I keep the chemical reports and related documents?", "Who is allowed to inspect my facility for compliance?", "What penalties could I face if I don’t follow the reporting rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hazardous-chemicals", "right-to-know", "emergency-planning", "chemical-reporting", "trade-secrets", "fees", "inspections" ], "synonyms": [ "Nonmanufacturing Facilities Community Right‑to‑Know Act", "Texas EPCRA for non‑manufacturing facilities", "Hazardous Chemical Reporting Act", "Tier‑Two Reporting Requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "508", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 508. AREA QUARANTINE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL OR TOXIC AGENT", "url": "/statutes/HS/508.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/508.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas health officials declare an area quarantine when a harmful bacterium, chemical, radioactive material, or other dangerous substance is released into the environment, including in a terrorist act. The quarantine must be the least restrictive measure needed to protect public health and ends after 24 hours or when higher authorities lift it. Anyone who knowingly disobeys a quarantine order can be charged with a third‑degree felony.", "questions_answered": [ "What is an area quarantine for a toxic or environmental hazard?", "Who has the authority to order a quarantine when a dangerous substance is released?", "What kinds of agents are covered by this law?", "How long can a quarantine last under this chapter?", "What happens if I ignore a quarantine order issued by a health authority?", "Does this law apply to acts of terrorism involving hazardous substances?", "What is the role of the commissioner of state health services in a quarantine?", "What penalties can someone face for refusing to follow a quarantine order?", "How is a quarantine terminated or superseded by other authorities?", "What does the law mean by ‘environmental or toxic agent’?", "Can a health authority impose a quarantine without the commissioner’s approval?", "What factors are considered when deciding how restrictive a quarantine should be?" ], "issue_tags": [ "area-quarantine", "toxic-agent", "health-authority", "public-health-emergency", "criminal-penalty", "environmental-hazards" ], "synonyms": [ "environmental or toxic agent quarantine", "hazardous substance quarantine", "area quarantine for chemical or biological threats", "public health quarantine for toxins", "state health services quarantine authority" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "531", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 531. PROVISIONS GENERALLY APPLICABLE TO MENTAL HEALTH AND INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/HS/531.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/531.json", "summary": "Chapter 531 sets out Texas's plan for delivering mental health and intellectual disability services. It creates a coordinated system that includes state-run facilities, community programs, and local agencies, with a focus on serving the most needy people in their own communities. The chapter also defines the roles of state departments, the executive commissioner, and local authorities, and establishes standards for priority populations and special mental health officers.", "questions_answered": [ "What kinds of mental health and intellectual disability services does Texas provide?", "Who is in charge of mental health services in Texas?", "Who oversees intellectual disability services in Texas?", "What is a state-supported living center and who runs it?", "What does \"priority population\" mean for mental health and disability services?", "Can people with mental illness receive treatment in their own community?", "What are the responsibilities of local agencies in providing these services?", "What is a local mental health authority or local intellectual disability authority?", "How does Texas ensure a continuum of care for mental health and intellectual disability?", "What is the role of a special mental health officer in each county?", "What definitions does Texas use for terms like \"mental health services\" and \"intellectual disability services\"?", "How does the state coordinate funding and planning for these services?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mental-health-services", "intellectual-disability", "state-authority", "local-agency", "continuum-of-care", "priority-population", "definitions" ], "synonyms": [ "Chapter 531 of the Health and Safety Code", "Texas mental health and intellectual disability statute", "state mental health and ID policy", "mental health and intellectual disability services provisions", "state-supported living center regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "532", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 532. GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO DEPARTMENT OF STATE HEALTH SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/HS/532.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/532.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up how Texas runs its state mental health system. It lists the hospitals and centers that belong to the Department of State Health Services, explains how the commissioner appoints leaders like the medical director, facility heads, and a forensic director, and allows the creation of advisory committees to help manage mental health programs.", "questions_answered": [ "Who appoints the medical director for Texas state mental health facilities?", "What qualifications are required to become the medical director?", "Which hospitals and centers are part of the Department of State Health Services?", "How are the heads of state mental health facilities chosen and removed?", "Can advisory committee members be reimbursed for travel expenses?", "What is a forensic patient under Texas law?", "What does the forensic director do and who appoints them?", "How does Texas coordinate competency examinations and restoration services for criminal defendants?", "What role does the commissioner play in overseeing mental health services?", "How are advisory committees formed to assist the department’s mental health programs?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mental-health-administration", "forensic-mental-health", "state-hospital-governance", "medical-director-appointment", "advisory-committees", "texas-health-code" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Department of State Health Services mental health provisions", "state mental health facility governance", "forensic mental health oversight", "general provisions for Texas mental health services", "departmental mental health administration" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "532A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 532A. GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO DEPARTMENT OF AGING AND DISABILITY SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/HS/532A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/532A.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up the Texas Department of Aging and Disability Services, listing the state-supported living centers it runs and defining the roles of its leadership. It explains how the commissioner appoints a medical director, the heads of each living center, and any advisory committees, and outlines basic qualifications and duties for those positions.", "questions_answered": [ "Who appoints the medical director for the Department of Aging and Disability Services?", "What qualifications must a medical director have?", "Which facilities are included in the Department of Aging and Disability Services?", "How are the heads of state supported living centers selected and removed?", "What is the role of the commissioner in this department?", "Can advisory committee members be reimbursed for travel expenses?", "What responsibilities does the medical director have regarding clinical services?", "What types of services does the department provide for people with intellectual disabilities?", "How many state supported living centers does the department operate?", "Who can the executive commissioner appoint to assist with intellectual disability programs?" ], "issue_tags": [ "aging-disability-services", "intellectual-disability", "state-supported-living-centers", "medical-director", "advisory-committees" ], "synonyms": [ "Department of Aging and Disability Services", "Texas Aging and Disability Dept", "Aging and Disability Services", "Intellectual Disability Programs", "State Supported Living Centers" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "533", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 533. POWERS AND DUTIES OF DEPARTMENT OF STATE HEALTH SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/HS/533.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/533.json", "summary": "Chapter 533 gives the Texas Department of State Health Services broad authority to manage mental health services, including accepting gifts and grants, setting up volunteer programs, handling liens on patient property, and overseeing employment and procurement. It also directs how local mental health authorities are designated, how they plan services, and how the department plans long‑range facilities, bed allocations, and community programs. The chapter covers rules for sharing patient records, operating sheltered workshops, and coordinating with other agencies and the criminal justice system.", "questions_answered": [ "How does the state department accept and use gifts or grants for mental health services?", "Can the department place a lien on a patient's property if mental health treatment isn’t paid?", "What rules apply to using a person's criminal history when hiring for mental health positions?", "How are local mental health authorities created and what responsibilities do they have?", "When can a local mental health authority act as a provider of last resort for services?", "What is the department’s process for long‑range planning and allocating beds in state hospitals?", "How does the department handle procurement and contracting for mental health goods and services?", "What programs exist for employing people with mental illness or intellectual disabilities?", "How are volunteer mental health programs funded and organized in local agencies?", "What are the rules for operating and funding sheltered workshops for mental health patients?", "How does the department share patient records without patient consent?", "What coordination is required between the department and other state agencies for mental health services?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mental-health-services", "department-powers", "local-authorities", "funding-grants", "facility-management", "procurement", "employment", "liens" ], "synonyms": [ "DSHS mental health authority", "Texas mental health department powers", "Chapter 533 mental health duties", "State health services mental health provisions", "Texas mental health services chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "533A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 533A. POWERS AND DUTIES OF DEPARTMENT OF AGING AND DISABILITY SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/HS/533A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/533A.json", "summary": "This chapter gives the Texas Department of Aging and Disability Services the authority to run and oversee programs for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, including setting up facilities, managing funding, hiring staff, and coordinating with other agencies. It also sets rules for liens, procurement, housing, employment, and cooperation with health, criminal justice, and other state entities.", "questions_answered": [ "How does the state department manage and fund intellectual disability services?", "What are the rules for the department to place a lien on a person's property for unpaid services?", "Can local authorities receive state money to run intellectual disability programs?", "What employment opportunities are available for people with mental illness or intellectual disabilities?", "How does the department handle volunteer programs for intellectual disability services?", "What housing options does the department provide for individuals with disabilities?", "How does the department coordinate with other state agencies and the criminal justice system?", "What are the procurement and purchasing rules for agencies that buy goods for disability services?", "How are unannounced inspections of department facilities conducted?", "What is the process for returning a nonresident person with an intellectual disability to their home state?" ], "issue_tags": [ "intellectual-disability-services", "department-powers", "procurement-rules", "housing-options", "liens", "interagency-cooperation", "employment-opportunities" ], "synonyms": [ "Department of Aging and Disability Services authority", "Aging and Disability Services duties", "Texas IDD services statutes", "Chapter 533A Texas", "Intellectual disability program regulations", "IDD services chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "534", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 534. COMMUNITY SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/HS/534.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/534.json", "summary": "Chapter 534 sets up and governs community centers that provide mental health and intellectual disability services. It tells local governments how to create these centers, how boards are formed, what services must be offered, how contracts, fees, and audits work, and includes rules for health maintenance organizations that may be created by the centers. The chapter also outlines oversight, conflict‑of‑interest rules, and procedures for managing or replacing center leadership.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a county or city start a community mental health or intellectual disability center?", "Who can serve on the board of trustees for a community center and how are they appointed?", "What conflict‑of‑interest rules apply to board members and staff of a community center?", "What services must a community mental health center provide to the public?", "Can a community center charge fees for services and what limits apply?", "How are contracts awarded for community‑based mental health or intellectual disability services?", "What audit and review requirements must local mental health authorities follow?", "What happens if a former officer or employee of a community center tries to represent a client?", "How does a community center handle property purchases, sales, or construction projects?", "What are the rules for creating a nonprofit health maintenance organization under this chapter?", "How are start‑up funds for new residential services allocated and repaid?", "What procedures exist for notifying consumers when services are denied or reduced?" ], "issue_tags": [ "community-centers", "mental-health-services", "intellectual-disability", "board-governance", "contracts", "audits", "fees", "health-maintenance-organizations" ], "synonyms": [ "Chapter 534", "Community Services Chapter", "Texas community center statutes", "Community mental health and intellectual disability law", "Community‑based services provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "551", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 551. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/HS/551.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/551.json", "summary": "Chapter 551 sets the basic rules for Texas state facilities that serve people with mental illness or intellectual disabilities. It defines key terms, bans conflicts of interest, governs how patient money is handled, outlines standards for building safety and staffing, and describes the duties of superintendents and directors, including medical care, outpatient clinics, occupational therapy, and special programs like crisis stabilization units.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a superintendent or director of a state mental health facility sell or have an interest in contracts with the facility?", "Who is responsible for keeping and investing money that patients or clients deposit at a state facility?", "What can the facility do with interest earned on patient funds?", "What approvals are needed before disbursing patient or client money from a facility?", "What staffing and safety standards must state mental health and intellectual disability facilities meet?", "How are new buildings and improvements for these facilities planned, funded, and overseen?", "Can a state facility contract with other agencies for laundry services?", "What is the Hill Country crisis stabilization unit and who operates it?", "What must a superintendent do if a patient leaves the facility without permission?", "How is medical or dental treatment provided when a patient cannot give consent?", "What are the rules for occupational therapy programs and selling the products made by patients?", "What duties does a director of a state supported living center have regarding resident safety and finances?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mental-health-facilities", "patient-funds", "facility-standards", "superintendent-duties", "conflict-of-interest", "occupational-therapy", "crisis-stabilization-unit" ], "synonyms": [ "General provisions for state mental health and intellectual disability facilities", "Texas state facility regulations", "State mental health facility rules", "Department of State Health Services facility guidelines", "State supported living center statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "552", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 552. STATE HOSPITALS", "url": "/statutes/HS/552.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/552.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for Texas state mental health hospitals, covering how patients are classified, how the state pays for their care, and what visitation rights patients have. It also governs employee training, reporting, safety protocols, and allows hospitals to prohibit handguns on their property.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a person with a handgun license bring a gun into a Texas state hospital?", "How does Texas decide if a mental health patient is indigent or non‑indigent?", "Who pays for the care of a patient who cannot afford a state hospital?", "Can a parent be required to use child‑support payments to cover their child's treatment at a state hospital?", "What fees can a state hospital charge for a patient’s treatment?", "What training must state hospital employees receive before working without direct supervision?", "How does the state enforce payment from a patient’s guardian or other responsible person?", "What rights does a patient have to have a family member or other essential caregiver visit in person?", "When can a hospital stop an essential caregiver from visiting, and how can that decision be appealed?", "Can a hospital suspend in‑person visits because of a community health risk, and for how long?" ], "issue_tags": [ "state-hospitals", "patient-support", "handgun-prohibition", "employee-training", "essential-caregiver-visits", "fees-and-reimbursements", "investigations" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas state mental health hospitals", "state hospital statutes", "state hospital regulations", "mental health facility law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "553", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 553. SAN ANTONIO STATE SUPPORTED LIVING CENTER", "url": "/statutes/HS/553.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/553.json", "summary": "The San Antonio State Supported Living Center provides education, care, and treatment for people with intellectual disabilities. It operates under the Department of Aging and Disability Services, which can partner with the Department of State Health Services to use extra space in a public health hospital. The center is a state‑run facility designed to support residents' needs.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the San Antonio State Supported Living Center?", "Who is eligible to receive services at this center?", "What types of care and education does the center offer?", "Which state agencies manage and oversee the center?", "Can the center use space in a public health hospital?", "How do the Department of Aging and Disability Services and the Department of State Health Services work together on this facility?", "What does \"excess facilities\" mean in this context?", "Is the center part of Texas's mental health and intellectual disability system?", "How can families apply for placement at the center?", "When was the San Antonio State Supported Living Center established or amended?" ], "issue_tags": [ "intellectual-disability", "supported-living", "state-facilities", "agency-agreements", "public-hospital-use" ], "synonyms": [ "San Antonio State Supported Living Center", "Texas supported living center for intellectual disability", "state-supported living facility", "SASLC", "supported living center for persons with intellectual disability", "state facility for intellectual disability care" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "554", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 554. STATE CENTERS AND HOMES", "url": "/statutes/HS/554.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/554.json", "summary": "This chapter tells the Department of State Health Services which state facilities can be used as residential treatment homes for emotionally disturbed juveniles. It sets rules for who can be admitted, including limits on juveniles who have committed delinquent acts, and requires the department to provide free education services to anyone living in those facilities, funded by state appropriations.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an emotionally disturbed juvenile be placed in a state residential treatment facility?", "Which state facilities are designated for residential treatment of emotionally disturbed youths?", "What are the admission rules for juveniles who have committed delinquent conduct?", "Can a juvenile under a conservatorship be admitted to a state treatment center?", "Does the state have to pay for a resident's school education while they live in a state home?", "Who decides which facilities are used for juvenile mental health treatment?", "Can a school district that is not local to the facility provide education services to the resident?", "Are education services for residents of state centers provided at no charge?", "What agency is responsible for providing education services to juveniles in state homes?", "What restrictions apply to admission to the Waco Center for Youth?" ], "issue_tags": [ "juvenile-mental-health", "state-residential-treatment", "education-services", "admission-restrictions", "department-of-state-health-services" ], "synonyms": [ "State Centers and Homes", "State residential treatment facilities for juveniles", "State mental health homes", "State juvenile treatment centers", "State facilities for emotionally disturbed youth" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "555", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 555. STATE SUPPORTED LIVING CENTERS", "url": "/statutes/HS/555.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/555.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for Texas state‑supported living centers that care for people with intellectual disabilities. It covers how alleged offender residents are placed, staff background checks and training, drug testing, video surveillance, water safety, and the oversight role of an independent ombudsman. It also establishes procedures for electronic monitoring of resident rooms and guarantees residents the right to have essential caregivers visit in person.", "questions_answered": [ "What are state supported living centers and who can live there?", "How are residents who are alleged offenders handled and placed in forensic centers?", "What background checks and drug testing are required for staff, contractors, and volunteers?", "What training must center employees receive before they work with residents?", "Can a resident request video or audio monitoring in their own room, and how does that work?", "What rights do residents have to have family members or other essential caregivers visit them?", "How does the independent ombudsman office investigate complaints about abuse or neglect?", "What are the rules for installing and using video surveillance in common areas of a center?", "What water quality standards must the centers follow for drinking water?", "How are high‑risk alleged offender residents identified and can they challenge that classification?", "What penalties exist for tampering with an electronic monitoring device in a resident’s room?" ], "issue_tags": [ "intellectual-disability-care", "resident-rights", "staff-screening", "electronic-monitoring", "ombudsman", "forensic-centers", "essential-caregiver-visits" ], "synonyms": [ "state supported living centers", "SSLC", "Texas supported living facilities", "intellectual disability residential facilities", "forensic state supported living centers", "independent ombudsman office", "resident rights office" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "571", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 571. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/HS/571.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/571.json", "summary": "Chapter 571 sets the overall framework for Texas's mental health system. It defines key terms, explains the purpose of providing humane care for people with severe mental illness, and establishes rules for involuntary treatment, the least restrictive setting, and patient rights. The chapter also outlines procedural requirements for courts, costs, penalties, and enforcement of the mental health code.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the purpose of the Texas Mental Health Code?", "What does \"least restrictive appropriate setting\" mean for mental health treatment?", "How does Texas law define a \"commitment order\" and who can issue one?", "What information must a mental health facility give patients about their prescription medications?", "Can a person be denied admission to a mental health facility because they also have epilepsy, dementia, or substance abuse problems?", "What are the criminal penalties for wrongfully committing someone to a mental health facility?", "Who prosecutes violations of the Texas Mental Health Code?", "How are court costs for mental health hearings paid and who can be billed for them?", "What is the process for returning a nonresident patient to their home state after commitment?", "How can a patient or their representative request a habeas corpus petition against a commitment order?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mental-health-law", "involuntary-commitment", "patient-rights", "procedural-rules", "penalties", "cost-allocation", "definitions" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Mental Health Code", "Chapter 571", "General Provisions of the Mental Health Code", "Texas MH Code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "572", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 572. VOLUNTARY MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/HS/572.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/572.json", "summary": "Chapter 572 sets the rules for people who want to voluntarily enter a mental health facility, including who can request admission and how it must be documented. It outlines the rights of voluntary patients, the intake and assessment process, medication information, discharge procedures, and special rules for minors and out‑of‑state transfers.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I request admission to an inpatient or outpatient mental health facility?", "Can a parent or guardian admit a minor without the minor’s consent?", "What rights do I have as a voluntary mental health patient?", "What information must a facility give me about my prescription medications?", "What steps does a facility have to follow for intake, assessment, and admission?", "How do I leave a mental health facility if I decide I want to be discharged?", "What happens if a doctor thinks I need court‑ordered treatment after I request discharge?", "Can a patient be transported to a mental health facility in another state?", "What if the facility is full—can they still admit me?", "What are the rules for admitting a minor who is under the Department of Family and Protective Services’ conservatorship?" ], "issue_tags": [ "voluntary-admission", "mental-health-rights", "minor-consent", "discharge-procedure", "medication-information", "intake-assessment", "court-ordered-treatment", "out-of-state-transport" ], "synonyms": [ "voluntary mental health services", "voluntary admission rules", "Texas voluntary mental health admission", "voluntary inpatient/outpatient admission", "patient rights in mental health facilities" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "573", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 573. EMERGENCY DETENTION", "url": "/statutes/HS/573.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/573.json", "summary": "Chapter 573 sets out how Texas peace officers and guardians can temporarily take a person who appears to have a mental illness and is at risk of harming themselves or others to a mental health facility without a warrant. It details the criteria for detention, the paperwork and notifications required, the role of emergency medical services, and the rights of the detained person, including how and when they must be released.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a police officer take someone with a mental illness to a hospital without a warrant?", "What must a peace officer do before detaining someone for emergency mental health reasons?", "What paperwork does a peace officer have to fill out when they detain someone for emergency detention?", "What are the rights of a person who is detained under emergency detention?", "How long can a person be held for a preliminary mental health examination?", "Can a guardian transport a ward to a mental health facility without police help?", "What is the process for a judge or magistrate to issue a warrant for emergency detention?", "What responsibilities do law enforcement agencies and EMS providers have under a memorandum of understanding for emergency detention?", "Can an officer seize a firearm from someone who is being emergency detained?", "How is a person released from emergency detention and where are they taken afterward?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mental-health", "emergency-detention", "police-powers", "patient-rights", "guardianship", "transport", "warrant" ], "synonyms": [ "emergency detention", "involuntary commitment", "mental health hold", "emergency apprehension", "Texas Mental Health Code Chapter 573", "emergency mental health detention" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "574", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 574. COURT-ORDERED MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/HS/574.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/574.json", "summary": "Chapter 574 sets up the process for Texas courts to order mental health treatment for people who are deemed a danger to themselves or others because of mental illness. It covers how applications are filed, how hearings are conducted, the role of court‑appointed attorneys, protective custody, transportation, medication orders, and how orders can be modified or appealed. The chapter also outlines the responsibilities of facilities and local health authorities in providing and coordinating care.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a county or district attorney file an application for court‑ordered mental health services?", "What are the steps and timelines for a hearing on a mental health commitment?", "When does a person have the right to an attorney and what duties does that attorney have?", "What is protective custody and how can a court order it?", "How are temporary and extended inpatient or outpatient mental health services ordered?", "What are the rules for transporting a patient to a mental health facility?", "How can a patient or their attorney request a modification or appeal of a mental health order?", "When can a court authorize the administration of psychoactive medication against a patient’s wishes?", "What responsibilities does a local mental health authority have in recommending treatment?", "How are court‑ordered outpatient services coordinated and who is responsible for them?" ], "issue_tags": [ "court-ordered-mental-health", "protective-custody", "mental-health-commitment", "attorney-appointment", "medication-authority", "patient-transportation", "hearing-procedures", "order-modification" ], "synonyms": [ "court‑ordered mental health services", "mental health commitment proceedings", "involuntary psychiatric treatment", "protective custody order", "Texas Mental Health Code Chapter 574", "court‑ordered psychiatric services" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "575", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 575. ADMISSION AND TRANSFER PROCEDURES FOR INPATIENT SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/HS/575.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/575.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for admitting patients to Texas inpatient mental health facilities and outlines how they can be moved between facilities. It explains who can admit patients, when voluntary patients need consent for transfers, and the special steps required for people with intellectual disabilities, court orders, or criminal justice involvement. It also details how records must be sent when a patient is transferred.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a mental health facility admit a patient without a court order?", "Can a voluntary patient be transferred to another facility without their consent?", "What extra steps are required to transfer a patient who has an intellectual disability?", "How does a private mental hospital transfer a patient to another private hospital?", "What must happen before a patient is moved to a federal mental health facility?", "What is the process for moving a patient from a Texas Department of Criminal Justice facility to a non‑correctional mental health facility?", "Who must be notified when a patient is transferred between mental health facilities?", "What paperwork is needed to transfer a patient to a state supported living center?", "Can a community‑center mental health facility admit a patient under a court‑ordered service?", "How are a patient’s medical records handled during a transfer?" ], "issue_tags": [ "admission-procedures", "involuntary-transfer", "intellectual-disability", "private-mental-hospital", "court-approval", "record-transfer", "mental-health-facility" ], "synonyms": [ "Inpatient mental health admission rules", "Mental health facility transfer guidelines", "Texas mental health admission and transfer statutes", "Chapter 575 admission and transfer procedures", "Mental health inpatient admission and transfer rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "576", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 576. RIGHTS OF PATIENTS", "url": "/statutes/HS/576.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/576.json", "summary": "Chapter 576 sets out the basic civil rights for people receiving mental health services in Texas. It confirms that patients keep all constitutional rights, are presumed competent, and have privacy, communication, and treatment protections. The chapter also requires facilities to inform patients of their rights, provide medication lists, allow independent evaluations, and limit restraints and forced medication.", "questions_answered": [ "Do mental health patients in Texas still have the right to vote and own property?", "Am I presumed mentally competent unless a court says otherwise?", "Can a mental health facility share my name or birth date with a funeral home?", "What rights do I have to communicate with family, lawyers, and the state while in a mental health facility?", "Can I be restrained without a doctor's order?", "Under what circumstances can a doctor give me medication if I refuse it?", "How can I get an independent psychiatric or medical evaluation while hospitalized?", "How do I obtain a list of the medications I am being given in the facility?", "What notifications must the facility give me about my rights and the advocacy system?", "How do I file a habeas corpus petition if I believe I am being held unlawfully?", "Does a guardianship affect my rights under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mental-health-patient-rights", "confidentiality", "medication-consent", "independent-evaluation", "restraint-use", "competency-presumption", "notification-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "Patient Rights in Texas Mental Health Code", "Rights of mental health patients", "Texas mental health patient protections", "Chapter 576 patient rights", "Mental health patient civil rights", "Texas mental health patient statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "577", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 577. PRIVATE MENTAL HOSPITALS AND OTHER MENTAL HEALTH FACILITIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/577.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/577.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for licensing private mental hospitals and other mental health facilities in Texas. It outlines how to apply, the fees, staffing requirements, record‑keeping, inspections, and the penalties for non‑compliance, as well as the process for appeals and enforcement actions.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to operate a private mental hospital or mental health facility in Texas?", "Can a community center or other entity provide court‑ordered mental health services without a license?", "What information and documents must I include in a license application for a mental health facility?", "How are license fees calculated and when must they be paid?", "Can I increase or decrease the number of beds authorized on my license, and how?", "What qualifications are required for the physician who is in charge of a private mental hospital?", "What rules apply when transferring or referring a patient to another inpatient mental health facility?", "What records do I have to keep, and when am I allowed to destroy medical records?", "What actions can the health department take if a facility is not complying with the rules?", "How can I appeal a denial, suspension, or revocation of my license?", "What penalties exist for operating a mental health facility without the required license?", "Are there any exemptions for facilities run by the state, federal agencies, or youth treatment programs?" ], "issue_tags": [ "licensing", "mental-health-facilities", "compliance", "fees", "patient-records", "enforcement", "appeals" ], "synonyms": [ "Private Mental Hospital Licensing", "Texas Mental Health Facility Regulations", "Chapter 577 Mental Health Code", "Private Psychiatric Hospital Rules", "Mental Health Facility Licensing Requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "577A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 577A. PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENTIAL YOUTH TREATMENT FACILITIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/577A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/577A.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a voluntary certification system for private residential facilities that treat children and teens (21 or younger) with severe emotional disturbances. It requires these facilities to already be licensed as general residential operations, to meet specific care and staffing standards, and to undergo regular inspections and fee payments. The chapter also sets admission rules, accreditation requirements, and penalties for non‑compliance.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a psychiatric residential youth treatment facility?", "Do mental hospitals have to follow this chapter?", "How does a facility apply for the voluntary certification?", "What fees are required to get and renew the certification?", "How often does the state inspect a certified facility?", "What minimum standards must a certified facility meet?", "Who is eligible to be admitted to a certified youth treatment facility?", "What diagnosis is needed for a youth to be placed in one of these facilities?", "What happens if a facility violates the certification rules?", "Can a facility lose its certification for non‑compliance?", "Is accreditation by an external organization required?", "How does this certification differ from the regular residential license?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mental-health", "youth-treatment", "facility-certification", "residential-care", "accreditation", "compliance" ], "synonyms": [ "psychiatric residential youth treatment facility", "PRYTF", "youth psychiatric residential facility", "Texas youth mental health residential certification", "residential treatment center for minors", "severe emotional disturbance treatment facility" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "578", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 578. ELECTROCONVULSIVE AND OTHER THERAPIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/578.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/578.json", "summary": "This chapter lays out Texas rules for using electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). It sets age limits, requires a detailed written consent (including a supplement) for each treatment, limits administration to physicians, mandates registration of the equipment, and requires facilities to submit regular reports. Special procedures apply for patients 65 or older, and consent can be withdrawn at any time.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a person under 16 receive electroconvulsive therapy in Texas?", "Do I need my guardian’s consent to get ECT if I’m an involuntary patient?", "What must be included in the written consent form for ECT?", "Can I change my mind and stop ECT after I’ve signed the consent?", "Who is allowed to administer electroconvulsive therapy?", "Do doctors have to register the ECT machine with the state?", "What information does a hospital have to report after giving ECT?", "Are there extra requirements for patients who are 65 or older?", "What risks and side effects must be explained before ECT?", "Is it illegal for a non‑physician to perform electroconvulsive therapy?", "How often must a facility submit ECT usage reports to the department?", "What happens if the equipment used for ECT is deemed dangerous?" ], "issue_tags": [ "electroconvulsive-therapy", "consent-requirements", "age-restrictions", "physician-only", "equipment-registration", "facility-reporting", "elderly-patients" ], "synonyms": [ "ECT regulations", "electroconvulsive therapy rules", "Texas ECT law", "convulsive therapy statutes", "mental health treatment consent requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "579", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 579. MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES DISTRICTS CREATED BY CERTAIN HOSPITAL DISTRICTS", "url": "/statutes/HS/579.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/579.json", "summary": "This chapter lets the Midland County and Ector County hospital districts form a special mental health services district to provide mental health care to residents. It spells out how the district is created, how its board is appointed, what powers it has, how it is funded, and the steps for dissolving it and handling its assets and debts.", "questions_answered": [ "How can a hospital district create a mental health services district?", "Who appoints the directors on the mental health district board?", "What are the qualifications to serve as a director on the board?", "Can the mental health district levy taxes or issue bonds?", "What powers does the mental health district have to provide services?", "How is the district’s annual budget prepared, approved, and made public?", "What financial oversight and audit requirements apply to the district?", "What happens to the district’s property, debts, and unused funds if it is dissolved?", "How are expenses reimbursed for board members and officers?", "When must a public hearing be held for the district’s budget?", "Can the district amend its budget after adoption?", "What assets and funds can the creating hospital districts transfer to the mental health district?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mental-health-district", "hospital-district", "district-governance", "budgeting", "dissolution", "board-appointments" ], "synonyms": [ "mental health services district", "MHSD", "hospital district mental health district", "Texas mental health district", "mental health district created by hospital district" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "580", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 580. INPATIENT COMPETENCY RESTORATION SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/HS/580.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/580.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for any facility that provides inpatient competency restoration services for people who need to be restored to competency to stand trial. It requires those facilities to sign agreements with local mental‑health authorities, submit detailed annual reports to the Health and Human Services Commission, and have the commission send a yearly performance and cost report to the Legislature.", "questions_answered": [ "Which facilities have to follow this chapter?", "What is an inpatient competency restoration service?", "Do facilities need to sign agreements with local mental‑health agencies?", "What information must facilities report to the Health and Human Services Commission each year?", "How often must the commission send a report to the Legislature?", "What data about individuals receiving competency restoration must be included in the reports?", "How are misdemeanor and felony cases distinguished in the reporting?", "What cost comparisons does the legislative report require?", "Who defines the meaning of ‘competency restoration’?", "What happens if a person is not restored to competency within the initial period?" ], "issue_tags": [ "inpatient-competency-restoration", "facility-reporting", "mental-health-agreements", "health-and-human-services", "criminal-justice-data", "cost-analysis" ], "synonyms": [ "inpatient competency restoration services", "competency restoration reporting requirements", "mental health competency restoration rules", "HHSC competency restoration obligations", "facility competency restoration mandates" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "591", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 591. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/HS/591.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/591.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out Texas's policy for people with intellectual disabilities, defining the condition and the types of services they can receive. It outlines how the state agency must provide care, training, and residential options while respecting the individual's rights and using the least restrictive setting possible. The law also details consent requirements and penalties for violating these rights.", "questions_answered": [ "What does Texas consider an intellectual disability?", "What kinds of services and care does the state provide for people with intellectual disabilities?", "How does the law define a group home versus a residential care facility?", "What is the \"least restrictive alternative\" and how is it applied?", "What consent is needed for medical treatment or research for a person with an intellectual disability?", "Who is responsible for overseeing and delivering services to people with intellectual disabilities in Texas?", "What penalties exist if someone violates the rights of a person with an intellectual disability?", "Can a minor with an intellectual disability be placed in a residential facility without a court order?", "What civil damages can be recovered if a person's rights are violated?", "How does the state protect confidential information of individuals with intellectual disabilities?" ], "issue_tags": [ "intellectual-disability", "state-services", "consent-requirements", "least-restrictive-alternative", "civil-penalties", "residential-care" ], "synonyms": [ "Persons with an Intellectual Disability Act", "IDD Act", "Texas intellectual disability law", "Intellectual disability services statute", "IDD services chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "592", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 592. RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH AN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY", "url": "/statutes/HS/592.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/592.json", "summary": "Chapter 592 creates a bill of rights for Texans with intellectual disabilities. It guarantees dignity, protection from abuse, access to appropriate living settings, education, employment, housing, treatment, and medical care. The chapter also sets procedural safeguards for clients, rules on restraints, and detailed requirements for administering psychoactive medication.", "questions_answered": [ "What basic rights do people with an intellectual disability have in Texas?", "Can a landlord refuse to rent to someone because they have an intellectual disability?", "What living options are guaranteed for a person with an intellectual disability?", "How does the law protect a person with an intellectual disability from exploitation or abuse?", "What rights do people with an intellectual disability have to education and employment?", "What are the rules about using physical or mechanical restraints in state‑supported living centers?", "What rights does a client have regarding their individualized treatment or habilitation plan?", "How can a person challenge a determination of intellectual disability or a medication order?", "What medical and dental care rights do residents of intellectual disability facilities have?", "When can a psychoactive medication be given to a client who refuses it?", "What due‑process rights exist for guardianship or competency hearings?", "How can complaints or grievances about services be filed?" ], "issue_tags": [ "intellectual-disability-rights", "housing-discrimination", "employment-discrimination", "restraint-use", "psychoactive-medication", "client-plan", "abuse-protection", "education-access" ], "synonyms": [ "Persons with an Intellectual Disability Act", "Intellectual Disability Bill of Rights", "Texas ID rights", "Rights of persons with intellectual disabilities", "Chapter 592", "ID rights chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "593", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 593. ADMISSION AND COMMITMENT TO INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/HS/593.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/593.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for how people with intellectual disabilities can be admitted to, receive services from, or be committed to state‑run residential care facilities in Texas. It covers consent, disability determination, application procedures, interdisciplinary team reviews, emergency and respite care, hearings, appeals, and fee responsibilities, including provisions for indigent individuals.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I get a legal determination that my child has an intellectual disability in Texas?", "Can a person with an intellectual disability be placed in a state residential care facility without their consent?", "What is the process for applying for voluntary or emergency placement in a residential care facility?", "What rights do I have if I disagree with the determination of an intellectual disability?", "How does the administrative hearing work for a commitment to a residential care facility?", "Can I appeal a decision to commit someone to a residential care facility, and how?", "Who is responsible for paying the cost of residential care if the resident cannot afford it?", "How is the fee schedule calculated for parents of a minor in a residential care facility?", "What does the state do with unpaid fees or child support owed for a resident’s care?", "Can a person with epilepsy be denied admission to a residential care facility?" ], "issue_tags": [ "intellectual-disability-admission", "residential-care-commitment", "consent-requirements", "disability-determination", "hearing-appeal", "fee-structure", "emergency-services" ], "synonyms": [ "Intellectual Disability Services Admission Rules", "Texas Chapter 593", "Admission and Commitment to Intellectual Disability Services", "ID Services Admission Procedures", "Residential Care Commitment Law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "594", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 594. TRANSFER AND DISCHARGE", "url": "/statutes/HS/594.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/594.json", "summary": "Chapter 594 sets out the rules for moving or releasing a person with an intellectual disability from a state‑run care setting. It requires notice to the client and their family, approval before any transfer, and guarantees a chance to request an administrative hearing. The chapter also details special steps for sending a resident to a state mental hospital, including medical evaluations and court hearings.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a residential care facility transfer a client with an intellectual disability without the parents’ or guardian’s consent?", "What notice must be given before a client with an intellectual disability is transferred or discharged?", "How can a client, parent, or guardian request a hearing to contest a proposed transfer or discharge?", "What is the timeline for an administrative hearing after a transfer or discharge request is denied?", "What happens if an appeal is filed against a hearing officer’s decision on a transfer?", "Under what circumstances can a resident be sent to a state mental hospital?", "What medical evidence is required for a court to approve a transfer to a state mental hospital?", "How long can a resident stay in a state mental hospital without a court order?", "What steps must be taken to return a resident from a state mental hospital to a residential care facility?" ], "issue_tags": [ "intellectual-disability", "transfer-procedures", "discharge-rights", "administrative-hearing", "state-mental-hospital", "notice-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "Chapter 594 transfer and discharge rules", "Intellectual disability placement transfer statutes", "Texas mental health transfer law", "Intellectual disability service discharge regulations", "Transfer and discharge provisions for persons with intellectual disabilities" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "595", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 595. RECORDS", "url": "/statutes/HS/595.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/595.json", "summary": "This chapter keeps the personal, medical, and evaluation records of people with intellectual disabilities private. It explains who may see the records, when they can be shared, and how consent must be obtained. It also lists special situations—like emergencies, audits, court orders, and limited disclosures to families—where sharing is allowed, and it bars the use of these records in criminal cases.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my child's intellectual disability records be shared without my permission?", "Who is allowed to see my adult child's confidential records?", "What kinds of emergencies let a provider disclose a person's intellectual disability record?", "Can researchers use these records for studies or audits?", "May a school district receive a person's educational records from the department?", "What does a court order need to look like to force disclosure of a record?", "Can a funeral home or cemetery get the name and birth or death dates of a resident who has died?", "Are intellectual disability records allowed to be used in a criminal investigation?", "How can I request a copy of my own intellectual disability record?", "Can a guardian prevent a client from accessing their own records?", "What rules apply when government agencies exchange these records?", "May a professional tell a relative about a person's current physical or mental condition?" ], "issue_tags": [ "confidentiality", "intellectual-disability", "record-disclosure", "consent", "privacy", "exceptions", "criminal-use" ], "synonyms": [ "Intellectual Disability Records Confidentiality", "Confidentiality of IDD Records", "Chapter 595 Record Privacy", "Intellectual Disability Record Rules", "Privacy Protections for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "597", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 597. CAPACITY OF CLIENTS TO CONSENT TO TREATMENT", "url": "/statutes/HS/597.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/597.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a system for getting consent for major medical, dental, psychoactive medication, or highly restrictive procedures for adults with intellectual disabilities who live in community‑based facilities and cannot decide for themselves. It requires a formal capacity assessment, lists who can act as a surrogate decision‑maker (spouse, adult child, parent, sibling, or other relative), and establishes a surrogate consent committee when no surrogate is available. The committee reviews applications, decides based on the client’s best interest, and its decision can be appealed in probate court.", "questions_answered": [ "What should a facility do if an adult with an intellectual disability cannot decide about a surgery?", "Who is allowed to give consent for major medical treatment when a client lacks capacity and has no legal guardian?", "How is a surrogate decision‑maker chosen for a client without a guardian?", "What is a surrogate consent committee and when is it used?", "What information must be included in an application for a treatment decision?", "Can a client’s own preferences be considered when the committee decides on treatment?", "How can a person appeal a decision made by the surrogate consent committee?", "What types of treatments are covered by this consent process?", "Are there any exceptions where this chapter does not apply?", "What protections exist for people who act in good faith as surrogate decision‑makers?" ], "issue_tags": [ "capacity-consent", "surrogate-decision", "intellectual-disability", "medical-treatment", "committee-review", "texas-health-law" ], "synonyms": [ "surrogate consent process", "capacity assessment for treatment", "Texas ICF‑IID consent rules", "major medical treatment consent for intellectually disabled adults", "surrogate decision‑maker guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "611", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 611. MENTAL HEALTH RECORDS", "url": "/statutes/HS/611.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/611.json", "summary": "This chapter protects the privacy of mental health records by making communications between a patient and a mental health professional confidential. It tells who can claim that privilege, when a professional may share information, and gives patients the right to see their own records. It also sets out how consent can be revoked and what legal remedies exist for improper disclosure.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my therapist share my mental health records without my permission?", "Who is allowed to see my mental health records?", "How can I get a copy of my mental health records?", "Can I revoke a consent I gave for my mental health provider to share my information?", "What situations let a mental health professional disclose my information to law enforcement or other agencies?", "What rights do I have if my mental health records are disclosed improperly?", "Can a mental health provider deny me access to part of my record, and why?", "What fees can a provider charge for copying my mental health records?", "Can my mental health records be released after I die?", "Who can claim the confidentiality privilege on my behalf?", "What are the rules for sharing mental health records in a court or administrative proceeding?", "Can a researcher get access to my mental health records?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mental-health-privacy", "patient-rights", "record-access", "confidentiality", "disclosure-exceptions", "consent-revocation" ], "synonyms": [ "mental health records confidentiality", "patient mental health privacy", "mental health record access", "confidentiality of mental health information", "mental health privilege", "mental health record disclosure rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "612", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 612. INTERSTATE COMPACT ON MENTAL HEALTH", "url": "/statutes/HS/612.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/612.json", "summary": "This chapter creates an agreement among states to share responsibility for caring for people with mental illness or mental deficiency. It lets patients be treated in any state, allows transfers when another state can provide better care, and sets rules for costs, guardians, after‑care, and handling dangerous patients. A state‑appointed administrator coordinates the program and can make supplemental agreements with other states.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a mentally ill person be moved to a different state for treatment?", "What steps must a state follow to transfer a mental health patient to another state?", "Who pays for the transportation and related costs when a patient is transferred out of state?", "What rights do a patient’s guardian have if the patient is sent to another state?", "What happens if a dangerous patient escapes from a mental health facility?", "Can a state refuse to accept a patient that another state wants to send?", "How is after‑care or supervision handled when a patient is moved to another state?", "What authority does the compact administrator have over patient transfers?", "How can states create supplemental agreements for shared services under the compact?", "What is the process for a state to withdraw from the interstate mental health compact?" ], "issue_tags": [ "interstate-mental-health", "patient-transfer", "guardianship", "after-care", "cost-sharing", "compact-administration", "patient-safety" ], "synonyms": [ "Interstate Mental Health Compact", "Mental Health Patient Transfer Agreement", "State Mental Health Cooperation Compact", "Interstate Mental Health Care Compact", "Mental Health Interstate Compact", "Compact on Mental Health" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "613", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 613. KIDNEY DONATION BY WARD WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY", "url": "/statutes/HS/613.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/613.json", "summary": "This chapter outlines how a Texas court can approve a kidney donation from a person with an intellectual disability who is under a guardian’s care. It requires the guardian’s consent, the person’s own assent, specific age and health conditions, and a court hearing with appointed lawyers to protect the donor’s interests. The law also sets limits on who can receive the kidney and how the court evaluates the donor’s capacity and the medical necessity for the transplant.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a person with an intellectual disability donate a kidney?", "What must a guardian do to get court approval for a kidney donation?", "How old does the person need to be to be eligible to donate a kidney?", "Which family members are allowed to receive the donated kidney?", "What medical factors does the court consider before approving a donation?", "What is the court process for approving a kidney donation by a ward?", "Do I need a lawyer for the person with an intellectual disability during this process?", "Can the person with an intellectual disability refuse to donate a kidney?", "What evaluations are required to determine the person’s capacity to consent?", "What risks to the donor are considered by the court?", "How does the court ensure the donor’s best interests are protected?", "What happens if there are other medical options besides a kidney transplant for the recipient?" ], "issue_tags": [ "kidney-donation", "intellectual-disability", "ward-guardian", "court-approval", "organ-transplant", "consent", "medical-ethics" ], "synonyms": [ "Kidney donation by a ward with intellectual disability", "Organ donation by a protected adult", "Kidney transplant consent for intellectually disabled persons", "Court‑ordered kidney donation for wards", "Legal process for kidney donation by disabled ward" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "614", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 614. TEXAS CORRECTIONAL OFFICE ON OFFENDERS WITH MEDICAL OR MENTAL IMPAIRMENTS", "url": "/statutes/HS/614.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/614.json", "summary": "This chapter creates the Texas Correctional Office on Offenders with Medical or Mental Impairments and an advisory committee to oversee care for inmates who have mental illness, developmental or intellectual disabilities, are elderly, or have serious physical illnesses. It requires agencies to work together on continuity‑of‑care plans, diversion programs, and public reporting, and it sets rules for training, complaints, and information sharing. The office also coordinates special services for wrongfully imprisoned people and for juveniles with mental health needs.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Texas Correctional Office on Offenders with Medical or Mental Impairments and what does it do?", "Who can serve on the advisory committee that advises the Texas Board of Criminal Justice?", "How does the state identify and provide treatment for inmates with mental illness or developmental disabilities?", "What programs exist to divert mentally ill or medically impaired offenders away from prison?", "How are continuity‑of‑care plans created and coordinated for offenders with special health needs?", "What services are available for elderly inmates or those with serious physical illnesses?", "Can a family member or other person file a complaint about how an offender with a mental impairment is being treated?", "What information must agencies share about offenders with mental or medical impairments, and how is confidentiality protected?", "What reports does the office have to submit to the board and state leaders, and how often?", "How does the office assist people who were wrongfully imprisoned after they are released?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mental-health-care", "offender-services", "continuity-of-care", "correctional-committee", "disability-justice", "juvenile-mental-health", "public-access" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Correctional Office on Offenders with Medical or Mental Impairments", "TCOOMMI", "Texas Office for Medically Impaired Offenders", "Texas Mental Health Offender Program", "Texas Criminal Justice Mental Health Coordination", "Texas Special Offender Care Office" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "615", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 615. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/HS/615.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/615.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas counties that they must help residents who have a mental illness or intellectual disability, cannot support themselves, and cannot be placed in a state facility. It also gives the state’s protection and advocacy system the right to view records and alert health agencies when it investigates abuse or neglect of these individuals.", "questions_answered": [ "What responsibilities does my county have to support a neighbor with a mental illness who can’t live on their own?", "Can a county be required to help someone with an intellectual disability who isn’t eligible for a state facility?", "Who decides if a person with a mental illness can be placed in a state mental health facility?", "What does the protection and advocacy system do if it suspects abuse of a person with a mental illness?", "Can the advocacy system access medical or service records for people with mental illness or developmental disabilities?", "Do I need to give consent for the advocacy system to look at a person’s records?", "What agencies are notified when the advocacy system investigates a complaint of neglect?", "What happens if a person with a mental illness is a client of a program run by the Department of State Health Services?", "Are counties required to provide financial support for people with mental illness who can’t work?", "How does the state ensure the rights of individuals with intellectual disabilities are protected?" ], "issue_tags": [ "county-responsibility", "mental-health-support", "intellectual-disability-assistance", "advocacy-record-access", "abuse-investigation", "state-agency-notification" ], "synonyms": [ "county duty to support mentally ill residents", "protection and advocacy system record access", "mental health county obligations", "intellectual disability support provisions", "state oversight of abuse complaints" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "671", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 671. DETERMINATION OF DEATH AND AUTOPSY REPORTS", "url": "/statutes/HS/671.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/671.json", "summary": "This chapter explains when a person is legally considered dead in Texas, who is allowed to pronounce death, and protects those professionals from civil or criminal liability when they do so. It also sets out how autopsy reports must be filed, what they contain, how they can be obtained, and the fees and timelines for releasing them.", "questions_answered": [ "When is a person considered dead under Texas law?", "Who can pronounce death if the person is on life support?", "Can a registered nurse or physician assistant declare someone dead?", "Are doctors or nurses protected from lawsuits when they determine death?", "What is included in an autopsy report?", "How soon must a physician file an autopsy report after an autopsy is ordered?", "What should I do if the autopsy report has not been filed on time?", "How can I request a copy of an autopsy report?", "How much will it cost to get a copy of an autopsy report?", "When will I receive the autopsy report after I request it?", "Can I share the autopsy report with others, and under what circumstances?" ], "issue_tags": [ "death-determination", "autopsy-reporting", "medical-liability", "healthcare-policy", "forensic-documentation" ], "synonyms": [ "determination of death", "death pronouncement rules", "autopsy filing requirements", "Texas death certification statutes", "death and autopsy regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "671A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 671A. NOTICE REQUIRED AT PRIVATE AUTOPSY FACILITY", "url": "/statutes/HS/671A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/671A.json", "summary": "This chapter tells private autopsy labs to put up a clear notice in both English and Spanish that explains how the public can file complaints against doctors who perform autopsies. The notice must be posted where visitors can see it, and the Texas Medical Board provides the exact wording. If a facility fails to display the notice, it is charged with a Class C misdemeanor.", "questions_answered": [ "Do private autopsy facilities have to display a public notice about filing complaints?", "What languages must the notice be posted in?", "Where in the facility should the notice be placed?", "What agency handles complaints against autopsy physicians?", "What happens if a private autopsy lab doesn't post the required notice?", "Is the notice requirement also applied to medical examiner offices?", "What is the penalty for not posting the notice?", "How can I find the sample notice or complaint form?", "Can I file a complaint in Spanish?", "What class of misdemeanor is the offense for not posting the notice?" ], "issue_tags": [ "private-autopsy-notice", "complaint-procedure", "bilingual-disclosure", "misdemeanor-penalty", "texas-medical-board" ], "synonyms": [ "notice requirement for private autopsy facilities", "autopsy facility complaint notice", "Texas private autopsy posting rule", "autopsy physician complaint information", "bilingual notice law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "672", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 672. ADULT FATALITY REVIEW AND INVESTIGATION", "url": "/statutes/HS/672.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/672.json", "summary": "This chapter creates local multidisciplinary teams to examine adult deaths that appear sudden and may involve suicide, family violence, or abuse. It requires health providers and others to report such deaths, outlines how the teams gather information, keep it confidential, and report findings to help prevent future tragedies.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is required to report an adult death that might involve suicide, family violence, or abuse?", "What is an unexpected fatality review team and what does it do?", "How are members of the review team selected and what backgrounds should they have?", "Can a small county join with neighboring counties to form a review team?", "What types of records can the review team request for its investigations?", "Are the meetings of the review team open to the public?", "How is the information gathered by the review team protected and who can see it?", "When must the review team submit its report and who receives it?", "What penalties exist for improperly disclosing confidential information from a review team?", "What does the law define as abuse in the context of adult deaths?", "What is the overall purpose of the unexpected fatality review process?", "Who oversees the activities of the review team at the county level?" ], "issue_tags": [ "unexpected-deaths", "adult-fatality-review", "suicide-prevention", "family-violence", "abuse-investigation", "confidentiality", "reporting-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "Adult Fatality Review", "Unexpected Death Review", "Adult Death Investigation", "Fatality Review Team", "Unexpected Adult Death Program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "672A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 672A. PROHIBITED PUBLICATION OF CERTAIN PHOTOGRAPHS OF HUMAN REMAINS", "url": "/statutes/HS/672A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/672A.json", "summary": "This chapter bars state and local government employees from sharing photographs of human remains with anyone who isn’t authorized, including posting online, sending by text or email, or selling to news outlets. Violating the rule can result in a civil penalty of up to $10,000 per incident, though exceptions exist for law‑enforcement, scientific, educational, medical, court, or approved documentary uses.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a state employee post a picture of a dead body on social media?", "What does \"publish\" mean when it comes to photos of human remains?", "Am I allowed to email a photo of a corpse to a colleague?", "What penalties apply if I share a picture of human remains without permission?", "Are there any situations where sharing such a photo is legal?", "Can a police officer use a corpse photo for an official investigation?", "Do researchers or medical professionals have an exemption to use these photos?", "Who can bring a lawsuit to collect the civil penalty?", "Is a private citizen subject to this law if they see a photo of a dead body?", "What qualifies as an \"unauthorized person\" under this law?", "Can a documentary film include images of human remains without breaking the law?", "Do law‑enforcement officers have immunity from this prohibition?" ], "issue_tags": [ "prohibited-photographs", "human-remains", "state-employees", "civil-penalty", "media-restrictions", "exemptions" ], "synonyms": [ "prohibited publication of corpse photos", "ban on sharing images of dead bodies", "restriction on photographing human remains", "Texas law on publishing pictures of the dead", "human remains photo prohibition" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "673", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 673. SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME", "url": "/statutes/HS/673.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/673.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for when a baby under one year dies suddenly and the cause is unknown. It requires the death to be reported, mandates an autopsy, and allows the state to reimburse counties for the autopsy cost. It also lets sudden infant death syndrome be listed as the primary cause of death on the death certificate.", "questions_answered": [ "What must be done if my infant dies suddenly and we don’t know why?", "Who has to be notified when a baby under 12 months dies unexpectedly?", "Will the state pay for the autopsy of my infant’s death?", "How is sudden infant death syndrome recorded on the death certificate?", "Which agency defines what counts as sudden infant death syndrome?", "Can my child’s legal guardian receive the autopsy results?", "What role does the justice of the peace play in a sudden infant death?", "Is there a set amount the state will reimburse for the autopsy?", "What happens if the reimbursement funds run out?", "Who is the commissioner responsible for overseeing this process?" ], "issue_tags": [ "sudden-infant-death", "autopsy-reimbursement", "death-reporting", "infant-mortality", "health-services", "death-certificates" ], "synonyms": [ "SIDS statute", "Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Act", "Texas SIDS law", "Infant death reporting law", "Chapter 673" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "674", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 674. FETAL AND INFANT MORTALITY REVIEW", "url": "/statutes/HS/674.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/674.json", "summary": "This chapter creates fetal and infant mortality review teams to examine deaths of fetuses (350 g or more, or 20 weeks gestation) and infants under one year. It outlines who can form the team, required members, duties to collect and analyze data, and how to report findings. The law protects the privacy of families and health‑care providers, gives team members immunity from liability, and makes team meetings confidential and not subject to subpoena.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is allowed to establish a fetal and infant mortality review team?", "What types of professionals must be included on the review team?", "What is the main purpose of the fetal and infant mortality review team?", "What kinds of records can the review team request and review?", "Are the meetings of the review team open to the public?", "How is confidential information protected under this chapter?", "Can a review team member be sued for recommendations they make?", "What penalty applies if a team member improperly discloses confidential information?", "Does this law apply to records of abortions or therapeutic terminations?", "Do health‑care providers have to give information to the review team without consent?", "Can the review team’s work product be subpoenaed in a court case?" ], "issue_tags": [ "fetal-infant-mortality", "review-team", "confidentiality", "immunity", "public-health" ], "synonyms": [ "fetal and infant mortality review", "perinatal mortality review", "infant death review", "fetal death review", "mortality review team" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "691", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 691. DONATION OF BODIES AND ANATOMICAL SPECIMENS", "url": "/statutes/HS/691.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/691.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up the rules for donating human bodies and parts to medical, dental, forensic, and research programs in Texas. It creates a state advisory committee, requires registration and inspection of donation programs, outlines how bodies are handled, transported, and recorded, and provides information on fees, public complaints, and penalties for non‑compliance.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I donate my body to a Texas medical school or research program?", "What steps must a willed body program or donation organization take to be registered in Texas?", "Who is allowed to claim an unclaimed body for burial?", "What are the fees associated with donating a body or anatomical specimen?", "What does the State Anatomical Advisory Committee do?", "How are donated bodies and specimens transported and tracked?", "Can I change my mind and revoke a body donation after I’ve signed a will?", "What types of organizations can receive donated bodies in Texas?", "What are the requirements for non‑transplant anatomical donation organizations?", "How can I file a complaint about a body donation program?", "What penalties exist for failing to follow the body donation rules?", "Who can approve an autopsy on an unclaimed body?" ], "issue_tags": [ "body-donation", "anatomical-specimens", "willed-body-programs", "non-transplant-donation", "commission-regulation", "unclaimed-bodies", "fees" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas body donation law", "Anatomical donation statutes", "Donation of corpses", "Willed body program regulations", "Health and Safety Code Chapter 691", "Body and tissue donation rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "692A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 692A. REVISED UNIFORM ANATOMICAL GIFT ACT", "url": "/statutes/HS/692A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/692A.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for donating organs, tissues, eyes, or whole bodies after death, including how a person can make, change, or cancel a donation and who is allowed to decide. It creates a statewide donor registry and outlines the duties of hospitals and organ procurement organizations. The law also bans buying or selling donated parts and gives immunity to those who act in good faith under the statute.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I become an organ, tissue, or eye donor in Texas?", "Can I add my donation preference to my driver’s license or ID card?", "What options do minors have for donating organs or tissues?", "Who is allowed to decide to donate a deceased relative’s body or parts?", "How can I change or revoke a donation decision I previously made?", "What happens if I sign a refusal to donate my body or parts?", "What records or documents are needed to make an anatomical gift?", "How does the Texas donor registry work and who maintains it?", "What responsibilities do hospitals and procurement organizations have for donor notification?", "Is it illegal to buy or sell donated organs, tissues, or eyes?", "What legal protection do I have if I follow the donation rules in good faith?" ], "issue_tags": [ "organ-donation", "anatomical-gift", "donor-registry", "revocation", "minors", "hospital-procurement", "prohibited-sale" ], "synonyms": [ "Revised Uniform Anatomical Gift Act", "Texas organ donation law", "anatomical gift statute", "donor consent law", "organ and tissue donation act" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "693", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 693. REMOVAL OF BODY PARTS, BODY TISSUE, AND CORNEAL TISSUE", "url": "/statutes/HS/693.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/693.json", "summary": "This chapter lays out the procedures for taking organs, tissues, and corneal tissue from people who have died, especially when the death requires an official inquest. It tells who can give permission, when consent is required or can be waived, and provides immunity from civil lawsuits for those involved. It also sets out who may remove an eye for donation and the training they must complete.", "questions_answered": [ "Who can approve the removal of organs or tissue from a deceased person who died under circumstances requiring an inquest?", "What consent is needed to take organs, tissue, or corneal tissue from a dead donor?", "Can organs be removed if the next of kin cannot be reached within four hours after death?", "What can a medical examiner do if they think an organ should not be taken for donation?", "Are hospitals or doctors protected from lawsuits when they remove organs or tissue for transplantation?", "Who is allowed to perform an eye enucleation for an anatomical gift?", "What training is required for non‑physicians to remove an eye for donation?", "Is corneal tissue removed under the same rules as other organs?", "Will the organ procurement organization be reimbursed for costs incurred during the removal process?", "What report must be filed after organs or tissue are taken from a decedent?" ], "issue_tags": [ "organ-donation", "consent", "medical-examiner", "corneal-tissue", "eye-enucleation", "civil-immunity" ], "synonyms": [ "organ removal rules", "tissue procurement statutes", "anatomical gift regulations", "cornea donation law", "eye enucleation guidelines", "Texas organ donation statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "694", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 694. BURIAL", "url": "/statutes/HS/694.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/694.json", "summary": "This chapter tells who controls burial and body handling in Texas. It gives the state health department authority over disposal and transport, requires county courts to arrange burial for indigent decedents and manage any cash found with them, and lets local municipalities set their own burial rules. It also explains how leftover money is held in trust and can be moved to a county fund if unclaimed.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is responsible for regulating the disposal and transport of dead bodies in Texas?", "What must a county commissioners court do for the burial of a deceased pauper?", "Can a county use cash found on a pauper’s body to pay burial costs?", "What happens to any money left after a pauper’s burial expenses are paid?", "How long do heirs have to claim leftover cash from a pauper’s burial?", "Do Texas cities have the power to make their own burial regulations?", "What factors, like religion, must a county consider when arranging a pauper’s burial?", "Can a county set up a fund to cover burial costs for indigent decedents?", "Who can adopt rules for disinterment and burial within a municipality?", "What authority oversees the interment and disinterment of bodies in Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "burial-regulation", "pauper-disposition", "local-government-authority", "body-transport", "burial-funds", "religious-considerations" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas burial statutes", "body disposition law", "pauper burial rules", "burial and interment regulations", "Texas death and burial code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "695", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 695. IN-CASKET IDENTIFICATION", "url": "/statutes/HS/695.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/695.json", "summary": "This chapter tells the Texas Funeral Service Commission to make sure every casket used for a deceased person includes the person's name, birth date, and death date. It gives the commission the power to write rules to enforce that requirement.", "questions_answered": [ "What information must be placed inside a casket in Texas?", "Who is responsible for ensuring a casket has the deceased’s identification?", "Does Texas law require a name on the casket?", "What details (birth date, death date) need to be on a casket?", "Can the Texas Funeral Service Commission set rules about casket labeling?", "When did the requirement for casket identification become effective?", "What is the legal definition of a casket under this chapter?", "Are there penalties if a casket does not contain the required identification?", "How does this law affect funeral homes and cemeteries?", "What agency oversees compliance with casket identification rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "in-casket-identification", "funeral-regulations", "texas-health-safety", "casket-labeling", "funeral-service-commission" ], "synonyms": [ "casket identification requirements", "in-casket ID rules", "Texas casket labeling law", "funeral service identification mandate" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "696", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 696. DISPOSITION OF UNCLAIMED CREMATED REMAINS", "url": "/statutes/HS/696.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/696.json", "summary": "This chapter tells funeral homes, crematories, and coroners what to do with cremated remains that no one claims. After five years and a good effort to find relatives, they can share verification data with the VA or a veterans' organization to see if the remains belong to a veteran or dependent. If so, the remains can be sent to a veterans cemetery or handed to a veterans' service group for burial, and those who follow the rules are protected from civil lawsuits.", "questions_answered": [ "What should a funeral home do with cremated remains that no family member claims?", "How long must unclaimed cremated remains be held before they can be transferred to a veterans cemetery?", "What steps must be taken to try to locate a relative of the deceased before the remains can be released?", "Can a crematory share information about unclaimed remains with the Department of Veterans Affairs?", "What information does the VA need to verify that unclaimed remains belong to a veteran or dependent?", "If unclaimed remains are identified as a veteran’s, where can they be buried?", "Can a veterans' service organization receive and inter the remains of a veteran?", "Are funeral directors or veterans' organizations protected from lawsuits when they transfer or inter unclaimed remains?", "What types of organizations qualify as a veterans' service organization under this law?", "Do coroners have the same responsibilities as funeral homes for unclaimed cremated remains?" ], "issue_tags": [ "unclaimed-cremated-remains", "veterans-burial", "verification-information", "civil-immunity", "funeral-director-responsibilities" ], "synonyms": [ "Disposition of Unclaimed Cremated Remains", "Unclaimed Cremains Procedure", "Veteran Cremains Transfer", "Cremated Remains Handling" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "697", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 697. DISPOSITION OF EMBRYONIC AND FETAL TISSUE REMAINS", "url": "/statutes/HS/697.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/697.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas health‑care facilities how they must handle the remains of embryos and fetuses that die before birth. It lists approved methods—burial, cremation, incineration, or steam disinfection followed by burial—and sets up a registry and grant program to help cover the costs. Facilities that don’t follow the rules can lose their license and face a $1,000 civil penalty for each violation.", "questions_answered": [ "What methods are allowed for disposing of embryonic or fetal tissue remains in Texas?", "Can a health‑care facility bury or cremate fetal remains, and are there any restrictions on where the ashes can go?", "What is the difference between cremation, incineration, and steam disinfection for fetal tissue remains?", "Is there a state‑run program that helps cover burial or cremation costs for unborn child remains?", "How can a health‑care provider find funeral homes or cemeteries that offer low‑cost burial for fetal remains?", "What penalties apply if a facility does not follow the disposal rules for embryonic or fetal tissue?", "Can a health‑care facility lose its license for violating the fetal tissue disposal regulations?", "Are umbilical cords, placenta, and other pregnancy fluids required to be handled separately from fetal remains?", "Who maintains the registry of organizations that assist with burial or cremation of fetal remains?", "What agency is responsible for enforcing the rules on fetal tissue disposition?" ], "issue_tags": [ "embryonic-fetal-disposition", "healthcare-facility-regulation", "burial-assistance", "civil-penalties", "state-health-code" ], "synonyms": [ "Fetal tissue disposal law", "Unborn child remains disposition", "Texas embryonic tissue regulations", "Chapter 697", "Embryonic and fetal remains statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "711", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 711. GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CEMETERIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/711.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/711.json", "summary": "Chapter 711 sets the rules for how human remains are handled, who can decide on burial or cremation, and how cemeteries are created, run, and maintained in Texas. It defines key terms, outlines the priority of people who may control a decedent's remains, governs the removal and transfer of remains, and establishes requirements for cemetery locations, corporate structures, plot ownership, and record‑keeping. The chapter also provides procedures for dealing with abandoned or unknown cemeteries, nuisance abatement, and the regulation of cemetery brokers.", "questions_answered": [ "Who has the legal right to decide how a loved one's remains are buried or cremated in Texas?", "What steps must be taken to move a body from one cemetery plot to another?", "How do I report the discovery of an abandoned or unknown cemetery on my property?", "What are the requirements for forming a cemetery corporation or nonprofit cemetery organization?", "Can a cemetery be established near a city, and what distance rules apply?", "What rules can a cemetery organization set for plot owners and visitors?", "How are disputes over burial rights resolved if family members disagree?", "What penalties apply for violating cemetery record‑keeping or selling plots for speculation?", "How can a cemetery be declared a nuisance and what actions can the court take?", "What are the duties of a cemetery broker and what records must they keep?" ], "issue_tags": [ "cemetery-disposition", "plot-ownership", "abandoned-cemetery", "removal-of-remains", "cemetery-location", "nuisance-abatement", "cemetery-corporation", "cemetery-broker" ], "synonyms": [ "Cemetery law", "Texas cemetery regulations", "Cemetery and crematory statutes", "General provisions for cemeteries", "Health and Safety Code Chapter 711" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "712", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 712. PERPETUAL CARE CEMETERIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/712.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/712.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for Texas perpetual care cemeteries, which are cemeteries that must keep a dedicated trust fund to maintain the grounds forever. It tells who can operate such cemeteries, how much capital and trust money they must deposit, and how they must get and keep a certificate of authority. The law also covers how the trust fund is invested, reported, and protected, and it provides enforcement tools and penalties for violations. Finally, it regulates the sale of undeveloped mausoleum spaces and the disclosures required to buyers.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a perpetual care cemetery and how does it differ from other cemeteries?", "What are the minimum capital and trust fund requirements to start a perpetual care cemetery in Texas?", "Do I need a certificate of authority to operate a perpetual care cemetery, and how do I apply for one?", "Can the certificate of authority be transferred or assigned to another owner?", "How must the perpetual care trust fund be invested and how are distributions calculated?", "What reports and disclosures must a cemetery provide to the state and to plot owners?", "What penalties or enforcement actions can the state take if a cemetery violates the rules?", "How are undeveloped mausoleum spaces sold, and what buyer protections are required?", "What can plot owners do if a cemetery fails to maintain the perpetual care fund?", "Can a cemetery surrender its certificate of authority and what are the consequences?" ], "issue_tags": [ "perpetual-care-cemetery", "trust-fund", "certificate-authority", "cemetery-compliance", "mausoleum-sales", "enforcement-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "perpetual care cemetery regulations", "endowment care cemetery statutes", "Texas cemetery trust fund rules", "perpetual care cemetery law", "Texas cemetery authority requirements", "perpetual care trust fund statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "713", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 713. LOCAL REGULATION OF CEMETERIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/713.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/713.json", "summary": "This chapter gives Texas cities and counties the power to own, operate, and maintain public cemeteries. It explains how municipalities can act as permanent trustees, accept gifts or taxes for cemetery upkeep, and how they may take over abandoned or unsafe burial grounds. The law also sets rules for county cemetery trusts, use of public funds, and the sale of burial plots.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my city create and run a public cemetery?", "How does a municipality become a trustee for cemetery maintenance?", "What can a city do with money it receives for cemetery care?", "May a city charge a tax to fund cemetery upkeep?", "What steps must a city follow to take control of an abandoned or unsafe cemetery?", "Can a nonprofit organization be appointed to manage a neglected cemetery?", "When can a county set up a perpetual trust fund for cemetery maintenance?", "Is a county allowed to use public funds or employees to care for an old cemetery?", "Can a city sell additional burial spaces in a cemetery it controls?", "What happens if a cemetery plot is declared abandoned?", "How can a family or individual maintain their own grave if the cemetery is municipally owned?", "Can a county purchase burial grounds for veterans who lack funeral funds?" ], "issue_tags": [ "cemetery-regulation", "municipal-trust", "cemetery-maintenance", "abandoned-cemetery", "county-cemetery", "cemetery-funding", "public-health" ], "synonyms": [ "local cemetery regulation", "municipal cemetery authority", "county cemetery trust", "Texas cemetery statutes", "local control of burial grounds" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "714", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 714. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS RELATING TO CEMETERIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/714.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/714.json", "summary": "This chapter sets minimum depths for graves, allows local governments to adjust those depths, and makes it a misdemeanor to bury shallower than required. It also bans animal feed or slaughter pens within 500 feet of a cemetery in large counties and lets owners sue to stop them. The law explains when a private cemetery can claim an unused plot as abandoned, how owners can contest that, and how proceeds must be used. Finally, it gives authorities the power to move bodies and monuments from abandoned cemeteries in populous counties to other cared-for cemeteries.", "questions_answered": [ "How deep must a grave be buried in Texas?", "Can a city or county allow shallower graves than the state minimum?", "What are the penalties for burying a body too shallowly?", "Can a feed pen for hogs, cattle, or horses be placed near a cemetery?", "What can a cemetery owner do if a nearby feed or slaughter pen is a nuisance?", "When does a private cemetery get to take back an unused plot?", "How can I prove I still own a plot that the cemetery thinks is abandoned?", "Can a cemetery sell an abandoned plot, and what happens to the money?", "What happens to bodies and monuments in an abandoned cemetery in a large county?", "Where can remains be moved if the original cemetery is closed and there’s no perpetual‑care cemetery nearby?" ], "issue_tags": [ "burial-depth", "cemetery-nuisance", "abandoned-plots", "cemetery-ownership", "remains-removal", "animal-pen-proximity" ], "synonyms": [ "Cemetery burial depth rules", "Cemetery nuisance regulations", "Abandoned cemetery plot provisions", "Removal of remains from abandoned cemeteries", "Cemetery plot abandonment law", "Miscellaneous cemetery provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "715", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 715. CERTAIN HISTORIC CEMETERIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/715.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/715.json", "summary": "This chapter gives nonprofit groups a way to take over and care for historic cemeteries that are over 75 years old, neglected, and pose health or safety risks. The nonprofit must petition a district court, present a detailed restoration and maintenance plan, and, if approved, run the cemetery, sell plots, and set up a trust fund for perpetual care. The court monitors compliance, and the restored cemetery must remain open to the public.", "questions_answered": [ "How can a nonprofit organization take control of an old historic cemetery in Texas?", "What age and condition requirements must a cemetery meet to qualify for nonprofit restoration?", "What information must be included in the petition to the district court?", "Who must be served with notice when a nonprofit files a petition to restore a historic cemetery?", "What are the court’s criteria for approving a nonprofit’s restoration plan?", "How is a trust fund for cemetery maintenance created and who manages it?", "Can a nonprofit sell burial plots in a historic cemetery and how are proceeds handled?", "What duties does the nonprofit have after the court authorizes it to operate the cemetery?", "Is a crematory allowed to be built on a historic cemetery under this chapter?", "Can the nonprofit acquire land that is adjacent to the historic cemetery?", "What public access rules apply to a cemetery restored under this chapter?", "Which types of cemeteries are excluded from this chapter’s requirements?" ], "issue_tags": [ "historic-cemetery", "nonprofit-restoration", "trust-fund", "court-petition", "cemetery-maintenance", "public-access", "texas-law" ], "synonyms": [ "Historic cemetery restoration statute", "Texas historic cemetery nonprofit provisions", "Chapter 715 cemetery law", "Historic burial ground preservation act", "Nonprofit cemetery management rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "716", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 716. CREMATORIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/716.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/716.json", "summary": "Chapter 716 of the Texas Health and Safety Code sets the rules for crematories, including where they can be located, the waiting period before a cremation, the paperwork needed, how remains must be handled and identified, and the penalties for violations. It also covers how cremated remains can be disposed of, such as scattering or burial, and special provisions like flag incineration.", "questions_answered": [ "How long must I wait after death before a cremation can be performed?", "What forms and signatures are required to authorize a cremation?", "Can a crematory be built anywhere, or does it have to be next to a cemetery or funeral home?", "What types of containers are allowed for placing remains in a cremation chamber?", "What must a crematory do to identify the remains before and after cremation?", "Can multiple people's ashes be cremated at the same time?", "What are the rules for removing a pacemaker or other implant before cremation?", "How can cremated remains be scattered or buried, and where is it allowed?", "What records does a crematory have to keep and for how long?", "What penalties apply if a crematory cremates remains without proper authorization?", "Can a flag be incinerated with the cremation process, and when?", "Who is responsible for the cost and disposal of cremated remains if the family does not claim them?" ], "issue_tags": [ "cremation-authorization", "crematory-location", "waiting-period", "remains-disposition", "identification-requirements", "pacemaker-removal", "penalties", "scattering-remains" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Cremation Laws", "Chapter 716 Crematories", "Texas Health and Safety Code Cremation Chapter", "Crematory Regulations", "Cremation Statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "751", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 751. MASS GATHERINGS", "url": "/statutes/HS/751.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/751.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a permit system for large events held outside city limits, defining what counts as a mass gathering and requiring promoters to submit detailed plans for health, safety, traffic, and minor supervision. County judges review the applications, can approve, deny, or revoke permits, and allow appeals. Ongoing inspections by health, fire, and law‑enforcement officials ensure standards are met, and violations can lead to misdemeanor penalties.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a permit to hold a large outdoor event in Texas?", "What size or conditions make an event a \"mass gathering\" under Texas law?", "How many days before the event must I apply for a mass gathering permit?", "What details must I include in my mass gathering permit application?", "Who reviews my mass gathering permit application and what do they look at?", "Can a county judge cancel my event permit after it’s been issued?", "What can I do if my mass gathering permit is denied?", "What are the penalties for holding a mass gathering without a permit?", "Will health, fire, or police officials inspect my event while it’s happening?", "Do horse or greyhound races count as mass gatherings and need a permit?", "How can I appeal a permit decision or revocation?", "Are there fees for inspections of my mass gathering?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mass-gatherings", "event-permits", "public-safety", "health-inspections", "texas-law" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Mass Gatherings Act", "mass gathering permit rules", "large event regulations", "outdoor event licensing", "Texas event safety statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "752", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 752. HIGH VOLTAGE OVERHEAD LINES", "url": "/statutes/HS/752.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/752.json", "summary": "This chapter defines what counts as a high‑voltage overhead line and requires anyone working, building, or storing equipment within six feet of such lines to notify the line operator and arrange safety measures like de‑energizing or shielding the line. It exempts certain utility, transportation, and contractor employees, sets a 48‑hour notice rule, and makes violators liable for damages and subject to fines or jail time.", "questions_answered": [ "How far must I stay from a high‑voltage power line when doing construction work?", "Do I need to tell the utility company before I start a temporary project near an overhead line?", "What safety steps can be taken if my work must be closer than six feet to a high‑voltage line?", "Who is exempt from these high‑voltage line rules?", "Can I be fined or jailed for violating the six‑foot clearance rule?", "Who pays for the cost of shutting down or moving a high‑voltage line for my project?", "What happens if my equipment accidentally contacts a high‑voltage line?", "Are there penalties if I store materials within six feet of an overhead line?", "What is considered a “high‑voltage” line under this law?", "Do these rules apply to communication lines as well as power lines?" ], "issue_tags": [ "high-voltage-lines", "safety-distance", "temporary-clearance", "liability", "criminal-penalty", "exemptions" ], "synonyms": [ "high voltage overhead line regulations", "overhead power line safety rules", "section 752 high voltage statutes", "high‑voltage line clearance requirements", "overhead line safety chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "753", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 753. FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS", "url": "/statutes/HS/753.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/753.json", "summary": "This chapter sets safety rules for storing, handling, and dispensing flammable liquids like gasoline and diesel at retail fuel stations and mobile fuel units. It defines who must follow the rules, limits tank sizes, outlines licensing requirements, and gives the agencies that enforce the standards. It also describes the civil and criminal penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "What are the safety requirements for storing gasoline at a gas station?", "Can a retail fuel station have an above‑ground storage tank in a small town?", "Do I need a license to operate a mobile fuel dispensing vehicle?", "What size limits apply to underground and above‑ground fuel tanks at a service station?", "Which agency enforces the rules for fuel storage and dispensing?", "What penalties can be imposed for violating fuel‑storage regulations?", "Are there special rules for fuel stations that are part of a bulk plant?", "Can a municipality set stricter rules for mobile fuel units than the state rules?", "What are the setback requirements for new above‑ground fuel tanks?", "How are violations of the fuel‑storage rules handled in court?" ], "issue_tags": [ "flammable-liquids", "fuel-storage", "retail-service-stations", "mobile-fuel-units", "safety-regulations", "penalties", "fire-protection" ], "synonyms": [ "Flammable Liquids Chapter", "Gasoline Storage Regulations", "Fuel Tank Safety Rules", "Retail Fuel Station Standards", "Mobile Fuel Service Rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "754", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 754. ELEVATORS, ESCALATORS, AND RELATED EQUIPMENT", "url": "/statutes/HS/754.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/754.json", "summary": "This chapter sets safety standards for elevators, escalators, chairlifts, platform lifts, people movers and related equipment in Texas. It requires owners to have annual inspections by registered inspectors, mandates registration and insurance for contractors, and gives the commission and advisory board authority to adopt rules, grant waivers, and enforce compliance. Certain small private buildings, single‑family homes, federal facilities, and industrial sites are exempt or have special rules.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a permit or inspection for a new elevator in my building?", "How often must elevators and escalators be inspected in Texas?", "Who is allowed to inspect elevators and what qualifications do they need?", "What insurance coverage is required for elevator contractors?", "Are elevators in a single‑family home subject to the same rules as commercial elevators?", "Can a historic building get a waiver from the standard elevator codes?", "What penalties apply if an elevator accident is not reported?", "What does the elevator advisory board do and who serves on it?", "Can a city run its own elevator inspection program instead of the state rules?", "What is considered an accident involving elevator equipment?", "How can I become a registered elevator inspector?", "What are the requirements for contractors who work on elevators and escalators?" ], "issue_tags": [ "elevator-safety", "inspection-requirements", "contractor-registration", "historic-waivers", "single-family-elevators", "enforcement-penalties", "advisory-board" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas elevator safety code", "elevator and escalator regulations", "elevator equipment standards", "elevator inspection rules", "elevator advisory board statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "755", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 755. BOILERS", "url": "/statutes/HS/755.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/755.json", "summary": "Texas law requires every boiler in the state to be registered, inspected, and issued a certificate of operation before it can be used. The statute sets up a Board of Boiler Rules to advise on safety standards, defines inspection types and intervals, and outlines fees and penalties for non‑compliance. It also lists which boilers are exempt and provides procedures for extensions and enforcement.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a certificate of operation to run a boiler in Texas?", "How often must my boiler be inspected internally and externally?", "What types of boilers are exempt from registration and inspection requirements?", "Who is responsible for inspecting boilers and issuing certificates in Texas?", "What is the Board of Boiler Rules and who serves on it?", "Can I apply for an extension on the required inspection interval for my boiler?", "What actions can the state take if my boiler is found unsafe?", "What are the penalties for operating a boiler without a certificate of operation?", "How do I pay the fees for boiler inspections and certification?", "Are federal government‑owned boilers subject to Texas boiler regulations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "boiler-inspection", "boiler-registration", "safety-certificates", "texas-regulations", "inspection-intervals", "boiler-penalties", "board-of-boiler-rules" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Boiler Safety Act", "Boiler Inspection Law", "Boiler Registration Requirements", "Boiler Certification Rules", "Texas Boiler Code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "756", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 756. MISCELLANEOUS HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS", "url": "/statutes/HS/756.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/756.json", "summary": "Chapter 756 sets safety rules for a variety of hazardous conditions in Texas. It tells owners how to cover large wells, how to fill or plug small holes, how to keep big refrigerators out of children's reach, and what standards apply to trench work, outdoor shooting ranges, playground equipment, security bars, municipal landscaping services, and construction near pipelines. The chapter also lists the fines, misdemeanors, and civil penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to keep a deep well or cistern covered when I'm not using it?", "What are the penalties if I leave a large well uncovered?", "How must I fill or plug a small abandoned hole to avoid a fine?", "Can I place a big refrigerator or ice box where children can get to it?", "What safety standards must be included in construction contracts for trenches deeper than five feet?", "What rules apply to outdoor shooting ranges in counties with more than 150,000 people?", "What insurance does a shooting range owner need to carry?", "What requirements apply to playground equipment bought with public funds?", "Can I install security bars on a bedroom window, and what safety features are required?", "What labeling is required when selling security bars in Texas?", "What approvals does a municipality need before offering landscaping services to the public?", "What steps must I take before building or repairing near a pipeline easement?" ], "issue_tags": [ "well-safety", "child-safety-refrigerators", "trench-contracts", "shooting-range-standards", "playground-funding", "security-bars", "municipal-landscaping", "pipeline-construction" ], "synonyms": [ "Miscellaneous Hazardous Conditions", "Hazardous Conditions Chapter", "Texas Safety Chapter 756", "Health and Safety Code Chapter 756", "Safety Regulations for Hazardous Conditions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "757", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 757. POOL YARD ENCLOSURES", "url": "/statutes/HS/757.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/757.json", "summary": "This chapter tells owners of multi‑unit rental complexes or property owners associations with a pool to completely surround the pool yard with a fence that meets specific height and opening size rules. It also requires doors, windows, and gates that open onto the pool yard to have self‑closing, self‑latching, and appropriate lock devices, and sets inspection, repair, and maintenance duties with enforcement options for tenants and authorities.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to put a fence around a pool in an apartment building or condo complex?", "How tall must a pool fence be and what size openings are allowed?", "Can I use chain‑link fencing for a new pool enclosure?", "What kind of lock is required on a door that opens directly to a pool yard?", "Do sliding glass doors need special locks or bars if they open to a pool yard?", "How often must pool fence gates be inspected and maintained?", "Can a tenant force a landlord to fix a broken pool gate lock or latch?", "What penalties apply if a pool enclosure does not meet the required standards?", "Are there different rules for pool fences that were built before 1994?", "Can a building wall be used as part of the pool fence, and what window requirements apply?", "Who can enforce the pool enclosure rules and how?", "What are the requirements for windows that open onto a pool yard?" ], "issue_tags": [ "pool-fence", "rental-dwellings", "safety-locks", "inspection", "enforcement", "multiunit-housing" ], "synonyms": [ "pool yard enclosure requirements", "pool fence standards", "multiunit pool safety rules", "rental complex pool barrier regulations", "property owners association pool enclosure law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "758", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 758. BICYCLE SAFETY", "url": "/statutes/HS/758.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/758.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a state‑run bicycle safety education program, defines who must take a bike safety course, and outlines the fees and certification. It also creates a fund from course fees to cover program costs, help low‑income children get training and helmets, and specifies who can teach the courses.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to take a bicycle safety class before riding on public roads?", "Who is required to complete a bike safety course in Texas?", "How much can a bicycle safety course cost?", "Can a child under 10 years old take a bike safety class?", "What topics are taught in the bicycle safety education program?", "Who can become an instructor for the bike safety program?", "What does the bicycle safety fund pay for?", "Can low‑income families get help buying helmets through this program?", "What is the legal definition of a bicycle versus a tricycle?", "Are there any penalties for not following the bike safety rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "bicycle-safety", "education-program", "helmet-assistance", "public-right-of-way", "low-income-support" ], "synonyms": [ "bike safety regulations", "bicycle safety chapter", "Texas bike education program", "bicycle safety fund", "state bike safety law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "759", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 759. ROLLER-SKATING CENTERS", "url": "/statutes/HS/759.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/759.json", "summary": "This chapter establishes safety rules for public roller‑skating facilities in Texas. It requires operators to provide floor guards, keep the skating surface and equipment in good condition, post required signs, and follow a specific safety standard. It also tells skaters and spectators what behavior is expected and limits the operator’s liability to injuries caused by their own negligence.", "questions_answered": [ "What safety duties does a roller‑skating rink owner have in Texas?", "How many floor guards must a roller‑skating center provide per skater?", "What rules must roller skaters follow while inside a skating facility?", "What responsibilities do spectators have at a roller‑skating center?", "What equipment and surface maintenance is required for a roller‑skating rink?", "Which safety standards must a Texas roller‑skating center comply with?", "How is an operator’s liability limited if someone gets injured at a skating rink?", "What signage must be posted in a roller‑skating facility?", "Can a child be held responsible for breaking skating rules, and how is that judged?", "What qualifications or attire are required for floor guards at a skating center?" ], "issue_tags": [ "roller-skating", "facility-safety", "operator-duties", "liability", "spectator-rules", "floor-guard", "equipment-maintenance" ], "synonyms": [ "roller skating center regulations", "roller rink safety rules", "roller skating facility statutes", "public skating rink obligations", "roller rink operator requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "760", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 760. ICE SKATING CENTERS", "url": "/statutes/HS/760.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/760.json", "summary": "This chapter lays out safety and operational rules for public ice skating centers. It tells rink owners how many monitors they need, what signs and equipment must be maintained, and requires liability insurance. It also sets behavior standards for skaters, spectators, and children, and limits when operators can be held liable.", "questions_answered": [ "How many rink monitors must an ice skating center have for a given number of skaters?", "What safety signs and warnings must be posted in an ice skating center?", "Do ice skating center operators need to carry liability insurance, and how much?", "What are the responsibilities of a skater while using a public ice rink?", "What rules must spectators follow when watching ice skating?", "How is a child's conduct evaluated for safety violations at an ice rink?", "When can an ice skating center operator be held liable for injuries?", "What equipment and surfaces does an operator have to inspect and maintain?", "What duties does a rink monitor have, and how should they be identified?", "Which risk‑management guidelines must ice skating centers follow?", "Can a skater be sued for causing injury to others at a public rink?", "What legal process applies if someone sues an ice skating center operator?" ], "issue_tags": [ "ice-skating-center", "operator-duties", "skater-responsibilities", "spectator-rules", "liability", "safety-inspections" ], "synonyms": [ "ice rink regulations", "public skating center rules", "ice arena safety standards", "ice skating facility requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "762", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 762. CAMPGROUND SAFETY", "url": "/statutes/HS/762.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/762.json", "summary": "This chapter sets safety rules for campgrounds and RV parks, especially those with cabins located in floodplains. It requires emergency ladders, detailed evacuation plans for floods, tornadoes, wildfires, and other disasters, and mandates fire protection standards based on NFPA guidelines. Operators must share their emergency plans with local emergency managers, and those plans are kept confidential.", "questions_answered": [ "Do campgrounds need emergency ladders for cabins in flood zones?", "What evacuation plans must a campground have for floods, tornadoes, and wildfires?", "When must a campground evacuate versus shelter in place?", "Who must receive a copy of a campground’s emergency evacuation plan?", "Are campground fire safety rules different for government‑owned sites?", "What fire protection standards do campgrounds have to follow?", "How is a floodplain defined for a campground?", "Can a campground keep its emergency plan private from public disclosure?", "What triggers the implementation of a campground’s evacuation plan?", "Do RV parks have to follow the same safety rules as cabin campgrounds?", "Who is considered a campground operator under this law?", "Can a governmental entity set stricter fire or safety rules for a campground?" ], "issue_tags": [ "campground-safety", "floodplain-evacuation", "fire-protection-standards", "emergency-planning", "NFPA-compliance", "governmental-entity-exemptions" ], "synonyms": [ "campground safety regulations", "campgrounds emergency evacuation rules", "floodplain cabin safety requirements", "recreational vehicle park safety standards", "Texas campground safety code", "campgrounds fire protection standards" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "763", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 763. HUMAN TRAFFICKING PREVENTION TRAINING", "url": "/statutes/HS/763.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/763.json", "summary": "This chapter requires certain public safety employees—specifically fire protection and emergency medical services personnel—to complete an approved training course on recognizing, helping, and reporting victims of human trafficking. The Health and Human Services Commission, through its executive commissioner, must approve the courses, list them online, and ensure at least one free option is available.", "questions_answered": [ "Do firefighters have to take human trafficking training?", "Are EMTs required to complete a human trafficking course?", "What does \"first responder\" mean for this training requirement?", "Are volunteer emergency responders exempt from the training?", "When must first responders finish the human trafficking training?", "Who approves the human trafficking training courses in Texas?", "Is there a free human trafficking training course available for first responders?", "Where can I find the list of approved training courses?", "Can a hospital's training program be approved under this law?", "What topics must the training cover for first responders?", "How often must the training be refreshed or repeated?", "Which agency enforces the training requirement for first responders?" ], "issue_tags": [ "human-trafficking-training", "first-responder-education", "mandatory-training", "health-and-human-services", "public-safety" ], "synonyms": [ "human trafficking prevention training", "first responder trafficking course", "mandatory anti-trafficking training", "Texas human trafficking training law", "HHS commission training requirement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "763.v2", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 763. HUMAN TRAFFICKING PREVENTION TRAINING", "url": "/statutes/HS/763.v2.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/763.v2.json", "summary": "This chapter requires medical assistants in Texas to complete a state‑approved training on how to spot, help, and report victims of human trafficking. The Health and Human Services Commission must approve the courses, list them online, and include at least one free option. The rule sets a deadline for completion, which the commission will determine.", "questions_answered": [ "Do medical assistants have to take human trafficking training in Texas?", "When must a medical assistant finish the required training?", "Who decides which human trafficking courses are approved?", "Is there a free training course available for medical assistants?", "Where can I find the list of approved training courses?", "What definition of \"medical assistant\" does the law use?", "How does the law define \"human trafficking\" for this training purpose?", "What topics must the training cover for medical assistants?", "What happens if a medical assistant does not complete the training on time?", "Can health care facilities offer their own training for approval?" ], "issue_tags": [ "human-trafficking-training", "medical-assistant-education", "health-and-human-services", "training-approval", "victim-identification" ], "synonyms": [ "Human Trafficking Prevention Training for Medical Assistants", "Medical Assistant Human Trafficking Training Requirement", "HHSC Human Trafficking Training", "Texas medical assistant trafficking training", "Human trafficking education for health workers" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "765", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 765. CRIMINAL HISTORY RECORD INFORMATION CHECKS OF EMPLOYEES OF RESIDENTIAL DWELLING PROJECTS", "url": "/statutes/HS/765.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/765.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for landlords, property managers, and other owners of residential projects who want to check the criminal history of people they hire to work on the property. It requires the applicant’s consent, outlines the information the employer must provide to request the check, and makes the resulting record confidential and usable only for hiring decisions. The law also creates penalties for anyone who misuses or falsely reports that information, and it allows employers to fire workers who lie about their criminal past.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a landlord or property manager require a job applicant to disclose their criminal record?", "Do I have to give my criminal history to an employer who works on a residential building?", "What information does an employer need to submit to request a criminal background check?", "Is the criminal history information that a landlord receives kept private?", "What can happen if an employee lies about their criminal history on a job application?", "Can an employer check my criminal record after I have already been hired?", "Are there penalties if a property manager shares my background information with others?", "Does this law apply to employees who work for a tenant rather than the property owner?", "Which types of housing are covered by this background‑check rule (e.g., apartments, condos, hotels, B&Bs)?", "Is a background check required by law for residential employees, or is it optional?" ], "issue_tags": [ "background-checks", "residential-employment", "privacy", "criminal-history", "landlord-employee", "texas-law" ], "synonyms": [ "criminal history record checks for residential employees", "background screening for housing staff", "Texas residential employee background check law", "employer criminal record verification for dwellings" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "766", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 766. FIRE SAFETY IN RESIDENTIAL DWELLINGS", "url": "/statutes/HS/766.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/766.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for fire safety in Texas homes. It requires smoke detectors in single‑ and two‑family houses, lets buyers ask for special alarms for hearing‑impaired residents, and applies the same rules to fraternity or sorority houses. It also mandates fire‑sprinkler systems in tall residential buildings in certain large counties, outlines a phased installation schedule, and gives the state tools to enforce compliance and impose penalties.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to install smoke detectors in my one‑family home?", "What are the performance, location, and power requirements for smoke detectors in Texas houses?", "Can I require a seller to install smoke alarms for a hearing‑impaired family member?", "Who pays for the special hearing‑impaired smoke detectors in a home sale?", "Are fraternity or sorority houses required to have working smoke detectors?", "What fire safety information does the Texas Department of Insurance provide to homeowners?", "Do I need to test my smoke detectors every month and replace batteries every six months?", "Do residential high‑rise buildings need fire‑sprinkler systems in Texas?", "When must owners of high‑rise buildings built before 2015 install sprinklers on all floors?", "What happens if a building owner does not meet the sprinkler requirements?", "Who can bring an action to enforce the sprinkler rules for a residential high‑rise building?", "What fines or penalties apply for non‑compliance with the fire‑safety requirements?" ], "issue_tags": [ "fire-safety", "smoke-detectors", "hearing-impaired", "residential-sprinklers", "high-rise-buildings", "enforcement", "carbon-monoxide" ], "synonyms": [ "Residential fire safety regulations", "Smoke alarm requirements", "Home fire protection rules", "Texas fire safety code", "Residential sprinkler mandates", "Fire safety information program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "767", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 767. REGULATION OF CERTAIN GROUP HOMES", "url": "/statutes/HS/767.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/767.json", "summary": "This chapter explains what a Texas group home is, lists the types of places that are not covered by the rules, and sets requirements for owners to check criminal histories of staff. It also creates rules for people who refer residents to group homes, including when they can refer to an unlicensed home and the penalties for breaking the rules.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the legal definition of a group home in Texas?", "Which types of facilities are exempt from these group home rules?", "Do I need a state license to operate a group home?", "What criminal background checks must I run on employees or job applicants?", "Can I hire someone who has a misdemeanor or felony conviction?", "What penalty does an owner face for hiring a person with a disqualifying criminal record?", "What is a group home consultant and what can they do?", "Can a consultant refer a resident to an unlicensed group home?", "When is it allowed for a consultant to refer someone to an unlicensed home?", "What must a consultant tell a resident before making a referral to an unlicensed home?", "Are hotels, retirement communities, or monasteries required to follow these regulations?", "What services does a residence need to provide to be considered a group home under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "group-home-definition", "licensing-exemptions", "criminal-background-checks", "consultant-referrals", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "group home regulations", "Texas group home rules", "group residence statutes", "group home licensing requirements", "group home consultant rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "768", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 768. CHILDREN PARTICIPATING IN RODEOS", "url": "/statutes/HS/768.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/768.json", "summary": "This chapter sets safety rules for children under 18 who take part in rodeo activities in Texas. It requires kids to wear approved bull‑riding helmets and protective vests when bull riding, and it mandates that schools hosting rodeos provide a safety education program before the event. The state health department establishes the gear standards, and the law clarifies that failure to follow these rules does not create liability in civil suits.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my child ride a bull in Texas without a helmet or vest?", "What protective gear must a child wear for bull riding in Texas?", "Do schools have to give safety training before a rodeo that involves students?", "What does Texas law define as a 'child' for rodeo participation?", "Who decides the standards for bull‑riding helmets and protective vests?", "If my child is injured at a school rodeo, can I sue the school for not following safety rules?", "Are the safety‑gear requirements only for bull riding or for other rodeo events too?", "What is the deadline for a student to complete the required safety program before a school rodeo?", "Does the law apply to practice sessions outside of official rodeos?", "Can a parent be held responsible if their child rides without the required gear?", "Where can I find the official standards for rodeo helmets and vests?", "What agency enforces the child rodeo safety rules in Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-safety", "rodeo-gear", "school-rodeo", "texas-health-code", "protective-equipment", "bull-riding" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Rodeo Child Safety Act", "Child Participation in Rodeos regulations", "Rodeo safety for minors", "Bull riding helmet requirement", "School rodeo safety rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "769", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 769. SEXUALLY ORIENTED PERFORMANCES", "url": "/statutes/HS/769.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/769.json", "summary": "This chapter defines what counts as a sexually oriented performance and says that anyone who controls a commercial venue cannot allow such a show when anyone under 18 is present. If the rule is broken, the state can impose a civil fine of up to $10,000 per violation and the attorney general can sue to collect the fine or get a court order to stop the activity.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a nightclub host an adult show if minors are in the audience?", "What penalties apply if a bar allows a sexually explicit performance with a minor present?", "Who is responsible for stopping illegal adult shows in commercial venues?", "Can the state sue a venue for allowing a sexually oriented performance with a child there?", "What is the maximum civil fine for violating Texas rules on adult entertainment in a commercial space?", "Does the attorney general have the power to get an injunction against a venue that shows adult content to minors?", "Are there specific definitions for 'sexually oriented performance' and 'premises' in Texas law?", "Which courts can hear cases about illegal adult performances in commercial establishments?", "Can a venue be fined for each instance a minor is present during an adult show?", "What expenses can the state recover when it enforces the ban on adult performances with minors?", "Does this law apply to all commercial enterprises, like clubs, restaurants, and theaters?", "When did the prohibition on adult shows with minors become effective in Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "minor-protection", "adult-entertainment", "civil-penalty", "injunction", "commercial-premises", "texas-law" ], "synonyms": [ "Sexually oriented performance restrictions", "Adult performance regulations", "Minor protection in adult shows", "Texas adult entertainment law", "Commercial venue adult show ban" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "771", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 771. STATE ADMINISTRATION OF EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS", "url": "/statutes/HS/771.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/771.json", "summary": "This chapter creates and governs the Texas Commission on State Emergency Communications, which oversees 9‑1‑1 and next‑generation 9‑1‑1 services, sets performance standards, and manages funding through emergency service fees and surcharges. It directs how regional plans are developed, how fees are collected from telephone and wireless providers, and how complaints and public input are handled. The chapter also establishes programs for emergency medical dispatch and a pilot telemedicine project for rural trauma care. Liability protections for service providers and commission members are included.", "questions_answered": [ "Who makes the rules for Texas 9‑1‑1 and next‑generation 9‑1‑1 services?", "What is the emergency service fee and who has to pay it?", "How are 9‑1‑1 fees collected from landline and wireless telephone users?", "What does the Commission on State Emergency Communications do?", "How are regional 9‑1‑1 plans created and approved?", "Can the public comment on or file complaints about 9‑1‑1 services?", "What liability protections exist for 9‑1‑1 service providers and commission members?", "What is the emergency medical dispatch resource center program?", "How does the next‑generation 9‑1‑1 service fund work?", "When must all of Texas be covered by next‑generation 9‑1‑1?", "What are the rules for using prepaid wireless 9‑1‑1 fees?", "How are equalization surcharges calculated and used?" ], "issue_tags": [ "emergency-communications", "911-fees", "next-gen-911", "commission-structure", "regional-planning", "public-safety", "liability-protections", "emergency-medical-dispatch" ], "synonyms": [ "State Emergency Communications Commission", "Texas 9‑1‑1 system", "Emergency communications administration", "Emergency service fee regulations", "Next generation 911 program", "Emergency medical dispatch program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "771A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 771A. ACCESS TO EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES IN GENERAL", "url": "/statutes/HS/771A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/771A.json", "summary": "This chapter requires businesses that provide telephone or internet‑based phone services to set up their systems so users can dial 9‑1‑1 directly, without extra codes. It also mandates that, when possible, the system sends a notification to a central location when 9‑1‑1 is called. If compliance is too costly, a business can apply for a one‑year waiver and must post clear instructions on the phones. The state commission and local emergency districts oversee and can help with compliance.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need to dial a prefix or extra number before 9‑1‑1 on my office phone?", "Can my business phone system be configured to let users call 9‑1‑1 directly?", "What must a business do if its phone system can’t automatically send a 9‑1‑1 notification?", "How can a business obtain a waiver from the direct‑dial requirement?", "What information must be posted on phones if a waiver is granted?", "Who is responsible for enforcing the 9‑1‑1 direct‑dial rules for businesses?", "Does this rule apply to internet‑protocol (VoIP) phone systems as well as traditional landlines?", "What is an emergency communication district and how does it relate to this law?", "Can a business be fined or penalized for not complying with the 9‑1‑1 access requirement?", "What steps should a business take to prove it attempted to reprogram its system for compliance?" ], "issue_tags": [ "emergency-communications", "911-access", "business-telephone-systems", "waivers", "location-notification", "telecom-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "direct 911 dialing rule", "9-1-1 access requirements", "emergency call access statute", "Texas 911 direct access law", "business phone system 911 compliance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "772", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 772. LOCAL ADMINISTRATION OF EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS", "url": "/statutes/HS/772.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/772.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up local emergency communication districts that run 9‑1‑1 services, defines how they are governed, funded, and overseen, and establishes a small fee on telephone service to support the system. It outlines the duties of the board, director, and service providers, how fees are collected and used, and the rules for issuing bonds, public reviews, and dissolving districts. The law also details technical requirements like automatic number and location identification for 9‑1‑1 calls.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a county or city create a 9‑1‑1 emergency communication district?", "Who decides the 9‑1‑1 service fee and how is it calculated?", "What responsibilities does the board of managers have for a 9‑1‑1 district?", "How are 9‑1‑1 calls routed and how is caller location identified?", "What happens if a service provider fails to collect or remit the 9‑1‑1 fee?", "Can a 9‑1‑1 district issue bonds to fund equipment and how are those bonds repaid?", "What are the public review requirements for continuing or dissolving a 9‑1‑1 district?", "How are private safety entities (like fire or ambulance services) involved in 9‑1‑1 operations?", "What liability protections exist for service suppliers and equipment manufacturers?", "How are emergency calls from VoIP or mobile services handled under this chapter?", "What is the process for a municipality to leave a 9‑1‑1 district?", "How are number and location data kept confidential and who can access it?" ], "issue_tags": [ "emergency-communications", "911-districts", "service-fee", "governance", "public-safety", "bonds", "public-review" ], "synonyms": [ "9‑1‑1 Emergency Number Act", "emergency communication district", "local 9‑1‑1 service", "emergency telephone number law", "emergency communications district act" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "773", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 773. EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/HS/773.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/773.json", "summary": "The Emergency Health Care Act sets up Texas' system for emergency medical services, covering everything from ambulance licensing and personnel certification to trauma‑center designation and funding. It establishes standards for training, equipment, and operations, provides rules for confidentiality, epinephrine use, and volunteer participation, and creates a state‑wide plan and grant program to improve emergency and trauma care.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I become a certified emergency medical technician or paramedic in Texas?", "What are the licensing requirements for an ambulance or other emergency medical services vehicle?", "Can a fire fighter transport a patient in a non‑ambulance vehicle and what rules apply?", "What rules govern the use and administration of epinephrine auto‑injectors by EMS personnel?", "How are trauma facilities designated and what standards must they meet?", "What fees and penalties apply to emergency medical services providers and personnel?", "Are there exemptions or special rules for EMS providers operating in rural areas?", "What confidentiality protections exist for patient information handled by EMS crews?", "Can an EMS provider set up a subscription program to fund services and what bonds are required?", "What is the process for filing a complaint or disciplinary action against an EMS provider?" ], "issue_tags": [ "emergency-medical-services", "licensing-and-certification", "trauma-care", "confidentiality", "funding-and-grants", "rural-exemptions", "epinephrine-use" ], "synonyms": [ "Emergency Health Care Act", "Texas EMS law", "Emergency medical services regulations", "EMS licensing statutes", "Emergency medical services chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "774", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 774. LOCAL PROVISION OF EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/HS/774.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/774.json", "summary": "This chapter lets counties and cities work together to provide ambulance and emergency medical services when one can't do it alone. It also allows local governments to pay extra to EMTs for education, lets counties set up and charge for ambulance services, and permits police to secure scenes when ambulances from another area respond. Special rules cover agreements, fees, and care for indigent patients.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my city request ambulance services from a neighboring county during an emergency?", "What steps must a county take to set up its own emergency ambulance service?", "Is my municipality allowed to pay extra money to EMTs for additional training?", "What fees can a county charge for emergency ambulance transport?", "Are there provisions for providing ambulance service to people who can’t afford it?", "Can police officers from one city accompany an ambulance that’s responding to an incident outside that city?", "What kind of agreement is needed for mutual aid between a county and a municipality?", "How far can a municipality provide emergency medical services to another municipality?", "Can a county contract with a private ambulance company to provide services?", "What funding options does a county have for establishing and maintaining ambulance services?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mutual-assistance", "emergency-ambulance", "emt-incentive-pay", "local-government", "police-response", "indigent-care" ], "synonyms": [ "Local Emergency Medical Services Provision", "County Ambulance Services", "Municipal EMS Mutual Aid", "EMT Educational Incentive", "Emergency Ambulance Funding", "Police Accompanying Ambulance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "775", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 775. EMERGENCY SERVICES DISTRICTS", "url": "/statutes/HS/775.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/775.json", "summary": "Chapter 775 sets up Texas emergency services districts, which are local government units that provide fire protection, emergency medical, and related services. It explains how districts are created, governed, funded, and can be changed, merged, or dissolved. The chapter also covers the roles of district boards, fire marshals, and how taxes and fees are handled.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I start the process to create an emergency services district in my county?", "What signatures are needed on a petition to form a district that spans one or more counties?", "What steps must be taken to include a city or its extraterritorial area in a new district?", "How does the voting and election process work for approving a new emergency services district?", "What powers does the board of emergency services commissioners have over the district?", "How can a district change its boundaries or add new territory after it is created?", "What are the rules for consolidating two or more emergency services districts into one?", "How can a district be dissolved or have its tax rate reduced by voters?", "What responsibilities does a district fire marshal have, and how is the position filled?", "Can a district charge fees for fire hazards, false alarms, or hazardous material services?", "What are the requirements for a district to issue bonds or take out loans?", "How are conflicts of interest handled for board members and fire marshals?" ], "issue_tags": [ "emergency-services-district", "district-creation", "district-governance", "taxes-and-fees", "fire-marshal", "hazardous-materials", "district-consolidation", "district-dissolution" ], "synonyms": [ "Emergency Services Districts", "ESD", "Texas fire district law", "Chapter 775 emergency services", "Emergency services district statutes", "Local emergency services district" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "777", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 777. REGIONAL POISON CONTROL CENTERS", "url": "/statutes/HS/777.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/777.json", "summary": "This chapter creates six regional poison control centers across Texas and requires them to run a 24‑hour toll‑free hotline for the public and health professionals. It directs the Commission on State Emergency Communications to set standards, provide funding, and manage contracts, while also mandating community education, research, and coordination with health agencies. The law also gives liability protection to the centers and their staff.", "questions_answered": [ "Which poison control centers serve the different regions of Texas?", "How can I reach a poison control hotline after hours?", "What services does a Texas poison control center provide to the public and doctors?", "Do poison control centers offer education programs for schools or workplaces?", "Can 9‑1‑1 calls be routed to a poison control center for help with a poisoning?", "How are the poison control centers funded and what grants are available?", "Who decides which region each poison control center covers?", "What legal protection do poison control center employees have if they give advice?", "Can poison control centers conduct research on toxicology and poisoning treatments?", "Are services available for people who do not speak English?", "Can other states or countries contract Texas poison control services?", "How does the state share poison control data with public health agencies?" ], "issue_tags": [ "poison-control", "emergency-telehealth", "public-health", "toxicology", "state-funding", "regional-services" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Poison Control Program", "Regional Poison Control Centers", "State Poison Hotline", "Toxicology Assistance Services", "Poison Information Services" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "778", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 778. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE COMPACT", "url": "/statutes/HS/778.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/778.json", "summary": "The Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC) is an agreement that lets states, territories, and the District of Columbia share resources and personnel when a disaster or emergency is declared. It sets out how states request and provide aid, how costs are reimbursed, and how liability is handled, while also covering training exercises and evacuation plans. The compact can be joined or left by a state through legislation, and it works alongside federal agencies like FEMA.", "questions_answered": [ "How does my state request help from other states during a disaster?", "What kinds of emergencies are covered by the Emergency Management Assistance Compact?", "Can my state share National Guard units with another state under this compact?", "How are out‑of‑state licenses and certifications treated during an emergency?", "What liability protection do emergency responders have when they work in another state?", "How are costs and reimbursements handled for equipment and services provided across state lines?", "What procedures are used for evacuating civilians to another state during a large disaster?", "Can a state withdraw from the compact, and what is the process?", "What resources (people, equipment, supplies) can be loaned to another state under EMAC?", "How are training exercises and mutual‑aid drills coordinated between states?" ], "issue_tags": [ "emergency-management", "interstate-aid", "mutual-assistance", "disaster-response", "liability-immunity", "reimbursement", "evacuation" ], "synonyms": [ "Emergency Management Assistance Compact", "EMAC", "interstate emergency aid agreement", "state mutual aid compact", "emergency assistance compact" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "778A", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 778A. RECOGNITION OF EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES PERSONNEL LICENSURE INTERSTATE COMPACT (\\\"REPLICA\\\")", "url": "/statutes/HS/778A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/778A.json", "summary": "This chapter creates the EMS Personnel Licensure Interstate Compact, which lets emergency medical technicians, advanced EMTs, and paramedics licensed in one member state work in other member states without getting a new license. It sets rules for who can practice where, how disciplinary actions are shared, and how information about licenses and complaints is exchanged. The compact also establishes a commission to manage rules, a shared database, and special provisions for veterans and military spouses.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an EMT or paramedic licensed in another state work in my state?", "What is the EMS Personnel Licensure Interstate Compact (REPLICA) and how does it work?", "What does \"privilege to practice\" mean for EMS personnel under the compact?", "How are disciplinary actions or license suspensions handled when an EMS worker moves between states?", "Do veterans, active military members, or their spouses get special treatment for EMS licensure?", "Who oversees the EMS licensure compact and what is the Interstate Commission for EMS Personnel Practice?", "What information is shared between states about EMS licenses and complaints?", "What happens if my home state's EMS license is restricted or suspended?", "Can a state leave the EMS licensure compact and what is the process?", "How does the compact interact with the Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC) during a disaster?" ], "issue_tags": [ "ems-licensure", "interstate-compact", "privilege-to-practice", "adverse-action", "veteran-licensing", "commission-governance", "data-sharing" ], "synonyms": [ "EMS Personnel Licensure Interstate Compact", "REPLICA", "Recognition of Emergency Medical Services Personnel Licensure Compact", "Interstate EMS license agreement", "Emergency medical services licensure compact" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "779", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 779. AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATORS", "url": "/statutes/HS/779.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/779.json", "summary": "This chapter explains what an automated external defibrillator (AED) is and sets rules for anyone who owns, leases, or uses one. It requires monthly inspections, proper maintenance, and notification of the local emergency medical services about the device’s location. The law also gives doctors, trainers, and owners protection from civil lawsuits unless they act with willful or wanton negligence, and it does not apply to licensed hospitals.", "questions_answered": [ "What exactly counts as an automated external defibrillator?", "How often must I inspect and test my AED?", "What maintenance steps are required for an AED?", "Do I have to tell the local EMS where my AED is located?", "Am I protected from lawsuits if someone uses my AED and I wasn’t negligent?", "Can a non‑doctor purchase an AED that isn’t sold over the counter?", "What rules apply if I lease an AED instead of buying it?", "Are hospitals required to follow these AED rules?", "What should I do if my AED appears damaged?", "Do I need to be trained to be covered by the liability exemption?" ], "issue_tags": [ "automated-external-defibrillator", "aed-maintenance", "liability-immunity", "ems-notification", "device-possession", "hospital-exemption" ], "synonyms": [ "AED regulations", "defibrillator statutes", "Texas automated external defibrillator law", "emergency defibrillator rules", "automated external defibrillator requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "780", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 780. TRAUMA FACILITIES AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/HS/780.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/780.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a special state account to collect and spend money for trauma hospitals and emergency medical services in Texas. It tells how funds are deposited, how they must be divided among uncompensated trauma care, EMS support, administrative costs, and a reserve for emergencies, and it outlines rules for grants, reimbursements, and oversight. The chapter also describes how regional advisory councils help distribute the money and what happens if funds are misused.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas fund trauma hospitals and emergency medical services?", "What is the state trauma and EMS account and how is money put into it?", "What percentages of the trauma fund must be used for uncompensated care, EMS support, and administrative costs?", "Can a county keep unused trauma funds for the next year?", "What happens if a hospital or local agency misuses trauma grant money?", "How are ambulance purchases approved when they are funded by trauma grants?", "Who decides how the trauma fund money is allocated to hospitals and EMS providers?", "What role do trauma service area regional advisory councils play in distributing funds?", "How are provider reimbursement payments for trauma services funded?", "What is the emergency reserve for extraordinary emergencies and how is it funded?", "Can a hospital that is not yet designated as a trauma center receive funding?", "What are the penalties for violating the rules on spending trauma funds?" ], "issue_tags": [ "trauma-funding", "emergency-medical-services", "state-fund-management", "hospital-grants", "EMS-reimbursement", "trauma-designation", "fund-reserve" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Trauma Funding Act", "Trauma Facilities and EMS Funding Chapter", "State Trauma and EMS Account", "Trauma Care Funding Program", "Emergency Medical Services Funding Statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "784", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 784. CRITICAL INCIDENT STRESS MANAGEMENT AND CRISIS RESPONSE SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/HS/784.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/784.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a system to help police, firefighters, EMTs and other emergency workers deal with the intense stress they may feel after a disaster or crisis. It defines the services they can receive, keeps those sessions private, limits who can attend related meetings, and protects the providers from most lawsuits unless they act with intentional wrongdoing.", "questions_answered": [ "What is critical incident stress and how does it affect emergency workers?", "What kinds of support services are available for police, firefighters, EMTs, and other responders after a crisis?", "Are conversations with a crisis response team member kept confidential?", "Can a meeting about a critical incident be open to the public or anyone not involved?", "When can a court order the release of a confidential record from a stress management session?", "What exceptions allow a crisis responder to share information without breaching confidentiality?", "Am I protected from lawsuits if I provide stress‑management or crisis‑response services?", "What actions would make a crisis responder personally liable for damages?", "Can a deceased emergency worker’s records be disclosed without consent?", "Do I need to get permission from a responder before sharing their stress‑management records with others?" ], "issue_tags": [ "critical-incident-stress", "confidentiality", "liability", "emergency-services", "crisis-response", "closed-meetings" ], "synonyms": [ "Critical Incident Stress Management", "Crisis Response Services", "Emergency Responder Stress Support", "Critical Incident Counseling", "Stress Management for First Responders" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "785", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 785. SEARCH AND RESCUE DOGS", "url": "/statutes/HS/785.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/785.json", "summary": "This chapter makes it illegal for public places, transportation services, and rental housing in Texas to refuse entry or charge extra fees to a certified search and rescue dog or its handler. It sets a misdemeanor penalty for violations and allows handlers to be asked for proof of certification. Handlers must keep the dog leashed or harnessed and can be sued for injuries or property damage caused by the dog.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a public building deny entry to a search and rescue dog?", "Am I allowed to bring my certified SAR dog on a bus or train in Texas?", "Can a landlord charge extra rent for my search and rescue dog?", "What happens if a public facility refuses to let my SAR dog in?", "Do I have to show proof that I’m a certified SAR dog handler?", "What penalties apply if a business discriminates against a SAR dog or its handler?", "Am I liable if my SAR dog damages property while I’m on a public premises?", "Can a common carrier refuse to accept a SAR dog or its handler as a passenger?", "What are the responsibilities of a SAR dog handler while on public property?", "Is it illegal for a venue to have a policy that blocks SAR dogs from entering?" ], "issue_tags": [ "search-and-rescue-dogs", "discrimination", "public-facilities-access", "housing-access", "handler-responsibility", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "SAR dog nondiscrimination law", "search and rescue canine access statute", "Texas SAR dog rights", "search and rescue dog handler protections" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "786", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 786. SENIOR RETIREMENT COMMUNITIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/786.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/786.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for senior retirement communities in Texas. It defines what a senior community is, lists facilities that are exempt, and requires background checks for employees and contractors. Communities must keep a safety policy, promptly inform residents about criminal activity, and cannot punish residents for speaking with law enforcement. The chapter also limits liability for communities that follow these safety requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "What safety rules must senior retirement communities follow?", "Do senior retirement communities have to run criminal background checks on their staff?", "Are contractors hired by a senior community required to check their employees' criminal histories?", "What information must a senior community give residents about reported crimes or trespassing?", "How quickly must a senior community notify residents after a crime is reported?", "Can a senior community be held liable if it follows the safety and notice requirements?", "What types of facilities are exempt from these senior community rules?", "How many residential units are needed for a property to be considered a senior retirement community?", "What is considered a common amenity in a senior retirement community?", "Can a resident be penalized for talking to police or a social worker about safety concerns?", "Does the community have to allow law enforcement to interview residents in common areas?", "What does the senior retirement community contract need to disclose about safety policies?" ], "issue_tags": [ "senior-retirement-communities", "resident-safety", "criminal-background-checks", "exemptions", "crime-notice-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "Senior Retirement Community Regulations", "Senior Living Community Safety Rules", "Texas Senior Community Safety Chapter", "Senior Housing Safety Requirements", "Senior Community Contract Obligations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "791", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 791. FIRE ESCAPES", "url": "/statutes/HS/791.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/791.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas building owners when they must provide fire escapes, what the escapes must look like, how they are tested and inspected, and how they must be kept in good condition. It adds extra escape rules for schools, hospitals, hotels, warehouses and other public buildings, and sets penalties for blocking or failing to install a required fire escape.", "questions_answered": [ "When does a building in Texas have to install a fire escape?", "What kinds of fire escapes are allowed (stairway, chute, interior, exterior)?", "How far must a fire escape be placed from stairs, elevators, or other openings?", "Who is authorized to inspect and approve a fire escape?", "What load testing is required for a fire escape before it can be used?", "What are the size and railing requirements for balconies and stairs on a fire escape?", "Do schools have different fire‑escape requirements than other buildings?", "What extra fire escapes are needed for large hotels, warehouses, or other public facilities?", "What penalties apply if a fire escape is blocked or not installed as required?", "How often must a metal fire escape be painted or maintained?", "Can a window be used as an exit to a fire escape?", "Who can enforce the fire‑escape rules and bring legal action?" ], "issue_tags": [ "fire-escape-requirements", "building-safety", "school-fire-escapes", "inspection-and-testing", "penalties-enforcement", "fire-escape-specifications" ], "synonyms": [ "fire escape regulations", "fire escape code", "Texas fire escape standards", "fire escape requirements", "fire escape law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "792", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 792. SMOKE DETECTORS IN HOTELS", "url": "/statutes/HS/792.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/792.json", "summary": "This chapter makes it mandatory for hotels and similar lodging places to have a working smoke detector in every sleeping room. It also requires a certain number of special detectors that flash for guests who are hearing‑impaired, and sets out how hotels must respond to requests for those rooms. Failure to keep detectors in good order is treated as a misdemeanor, with a separate offense charged for each day the violation continues.", "questions_answered": [ "Do hotels have to install a smoke detector in every bedroom?", "What kind of smoke detector is required for guests who are deaf or hard of hearing?", "How many hearing‑impaired smoke detectors must a hotel provide?", "What must a hotel do if a guest asks for a room with a hearing‑impaired smoke detector?", "Can a hotel use a portable hearing‑impaired detector instead of a hard‑wired one?", "What are the penalties if a hotel’s smoke detectors are not working?", "Does the law apply to motels, hostels, and other lodging houses?", "Are hospitals and nursing homes required to follow these rules?", "Do the smoke detectors need to be approved or listed by the state fire marshal?", "Is there a limit on the maximum number of hearing‑impaired detectors a hotel must keep?", "Is each day of non‑compliance counted as a separate offense?", "What flashing intensity and rate are required for hearing‑impaired smoke detectors?" ], "issue_tags": [ "smoke-detectors", "hotel-safety", "hearing-impaired-access", "fire-code-compliance", "misdemeanor-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "hotel smoke detector requirements", "smoke alarm rules for lodging establishments", "hearing-impaired fire alarm provisions", "hotel fire safety standards", "smoke detector compliance for hotels" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "793", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 793. DISABLING FIRE EXIT ALARMS", "url": "/statutes/HS/793.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/793.json", "summary": "This chapter makes it a crime to intentionally stop a fire exit alarm from sounding when a fire exit is opened or attempted to be opened, unless you have permission from someone who controls the building. The offense is treated as a Class A misdemeanor. The law applies to any person who disables the alarm without proper authority.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I turn off a fire exit alarm if I think it's too loud?", "Is it illegal to tamper with a fire exit alarm in a building I work in?", "What are the penalties for disabling a fire exit alarm?", "Do I need permission to disable a fire exit alarm for maintenance?", "What counts as a fire exit alarm under the law?", "Can I disable a fire exit alarm during a drill?", "Who is allowed to control fire exit alarms in a building?", "What happens if I accidentally cause a fire exit alarm to fail?", "Is disabling a fire exit alarm considered a misdemeanor?", "Are there any exceptions for disabling fire exit alarms in emergencies?" ], "issue_tags": [ "fire-safety", "building-code", "alarm-tampering", "criminal-misdemeanor", "safety-violations" ], "synonyms": [ "Disabling fire exit alarms", "Fire exit alarm tampering", "Fire escape alarm sabotage", "Fire alarm interference", "Fire exit alarm disabling law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "795", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 795. USE OF CERTAIN FIRE TRUCKS", "url": "/statutes/HS/795.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/795.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for fire trucks used by volunteer or municipal fire departments. A truck must meet state operating standards and be certified to National Fire Protection Standards to be considered in good, dependable condition. The law also says that a truck’s age—whether it is 25 years old or older—cannot be used to block its use or to deny any benefits or insurance claims.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a fire department be forced to stop using a fire truck that is 25 years old or older?", "What does \"good and dependable condition\" mean for a fire truck?", "Do fire trucks need a special certification to be used by a fire department?", "Can an insurance policy deny a claim because the fire truck involved is old?", "Are there any age limits on fire trucks in Texas?", "Do volunteer fire departments have to follow the same equipment rules as municipal departments?", "Can a city ordinance or local rule ban the use of older fire trucks?", "What standards must a fire truck meet to be considered reliable?", "Who determines whether a fire truck meets the National Fire Protection Standards?", "Does a fire truck need to be less than 25 years old to qualify for insurance benefits?", "Can a contract restrict a fire department from using an older fire truck?", "What certification is required for a fire truck to be considered in good operating condition?" ], "issue_tags": [ "fire-truck-standards", "fire-department-regulation", "equipment-age-restrictions", "certification-requirements", "insurance-claims", "public-safety" ], "synonyms": [ "fire truck usage rules", "fire apparatus age restrictions", "fire department equipment standards", "fire truck certification requirements", "fire truck condition regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "796", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 796. CIGARETTE FIRE SAFETY STANDARDS", "url": "/statutes/HS/796.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/796.json", "summary": "This chapter sets fire‑safety rules for cigarettes sold in Texas. Manufacturers must test cigarettes for reduced ignition propensity, certify the results, and mark the packaging to show compliance. Retailers, wholesalers, and agents must follow the marking and inspection requirements, and manufacturers must keep test records and pay a certification fee. Violations can result in civil penalties, injunctions, and forfeiture of non‑compliant cigarettes.", "questions_answered": [ "What fire‑safety tests must cigarettes pass before they can be sold in Texas?", "Do manufacturers need to certify their cigarettes with the state fire marshal?", "How must cigarette packages be marked to show they meet Texas fire standards?", "How often must a cigarette be recertified for compliance?", "What penalties apply if a retailer or wholesaler sells cigarettes that don’t meet the fire safety standards?", "Can a cigarette be sold in Texas if it’s only being used for consumer testing?", "What records do manufacturers have to keep and for how long?", "Can cigarettes made for export or sale outside Texas be sold here without meeting the fire standards?", "Who is responsible for inspecting cigarette packaging for compliance?", "Are alternative test methods allowed if the standard test can’t be used?", "What fees are required for certification of each cigarette brand?", "Does a local government ordinance that conflicts with these standards have any effect?" ], "issue_tags": [ "fire-safety", "cigarette-standards", "certification", "packaging-marking", "testing", "penalties", "record-keeping" ], "synonyms": [ "reduced ignition propensity law", "cigarette fire safety standards", "Texas cigarette fire compliance", "fire‑safe cigarette regulations", "ignition propensity testing requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "797", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 797. PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS", "url": "/statutes/HS/797.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/797.json", "summary": "This chapter defines what a portable fire extinguisher is and sets rules for how the term can be used in sales and advertising. It requires that any device called a portable fire extinguisher must meet the NFPA Standard 10 (or a later equivalent standard) and be listed by an approved testing lab. The goal is to ensure that only properly tested and certified devices are marketed as fire extinguishers.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I call my aerosol fire suppression product a fire extinguisher in Texas?", "What definition does Texas law use for a portable fire extinguisher?", "Which safety standard must a portable fire extinguisher meet to be sold in Texas?", "Do I need a special listing or certification to advertise a fire extinguisher?", "What organization’s standards are referenced for fire extinguisher compliance?", "Can a fire suppression device that isn’t NFPA‑10 certified be marketed as a fire extinguisher?", "Who approves the testing laboratories that list fire extinguishers in Texas?", "Is there a deadline for when these fire extinguisher rules took effect?", "What types of fire extinguishers are covered by the law (liquid, powder, gas)?", "Are there penalties for mislabeling a fire suppression device as a portable fire extinguisher?" ], "issue_tags": [ "portable-fire-extinguishers", "product-labeling", "NFPA-standards", "advertising-compliance", "safety-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "portable fire extinguisher regulations", "fire extinguisher labeling rules", "Texas fire extinguisher standards", "portable extinguisher definition" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "810", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 810. INTERAGENCY REPORTABLE CONDUCT SEARCH ENGINE", "url": "/statutes/HS/810.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/810.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a searchable system that lets designated state agencies and approved users look up whether a person has been officially found to have committed abuse, neglect, exploitation, or other misconduct. The information helps agencies decide if someone can be hired, contracted, licensed, or certified to work with children, disabled, or elderly clients. It also outlines who may access the system, what data is shown, and requires agencies to run searches before making employment or licensing decisions while keeping the data confidential.", "questions_answered": [ "How do state agencies check if a job applicant has a history of abuse or neglect?", "Who is allowed to use the Texas reportable conduct search engine?", "What information will appear in a search result for someone with reportable conduct?", "Do agencies have to run a search before hiring someone who works with vulnerable populations?", "Can a person be denied a license or certification based on a reportable conduct finding?", "What privacy protections apply to the data in the search engine?", "How are users given and revoked access to the search system?", "Are private schools required to use the reportable conduct search engine?", "What types of agencies must participate in the interagency search system?", "Can an individual request a hearing if they are denied a job because of a reportable conduct finding?" ], "issue_tags": [ "interagency-search", "reportable-conduct", "eligibility-check", "confidentiality", "licensing", "hiring" ], "synonyms": [ "reportable conduct database", "interagency abuse lookup", "Texas background check system for vulnerable client workers", "state employee misconduct search engine" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "811", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 811. EMPLOYMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTAIN FACILITIES TO PREVENT PHYSICAL OR SEXUAL ABUSE OF CHILDREN", "url": "/statutes/HS/811.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/811.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas state agencies, counties and cities that run residential treatment centers, juvenile detention facilities, or homeless shelters to check the criminal history of anyone who might work directly with children—including employees, volunteers, and contractors. It bars people with convictions for physical or sexual abuse of a child from being hired or kept on, and requires the facilities to train staff on recognizing and reporting abuse and on maintaining appropriate relationships with children.", "questions_answered": [ "Do residential treatment facilities have to run background checks on all staff and volunteers?", "What kinds of facilities are covered by this Texas law?", "Can a shelter hire a volunteer who has a past arrest for child abuse?", "What criminal convictions automatically disqualify someone from working with children?", "How often must facilities update criminal history information for employees?", "What training must staff receive to recognize and report child abuse?", "Are independent contractors subject to the same background‑check rules as employees?", "Can a facility keep a confidentiality clause that hides a worker’s abuse history from future employers?", "Which government entities must enforce these requirements?", "What does “direct contact with a child” include under this law?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-protection", "background-checks", "employment-verification", "abuse-prevention", "training-requirements", "juvenile-facilities" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas child‑abuse employment rules", "Background‑check requirements for child‑care facilities", "Employment verification for youth services", "Child safety staffing standards", "Abuse prevention training mandates" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "821", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 821. TREATMENT AND DISPOSITION OF ANIMALS", "url": "/statutes/HS/821.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/821.json", "summary": "Chapter 821 sets rules for how animals must be cared for when they are impounded, how live birds should be housed, and how authorities can seize and dispose of animals that have been cruelly treated. It also outlines approved methods and training for euthanizing shelter animals and establishes standards for restraining dogs outdoors, including penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "What food and water must be provided to an animal that is impounded?", "Can someone be held responsible if an impounded animal goes without food or water for more than 12 hours?", "What are the requirements for housing live birds that are received for transport or confinement?", "How can a peace officer seize an animal that is believed to be cruelly treated?", "What options does a court have for disposing of an animal found to be cruelly treated?", "How can an animal owner appeal a court order that takes away their animal?", "What methods are allowed for euthanizing dogs, cats, birds, and reptiles in an animal shelter?", "Do shelter staff need special training before they can perform euthanasia, and what does that training cover?", "What types of restraints for dogs are prohibited when the dog is left unattended outdoors?", "What shelter or water requirements must be met for a dog that is restrained outside?", "Are there any exceptions to the dog restraint rules for activities like hunting, farming, or camping?", "What penalties apply if someone violates the dog restraint provisions?" ], "issue_tags": [ "animal-impoundment", "cruel-animal-disposition", "euthanasia-guidelines", "dog-restraint", "animal-welfare", "shelter-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "Treatment and Disposition of Animals", "Texas animal treatment law", "Animal impoundment rules", "Cruelty-to-animals provisions", "Dog restraint regulations", "Euthanasia guidelines for shelters" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "822", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 822. REGULATION OF ANIMALS", "url": "/statutes/HS/822.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/822.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out Texas rules for dealing with dogs that bite or threaten people, including how dangerous dogs must be registered, secured, insured, and possibly destroyed. It also lets local governments require leashes, tags, and registration fees, and it creates procedures for seizing, hearing, and appealing decisions. Additionally, the chapter governs the registration, care, insurance, and liability for dangerous wild animals such as big cats and bears.", "questions_answered": [ "What must I do if my dog bites someone and causes serious injury?", "Do I have to register my dog in my county, and how do I get a tag?", "What are the requirements for owning a dangerous dog in Texas?", "Can a dangerous dog be released after a bite if the owner complies with the law?", "What defenses are available if my dog attacks someone?", "What penalties apply for letting a dog run at large or for not registering it?", "How are dogs or coyotes that attack livestock handled?", "Do I need a certificate to own a dangerous wild animal like a tiger or bear?", "What insurance coverage is required for a dangerous wild animal?", "How can I appeal a determination that my dog is a dangerous dog?" ], "issue_tags": [ "dog-attack", "dangerous-dog", "animal-registration", "wildlife-regulation", "liability-insurance", "animal-control" ], "synonyms": [ "dog attack regulations", "dangerous dog statutes", "animal control rules", "dog registration law", "wild animal registration", "dangerous wildlife regulations", "Texas animal control code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "823", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 823. ANIMAL SHELTERS", "url": "/statutes/HS/823.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/823.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules that Texas animal shelters must follow, covering how animals are housed, separated, and cared for, and requiring yearly veterinary inspections and record keeping. It also mandates scanning for microchips, creates advisory committees, and outlines penalties and enforcement options for violations, with some exemptions for small counties, veterinary clinics, and livestock facilities.", "questions_answered": [ "What housing and sanitation standards do Texas animal shelters have to meet?", "How must shelters separate animals by species, sex, or size?", "Are shelters allowed to keep healthy animals with sick or injured ones?", "How often does a shelter need a veterinarian to inspect the facility?", "What records must an animal shelter keep and how long must they be available?", "Do animal shelters have to scan for microchips when they take in an animal?", "Which types of facilities are exempt from these shelter rules?", "What penalties can be imposed if a shelter violates the standards?", "Can a county enforce the animal shelter rules, and are there limits on that authority?", "What is the role of an advisory committee for a shelter’s compliance?" ], "issue_tags": [ "animal-shelter-standards", "veterinary-inspections", "microchip-scanning", "civil-penalties", "exemptions", "advisory-committee", "enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas animal shelter regulations", "Animal shelter compliance rules", "Shelter standards under the Health and Safety Code", "Animal impoundment requirements", "State animal shelter guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "824", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 824. KENNELS", "url": "/statutes/HS/824.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/824.json", "summary": "This chapter defines what counts as a kennel, lists the few types of facilities that are exempt, and requires owners to give written notice and get signed consent before leaving boarded dogs or cats unattended. It also sets civil penalties for violations and allows the state to collect those fines.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to have a fire sprinkler system in my kennel?", "Can I leave a boarded dog or cat alone without any staff present?", "What written notice must I give pet owners before leaving their animal unattended?", "What kind of consent do I need from the pet owner, and how should it be documented?", "Are small kennels that board three or fewer animals exempt from these rules?", "Does a veterinary clinic that offers boarding count as a kennel under this law?", "Are animal shelters required to follow the same unattended‑animal rules as kennels?", "What penalties could I face if I violate the unattended‑animal requirement?", "How is the civil penalty calculated per animal and per day?", "Who can bring a lawsuit to collect the penalty and attorney’s fees?" ], "issue_tags": [ "kennel-regulations", "animal-boarding", "consent-requirements", "fire-safety", "civil-penalties", "texas-health-code" ], "synonyms": [ "Kennel licensing rules", "Pet boarding consent law", "Texas kennel statutes", "Boarding facility regulations", "Animal boarding rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "825", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 825. PREDATORY ANIMALS AND ANIMAL PESTS", "url": "/statutes/HS/825.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/825.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up how Texas works with federal agencies to control predators like coyotes and mountain lions, and rodent pests such as prairie dogs and rats. It explains how state and local funds can be used, how traps and furs are handled, and limits bounties and penalties for tampering or theft. It also lets counties buy poison for pest control and allows certain cities to manage coyotes within their limits.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas cooperate with federal agencies to control predators and rodent pests?", "Can my county pay a bounty for killing wolves, coyotes, or other predatory animals?", "What are the rules for selling or donating furs and skins taken under this program?", "Is it illegal to tamper with or steal traps set for predator control?", "What penalties apply if someone steals an animal from a trap?", "Can a county purchase poison to kill prairie dogs, gophers, or other listed pests?", "What notice must a county give before making poison available to the public?", "Who owns an animal that is taken from a trap set under this program?", "Are there limits on how much a bounty can be for each animal?", "Can a municipality with a high population density capture, relocate, or euthanize a coyote?", "Do state or federal laws override the bounty or trap provisions in this chapter?", "What responsibilities do landowners, tenants, or lessees have for pest control on their property?" ], "issue_tags": [ "predatory-animal-control", "rodent-pest-management", "county-bounties", "trap-tampering", "poison-purchase", "municipal-coyote-management", "state-federal-cooperation" ], "synonyms": [ "Chapter 825 of the Health and Safety Code", "Texas predatory animal and pest control statutes", "Predatory Animals and Animal Pests chapter", "Texas animal pest control law", "Predator and rodent control provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "826", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 826. RABIES", "url": "/statutes/HS/826.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/826.json", "summary": "This chapter creates Texas's rabies control program. It requires dogs and cats to be vaccinated and registered, sets rules for restraining and impounding animals, and gives local governments authority to enforce these standards. It also outlines how suspected rabid animals are quarantined, how outbreaks are handled, and the penalties for non‑compliance.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to vaccinate my dog or cat against rabies in Texas?", "What is the deadline for getting my pet vaccinated and how often must it be repeated?", "Can my local county or city require me to register my dog or cat?", "What are the penalties if I fail to vaccinate or register my pet?", "Who is the local rabies control authority and what are their duties?", "What should I do if my pet is suspected of having rabies or has bitten someone?", "How does Texas handle a rabies outbreak in a specific area?", "Are police service animals exempt from quarantine requirements?", "Can a veterinarian sell or distribute rabies vaccine to the public?", "What are the rules for restraining, impounding, or disposing of stray dogs and cats?" ], "issue_tags": [ "rabies-control", "pet-vaccination", "animal-registration", "quarantine", "local-authorities", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Rabies Control Act", "Texas rabies law", "Rabies Control Chapter", "Rabies vaccination requirements", "Animal rabies statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "828", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 828. DOG AND CAT STERILIZATION", "url": "/statutes/HS/828.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/828.json", "summary": "This chapter requires that any dog or cat adopted from a shelter be spayed or neutered, either before adoption or within a set time after adoption. It outlines the paperwork owners must submit to prove the procedure was done, allows extensions for health reasons, and sets penalties for non‑compliance. The law also creates a fund to help provide low‑cost sterilization services and lists specific exemptions.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to sterilize a dog or cat I adopt from a shelter?", "What is the deadline for having my adopted pet sterilized?", "What forms or letters do I need to give the shelter after my pet is sterilized?", "What should I do if my adopted animal dies before the sterilization deadline?", "Can I be charged a criminal misdemeanor for not meeting the sterilization requirement?", "Are there any situations where the sterilization rule does not apply to me?", "Can a veterinarian delay the sterilization if it would harm the animal’s health?", "Who is allowed to perform the spay or neuter surgery or procedure?", "Is there state funding available for low‑cost or free sterilization services?", "What happens if I fail to send the required paperwork to the shelter on time?" ], "issue_tags": [ "dog-sterilization", "cat-sterilization", "shelter-adoption", "spay-neuter", "veterinary-regulation", "animal-welfare" ], "synonyms": [ "dog and cat spay/neuter law", "shelter sterilization requirements", "mandatory pet sterilization statute", "Texas animal sterilization chapter", "adoption sterilization rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "829", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 829. ANIMAL CONTROL OFFICER TRAINING", "url": "/statutes/HS/829.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/829.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for training animal control officers in Texas. It requires new officers to complete a basic course and all officers to earn continuing education credits, outlines the curriculum topics, and details how courses are offered, certified, and funded. Small counties with fewer than 75,000 residents can choose to opt out of these requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need to take a training course to work as an animal control officer in Texas?", "How many hours of basic training are required for a new animal control officer?", "What subjects must be covered in the required animal control training?", "How often must I complete continuing education as an animal control officer?", "Can a county with a small population be exempt from the training rules?", "Who provides the animal control training courses and how often are they offered?", "Is there a fee I have to pay for the training or for receiving a certificate?", "What documentation do I receive after completing the animal control course?", "What are the requirements for an animal shelter to get a facility certificate?", "Can I take legal action if the training requirements are not followed?" ], "issue_tags": [ "animal-control-training", "continuing-education", "certification", "county-exemption", "training-fees", "curriculum-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "animal control officer training requirements", "Texas animal control certification", "animal control education standards", "basic animal control course", "continuing education for animal control officers" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "841", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 841. CIVIL COMMITMENT OF SEXUALLY VIOLENT PREDATORS", "url": "/statutes/HS/841.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/841.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a civil commitment system for people Texas labels as sexually violent predators. It defines who qualifies, creates a multidisciplinary team to assess risk, and outlines a court process that can lead to long‑term treatment and supervision. The law also details how the committed person is monitored, what conditions they must follow, how they can seek release, and who pays for the services.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a sexually violent predator under Texas law?", "How does Texas decide if someone should be civilly committed as a sexually violent predator?", "What steps must be taken before a person is placed in civil commitment?", "Can a person who cannot afford a lawyer get one in these proceedings?", "What treatment and supervision requirements are imposed on a committed person?", "How does the tracking service work and when is it required?", "What happens if a committed person breaks a condition of their commitment?", "How often are committed persons reviewed for possible release?", "How can a committed person petition to be released from civil commitment?", "Who is responsible for paying the costs of treatment and supervision?", "What role does the Texas Civil Commitment Office play in this process?", "Are there any criminal penalties for violating civil commitment requirements?" ], "issue_tags": [ "civil-commitment", "sex-offender-treatment", "behavioral-abnormality", "release-procedures", "tracking-requirements", "legal-rights", "costs" ], "synonyms": [ "Sexually Violent Predator (SVP) civil commitment", "Texas SVP law", "civil confinement of sex offenders", "behavioral abnormality commitment", "sex offender treatment program", "SVP commitment process" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "1001", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 1001. DEPARTMENT OF STATE HEALTH SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/HS/1001.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/1001.json", "summary": "Chapter 1001 creates and governs the Texas Department of State Health Services, giving it authority over public health, disease prevention, health promotion, licensing, and related programs. It defines the department’s leadership, advisory councils, personnel rules, complaint processes, and the ability to issue grants and collect health data. The chapter also outlines specific initiatives such as mental‑health first aid training, child‑abuse medical grants, maternal‑mortality reporting, and opioid‑overdose data collection.", "questions_answered": [ "Which state agency is responsible for disease prevention and health promotion in Texas?", "Who appoints the commissioner and what qualifications are required for the department’s leader?", "How can I file a complaint against the Department of State Health Services and what will happen after I file it?", "What public health powers does the department have, such as licensing and disease control?", "How does Texas provide mental‑health first aid training for school staff and other workers?", "What grant programs exist for improving medical assessment of child abuse and neglect?", "Where can I find information on how Texas reports and investigates pregnancy‑related deaths?", "What data does the department collect on opioid overdose deaths and co‑occurring substance‑use disorders?", "How does the department share health‑insurance exchange information with eligible Texans?", "What is the role of the chief state epidemiologist and how is that office organized?", "How are advisory committees formed and what purpose do they serve for the health department?", "What rules govern hiring, merit pay, and equal‑employment opportunities for department staff?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-department", "public-health", "mental-health", "substance-abuse", "complaints", "grants", "data-collection", "training-programs" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Department of State Health Services", "DSHS", "State Health Services", "Texas Health Department", "Department of Health", "State Health Services Council", "Health and Human Services Commission" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "1003", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 1003. ADULT STEM CELLS", "url": "/statutes/HS/1003.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/1003.json", "summary": "This chapter creates rules for adult stem cell banks and sets standards for using adult stem cells in health care, especially experimental treatments for severe chronic or terminal illnesses. It requires that stem cells be properly made and stored, that physicians get written patient consent, and that an institutional review board oversee the treatment. The law also establishes a registry of doctors who provide these investigational therapies and protects physicians from license actions when they follow the rules.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a hospital use adult stem cells for a patient’s treatment?", "What must a doctor do to give an investigational adult stem cell therapy?", "Do I need to sign a special consent form before receiving a stem cell treatment?", "Which diseases qualify as severe chronic or terminal illnesses for stem cell trials?", "How does Texas regulate the creation and operation of adult stem cell banks?", "Who oversees and approves the use of investigational stem cell treatments in Texas?", "Can a physician be disciplined for recommending an investigational stem cell therapy?", "Can a state agency block a patient’s access to an adult stem cell treatment?", "What records must be kept for each patient who receives an investigational stem cell treatment?", "Is there a public list of doctors who are allowed to administer investigational stem cell therapies?" ], "issue_tags": [ "adult-stem-cells", "investigational-therapy", "patient-consent", "hospital-use", "regulatory-oversight", "severe-chronic-disease", "medical-board" ], "synonyms": [ "adult stem cell regulations", "Texas stem cell law", "investigational stem cell treatment rules", "adult stem cell banking rules", "stem cell therapy guidelines", "Texas adult stem cell statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "HS", "code_name": "Health and Safety Code", "chapter": "1101", "title": "HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE CHAPTER 1101. ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH, AND SAFETY AUDIT PRIVILEGE ACT", "url": "/statutes/HS/1101.md", "json_url": "/statutes/HS/1101.json", "summary": "This chapter gives a legal privilege that keeps the results of voluntary environmental, health, and safety audits confidential and out of court or administrative discovery. It also offers immunity from civil or administrative penalties when a facility voluntarily reports a violation, as long as certain notice and timing rules are followed. The law sets out how the privilege can be waived, when a court can order disclosure, and what exceptions apply.", "questions_answered": [ "What does the environmental audit privilege protect?", "Can I be forced to share my audit report in a lawsuit?", "When does a voluntary disclosure of a violation give me immunity from penalties?", "What notice do I need to give before starting an environmental audit?", "How long do I have to finish an audit after I start it or after I buy a facility?", "Can I waive the audit privilege, and how does that happen?", "What kinds of audit information are still public or required by regulators?", "Can a court order part of an audit report to be released, and under what circumstances?", "What are the penalties if I claim the privilege but it’s not actually protected?", "Does the privilege apply to audits done before I own a facility?", "What exceptions remove immunity for certain violations?", "How do I label privileged documents to keep the protection?" ], "issue_tags": [ "audit-privilege", "voluntary-disclosure", "environmental-compliance", "regulatory-immunity", "confidentiality", "acquisition-audit" ], "synonyms": [ "Environmental Health and Safety Audit Privilege Act", "Texas audit privilege law", "audit confidentiality statute", "voluntary compliance incentive", "audit privilege statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "30", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 30. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/30.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/30.json", "summary": "Chapter 30 of the Texas Insurance Code explains why the insurance statutes are organized the way they are, how they should be read, and what terms mean. It also tells you that local governments cannot make rules that conflict with the insurance code unless another law specifically allows it. The chapter is part of a larger effort to keep the statutes clear, up‑to‑date, and easy to cite.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the purpose of the Texas Insurance Code and the related titles?", "How are the insurance statutes arranged and numbered?", "Which law tells courts how to interpret the insurance code provisions?", "Does the definition of “person” from the Government Code apply to the insurance code?", "How are references to statutes that have been revised by the insurance code handled?", "Can a city or county create its own insurance regulations that differ from the state code?", "What does the preemption rule mean for local ordinances about insurance?", "When were the general provisions of the insurance code added or amended?", "What is the statutory revision program mentioned in the code?", "Where can I find the rules about constructing insurance statutes in Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-code", "statutory-revision", "preemption", "code-construction", "definition-of-person", "local-government" ], "synonyms": [ "General Provisions of the Texas Insurance Code", "Insurance Code Chapter 30", "Texas Insurance Code preemption rules", "Statutory revision program for insurance statutes", "Purpose and construction provisions of the Insurance Code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "31", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 31. ORGANIZATION OF DEPARTMENT", "url": "/statutes/IN/31.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/31.json", "summary": "Chapter 31 sets up the Texas Department of Insurance, outlining its duties like regulating insurance, running workers' compensation, and protecting consumers. It describes the commissioner’s role, how they are appointed, qualified, paid, and can be removed, as well as staff hiring and equal‑employment policies. The chapter also includes a sunset provision that could end the department in 2029 unless renewed.", "questions_answered": [ "What are the main responsibilities of the Texas Department of Insurance?", "Who appoints the Texas insurance commissioner and how long do they serve?", "What qualifications are required to become the insurance commissioner?", "Can the insurance commissioner run for another elected office while in office?", "What are the grounds for removing the insurance commissioner from their position?", "What training must the insurance commissioner complete after taking office?", "How does the department handle hiring and qualifications for its staff?", "What policies does the department have for equal employment opportunity?", "When does the Texas Department of Insurance face a sunset review?", "Who defends the commissioner in lawsuits arising from official actions?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-insurance-department", "commissioner-qualifications", "department-structure", "consumer-protection", "workers-compensation", "employment-policy", "sunset-provision" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Department of Insurance organization", "Insurance commissioner duties", "Chapter 31 Texas Insurance Code", "Department of Insurance structure", "Insurance department governance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "32", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 32. ADMINISTRATIVE POWERS AND DUTIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/32.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/32.json", "summary": "This chapter tells how the Texas Department of Insurance keeps and shares its records, files annual and biennial reports, and provides a public website that compares home and auto insurance options. It also sets rules for insurers to supply information, for the department to issue certified copies, and for advisory committees that help the commissioner.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I obtain a certified copy of an insurance company's articles of incorporation?", "What annual reports does the Texas Department of Insurance have to file with the governor and legislature?", "Where can I find a website that compares residential property and personal automobile insurance policies in Texas?", "Are insurers required to tell policyholders about the department’s consumer information website?", "What information does the department publish after examining an insurance company?", "How does the department share insurance company data with other states?", "What forms does the department provide to insurance companies for required statements?", "What rules govern the advisory committees that assist the insurance commissioner?", "How does the department report premium and loss data for insurers?", "Can I request the department’s record of its own proceedings?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-records", "annual-reports", "consumer-website", "insurer-duties", "advisory-committees", "certified-copies" ], "synonyms": [ "Administrative Powers and Duties", "Texas Insurance Department administrative rules", "Insurance code chapter 32", "Dept. of Insurance record-keeping provisions", "Insurance administrative duties" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "33", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 33. STANDARDS OF CONDUCT", "url": "/statutes/IN/33.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/33.json", "summary": "This chapter lays out ethical rules for the Texas Department of Insurance, especially the commissioner and department staff. It blocks people who have ownership, employment, or financial ties to insurance companies, trade associations, or lobbying activities from being appointed or working in certain department positions. It also prevents former officials from representing others before the department for a year after they leave. The chapter enforces the state’s broader ethics code for department employees.", "questions_answered": [ "Can someone who owns part of an insurance company be appointed as Texas insurance commissioner?", "Am I allowed to work for the Department of Insurance if my spouse works for an insurance broker?", "Do I have to give up my job with an insurance trade association before I can become a department employee?", "Can a former insurance commissioner represent a client before the department after leaving office?", "Is a person who is registered as an insurance agent eligible to be hired by the Department of Insurance?", "Are lobbyists prohibited from serving as the insurance commissioner or as the department’s general counsel?", "What conflicts of interest disqualify a person from serving as commissioner of the Texas Department of Insurance?", "Can an employee of a trade association in the insurance field hold a high‑salary position in the department?", "Do former members of the State Board of Insurance have restrictions on representing others before the department?", "Are there rules that prevent someone who lives with an insurance industry manager from being hired by the department?" ], "issue_tags": [ "conflict-of-interest", "ethics", "insurance-commissioner", "lobbying-restrictions", "employment-prohibitions", "former-officials" ], "synonyms": [ "Insurance Department ethics rules", "Texas insurance commissioner conflict of interest provisions", "Department of Insurance standards of conduct", "Insurance code ethics chapter", "TX Dept of Insurance conduct standards" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "34", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 34. IMMUNITY FROM LIABILITY", "url": "/statutes/IN/34.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/34.json", "summary": "This chapter gives Texas Department of Insurance officials and certain other parties protection from civil lawsuits when they act in good faith, provide information about suspected insurance fraud, conduct investigations, or use data from annual statements. The immunity does not apply if the person acts with malice, corruption, or bad faith, and it does not change any other existing legal privileges. It also allows successful defendants to recover attorney’s fees if the lawsuit was not substantially justified.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a Texas insurance commissioner be sued for actions taken while performing official duties?", "Am I protected from a civil lawsuit if I give information about suspected insurance fraud to the Texas Department of Insurance?", "Does this law shield me from libel or slander claims when I report fraud to law enforcement or the NAIC?", "What immunity do Texas insurance investigators have when they publish reports about alleged violations?", "If I collect and share data from insurance companies' annual statements, can I be sued for defamation?", "When does the immunity provided by this chapter not apply?", "Can I recover attorney’s fees if I am sued for providing fraud‑related information and the suit is found to be unjustified?", "Does this chapter affect other legal privileges or immunities I might have?", "Are employees of the Texas Department of Insurance personally liable for damages caused by their official acts?", "What protections exist for people who disseminate fraud information orally or in writing?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-insurance-immunity", "civil-liability-protection", "fraud-reporting-immunity", "insurance-investigation-immunity", "annual-statement-immunity", "good-faith-immunity" ], "synonyms": [ "Insurance Code Chapter 34", "Immunity from Liability", "Texas Department of Insurance immunity provisions", "Section 34 Texas Insurance Code", "Insurance commissioner liability protection" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "35", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 35. ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/35.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/35.json", "summary": "This chapter lets insurance companies and related entities conduct business and send required notices, policies, and other documents electronically, as long as they follow specific consent and disclosure rules. It outlines how parties must agree to electronic delivery, what information they must receive before consenting, how they can withdraw consent, and how electronic signatures are treated. The rules also cover plan sponsors, hardware/software requirements, and the need to provide paper copies for certain notices.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my insurance company send me policy documents and notices by email or through an online portal?", "Do I have to agree to receive insurance communications electronically, or can I keep getting paper copies?", "What information must the insurer give me before I consent to electronic delivery of my insurance documents?", "How can I withdraw my consent or request paper copies after I have agreed to electronic delivery?", "What happens if my computer or phone can no longer access the electronic insurance documents I receive?", "Are electronic signatures on insurance contracts and policies legally valid in Texas?", "Can a health‑benefit plan sponsor give consent for me to receive electronic communications on my behalf?", "Do I still receive a paper notice if my insurance policy is cancelled or terminated?", "What hardware or software do I need to view and keep electronic insurance documents?", "If I never gave explicit consent, can the insurer still send me electronic notices as long as I didn’t opt out?" ], "issue_tags": [ "electronic-delivery", "insurance-consent", "digital-communications", "electronic-signatures", "policy-notices", "plan-sponsor", "regulatory-compliance" ], "synonyms": [ "Electronic Transactions in Insurance", "Electronic delivery rules for insurers", "Insurance electronic communications", "Digital insurance transactions", "Electronic insurance delivery statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "36", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 36. DEPARTMENT RULES AND PROCEDURES", "url": "/statutes/IN/36.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/36.json", "summary": "This chapter gives the Texas Insurance Commissioner the power to create and adopt rules needed to run the insurance department, sets limits on those rules, and outlines how routine matters can be handled quickly. It also describes the commissioner’s ability to issue subpoenas, keep investigation files confidential, and provides the process for judicial review and appeals of commissioner actions.", "questions_answered": [ "Can the Texas Insurance Commissioner create new rules without the legislature’s approval?", "What kinds of rules can the commissioner adopt to implement federal or national insurance standards?", "How does the department handle routine matters faster than the normal administrative process?", "What is the process for a person to appeal a decision made by the insurance commissioner?", "Can the commissioner issue a subpoena to require witnesses or records, and how is it enforced?", "Are investigation files and other records kept by the department public or confidential?", "What protections exist for privileged or confidential information in insurance investigations?", "How can a licensed insurer get an extension on renewal if they are on active military duty?", "What notice requirements apply when a contested case is resolved informally?", "Can the commissioner require compliance with NAIC rules, and when is that allowed?" ], "issue_tags": [ "rulemaking-authority", "subpoena-power", "confidentiality", "judicial-review", "routine-procedures", "insurance-regulation", "investigation-files" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas insurance commissioner rulemaking", "department of insurance procedures", "insurance regulatory rules", "TX Dept. of Insurance rule authority", "insurance department rulemaking and enforcement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "37", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 37. RATEMAKING AND POLICY FORM PROCEEDINGS", "url": "/statutes/IN/37.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/37.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out how Texas approves insurance rates and policy forms. It requires the insurance commissioner to adopt rules for these proceedings, allows streamlined processes, lets the department’s legal staff serve as hearing officers, and keeps approved rates in force while they are appealed.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas approve new insurance rates?", "Who decides whether an insurance policy form is acceptable in Texas?", "Can the Department of Insurance act as a party in a rate hearing?", "What happens to an approved rate if it is appealed?", "Does Texas use streamlined procedures for rate approvals?", "Who can serve as a hearings officer in a rate proceeding?", "Do rate orders stay in effect while an appeal is pending?", "What role does the department play in ensuring fair rates for underserved areas?", "How are the rules for rate and form approvals created?", "Can an insurer be required to refund a rate after an appeal is decided?" ], "issue_tags": [ "ratemaking", "policy-forms", "insurance-regulation", "appeals", "department-of-insurance", "hearings-procedures" ], "synonyms": [ "insurance rate approval process", "policy form filing rules", "Texas insurance ratemaking", "rate and form proceedings", "insurance commissioner rulemaking" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "38", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 38. DATA COLLECTION AND REPORTS", "url": "/statutes/IN/38.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/38.json", "summary": "Chapter 38 requires insurance companies and health benefit plan providers to give the Texas Department of Insurance information about their business, underwriting rules, premiums, losses, and health care costs. The department uses this data to conduct studies, create public reports, and maintain databases that help regulators, lawmakers, and consumers understand insurance practices and health care pricing. Confidentiality protections keep individual or company‑specific details private unless they are needed for official proceedings.", "questions_answered": [ "What data does the Texas Department of Insurance ask insurers to provide?", "How must personal auto and residential property insurers file their underwriting guidelines?", "Can the public see a summary of an insurer’s underwriting rules?", "What reports does the department produce on balance billing and commercial auto insurance?", "How are health care reimbursement rates collected and shared with the public?", "What is the Texas All Payor Claims Database and how can I access its information?", "Are insurers required to submit premium and loss data to the department or a statistical agent?", "What penalties apply if an insurer or health plan fails to submit required data on time?", "How does the department protect confidential or privileged information in its data collection?", "What role do statistical agents play in gathering insurance data?", "How does the department analyze the impact of new health benefit mandates on costs and coverage?", "Who can request a health impact analysis of proposed legislation and how is it conducted?" ], "issue_tags": [ "data-collection", "insurance-reporting", "underwriting-guidelines", "health-benefit-data", "confidentiality", "statistical-agent", "balance-billing", "all-payor-database" ], "synonyms": [ "Insurance data reporting requirements", "Texas insurance data collection statutes", "Chapter 38 data collection and reports", "TX Dept of Insurance reporting rules", "Underwriting guideline filing requirements", "Health benefit plan data submission" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "39", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 39. PUBLIC ACCESS", "url": "/statutes/IN/39.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/39.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules so that anyone, even if they don’t speak English, can get help from the Texas Department of Insurance. It requires the department to let the public speak at hearings and to keep a plan for language access. It also makes sure that at least half of each advisory board’s members are ordinary citizens, and it bars insurance industry insiders and their close relatives from serving as public representatives.", "questions_answered": [ "How does the Texas Department of Insurance help people who don’t speak English?", "Can I speak to the insurance commissioner about a concern I have?", "What opportunities do I have to comment on insurance regulations?", "How are members chosen for advisory bodies that the insurance commissioner appoints?", "What percentage of advisory board members must be members of the general public?", "Can an employee of an insurance company serve on a public advisory board?", "Are there any relatives of insurance industry workers who are prohibited from serving as public representatives?", "What laws does the department have to follow for program and facility accessibility?", "What is the written plan the commissioner must keep for language access?", "Do I need to register with the Texas Ethics Commission to serve on an insurance advisory board?", "Can I appear before the commissioner to discuss any insurance‑related issue?", "What types of people are excluded from being a public representative on advisory bodies?" ], "issue_tags": [ "public-access", "language-access", "public-comment", "advisory-board", "insurance-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "Public Access Chapter", "Public Participation Requirements", "Public Representation Rules", "Insurance Commissioner Public Access", "Texas Department of Insurance Public Access" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "40", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 40. DUTIES OF STATE OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE HEARINGS AND COMMISSIONER IN CERTAIN PROCEEDINGS; RATE SETTING PROCEEDINGS", "url": "/statutes/IN/40.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/40.json", "summary": "This chapter tells how the State Office of Administrative Hearings runs insurance hearings, especially those that set or change insurance rates. It lays out the steps for presenting evidence, using witnesses, filing expert testimony, and issuing a proposal for decision. The insurance commissioner then reviews the proposal, can make limited changes, and issues a final order, but cannot influence the judge’s findings.", "questions_answered": [ "How does the State Office of Administrative Hearings conduct insurance rate hearings?", "What evidence and witness rules apply in an insurance rate hearing?", "When must expert testimony be prefiled in an insurance rate case?", "Can the insurance commissioner influence the administrative law judge’s findings?", "What is the process for the judge’s proposal for decision and how is it served?", "How can parties object to the proposal for decision and what happens after that?", "What deadlines does the administrative law judge set for filings in a rate proceeding?", "What types of insurance proceedings are excluded from this chapter?", "How does the commissioner finalize a rate order after the hearing?", "What happens if a witness who gave an affidavit refuses to appear for cross‑examination?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-hearings", "rate-setting", "administrative-procedure", "commissioner-review", "evidence-presentation", "expert-witness" ], "synonyms": [ "insurance rate hearing procedures", "administrative hearing duties", "commissioner rate approval process", "state office of administrative hearings rules", "insurance rate promulgation rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "81", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 81. GENERAL PROVISIONS REGARDING DISCIPLINE AND ENFORCEMENT", "url": "/statutes/IN/81.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/81.json", "summary": "Chapter 81 sets the time limits for the Texas Department of Insurance to begin disciplinary actions against insurers, agents, and other license holders. It also requires the department to send written decisions to parties, mandates insurers to report out‑of‑state suspensions, and obligates the department to report insurance violations to the attorney general. Violations involving ongoing conduct, discrimination, or labor law are exempt from the standard limitations periods.", "questions_answered": [ "How many years does Texas have to start a disciplinary action against an insurer or agent for a regular violation?", "What is the statute of limitations for disciplinary actions involving fraud?", "Are ongoing violations subject to the same time limits as past violations?", "When must an insurer notify the commissioner about a suspension or revocation in another state?", "What civil penalty can be imposed if an insurer fails to provide the required notice?", "Does the department have to mail a copy of its decision to each party in a contested case?", "Which types of insurance companies are covered by the out‑of‑state notification rule?", "Are discrimination or labor law violations exempt from the limitations period?", "What must the department do if it discovers a violation of insurance law?", "Does the department have to report insurance violations to the attorney general?", "Can the commissioner suspend or revoke a license for a willful failure to notify?", "What is the deadline for delivering an order or judgment to the commissioner after an out‑of‑state action?" ], "issue_tags": [ "disciplinary-action-limitations", "insurance-notice-requirements", "civil-penalties", "insurance-licensing", "reporting-to-attorney-general" ], "synonyms": [ "Insurance Discipline and Enforcement", "Texas Insurance Code Chapter 81", "Insurance sanctions time limits", "Insurance disciplinary procedures", "Insurance enforcement provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "82", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 82. SANCTIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/82.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/82.json", "summary": "Chapter 82 gives the Texas Department of Insurance the power to discipline insurers, agents, and related entities. It lets the commissioner cancel, suspend, or revoke licenses, issue cease‑and‑desist orders, impose penalties, and require restitution when rules are broken. The chapter applies to a wide range of insurance companies, agents, and other authorized parties, and it allows informal settlements as well as notice to other states.", "questions_answered": [ "What actions can the Texas insurance commissioner take against a company that violates insurance laws?", "Can the commissioner cancel or suspend an insurance license, and how does that process work?", "What penalties can be imposed on insurers or agents for non‑compliance with Texas insurance rules?", "When is restitution required, and who must be repaid if an insurer harms Texas residents?", "Does Chapter 82 apply to all types of insurance companies, including foreign and mutual insurers?", "Can the commissioner issue a cease‑and‑desist order against an insurance agent or company?", "What is an informal disposition, and how does it differ from a formal hearing?", "How does the commissioner notify other states about enforcement actions taken under this chapter?", "What happens if an insurer fails to obey an order issued by the commissioner?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-sanctions", "license-revocation", "regulatory-enforcement", "restitution", "compliance" ], "synonyms": [ "Chapter 82 sanctions", "Texas insurance disciplinary provisions", "Insurance commissioner enforcement powers", "Insurance sanctions chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "83", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 83. EMERGENCY CEASE AND DESIST ORDERS", "url": "/statutes/IN/83.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/83.json", "summary": "This chapter lets the Texas Insurance Commissioner quickly stop insurance companies or individuals from doing unfair, fraudulent, or dangerous activities by issuing emergency cease‑and‑desist orders. It explains how the orders are served, how the affected party can request a hearing, and what penalties or restitution may follow. The chapter also sets out the commissioner’s enforcement powers, the process for appealing orders in court, and the types of insurers and related parties the rules cover.", "questions_answered": [ "What can the Texas Insurance Commissioner do if an insurance company is acting fraudulently or dangerously?", "How does an emergency cease‑and‑desist order get issued and who receives it?", "Can I request a hearing to contest an emergency cease‑and‑desist order?", "What is the deadline to ask for a hearing after receiving the order?", "What happens to the order while a hearing is pending?", "What penalties can the commissioner impose if I violate the order?", "Do I have to pay a fine or make restitution if I’m found to have broken the order?", "What can happen if I fail to pay an administrative penalty?", "Which insurance companies and related entities are covered by this chapter?", "How do I appeal a commissioner’s order in court?", "What counts as an unfair act under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "emergency-cease-desist", "insurance-regulation", "unfair-practices", "administrative-penalty", "hearing-process", "enforcement", "appeal" ], "synonyms": [ "emergency cease‑and‑desist orders", "emergency stop orders", "Texas insurance commissioner emergency orders", "emergency insurance enforcement", "emergency cease and desist authority" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "84", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 84. ADMINISTRATIVE PENALTIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/84.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/84.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out how the Texas Department of Insurance can levy monetary penalties on insurers or other regulated parties for violations of insurance laws or rules. It details the steps for notifying the affected party, the right to a hearing, how penalties are calculated, and the options for paying, appealing, or staying enforcement. The chapter also explains how penalties are collected and reviewed by the courts.", "questions_answered": [ "What is an administrative penalty under the Texas Insurance Code?", "How does the Department of Insurance notify me that I have a penalty?", "What is the maximum amount a penalty can be?", "How is the amount of a penalty decided?", "Can I request a hearing after receiving a penalty notice?", "What are my options if I want to appeal a penalty decision?", "How can I stay enforcement of a penalty while I appeal?", "What happens if I don’t pay the penalty and don’t appeal?", "Can the commissioner set penalty amounts by rule?", "What is the process for the court to review a penalty?" ], "issue_tags": [ "administrative-penalties", "insurance-regulation", "hearing-process", "penalty-appeal", "judicial-review", "enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "administrative penalty provisions", "insurance code penalty rules", "Texas insurance enforcement penalties", "penalty hearing procedures", "commissioner penalty authority" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "85", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 85. GENERAL CRIMINAL ENFORCEMENT", "url": "/statutes/IN/85.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/85.json", "summary": "This chapter makes it a crime to break Texas laws that govern life, fire, or marine insurance, setting a misdemeanor fine between $500 and $1,000 unless another penalty applies. It also tells where a case can be tried—usually Travis County or another authorized county—and lets prosecutors choose to charge the offense under this chapter or any other applicable Texas law.", "questions_answered": [ "What happens if I break a Texas insurance law?", "What are the fines for violating insurance regulations in Texas?", "Is breaking an insurance law considered a misdemeanor?", "Can I be prosecuted for an insurance violation in any Texas county?", "Which county handles most insurance criminal cases?", "Do other penalties ever replace the fine for an insurance offense?", "Can a prosecutor charge me under a different Texas law instead of this insurance chapter?", "What determines the venue for a criminal case involving insurance fraud?", "Are there any special rules for prosecuting insurance violations in Travis County?", "Can the Department of Insurance limit how this chapter is applied?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-penalties", "criminal-prosecution", "venue", "misdemeanor-fines", "texas-insurance-law" ], "synonyms": [ "General criminal enforcement for insurance", "Insurance criminal offenses", "Texas insurance criminal prosecution rules", "Insurance law misdemeanor provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "86", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 86. REVOCATION OR MODIFICATION OF CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORITY; AUTHORITY TO BRING CERTAIN ACTIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/86.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/86.json", "summary": "This chapter gives the Texas Insurance Commissioner the power to cancel or change an insurer’s license when required conditions aren’t met, and it sets a notice deadline and reason requirement. It also lets the state, through the attorney general or a designated lawyer, file lawsuits for insurance law violations, and permits the department to shut down or restrict the business of a Texas‑based insurance company.", "questions_answered": [ "Can the Texas Insurance Commissioner revoke an insurer’s license?", "What must the commissioner do before revoking or modifying a certificate of authority?", "How many days’ notice does an insurer receive before its certificate is revoked or changed?", "What reasons can trigger a revocation or modification of an insurance carrier’s certificate?", "Who can bring a lawsuit against an insurance company for breaking Texas insurance laws?", "Does the attorney general have the authority to prosecute insurance violations?", "Can the department file a case to close the affairs of a Texas insurance company?", "What actions can the department take to stop or limit the business of a domestic insurance company?", "Is the department the only entity that can seek an injunction against an insurer’s operations?", "What is the process for the state to enforce compliance when an insurer no longer meets legal requirements?" ], "issue_tags": [ "certificate-revocation", "insurance-licensing", "state-enforcement", "notice-requirements", "insurer-closure", "legal-action-authority" ], "synonyms": [ "revocation of insurance certificate", "insurance carrier license cancellation", "state authority to modify insurer authority", "Texas insurance enforcement actions", "department of insurance legal powers" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "101", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 101. UNAUTHORIZED INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/101.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/101.json", "summary": "Chapter 101 of the Texas Insurance Code makes it illegal for anyone to conduct insurance business in Texas without proper authorization. It defines what activities count as insurance, lists exceptions, and gives the Texas Department of Insurance power to investigate, issue cease‑and‑desist orders, and impose civil and criminal penalties. The chapter also sets rules for reporting unauthorized policies, handling contracts with unauthorized insurers, and requiring bonds in lawsuits.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I buy an insurance policy from a company that isn’t licensed in Texas?", "Is it illegal for someone to sell or solicit insurance in Texas without a license?", "What happens to a policy if the insurer is not authorized to do business in Texas?", "What penalties can the state impose on an unauthorized insurer or person?", "Are there any exceptions for surplus lines or Medicare supplement advertisements?", "Do I have to report an insurance contract that was issued by an unauthorized insurer?", "Can a full‑time salaried employee act as an insurance manager for their employer?", "What civil remedies are available if an unauthorized insurer refuses to pay a claim?", "What criminal offense applies to knowingly violating the unauthorized insurance rules?", "What bond or deposit must an unauthorized insurer provide if sued in Texas?", "How does the Texas Department of Insurance enforce the unauthorized insurance provisions?" ], "issue_tags": [ "unauthorized-insurance", "insurance-regulation", "texas-insurance-law", "unfair-competition", "civil-penalties", "criminal-penalties", "insurance-contracts", "reporting-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "unauthorized insurance", "illegal insurance activity", "unlicensed insurance business", "insurance without Texas authorization", "unauthorized insurer enforcement", "Texas Insurance Code Chapter 101" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "102", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 102. CHARITABLE GIFT ANNUITIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/102.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/102.json", "summary": "This chapter explains what a charitable gift annuity is, sets the financial and operational standards a charity must meet to issue a qualified annuity, and requires written notices to donors and the state insurance department. It also gives the charity protection from lawsuits and outlines how the department can enforce notice requirements and assess fines.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a charitable gift annuity?", "What requirements must a charity meet to issue a qualified charitable gift annuity?", "Do charitable gift annuities count as insurance under Texas law?", "What written notice must a donor receive when they sign a charitable gift annuity agreement?", "Does a charity have to inform the Texas Department of Insurance when it starts issuing charitable gift annuities?", "What happens if a charity fails to provide the required notice to the donor or the department?", "Can the department fine a charity for not complying with the notice rules?", "Are charities immune from lawsuits related to the issuance of charitable gift annuities?", "Is a charitable gift annuity protected by the state’s insurance guaranty association?", "When does a charitable gift annuity become a qualified annuity for tax purposes?", "What financial assets must a charity have to qualify to issue a charitable gift annuity?", "Can a donor or the donor’s heirs sue a charity for treating a gift annuity as insurance?" ], "issue_tags": [ "charitable-gift-annuity", "donor-notice", "insurance-exemption", "charity-qualification", "regulatory-compliance", "legal-immunity" ], "synonyms": [ "charitable gift annuity", "CGA", "donor annuity", "charitable annuity", "tax‑deductible annuity", "charitable payout annuity" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "151", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 151. CONSOLIDATED INSURANCE PROGRAMS", "url": "/statutes/IN/151.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/151.json", "summary": "This chapter creates rules for consolidated insurance programs that combine general liability and workers' compensation coverage for construction projects. It requires the project owner (principal) to give contractors detailed information before a contract is signed, lets contractors request a copy of the insurance policy, and sets limits on indemnity clauses. Certain indemnity provisions are void, the program cannot be waived, and the coverage must meet specific duration and scope requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "What information must a principal give me before I sign a construction contract that uses a consolidated insurance program?", "Can I choose not to enroll in a consolidated insurance program if the required information isn’t provided on time?", "How long does the general liability coverage have to last under a consolidated insurance program?", "What indemnity clauses are prohibited in a construction contract under this chapter?", "Am I allowed to request a copy of the insurance policy that covers my work, and how quickly must I receive it?", "What happens if the principal or contractor fails to give me the insurance information within the required time frame?", "Can the contract force me to buy additional insurance coverage that isn’t allowed by this chapter?", "Are there any exceptions for indemnity requirements when an employee is injured?", "Is it possible for the parties to waive the requirements of this chapter in their contract?", "Which types of construction projects are excluded from these consolidated insurance rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "consolidated-insurance", "construction-contracts", "indemnity-restrictions", "insurance-disclosure", "policy-access", "nonwaiver", "coverage-terms" ], "synonyms": [ "consolidated insurance program", "combined liability and workers' comp program", "construction insurance bundle", "multi-line insurance program", "Texas consolidated insurance rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "201", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 201. COLLECTION OF REVENUE AND ADMINISTRATION OF FUNDS", "url": "/statutes/IN/201.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/201.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up how the Texas Department of Insurance manages its operating account, including what money goes in, how it is recorded, and how refunds and electronic transfers are handled. It also outlines the comptroller’s duties for collecting insurance taxes and fees, how the department reimburses the state for comptroller expenses, and the procedures for transferring securities and sharing information.", "questions_answered": [ "How does the Texas Department of Insurance handle refunds for overpaid fees or taxes?", "What types of money are deposited into the department’s operating account?", "Who is responsible for keeping accounting records of the department’s receipts and expenditures?", "When are electronic transfers required for insurance fees or other monies?", "What steps must be followed to transfer securities held by the department?", "What powers does the state comptroller have over insurance tax collection and reporting?", "How does the department reimburse the general revenue fund for comptroller expenses?", "What happens if insurance tax collections are not enough to cover comptroller costs?", "How are filing dates determined for reports or payments mailed to the comptroller?", "What information must the department share with the comptroller about regulated entities?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-funding", "department-of-insurance", "comptroller-roles", "electronic-transfers", "refunds", "securities-transfer", "accounting-procedures" ], "synonyms": [ "Insurance Department operating account rules", "Texas insurance fee collection", "Department of Insurance revenue administration", "Comptroller insurance tax enforcement", "Insurance fund management statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "202", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 202. FEES", "url": "/statutes/IN/202.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/202.json", "summary": "This chapter tells insurance companies what fees they must pay the Texas Department of Insurance for things like filing applications, amendments, name reservations, and copies of records. It sets maximum amounts for each type of filing, offers reduced fees for smaller insurers, and explains how the collected money is deposited and used by the state.", "questions_answered": [ "How much do I have to pay to file an amendment to my insurer's certificate of authority?", "What is the fee for reserving a company name or renewing that reservation?", "Are there reduced fees for insurance companies with less than $450,000 in premiums?", "What are the maximum fees for filing reinsurance agreements, both total and partial?", "How much does the state charge for filing an application for a foreign insurer to do business in Texas?", "Is there a fee for copying rating information or other department records?", "What fee applies to filing an annual statement for insurers that write certain classes of insurance?", "Can the Department of Insurance change the fee amounts, and how are those amounts determined?", "Where do the fees collected from insurers go, and can they be used for anything other than the department’s operations?", "Do insurers have to pay a fee for designating an attorney for service of process?", "What is the fee for filing a merger approval or a joint control agreement?", "Are there any exemptions or special rules that let an insurer avoid these fees?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-fees", "insurer-filing-fees", "texas-department-of-insurance", "fee-reductions", "fee-deposits", "reinsurance-fees" ], "synonyms": [ "Insurance fee schedule", "Insurance filing fees", "Texas insurance department fees", "State insurance fees", "Insurance company fee requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "203", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 203. GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO TAXES", "url": "/statutes/IN/203.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/203.json", "summary": "This chapter limits extra state, county, or municipal taxes on insurers and health maintenance organizations when they already pay certain insurance taxes. It clarifies that other taxes, fees, and property taxes can still apply unless specifically exempted. It also requires life insurance companies to pay all applicable taxes before receiving a license and sets up a process for collecting taxes on unreported premium receipts.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an insurance company be charged additional local taxes on its premium income if it already pays state insurance taxes?", "Are health maintenance organizations subject to the same tax limits as insurers?", "Do surplus lines insurers have to follow these tax limitation rules?", "What taxes must a life insurance company pay before it can get a certificate of authority to operate in Texas?", "What happens if an insurer reports lower premium receipts than the actual amount?", "Which agency is responsible for collecting taxes on unreported premium receipts?", "Can the state still impose property taxes on insurers or health maintenance organizations?", "Are there any other fees or assessments that can still be applied to insurers despite this chapter?", "Do county or municipal taxes apply to insurers for anything other than premium receipts?", "How does this chapter interact with other insurance tax chapters like Chapter 4 or 221?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-tax", "premium-reporting", "life-insurance-licensing", "health-maintenance-organization", "state-local-tax", "tax-exemptions" ], "synonyms": [ "General provisions relating to insurance taxes", "Insurance tax limitation rules", "Tax rules for insurers and HMOs", "Premium tax reporting requirements", "Life insurer licensing tax obligations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "221", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 221. PROPERTY AND CASUALTY INSURANCE PREMIUM TAX", "url": "/statutes/IN/221.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/221.json", "summary": "This chapter sets a 1.6% tax on the gross premiums that Texas property and casualty insurers receive, while specifying which kinds of premiums are counted and which are excluded. It requires insurers to file an annual tax report, pay the tax by March 1, and make semi‑annual prepayments if their prior year liability exceeded $1,000. The chapter also lists exemptions for certain types of insurers and outlines penalties for non‑payment.", "questions_answered": [ "Which insurance companies must pay the Texas property and casualty premium tax?", "How is the 1.6% premium tax rate calculated on an insurer’s receipts?", "What types of insurance premiums are excluded from the tax?", "When is the full premium tax due each year?", "Do insurers need to make semi‑annual prepayments, and how are those amounts determined?", "What form or report must insurers file with the comptroller?", "Can an insurer receive a credit for examination or evaluation fees it paid?", "What penalties apply if an insurer fails to pay the premium tax?", "Are farm mutual insurance companies subject to the tax, and what is a fronting insurer?", "Are life, health, or title insurance premiums taxed under this chapter?", "How are reinsurance premiums treated for tax purposes?", "Can the comptroller change the filing or payment dates for the tax?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-premium-tax", "taxable-premiums", "tax-filing-deadlines", "exempt-insurers", "prepayment-requirements", "tax-credits", "nonpayment-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas property and casualty premium tax", "insurance premium tax chapter", "TX insurance tax", "property casualty tax", "premium tax statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "222", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 222. LIFE, HEALTH, AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE PREMIUM TAX", "url": "/statutes/IN/222.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/222.json", "summary": "Chapter 222 sets a state tax on insurers and health‑maintenance organizations based on the premiums or revenues they collect in Texas. It defines which companies must pay, the tax rates, filing deadlines, pre‑payment rules, and allowable credits, while also listing specific exemptions. The chapter also outlines reporting requirements and penalties for non‑payment.", "questions_answered": [ "Do life, health, and accident insurance companies have to pay a premium tax in Texas?", "What tax rate applies to insurers that sell life insurance policies?", "What tax rate applies to health‑maintenance organizations that sell HMO certificates?", "When is the insurance premium tax due each year?", "Do insurers need to make semi‑annual pre‑payments if their prior year tax was over $1,000?", "Which types of insurers are exempt from the premium tax, such as fraternal benefit societies?", "What revenues or premiums are excluded from the tax calculation?", "Can insurers receive a credit for examination or evaluation fees they paid to the state?", "What form must insurers file with the comptroller to report the tax?", "What penalties apply if an insurer fails to pay the premium tax?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-premium-tax", "texas-insurance", "tax-rates", "filing-deadlines", "exemptions", "tax-credits" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas insurance premium tax", "life health accident insurance tax", "insurance premium tax chapter 222", "TX insurance tax", "premium tax for insurers" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "223", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 223. TITLE INSURANCE PREMIUM TAX", "url": "/statutes/IN/223.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/223.json", "summary": "This chapter sets a 1.35% tax on all title insurance premiums earned in Texas, explains which premiums count toward the tax, and requires annual reporting and payment to the state. It also tells title insurers how to handle premiums kept by agents, limits additional taxes on the same premiums, provides for semi‑annual prepayments for larger liabilities, and allows credits for certain state fees.", "questions_answered": [ "How is the 1.35% tax on title insurance premiums calculated?", "Which types of premiums are excluded from the tax calculation?", "Do premiums kept by a title insurance agent count toward the tax?", "When is the annual tax payment due, and are there semi‑annual prepayment rules?", "What form must a title insurance company file with the comptroller?", "Can a company receive a credit for examination or evaluation fees paid to the state?", "Does this tax prevent other state, county, or municipal taxes from being applied to the same premiums?", "What happens if a title insurance company fails to pay the required tax?", "Which state fund receives the revenue from this premium tax?", "Are reinsurance premiums included in the taxable amount?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-premium-tax", "title-insurance", "tax-filing", "premium-exclusions", "payment-due-dates", "tax-credits" ], "synonyms": [ "title insurance premium tax", "insurance premium tax for title policies", "Texas title insurance tax", "premium tax on title insurance", "chapter 223 insurance tax" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "223A", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 223A. CAPTIVE INSURANCE PREMIUM TAX", "url": "/statutes/IN/223A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/223A.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a tax that Texas captive insurance companies must pay each year. The tax is half a percent of the company’s total premium‑related receipts, with a minimum payment of $7,500 and a maximum of $200,000. Captive insurers must file an annual tax report, pay the tax by March 1 (or make semiannual pre‑payments if they owe more than $1,000), and can receive credits for certain state fees. Failure to pay can trigger penalties under the tax code.", "questions_answered": [ "How much tax does a captive insurance company have to pay in Texas?", "When is the captive insurance premium tax due each year?", "Do captive insurers need to make semiannual tax pre‑payments?", "What types of premiums and fees are counted toward the taxable amount?", "Are reinsurance premiums excluded from the captive insurance tax?", "What are the minimum and maximum tax amounts a captive insurer can owe?", "Can a captive insurer get a credit for examination or evaluation fees paid to the state?", "What happens if a captive insurance company fails to pay the tax?", "Are other Texas insurance taxes applied to captive premium receipts?", "How does a captive insurer file the required tax report with the comptroller?", "Can the comptroller change the tax filing or payment dates?", "Is there a penalty for late or incomplete tax payments by a captive insurer?" ], "issue_tags": [ "captive-insurance-tax", "premium-tax", "tax-filing", "tax-credits", "tax-penalties", "insurance-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "captive insurance premium tax", "Texas captive insurer tax", "captive insurance tax", "premium tax for captive insurers", "Texas insurance premium tax for captives" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "224", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 224. RECIPROCAL AND INTERINSURANCE EXCHANGE PREMIUM TAX", "url": "/statutes/IN/224.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/224.json", "summary": "This chapter creates an annual premium tax for reciprocal and interinsurance exchanges that are authorized to do business in Texas. By default, the tax is 1.7% of the exchange’s gross premium receipts, but the exchange can choose to be taxed under a different chapter (Chapter 221) instead. Once an exchange elects to use Chapter 221, it must file a form with the comptroller before the tax year starts, and it can later withdraw that election with another filing.", "questions_answered": [ "What premium tax does a Texas reciprocal or interinsurance exchange have to pay?", "How is the 1.7% tax calculated for these exchanges?", "Can my exchange choose to be taxed under Chapter 221 instead of this chapter?", "What paperwork do I need to file to elect the Chapter 221 tax?", "When is the deadline to submit the election or withdrawal notice?", "If I elect Chapter 221, do I still have to pay the 1.7% tax?", "How do I withdraw my election to be taxed under Chapter 221?", "Does the tax apply only to exchanges that have a Texas certificate of authority?", "What happens if my exchange does not file an election or withdrawal?", "Are there any other taxes that apply to my exchange besides the one in this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-insurance-tax", "reciprocal-exchange", "interinsurance-exchange", "premium-tax", "tax-election", "comptroller-filing" ], "synonyms": [ "reciprocal and interinsurance exchange premium tax", "Texas reciprocal exchange tax", "interinsurance exchange tax", "insurance premium tax election", "premium tax for reciprocal insurers" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "225", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 225. SURPLUS LINES INSURANCE PREMIUM TAX", "url": "/statutes/IN/225.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/225.json", "summary": "Chapter 225 sets a 4.85% tax on the gross premiums of surplus lines insurance when Texas is the insured's home state. It tells surplus lines agents how to calculate, collect, hold in trust, and report the tax, including pre‑payment rules for large amounts. The chapter also bans agents from absorbing or rebating the tax and outlines penalties for non‑payment.", "questions_answered": [ "What tax does Texas impose on surplus lines insurance premiums?", "How is the home state of an insured determined for this tax?", "What is the current tax rate on surplus lines premiums?", "When must a surplus lines agent pay and report the tax?", "Do agents have to hold the collected tax in a trust account?", "What are the rules for prepaying the tax if the amount owed is large?", "Can an agent include the tax in the premium or give rebates to customers?", "Are premiums for risks in foreign waters or ocean marine coverage taxed?", "What happens if a surplus lines agent fails to pay the tax on time?", "Can a managing underwriter collect the tax instead of the agent?" ], "issue_tags": [ "surplus-lines-tax", "insurance-premium-tax", "home-state-determination", "tax-collection", "tax-penalties", "prepayment-threshold", "trust-funds" ], "synonyms": [ "surplus lines insurance premium tax", "Texas surplus lines tax", "premium tax on nonadmitted insurance", "Chapter 225 surplus lines tax", "Texas insurance premium tax" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "226", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 226. UNAUTHORIZED AND INDEPENDENTLY PROCURED INSURANCE PREMIUM TAX", "url": "/statutes/IN/226.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/226.json", "summary": "Chapter 226 sets a 4.85% tax on insurance premiums that are charged for coverage in Texas, whether the insurer is authorized, surplus lines, or the policy is bought directly by the insured. It explains which premiums are taxable, which are exempt, how to allocate premiums for risks partly in Texas, and when and how the tax must be paid. The chapter also covers special rules for affiliated groups, corporations, and the Comptroller's rulemaking limits.", "questions_answered": [ "How is the Texas insurance premium tax rate calculated?", "Which insurance premiums are subject to the tax and which are exempt?", "When must insurers or insureds pay the premium tax?", "Do surplus lines or non‑admitted insurers have to pay this tax?", "How is the tax applied when a policy covers risks partially located in Texas?", "What defines an independently procured insurance policy for tax purposes?", "How is the home state of an affiliated group determined for the tax?", "Do corporations report the premium tax with their franchise tax filing?", "What are the penalties if the tax is not paid on time?", "Can the Comptroller change the tax rules beyond what the chapter requires?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-premium-tax", "texas-tax", "nonadmitted-insurance", "premium-exemptions", "tax-payment-deadlines", "affiliated-groups" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas insurance premium tax", "Unauthorized insurance tax", "Independent insurance tax", "Insurance premium tax chapter 226", "TX premium tax", "Non‑admitted insurer tax" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "227", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 227. DISPOSITION OF PROCEEDS OF CERTAIN PREMIUM TAXES", "url": "/statutes/IN/227.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/227.json", "summary": "This chapter tells the state where to put money collected from specific insurance premium taxes. All of the tax money goes into the state's general revenue fund, and one‑quarter of that amount is set aside for the foundation school fund.", "questions_answered": [ "Where does the money from insurance premium taxes go?", "What happens to the proceeds of insurance tax Chapter 221, 222, 224, or 226?", "Does any of the insurance tax revenue go to schools?", "How much of the insurance tax money is transferred to the foundation school fund?", "Are insurance premium tax proceeds deposited into the general revenue fund?", "What portion of insurance tax proceeds is earmarked for education?", "Is there a specific law that directs insurance tax money to school funding?", "Can the state use insurance tax proceeds for anything other than the general fund and school fund?", "When did the rule about allocating a quarter of insurance tax proceeds to schools take effect?", "Do all insurance premium taxes follow the same distribution rule?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-tax-proceeds", "state-revenue-allocation", "school-funding", "tax-disposition" ], "synonyms": [ "Disposition of Insurance Premium Tax Proceeds", "Insurance Tax Revenue Allocation", "Premium Tax Funds Distribution" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "228", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 228. PREMIUM TAX CREDIT FOR CERTAIN INVESTMENTS", "url": "/statutes/IN/228.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/228.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a program that lets insurers and other premium‑tax payers invest cash in qualified businesses through certified capital companies and receive a state premium tax credit. It defines who can participate, how companies become certified, the investment and reporting requirements, and the limits and enforcement of the tax credits.", "questions_answered": [ "How can an insurance company earn a state tax credit by investing in businesses?", "What is a certified capital company and how does it get certified?", "What types of businesses qualify for investment under this program?", "What are the investment timing and amount requirements for certified capital companies?", "How much premium tax credit can an insurer claim each year?", "Can the tax credit be transferred or assigned to another party?", "What reporting and audit obligations do certified capital companies have?", "What happens if a certified capital company fails to meet the program rules?", "Are there limits on how much capital can be invested in a single business?", "How are premium tax credits recaptured or forfeited if a company is decertified?" ], "issue_tags": [ "premium-tax-credit", "certified-capital", "insurance-investment", "qualified-business", "compliance", "reporting" ], "synonyms": [ "Premium Tax Credit for Certain Investments", "Insurance Premium Tax Credit Program", "Certified Capital Investment Credit", "Texas Insurance Investment Credit" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "229", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 229. COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS WITH OTHER STATES", "url": "/statutes/IN/229.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/229.json", "summary": "This chapter lets the Texas Comptroller work with other states to share and collect insurance premium taxes. It defines who counts as an agent or insurer, how premiums are defined, and sets rules for agreements that allocate taxes, exchange information, and handle audits and refunds across state lines. The comptroller can also manage funds, fees, and interest related to these cooperative arrangements.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas collect insurance premium taxes from insurers that are licensed in other states?", "What is a cooperative agreement or compact for insurance taxes?", "Who is considered an insurance agent under this law?", "How are insurance premiums divided among states for tax purposes?", "What information can Texas share with other states about insurance premiums and agents?", "Can an audit performed by another state be used to assess Texas insurance taxes?", "How are refunds of insurance premium taxes handled when multiple states are involved?", "What fees or costs are allowed under these interstate insurance tax agreements?", "Can the Comptroller temporarily move funds to another state for tax collection?", "What rules must the Comptroller follow when creating these cooperative agreements?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-tax", "cooperative-agreements", "multistate-collection", "audit-sharing", "premium-allocation", "surplus-lines" ], "synonyms": [ "interstate insurance tax agreements", "multistate premium tax cooperation", "insurance tax reciprocity", "Texas insurance tax compact", "cooperative insurance tax arrangements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "233", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 233. CREDIT AGAINST CERTAIN TAXES FOR CERTAIN HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS", "url": "/statutes/IN/233.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/233.json", "summary": "This chapter lets insurance companies that own a direct or indirect stake in a qualified housing development reduce the amount of state premium tax they owe. It explains how to apply for the credit, the limits on the credit amount, the ability to carry unused credit to other years, and confirms that claiming the credit does not trigger additional retaliatory taxes. The Texas Comptroller and the Department of Housing and Community Affairs set the rules and the authority to allocate credits expires as defined in the tax code.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my insurance company get a tax credit for investing in a qualified housing development?", "How do I claim a credit against my state premium tax liability?", "What forms and documentation are required to apply for the credit?", "Is there a maximum amount of credit I can claim in a tax year?", "Can I carry unused credit forward or backward to other tax periods?", "Will claiming this credit cause me to owe any additional taxes?", "Who issues the allocation certificate needed for the credit?", "When does the authority to allocate these credits expire?", "Do I need to use a specific form provided by the Comptroller to apply?", "How does this credit interact with other tax credits or recapture rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "tax-credit", "insurance-premium-tax", "housing-development", "credit-application", "credit-carryover", "allocation-certificate" ], "synonyms": [ "Insurance premium tax credit for housing developments", "State premium tax credit for qualified developments", "Texas insurance tax credit for housing projects", "Housing development credit for insurers", "Premium tax reduction for housing investments" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "251", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 251. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/251.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/251.json", "summary": "Chapter 251 tells the Texas Insurance Commissioner how to set the yearly rate for insurance maintenance taxes and workers' compensation surcharges, and when to inform the Comptroller of those rates. It also explains what happens if the rate is reported late, including refunds or extra charges, and directs where the collected money is deposited, including a portion earmarked for floodplain management.", "questions_answered": [ "How does the insurance commissioner decide the yearly rate for maintenance taxes?", "Who decides the rate for workers' compensation surcharges?", "When must the commissioner tell the comptroller the tax or surcharge rate?", "What happens if the commissioner misses the deadline to advise the comptroller?", "Will I get a refund if I paid too much in insurance maintenance tax?", "Will I be billed for extra tax if the rate changes after my payment?", "Where do the insurance maintenance taxes go after they are collected?", "How much of the insurance taxes is set aside for floodplain management?", "Are the taxes and surcharges deposited into the general revenue fund?", "What does the comptroller do if the rate is changed after taxes have been assessed?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-maintenance-tax", "workers-compensation-surcharge", "tax-rate-assessment", "comptroller-advisory", "fund-deposit", "floodplain-funding" ], "synonyms": [ "Insurance Maintenance Tax Rules", "Workers' Compensation Surcharge Guidelines", "Texas Insurance Tax Assessment Procedures", "Chapter 251 Insurance Code", "Insurance Department Funding Rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "252", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 252. FIRE AND ALLIED LINES INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/252.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/252.json", "summary": "This chapter sets a maintenance tax that Texas insurers must pay on certain fire‑related and allied lines premiums. It caps the tax rate at 1.25% of taxable premiums, requires the commissioner to adjust the rate each year, and outlines when the tax is due. The chapter also lists which types of premiums are taxed and which insurers are exempt.", "questions_answered": [ "How much tax do insurance companies have to pay on fire‑related premiums in Texas?", "What is the maximum percentage the maintenance tax can be on taxable premiums?", "Which kinds of insurance premiums are subject to the maintenance tax?", "How often must insurers pay the maintenance tax—annually or semi‑annually?", "Who decides the tax rate and can it change each year?", "Are there any insurers that are exempt from this tax?", "What events or perils trigger a premium to be taxed under this chapter?", "What is the minimum tax liability that forces a semi‑annual payment schedule?", "Can the tax be adjusted to cover the regulator’s expenses for the next year?", "Does this tax apply to farm mutual insurers or the Texas Windstorm Insurance Association?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-tax", "fire-allied-lines", "premium-tax", "insurer-obligations", "tax-exemptions", "texas-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "maintenance tax for fire and allied lines insurance", "Texas insurance maintenance tax", "fire and allied lines premium tax", "Chapter 252 insurance tax", "insurance tax assessment" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "253", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 253. CASUALTY INSURANCE AND FIDELITY, GUARANTY, AND SURETY BOND INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/253.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/253.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a maintenance tax that insurers offering casualty, fidelity, guaranty, and surety bond coverage must pay. The tax rate cannot exceed 0.4% of the insurer’s taxable premiums, and the commissioner adjusts the rate each year to fund regulatory costs. It also specifies which insurance classes are taxed and sets annual or semiannual payment rules.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the maintenance tax that applies to casualty and surety bond insurers?", "How is the tax rate for insurance maintenance determined and what is the maximum allowed?", "Which types of insurance premiums are subject to this maintenance tax?", "Who decides the tax rate and how often is it adjusted?", "When are insurers required to pay the maintenance tax?", "Can the tax be paid semiannually, and what triggers that requirement?", "What happens if an insurer’s tax liability is less than $2,000?", "What expenses does the maintenance tax help fund?", "Is this tax in addition to other taxes that insurers might owe?", "How does the commissioner calculate the amount needed for the next year’s regulatory expenses?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-tax", "casualty-insurance", "fidelity-bond-tax", "maintenance-tax", "tax-rate", "payment-schedule" ], "synonyms": [ "insurance maintenance surcharge", "casualty insurance tax", "fidelity and surety bond tax", "Texas insurance tax assessment", "insurance tax rate determination" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "254", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 254. MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/254.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/254.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a maintenance tax that insurers must pay on the gross premiums they collect from selling motor vehicle insurance in Texas. The tax rate cannot exceed 0.2% of those premiums, and the commissioner adjusts the rate each year to fund the regulatory expenses. Insurers report the tax annually or semiannually, with semiannual payments required only for those whose prior year liability was at least $2,000.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the maintenance tax for motor vehicle insurance?", "Which insurers have to pay this tax?", "What types of auto insurance premiums are subject to the tax?", "What is the maximum tax rate that can be applied?", "How does the commissioner decide the tax rate each year?", "When are insurers required to pay the tax?", "Can the tax be paid semiannually, and when is that required?", "What happens if an insurer’s tax liability was $2,000 or more last year?", "Is this tax in addition to other insurance taxes?", "How is the tax amount used by the state?" ], "issue_tags": [ "motor-vehicle-insurance-tax", "insurance-maintenance-tax", "premium-tax", "tax-rate", "tax-due-dates", "commissioner-assessment" ], "synonyms": [ "maintenance tax", "motor vehicle insurance tax", "insurance premium tax", "Texas auto insurance tax", "insurance tax on automobile premiums" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "255", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 255. WORKERS' COMPENSATION INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/255.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/255.json", "summary": "Texas requires every insurer that writes workers' compensation policies to pay a surcharge on the gross premiums they collect. The surcharge rate, together with other assessments, cannot exceed 2.7% of those premiums and is adjusted each year to cover the regulator’s costs. Insurers must pay the surcharge annually, or semi‑annually if they owe $2,000 or more, and they can recover the cost by including it in rate filings or passing it on to policyholders.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the workers' compensation surcharge that insurers have to pay in Texas?", "Which types of insurance companies must pay the surcharge?", "How is the surcharge rate calculated and what is the maximum allowed?", "How often do insurers need to pay the surcharge?", "When does the state require semi‑annual payments instead of annual?", "Can an insurer add the surcharge cost to the rates it files with the regulator?", "Is the surcharge allowed to be passed on to the policyholders?", "What premiums are subject to the surcharge calculation?", "How does the state adjust the surcharge rate each year?", "What happens if an insurer’s surcharge liability is $2,000 or more?", "Can an insurer recover the surcharge after paying it?", "Does the surcharge count as a tax or a separate fee?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-compensation", "insurance-surcharge", "premium-assessment", "rate-cap", "insurer-obligations", "texas-insurance" ], "synonyms": [ "workers' comp insurance surcharge", "Texas workers' compensation surcharge", "insurance surcharge for workers' comp", "premium surcharge", "workers' comp premium tax", "insurance assessment" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "256", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 256. AIRCRAFT INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/256.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/256.json", "summary": "Texas requires insurers that write aircraft insurance to pay a maintenance tax on the premiums they collect. The tax rate cannot exceed 0.4% of those premiums and is adjusted each year to cover the regulator's costs. Insurers must pay the tax either once a year or twice a year, depending on how much they owe.", "questions_answered": [ "How much tax do insurance companies have to pay for aircraft insurance?", "What is the maximum rate for the aircraft insurance maintenance tax?", "When do insurers have to pay the aircraft insurance maintenance tax?", "Does the tax apply to all insurers or only those that sell aircraft policies?", "Can the tax rate change each year?", "What triggers a semiannual payment schedule for the tax?", "Is the aircraft insurance tax separate from other insurance taxes?", "Who decides the tax rate for aircraft insurance?", "Which premiums are subject to the aircraft insurance tax?", "What happens if an insurer's tax liability is less than $2,000?" ], "issue_tags": [ "aircraft-insurance", "maintenance-tax", "insurance-taxation", "premium-tax", "texas-insurance", "tax-rate", "payment-schedule" ], "synonyms": [ "aircraft insurance maintenance tax", "aircraft insurance tax", "insurance maintenance tax for aircraft", "Texas aircraft insurance tax", "aircraft insurance premium tax" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "257", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 257. LIFE, HEALTH, AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/257.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/257.json", "summary": "Texas requires insurers that sell life, health, accident, annuity, or endowment products to pay a maintenance tax on the premiums they collect. The tax rate cannot exceed 0.04% of taxable premiums and is adjusted each year to cover the regulator’s budget. Certain federal program premiums and nonprofit group policies are exempt, and the tax can be paid annually, semiannually, or on another schedule set by the comptroller.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need to pay a Texas maintenance tax on the premiums my health insurance company collects?", "What is the maximum percentage rate I can be assessed for the insurance maintenance tax?", "Which premiums are excluded from the Texas insurance maintenance tax?", "How often must I remit the maintenance tax to the state?", "Is there a minimum tax amount that triggers semiannual payments?", "Are premiums from Medicare or other federal programs subject to this tax?", "Do nonprofit employee group health policies have to pay the maintenance tax?", "Does the tax also apply to annuity and endowment contracts?", "What types of insurers are required to pay the maintenance tax?", "Can the tax rate be changed each year, and who decides the new rate?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-insurance-tax", "maintenance-tax", "premium-tax", "insurer-obligations", "tax-exemptions", "payment-schedule" ], "synonyms": [ "insurance maintenance tax", "life health accident insurance tax", "Texas insurer tax", "maintenance assessment", "insurance premium tax", "state insurance tax" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "258", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 258. HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/258.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/258.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a per‑capita tax that Texas health maintenance organizations (HMOs) must pay based on their gross revenues. The tax cannot exceed $2 per enrollee and is adjusted each year to cover the regulator’s costs. Certain revenues, such as those funded by federal programs or specific nonprofit group policies, are exempt, and HMOs must pay the tax annually or semiannually depending on their liability.", "questions_answered": [ "How much can an HMO be taxed per enrollee in Texas?", "What is the maximum per‑capita tax rate for health maintenance organizations?", "When are HMOs required to pay their maintenance tax?", "Are there any exemptions from the HMO maintenance tax?", "Does the tax apply to HMOs that receive federal insurance funds?", "Can the tax rate differ between basic, limited, and single health plans?", "What revenue is used to calculate the HMO maintenance tax?", "What triggers a semiannual payment requirement for an HMO?", "Who sets and adjusts the per‑capita tax rate for HMOs?", "Why does Texas impose a maintenance tax on health maintenance organizations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-maintenance-organization", "per-capita-tax", "tax-rate-limit", "exemptions", "payment-schedule", "regulatory-funding" ], "synonyms": [ "HMO maintenance tax", "health maintenance organization tax", "per‑capita HMO tax", "Texas HMO tax assessment", "health maintenance organization assessment" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "259", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 259. THIRD-PARTY ADMINISTRATORS", "url": "/statutes/IN/259.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/259.json", "summary": "This chapter requires third‑party insurance administrators to pay a maintenance tax on the fees they earn for providing administrative services. The tax rate cannot exceed one percent of those fees, and the commissioner can adjust the rate each year to cover regulatory costs. Administrators must report their fees correctly and pay the tax on a schedule set by the comptroller, which may be annual, semi‑annual, or another periodic timing.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to pay a tax on the fees I earn as a third‑party insurance administrator?", "What types of fees are subject to the maintenance tax?", "Is the tax rate limited to a certain percentage of my fees?", "Who decides what the tax rate will be each year?", "How is the tax rate adjusted annually?", "When must I pay the maintenance tax?", "Can I choose to pay the tax annually, semi‑annually, or on another schedule?", "Are sales commissions included in the fees that are taxed?", "What happens if I report my administrative fees incorrectly?", "Is this maintenance tax in addition to other taxes I already owe?" ], "issue_tags": [ "third-party-administrators", "maintenance-tax", "tax-rate", "fee-taxation", "insurance-regulation", "tax-payment-schedule" ], "synonyms": [ "maintenance tax for administrators", "admin fee tax", "third-party administrator tax", "insurance administrator tax", "maintenance assessment tax" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "261", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 261. TEXAS INSURANCE EXCHANGE", "url": "/statutes/IN/261.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/261.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a maintenance tax that the Texas Insurance Exchange must pay on the gross premiums it processes. The tax rate cannot exceed 1% of those premiums, and the commissioner adjusts the rate each year to fund the agency’s insurance regulation costs. The exchange reports the premiums and pays the tax on a schedule chosen by the comptroller.", "questions_answered": [ "What tax does the Texas Insurance Exchange have to pay on the premiums it handles?", "How is the maintenance tax rate for the Texas Insurance Exchange calculated?", "Can the maintenance tax rate be higher than 1% of the premiums?", "Who decides the amount of the maintenance tax each year?", "Which insurance classes are included when calculating the tax on premiums?", "How often does the Texas Insurance Exchange need to pay the maintenance tax?", "Can the tax rate change from year to year?", "What counts as a gross premium for the purpose of this tax?", "Does the maintenance tax apply to all insurance sold through the exchange?", "Who sets the schedule for tax payments—annual, semiannual, or otherwise?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-insurance-exchange", "maintenance-tax", "premium-tax", "tax-rate-limit", "tax-payment-schedule", "insurance-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Insurance Exchange tax", "insurance exchange maintenance tax", "Texas insurance exchange premium tax", "TX insurance exchange tax", "maintenance tax on insurance premiums" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "271", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 271. TITLE INSURANCE MAINTENANCE FEES", "url": "/statutes/IN/271.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/271.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a maintenance fee that insurers must pay on the gross premiums they earn from writing title insurance in Texas. The fee is not a tax, is limited to no more than one percent of those premiums, and the rate is set each year by the insurance commissioner. The state comptroller collects the fee, deposits it into the general revenue fund, and the money is used to cover the Texas Department of Insurance’s operating costs.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the title insurance maintenance fee?", "How is the maintenance fee rate determined each year?", "What is the maximum percentage the maintenance fee can be?", "Is the maintenance fee considered a tax?", "Can the fee be charged separately to a title insurance agent?", "When do insurers have to pay the maintenance fee?", "Who is responsible for collecting the maintenance fee?", "What happens if the commissioner does not advise the comptroller of the fee rate on time?", "How are the collected maintenance fees used by the state?", "Can the comptroller require insurers to pay the fee more often than annually?", "What premiums are subject to the maintenance fee?", "Are there any exemptions or thresholds for small insurers?" ], "issue_tags": [ "title-insurance", "maintenance-fee", "premium-assessment", "rate-determination", "comptroller-collection", "insurance-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "title insurance maintenance fee", "insurance maintenance assessment", "title insurance premium fee", "Texas title insurance fee", "maintenance surcharge", "insurance operating fund contribution" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "281", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 281. RETALIATORY PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/281.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/281.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas impose taxes, fees, or penalties on out‑of‑state insurance companies when those companies' home states tax or penalize Texas insurers in a similar way. It defines which insurers are considered foreign, lists taxes that are excluded from retaliation, and allows the comptroller to set reporting deadlines and enter reciprocity agreements with other states. The rules also require that any penalty imposed on a foreign insurer match the penalty that the foreign insurer’s home state applies to a Texas insurer.", "questions_answered": [ "When will a foreign insurance company have to pay extra taxes or fees in Texas?", "What kinds of taxes or charges are excluded from Texas's retaliation rules?", "How does Texas decide whether an insurer is domestic or foreign?", "Can Texas waive retaliatory taxes by making a reciprocity agreement with another state?", "What triggers a penalty or other obligation on a foreign insurer in Texas?", "Is there a limit on how much tax Texas can impose on a foreign insurer under this chapter?", "What reporting or filing requirements apply to the retaliatory taxes?", "How are tax credits or offsets treated when calculating retaliation amounts?", "Does Texas consider property taxes or sales taxes when comparing its taxes to another state’s taxes?", "What happens if an insurer’s home state does not tax Texas insurers?" ], "issue_tags": [ "retaliatory-tax", "foreign-insurer", "insurance-regulation", "tax-exclusions", "reciprocity-agreement", "penalty-imposition" ], "synonyms": [ "retaliatory provisions", "foreign insurer tax rules", "Texas insurance retaliation tax", "reciprocity tax provisions", "insurance retaliation penalties" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "401", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 401. AUDITS AND EXAMINATIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/401.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/401.json", "summary": "This chapter requires every Texas insurer and health maintenance organization to have an independent certified public accountant audit their yearly financial statements and file the audited report with the commissioner by June 30. It sets out who must file, when exemptions apply, what the audit must contain, and how accountants are qualified. The chapter also gives the department authority to examine insurers, keep examination information confidential, and collect fees to cover examination costs.", "questions_answered": [ "When must an insurer or health maintenance organization file its audited financial report in Texas?", "Are small insurers with less than $1 million in premiums exempt from the audit requirement?", "Can a foreign or Canadian insurer avoid filing a Texas audit if it already files one elsewhere?", "What qualifications does an accountant need to audit a Texas insurer’s financial statements?", "What information has to be included in the audited financial report?", "What can an insurer do if filing the audit would cause a severe financial hardship?", "What happens if an insurer fails to file its audited report on time?", "How does the department conduct examinations of insurers and what powers does it have?", "Are examination reports and work papers kept confidential, and can they be disclosed?", "How are the costs of insurer examinations assessed and paid?" ], "issue_tags": [ "audits", "financial-reporting", "insurer-examinations", "accountant-qualifications", "exemptions", "confidentiality", "assessment-fees" ], "synonyms": [ "insurance audit requirements", "insurer financial examination rules", "annual audit of insurers", "Texas insurance audit code", "insurance company audit and examination statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "402", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 402. DISCLOSURE OF MATERIAL TRANSACTIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/402.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/402.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas insurers and health‑maintenance organizations when they must report big purchases, sales, or other changes to assets and major revisions to reinsurance agreements. It sets the timing, the details that must be included, who is covered, and how the reports are kept confidential unless the commissioner decides they should be made public.", "questions_answered": [ "When does an insurance company have to report a large asset purchase or sale to the state?", "What kinds of transactions are considered material for reporting purposes?", "How many days after a material transaction must the insurer file its report?", "Are reports about reinsurance cancellations or revisions kept confidential?", "What specific information must be included in a report about a material asset acquisition or disposition?", "Do small insurers that only do business in Texas have to follow these reporting rules?", "What thresholds make a reinsurance nonrenewal, cancellation, or revision material?", "Can the Texas insurance commissioner release a material transaction report to the public?", "Are transactions that are part of a pooling arrangement exempt from reporting?", "Which types of insurers and health‑maintenance organizations are required to file these reports?" ], "issue_tags": [ "material-transactions", "insurance-reporting", "reinsurance-disclosure", "confidentiality", "texas-insurance", "asset-acquisition", "reporting-deadlines" ], "synonyms": [ "material transaction reporting", "insurance asset disclosure", "reinsurance change reporting", "Texas insurance reporting requirements", "material acquisition disposition reporting", "insurance solvency disclosure" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "403", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 403. DIVIDENDS", "url": "/statutes/IN/403.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/403.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas insurers they can only pay dividends to shareholders from true surplus profits, not from reserves or unpaid losses. It sets rules for paying dividends to commercial policyholders, requiring adequate loss reserves and surplus, and requires notice to the department. It also limits what insurers can count when estimating profits for dividends and outlines penalties, including charter revocation, for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an insurance company pay a dividend to shareholders from any of its money?", "What profit sources can an insurer use to calculate a dividend?", "Can an insurer include reserves or unpaid losses when estimating profits for a dividend?", "What rules must a Texas insurer follow to pay a dividend to commercial policyholders?", "Do insurers have to notify the Texas Department of Insurance before paying a dividend to policyholders?", "Can a life or health insurer count the earnings of a newly acquired subsidiary when determining dividend surplus?", "What penalties does the Texas Department of Insurance impose if a company pays an illegal dividend?", "Are there special restrictions on dividends for life, health, fire, marine, or inland marine insurers?", "What does “surplus profits arising from the insurer’s business” mean for dividend purposes?", "How does the department enforce the dividend rules for Texas insurers?" ], "issue_tags": [ "dividend-restrictions", "surplus-profits", "policyholder-dividends", "profit-estimation", "insurance-penalties", "texas-insurance-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "Insurance dividend rules", "Texas insurance dividend provisions", "Dividends to shareholders and policyholders", "Insurance surplus profit dividend guidelines", "TX Insurance Code Chapter 403" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "404", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 404. FINANCIAL CONDITION", "url": "/statutes/IN/404.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/404.json", "summary": "This chapter gives the Texas insurance commissioner power to monitor insurers' financial health and step in when a company’s condition could endanger policyholders, creditors, or the public. It defines which entities are considered insurers, sets standards for early warning, and outlines actions like limiting new business, requiring reinsurance, increasing capital, or suspending a license. The rules also protect the capital stock and surplus of insurers from being improperly reduced.", "questions_answered": [ "What can the Texas insurance commissioner do if an insurer’s finances look unsafe?", "Which types of companies are considered insurers under Texas law?", "When can the commissioner require an insurer to raise its capital or surplus?", "What actions can be ordered to fix a hazardous financial condition for an insurer?", "What does it mean for an insurer’s surplus to be impaired, and how is that addressed?", "Can the commissioner suspend or cancel an insurer’s license because of financial problems?", "What standards are used for early warning of insurer trouble in Texas?", "How does Texas handle financial issues for insurers that are licensed in another state?", "What limits can be placed on an insurer’s new business if its finances are weak?", "Are there rules that prevent the reduction of an insurer’s capital stock or surplus?" ], "issue_tags": [ "financial-condition", "insurer-oversight", "capital-surplus", "early-warning", "regulatory-remedies", "cross-jurisdiction" ], "synonyms": [ "hazardous financial condition rules", "insurer financial health regulations", "capital and surplus requirements", "insurance solvency standards", "Texas insurance commissioner authority", "financial condition subchapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "406", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 406. SPECIAL DEPOSITS REQUIRED UNDER POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/406.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/406.json", "summary": "This chapter gives the Texas insurance commissioner the power to require insurers to place a special deposit when certain risky conditions could threaten policyholders or the public. It defines which entities are considered insurers, lists acceptable forms of the deposit, explains how long the deposit is held, and sets out how an insurer can ask to withdraw or replace the deposit. The chapter also provides a process for the commissioner’s decision and an appeal right, and notes that this deposit is in addition to any other required deposits.", "questions_answered": [ "When can the Texas insurance commissioner require an insurer to post a special deposit?", "Which types of insurance companies are covered by this deposit requirement?", "What kinds of assets or securities are allowed for the required deposit?", "How long does the state keep the special deposit before it can be released?", "How does an insurer request to withdraw or substitute the deposit?", "What criteria does the commissioner use to decide whether a withdrawal or substitution is safe?", "What happens if the commissioner does not respond to a withdrawal request within the deadline?", "Can an insurer appeal a decision by the commissioner about a special deposit?", "Is the special deposit required by this chapter separate from other deposits an insurer might have to make?", "What specific conditions might trigger the need for a special deposit?" ], "issue_tags": [ "special-deposits", "insurance-regulation", "financial-solvency", "deposit-withdrawal", "insurer-licensing", "insurance-commissioner" ], "synonyms": [ "special deposit requirements", "hazardous condition deposits", "insurance solvency deposits", "Texas insurer deposit rules", "mandatory security deposits for insurers" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "421", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 421. RESERVES IN GENERAL", "url": "/statutes/IN/421.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/421.json", "summary": "This chapter tells insurance companies they must set aside enough money to pay all claims, including those not yet reported or paid, and the costs of handling those claims. The state commissioner uses standard formulas to determine how much reserve is needed, and can accept reserve calculations from other states if they follow the same rules.", "questions_answered": [ "How much money does an insurance company have to keep in reserve?", "Do reserves have to cover claims that haven’t been reported yet?", "Are the costs of adjusting or settling claims included in reserve requirements?", "Who decides the formulas used to calculate insurance reserves?", "Can an out‑of‑state insurer use its home‑state reserve calculations in Texas?", "What types of claims must be covered by the reserves?", "What happens if an insurer fails to maintain the required reserves?", "How does the Texas commissioner verify that reserves are adequate?", "Are there different reserve formulas for different lines of insurance?", "Can the commissioner accept a certificate from another state for reserve liability?", "When did these reserve rules become effective in Texas?", "Do reserves need to cover unpaid claims as of the statement date?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-reserves", "solvency", "claim-liabilities", "reserve-formulas", "out-of-state-insurers", "insurance-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "reserve requirements", "insurance reserve rules", "reserve liability calculations", "insurance solvency reserves", "reserve formulas", "reserve certification" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "422", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 422. ASSET PROTECTION ACT", "url": "/statutes/IN/422.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/422.json", "summary": "The Asset Protection Act makes sure Texas insurers keep enough unencumbered assets to cover their policy reserve liabilities, gives policy owners and beneficiaries a priority claim on those assets, and limits how insurers can pledge or encumber assets without the commissioner’s written approval.", "questions_answered": [ "How much unencumbered assets must an insurance company maintain?", "Can an insurer pledge or use its assets as collateral without permission?", "What percentage of reserve assets is the maximum an insurer can encumber?", "Do policyholders or beneficiaries have a special claim on insurer assets if the company fails?", "When does the Texas insurance commissioner need to approve an asset pledge?", "What reporting requirements does an insurer have after pledging assets?", "Which types of insurers are exempt from the asset protection rules?", "What happens to a claimant’s claim if the insurer is liquidated?", "How do reinsurance agreements affect the asset protection requirements?", "What is the definition of a claimant under this act?" ], "issue_tags": [ "asset-protection", "insurer-encumbrance", "policy-reserve", "preferential-claims", "commissioner-approval", "insurance-solvency" ], "synonyms": [ "Asset Protection Act", "Texas insurance asset protection", "insurer asset encumbrance rules", "policy reserve asset requirements", "preferential claimant provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "423", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 423. TRANSACTIONS WITH MONEY AND OTHER ASSETS", "url": "/statutes/IN/423.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/423.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules Texas insurers must follow when handling money, deposits, investments, and other assets. It tells who can approve deposits, limits borrowing and personal use of insurer funds, and outlines how securities and assets can be held with clearing corporations or in pooling accounts. The commissioner has oversight and may set additional limits.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an insurance company invest its money only in the company's own name?", "What approvals are needed for an insurer to deposit money with the state department?", "Are insurers allowed to borrow money from their own accounts?", "What are the rules for using pooling accounts with affiliates?", "When can an insurer place securities with a clearing corporation or the Federal Reserve system?", "What requirements must a bank meet to act as a custodian for an insurer’s securities?", "How does the commissioner control securities that insurers must deposit?", "What limits exist on the amount of assets an insurer can keep with a clearing corporation?", "Can an insurer use its deposited securities as collateral for reinsurance?", "What documentation is required to prove ownership of uncertificated securities?", "Do insurance companies need special permission to deposit money in a reinsurance account?", "What types of insurers are covered by these transaction rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-deposits", "insurer-investments", "securities-holding", "clearing-corporation", "pooling-accounts", "regulatory-oversight" ], "synonyms": [ "Insurer money handling rules", "Insurance asset transaction regulations", "Texas insurer deposit and investment provisions", "Chapter 423 insurance transactions", "Insurance code money and asset rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "424", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 424. INVESTMENTS FOR CERTAIN INSURERS", "url": "/statutes/IN/424.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/424.json", "summary": "Chapter 424 sets the rules for how Texas insurers that are not life, health, or accident carriers can invest money that exceeds their required capital and surplus. It limits the types and amounts of investments, requires a written investment plan and detailed records, and governs special activities like investment pools, derivative contracts, and foreign investments. The commissioner can waive limits or impose additional rules to protect policyholders.", "questions_answered": [ "What types of investments can a non‑life insurer in Texas make with excess capital?", "How much can an insurer invest in a single issuer, borrower, or foreign jurisdiction?", "Does an insurer need to have a written investment plan and how often must it be reviewed?", "What records must an insurer keep to prove its investments stay within legal limits?", "Can an insurer use derivatives, hedging, or income‑generation transactions, and what approvals are required?", "What are the rules for insurers that want to join or create an investment pool?", "When can the insurance commissioner waive the quantitative investment limits for an insurer?", "Are there special limits on investing in government bonds, bank stock, or real‑property loans?", "What restrictions apply to insurers investing in foreign securities or international bonds?", "How does an insurer obtain permission to engage in replication or risk‑control transactions?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurer-investments", "investment-limits", "investment-plan", "derivative-transactions", "investment-pools", "foreign-investments", "risk-control" ], "synonyms": [ "Investments for Certain Insurers", "Texas Insurer Investment Rules", "Non‑life Insurer Investment Regulations", "Insurance Code Chapter 424", "Insurer Investment Authority" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "425", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 425. RESERVES AND INVESTMENTS FOR LIFE INSURANCE COMPANIES AND RELATED ENTITIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/425.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/425.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules Texas life insurance companies must follow to keep enough reserves, calculate those reserves, and report them to the state. It also tells insurers what kinds of investments they can make, how much they can invest in any one asset, and how to use derivatives for risk control. The chapter requires actuarial opinions on reserves, protects the confidentiality of those opinions, and outlines procedures for special investments like foreign securities or real property.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a life insurance company figure out the amount of reserves it must hold?", "What types of investments are allowed for Texas life insurers and what limits apply?", "Can an insurer invest in foreign securities or real estate, and are there special rules for those investments?", "Do insurers need to get an actuarial opinion on their reserves, and what does that opinion cover?", "How are reserves for older policies or policies issued before certain dates calculated?", "What are the rules for using derivatives or hedging transactions by an insurance company?", "Are policy loans considered an investment, and how are they limited?", "What confidentiality protections exist for actuarial reports and reserve calculations?", "How often must insurers report their reserve values to the Texas Department of Insurance?", "Can a life insurer receive a waiver from the commissioner to exceed investment limits?" ], "issue_tags": [ "reserves", "investments", "actuarial-opinion", "risk-control", "valuation", "confidentiality", "diversification" ], "synonyms": [ "life insurance reserve and investment rules", "Texas insurance reserve requirements", "insurance company investment guidelines", "actuarial reserve standards", "insurance solvency regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "426", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 426. RESERVES FOR WORKERS' COMPENSATION INSURANCE COMPANIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/426.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/426.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas workers' compensation insurers how much money they must set aside to pay all claims, including those not yet reported, but not more than necessary. The insurance commissioner creates rules for calculating those reserves and can tell a company to increase or decrease its reserves. If a company’s reserves are found to be too low or too high, the commissioner notifies the company, which then has 60 days to correct the problem and file a compliance statement.", "questions_answered": [ "How much reserve does a workers' compensation insurer have to keep in Texas?", "What does Texas law require insurers to do about unreported workers' compensation claims?", "Can a workers' compensation insurer keep more reserves than needed?", "Who decides how the reserve amount is calculated for these insurers?", "What happens if an insurer’s reserves are found to be too low?", "What happens if an insurer’s reserves are found to be unreasonably large?", "How long does an insurer have to fix reserve problems after being notified?", "What paperwork must an insurer file after correcting its reserves?", "Why does the state require reserve requirements for workers' compensation insurers?", "Can the insurance commissioner order a company to change its reserve levels?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-compensation", "insurance-reserves", "solvency", "regulatory-compliance", "reserve-calculation", "commissioner-actions" ], "synonyms": [ "Workers' Compensation Reserve Requirements", "Insurance Company Reserve Rules", "Texas Workers' Comp Reserve Standards", "Reserve Computation for Workers' Compensation Insurers", "Workers' Compensation Solvency Reserves" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "427", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 427. SUBORDINATED INDEBTEDNESS", "url": "/statutes/IN/427.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/427.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for Texas insurers and health maintenance organizations to obtain loans or advances and to create subordinated liability agreements for those loans. It requires a written agreement, commissioner approval, and specifies how the loan appears on the insurer’s financial statements and how payments must be made. The law also defines minimum surplus requirements and outlines special handling for sinking funds and older loan arrangements.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a Texas insurance company or HMO borrow money or get an advance?", "What kinds of assets can be used as collateral for an insurer loan?", "What is a subordinated liability and how does it work for an insurer?", "Do I need state commissioner approval before signing a loan agreement?", "What minimum surplus must an insurer keep after taking a loan?", "How is a loan reflected on the insurer’s financial statements?", "Can an insurer use a sinking fund to repay a loan?", "What are the rules for paying interest on a loan if there is no payment schedule?", "What happens if the commissioner does not act on my loan agreement within 30 days?", "Are loans issued before September 1, 1995 treated differently?", "Can an insurer pay principal on a subordinated loan after September 1, 1995 without notifying the commissioner?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-loans", "subordinated-liability", "commissioner-approval", "financial-surplus", "sinking-fund", "payment-schedules" ], "synonyms": [ "Subordinated Indebtedness", "Insurer Loan Rules", "Texas Insurance Loan Regulations", "Subordinated Liability Rules", "Insurance Company Borrowing" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "441", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 441. SUPERVISION AND CONSERVATORSHIP", "url": "/statutes/IN/441.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/441.json", "summary": "Chapter 441 of the Texas Insurance Code tells the state insurance commissioner how to step in when an insurance company is in trouble. It lets the commissioner put the insurer under supervision or appoint a conservator to protect policyholders, preserve assets, and try to fix the company before resorting to receivership. The chapter also sets out what actions the insurer can’t take while under supervision and how the process works for both Texas‑based and out‑of‑state insurers.", "questions_answered": [ "What does Texas do when an insurance company becomes insolvent or delinquent?", "How can the Texas Insurance Commissioner place an insurer under supervision?", "What is a conservator and when is one appointed for an insurer?", "What actions is a supervised insurer prohibited from taking?", "How long does a conservatorship last and can it be extended?", "Do policyholders still get their claims paid while an insurer is under supervision or conservatorship?", "Can an out‑of‑state insurance company be subject to Texas supervision?", "What notice must the commissioner give an insurer before imposing supervision?", "How can an insurer appeal a supervision or conservatorship order?", "When does the Texas Attorney General become involved in an insurer’s trouble?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurer-delinquency", "insurance-supervision", "conservatorship", "policyholder-protection", "out-of-state-insurers", "attorney-general" ], "synonyms": [ "insurer supervision and conservatorship", "insurance company rehabilitation", "insurance solvency oversight", "Texas insurance commissioner actions", "insurer delinquency procedures", "insurance conservatorship rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "443", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 443. INSURER RECEIVERSHIP ACT", "url": "/statutes/IN/443.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/443.json", "summary": "The Insurer Receivership Act outlines how Texas deals with insurance companies that become financially troubled. It authorizes the insurance commissioner and the courts to place a receiver in control, to rehabilitate or liquidate the insurer, and to protect policyholders, claimants, creditors, and the public. The law also sets procedures for handling the insurer’s assets, claims, and interactions with guaranty associations.", "questions_answered": [ "What steps does Texas take when an insurance company becomes insolvent?", "Who can start a receivership or delinquency proceeding against an insurer?", "What powers does a receiver have over the insurer’s property and contracts?", "Can an insurer continue to sell policies or issue new business while under receivership?", "How are policyholder and creditor claims filed and paid during liquidation?", "What role do guaranty associations play when an insurer is liquidated?", "How does the law handle transfers, preferences, and fraudulent transactions made before receivership?", "What is the process for a court to order rehabilitation of an insurer?", "How are assets recovered from affiliates or related companies of a troubled insurer?", "What is the priority order for paying different classes of claims?", "Can a receiver be sued for actions taken during the receivership?", "What happens to the insurer’s records and contracts after a receivership is appointed?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurer-receivership", "liquidation", "rehabilitation", "claims-processing", "asset-recovery", "guaranty-associations", "priority-of-payments", "regulatory-proceedings" ], "synonyms": [ "Insurer Receivership Act", "Texas insurer receivership law", "insurance company liquidation statutes", "insurance insolvency procedures", "receivership and rehabilitation rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "444", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 444. AGENCY CONTRACTS WITH CERTAIN INSURERS", "url": "/statutes/IN/444.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/444.json", "summary": "This chapter tells insurance agents what to do with premiums when the insurer they represent is in a delinquency proceeding. It limits the agent’s duty to send only earned premiums to the insurer or receiver, requires unearned premiums to be returned to policyholders or used for new coverage, and makes clear that agents are not automatically agents of the receiver and can still be sued for missing premiums.", "questions_answered": [ "What happens to an agent’s obligation to remit premiums when the insurer is in a delinquency proceeding?", "Can an insurance agent keep unearned premiums after a court cancels the policies?", "How must an agent handle earned premiums during a delinquency proceeding?", "What steps must an agent take to return unearned premiums to the insured?", "Is an agent considered an agent of the receiver for the purpose of handling premiums?", "What liability does an agent face if they fail to return unearned premiums or remit earned premiums?", "Can an agent use unearned premiums to purchase new coverage for the insured?", "When does the agent’s duty to remit premiums change and what triggers it?", "What accounting responsibilities does an agent have to the receiver after policy cancellation?", "Does this chapter affect the receiver’s right to sue the agent for missing premiums?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-agent-premiums", "delinquent-insurer", "premium-remittance", "unearned-premiums", "receiver-actions", "agent-liability" ], "synonyms": [ "Agency contracts with certain insurers", "Agent premium obligations during insurer delinquency", "Rules for agents when insurer is in liquidation", "Premium handling in delinquency proceedings", "Agent duties under Chapter 444" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "461", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 461. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/461.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/461.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas insurers that most insurance policies must carry a clear notice that the insurer is not backed by a state guaranty fund. The notice has to appear on the first page in a specific size and wording set by the insurance commissioner. Insurers cannot use any other wording for that notice, and the rule does not apply to surety bonds or marine insurance.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a guaranty fund disclaimer on my auto insurance policy?", "What types of insurance are exempt from the guaranty fund notice requirement?", "How must the guaranty fund non‑participation statement be formatted?", "Where on the policy document does the guaranty fund disclaimer have to appear?", "Can an insurer use its own wording for the guaranty fund notice?", "Does this rule apply to surety bonds or marine insurance?", "Who decides the exact wording of the guaranty fund statement?", "What happens if an insurer puts the wrong statement on a policy?", "Is the guaranty fund disclosure required for applications as well as policies?", "Do all Texas insurance contracts need to include the guaranty fund notice?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-insurance", "guaranty-fund-disclosure", "policy-form-requirements", "nonparticipation-statement", "insurance-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "Insurance Guaranty Fund Non‑Participation Disclosure", "Texas Insurance Policy Disclosure Rule", "Chapter 461 Insurance Statement Requirement", "Guaranty Fund Notice Provision" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "462", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 462. TEXAS PROPERTY AND CASUALTY INSURANCE GUARANTY ASSOCIATION", "url": "/statutes/IN/462.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/462.json", "summary": "The Texas Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Association steps in to pay claims when a property or casualty insurer in Texas becomes insolvent, helping policyholders receive their benefits without long delays. It funds these payments by assessing member insurers based on their premium volume and manages the claims process, including settlements and recoveries. The association also sets rules, oversees a board of directors, and provides limited liability protections for its participants.", "questions_answered": [ "What happens to my insurance claim if my insurer goes bankrupt?", "Which types of insurance are covered by the Texas guaranty association?", "How does the association determine how much each insurer must pay in assessments?", "Can an insurer avoid paying assessments while it is in receivership?", "What is the maximum amount the association will pay for a single claim?", "How are disputes over settlements or judgments handled by the association?", "What role does the board of directors play in the guaranty association?", "Are there tax credits for insurers that pay these assessments?", "How does the association recover money from other parties after paying a claim?", "What is the process for filing a claim with the guaranty association?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurer-insolvency", "covered-claims", "assessment-calculation", "guaranty-association", "claim-payment", "board-governance", "tax-credit" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Act", "Texas Insurance Guaranty Association", "TX PC Insurance Guaranty", "Insurance Guaranty Act", "Property and Casualty Guaranty Association" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "463", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 463. TEXAS LIFE AND HEALTH INSURANCE GUARANTY ASSOCIATION", "url": "/statutes/IN/463.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/463.json", "summary": "The Texas Life and Health Insurance Guaranty Association Act creates a nonprofit fund that steps in to pay claims and continue coverage when a life, health, accident, or annuity insurer in Texas becomes insolvent. It defines which policies and contracts are covered, sets limits on the benefits, and outlines how member insurers are assessed to fund the association. The law also governs the association’s board, its powers, and how it interacts with courts and the insurance commissioner.", "questions_answered": [ "What happens to my life or health insurance if the company that issued it goes bankrupt?", "Am I protected by a state guaranty association for my life, health, accident, or annuity policy?", "Which types of insurance policies and contracts are covered by the Texas guaranty association?", "Are there limits on the amount of benefits the guaranty association will pay?", "How does the association collect money from insurers to fund claims?", "Who decides how the association operates and what actions it can take?", "Can the association sue or be sued in court when handling insolvent insurers?", "Are there any restrictions on insurers using the guaranty association’s existence to market policies?", "What is the process for a policyholder to receive substitute coverage if their insurer fails?", "How are assessments and refunds handled for member insurers?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-guaranty", "policyholder-protection", "insurer-insolvency", "coverage-limits", "assessment-collection", "association-governance" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Life and Health Insurance Guaranty Association Act", "TLHIGA", "Texas insurance guaranty association", "state guaranty fund for life and health insurance", "insurance guaranty law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "464", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 464. UNAUTHORIZED INSURANCE GUARANTY FUND ACT", "url": "/statutes/IN/464.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/464.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a special fund to help people who bought insurance from companies that aren’t authorized in Texas and whose claims go unpaid. It lets the Insurance Commissioner collect penalties and other money into the fund, and to advance those funds to cover administrative costs and policy claims when the insurer’s assets are insufficient. Any excess money can be returned to the state treasury, and the Commissioner and staff are protected from lawsuits for good‑faith actions under the act.", "questions_answered": [ "What can I do if my insurance policy was issued by an unauthorized insurer in Texas and the claim won’t be paid?", "Is there a fund that helps pay claims from unauthorized insurance companies?", "Can the Texas Insurance Commissioner use collected penalties to pay my unpaid claim?", "What types of claims are eligible for payment from the unauthorized insurance guaranty fund?", "How does the unauthorized insurance guaranty fund get its money?", "Can the Commissioner advance money from the fund to cover administrative expenses or policy claims?", "What happens to any extra money left in the fund after claims are paid?", "Are the Commissioner or his employees immune from lawsuits when they manage this fund?", "Does the fund have to pay taxes or fees to the state?", "What is the process for a delinquency proceeding against an unauthorized insurer?" ], "issue_tags": [ "unauthorized-insurance", "guaranty-fund", "policy-claims", "insurance-penalties", "commissioner-powers", "delinquency-proceedings", "fund-management" ], "synonyms": [ "Unauthorized Insurance Guaranty Fund Act", "Texas unauthorized insurer fund", "Unauthorized insurer claim assistance", "Insurance guaranty fund for unauthorized policies", "Texas Insurance Commissioner's fund for unauthorized insurers" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "481", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 481. VOLUNTARY DEPOSITS", "url": "/statutes/IN/481.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/481.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas insurers voluntarily place cash or approved securities with the state comptroller to meet deposit requirements imposed by other states, countries, or provinces. It explains how the comptroller holds the deposit, how insurers can examine or withdraw it, the tax location of the deposit, and the rules for returning or handling deposits after mergers or when they are no longer needed.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an insurance company voluntarily deposit money or securities with the Texas comptroller to satisfy another jurisdiction's requirements?", "What kinds of securities are allowed for a voluntary deposit?", "How does the comptroller protect policyholders and creditors with the deposited funds?", "When and how can an insurer examine or collect interest on its deposit?", "What are the steps and approvals needed for an insurer to withdraw part or all of its deposit?", "Do I need to replace securities before withdrawing a deposit, and who must approve that replacement?", "How is the deposit treated for state, county, or municipal tax purposes?", "What happens to deposits when two insurers merge or enter a total reinsurance agreement?", "How can an insurer get its deposit returned if it is no longer required by any other jurisdiction?", "What documentation must an insurer provide to the commissioner to prove it has no outstanding liabilities before withdrawing a deposit?" ], "issue_tags": [ "voluntary-deposits", "insurance-regulation", "comptroller", "deposit-withdrawal", "merger", "tax-situs", "securities-approval" ], "synonyms": [ "voluntary deposit provisions", "insurer deposit rules", "Texas comptroller insurance deposits", "cross‑jurisdiction deposit requirements", "insurance solvency deposits" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "491", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 491. GENERAL REINSURANCE REQUIREMENTS", "url": "/statutes/IN/491.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/491.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the basic rules for reinsurance in Texas, saying which types of insurance are excluded and how much of an insurer's surplus can be put at risk on a single policy. It requires insurers to reinsure any amount that exceeds a 10% surplus limit, with different calculations for domestic and foreign insurers. The chapter also tells the state department how to calculate reinsurance reserves for certain lines of business.", "questions_answered": [ "Which kinds of insurance are not covered by the general reinsurance rules?", "Can a Texas insurer place a single risk that exceeds 10% of its surplus without reinsurance?", "How do the exposure limits differ for a domestic insurer versus a foreign insurer?", "What must an insurer do if a single risk would push its exposure above the allowed limit?", "Do life, health, annuity, or workers' compensation policies have to follow these reinsurance limits?", "When and how does the state compute reinsurance reserves for insurers?", "Which lines of insurance are excluded from the reserve‑computation requirements?", "Does the chapter require reinsurance to be with a solvent insurer?", "What is the deadline for calculating reinsurance reserves each year?", "How does the chapter interact with other insurance regulations, like Chapter 493?" ], "issue_tags": [ "reinsurance-limits", "surplus-exposure", "reserve-computation", "excluded-lines", "foreign-insurer", "insurance-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "general reinsurance requirements", "reinsurance rules", "reinsurance limits chapter", "Texas reinsurance guidelines", "reinsurance reserve standards" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "493", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 493. AUTHORIZED REINSURANCE; CREDIT AND ACCOUNTING", "url": "/statutes/IN/493.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/493.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for Texas insurers that want to transfer risk to reinsurers. It defines which insurers and reinsurers are allowed, how credit for reinsurance can be taken, and what accounting, security, and trust‑fund requirements must be met. It also tells the commissioner when to step in, such as for concentration risk or if a reinsurer loses its certification.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a Texas insurer cede all of its business to a reinsurer?", "What qualifications must a reinsurer have to receive credit for reinsurance?", "Do reinsurance contracts need to be approved by the insurance commissioner?", "What types of security (cash, securities, letters of credit) are acceptable for reinsurance obligations?", "When must an insurer notify the commissioner about concentration risk with a single reinsurer?", "What is an accredited or certified reinsurer and how does a reinsurer become one?", "How are trust funds used to secure reinsurance obligations and what are the surplus requirements?", "What happens if a reinsurer’s certification is suspended or revoked?", "Which insurers are covered by these reinsurance rules (life, health, property, etc.)?", "Can a reinsurer that is not licensed in Texas still receive credit for reinsurance?", "What reporting and filing requirements apply to reinsurers and trusts?", "How are letters of credit treated if the issuing institution later fails to meet standards?" ], "issue_tags": [ "reinsurance-credits", "reinsurer-certification", "trust-funds", "concentration-risk", "accounting-standards", "insurer-eligibility", "security-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "Authorized Reinsurance", "Texas Reinsurance Regulations", "Reinsurance Credit Rules", "Reinsurance Accounting Requirements", "Reinsurance Trust Requirements", "Reinsurer Accreditation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "494", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 494. REINSURANCE OF AIRCRAFT AND SPACE EQUIPMENT RISKS", "url": "/statutes/IN/494.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/494.json", "summary": "This chapter defines what counts as an aircraft and space equipment, and it allows Texas insurers to reinsure any liability, property, or casualty risks tied to those items. It requires the original insurer to be authorized in Texas and lets the insurance commissioner set reasonable limits on such reinsurance agreements.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a Texas insurance company reinsure liability for a commercial airplane?", "What types of risks can be reinsured for aircraft or space equipment?", "Do I need a special license to reinsure risks involving satellites or rockets?", "What limits can the insurance commissioner place on aircraft reinsurance?", "Is a domestic insurer allowed to reinsure property damage from a spacecraft launch?", "What definition of 'aircraft' does Texas law use for reinsurance purposes?", "Can a Texas insurer partner with another insurer to reinsure aircraft risks?", "Do I have to be authorized in Texas to cede reinsurance on a rocket?", "Are collision and personal injury risks covered under this reinsurance chapter?", "How does the commissioner ensure reinsurance agreements are reasonable?" ], "issue_tags": [ "reinsurance", "aircraft-insurance", "space-insurance", "insurance-regulation", "texas-insurance", "risk-management" ], "synonyms": [ "aircraft and space equipment reinsurance", "reinsurance of airplanes and satellites", "Texas reinsurance rules for aviation and space", "reinsurance of aircraft and space assets", "aviation and space equipment reinsurance statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "501", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 501. OFFICE OF PUBLIC INSURANCE COUNSEL", "url": "/statutes/IN/501.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/501.json", "summary": "The Office of Public Insurance Counsel is an independent state office that represents the interests of insurance consumers in Texas. It can intervene in insurance rate, rule, and form matters, develop consumer reports, and is funded by assessments on insurers. The public counsel is appointed by the governor, must meet specific qualifications, and is subject to various conflict‑of‑interest and lobbying restrictions.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the purpose of the Texas Office of Public Insurance Counsel?", "Can the public insurance counsel represent me in disputes over insurance rates or policy forms?", "Who can be appointed as the public insurance counsel and what qualifications are required?", "What conflicts of interest or lobbying activities are prohibited for the public insurance counsel?", "How does the office fund its operations through assessments on insurers?", "What types of insurance does the public counsel have authority to intervene in?", "Can the public counsel intervene in a case involving an individual insurer’s solvency or merger?", "What consumer protections, like a bill of rights, does the office develop for insurance policies?", "How does the office evaluate and report on health maintenance organizations?", "When will the Office of Public Insurance Counsel be abolished if not continued?", "Are former public counsel allowed to work for insurance companies after leaving the office?", "What information does the office provide to the public about its programs for non‑English speakers?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-consumer-protection", "public-insurance-counsel", "insurance-assessments", "appointment-qualifications", "hmo-evaluation", "legal-intervention" ], "synonyms": [ "Office of Public Insurance Counsel", "Texas Public Insurance Counsel", "Public Insurance Counsel Office", "Texas insurance consumer advocate office" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "521", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 521. CONSUMER INFORMATION AND COMPLAINTS", "url": "/statutes/IN/521.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/521.json", "summary": "Chapter 521 requires the Texas Department of Insurance to give the public clear information about insurance companies and to run a program that helps resolve policyholder complaints. It mandates a toll‑free number for inquiries and complaints, requires insurers to include notices and the toll‑free number in policies, and creates a public registry for companies that have agreements to address race‑based pricing.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I file a complaint against my insurance company in Texas?", "What information can I get from the Texas Department of Insurance about an insurer’s complaint history?", "Where can I find the toll‑free number for the Texas Department of Insurance consumer services?", "What must my insurance policy include about how to dispute a claim or premium?", "How often will I be notified about the status of my insurance complaint?", "Do health insurers have to put a toll‑free number on my policy or evidence of coverage?", "What is the race‑based insurance pricing registry and how can I access it?", "What records does the department keep about insurance complaints?", "Can I obtain an insurer’s assets‑to‑liabilities ratio from the department?", "Which types of insurers are required to maintain a toll‑free number for complaints?", "How does the department notify insurers when a complaint is received?", "What public announcements are required to promote the toll‑free number?" ], "issue_tags": [ "consumer-complaints", "insurance-information", "toll-free-number", "policy-notice", "race-based-pricing", "complaint-resolution" ], "synonyms": [ "Consumer Information and Complaints Chapter", "Texas Insurance Consumer Services", "Dept. of Insurance complaint procedures", "Insurance policy notice requirements", "Race‑based pricing registry" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "522", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 522. CONSUMER INFORMATION IN SPANISH", "url": "/statutes/IN/522.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/522.json", "summary": "This chapter requires the Texas Insurance Commissioner to create a Spanish‑language sheet that explains the most common terms in a personal automobile insurance policy. The sheet is meant only as a general guide and does not change any legal rights or duties of the policyholder or insurer. It must carry a prominent disclaimer stating it is for information only and that questions should be directed to the agent or insurer. The sheet is made publicly available by the department.", "questions_answered": [ "Does Texas require a Spanish guide for car insurance policies?", "Where can I find the Spanish informational sheet for my auto insurance?", "What kind of information is included in the Spanish auto‑insurance sheet?", "Does the Spanish sheet change my insurance coverage or obligations?", "Who is responsible for creating the Spanish insurance information sheet?", "What disclaimer appears on the Spanish insurance sheet?", "Can I rely on the Spanish sheet instead of reading my policy?", "Is the Spanish sheet required for every personal automobile policy in Texas?", "What should I do if I have questions after reading the Spanish sheet?", "Is the Spanish informational sheet a legal document or just a guide?" ], "issue_tags": [ "spanish-insurance-info", "auto-insurance-education", "consumer-protection", "insurance-disclaimer", "texas-insurance-code" ], "synonyms": [ "Spanish language auto insurance guide", "Spanish informational sheet for Texas car policies", "Spanish consumer information for personal automobile insurance", "Spanish insurance glossary for drivers", "Spanish auto policy summary" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "524", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 524. TEXLINK TO HEALTH COVERAGE PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/IN/524.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/524.json", "summary": "Chapter 524 establishes the TexLink to Health Coverage program, which the state runs to teach people and small employers about health insurance options. It creates a website, printed guides, a toll‑free hotline, newsletters, fairs, school curriculum, and other outreach tools. The program can accept gifts and grants to fund these activities, but must follow ethics rules. Its goal is to increase awareness of coverage choices, including health savings accounts and high‑deductible plans.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the TexLink to Health Coverage program and what does it do?", "How can I learn about health insurance options available in Texas?", "Where can I find a toll‑free phone number for health coverage questions?", "Does Texas provide printed guides or newsletters about health plans?", "How does the state help small businesses and single‑employee companies get health coverage?", "Are there health‑insurance fairs or community events I can attend?", "What resources does Texas offer for high‑school students to learn about health insurance?", "Can community groups get support to develop health coverage plans for uninsured people?", "How does the program handle information about specific insurance carriers without endorsing them?", "How is the TexLink program funded and can it accept donations?", "Is there an online website where I can compare health coverage options?", "What training does the state provide to staff who answer health coverage questions?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-coverage-education", "small-employer-assistance", "public-awareness", "state-funding", "school-curriculum", "community-outreach" ], "synonyms": [ "TexLink program", "Texas health coverage outreach", "state health insurance education", "TexLink to Health Coverage initiative", "health coverage public service program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "524.v2", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 524. HEALTH COVERAGE AWARENESS AND EDUCATION PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/IN/524.v2.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/524.v2.json", "summary": "This chapter directs the Texas Department of Insurance to create and run a public awareness and education program about health coverage options in the state, including health savings accounts and high‑deductible plans. It requires the department to produce public service announcements, maintain an informational website, and work with a task force representing consumers, employers, insurers, and health professionals. The department may accept gifts or grants to fund the program, but must follow ethics rules and cannot favor any particular insurer.", "questions_answered": [ "What does Texas do to inform the public about health insurance options?", "How does the state educate people about health savings accounts and high‑deductible plans?", "Is there a Texas website that explains health coverage options?", "Who creates the public service announcements about health coverage in Texas?", "What groups are represented on the health coverage education task force?", "Can the Department of Insurance accept donations to fund health‑coverage education?", "Does the program have to stay neutral and not endorse any specific insurer?", "When was the health coverage awareness program established in Texas?", "What is the purpose of the health coverage awareness and education program?", "How does Texas ensure unbiased information about health plans is provided?", "Who decides the final content of the education materials?", "What role does the Texas Health Insurance Risk Pool play in the program?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-coverage-education", "public-awareness", "insurance-education", "texas-health-insurance", "consumer-protection", "health-savings-accounts" ], "synonyms": [ "Health Coverage Awareness and Education Program", "Texas health insurance public education", "Health insurance awareness initiative", "Health coverage outreach program", "Health benefits education program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "524A", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 524A. PUBLIC EDUCATION ON HEALTH COVERAGE", "url": "/statutes/IN/524A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/524A.json", "summary": "The state must create a comprehensive health‑insurance guide every two years to help people understand what health coverage is, where to get it, and how it works. The guide explains different plan types, costs, consumer rights, how to avoid scams, and how to resolve disputes. It is posted online and can be printed on request.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the biennial health coverage reference guide and where can I find it?", "How do I compare different types of health insurance plans, like HMOs, PPOs, and short‑term policies?", "What are the differences between in‑network and out‑of‑network providers?", "How can I tell if a health coverage product is a scam?", "What consumer rights do I have when dealing with a health insurance company?", "How do I resolve a dispute with my health coverage issuer or administrator?", "What does the Affordable Care Act marketplace mean by bronze, silver, gold, and platinum plans?", "How does COBRA affect my health coverage options?", "What state or federal programs can help me afford health care?", "How can I get help from the department if I have a complaint about my health plan?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-insurance-education", "consumer-rights", "insurance-plan-comparison", "dispute-resolution", "insurance-scams", "ACA-marketplace", "COBRA" ], "synonyms": [ "Health coverage reference guide", "Biennial health insurance guide", "State health insurance handbook", "Public health coverage education", "Consumer health insurance guide" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "525", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 525. DELIVERY OF INSURANCE POLICIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/525.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/525.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for how quickly insurers must give policyholders their insurance contracts. It applies to auto, home, windstorm, and certain state‑run insurance plans, requiring delivery within a set number of days after the policy starts or after a renewal request. The rules also let the insurance commissioner create detailed regulations.", "questions_answered": [ "How soon must my auto or home insurance company give me the policy after it becomes effective?", "What is the deadline for receiving a new insurance policy if the coverage period is longer than 30 days?", "When will I get my insurance policy if the term is only 10 days or less?", "If I ask for a renewed or changed policy, how quickly must the insurer send it to me?", "Do the delivery rules apply to windstorm insurance or the FAIR Plan?", "Can the insurance commissioner change the delivery requirements?", "What happens if my insurer doesn’t deliver the policy on time?", "Are there different delivery timelines for short‑term versus long‑term policies?", "Who is responsible for delivering the policy – the insurer or its agent?", "Do these rules apply to all types of insurance in Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "policy-delivery", "insurance-timelines", "consumer-protection", "auto-insurance", "property-insurance" ], "synonyms": [ "insurance policy delivery requirements", "policy issuance deadlines", "insurance contract delivery rules", "timely delivery of insurance policies", "policy delivery timing" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "541", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 541. UNFAIR METHODS OF COMPETITION AND UNFAIR OR DECEPTIVE ACTS OR PRACTICES", "url": "/statutes/IN/541.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/541.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out rules that stop insurance companies and related businesses from using unfair or deceptive methods in their trade. It defines prohibited conduct, outlines how the state can investigate and punish violations, and gives consumers the right to sue for damages. The law also provides procedures for private lawsuits, class actions, and refunds of premiums when insurers mislead the public.", "questions_answered": [ "What kinds of insurance advertising are considered deceptive or misleading?", "Can I sue an insurer for false statements about policy benefits or dividends?", "What are the penalties if an insurance company misrepresents its financial condition?", "How do I file a complaint about unfair settlement practices by my insurer?", "What is the process for a private lawsuit against an insurer for deceptive acts?", "When can the Texas attorney general bring a class action against an insurance company?", "What disclosures must an insurer include on its website when offering policies online?", "How does the department enforce refunds of premiums when a policy was sold under deceptive practices?", "What is the statute of limitations for suing over unfair insurance methods?", "Can a risk retention group be held accountable for unfair competition in Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "unfair-insurance-practices", "deceptive-advertising", "insurance-settlement", "private-action", "class-action", "regulatory-enforcement", "premium-refunds" ], "synonyms": [ "unfair methods of competition in insurance", "deceptive insurance practices", "unfair insurance trade practices", "Texas insurance consumer protection law", "insurance unfair practices statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "542", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 542. PROCESSING AND SETTLEMENT OF CLAIMS", "url": "/statutes/IN/542.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/542.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for how Texas insurers must handle claims, from the time a claim is filed until it is paid or settled. It bans unfair practices, requires timely acknowledgments, investigations, and payments, and gives the department power to monitor, investigate, and enforce compliance. It also outlines how claim information must be provided to policyholders and certain officials, and includes special provisions for deductible recovery, water‑damage claims, and recovery from uninsured third parties.", "questions_answered": [ "How quickly must an insurer acknowledge a claim in Texas?", "What actions are considered unfair claim settlement practices?", "What are the deadlines for insurers to accept or reject a claim?", "What can a Texas insurance department do if an insurer delays payment?", "Can I request information about other claims on my policy?", "How are deductible amounts handled when a third party may be responsible?", "Are there special rules for water‑damage claims under a homeowner’s policy?", "Can a police or fire official request claim information from an insurer?", "What penalties apply if an insurer violates the claim‑settlement rules?", "How can I appeal a cease‑and‑desist order issued to an insurer?", "What interest and fees can I recover if my claim is paid late?", "Can an insurer force me to go to court to get my claim paid?" ], "issue_tags": [ "claim-processing", "unfair-practices", "timely-payment", "claim-information", "deductible-recovery", "water-damage", "insurer-enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "Unfair Claim Settlement Practices Act", "Texas claim settlement rules", "Insurance claim processing statutes", "Texas Insurance Code Chapter 542", "Prompt payment of claims provisions", "Claim handling regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "542A", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 542A. CERTAIN CONSUMER ACTIONS RELATED TO CLAIMS FOR PROPERTY DAMAGE", "url": "/statutes/IN/542A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/542A.json", "summary": "This chapter tells homeowners how to handle a property damage insurance claim before going to court. It requires a written notice to the insurer at least 61 days before filing a lawsuit, gives the insurer a chance to inspect the damaged property, and sets rules for dismissing a case if those steps aren’t followed. It also lets the insurer step into the shoes of its agent and limits the amount of attorney fees a claimant can recover.", "questions_answered": [ "How many days before I file a lawsuit must I give written notice to my insurer?", "What information must be included in the notice to the insurer?", "Can the insurer take over the liability of its agent in my claim?", "What happens if the insurer doesn’t get a chance to inspect my damaged property before I sue?", "How can a lawsuit be dismissed for not following the notice or inspection rules?", "What are the deadlines for filing a plea in abatement and how does it work?", "How are attorney fees calculated and limited in a property damage claim lawsuit?", "Can I combine this notice with other legal notices I have to give?", "What if my insurer is in receivership—can it still make an election of liability?", "Will the jury know if the insurer has elected to assume the agent’s liability?", "What if I can’t give the presuit notice because the deadline would expire?" ], "issue_tags": [ "property-damage-claims", "presuit-notice", "insurer-agent-liability", "claim-inspection", "claim-abatement", "attorney-fees" ], "synonyms": [ "pre-suit notice requirements for property insurance claims", "insurance claim notice and inspection rules", "insurer election of liability", "claimant notice and abatement provisions", "Texas insurance claim litigation procedures" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "543", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 543. PROHIBITED PRACTICES RELATED TO POLICY OR CERTIFICATE OF MEMBERSHIP", "url": "/statutes/IN/543.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/543.json", "summary": "This chapter stops insurers and their staff from lying or being vague about what an insurance policy or membership certificate actually provides. It requires all contract terms to be written in the policy itself and bans any special fund sharing that isn’t disclosed. If someone breaks these rules, the state can suspend or take away their insurance license and may charge them with a misdemeanor.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an insurance agent tell me about benefits that aren’t in the written policy?", "Is it illegal for an insurer to use a misleading name for a policy or membership class?", "What happens if an insurer misrepresents the dividends or surplus I might receive?", "Am I protected if a policy illustration shows something that isn’t true?", "Can a policy include a hidden clause that shares premiums with a special fund?", "What are the penalties if an insurer or its representative lies about policy terms?", "Do I need a written contract for every insurance agreement, or can it be verbal?", "Can an insurer force me to surrender my policy by giving me false information?", "What authority does the commissioner have if an insurer breaks these rules?", "Is a misdemeanor charge possible for misrepresenting an insurance policy?" ], "issue_tags": [ "deceptive-practices", "insurance-misrepresentation", "policy-contract", "regulatory-penalties", "consumer-protection" ], "synonyms": [ "prohibited insurance practices", "policy misrepresentation rules", "insurance deception prohibitions", "insurance policy truthfulness requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "544", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 544. PROHIBITED DISCRIMINATION", "url": "/statutes/IN/544.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/544.json", "summary": "Chapter 544 of the Texas Insurance Code bars insurers and health‑benefit plan issuers from treating people unfairly because of characteristics like race, gender, age, disability, marital status, or other protected traits. It also forbids discrimination based on specific situations such as being a domestic‑violence victim, having a fibrocystic breast condition, being an organ donor, political affiliation, asbestos or silica exposure, mold or water‑damage history, English fluency, or church‑related fire risk. The chapter sets out exceptions, enforcement procedures, and penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an insurance company charge me a higher premium because I am widowed or my marital status shows a spouse’s death?", "Is it illegal for my health insurer to deny or limit coverage because I have a fibrocystic breast condition?", "May an insurer use my English language ability or literacy level to set my rates?", "Can a life insurer or health plan refuse coverage to me because I am a victim of family violence?", "Am I protected if my homeowner’s insurance company wants to deny me coverage after a mold claim was remediated?", "Is discrimination based on political affiliation or expression prohibited for insurers?", "Can an insurer charge higher rates or deny coverage because I am a living organ donor?", "Are fire insurers allowed to cancel a church’s policy because of an arson threat?", "What penalties can the Texas insurance commissioner impose for discriminatory insurance practices?", "May an insurer use my past water‑damage claim to set my premium or decide whether to issue a policy?" ], "issue_tags": [ "prohibited-discrimination", "insurance-coverage", "underwriting-practices", "consumer-protection", "health-benefit", "civil-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Prohibited Discrimination Chapter", "Insurance Non-Discrimination Rules", "Texas Insurance Anti-Discrimination Statutes", "Chapter 544", "Discrimination Prohibition in Insurance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "545", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 545. HIV TESTING", "url": "/statutes/IN/545.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/545.json", "summary": "This chapter tells health insurers how they can ask insurance applicants to take HIV tests. It requires that any testing be based on medical reasons, that applicants get a clear explanation and separate written consent, and that test results stay confidential. It also sets out the penalties, both civil and criminal, for insurers who break these rules.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an insurance company require me to take an HIV test when I apply for coverage?", "What reasons are allowed for an insurer to ask for an HIV test?", "Do insurers have to explain why they need an HIV test?", "How must I give written consent for an HIV test requested by an insurer?", "Who is allowed to see my HIV test results?", "What can I do if my insurer shares my HIV test result without my permission?", "Is there a fee for receiving written notice of a positive HIV test result?", "Can an insurer use my marital status, occupation, sex, or zip code to decide who gets tested?", "What civil damages can I recover if my HIV test result is disclosed improperly?", "What criminal penalties could an insurer face for violating the HIV testing rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hiv-testing", "insurance-underwriting", "confidentiality", "nondiscrimination", "civil-penalties", "criminal-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas HIV testing regulations for insurers", "Insurance Code Chapter 545", "HIV test rules for health insurance applicants", "Texas health insurer HIV testing requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "546", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 546. USE OF GENETIC TESTING INFORMATION", "url": "/statutes/IN/546.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/546.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for how health insurance plans can handle genetic testing. It requires insurers to give notice and get written consent before asking for a test, bans them from using the results to deny coverage, raise premiums, or otherwise discriminate, and makes genetic information confidential with specific disclosure and destruction requirements. Violations can lead to cease‑and‑desist orders and administrative penalties.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a health insurance plan require me to take a genetic test before I get coverage?", "What must an insurer do before asking me to submit to a genetic test?", "Do I have the right to refuse a genetic test, and can the insurer punish me for refusing?", "Can an insurer use my genetic test results to deny coverage or increase my premiums?", "Can a health plan use my genetic information to pressure a pregnant woman to have an abortion?", "Who is allowed to see my genetic test results and how must they be kept confidential?", "What are the rules for destroying my DNA sample after a genetic test?", "Are there any situations where my genetic information can be shared without my permission?", "What penalties can an insurer face if it violates these genetic‑testing rules?", "Can my genetic test results be used for research or actuarial studies without my consent?" ], "issue_tags": [ "genetic-testing", "health-insurance", "privacy", "consent", "discrimination", "confidentiality", "enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "genetic information protection", "DNA testing regulations", "health plan genetic privacy rules", "genetic data use in insurance", "genetic test result confidentiality" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "547", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 547. FALSE ADVERTISING BY UNAUTHORIZED INSURERS", "url": "/statutes/IN/547.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/547.json", "summary": "This chapter stops foreign or out‑of‑state insurance companies that aren't authorized in Texas from making false or misleading statements about their financial health, policy terms, benefits, or dividends. It requires the state insurance department to notify the insurer’s home state if a violation is suspected and to take enforcement action if the insurer continues the false advertising.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a foreign insurance company advertise in Texas without a license?", "What kinds of false statements are illegal for an unauthorized insurer?", "What does the law consider a misrepresentation in an insurance advertisement?", "How does the state notify an out‑of‑state insurer of a suspected violation?", "What steps does the Texas insurance department take if an insurer doesn’t stop false advertising?", "Are there penalties for foreign insurers that continue to mislead Texas residents?", "What types of insurance materials (ads, pamphlets, TV spots) are covered by this rule?", "Does the law protect consumers from false promises about policy benefits?", "What is the role of the insurer’s domiciliary state in enforcement actions?", "Can an insurer be stopped from selling policies in Texas if it misrepresents its financial condition?" ], "issue_tags": [ "false-advertising", "unauthorized-insurers", "consumer-protection", "insurance-regulation", "cross-border-insurance", "enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "unauthorized insurer false advertising", "foreign insurer advertising restrictions", "misrepresentation by alien insurers", "illegal insurance advertising", "out-of-state insurer advertising rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "548", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 548. INSURER INSIDER TRADING AND PROXY REGULATION", "url": "/statutes/IN/548.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/548.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for insiders of Texas domestic stock insurers, requiring them to report their equity holdings, limiting how they can trade those securities, and governing proxy solicitations. It also defines exemptions, outlines how profits from short‑term insider trades may be recovered, and establishes civil and criminal penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "When must an insider of a domestic stock insurer file a statement of their equity holdings?", "What types of transactions are prohibited for officers, directors, or large shareholders of an insurer?", "Can an insider keep profits earned from buying and selling insurer stock within six months?", "What are the penalties if someone violates the insurer insider‑trading rules?", "Are there any securities that are exempt from these insider‑trading restrictions?", "How are proxy solicitations for insurer stock supposed to be handled?", "What deadlines apply for reporting changes in ownership of insurer equity securities?", "Can an insider be criminally charged for filing a false ownership statement?", "Do the rules apply to securities that are listed on a national exchange?", "What defenses are available if an insider unintentionally violates a reporting rule?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insider-trading", "proxy-solicitation", "insurance-regulation", "securities-reporting", "penalties", "exempt-securities" ], "synonyms": [ "insurer insider trading rules", "Texas insurance insider regulations", "insurance proxy solicitation chapter", "equity security rules for domestic stock insurers", "insurance insider reporting requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "549", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 549. PROHIBITED PRACTICES RELATING TO PROPERTY INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/549.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/549.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules that protect borrowers when lenders require property insurance. It limits fees lenders can charge for switching policies, bans lenders from forcing borrowers to use a specific insurer or agent, and defines how insurance binders and coverage amounts may be used. It also provides remedies for borrowers if lenders break these rules.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a lender charge me more than $10 to change my insurance policy?", "Am I allowed to get my insurance from any company, or can the lender force me to use a specific insurer?", "Can a lender use information from my insurance policy to sell me insurance?", "When can a lender require me to show proof of insurance before my current policy ends?", "Will a lender accept an insurance binder instead of the actual policy when I close a mortgage?", "Can a lender require me to buy insurance coverage that is higher than the replacement cost of my home?", "What happens to my insurance premium if my property is foreclosed and the lender cancels the policy?", "What damages can I recover if a lender violates these insurance rules?", "Are these rules applied to title insurance policies?", "Can a lender require me to provide evidence of insurance earlier than 15 days before my policy expires?" ], "issue_tags": [ "property-insurance", "lender-restrictions", "prohibited-fees", "insurance-binders", "coverage-amounts", "consumer-protection" ], "synonyms": [ "prohibited practices relating to property insurance", "Texas insurance code chapter 549", "lender insurance requirements", "property insurance lender rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "550", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 550. PROHIBITED PRACTICES RELATING TO PAYMENTS", "url": "/statutes/IN/550.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/550.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you which fees an insurer can ask for when you apply for or renew a policy, limiting charges to things like premiums, taxes, and certain service fees. It also requires insurers to give you advance notice before raising any automatic premium payment, and lets you object to the increase. Violations can lead to criminal penalties.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an insurance company ask me to pay fees that aren't listed as allowed?", "What types of fees are insurers allowed to collect when I apply for insurance?", "Can an insurer require me to pay membership dues to get or keep my policy?", "How much notice must I receive before my automatic premium payment is increased?", "What information must the insurer include in the notice about a premium increase?", "What can I do if I want to object to a premium increase?", "Are there limits on how small a premium increase can be without notice?", "Does the insurer have to tell me about a premium increase if the policy already lists a schedule of increases?", "Can a sponsoring organization ask for a voluntary contribution separate from my insurance billing?", "What penalties apply if an insurer violates these payment rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-fees", "premium-increases", "consumer-protection", "prohibited-practices", "automatic-payments", "notice-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "Prohibited Payment Practices", "Insurance Fee Restrictions", "Automatic Premium Increase Rules", "Insurance Payment Solicitation Rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "551", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 551. PRACTICES RELATING TO DECLINATION, CANCELLATION, AND NONRENEWAL OF INSURANCE POLICIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/551.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/551.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for how insurers must handle denying, canceling, or not renewing insurance policies. It requires insurers to give written reasons, specific notice timing, and periodic reporting, and limits when they can cancel or refuse renewal, especially for certain types of policies. It also protects insurers from liability for good‑faith disclosures and prohibits tying policies together.", "questions_answered": [ "How must an insurer tell me why my policy was declined, canceled, or not renewed?", "When does an insurance company have to give notice before canceling my policy?", "Can an insurer cancel my policy without cause during the first 60 days of coverage?", "Are insurers allowed to require membership dues to issue or renew a policy?", "What are the notice requirements for commercial insurance declinations and cancellations?", "Can an insurer cancel my policy if I fail to pay premiums or commit fraud?", "Is it illegal for an insurer to make my home insurance depend on buying car insurance from the same company?", "Do I have the right to receive a written statement explaining a nonrenewal decision?", "How often must insurers report reasons for declinations, cancellations, or nonrenewals to the state?", "Can an insurer refuse to renew my personal auto policy because of my age?" ], "issue_tags": [ "policy-declination", "cancellation-notice", "nonrenewal-rules", "insurance-disclosure", "consumer-protection", "tying-restrictions", "portable-electronics" ], "synonyms": [ "insurance policy cancellation rules", "declination and nonrenewal regulations", "insurance policy termination guidelines", "Texas insurance declination/cancellation statutes", "policy nonrenewal requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "552", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 552. ILLEGAL PRICING PRACTICES", "url": "/statutes/IN/552.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/552.json", "summary": "This chapter makes it illegal for health‑care providers to charge two different prices for the same service when the higher price is based on the fact that an insurer will pay part or all of it. The rule does not apply to Medicaid or Medicare patients, indigent patients who qualify for sliding‑scale or charity‑care programs, or uninsured patients covered by a provider’s written policy. Violating the rule is a Class B misdemeanor, and the chapter does not override any other state or federal law.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a doctor charge me more because my insurance will pay for the service?", "Is it illegal for a hospital to have higher fees for patients with private insurance?", "What penalty does Texas impose for charging different prices based on insurance coverage?", "Does this law apply to Medicaid or Medicare patients?", "Are patients who receive care under a sliding fee scale exempt from the pricing rule?", "Can a health‑care provider set different prices for uninsured patients?", "What counts as a fraudulent insurance act under this chapter?", "Does the law prevent a provider from contracting with an insurer or PPO?", "What is a Class B misdemeanor in the context of health‑care pricing?", "Are charity‑care policies affected by the illegal pricing rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "illegal-pricing", "health-care-pricing", "insurance-fraud", "consumer-protection", "price-discrimination", "class-b-misdemeanor" ], "synonyms": [ "illegal pricing practices", "price discrimination in health care", "charging different prices based on insurer", "fraudulent insurance pricing", "health provider pricing rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "553", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 553. ENFORCEMENT OF INSURANCE POLICIES REGARDING HOLOCAUST VICTIMS", "url": "/statutes/IN/553.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/553.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Holocaust victims or their heirs who live in Texas file lawsuits against insurers for policies bought or active in Europe before 1946. It pauses the usual time limits for filing such claims and makes insurers liable if they deny a claim or use a statute‑of‑limitations defense. The state insurance commissioner can investigate, sanction, or refer violations to the attorney general.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a Holocaust survivor or their family sue an insurance company in Texas for a policy from before 1946?", "Does Texas law remove the deadline for filing a Holocaust‑era insurance claim?", "What happens if an insurer denies a Holocaust claim because it is allegedly too old?", "Who qualifies as a Holocaust victim under this law?", "Can I bring a claim for a life insurance policy that was issued in Europe before 1946?", "What enforcement actions can the Texas insurance commissioner take against an insurer that violates this chapter?", "Are reinsurance companies also covered by this law?", "Do heirs or beneficiaries have the same rights as the original Holocaust victim under this statute?", "What types of insurance policies are included in the law?", "Can the attorney general get involved if an insurer refuses to honor a Holocaust claim?" ], "issue_tags": [ "holocaust-claims", "insurance-claims", "statute-of-limitations", "consumer-protection", "insurance-enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "Holocaust victim insurance restitution", "World War II insurance claim law", "Texas Holocaust insurance enforcement", "Holocaust-era policy recovery", "Insurance claims for Holocaust survivors" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "554", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 554. BURDEN OF PROOF AND PLEADING", "url": "/statutes/IN/554.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/554.json", "summary": "This chapter says that when a consumer sues an insurer or health‑maintenance organization in Texas, the insurer must prove any claim that the policy does not cover, such as exclusions or other defenses. It applies to every kind of insurance company and health plan operating in the state, even those without a formal certificate of authority. Any contract language that tries to limit coverage is treated as an affirmative defense that the insurer has to substantiate.", "questions_answered": [ "Who has to prove that a policy exclusion applies in an insurance lawsuit?", "Do I need to prove my insurer's defense when I file a claim?", "What defenses can an insurer raise in a Texas insurance case?", "Does the insurer have to prove that a contract clause limits coverage?", "Are all types of insurers and health plans covered by this rule?", "What is the burden of proof for an insurer in a health‑maintenance organization dispute?", "Can a non‑licensed insurer be subject to the same pleading requirements?", "What does ‘affirmative defense’ mean for an insurance contract?", "If my insurer says my claim is excluded, who must show that?", "Do I need to include the insurer’s defenses in my initial complaint?", "How does Texas law treat contract language that tries to limit coverage?", "What types of insurance companies are subject to the burden‑of‑proof rule?" ], "issue_tags": [ "burden-of-proof", "insurance-litigation", "affirmative-defenses", "contract-exclusions", "texas-insurance-law", "health-maintenance-organization", "pleading-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "burden of proof for insurers", "insurance contract defenses", "affirmative defense pleading", "insurance exclusion language", "Texas Insurance Code Chapter 554", "insurer's proof obligation", "insurance claim pleading rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "555", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 555. FAILURE TO SATISFY JUDGMENT", "url": "/statutes/IN/555.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/555.json", "summary": "This chapter says that if a court orders an insurance company to pay a judgment and the company doesn't pay within 31 days after being notified, the state will cancel its license to do business until the payment is made. The rule does not apply to insurers that fall under a different set of regulations (Chapter 841).", "questions_answered": [ "What happens if an insurance company doesn't pay a court judgment?", "How many days does an insurer have to pay after being notified of a judgment execution?", "Can an insurer keep operating in Texas if it fails to satisfy a judgment?", "Does this rule apply to every insurance company?", "What is a certificate of authority and how can it be revoked?", "Will an insurer be allowed to do business again after paying the judgment?", "What types of insurers are exempt from this chapter?", "What is an execution on a judgment and how does it trigger the deadline?", "Who is responsible for enforcing the revocation of an insurer's authority?", "How does this chapter protect consumers when an insurer doesn't pay a judgment?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-judgment", "certificate-revocation", "insurer-compliance", "consumer-protection", "judgment-enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "failure to satisfy judgment", "judgment enforcement against insurers", "insurance certificate revocation", "insurer judgment default", "insurance judgment compliance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "556", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 556. UNFAIR METHODS OF COMPETITION AND UNFAIR PRACTICES BY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/556.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/556.json", "summary": "This chapter stops banks and their affiliates from forcing or misleading customers into buying insurance as a condition of getting credit. It requires clear disclosures that insurance sold through a bank isn’t FDIC insured or guaranteed by the bank, and it separates insurance sales areas from loan services. It also limits referrals, protects customer information, and sets rules for small banks and certain credit‑related insurance products.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a bank require me to buy insurance to get a loan or better loan terms?", "What must a bank tell me about insurance sold through its branches or affiliates?", "Is insurance sold by a bank covered by the FDIC or guaranteed by the bank?", "Can a bank employee refer me to an insurance agent before my loan is approved?", "May a bank use my private banking information to sell me insurance?", "Do banks have to keep the insurance sales area separate from the loan and deposit areas?", "Are small banks exempt from these insurance‑sale rules?", "What does “tying” mean when a bank sells insurance with a loan?", "What signage is required where insurance is sold inside a bank?", "Can the same person be both the loan officer and the insurance salesperson in a transaction?" ], "issue_tags": [ "unfair-practices", "insurance-disclosure", "bank-tied-sales", "consumer-protection", "loan-insurance", "data-use", "referral-restrictions" ], "synonyms": [ "Bank insurance sales regulations", "Unfair insurance practices by depository institutions", "Insurance tie‑in rules for banks", "Bank insurance disclosure requirements", "Financial institution insurance competition rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "557", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 557. INSURED PROPERTY SUBJECT TO SECURITY INTEREST", "url": "/statutes/IN/557.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/557.json", "summary": "This chapter tells lenders how to handle insurance money they receive for damage to a home that they have a mortgage on. It requires lenders to notify the homeowner of any conditions before releasing the funds, sets deadlines for those notices, and imposes interest penalties if they delay. It also sets rules for lienholders when an insurance check for personal property needs their endorsement, including a deadline and possible civil penalties.", "questions_answered": [ "When must my mortgage lender tell me about insurance proceeds they are holding?", "What information does the lender have to give me before they release insurance money for home repairs?", "How long does the lender have to decide whether to release or refuse the insurance funds?", "What happens if my lender doesn’t give me the required notice about insurance proceeds?", "Will I earn interest on insurance money that my lender is holding, and how is it calculated?", "Does the lender have to pay interest if the insurance money is used to pay down my loan?", "How quickly must a lienholder endorse an insurance check for personal property?", "What must a lienholder provide if they refuse to endorse the insurance check?", "What penalties can be imposed on a lienholder who doesn’t follow the endorsement deadline?", "Can the attorney general take action against a lienholder who violates these rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-proceeds", "lender-notice", "interest-penalties", "lienholder-endorsement", "civil-penalty" ], "synonyms": [ "insured property security interest rules", "lender insurance proceeds requirements", "lienholder insurance claim approval process", "insurance claim payment timelines for lenders" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "558", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 558. REFUND OF UNEARNED PREMIUM", "url": "/statutes/IN/558.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/558.json", "summary": "This chapter tells insurance companies they must give back the portion of a premium that covers time left on a policy when the policy ends early. It sets deadlines for those refunds, explains which types of insurers are covered, and notes that guaranty associations follow similar rules. The law also clarifies that refunds to premium‑finance companies are handled under a different provision.", "questions_answered": [ "What happens to my insurance premium if I cancel my policy before it ends?", "How soon must an insurer return the unused part of my premium after I cancel?", "Does this refund rule apply to my auto or home insurance policy?", "Who is considered an insurer under this refund law?", "What is an unearned premium reserve and why does it matter?", "Do weekends or holidays affect the deadline for getting my refund?", "If a guaranty association is handling my policy, how does the refund process work?", "Can an insurance premium finance company keep any of the unearned premium?", "Are there different refund timelines for personal automobile versus residential property insurance?", "What steps does the insurance commissioner take to determine the refund amount?" ], "issue_tags": [ "unearned-premium", "refund-deadlines", "insurance-cancellation", "insurer-definition", "guaranty-association", "premium-finance" ], "synonyms": [ "Refund of Unearned Premium", "Unused Premium Refund", "Early Cancellation Refund", "Premium Return Rules", "Unearned Premium Refund Requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "559", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 559. CREDIT SCORING AND CREDIT INFORMATION", "url": "/statutes/IN/559.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/559.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for Texas insurers on how they can use credit scores and credit reports when deciding personal insurance rates and coverage. It requires insurers to disclose credit use, limits what credit information can affect decisions, and provides consumers with notice and correction rights if a credit-based action harms them. Insurers must also periodically update credit data, file their scoring models with the state, and follow specific procedures for disputes and extraordinary circumstances.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an insurer use my credit score to determine my car or home insurance premium?", "What must an insurer tell me if they deny or cancel my policy because of my credit information?", "Is it illegal for an insurer to deny coverage only based on my credit report?", "How often does my insurer have to review and update my credit information?", "What can I do if the credit report used by my insurer is inaccurate?", "Do insurers have to let me know if they are using credit scoring when I apply for insurance?", "Can a credit reporting agency sell my insurance policy details to other companies?", "Which credit factors are prohibited from being used as negative influences in insurance scoring?", "Can I request a re‑rating of my policy based on a newer credit score?", "What qualifies as an extraordinary event that might let me avoid a credit‑based penalty?", "Do insurers need to file their credit scoring models with the state, and can I see them?", "What are the penalties if an insurer breaks these credit‑scoring rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "credit-scoring", "insurance-underwriting", "consumer-disclosure", "adverse-action-notice", "dispute-resolution", "credit-reporting", "insurance-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "insurance credit scoring rules", "Texas credit information use in personal insurance", "consumer credit underwriting statutes", "credit-based insurance rating regulations", "insurance credit report disclosure law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "560", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 560. PROHIBITED RATES", "url": "/statutes/IN/560.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/560.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas insurance companies that the premiums they charge must be fair, reasonable, and enough to cover expected losses. It bans rates that are too low (confiscatory), too high (excessive), or that discriminate based on race, creed, color, ethnicity, or national origin. The law also defines which entities are considered insurers for these rules.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an insurance company charge me a higher premium because of my race or ethnicity?", "What does it mean for an insurance rate to be \"excessive\" or \"confiscatory\"?", "Are insurance premiums required to be based on sound actuarial data?", "What types of insurance companies must follow these rate rules in Texas?", "Can an insurer set a price that is too low to cover its expected losses?", "What happens if an insurance rate threatens the company's solvency?", "Do these rules prevent an insurer from creating a monopoly by pricing unfairly?", "How does Texas define an insurer for the purpose of rate regulations?", "Are rates that are unfairly discriminatory illegal in Texas?", "What criteria determine whether a rate is reasonable and adequate?" ], "issue_tags": [ "prohibited-rates", "insurance-pricing", "unfair-discrimination", "rate-regulation", "actuarial-standards", "consumer-protection" ], "synonyms": [ "Prohibited Rates Chapter", "Texas Insurance Rate Restrictions", "Unfair Insurance Pricing Rules", "Insurance Rate Prohibition Statute", "Rate Regulation Chapter 560" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "562", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 562. UNFAIR METHODS OF COMPETITION AND UNFAIR OR DECEPTIVE ACTS OR PRACTICES REGARDING DISCOUNT HEALTH CARE PROGRAMS", "url": "/statutes/IN/562.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/562.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for discount health care programs in Texas, defining what counts as unfair competition or deceptive practices and banning those behaviors. It requires program operators to register, post a bond, clearly tell members they are not buying insurance, and provide specific disclosures and refunds. The law also gives the state agency and the attorney general power to investigate, hold hearings, and impose penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a discount health care program call itself insurance or use insurance‑like terms?", "What disclosures must a discount health care program give to its members?", "Is it illegal to advertise a discount health card as a Medicare prescription discount card?", "Do discount health care programs have to register with the Texas Department of Insurance?", "What penalties apply if a discount health program makes false or misleading advertisements?", "Can a discount health program require a pharmacy to join its provider network as a condition for discounts?", "What refund rights does a member have if they cancel their discount health program within 30 days?", "What wording must appear on the membership card for a discount health care program?", "Who can enforce the rules against unfair or deceptive practices in discount health programs?", "Can the Texas attorney general sue a discount health program for deceptive conduct?", "What bond amount is required for a discount health program operator?", "Where must a lawsuit against a discount health program be filed in Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "discount-health-care", "deceptive-practices", "consumer-protection", "registration", "false-advertising", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "discount health care program regulations", "discount health plan rules", "Texas discount health care statutes", "unfair competition in discount health programs", "deceptive acts in health discount programs" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "563", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 563. PRACTICES RELATING TO CLAIMS REPORTING", "url": "/statutes/IN/563.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/563.json", "summary": "This chapter stops insurers from putting information about a policyholder’s question or inquiry into a shared claims database until the policyholder actually files a claim. It defines what a claims database is and sets the rule that only claim‑related data can be reported. The purpose is to protect consumers from having their inquiry details shared without a claim.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my insurer put my coverage question into a shared database before I file a claim?", "What information can an insurance company share with other insurers about my policy?", "When is it allowed for an insurer to report my claim information to a claims database?", "Does a request for a quote count as a claim that can be reported?", "Are there any exceptions that let insurers share inquiry data before a claim is filed?", "What does \"claims database\" mean in the context of my auto or home insurance?", "Can an insurance agent report my inquiry to a claims database on my behalf?", "What protections do I have if my insurer tries to share my inquiry details?", "Does this rule apply to both personal auto and residential property insurance?", "How does this law affect my privacy when I ask my insurer about coverage?" ], "issue_tags": [ "claims-reporting", "insurance-data-sharing", "consumer-protection", "privacy", "auto-insurance", "property-insurance" ], "synonyms": [ "claims database reporting rules", "insurance inquiry reporting restrictions", "claims reporting prohibitions", "insurance data sharing limitations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "564", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 564. DISCLOSURES FOR THE SALE OF CERTAIN OCCUPATIONAL INSURANCE POLICIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/564.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/564.json", "summary": "This chapter forces insurers to put a bold warning on certain occupational insurance policies that they are not workers' compensation coverage. It tells employers that buying such a policy does not replace the legal duties and benefits of workers' comp, and it applies to most accident, health, and liability insurers except for limited plans like dental or Medicare supplemental policies. The rule aims to keep employers aware of their ongoing obligations under state workers' comp laws.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I still need workers' compensation insurance if I buy an occupational insurance policy?", "What exact warning must appear on an occupational insurance policy?", "Which types of insurance policies are required to have the workers' comp disclaimer?", "Are dental, vision, or Medicare supplemental policies exempt from this rule?", "Can a surplus lines insurer sell an occupational policy without the required disclosure?", "What does the required disclosure statement say in plain language?", "Do I have to post workers' compensation notices even when I have an occupational policy?", "What kinds of coverage count as an 'occupational policy' under this chapter?", "Who decides which policies need the workers' comp disclaimer?", "When did the disclosure requirement become effective in Texas?", "Are long‑term care or home health policies covered by this chapter?", "What happens if the required disclosure is missing from the policy documents?" ], "issue_tags": [ "occupational-insurance", "workers-comp-disclosure", "insurance-regulation", "policy-forms", "employer-obligations", "insurance-exemptions" ], "synonyms": [ "occupational accident insurance", "occupational health insurance", "employer liability insurance", "non‑workers‑comp coverage", "occupational policy disclosure" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "565", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 565. PROHIBITED RATING CRITERIA", "url": "/statutes/IN/565.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/565.json", "summary": "This chapter stops Texas insurers from using environmental, social, or governance (ESG) scores to set different rates for similar risks unless the rating is based on sound actuarial data. It applies to most insurance policies issued in the state, but not to bonds or crop insurance, and it does not force insurers to adopt any ESG rules that aren’t specifically authorized by law.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an insurance company charge a higher premium because a business has a poor ESG score?", "Are insurers allowed to use ESG factors when deciding rates for similar risks?", "Does this law apply to all types of insurance policies in Texas?", "What exceptions exist for using ESG information in insurance rating?", "Are crop insurance policies subject to the ESG rating restrictions?", "Can a regulator force insurers to follow a national ESG standard that isn’t in Texas law?", "What does “ordinary insurance business purpose” mean for ESG rating exceptions?", "Do life and health insurers have to follow the same ESG rating rules as property insurers?", "Is there a private right of action if an insurer uses prohibited ESG criteria?", "How does the law define which insurers are covered by the ESG rating ban?" ], "issue_tags": [ "esg-rating", "insurance-rate-setting", "consumer-protection", "actuarial-principles", "non-discrimination" ], "synonyms": [ "Prohibited Rating Criteria", "ESG rating restrictions", "Insurance ESG rules", "Environmental Social Governance rating ban", "Texas insurance ESG prohibition" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "566", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 566. BILLING FOR CERTAIN MEDICAL EQUIPMENT, DEVICES, AND SUPPLIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/566.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/566.json", "summary": "This chapter sets limits on how nonparticipating suppliers can bill Medicare beneficiaries for durable medical equipment, orthotic devices, and prosthetic devices. They may not charge more than 115% of the Medicare-approved amount unless the patient signs a written agreement and either pays the extra amount up front or arranges a rental payment plan. The law also requires clear notice about Medicare reimbursement and treats violations as deceptive practices that can lead to misdemeanor charges.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a supplier charge me more than the Medicare-approved amount for my medical equipment?", "What is the maximum percentage a nonparticipating supplier can bill me over the Medicare rate?", "Do I have to sign a written agreement before being billed for durable medical equipment?", "What notice must a supplier give me about Medicare reimbursement and extra charges?", "What options do I have if I need to pay the amount that exceeds the Medicare limit?", "What counts as a nonparticipating supplier under this law?", "Which types of equipment are covered by these billing rules?", "Are Medicare supplement plans required to cover any amount that exceeds the 115% limit?", "What penalties can a supplier face for overcharging Medicare beneficiaries?", "Is violating these billing rules considered a deceptive trade practice?", "Can a supplier be fined or prosecuted for intentionally breaking this chapter?", "Which courts have jurisdiction to handle criminal offenses under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "billing", "medicare", "durable-medical-equipment", "nonparticipating-suppliers", "consumer-protection", "deceptive-practices" ], "synonyms": [ "Medicare equipment billing rules", "Nonparticipating supplier billing limits", "Durable medical equipment charge restrictions", "Texas Medicare billing regulations", "Medical equipment overcharge prohibition" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "601", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 601. PRIVACY", "url": "/statutes/IN/601.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/601.json", "summary": "This chapter sets privacy requirements for insurance companies and related entities in Texas. It defines who is covered, requires compliance with federal privacy rules, lets the state adopt stricter standards, and gives the attorney general power to enforce the rules with civil penalties. The law also explains how health‑related information is handled and outlines the department’s rule‑making duties.", "questions_answered": [ "What privacy rules must my insurance company follow in Texas?", "Does an insurance agent have to follow the same privacy rules as the insurer?", "Who counts as a covered entity under Texas insurance privacy law?", "What is an affiliate and how does it affect privacy obligations?", "Can the state enforce stricter privacy standards than the federal law?", "What civil penalties can be imposed for privacy violations by insurers?", "Can the attorney general sue an insurance company for breaching privacy?", "Do non‑affiliated third parties have to follow the same privacy rules?", "How is health‑related information protected for insurance entities?", "What rules can the insurance commissioner adopt to implement privacy standards?", "Can I obtain injunctive relief if my insurer mishandles my personal data?", "What are the maximum fines for repeated privacy violations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-privacy", "data-protection", "covered-entity", "civil-penalties", "state-regulation", "affiliate-definition", "enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Insurance Privacy Act", "Chapter 601 Insurance Code", "Insurance privacy provisions", "Texas insurance data privacy rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "602", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 602. PRIVACY OF HEALTH INFORMATION", "url": "/statutes/IN/602.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/602.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for Texas insurance companies, health maintenance organizations, and agents on how they must protect and share personal health information. It requires a clear, written authorization before nonpublic health data can be disclosed, outlines the details that authorization must contain, and lists many insurance‑related activities that are allowed without consent. The law also defines penalties, including civil fines and possible license revocation, for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do insurance companies need my written permission before they can share my medical records?", "What must be included in an authorization form for my health information to be disclosed?", "How long can an authorization to share my health data be valid?", "Can my insurer share my health information without my consent for underwriting or fraud investigation?", "What types of entities are considered \"covered entities\" under this law?", "How can I revoke an authorization that allows my health information to be shared?", "What penalties can the state impose if an insurer violates these privacy rules?", "Does this chapter apply if the insurer already follows federal HIPAA regulations?", "What insurance‑related activities are allowed to use my health data without my authorization?", "What record‑keeping requirements does the law impose on insurers regarding authorizations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "privacy-health-information", "insurance-privacy", "authorization-requirements", "covered-entity", "penalties", "HIPAA-exemption", "health-data-disclosure" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Insurance Code Chapter 602", "Health Information Privacy Act", "Texas health data privacy statute", "Insurance privacy provisions", "Nonpublic personal health information rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "651", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 651. FINANCING OF INSURANCE PREMIUMS", "url": "/statutes/IN/651.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/651.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for financing insurance premiums in Texas. It requires anyone who offers premium financing to be licensed, outlines what must be included in financing agreements and disclosures, limits fees and interest, and establishes record‑keeping, reporting, and enforcement requirements. The chapter also details how licenses are applied for, renewed, and revoked, and it prohibits deceptive advertising and certain prohibited charges.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to offer insurance premium financing in Texas?", "What information must be included in a premium finance agreement?", "What interest rate and fee limits apply to insurance premium financing?", "Can an insurance agent charge interest on a premium finance and how is it calculated?", "How do I apply for a premium finance license and what fees are required?", "What records does a premium finance company have to keep and for how long?", "What happens if a premium finance company charges an unauthorized amount?", "Can I pay off my premium finance agreement early and get a refund?", "What are the penalties for operating a premium finance business without a license?", "How are license renewals handled and can a license be transferred?", "What advertising disclosures are required for premium financing offers?", "What steps must be taken if a premium finance agreement is cancelled?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-premium-financing", "licensing", "disclosures", "fees-and-interest", "recordkeeping", "enforcement", "consumer-protection" ], "synonyms": [ "premium finance regulations", "insurance premium financing rules", "insurance premium finance licensing", "premium financing statutes", "Texas insurance premium finance law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "701", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 701. INSURANCE FRAUD INVESTIGATIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/701.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/701.json", "summary": "Chapter 701 creates the Texas insurance fraud unit, requires anyone who suspects a fraudulent insurance act to report it within 30 days, and gives those reporters civil immunity. It authorizes the commissioner to investigate fraud, issue subpoenas, and work with law‑enforcement agencies, while keeping investigation information confidential. The chapter also mandates anti‑fraud education and allows the unit to accept gifts, except from regulated insurers.", "questions_answered": [ "What do I have to do if I think someone is committing insurance fraud?", "How soon must I report a suspected fraudulent insurance act?", "Am I protected from a lawsuit if I give information about insurance fraud?", "Can the state investigate insurance fraud that happens outside Texas?", "What powers does the insurance fraud unit have to gather evidence?", "Do insurance companies have to provide information to investigators?", "Can the insurance fraud unit accept donations or grants?", "Is information gathered in an insurance fraud investigation public?", "What is considered a fraudulent insurance act under Texas law?", "Can I report suspected fraud through an organization instead of doing it myself?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-fraud", "fraud-reporting-duty", "investigative-authority", "civil-immunity", "confidentiality", "anti-fraud-education" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Insurance Fraud Investigations Chapter", "Chapter 701 Insurance Fraud", "Insurance Fraud Unit statutes", "Texas insurance fraud reporting law", "Insurance fraud investigation code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "703", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 703. COVERED ENTITY'S ANTIFRAUD ACTION", "url": "/statutes/IN/703.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/703.json", "summary": "This chapter lets health insurers, HMOs and other covered insurance entities sue people who commit insurance fraud in Texas, even if the entity itself isn’t directly harmed. It sets out how the entity must notify the state, get a court to certify the case as an antifraud action, and how the court can award reasonable expenses and allow the entity to offset those costs against state debts. The chapter also explains how those expense offsets can be assigned or recorded as assets.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my health insurance company or HMO file a lawsuit against someone for insurance fraud?", "When can an insurer bring a fraud action even if it wasn’t directly affected by the fraud?", "What notice must a covered insurance entity give the state before filing an antifraud lawsuit?", "How does a court decide whether a lawsuit qualifies as an antifraud action under this chapter?", "Can the state or the attorney general intervene in an insurer’s fraud lawsuit?", "What types of costs can a court award to an insurer in an antifraud action?", "How does an insurer get a deduction or offset for the expenses it incurs in a fraud case?", "Is the insurer required to repay the state if it recovers money from the fraud defendant?", "Can an insurer transfer its antifraud expense deduction to another insurer or reinsurer?", "How should an insurer record an unused deduction or offset on its books?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-fraud", "covered-entity-action", "antifraud-certification", "expense-recovery", "deduction-offset", "state-intervention" ], "synonyms": [ "covered entity antifraud action", "insurance fraud lawsuit", "HMOs antifraud suit", "antifraud certification process", "insurance company fraud litigation", "state intervention in insurance fraud cases" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "704", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 704. ANTIFRAUD PROGRAMS", "url": "/statutes/IN/704.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/704.json", "summary": "This chapter requires health and workers' compensation insurers to create and follow an antifraud plan that outlines how they will spot, investigate, and report suspected fraud. It also mandates that claim forms include a warning that filing a false claim is a crime, and it sets out filing and coordination rules for insurers participating in Medicaid and child health programs.", "questions_answered": [ "Do health insurers have to put a warning about fraud on claim forms?", "What must an insurance company include in its antifraud plan?", "Are insurers required to file their antifraud plan with the state each year?", "How should insurers report suspected insurance fraud?", "Do Medicaid or child health plan insurers have different fraud‑reporting requirements?", "What types of insurers are considered \"plan issuers\" under this law?", "Can an insurer skip reporting to the insurance fraud unit if it already reports to another agency?", "What agencies work together to enforce fraud rules for Medicaid and child health plans?", "Is an insurer that only writes workers' compensation policies subject to these antifraud rules?", "What happens if someone knowingly files a false insurance claim?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-fraud", "antifraud-plan", "plan-issuer-requirements", "fraud-reporting", "medicaid-fraud", "claim-form-notice" ], "synonyms": [ "antifraud program requirements", "insurance fraud prevention statutes", "plan issuer fraud obligations", "fraud detection and reporting rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "705", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 705. MISREPRESENTATIONS BY POLICYHOLDERS", "url": "/statutes/IN/705.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/705.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you that insurance companies can't automatically void a policy just because the policyholder gave a false statement on a claim or on the application. The policy will only be voided if the false statement was fraudulent, material to the risk, or caused the insurer to lose a valid defense, and the insurer must follow specific notice rules. It also adds special rules for life, accident, and health insurance about when a misstatement matters.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an insurer cancel my policy because I made a mistake on the application?", "Does a false statement on a claim automatically void my insurance policy?", "What kind of false statements let an insurer void a policy?", "Do I have to be notified before an insurer can rescind my life insurance policy for a misrepresentation?", "Are misrepresentations in a life insurance application treated differently from other policies?", "What is the deadline for an insurer to give notice of a misrepresentation before they can use it as a defense?", "If I unintentionally gave wrong information, can the insurer still deny my claim?", "Do immaterial misrepresentations affect my ability to collect on a life, accident, or health policy?", "Can an insurer use a false statement as a defense after two years of paying premiums?", "What documents must be provided with a life insurance policy regarding the application?" ], "issue_tags": [ "misrepresentation", "policy-voidability", "insurance-fraud", "life-insurance", "notice-requirements", "application-errors" ], "synonyms": [ "policyholder misrepresentation rules", "insurance misrepresentation provisions", "misrepresentation in insurance applications", "insurance policy voidability statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "706", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 706. IDENTITY THEFT INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/706.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/706.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas insurers offer insurance that pays for losses caused by identity theft. It explains who can buy the coverage—individuals or groups like businesses and associations—and how it can be sold as a stand‑alone policy or added to existing property or casualty policies. The rates and policy forms must follow the same rules as other insurance, and the Insurance Commissioner can set additional rules.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I purchase insurance that covers identity theft losses in Texas?", "What kinds of insurance policies can include identity theft coverage?", "Who is eligible to get identity theft insurance under Texas law?", "Can a business or employer buy identity theft insurance for its employees?", "Is it possible to add identity theft coverage as a rider to my home or auto policy?", "Do the rates for identity theft insurance have to follow the same rules as other insurance rates?", "What does Texas define as identity theft for the purpose of insurance coverage?", "Can a group formed solely to obtain identity theft insurance purchase a policy?", "Can the Texas Insurance Commissioner create rules specifically for identity theft insurance?", "Is identity theft insurance available only to individuals, or also to groups and associations?", "Can a commercial casualty policy include identity theft coverage?", "What existing insurance regulations apply to the forms and pricing of identity theft insurance?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-insurance", "identity-theft-insurance", "coverage-eligibility", "insurance-rates", "insurance-regulation", "consumer-protection" ], "synonyms": [ "identity theft insurance", "ID theft coverage", "insurance for identity theft", "identity fraud insurance", "identity theft rider", "identity theft policy" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "707", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 707. PAYMENT OF INSURANCE DEDUCTIBLE", "url": "/statutes/IN/707.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/707.json", "summary": "This chapter requires anyone with a Texas property insurance policy to pay any deductible before the insurer will pay a claim. Insurers can ask for reasonable proof—like a canceled check or credit‑card statement—before releasing certain claim amounts. The state must run an education program to help consumers understand these deductible rules, and the insurance commissioner can adopt implementing rules.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to pay my deductible before my insurer will pay my property insurance claim?", "What types of documents count as proof that I have paid my deductible?", "Can an insurer withhold payment for depreciation or replacement‑cost holdbacks until I show deductible payment?", "Does Texas law require me to pay the deductible even if the claim is for a small loss?", "What consumer education is the state required to provide about insurance deductibles?", "Are all property insurance policies in Texas subject to this deductible‑payment rule?", "Can an insurer refuse to pay a claim if I haven’t provided proof of deductible payment?", "What is considered reasonable proof of deductible payment under this law?", "Who has the authority to create rules that implement these deductible requirements?", "Does this law affect how contractors get paid from insurance claim proceeds?" ], "issue_tags": [ "property-insurance", "deductible-payment", "consumer-education", "insurance-claims", "proof-of-payment" ], "synonyms": [ "insurance deductible rules", "property insurance deductible requirements", "deductible payment obligations", "Texas insurance deductible law", "deductible proof standards" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "751", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 751. MARKET CONDUCT SURVEILLANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/751.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/751.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a system for the Texas Insurance Department to watch how insurers do business, spot problems that could hurt consumers, and take action to fix them. It sets out how the commissioner gathers data, conducts market analyses and examinations, works with other states, and can impose sanctions, while protecting confidential information.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas monitor insurance companies for unfair or harmful practices?", "What is a market conduct examination and when can it be used?", "How often can the state conduct a market conduct examination of an insurer?", "What steps does the commissioner take before deciding to examine an insurer?", "Can the commissioner share insurance market data with other states or federal agencies?", "What rights do insurers have during a market conduct investigation?", "How are complaints about insurers handled under this chapter?", "What confidentiality protections apply to examination reports and related information?", "What penalties can the commissioner impose on an insurer that violates market conduct rules?", "Who can be appointed to perform market conduct examinations or actions?", "How does the commissioner coordinate examinations with other states?", "How are the costs of a market conduct examination billed to the insurer?" ], "issue_tags": [ "market-conduct", "insurance-regulation", "examinations", "confidentiality", "inter-state-coordination", "sanctions", "consumer-protection" ], "synonyms": [ "Insurance Market Conduct Surveillance Act", "Texas insurance market conduct monitoring", "market conduct surveillance", "insurer market oversight", "insurance department market analysis", "Texas insurance commissioner market conduct rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "752", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 752. ENFORCEMENT OF BALANCE BILLING PROHIBITIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/752.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/752.json", "summary": "This chapter gives the Texas attorney general the power to sue and stop doctors, hospitals, insurers, or health‑plan administrators who repeatedly charge patients more than their copayment, coinsurance, or deductible. It also lets state licensing agencies discipline providers and insurers that break these rules, and allows them to create rules to enforce the prohibitions. If the state wins, it can recover attorney’s fees and other costs.", "questions_answered": [ "Can the state stop a doctor or hospital from charging me more than my copay?", "What can the attorney general do if a health insurer repeatedly overcharges patients?", "Can a regulatory agency discipline a provider for balance‑billing violations?", "Is the state allowed to sue a health‑plan administrator for illegal extra charges?", "What remedies are available if a balance‑billing prohibition is violated?", "Can the state recover attorney’s fees when it sues overbalance billing?", "Do health‑plan issuers have to give notice about balance‑billing rules?", "What actions can licensing agencies take against providers who overbill?", "Can the attorney general bring a civil action to stop balance billing?", "Are there rules that agencies can adopt to enforce balance‑billing prohibitions?" ], "issue_tags": [ "balance-billing", "consumer-protection", "health-insurance", "enforcement", "attorney-general", "regulatory-discipline" ], "synonyms": [ "balance billing prohibition enforcement", "anti‑balance billing rules", "prohibited overbilling enforcement", "balance billing injunctions", "health plan billing restrictions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "801", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 801. CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORITY", "url": "/statutes/IN/801.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/801.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you how the Texas Department of Insurance gives, denies, or revokes the official permission for a company to sell insurance in the state. It sets out the rules for applying, the information the department must see on the certificate, and the reasons a certificate can be taken away, such as missing fingerprints, failing to file reports, or having a felony conviction. It also gives preference to Texas‑based insurers and explains how a company can appeal a denial or ask to get its certificate back after a revocation.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I apply for a Texas certificate that lets my company sell insurance?", "What information must be on the insurance certificate of authority?", "Can a foreign insurance company get a Texas certificate of authority?", "What reasons can cause the department to deny my insurance certificate application?", "What can lead to the suspension or revocation of an insurer’s certificate?", "Do I need to provide fingerprints when applying for an insurance certificate?", "What happens if my insurer fails to file its required annual statement?", "How does a felony conviction affect my ability to get or keep a certificate of authority?", "Is there a preference for Texas‑based insurers when the department issues certificates?", "How can I request a hearing if my certificate application is denied?", "What fees are required to obtain a certificate of authority?", "Can a fraternal benefit society be exempt from these certificate rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-licensing", "certificate-of-authority", "insurer-approval", "felony-restrictions", "annual-reporting", "fingerprint-requirements", "domestic-preference" ], "synonyms": [ "insurance license", "insurer authorization", "Texas insurance certification", "insurance company charter", "certificate of authority for insurers" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "802", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 802. ANNUAL STATEMENT", "url": "/statutes/IN/802.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/802.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas insurance companies how to prepare and file their yearly financial reports. It requires a specific form, an actuarial opinion on reserves, and a copy to be sent to the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. The commissioner can change the form, set filing dates, and grant exemptions, and the insurer must cover any filing costs.", "questions_answered": [ "What information must be included in an insurance company's annual statement?", "Do I need a qualified actuary’s opinion on my insurance company's annual report?", "When is the filing date considered if I mail my annual statement to the commissioner?", "Which types of insurance companies are required to file an annual statement in Texas?", "Do insurance companies have to send a copy of their annual statement to the NAIC?", "Can the Texas commissioner change the form of the annual statement?", "Are there any exemptions that let certain insurers skip the filing requirements?", "Who pays the fees for filing the annual statement with the NAIC?", "If my company is based in another state, does a similar law there count as compliance?", "What qualifies someone as a 'qualified actuary' under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-annual-statement", "actuarial-opinion", "filing-requirements", "NAIC-filing", "exemptions", "filing-deadlines" ], "synonyms": [ "annual statement requirements", "insurance company annual report rules", "annual filing obligations", "actuarial opinion requirement", "NAIC filing mandate" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "803", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 803. LOCATION OF BOOKS, RECORDS, ACCOUNTS, AND OFFICES OUTSIDE OF THIS STATE", "url": "/statutes/IN/803.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/803.json", "summary": "Chapter 803 tells Texas‑licensed insurers how they can move their main offices, books, records, and accounts to another state. It requires written notice to the insurance commissioner, sets control and supervision rules, and outlines exceptions for normal branch offices. The chapter also covers who must be licensed in the U.S. to control the out‑of‑state operations and how service of process and examination fees are handled.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a Texas insurance company move its principal office to another state?", "Do I need to notify the Texas insurance commissioner if we keep our books and records outside Texas?", "What notice is required and how long does the commissioner have to object?", "Are there any exceptions for normal branch or agency offices that keep policy files in another state?", "Who must be licensed or domiciled to control an out‑of‑state office of a Texas insurer?", "Do we need a Texas agent for service of process if we relocate our records?", "Can we get a tax credit for examination fees paid to another state?", "What types of insurers are covered by this chapter?", "Do we need a separate notice if we share records with an affiliate that already has an approved agreement?", "What happens if another Texas law conflicts with these out‑of‑state location rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-records", "out-of-state-location", "texas-insurance-regulation", "holding-company", "commissioner-notice", "service-of-process" ], "synonyms": [ "Location of books and records outside Texas", "Out-of-state insurance record keeping rules", "Texas insurance out-of-state office requirements", "Chapter 803 insurance code", "Insurance holding company location provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "804", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 804. SERVICE OF PROCESS", "url": "/statutes/IN/804.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/804.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you how legal papers like lawsuits or notices must be delivered to insurance companies and related entities in Texas. It sets who can accept service, requires out‑of‑state insurers to name a local agent, and explains how the Texas Department of Insurance or the Secretary of State can act as agents and forward the documents to the proper party. It also covers fees, record‑keeping, and special rules for surplus lines insurers, risk‑retention groups, and unauthorized insurers.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I serve a lawsuit on a Texas‑based insurance company?", "Who can receive legal process for an out‑of‑state insurance company doing business in Texas?", "What must an insurer do if it moves its books and records out of Texas?", "How is service of process handled for surplus lines insurers?", "What happens if I try to serve an unauthorized insurer?", "Can the Texas Department of Insurance act as the agent for service of process?", "What are the steps for serving the commissioner or the secretary of state?", "Do I need to pay a fee when I serve the commissioner, and how much?", "How does the commissioner forward the process to the defendant?", "What records does the commissioner keep of all service of process actions?" ], "issue_tags": [ "service-of-process", "insurance-companies", "out-of-state-insurers", "surplus-lines", "commissioner-procedures", "secretary-of-state" ], "synonyms": [ "insurance service of process rules", "process service for insurers", "serving legal papers on insurance companies", "Texas insurance process service chapter", "service of process procedures for insurers" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "805", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 805. DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, AND OTHER INTERESTED PERSONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/805.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/805.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for directors, officers, and major shareholders of insurance companies. It tells what kinds of deals, loans, and other financial activities they can’t be involved in, and when they need approval from the insurance commissioner. It also says they aren’t personally liable for paying certain fees or taxes on behalf of the insurer, unless a court says the fee is invalid.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a director or officer of an insurance company take a loan or guarantee from the insurer?", "Is a major shareholder allowed to receive money for helping the insurer buy or sell property?", "What types of transactions do insurance directors need commissioner approval for?", "Are insurance officers personally liable for fees or taxes they pay for the company?", "What defines a 'major shareholder' in an insurance company?", "Can a director of an insurer also be a policyholder without breaking the rules?", "What compensation can an insurance officer receive besides salary?", "Are there any exceptions that let insiders do business with the insurer?", "Do the rules apply to all kinds of insurance companies, like mutuals and title insurers?", "What happens if a transaction is considered fair and proper but still conflicts with other laws?" ], "issue_tags": [ "director-conflict", "insurer-transaction", "major-shareholder", "prohibited-activities", "insurance-governance", "fee-liability" ], "synonyms": [ "insurance insider regulations", "director and officer restrictions", "insurer governance rules", "insurance company conflict of interest provisions", "corporate officer duties in insurance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "821", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 821. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/821.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/821.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the basic standards that Texas‑licensed insurers must meet, including a minimum number of policyholders and a minimum amount of insurance written. It lists which types of insurers must follow the rules, who is exempt, and how the state enforces compliance through reporting and lawsuits. It also requires insurance companies that work together to pay all taxes and meet legal requirements before they can do business in Texas.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the minimum number of policyholders an insurer must have in Texas?", "How much insurance coverage must a Texas insurer maintain at all times?", "Which types of insurers are required to follow these minimum insurance rules?", "Are there any insurers that are exempt from the minimum insurance requirements?", "When does the two‑year waiting period for a new insurer’s certificate of authority end?", "What happens if an insurer fails to meet the minimum policyholder or coverage requirements?", "Who reports an insurer’s non‑compliance and what legal action can be taken?", "Can an insurance company that hasn’t paid its taxes operate in Texas?", "Do insurance companies that associate to sell policies need to meet any additional requirements?", "What authority can cancel or revoke an insurer’s charter for not complying with these rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "minimum-insurance-requirements", "insurer-licensing", "exemptions", "enforcement", "insurance-association-compliance" ], "synonyms": [ "minimum insurance requirements", "insurer certification standards", "insurance company minimum standards", "Texas insurance minimum coverage rules", "insurance entity compliance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "822", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 822. GENERAL INCORPORATION AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR INSURANCE COMPANIES OTHER THAN LIFE, HEALTH, OR ACCIDENT INSURANCE COMPANIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/822.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/822.json", "summary": "Chapter 822 sets the rules for creating and running insurance companies in Texas that are not life, health, or accident insurers. It tells you what must be in the articles of incorporation, the minimum capital and surplus needed, how stock can be issued, and how the state commissioner reviews and approves the charter and any changes. The chapter also covers board and shareholder meetings, capital increases, and stock repurchase requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "What are the minimum capital and surplus amounts required to start a property and casualty insurance company in Texas?", "How do I form an insurance company and what must be included in the articles of incorporation?", "Can an insurance company issue shares without a par value, and what are the rules for doing so?", "What is the process for applying for a charter to operate an insurance company in Texas?", "What does the Texas Insurance Commissioner look at when approving my insurance company application?", "How many directors are required on the board of a Texas insurance company and how are they elected?", "What are the requirements for holding shareholder meetings and voting on company matters?", "How must a company increase its capital if it falls below the required minimum?", "Can a Texas insurance company repurchase its own stock, and what approvals are needed?", "What steps are needed to amend the charter to authorize new types of stock or changes in the company’s name or location?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-company-formation", "capital-requirements", "charter-application", "corporate-governance", "stock-issuance", "regulatory-compliance" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Insurance Code Chapter 822", "General Incorporation Requirements for Non‑Life Insurers", "Texas non‑life insurance company regulations", "Texas insurance company charter rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "823", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 823. INSURANCE HOLDING COMPANY SYSTEMS", "url": "/statutes/IN/823.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/823.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for insurance companies that are part of a holding‑company system. It requires insurers to register, disclose ownership, financial information, and material transactions, and it governs how control of an insurer can be acquired, changed, or divested. The commissioner oversees these disclosures, approves or denies control changes, and can enforce penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I register my insurance company if it is part of a holding‑company system?", "What information must I disclose when I acquire control of a Texas insurer?", "When do I need to file a statement or notice for a change in control or a divestiture?", "What are the rules for material transactions between an insurer and its affiliates?", "How does the commissioner determine if a proposed acquisition or merger is allowed?", "What are the reporting requirements for dividends or extraordinary distributions?", "What penalties apply if I fail to file required statements or reports?", "How does the state handle group‑wide supervision of internationally active insurance groups?", "Can a foreign insurer be exempt from these requirements?", "What are the confidentiality protections for information submitted to the commissioner?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-holding-company", "control-acquisition", "registration-disclosure", "material-transactions", "enterprise-risk", "group-wide-supervision", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "insurance holding company system regulations", "insurance group control rules", "insurance holding company oversight", "insurance holding company compliance chapter", "insurance holding company system statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "824", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 824. MERGER AND CONSOLIDATION OF STOCK INSURANCE CORPORATIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/824.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/824.json", "summary": "This chapter lays out the steps Texas stock insurance companies must follow to merge or combine, including board and shareholder approvals, filing a plan with the insurance commissioner, and the commissioner’s review and decision. It also sets the effective dates for mergers and consolidations, explains how existing policies and investments are handled, and includes special provisions for life insurers buying shares of another insurer. Additional rules cover treasury shares, antitrust considerations, and requirements when a foreign insurer is involved.", "questions_answered": [ "Can two Texas insurance companies merge or consolidate?", "What approvals are needed from directors and shareholders for an insurance merger?", "How does the insurance commissioner review a merger plan and how long does the review take?", "What happens if the commissioner disapproves a proposed merger or consolidation?", "When does a merger or consolidation become effective under Texas law?", "How are existing insurance policies treated after a merger or consolidation?", "What rules apply to investments and real property when insurers combine?", "What are the requirements for a life insurance company to purchase shares of another insurer for a merger?", "What limits exist on buying shares for a merger and how are they enforced?", "Do antitrust laws affect insurance company mergers in Texas?", "How are treasury shares handled after a merger or consolidation?", "Are additional approvals required when a foreign insurer is part of a merger?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-insurance-merger", "merger-approval-process", "policy-continuity", "life-insurance-share-purchase", "commissioner-review", "consolidation-effective-date", "treasury-share-retirement" ], "synonyms": [ "Insurance corporation merger rules", "Texas insurance consolidation statutes", "Stock insurer merger procedures", "Insurance company merger guidelines", "Texas insurance corporate combination law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "825", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 825. CONVERSION OF STOCK INSURANCE COMPANY TO MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY", "url": "/statutes/IN/825.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/825.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how a stock insurance company can become a mutual insurer. It requires the company to create a stock acquisition plan, get approvals from directors, shareholders, and eligible policyholders, and meet financial thresholds set by the insurance commissioner. The plan may involve buying back shares with cash, gifts, or annuity bonds, and once all shares are cancelled the company operates as a mutual insurer.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a stock insurance company change to a mutual insurance company?", "What steps does a stock insurer need to follow to convert to a mutual insurer?", "Who must approve the conversion plan before it can be implemented?", "What voting thresholds are required from directors, shareholders, and policyholders?", "Which policyholders are allowed to vote on the conversion plan?", "What financial requirements must the company meet to get commissioner approval?", "How can the company pay for the shares it buys back during conversion?", "Can the company use annuity bonds to fund the purchase of its own stock?", "What happens to the shares after the company acquires them?", "When is the conversion considered complete?", "What laws apply to the company after it becomes a mutual insurer?", "What notice must be given to policyholders about the conversion meeting?" ], "issue_tags": [ "conversion", "mutual-insurance", "stock-acquisition", "policyholder-voting", "insurance-commissioner", "annuity-bonds", "asset-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "stock-to-mutual conversion", "mutualization of a stock insurer", "insurance company conversion process", "stock acquisition plan", "mutual insurance conversion" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "826", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 826. CONVERSION OF MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY TO STOCK INSURANCE COMPANY", "url": "/statutes/IN/826.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/826.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rules for a mutual insurance company to change into a stock insurance company. It requires a conversion plan that must be approved by the insurance commissioner and the company’s members, outlines how shares are issued, and protects policyholder rights during the transition. It also covers alternative structures like mutual holding companies and limits on ownership after conversion.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a mutual insurance company become a stock insurance company?", "What steps must a mutual insurer follow to convert to a stock insurer?", "Who needs to approve the conversion plan before the change can happen?", "What rights do policyholders have when their insurer is converting?", "How are shares of the new stock company allocated to existing members?", "Can directors or officers buy stock in the new company after conversion?", "What happens to existing insurance policies after the conversion?", "Is it possible to convert a mutual insurer through a mutual holding company?", "Are there limits on how much of the new company’s stock any one person can own?", "How long do I have to challenge a conversion after it becomes effective?", "What notice must the insurer give to members about the conversion plan?", "Can a foreign mutual insurer convert to a stock insurer in Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mutual-to-stock-conversion", "insurance-company-reorganization", "policyholder-rights", "share-allocation", "regulatory-approval", "holding-company-structure", "ownership-limits" ], "synonyms": [ "mutual insurance conversion", "mutual insurer to stock insurer conversion", "insurance company conversion plan", "mutual to stock reorganization", "conversion of mutual insurance company", "mutual holding company conversion" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "827", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 827. WITHDRAWAL AND RESTRICTION PLANS", "url": "/statutes/IN/827.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/827.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas insurance companies how they must act when they plan to sharply cut their business or stop writing certain types of insurance. It requires them to submit detailed withdrawal or restriction plans to the insurance commissioner, who can approve, modify, or delay them, and sets out penalties and other safeguards like trust deposits and moratoriums.", "questions_answered": [ "What does an insurer have to do before it reduces its premium volume by 50% or more?", "When must an insurance company file a withdrawal plan with the state commissioner?", "What information must be included in a withdrawal plan for it to be approved?", "Can the commissioner change or limit a withdrawal or restriction plan, and under what circumstances?", "What are the penalties if an insurer withdraws from a line of insurance without approval?", "How long must an insurer wait before it can start writing insurance again after a complete withdrawal?", "What is a restriction plan and when does an insurer need to file one?", "When can the commissioner impose a moratorium on withdrawal or restriction plans?", "Can the commissioner require the insurer to deposit securities in trust, and why?", "What steps does the commissioner take to approve or modify a restriction plan after a natural disaster?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-withdrawal", "restriction-plan", "commissioner-approval", "premium-reduction", "moratorium", "penalties", "trust-deposit" ], "synonyms": [ "withdrawal plan requirements", "restriction plan rules", "insurer exit procedures", "insurance business reduction guidelines", "Texas insurance withdrawal regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "828", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 828. PURCHASE OF STOCK FOR TOTAL ASSUMPTION REINSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/828.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/828.json", "summary": "This chapter allows a life insurance company to buy all or part of another insurer's shares so it can assume that insurer's business, liabilities, and assets as a form of total assumption reinsurance. It sets out the steps the buying company must follow, including board approval, minimum share ownership, commissioner filing and approval, timing for the reinsurance agreement, and limits on what the target insurer can do with its own shares and capital.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a life insurance company purchase another insurer's stock to take over its policies and liabilities?", "What board actions are required before a life insurer can buy another insurer's shares for reinsurance?", "How many shares must the buying insurer acquire to meet the minimum voting requirement?", "Do I need approval from the insurance commissioner before making a tender offer or purchase of shares?", "Are antitrust laws affected by a life insurer’s purchase of another insurer’s stock?", "When must the total assumption reinsurance agreement become effective after the share purchase?", "What restrictions are placed on the target insurer after its shares are bought?", "Can the buying insurer use its required capital, surplus, or reserves to pay for the shares?", "What happens if the reinsurance agreement is not finalized by the deadline?", "Are there limits on the target insurer issuing new shares or buying its own shares after the purchase?" ], "issue_tags": [ "total-assumption-reinsurance", "stock-purchase", "commissioner-approval", "insurance-company-merger", "share-acquisition", "regulatory-restrictions" ], "synonyms": [ "total assumption reinsurance stock purchase", "insurer stock acquisition for reinsurance", "life insurer takeover of another insurer", "purchase of shares for total assumption", "reinsurance stock buyout", "insurance company stock purchase rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "829", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 829. CONVERSION OF RECIPROCAL OR INTERINSURANCE EXCHANGE TO STOCK COMPANY THROUGH CREATION OF A MUTUAL HOLDING COMPANY", "url": "/statutes/IN/829.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/829.json", "summary": "This chapter lays out how a Texas reciprocal or interinsurance exchange can change into a stock insurance company by creating a mutual holding company that owns the new company's shares. It describes the steps for adopting a conversion plan, the approvals needed from the insurance commissioner and the exchange’s members, and the rules that protect policyholders and limit ownership and compensation during the conversion. The chapter also explains how the new company and the mutual holding company are treated under insurance law and what happens to the exchange’s assets, liabilities, and member interests.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a reciprocal insurance exchange convert to a stock insurance company in Texas?", "What is a mutual holding company and why is it required in a conversion?", "What approvals are needed from the commissioner and members before a conversion can happen?", "Can directors or officers of the exchange buy stock in the new company after conversion?", "What limits exist on how much of the new company's stock can be owned by outsiders?", "What rights do policyholders have during and after the conversion process?", "How are surplus and subscriber accounts handled when the exchange becomes a stock company?", "When must a lawsuit be filed if someone wants to challenge a conversion plan?", "Is the sale of securities by the converting exchange exempt from registration requirements?", "What happens to the exchange’s assets, liabilities, and contracts after the conversion?" ], "issue_tags": [ "conversion", "mutual-holding-company", "stock-insurance", "policyholder-rights", "ownership-restrictions", "commissioner-approval" ], "synonyms": [ "exchange to stock company conversion", "mutual holding company conversion process", "reciprocal conversion", "interinsurance exchange reorganization", "stock insurance company formation", "mutual holding company structure" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "830", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 830. OWN RISK AND SOLVENCY ASSESSMENT", "url": "/statutes/IN/830.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/830.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas insurers they must keep a risk‑management system, perform an internal own risk and solvency assessment (ORSA) each year or when their risk profile changes, and submit a confidential summary report to the commissioner. Smaller insurers may be exempt based on premium size, and the law sets strict confidentiality rules and penalties for late or missing filings.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need to do an ORSA if my insurance company is small?", "How often must an insurer conduct and file an own risk and solvency assessment?", "What information has to be in the ORSA summary report?", "Who must sign the ORSA summary report?", "Can the ORSA report be shared with other regulators or agencies?", "What confidentiality protections apply to the ORSA report?", "What penalties apply if the report is filed late or not at all?", "How does an insurer qualify for an exemption from the ORSA requirements?", "Can an insurer request a waiver from the ORSA rules?", "What happens if my insurer’s premium exceeds the exemption threshold?", "Is the ORSA summary report ever made public?", "What is the role of the chief risk officer in the ORSA process?" ], "issue_tags": [ "own-risk-solvency-assessment", "risk-management-framework", "insurance-reporting", "confidentiality", "exemption-criteria", "regulatory-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "ORSA", "own risk and solvency assessment", "solvency assessment report", "risk management framework requirement", "insurance solvency reporting", "confidential insurer report" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "831", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 831. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ANNUAL DISCLOSURE", "url": "/statutes/IN/831.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/831.json", "summary": "This chapter requires every Texas insurer and insurance group to submit a confidential annual report that describes their corporate governance structure, policies, and practices. The filing is due by June 1 each year, can be made at the appropriate holding‑company level, and is kept private unless the insurer consents to disclosure. Failure to file on time can result in daily administrative penalties, though the commissioner may reduce them for hardship.", "questions_answered": [ "What annual report must Texas insurers file about their corporate governance?", "When is the corporate governance disclosure due each year?", "Do insurance groups have to file the same governance report as individual insurers?", "Who must sign the corporate governance annual disclosure?", "Can an insurer reference other filings instead of repeating the same information?", "What confidentiality protections apply to the governance disclosure?", "Can the commissioner share the disclosure with other regulators or consultants?", "What happens if an insurer misses the filing deadline?", "Can the commissioner request additional information beyond the initial disclosure?", "Are there penalties for late or missing filings, and can they be reduced?" ], "issue_tags": [ "corporate-governance", "annual-disclosure", "insurance-regulation", "confidentiality", "penalties", "reporting-deadline", "third-party-consultants" ], "synonyms": [ "corporate governance annual filing", "insurer governance report", "insurance group governance disclosure", "annual corporate governance statement", "confidential governance filing" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "841", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 841. LIFE, HEALTH, OR ACCIDENT INSURANCE COMPANIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/841.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/841.json", "summary": "Chapter 841 sets the rules for creating and running life, health, and accident insurance companies in Texas. It defines the types of insurers, outlines how to form a company, the capital and surplus needed, corporate governance, reporting duties, and the process for getting a certificate of authority. The chapter also covers special rules for limited‑purpose subsidiary life insurers and the state’s enforcement powers.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I form a life, health, or accident insurance company in Texas?", "What minimum capital and surplus must a new insurance company have?", "What information must be included in the articles of incorporation for an insurance company?", "How do I obtain a certificate of authority to sell insurance in Texas?", "What are the requirements for shareholders’ meetings and director elections for an insurance company?", "Can an insurance company pay dividends to policyholders or shareholders, and how are they limited?", "What limits apply to the amount of coverage a Texas insurer can issue for life or accident policies?", "How does a limited‑purpose subsidiary life insurance company get organized and licensed?", "What reporting and filing deadlines must a Texas insurance company meet each year?", "What actions can the commissioner take if an insurer fails to meet capital or surplus requirements?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-company-formation", "capital-requirements", "corporate-governance", "certificate-of-authority", "policy-coverage-limits", "reinsurance-subsidiary", "regulatory-enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas insurance code chapter 841", "life health accident insurer regulations", "insurance company charter rules", "Texas insurance company statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "842", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 842. GROUP HOSPITAL SERVICE CORPORATIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/842.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/842.json", "summary": "This chapter creates nonprofit group hospital service corporations that run hospital care plans in Texas. It tells how they must be formed, who can serve on their boards, how they handle money, reserves, and claims, and sets reporting, bonding, and benefit rules. The department and commissioner oversee compliance, and violations can lead to loss of authority.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I form a nonprofit group hospital service corporation in Texas?", "What are the minimum membership and application fee requirements for a group hospital service corporation?", "What rules govern the composition and compensation of the board of directors?", "What bonding requirements apply to officers and employees who handle corporate money?", "How much can a paid officer or employee be compensated per year?", "What reserves and surplus must the corporation maintain to stay solvent?", "What are the annual filing and reporting obligations for the corporation?", "How must the corporation handle and pay member claims, and what timelines apply?", "Can the corporation limit benefits to certain diseases or types of care?", "What information must the corporation provide on its website about providers?", "What contracts with hospitals and health care providers are allowed or prohibited?", "What actions can the commissioner take if the corporation fails to pay valid claims?" ], "issue_tags": [ "group-hospital-service-corporation", "nonprofit-health-plan", "board-governance", "financial-bonding", "claim-payment", "reserve-requirements", "annual-reporting", "benefit-limits" ], "synonyms": [ "Group Hospital Service Corp", "Hospital Service Plan Corporation", "Nonprofit Hospital Service Corporation", "Texas Group Hospital Service Corporation", "GHSC" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "843", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 843. HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/843.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/843.json", "summary": "The Texas Health Maintenance Organization Act sets the rules for creating and running health maintenance organizations (HMOs) in the state. It covers who can operate an HMO, the financial and bonding requirements, how they must handle contracts with doctors and providers, and the processes for complaints, appeals, disclosures, and claim payments. The law also outlines penalties for non‑compliance and the authority of the insurance commissioner to supervise and enforce the rules.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I start an HMO in Texas and get a certificate of authority?", "What net‑worth and bonding requirements must an HMO meet before it can operate?", "Can an HMO use the word \"insurance\" in its name or marketing materials?", "What information must an HMO give to enrollees about plan benefits, costs, and provider networks?", "How does an HMO handle complaints and appeals from members or providers?", "What are the rules for pre‑authorization of services and how must they be posted?", "What deadlines and penalties apply if an HMO pays a provider’s claim late?", "When can an HMO terminate a physician’s contract and what notice is required?", "What are the requirements for an HMO’s annual financial and performance report?", "How does an HMO coordinate payments when a patient has other insurance coverage?", "What steps must an HMO take to recover an overpayment from a provider?", "What actions can the commissioner take if an HMO is financially unsafe or violates the law?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-maintenance-organization", "hmo-licensing", "financial-solvency", "provider-contracts", "complaints-appeals", "claim-payment", "preauthorization", "disclosures" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Health Maintenance Organization Act", "HMO Act", "HMO regulations", "health maintenance organization statutes", "Texas HMO law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "844", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 844. CERTIFICATION OF CERTAIN NONPROFIT HEALTH CORPORATIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/844.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/844.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for nonprofit health corporations that want to offer prepaid health plans in Texas. It requires them to obtain a certificate of authority, meet the same standards as health maintenance organizations, and maintain accreditation. The chapter also outlines the powers of certified corporations and bans unfair hiring or contracting practices that hurt competition.", "questions_answered": [ "Do nonprofit health corporations need a certificate to sell prepaid health plans in Texas?", "What accreditation is required for a nonprofit health corporation to get a certificate of authority?", "Can a nonprofit health corporation provide health services without a certificate if it works under a health maintenance organization?", "What are the eligibility requirements for a nonprofit health corporation to apply for a certificate?", "What is a provisional certificate of authority and when can it be issued?", "What powers and duties does a certified nonprofit health corporation have?", "Are there any activities that are exempt from this certification requirement?", "What unfair competition practices are prohibited for certified nonprofit health corporations?", "Which agency adopts the rules and regulations for this certification process?" ], "issue_tags": [ "nonprofit-health-corporation", "certification", "health-maintenance-organization", "accreditation", "insurance-regulation", "unfair-competition" ], "synonyms": [ "Nonprofit health corporation certification", "Texas nonprofit health corp authority", "Health maintenance organization exceptions", "Certificate of authority for nonprofit health plans", "Accredited nonprofit health entity rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "845", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 845. STATEWIDE RURAL HEALTH CARE SYSTEM", "url": "/statutes/IN/845.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/845.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a nonprofit statewide rural health care system made up of two or more rural hospital providers. The system delivers health care services to residents of designated rural areas, can receive state Medicaid contracts, gifts, and grants, and is overseen by a 17‑member board with specific representation requirements. It also sets rules for how the system operates, how rural areas are defined, and how patient rights are protected.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Statewide Rural Health Care System Act and what does it do?", "Who can form and operate the statewide rural health care system?", "How does the law define a \"rural area\" for eligibility?", "What types of health care services does the system provide to rural residents?", "How are members of the system’s board of directors selected and what are their duties?", "Can the system be sold or dissolved, and what happens to its assets?", "Does the system have to follow Medicaid or other government health program requirements?", "What patient rights and protections are required under the system?", "Can the system accept gifts, grants, or other funding?", "What are the requirements for participating hospital providers in the system?", "How does the system obtain and manage state‑managed care contracts?", "What rules does the commissioner set for the system’s operation?" ], "issue_tags": [ "rural-health-care", "nonprofit-corporation", "board-governance", "medicaid-contracts", "patient-rights", "health-care-access", "rural-area-definition" ], "synonyms": [ "Statewide Rural Health Care System Act", "Texas Rural Health System", "Rural health care network", "Rural health care system legislation", "Chapter 845", "Rural health care system statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "846", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 846. MULTIPLE EMPLOYER WELFARE ARRANGEMENTS", "url": "/statutes/IN/846.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/846.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for Texas multiple employer welfare arrangements (MEWAs) that provide health benefits to employees of several employers. It covers how a MEWA must be formed, licensed, governed, and funded, and it dictates what benefits can be offered, how premiums can be set, and the enrollment and coverage requirements. The chapter also outlines reporting, auditing, and enforcement procedures, including the role of the commissioner and the rights of board members.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I start a multiple employer welfare arrangement in Texas?", "What do I need to get a certificate of authority for a MEWA?", "Can a MEWA charge higher premiums based on an employee’s health or medical history?", "What are the rules for pre‑existing condition provisions in a MEWA health plan?", "How are board members chosen and what compensation can they receive?", "What enrollment periods and waiting periods must a MEWA follow for new employees and dependents?", "Can a MEWA limit or exclude coverage for newborn or adopted children?", "What financial and actuarial reports does a MEWA have to file with the commissioner?", "What actions can the commissioner take if a MEWA does not follow the rules?", "Can a MEWA refuse to renew or cancel a health benefit plan, and what notice is required?", "Are there limits on how a MEWA can market its health plans to employers?", "What are the requirements for third‑party administrators that work with a MEWA?" ], "issue_tags": [ "multiple-employer-welfare-arrangements", "certification-requirements", "board-governance", "premium-pricing", "enrollment-rules", "coverage-restrictions", "reporting-requirements", "preexisting-conditions" ], "synonyms": [ "MEWA", "multiple employer welfare arrangement", "group health plan for multiple employers", "Texas MEWA regulations", "multiple employer health benefit plan rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "847", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 847. HEALTH CARE QUALITY ASSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/847.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/847.json", "summary": "This chapter creates the Health Care Quality Assurance Act, which lets health insurance issuers get credit for meeting standards set by nationally recognized accreditation groups. When an insurer is accredited, the state assumes it meets comparable regulatory requirements, cutting duplicate reviews and lowering costs. The law also sets rules for sharing accreditation reports, keeping them confidential, and outlines how the insurance commissioner and the health commission must work together.", "questions_answered": [ "Does my health insurance need national accreditation to be considered compliant with Texas regulations?", "What types of health benefit plans are covered by this Texas law?", "Are Medicare Advantage plans treated the same as other health plans under this act?", "Can the state require my insurer to submit its accreditation report?", "Is the accreditation report that my insurer provides kept confidential?", "What happens if an accredited insurer still fails to meet state requirements?", "Which national organizations are recognized for accreditation in Texas?", "How does this law reduce duplicate reviews for health insurers?", "What agencies are responsible for enforcing the health care quality assurance rules?", "Are accident-only or disability insurance plans subject to this chapter?", "Can the commissioner impose sanctions on an accredited health plan issuer?", "What is the purpose of the memorandum of understanding between the commissioner and the commission?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-benefit-plan", "accreditation", "compliance", "insurance-regulation", "confidentiality", "state-coordination" ], "synonyms": [ "Health Care Quality Assurance Act", "Texas health plan accreditation law", "Chapter 847", "Health benefit plan quality assurance statute", "Texas insurance accreditation statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "848", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 848. HEALTH CARE COLLABORATIVES", "url": "/statutes/IN/848.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/848.json", "summary": "This chapter establishes health care collaboratives—organizations that arrange and pay for medical services among physicians, hospitals, insurers, and other providers. It sets out how they must be certified, governed, compensated, and monitored for quality and cost, and it limits how they can market themselves. The chapter also outlines reporting, renewal, and enforcement procedures to ensure compliance.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a health care collaborative and what does it do?", "Do I need a certificate of authority to start a health care collaborative in Texas?", "What governance structure is required for a health care collaborative?", "Can a health care collaborative use the word 'insurance' in its name or marketing materials?", "How are physicians and other providers paid within a health care collaborative?", "What quality and cost‑control policies must a health care collaborative have?", "How does a health care collaborative handle patient or provider complaints?", "Can a health care collaborative contract with government or private payors on a capitation or prepaid basis?", "What information must a health care collaborative report and how often must it be renewed?", "What penalties can the commissioner impose if a health care collaborative violates the rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-care-collaborative", "certification", "governance", "compensation", "quality-control", "complaint-handling", "enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "health care collaborative", "HCC", "collaborative health entity", "medical service collaborative", "Texas health care collaborative" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "861", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 861. GENERAL CASUALTY COMPANIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/861.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/861.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for creating and running a general casualty insurance company in Texas. It covers how to form the company, what types of insurance it can sell, required capital and financial reporting, and the powers to discipline or revoke a company's authority if it breaks the rules.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I form a general casualty insurance company in Texas?", "What are the minimum capital and surplus requirements for a Texas casualty insurer?", "What types of insurance can a general casualty company write?", "Do I need a certificate of authority to sell casualty insurance in Texas?", "How often must a casualty insurer file an annual financial statement and what information is required?", "Can a general casualty company pay dividends to its shareholders?", "What are the penalties for operating without a certificate of authority?", "What actions can the state take if a casualty insurer fails to meet filing or capital requirements?", "Can a casualty insurer own or hold real property, and for how long?", "How is a general casualty company's board of directors organized and what powers does it have?" ], "issue_tags": [ "formation", "licensing", "capital-requirements", "financial-reporting", "insurance-products", "enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "general casualty companies", "Texas casualty insurers", "casualty insurance companies", "general accident insurers" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "862", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 862. FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COMPANIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/862.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/862.json", "summary": "Chapter 862 sets the rules for Texas fire, marine, and inland marine insurance companies. It tells them how to file yearly financial statements, limits what real property they can own, defines the kinds of insurance they may sell, and requires specific reserves and reinsurance. The chapter also outlines how companies must handle capital stock and surplus problems.", "questions_answered": [ "What annual financial statement must a fire or marine insurance company file and when is it due?", "Can a fire or marine insurer own or invest in real estate, and are there limits on that investment?", "What types of insurance are fire and marine companies allowed to write in Texas?", "Is a fire insurance company permitted to also sell life insurance?", "How are reserves for fire insurance policies calculated and what reinsurance is required?", "What happens if a fire insurer’s surplus falls below the required minimum?", "How must a fire insurance policy handle a total loss of a building by fire?", "Are mortgagee or trustee interests protected in a fire insurance contract?", "What information about assets, liabilities, and dividends must be included in the annual statement?", "What are the rules for reducing capital stock or creating new stock when a company’s surplus is impaired?" ], "issue_tags": [ "fire-insurance", "marine-insurance", "insurance-company-reporting", "reinsurance", "capital-surplus", "real-property-investment", "policy-reserves" ], "synonyms": [ "Fire and Marine Insurance Companies Act", "Texas fire and marine insurer regulations", "Chapter 862 of the Texas Insurance Code", "Fire and inland marine insurance statutes", "Texas insurance code for fire and marine companies" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "881", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 881. STATEWIDE MUTUAL ASSESSMENT COMPANIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/881.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/881.json", "summary": "This chapter lays out the rules for statewide mutual assessment companies, which are nonprofit groups that protect members' lives by collecting regular assessments. It defines who can operate as such a company, the membership and benefit limits they must follow, and the reporting and compliance requirements. It also sets out penalties for violations and clarifies that most regular insurance laws do not apply to these entities.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a new statewide mutual assessment company be formed in Texas?", "What types of insurance products can a statewide mutual assessment company sell?", "How many members does a mutual assessment company need to issue a policy?", "Are statewide mutual assessment companies exempt from regular Texas insurance laws?", "What is the maximum benefit a mutual assessment company can provide under a policy?", "Can a mutual assessment company pay dividends to its members?", "What are the reporting requirements for a statewide mutual assessment company?", "What penalties apply if a mutual assessment company violates the rules?", "Can a mutual assessment company operate separate branches under different names?", "What happens if a group within a mutual assessment company falls below the required membership level?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mutual-assessment", "insurance-exemption", "nonprofit-corporations", "membership-requirements", "benefit-limits", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "statewide mutual assessment companies", "mutual assessment insurers", "Texas mutual assessment corporations", "mutual aid insurance companies", "statewide mutual assessment entities" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "882", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 882. MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/882.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/882.json", "summary": "Chapter 882 lays out the rules for Texas mutual life insurance companies, from how they are formed and funded to how they are governed and report their finances. It covers requirements for capital, board structure, policyholder voting, dividend distribution, and the processes for mergers, conversions, and enforcement. The chapter also sets limits on borrowing, investment, and agent compensation, and provides procedures for handling surplus impairments.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I form a mutual life insurance company in Texas?", "What is the minimum unencumbered surplus a mutual insurer must have to start?", "What information must be included in the articles of incorporation for a mutual insurer?", "How are directors elected and how long do they serve in a mutual life insurance company?", "What are the rules for policyholder voting and dividend payments?", "Can a mutual life insurer merge with another insurer or convert to a stock company?", "What annual reports does a mutual life insurance company have to file with the department?", "What limits does the law place on borrowing and investments for a mutual insurer?", "How is the contingency reserve calculated and what can it be used for?", "What happens if a mutual insurer’s surplus becomes impaired?", "Are there restrictions on how agents of a mutual insurer can be compensated?", "Can a mutual assessment company or association convert to a mutual life insurance company?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mutual-life-insurance", "formation", "capital-requirements", "governance", "dividends", "mergers", "conversion", "surplus-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "Mutual Life Insurance Companies", "Texas Mutual Life Insurers", "Mutual Life Insurer Regulations", "Chapter 882 Mutual Life Insurance", "Mutual Life Insurance Statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "883", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 883. MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANIES OTHER THAN MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/883.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/883.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for creating and running mutual insurance companies in Texas that are not life insurers. It covers how to form a company, naming, capital and surplus requirements, voting rights, policy rates, premiums, loans, dividends, reporting, and penalties. It also explains how foreign mutual insurers can be authorized to do business in the state.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I form a mutual insurance company in Texas?", "What are the naming requirements for a Texas mutual insurer?", "How many people must sign the articles of incorporation for a mutual insurance company?", "What voting rights do members of a mutual insurance company have?", "What capital surplus is required for a mutual insurance company to operate?", "Can a mutual insurance company issue policies that are paid only with a cash premium?", "Are mutual insurers allowed to pay dividends to their members?", "What are the reporting and examination obligations for mutual insurance companies?", "How can a foreign mutual insurance company get authorized to write insurance in Texas?", "What are the premium tax rules for mutual insurers?", "What loan rules apply to a mutual insurance company?", "What penalties exist for violating the mutual insurance regulations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mutual-insurance", "company-formation", "capital-requirements", "policy-rates", "regulatory-compliance", "foreign-insurers", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Mutual insurance company regulations", "Texas mutual insurer statutes", "Non-life mutual insurance rules", "Mutual insurance corporate law", "Chapter 883 of the Texas Insurance Code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "884", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 884. STIPULATED PREMIUM INSURANCE COMPANIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/884.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/884.json", "summary": "Chapter 884 sets the rules for Texas stipulated premium insurance companies, covering how they are defined, formed, and organized. It details the capital and surplus requirements, governance structures, policy and form standards, and the processes for reinsurance, conversion to legal reserve status, and financial reporting. The chapter also outlines the duties of officers, directors, agents, and shareholders, and the limits on the types and amounts of insurance these companies can issue.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I form a stipulated premium insurance company in Texas?", "What minimum capital and surplus must a stipulated premium insurer have?", "Can a stipulated premium company write life, accident, or health insurance policies?", "What are the rules for reinsurance agreements involving a stipulated premium company?", "How are shareholders' voting rights and board elections handled for these companies?", "What reporting and annual statement requirements apply to stipulated premium insurers?", "Can a stipulated premium company convert to a legal reserve insurance company?", "What limits exist on the amount of coverage a stipulated premium company can issue?", "What licensing and appointment rules apply to agents of a stipulated premium insurer?", "How are dividends and stock transactions regulated for these companies?" ], "issue_tags": [ "formation", "capital-requirements", "governance", "reinsurance", "policy-forms", "conversion", "financial-reporting" ], "synonyms": [ "stipulated premium insurance companies", "stipulated premium insurers", "SPIC", "Chapter 884", "Texas stipulated premium insurance regulations", "stipulated premium insurance chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "885", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 885. FRATERNAL BENEFIT SOCIETIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/885.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/885.json", "summary": "Chapter 885 sets the rules for fraternal benefit societies in Texas—organizations that use a lodge system to provide insurance‑type benefits to members. It defines the societies, their governance, membership, benefit contracts, tax and insurance exemptions, filing and reporting requirements, and how they can merge, convert, or be disciplined. The chapter also covers foreign societies, agent licensing, and penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a fraternal benefit society and how does it differ from a regular insurance company?", "Are fraternal benefit societies exempt from Texas insurance laws and taxes?", "What are the membership and lodge requirements to start a fraternal benefit society in Texas?", "How must a fraternal benefit society govern itself and elect its leaders?", "What information must be included in a benefit certificate issued by a fraternal benefit society?", "What reports and filings does a fraternal benefit society have to submit each year?", "Can a fraternal benefit society merge with another society or transfer its members and assets?", "How does a fraternal benefit society convert to a mutual or stock insurance company?", "What are the penalties for false statements, unauthorized solicitation, or other violations?", "What rules apply to foreign fraternal benefit societies that want to do business in Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "fraternal-benefit-societies", "insurance-exemption", "governance", "benefit-contracts", "tax-exemption", "conversion", "mergers", "reporting" ], "synonyms": [ "fraternal benefit societies", "fraternal insurance societies", "fraternal benefit organizations", "Texas fraternal benefit societies chapter 885", "fraternal benefit societies under the Insurance Code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "886", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 886. LOCAL MUTUAL AID ASSOCIATIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/886.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/886.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for Texas local mutual aid associations, which are groups that pay death benefits to members using assessments. It limits them to death benefits only, requires a certificate of authority, outlines filing, bonding, and governance requirements, and describes how they can be dissolved or have their authority revoked.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a new local mutual aid association be formed in Texas?", "What types of benefits can a local mutual aid association provide?", "Do local mutual aid associations have to file an annual statement with the Department of Insurance?", "What bonding requirements apply to a local mutual aid association?", "When does a local mutual aid association automatically dissolve?", "Can a local mutual aid association pay dividends to its members?", "Is a local mutual aid association allowed to operate in more than one county?", "What penalties exist for violating the rules governing local mutual aid associations?", "Are labor unions considered local mutual aid associations under this chapter?", "Do local mutual aid associations have to follow the Texas Non‑Profit Corporation Act?", "Can a local mutual aid association have any connection with another local mutual aid association?", "How can the Department of Insurance revoke a local mutual aid association’s authority to do business?" ], "issue_tags": [ "local-mutual-aid", "death-benefits", "insurance-regulation", "nonprofit-corporations", "bond-requirements", "dissolution", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "local mutual aid association", "mutual aid society", "mutual aid association", "local mutual aid societies", "community benefit societies", "death benefit societies" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "887", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 887. PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO CERTAIN MUTUAL ASSESSMENT COMPANIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/887.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/887.json", "summary": "Chapter 887 sets the rules for Texas mutual assessment insurance groups, such as burial societies and mutual aid associations. It tells how they must be organized, how they handle money, file reports, pay claims, keep reserves, and what they can do if they want to merge, change bylaws, or become a regular insurance company. The chapter also outlines bond requirements and penalties for misuse of funds.", "questions_answered": [ "What kinds of organizations are covered by this chapter?", "Do mutual burial or aid societies need a certificate of authority to sell insurance?", "How must a mutual assessment association handle member assessments and fund allocations?", "What are the limits on the amount of life insurance a mutual association can provide?", "How are claims supposed to be paid and what is the deadline for payment?", "What reserve calculations are required for life, health, and accident certificates?", "Can a mutual association change its bylaws or merge with another association, and what approvals are needed?", "What bond or surety requirements apply to officers and persons handling mortuary funds?", "What are the steps and requirements for converting a mutual association into a legal reserve insurance company?", "What penalties exist for officers who misuse association funds or ignore commissioner orders?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mutual-assessment", "insurance-regulation", "reserve-requirements", "claims-payment", "governance", "conversion", "bonding" ], "synonyms": [ "mutual assessment insurance regulations", "Texas mutual aid association rules", "mutual burial society statutes", "Chapter 887 of the Texas Insurance Code", "mutual insurance company provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "888", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 888. BURIAL ASSOCIATIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/888.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/888.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for burial associations, which are groups that provide funeral benefits in the form of goods or services. It defines how they must be organized, the fees they pay, the way they issue insurance certificates, how rates are set and changed, and what connections and actions are prohibited. It also outlines penalties for violations and gives the commissioner authority to enforce the rules.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a burial association and what services can it offer?", "Do burial associations have to pay an annual assessment and how is the amount calculated?", "Can a burial association pay dividends to its members?", "What must a burial association include on its insurance certificates?", "What happens if a burial association cannot provide the funeral merchandise or services promised in the certificate?", "How are the rates that burial associations can charge determined and who approves them?", "Can a burial association change its rates without approval?", "Are burial associations allowed to be connected with other burial associations or funeral homes?", "What are the penalties if a burial association or its officers violate the rate rules?", "Do burial associations have to follow other insurance laws besides this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "burial-associations", "insurance-certificates", "rate-regulation", "annual-assessment", "prohibited-connections", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "burial societies", "burial companies", "funeral benefit associations", "mortuary benefit societies", "burial insurance groups" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "911", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 911. FARM MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/911.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/911.json", "summary": "This chapter lays out the rules for Texas farm mutual insurance companies, covering how they are created, who can be members and directors, what types of property they may insure, and the financial standards they must meet. It also details the filing fees, governance structure, premium assessments, and oversight by the insurance commissioner.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I form a farm mutual insurance company in Texas?", "What membership requirements are needed to start a farm mutual insurer?", "What types of property and hazards can a farm mutual insurance company cover?", "Can a farm mutual insurance company issue policies and pay claims?", "What are the financial surplus and reserve requirements for a farm mutual insurer?", "How are premiums, assessments, and contingent liabilities collected from policyholders?", "Who is eligible to serve on the board of directors and how are they elected?", "What voting rights do policyholders have in a farm mutual insurance company?", "Can a farm mutual insurance company borrow money or pledge assets as security?", "Where can a farm mutual insurance company write insurance policies within Texas?", "What are the rules for renewing a permit to solicit insurance?", "How does the department examine and enforce compliance for farm mutual insurers?" ], "issue_tags": [ "farm-mutual-insurance", "company-formation", "governance", "financial-requirements", "coverage-types", "premium-assessments", "policyholder-voting" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Farm Mutual Insurance Companies", "Farm Mutual Insurers", "Agricultural Mutual Insurance", "Mutual Farm Insurance", "Farm Mutual Statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "912", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 912. COUNTY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/912.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/912.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for county mutual insurance companies in Texas. It tells who can run these companies, what types of insurance they may sell, how they must handle premiums, claims, and financial reserves, and outlines reporting and penalty requirements. It also limits new formations and transfers of business to these insurers.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a new county mutual insurance company be created in Texas?", "What kinds of insurance can a county mutual insurance company write?", "Who is eligible to serve on the board of directors for a county mutual insurance company?", "How are policyholder votes and meetings conducted for these insurers?", "What fees and charges must a county mutual insurance company file with the state?", "What financial reserves and surplus must a county mutual insurance company maintain?", "Can a county mutual insurance company borrow money or take loans from policyholders?", "What are the rules for denying a claim and notifying the claimant?", "What penalties apply if an officer or director commits fraud or misuses company funds?", "How are premiums and assessments collected and enforced against policyholders?", "What reporting and record‑keeping requirements do these insurers have?", "Can an insurer transfer more than 10% of its policies to a county mutual insurance company without approval?" ], "issue_tags": [ "county-mutual-insurance", "governance", "financial-requirements", "policyholder-rights", "insurance-coverage", "regulatory-compliance" ], "synonyms": [ "County Mutual Insurance Companies", "County Mutual Insurers", "Texas County Mutual Insurance Law", "Chapter 912 County Mutual" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "941", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 941. LLOYD'S PLAN", "url": "/statutes/IN/941.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/941.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for Lloyd's plans, which are groups of underwriters that write non‑life insurance in Texas. It explains how they are formed, the types of insurance they may offer, the financial reserves they must hold, and the licensing process for the attorney in fact who runs the plan. It also covers limits on premium income, requirements for foreign plans, conversion to a stock insurer, and penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a Lloyd's plan sell life insurance in Texas?", "What kinds of insurance are a Lloyd's plan allowed to write?", "How many underwriters are required to start a Lloyd's plan?", "What is the role of an attorney in fact for a Lloyd's plan?", "How do I apply for a certificate of authority for a Lloyd's plan?", "What financial reserves and net asset levels must a Lloyd's plan maintain?", "Are there limits on how much premium a Lloyd's plan can write relative to its assets?", "Can a foreign Lloyd's plan operate in Texas, and what bond or asset requirements apply?", "How are profits and liability shared among the underwriters of a Lloyd's plan?", "What steps are needed to convert a Lloyd's plan into a stock insurance company?", "What penalties or fines apply if a Lloyd's plan violates Texas insurance law?" ], "issue_tags": [ "lloyds-plan", "insurance-licensing", "financial-requirements", "foreign-insurers", "conversion", "penalties", "underwriting" ], "synonyms": [ "Lloyd's plan regulations", "Texas Lloyd's plan statutes", "Lloyd's plan insurance rules", "Chapter 941 Lloyd's plan", "Lloyd's plan insurance entity", "Lloyd's plan under Texas law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "942", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 942. RECIPROCAL AND INTERINSURANCE EXCHANGES", "url": "/statutes/IN/942.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/942.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for reciprocal and interinsurance exchanges, which are groups of subscribers that share insurance risk. It tells who can act as the attorney in fact, what bonds or deposits are required, how the exchange must be named, and the financial and reporting standards it must meet. It also limits these exchanges from writing life insurance and gives them limited exemptions from other insurance laws.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a public, private, or municipal corporation be a subscriber in a reciprocal insurance exchange?", "What types of insurance are allowed for a reciprocal or interinsurance exchange?", "Do reciprocal exchanges need a certificate of authority to operate?", "What bond or security must an attorney in fact provide before acting for an exchange?", "How much capital and surplus must a reciprocal exchange maintain?", "Are reciprocal exchanges exempt from most Texas insurance laws?", "Can a reciprocal exchange write life insurance policies?", "What annual reporting requirements does an exchange have to fulfill?", "What naming rules apply when forming a reciprocal exchange?", "What penalties apply if an attorney in fact violates the exchange rules?", "Can an exchange write fidelity or surety bond insurance, and what deposit is required?", "Do subscribers have to pay contingent premiums, and can those be waived?" ], "issue_tags": [ "reciprocal-insurance", "attorney-in-fact", "financial-requirements", "insurance-exchange", "regulatory-compliance", "bonding", "naming-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "reciprocal exchange", "interinsurance exchange", "mutual insurance exchange", "group insurance exchange", "Lloyd's plan", "subscriber pool insurance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "961", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 961. NONPROFIT LEGAL SERVICES CORPORATIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/961.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/961.json", "summary": "This chapter lays out the rules for Texas nonprofit legal services corporations, covering how they are created, governed, and dissolved, as well as how they issue benefit certificates, contract with attorneys, handle claims, and keep financial records. It also clarifies that these corporations are not insurance companies and are subject to nonprofit corporation law rather than insurance regulations.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I form a nonprofit legal services corporation in Texas?", "What is a benefit certificate and who receives one?", "What types of legal service contracts can a nonprofit legal services corporation offer?", "What records must a nonprofit legal services corporation keep?", "What insurance must attorneys have when working with a nonprofit legal services corporation?", "Can a nonprofit legal services corporation pay an attorney for services it didn’t provide?", "How are participant claims paid and what deadlines apply?", "How are complaints against an attorney handled by the corporation?", "Is a nonprofit legal services corporation regulated by the Texas insurance department?", "What steps are required to dissolve a nonprofit legal services corporation?" ], "issue_tags": [ "nonprofit-legal-services", "benefit-certificates", "attorney-contracts", "corporate-formation", "claims-processing", "record-keeping", "dissolution" ], "synonyms": [ "Nonprofit legal services corporation rules", "Texas nonprofit legal services statutes", "Legal services plan regulations", "Nonprofit legal aid corporation provisions", "Chapter 961 of the Texas Insurance Code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "962", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 962. JOB PROTECTION INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/962.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/962.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a special type of insurance that replaces a worker's wages if they lose their job because of discharge or suspension, specifically for railroad employees and bus or truck drivers for common carriers. It defines who can be covered, what the insurance can include, and the rules insurers and agents must follow to sell it, including licensing, capital requirements, and penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "What is job protection insurance?", "Which workers are eligible for job protection insurance in Texas?", "Does a union‑run benefit fund count as job protection insurance?", "What kind of benefits does job protection insurance provide?", "Can an insurer sell job protection insurance without a special certificate?", "What licensing does an insurance agent need to sell this coverage?", "What are the financial or capital requirements for insurers offering this insurance?", "What types of insurance are prohibited under this chapter?", "Is the state guaranty fund available for job protection insurance policies?", "What penalties apply if someone sells job protection insurance without proper authority?", "Where are violations of this chapter prosecuted?", "How does the insurer prove it had policyholders in Texas before August 29, 1983?" ], "issue_tags": [ "job-protection-insurance", "railroad-insurance", "carrier-driver-insurance", "insurer-licensing", "insurance-coverage-limits", "enforcement", "capital-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "job protection insurance", "railroad job protection", "carrier driver insurance", "employment loss indemnity", "job loss insurance", "occupational indemnity insurance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "963", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 963. AUTOMOBILE CLUBS", "url": "/statutes/IN/963.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/963.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas automobile clubs what kinds of insurance they can offer their members and how they must present it. It limits clubs to providing group accidental injury and death coverage, requires a clear certificate of participation, bans referral fees, and allows certain roadside reimbursement services without applying regular insurance regulations.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an automobile club sell liability insurance to its members?", "What type of insurance can an automobile club provide to members?", "Do I need a separate auto liability policy if I get a certificate from my auto club?", "What must a certificate of participation from an automobile club say?", "Can an automobile club receive money for referring members to other insurers?", "Are roadside towing and lockout services covered by the club’s insurance rules?", "Does Texas insurance law apply to the reimbursement services an auto club offers?", "Can an automobile club sell insurance as a separate product from membership fees?", "What are the restrictions on an automobile club’s insurance activities?", "Do automobile clubs need a special license to act as insurance agents?" ], "issue_tags": [ "automobile-clubs", "insurance-services", "group-coverage", "member-reimbursement", "insurance-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "Automobile Club Insurance Rules", "Auto Club Insurance Chapter", "Texas Automobile Club Insurance Provisions", "Automobile Club Group Policy Guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "964", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 964. CAPTIVE INSURANCE COMPANIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/964.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/964.json", "summary": "Chapter 964 sets the rules for Texas captive insurance companies, covering how they are formed, what risks they may insure, and the capital, reserve, and reporting requirements they must meet. It also details the application process for a certificate of authority, limits on the types of insurance they can write, and rules for reinsurance, investments, dividends, and confidentiality. The chapter includes provisions for redomesticating foreign captives and for managing captive exchanges.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my business create a captive insurance company in Texas?", "What kinds of insurance can a Texas captive insurer write and what is prohibited?", "How much capital and surplus is required for a captive insurance company to be licensed?", "What steps and documents are needed to apply for a certificate of authority for a captive insurer?", "What reserve and annual reporting obligations does a captive insurance company have?", "Can a captive insurer provide reinsurance to other insurers or to a captive reinsurance pool?", "Are captive insurers allowed to invest in or loan money to their affiliates?", "How can a captive insurance company pay dividends or distributions to policyholders or equity holders?", "What is redomestication and how does a foreign captive become a Texas captive?", "What confidentiality protections apply to information filed with the insurance commissioner?", "What are the requirements for a captive exchange and its attorney in fact?" ], "issue_tags": [ "captive-insurance", "texas-insurance-regulation", "capital-requirements", "reporting", "reinsurance", "formation", "redomestication", "confidentiality" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas captive insurance statutes", "Chapter 964 captive insurance", "Texas captive insurance code", "captive insurer regulations", "captive insurance company rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "981", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 981. SURPLUS LINES INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/981.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/981.json", "summary": "Chapter 981 sets the rules for Texas surplus lines insurance, which is used when coverage can’t be found from a licensed insurer. It defines who can act as a surplus lines insurer or agent, what qualifications and disclosures are required, and how policies must be documented, filed, and taxed. The chapter also creates a stamping office to oversee filings and enforce compliance.", "questions_answered": [ "When can I place insurance with a surplus lines insurer in Texas?", "Do I need a special license to sell or place surplus lines insurance?", "What qualifications must an insurer meet to be considered an eligible surplus lines insurer?", "What information must be disclosed to a commercial buyer before using surplus lines coverage?", "How must a surplus lines insurance policy or certificate be formatted and what statements are required?", "Are surplus lines premiums subject to state taxes and how are those taxes calculated?", "What are the filing deadlines and fees for surplus lines agents when submitting policies to the stamping office?", "What is the role of the Surplus Lines Stamping Office and what records does it keep?", "Can a foreign insurer become a domestic surplus lines insurer in Texas?", "What penalties apply if a surplus lines agent files a policy late or fails to maintain required records?" ], "issue_tags": [ "surplus-lines", "insurance-regulation", "licensing", "filing-requirements", "taxation", "eligibility", "agents" ], "synonyms": [ "surplus lines insurance regulations", "Texas surplus lines rules", "non-admitted insurance statutes", "eligible surplus lines insurer guidelines", "surplus lines agent licensing requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "982", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 982. FOREIGN AND ALIEN INSURANCE COMPANIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/982.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/982.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for insurance companies that are organized outside Texas—whether in another U.S. state or a foreign country—to do business in Texas. It requires them to obtain a certificate of authority, file detailed financial statements, maintain minimum capital and surplus, and post deposits or trust assets to protect policyholders. The department also oversees their operations, taxes, and any needed approvals for trusts or name changes.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a certificate of authority to sell insurance in Texas if my company is based in another state or country?", "What financial statements must a foreign or alien insurer file with the Texas Department of Insurance?", "How much capital and surplus does a foreign life insurance company need to operate in Texas?", "Can an alien insurance company use a trust instead of a cash deposit to meet the security requirements?", "What are the deposit or trust‑asset requirements for foreign insurers doing business in Texas?", "Are foreign insurers required to pay Texas occupation tax on premiums from Texas policyholders?", "What is the process for getting a certificate of authority for a non‑life foreign insurer?", "Can a foreign insurance company reinsure a Texas‑based insurer or locate in Texas without directly insuring Texas residents?", "What happens if a foreign insurer’s trusted surplus falls below the required level?", "Do foreign insurers need to file their articles of incorporation and bylaws with Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "foreign-insurance", "alien-insurance", "certificate-of-authority", "capital-surplus", "trust-deposits", "financial-reporting", "texas-insurance-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "Foreign and alien insurance companies", "Out‑of‑state insurers", "Non‑domestic insurance companies", "International insurance firms", "Foreign insurer licensing", "Alien insurer requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "983", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 983. REDOMESTICATION OF INSURERS AND HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/983.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/983.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rules for insurers and health maintenance organizations to change their state of domicile, whether moving from another state into Texas, from Texas to another state, or between two foreign states. It explains the approvals needed from the Texas insurance commissioner and other state regulators, the required notices, filings, and updates to policy forms. The chapter also guarantees that existing policies, agents, contracts, and assets generally continue without interruption after the move.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an out‑of‑state insurance company become a Texas domestic insurer?", "What steps does a Texas insurer need to take to move its home state to another state?", "What approvals are required from the Texas insurance commissioner for a domicile change?", "Do existing insurance policies stay in force when the insurer changes its state of domicile?", "What notice and filing requirements must be met before an insurer can redomesticate?", "Do agents’ licenses and appointments survive a redomestication?", "How must an insurer update its policy forms or evidence of coverage after a domicile change?", "What happens to an insurer’s assets when it changes its domicile?", "Can an insurer change its name during a redomestication, and what must it do?", "Is a redomestication allowed if it would reduce the insurer’s capital below required levels?" ], "issue_tags": [ "redomestication", "insurer-domicile-change", "insurance-regulation", "health-maintenance-organization", "policy-continuity", "corporate-restructuring" ], "synonyms": [ "insurer redomestication", "changing insurer domicile", "domicile transfer for insurers", "health maintenance organization relocation", "state of incorporation change", "foreign to domestic conversion", "domestic to foreign conversion" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "984", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 984. MEXICAN CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/984.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/984.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Mexican casualty insurance companies how they can sell policies in Texas. It requires them to be organized under Mexican law, obtain a Texas certificate of authority, work through a licensed Texas agent, keep a financial deposit, pay premium taxes, file regular reports, and follow Texas regulations, with the state able to suspend or revoke their authority if needed.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a Mexican casualty insurance company sell auto or other casualty coverage in Texas?", "What kind of license or certificate does a Mexican insurer need to operate in Texas?", "Does a Mexican insurer have to work with a Texas‑licensed agent to sell policies here?", "What financial deposit must a Mexican casualty insurer maintain with the Texas comptroller?", "How is the premium tax calculated for Mexican casualty insurers doing business in Texas?", "What regular reports does a Mexican insurer have to file with the Texas Department of Insurance?", "What documents are required when a Mexican insurer applies for a certificate of authority in Texas?", "Can Texas revoke or suspend a Mexican insurer’s authority, and under what circumstances?", "What happens to the deposit if the Mexican insurer stops writing policies in Texas?", "Are Mexican casualty insurers subject to the same rules as Texas‑based insurers?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mexican-casualty-insurance", "texas-insurance-regulation", "foreign-insurer-authority", "insurance-deposit", "premium-tax", "insurance-agent-licensing", "regulatory-compliance" ], "synonyms": [ "Mexican casualty insurance companies", "foreign casualty insurers", "Mexican auto insurers", "cross‑border insurance companies", "Mexican insurers doing business in Texas", "Mexican casualty insurers" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1101", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1101. LIFE INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/1101.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1101.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the basic rules that Texas life insurance policies must follow, covering things like how premiums are paid, grace periods, when a policy can be contested, and how claims are settled. It also tells insurers what they cannot include in policies, such as overly short limitation periods or unfair settlement amounts. The law requires insurers to give clear notices when non‑guaranteed charges or interest rates change, and it bars them from discriminating against people who have been prescribed opioid antagonists.", "questions_answered": [ "What must a Texas life insurance policy include about premium payments and grace periods?", "When can a life insurance policy be contested or is it incontestable?", "How long does an insurer have to pay a claim after I submit proof of death?", "What are the rules for policy loans and what happens if I don’t repay them?", "What disclosures will my insurer provide if they raise non‑guaranteed charges or lower the credited interest rate?", "Can an insurer deny me coverage because I have an opioid antagonist prescription?", "What provisions are prohibited in a Texas life insurance policy?", "How is the cash surrender value or nonforfeiture benefit calculated and presented?", "What information must be shown if my policy pays benefits in installments?", "Are there any special rules for older policies or policies issued before certain dates?" ], "issue_tags": [ "life-insurance", "policy-provisions", "disclosures", "nonforfeiture", "policy-loans", "opioid-antagonist", "claim-settlement", "grace-period" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Life Insurance Requirements", "Texas Life Insurance Statutes", "Life Insurance Policy Provisions", "Insurance Code Chapter 1101", "Texas Life Insurance Consumer Protections", "Life Insurance Disclosure Rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1102", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1102. PAYMENT OF INSURANCE BENEFITS IN CURRENCY", "url": "/statutes/IN/1102.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1102.json", "summary": "This chapter requires that insurance benefits be paid in U.S. dollars, and any policy that offers payment in a foreign currency must include a clear warning that the foreign value can change. It gives the insurance commissioner power to withdraw approval of foreign‑currency policy forms that have proven unstable or were approved fraudulently, and allows the commissioner to set rules about reserves and how premiums are invested.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my insurance claim be paid in a foreign currency like euros or yen?", "Do insurance benefits have to be paid in U.S. dollars?", "What warning must be included in a policy that pays benefits in foreign currency?", "Can the state stop an insurer from offering foreign‑currency benefits?", "What can the insurance commissioner do if a foreign‑currency policy is found unstable?", "Are insurers required to keep special reserves for policies that pay in foreign currency?", "Do insurance companies have to follow specific investment rules for premiums under this chapter?", "Which types of insurance (life, health, group, etc.) are covered by these payment rules?", "If a policy form was approved before 2003, can it still pay benefits in foreign currency?", "What happens if a policy was approved using misleading information or fraud?" ], "issue_tags": [ "payment-currency", "foreign-currency-warning", "insurer-commissioner-authority", "insurance-reserves", "insurance-investment", "policy-approval" ], "synonyms": [ "Currency payment rules for insurance", "Insurance benefit currency requirements", "Foreign currency insurance policy disclosure", "Insurance commissioner authority over foreign‑currency forms", "Insurance benefit payout in U.S. dollars" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1103", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1103. LIFE INSURANCE POLICY BENEFICIARIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/1103.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1103.json", "summary": "This chapter tells who can be named as a beneficiary or owner of a life insurance policy in Texas and what interest they must have in the insured's life. It explains how beneficiaries are designated, how the death benefit is paid, and what happens if a beneficiary helps cause the insured’s death. It also covers corporate, partnership, charitable, and other entity beneficiaries, and the rules for transferring or assigning the policy.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a corporation or other business entity be named as a life insurance beneficiary?", "What types of organizations (charities, schools, religious groups) can be beneficiaries?", "Do I need an insurable interest to be a beneficiary or owner of a life insurance policy?", "How do I designate a beneficiary or owner when I apply for a life insurance policy?", "Can I transfer or assign my life insurance policy to another person or entity?", "What happens to the death benefit if the beneficiary is involved in the insured’s death?", "Who receives the proceeds if the primary beneficiary forfeits their interest?", "What interest or interest rate accrues on the proceeds while the insurer processes the claim?", "Can a partner in a partnership be a beneficiary of a life insurance policy?", "What if there is no designated beneficiary—who gets the proceeds?" ], "issue_tags": [ "life-insurance-beneficiaries", "insurable-interest", "beneficiary-designation", "policy-payment", "beneficiary-forfeiture", "corporate-beneficiary" ], "synonyms": [ "Beneficiary rules for life insurance", "Life insurance beneficiary statutes", "Texas life insurance beneficiary provisions", "Statutory beneficiary designations", "Insurance Code Chapter 1103" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1104", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1104. LIFE INSURANCE AND ANNUITY CONTRACTS ISSUED TO CERTAIN PERSONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1104.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1104.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for Texas life insurance and annuity contracts that involve minors and for policies that name a trustee as the beneficiary. It lets teens 14 or older buy and manage policies with a parent or guardian’s written approval, and bars them from canceling because they are minors. It also explains how a trust or a will can be named to receive life‑insurance proceeds, how those proceeds are handled, and that they are not extra subject to the insured’s debts or inheritance tax.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a 14‑year‑old or older buy a life insurance policy in Texas?", "Do I need a parent or guardian’s written signature for my teen’s insurance application?", "What types of people can be insured under a policy bought by a minor?", "Can a minor cancel or rescind a life insurance or annuity contract they purchased?", "What happens if a parent tells the insurer not to apply this chapter to their child?", "Can I name a trust as the beneficiary of my life insurance policy?", "How are life‑insurance proceeds paid to a trustee under a trust or a will?", "Are life‑insurance proceeds that go to a trustee subject to the insured’s debts or inheritance tax?", "May a trustee mix life‑insurance proceeds with other trust assets?", "Do old beneficiary designations that name a trustee still work under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "life-insurance-minors", "annuity-minors", "trustee-beneficiary", "insurance-policy-beneficiary", "minor-contracts", "trust-proceeds" ], "synonyms": [ "minor life insurance contracts", "teen insurance policies", "insurance contracts with minors", "trust as life insurance beneficiary", "trustee receipt of insurance proceeds", "Texas minor insurance rules", "beneficiary trust provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1105", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1105. STANDARD NONFORFEITURE LAW FOR LIFE INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/1105.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1105.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the minimum cash‑surrender values and paid‑up benefits that Texas life‑insurance policies must provide when premiums are missed or the policy is surrendered. It tells insurers how to calculate those values, what interest rates and mortality tables to use, and lists the types of policies that are exempt. The law also requires insurers to disclose the methods and assumptions used in the policy documents.", "questions_answered": [ "What happens to my life insurance if I stop paying premiums?", "Do I have to receive a cash value when I surrender my policy?", "What minimum nonforfeiture benefits does Texas law require for a life insurance policy?", "Are term life policies subject to the nonforfeiture law?", "How are cash surrender values calculated for a life insurance policy?", "What types of life insurance policies are exempt from the nonforfeiture requirements?", "When must an insurer provide a paid‑up benefit after a missed premium payment?", "What interest rates and mortality tables are used to compute nonforfeiture values?", "Can a policy that has no cash value be exempt from this law?", "Do group life insurance policies have to follow the nonforfeiture rules?", "How are adjustments handled for policies that change benefits or premiums over time?", "What disclosures must an insurer include in the policy about nonforfeiture calculations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "life-insurance", "nonforfeiture", "cash-surrender-value", "paid-up-benefit", "policy-exemptions", "valuation-methods", "interest-rates" ], "synonyms": [ "Standard Nonforfeiture Law", "Texas nonforfeiture requirements", "life insurance nonforfeiture provisions", "cash surrender value rules", "paid‑up insurance rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1106", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1106. REINSTATEMENT OF CERTAIN LIFE INSURANCE POLICIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/1106.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1106.json", "summary": "This chapter gives people the right to have a lapsed individual life insurance policy reinstated when the lapse was caused by the insured’s mental incapacity, as long as the policy had been in force for at least five years and the request is filed within a year of the lapse. The insurer must restore the policy, collect the missed premiums plus interest, and cannot demand new medical evidence, while also providing required disclosures about these rights.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I reinstate my life insurance if I stopped paying because I was mentally incapacitated?", "What proof do I need to show mental incapacity to get my policy reinstated?", "How long do I have to request reinstatement after a policy lapses?", "Do I have to pay extra fees or get a new health exam to reinstate a lapsed policy?", "What interest rate applies to the unpaid premiums when a policy is reinstated?", "Will my life insurance coverage be treated as continuous if it’s reinstated?", "How are benefits affected if the policy is reinstated after a lapse?", "What disclosures must my insurer provide about reinstatement rights?", "Does the reinstatement rule apply to policies issued before 1995?", "Who can file a reinstatement request on my behalf?" ], "issue_tags": [ "life-insurance", "policy-reinstatement", "mental-incapacity", "policy-lapse", "insurance-disclosure" ], "synonyms": [ "reinstatement of lapsed life policies", "policy restoration after mental incapacity", "life insurance lapse relief", "mental incapacity reinstatement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1107", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1107. STANDARD NONFORFEITURE LAW FOR CERTAIN ANNUITIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/1107.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1107.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for nonforfeiture benefits that certain annuity contracts must provide when payments stop. It requires a minimum paid‑up, cash surrender, or death benefit, explains how those amounts are calculated, lists which contracts are exempt, and gives the commissioner authority to adopt implementing rules.", "questions_answered": [ "What minimum benefit does my annuity have to give if payments end?", "Does my variable or group annuity have to follow these nonforfeiture rules?", "How is the cash surrender value of an annuity calculated?", "What contracts are exempt from the nonforfeiture requirements?", "When does the nonforfeiture law start to apply to my annuity contract?", "What interest rate is used to compute the minimum nonforfeiture amount?", "Can the insurance company terminate my annuity early and how?", "What disclosures must be included in the annuity contract about benefits?", "How are flexible, fixed, or single‑payment annuities treated differently?", "What is the maturity date used for calculating nonforfeiture benefits?", "Are there rules for contracts that combine annuity and life insurance benefits?", "Can the commissioner change these rules or add new ones?" ], "issue_tags": [ "annuity-nonforfeiture", "minimum-benefits", "contract-computation", "exemptions", "interest-rate", "disclosure-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "Standard Nonforfeiture Law for Certain Annuities", "Texas annuity nonforfeiture provisions", "Nonforfeiture benefits for annuities", "Minimum nonforfeiture amount rules", "Paid‑up annuity requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1108", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1108. BENEFITS EXEMPT FROM SEIZURE", "url": "/statutes/IN/1108.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1108.json", "summary": "This chapter protects the cash value and proceeds of life insurance policies and annuity contracts from creditors, garnishment, seizure, and bankruptcy, unless specific exceptions apply. It also clarifies that the protection remains even if the beneficiary changes, and explains how child support liens and certain assignments are treated.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a creditor take my life insurance payout or annuity benefits?", "Are my insurance benefits protected in a bankruptcy filing?", "What exceptions allow a creditor to reach my insurance or annuity proceeds?", "Does a child support lien affect my life insurance or annuity benefits?", "Can I assign my insurance benefits to someone else and still keep them protected?", "If I change the beneficiary, does the protection from seizure still apply?", "Can a court order seize my policy’s cash value to pay a debt?", "Are benefits still exempt if my estate is named as the beneficiary?", "What happens if I paid an insurance premium fraudulently?", "Can a secured debt that uses my policy as collateral be enforced against the benefits?", "Do child support liens stay attached after I assign my insurance benefits?", "Is my annuity plan offered by my employer also protected from creditors?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-benefits-exempt", "creditor-protection", "annuity-protection", "child-support-lien", "assignment-of-benefits", "exemptions-exceptions" ], "synonyms": [ "Insurance benefits exemption from seizure", "Life insurance and annuity protection", "Creditor protection for insurance proceeds", "Exempt insurance benefits", "Insurance benefit seizure immunity", "Annuity contract protection" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1109", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1109. UNCLAIMED LIFE INSURANCE AND ANNUITY CONTRACT PROCEEDS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1109.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1109.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for life insurance and annuity money that has gone unclaimed for three years. Insurers must search death records, try to locate beneficiaries, and report any unclaimed proceeds to the state comptroller. The comptroller can adopt rules and orders to enforce the process, and insurers may not charge fees for these searches.", "questions_answered": [ "What happens to life insurance money if the beneficiary never claims it?", "How long must a life insurance company hold unclaimed proceeds before turning them over to the state?", "What steps does an insurer have to take to confirm a policyholder’s death?", "Can an insurer charge fees to locate a beneficiary or verify a death?", "Who receives unclaimed life insurance or annuity proceeds in Texas?", "What is a Death Master File and how is it used by insurers?", "How often must insurers compare their records to the Death Master File?", "What can the Texas comptroller do if an insurer doesn’t follow the unclaimed‑proceeds rules?", "Are annuity contracts covered by the same unclaimed‑proceeds requirements as life insurance policies?", "Can a beneficiary still claim money after it has been sent to the state comptroller?" ], "issue_tags": [ "unclaimed-proceeds", "life-insurance", "death-master-file", "beneficiary-search", "state-unclaimed-property", "insurance-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Unclaimed Life Insurance Act", "Unclaimed Insurance Proceeds Law", "Texas Life Insurance Unclaimed Funds Statute", "Unclaimed Annuity Proceeds Chapter", "Texas Insurance Unclaimed Property Rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1110", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1110. INTEREST RATES ON CERTAIN POLICY LOANS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1110.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1110.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you how much interest an insurer can charge when you borrow money against a life insurance policy. It sets a ceiling on fixed rates, explains how adjustable rates are calculated using market averages, and requires insurers to tell you about the rate and any changes. The rules only apply to policies issued after a certain date and protect you from losing coverage just because the loan rate goes up.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the highest interest rate an insurer can charge on a loan against my life insurance?", "How are adjustable interest rates on policy loans calculated?", "How often can my insurer change the interest rate on a policy loan?", "Do I have to be notified before the interest rate on my policy loan goes up?", "What information must be included in my life insurance policy about loan interest rates?", "Can my life insurance policy be cancelled just because the loan interest rate changes?", "Does this law apply to policies I bought before 1981?", "What is the difference between a cash loan and a premium loan on a life insurance policy?", "How is the loan value of my policy determined?", "Are there any limits on how much the interest rate can increase or decrease at one time?" ], "issue_tags": [ "life-insurance", "policy-loans", "interest-rates", "adjustable-rates", "consumer-disclosure", "coverage-protection" ], "synonyms": [ "policy loan interest rate rules", "life insurance loan interest limits", "insurance loan rate regulations", "interest caps on policy loans", "adjustable loan rate guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1111", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1111. ACCELERATED TERM LIFE INSURANCE BENEFITS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1111.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1111.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a life insurance company give an insured a portion of the death benefit early if the insured has a terminal illness, a long‑term care condition, or a serious disability‑causing disease. The early payment is taken out of the amount that would otherwise go to beneficiaries when the insured dies. The insurer must have a satisfactory written medical opinion before paying the advance.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I receive part of my term life insurance before I die if I have a terminal illness?", "What qualifies as a terminal illness for an early life insurance payout?", "Does a long‑term care condition allow me to get an accelerated benefit from my policy?", "Will an early payment reduce the death benefit my heirs receive?", "Do I need a doctor's statement to get an accelerated benefit?", "Can I get an advance if I have a serious disability like AIDS or need an organ transplant?", "Does my group term life policy allow for an accelerated benefit?", "What happens to any conversion rights if I take an accelerated benefit?", "Can the insurance commissioner change the rules for these early payouts?", "Is there a limit on how much of the death benefit can be taken early?" ], "issue_tags": [ "accelerated-benefits", "term-life-insurance", "terminal-illness", "long-term-care", "disability", "insurance-payouts" ], "synonyms": [ "accelerated term life benefits", "early life insurance payout", "accelerated death benefit", "terminal illness benefit", "life insurance advance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1111A", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1111A. LIFE SETTLEMENT CONTRACTS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1111A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1111A.json", "summary": "The Life Settlements Act sets rules for buying and selling life insurance policies in Texas. It requires providers and brokers to be licensed, mandates specific disclosures to policy owners, and establishes anti‑fraud and privacy protections. The chapter also outlines how contracts must be formatted, advertised, and enforced, and it defines penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to act as a provider or broker in a Texas life settlement?", "What information must I receive before I sign a life settlement contract?", "Can I cancel or rescind a life settlement contract, and how does that work?", "What practices are prohibited when advertising or marketing a life settlement?", "How does Texas law protect my medical and personal information in a life settlement?", "What are the penalties if someone commits fraud in a life settlement transaction?", "Who can act as a broker, and what fiduciary duties do they owe me?", "What forms and disclosures must be approved by the commissioner before use?", "How are disputes resolved if owners from different states are involved in a settlement?", "What are the requirements for a life settlement contract when the insured is terminally or chronically ill?" ], "issue_tags": [ "life-settlement", "licensing", "disclosures", "fraud-prevention", "privacy", "advertising", "rescission" ], "synonyms": [ "Life Settlements Act", "Texas life settlement regulations", "life insurance settlement law", "life settlement contract rules", "Texas life settlement code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1112", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1112. CERTAIN GUARANTEES IN LIFE INSURANCE POLICIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/1112.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1112.json", "summary": "This chapter allows life insurance policies to include guaranteed payments or premium reductions and treats those guarantees as definite contract benefits. It sets out how those benefits must be valued for the insurer's reserves, with different methods depending on when the policy was issued. Older policies use a uniform percentage of premiums, while newer ones follow the commissioner’s reserve valuation method.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a life insurance policy promise a fixed payment or premium reduction?", "Are guaranteed benefits in a life insurance policy allowed under Texas law?", "How is a guaranteed benefit valued for an older policy issued before 1955?", "What valuation method is used for guaranteed benefits in policies issued after the 1955 cutoff?", "Do insurers have to set aside reserves for guaranteed payments or premium cuts?", "Does this chapter apply to policies that were issued before September 7, 1955?", "What does “definite contract benefit” mean for a life insurance policy?", "Can a policy with a guaranteed benefit be treated as a one‑year preliminary term insurance?", "How are guarantees on coupons (payment cards) treated under the law?", "When did the new reserve valuation rules for guaranteed benefits become effective?" ], "issue_tags": [ "life-insurance-guarantees", "definite-contract-benefit", "reserve-valuation", "premium-reductions", "policy-valuation-methods" ], "synonyms": [ "guaranteed benefits in life insurance", "life policy guarantees", "insurance policy guaranteed payments", "premium reduction guarantees", "definite contract benefit rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1113", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1113. MANAGEMENT, CONTROL, AND DISPOSITION OF CERTAIN LIFE INSURANCE AND ANNUITY CONTRACTS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1113.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1113.json", "summary": "This chapter gives each spouse in Texas the sole power to manage, change, or cash out any life insurance or annuity contract that is in their own name. The other spouse does not need to be involved or give consent, even if the contract was created before 1968. The rule applies to all such contracts regardless of when they were issued.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my husband change my life insurance policy without my permission?", "Do I need my wife's consent to assign or sell my annuity contract?", "Can a spouse cancel or cash out a life insurance policy they own without the other spouse's approval?", "What rights does a spouse have over a life insurance or annuity contract in their own name?", "Is joint consent required for any changes to a spouse's life insurance policy?", "Can I transfer my life insurance benefits to someone else without my partner's agreement?", "Does Texas law allow a spouse to control a policy that was taken out before 1968?", "Do I need my spouse's signature to change the beneficiary on my annuity?", "Can my spouse withdraw money from my annuity without my knowledge?", "Are there any exceptions where a spouse cannot act alone on a life insurance contract?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-life-insurance", "spouse-rights", "contract-control", "annuity-management", "marital-property", "insurance-policy" ], "synonyms": [ "spousal control of life insurance", "Texas spouse insurance authority", "life insurance management by spouse", "spouse's right to dispose of annuity", "insurance code chapter 1113", "spousal authority over insurance contracts" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1114", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1114. REPLACEMENT OF CERTAIN LIFE INSURANCE POLICIES AND ANNUITIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/1114.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1114.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for swapping out existing life insurance policies or annuities for new ones. It requires agents and insurers to give clear notices, summaries, and disclosures so consumers can compare options and understand any financing involved. It also outlines how insurers must monitor and record these replacement transactions and what penalties apply for non‑compliance.", "questions_answered": [ "What must an insurance agent tell me before I replace my life insurance policy?", "Do I have to get a written summary of my current policy before buying a new one?", "How does the insurer know if I’m using my old policy to help pay for a new one?", "What information will I receive about my existing policy if I’m considering a replacement?", "Are there special rules for replacing an annuity contract?", "What are the insurer’s responsibilities for monitoring my policy replacement?", "Can an agent hide the fact that I’m replacing a policy from my current insurer?", "What happens if the insurer or agent doesn’t follow the replacement rules?", "Do I have a right to cancel a new policy and get a refund within 30 days?", "Are there any exemptions where these replacement rules don’t apply?" ], "issue_tags": [ "life-insurance-replacement", "annuity-replacement", "consumer-disclosure", "insurance-agent-duties", "insurer-oversight", "financed-purchase", "policy-summary" ], "synonyms": [ "Life insurance replacement rules", "Annuity exchange regulations", "Texas insurance replacement chapter", "Replacement of life insurance policies and annuities", "Insurance policy swap statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1115", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1115. SUITABILITY OF CERTAIN ANNUITY TRANSACTIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1115.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1115.json", "summary": "This Texas chapter sets rules for anyone who recommends or sells annuities. Agents must act in the consumer’s best interest, gather detailed financial information, disclose all compensation, and avoid or manage conflicts of interest. Insurers must supervise agents and keep records, and both must follow specific training and documentation requirements. Certain retirement‑plan and other transactions are exempt.", "questions_answered": [ "What must an annuity agent do before recommending a product to a consumer?", "Do I have to provide personal financial information to an annuity salesperson?", "How must agents disclose the commissions or fees they receive from an annuity sale?", "What are the rules for handling conflicts of interest when selling annuities?", "What training is required for Texas agents who sell annuities?", "What supervision responsibilities do insurers have over their annuity agents?", "Are there any exemptions for annuities that are part of employer retirement plans?", "What records do agents and insurers need to keep after an annuity transaction?", "What practices are prohibited for agents or insurers when selling annuities?", "How can the Texas commissioner enforce these rules or impose sanctions?" ], "issue_tags": [ "best-interest", "annuity-recommendations", "consumer-disclosure", "agent-training", "insurer-supervision", "conflict-of-interest", "recordkeeping" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas annuity suitability rules", "Annuity best‑interest obligation", "Consumer protection for annuity sales", "Texas annuity recommendation requirements", "Annuity suitability statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1116", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1116. REQUIRED PROVISIONS FOR ANNUITY CONTRACT", "url": "/statutes/IN/1116.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1116.json", "summary": "This chapter defines what an annuity is and sets a mandatory 20‑day cooling‑off period during which a buyer can cancel the contract and get a refund. It explains how refunds are calculated for fixed, variable, and modified guaranteed annuities, and it exempts accredited investors from the cooling‑off rule. The chapter also gives the insurance commissioner authority to create rules for contingent deferred annuity contracts, covering approval, suitability, disclosure, and advertising standards.", "questions_answered": [ "How long do I have to cancel a fixed annuity after I receive the contract?", "What refund will I receive if I rescind a variable annuity within the cooling‑off period?", "Are accredited investors required to wait 20 days before canceling an annuity?", "What does “contingent deferred annuity contract” mean?", "Who sets the rules for contingent deferred annuity contracts in Texas?", "What disclosures must be provided for contingent deferred annuities?", "Can I get my premiums back if I cancel an annuity within the rescission period?", "What fees or charges are deducted from my refund when I rescind an annuity?", "Do the rescission rules apply to both individual and group annuities?", "What standards does the commissioner use to approve contingent deferred annuity contracts?" ], "issue_tags": [ "annuity-definition", "annuity-rescission", "accredited-investor-exemption", "contingent-deferred-annuity", "insurance-regulation", "refund-rights" ], "synonyms": [ "required annuity provisions", "annuity contract rescission rules", "Texas annuity law", "contingent deferred annuity regulations", "annuity cooling‑off period" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1117", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1117. USE OF SENIOR-SPECIFIC CERTIFICATIONS OR PROFESSIONAL DESIGNATIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1117.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1117.json", "summary": "This chapter creates rules to protect consumers from insurance agents who mislead them by using senior‑specific certifications or titles they don’t actually have. It defines what counts as a senior‑specific certification, explains when its use is prohibited, and sets standards for legitimate designations.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an insurance agent claim a senior‑specific certification if they never earned it?", "What kinds of titles or designations are considered senior‑specific for life insurance and annuities?", "Is it illegal for an agent to use a made‑up senior certification in marketing materials?", "Do I need to verify an agent’s senior‑specific credential before buying a life insurance policy?", "What organizations’ certifications are allowed under this law?", "Can a job title like “Senior Advisor” be used without violating the rule?", "What happens if an agent uses a senior‑specific designation that was issued by a sales‑training company?", "Are there any continuing‑education requirements for senior‑specific certifications?", "How does the commissioner decide whether a word combination is a senior‑specific designation?", "Does this chapter affect other insurance regulations or only senior‑specific titles?" ], "issue_tags": [ "senior-certifications", "insurance-marketing", "consumer-protection", "life-insurance", "annuities", "false-claims" ], "synonyms": [ "senior‑specific certification rules", "senior advisor designation restrictions", "insurance agent senior title guidelines", "senior‑focused credential regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1131", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1131. GROUP LIFE INSURANCE AND WHOLESALE, FRANCHISE, OR EMPLOYEE LIFE INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/1131.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1131.json", "summary": "Chapter 1131 sets the rules for who can buy group life insurance in Texas and what the policies must contain. It covers employers, labor unions, government entities, nonprofits, creditors, and wholesale or franchise plans, specifying eligibility, premium payment methods, minimum enrollment numbers, and conversion rights when coverage ends. The chapter also requires certain policy provisions like grace periods, nonforfeiture clauses, and certificates of insurance.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my employer offer a group life insurance policy to its employees?", "What types of organizations are allowed to get group life insurance in Texas?", "What are the minimum enrollment requirements for a group life insurance policy?", "How are premiums for group life insurance supposed to be paid?", "What happens to my coverage if I leave my job or my membership ends?", "Are spouses and children automatically covered under a group life insurance plan?", "Can a labor union purchase group life insurance for its members?", "What rules apply to wholesale, franchise, or employee life insurance plans?", "Can a creditor insure the lives of its debtors with a group policy?", "What conversion rights do I have if my group policy is terminated?", "What special requirements apply to nonprofit organizations getting group life insurance?", "How does group life insurance work for government entities or public employee associations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "group-life-insurance", "eligibility", "premium-payment", "minimum-enrollment", "conversion-rights", "wholesale-employee-insurance", "government-entity-insurance", "nonprofit-insurance" ], "synonyms": [ "group life insurance regulations", "group term life insurance rules", "wholesale franchise employee life insurance provisions", "Texas Insurance Code Chapter 1131", "group insurance statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1132", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1132. NOTICE OF RATE INCREASE FOR GROUP LIFE INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/1132.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1132.json", "summary": "This chapter requires insurers that sell group life insurance to send a written notice to the policyholder (or trustee) at least 61 days before any premium increase takes effect. The notice must state the amount of the increase and the effective date, and the insurer cannot force a response before 45 days after the notice is given. The rule applies to various types of insurers and also covers policies issued to multiple employer trusts.", "questions_answered": [ "How far in advance must I be told about a group life insurance premium increase?", "What information must the insurer include in the notice of a rate increase?", "Does the notice requirement apply to policies held by a multiple employer trust?", "Can my employer force me to accept a premium increase before I receive notice?", "What types of insurance companies are covered by this notice rule?", "Can an insurer ask me to renew or change the policy before 45 days after the notice?", "What happens if the insurer fails to send the required notice on time?", "Is the notice based on the coverage that is in effect when the notice is sent?", "Can we negotiate a different rate after the insurer has sent the required notice?", "Do fraternal benefit societies have to follow the same notice requirements?" ], "issue_tags": [ "group-life-insurance", "premium-increase-notice", "insurer-notification", "policyholder-rights", "rate-change" ], "synonyms": [ "group life insurance rate increase notice", "premium increase notification requirement", "group policy premium change notice", "insurance rate hike notice rule", "group life insurance notice of rate increase" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1151", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1151. INDUSTRIAL LIFE INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/1151.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1151.json", "summary": "This chapter defines industrial life insurance—small‑face‑value policies paid weekly or at least monthly—and sets the rules for how those policies must be written, what they must contain, and what they cannot include. It also outlines required disclosures, grace periods, nonforfeiture options, claim settlement timelines, and special provisions for very old policies. Certain mutual aid, fraternal, and labor‑related groups are exempt from these rules.", "questions_answered": [ "What is industrial life insurance and how does it differ from other life policies?", "Which organizations are exempt from the industrial life insurance rules?", "What title and wording must appear on the face of an industrial life insurance policy?", "Can an insurance agent change or waive any terms of the policy?", "How long is the grace period for missed premiums and what happens if a claim occurs during that time?", "When must the insurer pay out a death claim on an industrial life policy?", "How can a policy be reinstated after a lapse in premium payments?", "What benefit limits can be placed on suicide or hazardous‑occupation deaths?", "What nonforfeiture benefits or cash surrender values are required if premiums stop?", "Are there any prohibited settlement methods or timing restrictions for these policies?", "What options do holders of very old industrial policies have if they stop paying premiums?" ], "issue_tags": [ "industrial-life-insurance", "policy-form-requirements", "grace-period", "nonforfeiture-options", "claim-settlement", "exempt-organizations", "benefit-limitations" ], "synonyms": [ "industrial policy", "small-face-value life insurance", "weekly premium life insurance", "low‑value life coverage", "industrial life coverage" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1152", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1152. SEPARATE ACCOUNTS, VARIABLE CONTRACTS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1152.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1152.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for life insurance companies that create separate accounts and sell variable contracts, like variable life insurance and variable annuities. It tells how these accounts can be funded, invested, and reported, and gives the insurance commissioner power to adopt rules, approve transfers, and license agents. It also requires specific disclosures, reserve calculations, and annual statements for these products.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a life insurance company establish a separate account for a variable annuity or life insurance policy?", "Who owns the money that is placed in a separate account?", "May an insurer move assets between its separate accounts, and what approvals are needed?", "What investment limits apply to assets held in a separate account?", "What disclosures and contract provisions must be included in a variable contract sold in Texas?", "Do agents need a special license to sell variable contracts, and what type of license is required?", "What reserve calculations are required for variable contracts that have guaranteed benefits?", "What annual reporting must an insurer file for its separate variable contract accounts?", "Can a subsidiary or affiliate of an authorized life insurer issue variable contracts without a separate approval?", "What are the rules for private placement variable contracts and who can buy them?", "How are non‑forfeiture values determined for modified guaranteed contracts?", "Can a separate account be used to hold funds that are guaranteed in amount or interest rate?" ], "issue_tags": [ "separate-accounts", "variable-contracts", "commissioner-regulation", "agent-licensing", "investment-limits", "reporting-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "separate account rules", "variable life and annuity regulations", "Texas insurance variable contract provisions", "insurance separate account statutes", "variable contract licensing rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1153", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1153. CREDIT LIFE INSURANCE AND CREDIT ACCIDENT AND HEALTH INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/1153.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1153.json", "summary": "This chapter sets Texas rules for credit life insurance and credit accident‑and‑health insurance that are sold with a loan or other credit transaction. It tells insurers how to file policies, rates, and forms, limits the amount of coverage and premiums, requires clear disclosures to borrowers, and outlines refunds, claim handling, and penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "What is credit life insurance and how does it differ from regular life insurance?", "When must a credit insurance policy or certificate be given to the borrower?", "How much can a creditor charge a borrower for credit insurance premiums?", "What are the limits on the amount of coverage for credit life or credit accident‑and‑health insurance?", "Can a creditor keep the insurance benefits after the loan is paid off?", "What refunds am I entitled to if my loan is paid off early or refinanced?", "How are insurance rates set and can they be higher or lower than the standard rate?", "What forms and rate schedules must an insurer file with the Texas Department of Insurance?", "What happens to the insurance if my loan is refinanced or renewed before it matures?", "What penalties can an insurer face for violating the credit insurance rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "credit-life-insurance", "credit-accident-health", "insurance-rates", "policy-disclosure", "refunds", "enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "Act for the Regulation of Credit Life Insurance and Credit Accident and Health Insurance", "Texas credit insurance regulations", "credit life and credit accident‑and‑health insurance chapter", "credit insurance statutes", "credit insurance rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1154", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1154. FUNDING AGREEMENTS, GUARANTEED INVESTMENT CONTRACTS, AND SYNTHETIC GUARANTEED INVESTMENT CONTRACTS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1154.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1154.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for three types of annuity-like products—funding agreements, guaranteed investment contracts (GICs), and synthetic guaranteed investment contracts—issued by life insurers in Texas. It defines each product, explains who may purchase them, and clarifies that other insurance statutes generally do not apply to these contracts. The commissioner can adopt rules to implement the chapter, and the purpose is to protect the public by regulating these investment-focused agreements.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a life insurer sell a funding agreement to an individual investor?", "What is a guaranteed investment contract and how does it work?", "What does the term 'synthetic guaranteed investment contract' mean?", "Who is allowed to purchase a funding agreement in Texas?", "Do other Texas insurance chapters apply to these contracts?", "Can a retirement plan use a guaranteed investment contract for its assets?", "What are the asset or accreditation requirements for institutions buying these products?", "What authority does the Texas insurance commissioner have over these agreements?", "Why does Texas have a separate chapter for funding agreements and GICs?", "Are group annuity contracts considered synthetic guaranteed investment contracts?" ], "issue_tags": [ "funding-agreements", "guaranteed-investment-contracts", "synthetic-gic", "life-insurer-regulation", "retirement-plan-investments", "texas-insurance-code" ], "synonyms": [ "Funding agreements", "Guaranteed investment contracts", "Synthetic guaranteed investment contracts", "GICs", "Group annuity contracts", "Annuitized funding vehicles", "Life insurer investment products" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1201", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1201. ACCIDENT AND HEALTH INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/1201.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1201.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for accident and health insurance policies sold in Texas. It requires clear, standardized language, specific disclosures, and defined coverage for individuals and their dependents. It also limits unfair policy provisions, outlines how pre‑existing conditions are handled, and establishes procedures for claims, cancellations, and penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "What information must be included in a Texas accident and health insurance policy?", "Can I return my health insurance policy within 10 days and get a refund of the premium?", "How does Texas law treat pre‑existing conditions in accident and health policies?", "Are adopted children or grandchildren covered under my health insurance policy?", "What notice must my insurer give me before raising my premium for major medical coverage?", "What is the required grace period for paying premiums on an individual health policy?", "When can I change the beneficiary on my accident and health insurance policy?", "What are the timelines for filing a claim and providing proof of loss?", "What does the incontestability provision mean for my policy after two years?", "What penalties can the state impose on insurers that violate these rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "accident-health-insurance", "policy-standards", "consumer-disclosures", "dependent-coverage", "preexisting-conditions", "claim-procedures", "insurer-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Accident and Health Insurance Chapter", "Insurance Code Chapter 1201", "Texas health insurance policy regulations", "Accident and Health Insurance Rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1202", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1202. CANCELLATION AND CONTINUATION OF POLICIES IN GENERAL", "url": "/statutes/IN/1202.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1202.json", "summary": "This chapter explains that guaranteed renewable and noncancellable health policies stay in force as long as premiums are paid, and they cannot be treated as new policies when renewed. It sets out when insurers must or may refuse to renew individual health insurance, listing specific reasons like nonpayment, fraud, or the insurer exiting the market. It also prohibits cancelling an individual accident and health policy because the insured has AIDS or HIV, except for nonpayment or fraud. The commissioner is tasked with creating rules to implement these requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my health insurance be cancelled just because I have HIV or AIDS?", "What does a continuous or guaranteed renewable health policy mean?", "Do I need to pay my premium each month to keep my policy active?", "Can an insurer refuse to renew my individual health insurance plan?", "What reasons can an insurer use to decline renewal of my health coverage?", "If an insurer stops offering coverage in the individual market, will my policy be cancelled?", "Does moving to a different state affect my ability to keep my health insurance?", "Are there any special rules for small employer health benefit plans?", "What role does the state insurance commissioner play in policy renewal rules?", "Can a policy be considered a new renewal when I simply pay the premium?", "Can an insurer cancel my policy for fraud or misrepresentation?", "How do federal laws influence the renewal or continuation of my health insurance?" ], "issue_tags": [ "continuous-policy", "renewal", "cancellation", "HIV-protection", "individual-health-insurance", "insurer-grounds", "commissioner-rules" ], "synonyms": [ "continuous policies", "guaranteed renewable policies", "noncancellable policies", "individual health insurance renewal rules", "HIV/AIDS cancellation protection", "policy continuation requirements", "insurance policy renewal criteria" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1203", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1203. COORDINATION OF BENEFITS PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1203.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1203.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas insurers how to work together when a person has more than one health, dental, vision, or supplemental policy. It makes sure benefits aren’t cut because another policy also pays, sets out which insurer is primary and which is secondary, and bans certain coordination clauses. It also requires a uniform questionnaire for insurers that use coordination of benefits provisions.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my dental insurance reduce benefits because I also have another dental plan?", "What determines which insurer is the primary payer when I have multiple health policies?", "Are insurers allowed to deny a claim because another policy already paid for the service?", "Do Texas rules require vision insurers to coordinate benefits with health insurers?", "Which types of insurance policies must follow the coordination of benefits rules?", "Is a supplemental accident policy that pays a fixed amount exempt from these rules?", "How are eye care expenses split between a health plan and a vision plan?", "Do insurers have to use a standard coordination of benefits questionnaire?", "Are coordination of benefits provisions that limit benefits before policy limits reached void?", "Which entities (insurance companies, HMOs, fraternal societies, etc.) are covered by this chapter?", "Can a policy that reduces benefits because another policy pays be sold in Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "coordination-of-benefits", "health-insurance", "dental-insurance", "vision-insurance", "supplemental-insurance", "policy-provisions", "insurance-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "Coordination of Benefits Rules", "COB provisions", "benefit coordination statutes", "Texas insurance coordination rules", "primary and secondary insurer rules", "multiple policy coordination" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1204", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1204. PROCEDURES FOR PAYMENT OF CERTAIN HEALTH AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE POLICY OR PLAN BENEFITS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1204.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1204.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out how health and accident insurance policies must handle payments. It requires insurers to allow patients to assign benefits to doctors, use uniform claim forms, and pay certain public hospitals and state agencies. It also bars policies from excluding Medicaid‑related benefits and outlines how benefits can be paid to a child’s conservator when the parent cannot receive them.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my health insurance policy stop me from assigning my benefits to my doctor?", "What forms must a provider use to bill my health insurance for reimbursement?", "Are insurers allowed to refuse payment for services at a state‑owned hospital?", "Does my policy have to cover Medicaid or other state medical assistance expenses?", "Can a health insurer exclude certain benefits that are required by state law?", "What happens to deductibles and copays if I assign my benefits to a provider?", "How are benefits paid to the Texas Department of Human Services for a child in a child‑support case?", "Can a non‑parent conservator receive insurance benefits on behalf of a minor child?", "What requirements must a policy meet to reimburse the state for medical assistance costs?", "Are there rules about how insurers must verify services before paying a provider?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-insurance", "benefit-assignment", "uniform-claim-forms", "public-hospital-payments", "state-medical-assistance", "child-conservator-payments" ], "synonyms": [ "Procedures for payment of health and accident insurance benefits", "Health insurance benefit payment rules", "Assignment of benefits regulations", "Uniform claim billing requirements", "State hospital and Medicaid reimbursement provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1205", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1205. CERTIFICATION OF CREDITABLE COVERAGE", "url": "/statutes/IN/1205.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1205.json", "summary": "This chapter requires health benefit plan issuers to give a written certification that shows a person’s prior creditable coverage. It defines which types of health plans count as creditable coverage and lists many kinds of insurance that do not. The state insurance commissioner must adopt rules to implement these requirements and to align with federal law.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a certification of creditable coverage and why do I need one?", "Which health plans are required to provide a certification of coverage?", "What kinds of health insurance count as creditable coverage?", "What types of insurance are excluded from creditable coverage?", "Does my employer’s self‑funded health plan qualify as creditable coverage?", "Can a Medicare supplemental plan be used as creditable coverage?", "Who creates the rules that govern this certification process?", "How do I prove my prior health coverage when switching to a new plan?", "Do government health programs like Medicaid or Indian Health Service count as creditable coverage?", "What is the difference between creditable coverage and accident‑only insurance?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-coverage", "creditable-coverage", "insurance-certification", "coverage-definition", "health-plan-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "certification of creditable coverage", "creditable coverage certification", "health benefit plan coverage verification", "coverage credit certification", "insurance coverage certification" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1206", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1206. DENIAL OF HEALTH BENEFIT PLAN ENROLLMENT BASED ON EXISTING COVERAGE PROHIBITED", "url": "/statutes/IN/1206.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1206.json", "summary": "This chapter stops health insurance plans from turning people away just because they already have another health plan. It applies to most health benefit plans but excludes things like disease‑specific policies, Medicare supplements, workers’ compensation, and certain long‑term care plans. If a plan does refuse enrollment for that reason, it is considered unfair discrimination.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a health insurer reject my application because I already have another health plan?", "Are health plans allowed to deny enrollment based on existing coverage?", "What types of insurance are excluded from this enrollment rule?", "Does this law apply to Medicare supplemental policies?", "If a plan refuses me enrollment for having other coverage, is that illegal?", "What kinds of health benefit plans must follow this rule?", "Are dental or vision plans subject to the same enrollment restrictions?", "Can a workers' compensation policy be used to deny health plan enrollment?", "What happens if a health plan violates the enrollment prohibition?", "Is it considered discrimination if a plan refuses me because I have other coverage?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-insurance", "enrollment-discrimination", "coverage-denial", "insurance-regulation", "unfair-discrimination" ], "synonyms": [ "Denial of enrollment based on existing coverage", "Existing coverage enrollment prohibition", "Health benefit plan enrollment rules", "Insurance enrollment discrimination ban", "Prohibition on refusing health plan enrollment" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1207", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1207. ENROLLMENT OF MEDICAL ASSISTANCE RECIPIENTS AND CHILDREN ELIGIBLE FOR STATE CHILD HEALTH PLAN", "url": "/statutes/IN/1207.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1207.json", "summary": "This chapter requires group health insurers to let people who receive Medicaid or who qualify for the state child health plan join their plans at any time, even if the usual enrollment window is closed. It also explains when coverage begins and gives the insured a limited period to leave the plan if they no longer qualify for Medicaid or the child health program.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a Medicaid recipient enroll in my employer’s group health plan outside the open enrollment period?", "What steps must a health insurer take to add a child who is eligible for the state child health plan to a group plan?", "If a person loses Medicaid eligibility, how long do they have to enroll in their group health plan?", "When does coverage start for someone who enrolls because they are on Medicaid or the child health plan?", "Do I need to enroll a family member together with the Medicaid recipient under this rule?", "How can a person who enrolled under this chapter cancel their group health coverage?", "What documentation does an insurer need to accept a Medicaid enrollment request?", "Are there waiting periods that still apply even after enrollment under this chapter?", "Does this rule apply to small employer health plans and health reimbursement arrangements?", "What is the deadline for a former Medicaid recipient to request enrollment after losing eligibility?" ], "issue_tags": [ "enrollment", "medicaid", "child-health-plan", "group-health", "insurance", "termination" ], "synonyms": [ "Medicaid enrollment provision", "State child health plan enrollment rule", "Texas group health enrollment for Medicaid recipients", "Insurance enrollment for Medicaid and child health plan participants" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1208", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1208. IDENTITY OF AVAILABLE EMPLOYEE OF HEALTH BENEFIT PLAN ISSUER", "url": "/statutes/IN/1208.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1208.json", "summary": "This chapter requires health benefit plan issuers to give enrollees the name, mailing address, location, and job title of a staff member who can answer questions about coverage and benefits when the enrollee asks. It applies to a wide range of health plans, including insurance policies, HMOs, group hospital contracts, and certain nonprofit or fraternal organizations.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I get the name of a person at my health insurance company who can answer my benefit questions?", "What address and job title must my health plan provide for the employee who handles my coverage inquiries?", "Do I need to make a written request to receive this contact information, or is an oral request enough?", "Which types of health plans are required to disclose an employee contact under this rule?", "Can a health maintenance organization be required to give me the name and address of a staff member who can help me?", "What details must the insurer give me about the employee who is available to respond to my questions?", "Is the insurer obligated to provide the municipality and state where the employee’s business location is?", "Does this requirement apply to group hospital service contracts as well as insurance policies?", "What organizations count as a health benefit plan issuer for the purpose of this disclosure?", "If I ask for a contact person, must the plan give me the employee’s mailing address?", "Can I request this information orally, or does it have to be in writing?", "Are nonprofit health corporations also required to disclose an employee’s name and job title?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-insurance", "plan-issuer-disclosure", "employee-contact", "coverage-questions", "benefit-plan", "consumer-rights" ], "synonyms": [ "issuer employee disclosure", "health plan contact information requirement", "available employee identity rule", "benefit plan staff contact rule", "health benefit plan issuer employee identification" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1210", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1210. NOTICE OF CERTAIN POLICY PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1210.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1210.json", "summary": "This chapter requires that any health or accident insurance policy that could raise the premium at renewal or be cancelled because the insured reaches a certain age must include a clear notice on the first page. The notice must be printed in 10‑point type and must state that the policy is subject to those age‑related conditions. The rule applies to all such policies delivered in Texas.", "questions_answered": [ "Does my health insurance policy have to tell me if the premium will increase when I renew?", "What notice must be on my insurance contract if it could be cancelled because I reach a certain age?", "Do I need to see a warning on the first page of my policy about age‑related premium changes?", "Can an insurer sell me a health policy without mentioning possible nonrenewal due to age?", "What size font must be used for the age‑related notice in a Texas health insurance policy?", "Are accident insurance policies also required to include an age‑based premium notice?", "When does the requirement for the age notice become effective in Texas?", "Will my policy be valid in Texas if the age‑related notice is missing or too small?", "Do I have to sign anything to acknowledge the age‑related premium notice?", "Is the age‑related notice required for policies that only cover sickness, not accidents?" ], "issue_tags": [ "notice-requirements", "age-based-premium", "health-insurance", "policy-disclosure", "renewal-conditions", "texas-insurance" ], "synonyms": [ "age-based premium notice", "renewal notice requirement", "policy age disclosure", "insurance premium increase notice", "nonrenewal age notice", "Texas insurance notice rule" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1211", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1211. WAIVERS REGARDING CERTAIN FEDERAL HEALTH PLANS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1211.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1211.json", "summary": "This chapter gives Texas insurance officials the power to temporarily set aside certain federal health‑plan rules when those rules would hurt the state’s finances. The waiver can be applied to specific sections of the law that affect how benefits are provided under federal health programs. The decision is made by the insurance commissioner after consulting the health commissioner, and it only applies when a negative fiscal impact is identified.", "questions_answered": [ "Can Texas waive specific federal health‑plan requirements if they cost the state money?", "Who decides whether a federal health‑plan provision should be waived in Texas?", "What types of federal health plans can be affected by a state waiver?", "When does the insurance commissioner need to consult the health commissioner?", "What triggers a waiver of a federal health‑plan provision under Texas law?", "Does the waiver apply to all federal health programs or only certain ones?", "How does Texas determine a negative fiscal impact from a federal health provision?", "Can the waiver be used for Medicare or Medicaid related rules?", "What happens to benefits and services when a waiver is issued?", "Is there a formal rulemaking process for issuing a waiver?", "Can a waiver be reversed if the fiscal impact changes?", "Where can I find the list of provisions that may be waived?" ], "issue_tags": [ "federal-health-plan-waivers", "state-fiscal-impact", "insurance-commissioner-authority", "health-coverage-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "Waiver of Federal Health Plan Provisions", "Texas State Waiver Authority for Federal Health Plans", "Insurance Commissioner Waiver Rules", "Federal Health Plan Waiver Chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1213", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1213. ELECTRONIC HEALTH CARE TRANSACTIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1213.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1213.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for health insurance plans in Texas about electronic claim filing. It defines which plans are covered, lets insurers require electronic submissions, but also provides a waiver process for providers who can’t meet the requirement. It stops insurers from charging fees for claim processing and gives the commissioner authority to write detailed rules.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my health insurance plan force me to submit claims electronically?", "What types of health plans are covered by these electronic claim rules?", "What if my practice cannot submit claims electronically?", "How do I request a waiver from the electronic claim requirement?", "Can an insurer charge me a fee for processing my claim?", "Who decides the technical standards for electronic claim submissions?", "Can a health plan limit which electronic method I use to send claims?", "What happens if the electronic system crashes or there’s a disaster?", "Can a health plan refuse to contract with me because I asked for a waiver?", "Are there any circumstances where a small provider is exempt from electronic filing?" ], "issue_tags": [ "electronic-claims", "health-benefit-plan", "claim-waiver", "insurer-fees", "commissioner-rules", "health-care-transactions" ], "synonyms": [ "Electronic Health Care Transactions", "Electronic Claim Submission Rules", "Health Benefit Plan Electronic Requirements", "Texas Insurance Code Chapter 1213", "Electronic Claims Waiver Provision" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1214", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1214. ADVERTISING FOR CERTAIN HEALTH BENEFITS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1214.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1214.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for how health benefit plans can advertise, including which types of plans are covered and which are excluded. It requires clear disclosures when rate information is shown, such as indicating that rates are illustrative and noting any exclusions. Advertisements must also state the age, gender, and location the rate is based on.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a health insurance ad show a price without listing every benefit limitation?", "What kinds of health plans are subject to advertising rules?", "Are plans that only cover a specific disease exempt from these advertising requirements?", "Do long‑term care policies have to follow the same advertising rules as health plans?", "What disclaimer language must appear in a health plan advertisement that includes rates?", "Do ads need to tell me the age, gender, and location the quoted rate applies to?", "Can I send money to a health plan just because I saw a rate in an advertisement?", "When does a health plan advertisement become allowed to use illustrative rates?", "What information must be included if an ad states a specific rate for a health plan?", "Are group hospital service contracts required to follow these advertising rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "advertising", "health-insurance", "rate-disclosures", "plan-coverage", "exceptions" ], "synonyms": [ "Health benefit plan advertising regulations", "Insurance marketing disclosure rules", "Health insurance advertising requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1215", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1215. REPORTING OF CLAIMS INFORMATION", "url": "/statutes/IN/1215.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1215.json", "summary": "This chapter tells health insurance companies how and when they must give plan sponsors, administrators, or government entities detailed information about claims. It lists the data that must be included, the ways it can be delivered, the privacy safeguards for protected health information, and the penalties for not complying.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I request a claim report from my health insurer?", "What types of claim information can I receive from the insurer?", "How quickly must the insurer provide the requested report?", "Can I get protected health information in the claim report?", "What certification do I need to provide to receive protected health information?", "How often can I request claim reports from the same insurer?", "What are the penalties if the insurer does not comply with the request?", "Does this reporting requirement apply to government agencies that contract with insurers?", "When is the deadline to request claim information after a group health plan ends?", "Can I ask for additional details about a specific individual's claim?", "In what formats can the insurer deliver the claim report?" ], "issue_tags": [ "claim-reporting", "health-insurance", "privacy-protection", "plan-administration", "governmental-entity", "compliance-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "claims information reporting", "health insurer claim data request", "group health plan claim reporting", "reporting of claims information", "insurance claim data disclosure" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1216", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1216. OUT-OF-COUNTRY COVERAGE PROHIBITED", "url": "/statutes/IN/1216.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1216.json", "summary": "Texas law says health insurance plans sold in the state cannot require members to travel to another country for any medical service. The rule applies to most individual and group health plans, but it excludes certain types of coverage like disease‑specific plans, dental or vision policies, and some government‑related insurance. The statute also defines what counts as a foreign country and lists the few insurance products that are not subject to the prohibition.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my health insurance force me to go abroad for treatment?", "Does Texas law stop health plans from requiring overseas care?", "What kinds of insurance are exempt from the out‑of‑country rule?", "Are Medicare supplemental policies covered by this prohibition?", "Do dental or vision plans have to follow the same rule?", "Is a workers' compensation policy affected by this law?", "How does the law define a foreign country?", "Does the rule apply to health plans offered by my employer?", "Can a health maintenance organization sell a plan that mandates overseas care?", "What does “out‑of‑country care prohibited” mean for my health plan?", "Are long‑term care or nursing home policies subject to this restriction?", "How does ERISA influence whether the rule applies to a plan?" ], "issue_tags": [ "out-of-country-coverage", "health-insurance", "texas-insurance-law", "plan-exemptions", "foreign-country-definition", "health-benefit-plan" ], "synonyms": [ "out-of-country coverage prohibition", "foreign care restriction", "texas health plan overseas requirement ban", "out-of-country care rule", "health benefit plan foreign travel restriction" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1217", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1217. STANDARD REQUEST FORM FOR PRIOR AUTHORIZATION OF HEALTH CARE SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/IN/1217.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1217.json", "summary": "This chapter requires health insurers and similar plan issuers to use one state‑approved form when doctors request prior authorization for medical services. It defines which plans must follow the rule, sets deadlines for electronic and paper submissions, and creates an advisory committee to help design the form. The law also outlines how insurers must acknowledge receipt and what penalties may apply for non‑compliance.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the standard form that must be used for prior authorization of health care services?", "Which types of health benefit plans are required to use the standard prior‑authorization form?", "Do dental, vision, or other specialty plans have to follow this prior‑authorization rule?", "Are Medicare supplemental policies subject to the standard prior‑authorization form requirement?", "How must insurers handle electronic prior‑authorization requests versus paper requests?", "What timelines do insurers have to acknowledge receipt of a prior‑authorization form?", "What penalties exist if an insurer fails to use or accept the standard form?", "Who helps decide the design and requirements of the standard prior‑authorization form?", "Does a school district’s group health coverage need to use the standard form?", "What health care services are covered by the prior‑authorization form requirement?", "When does the requirement for electronic exchange of prior‑authorization requests become mandatory?" ], "issue_tags": [ "prior-authorization", "health-benefit-plans", "standard-form", "insurance-regulation", "electronic-authorizations", "advisory-committee" ], "synonyms": [ "uniform prior authorization form", "standard prior authorization request", "Texas health plan prior approval form", "single prior‑auth form" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1218", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1218. COVERAGE FOR ELECTIVE ABORTION; PROHIBITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1218.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1218.json", "summary": "This chapter tells health insurance plans how they can offer coverage for elective abortions. It requires that such coverage be optional, sold separately with its own premium, and signed for on a separate form. The premium must be calculated to cover the actual cost and cannot be used to lower other insurance costs. Insurers also must give clear notices that the abortion coverage is optional and extra.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my health insurance plan cover an elective abortion?", "Do I have to pay an extra premium for abortion coverage?", "Do I need to sign a separate form to get abortion coverage?", "Will my overall insurance premium be reduced if I choose abortion coverage?", "What notice must my insurer give me about optional abortion coverage?", "Does this rule apply to my employer’s group health plan?", "Are abortions performed for medical emergencies covered under these rules?", "Can a health plan bundle abortion coverage with other benefits?", "Which types of insurers must follow these requirements?", "Do school district health plans have to follow this chapter?", "Can a health plan give a discount on other coverage because I have abortion coverage?", "How is the premium for elective abortion coverage calculated?" ], "issue_tags": [ "elective-abortion-coverage", "health-insurance-regulation", "optional-benefits", "premium-calculation", "insurance-notice", "employer-health-plans" ], "synonyms": [ "elective abortion insurance rules", "abortion coverage requirements", "optional abortion benefit", "health plan abortion provision", "Texas abortion insurance chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1221", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1221. EMPLOYER CONTRIBUTIONS TO INDIVIDUAL HEALTH INSURANCE POLICIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/1221.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1221.json", "summary": "This chapter lets the state insurance commissioner set rules that allow employers to help pay for an employee’s or retiree’s individual health insurance plan. The goal is to structure those contributions so they don’t create unwanted tax problems for the employer, and may even give tax benefits. The rules can only be made if they don’t conflict with other state or federal laws.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my employer pay part of my individual health insurance premium?", "What rules let an employer contribute to my personal health plan without causing tax trouble?", "Does my employer get any tax benefit for helping pay my health insurance?", "Are there state rules that let a company give money toward my consumer‑directed health policy?", "What does the insurance commissioner need to do before an employer can make these contributions?", "Can an employer’s contribution to my health insurance be treated as a tax‑free benefit?", "Will my employer’s payment for my health insurance affect my taxable income?", "Are there any restrictions on how an employer can help pay for my individual health coverage?", "Do these rules apply to retirees as well as current employees?", "What happens if a contribution violates federal law?" ], "issue_tags": [ "employer-contributions", "individual-health-insurance", "tax-implications", "health-benefits", "employer-payments" ], "synonyms": [ "employer contributions to individual health policies", "employer‑paid individual health insurance", "employer premium assistance", "employer contributions to consumer‑directed health plans", "employer health benefit contributions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1222", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1222. PREAUTHORIZATION FOR MEDICAL OR HEALTH CARE SERVICE", "url": "/statutes/IN/1222.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1222.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out Texas rules for preauthorization of medical and health care services. It tells which health benefit plans must follow the rules, requires insurers to let doctors request a renewal at least 60 days before a preauthorization ends, and obligates insurers to review and decide on those renewal requests promptly. The goal is to make sure needed care isn’t delayed by paperwork.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a preauthorization before I have a surgery or other medical procedure?", "How far in advance can my doctor ask to renew a preauthorization?", "Which types of health insurance plans are required to follow these preauthorization rules?", "What does the term 'preauthorization' mean under Texas law?", "Can my insurer refuse to renew a preauthorization if I ask early?", "Does Medicaid have to follow the same preauthorization renewal process?", "Who counts as a health benefit plan issuer under this chapter?", "What steps must an insurer take when it receives a renewal request before the current authorization expires?", "Is there a deadline for the insurer to make a decision on a renewal request?", "Are small employer or self‑funded health plans subject to these preauthorization requirements?" ], "issue_tags": [ "preauthorization", "health-benefit-plans", "insurance-regulation", "medical-services", "texas-health-law" ], "synonyms": [ "preapproval rules", "medical preauthorization requirements", "health plan preauthorization", "preauthorization renewal process", "Texas health insurance preauthorization law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1223", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1223. VERIFICATION OF HEALTH BENEFITS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1223.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1223.json", "summary": "This chapter requires health benefit plan issuers to keep a secure, always‑available website where emergency doctors can instantly see if a patient is covered and what deductible, copayment, or coinsurance the patient owes. It applies to most private health plans—including individual, group, HMO, and self‑funded plans—but does not cover the state Medicaid program. The law allows the information to be posted on the issuer’s own site or on a third‑party portal.", "questions_answered": [ "How can an emergency doctor quickly check if a patient is covered by a health plan?", "What must a health insurance company put on its website for emergency physicians?", "Do health plans have to show a patient’s deductible, copayment, or coinsurance online?", "Does this verification requirement apply to Medicaid or other government programs?", "Which types of health plans are required to provide an online verification system?", "Can a health insurer use a third‑party website to provide the coverage information?", "When does the online verification portal need to be available?", "Are small employer health plans included in this requirement?", "Do self‑funded health plans sponsored by professional employer organizations have to comply?", "What information is prohibited from being omitted from the online verification system?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-benefit-verification", "insurance-website", "emergency-care", "coverage-disclosure", "plan-applicability" ], "synonyms": [ "verification of health benefits", "health benefit verification", "online coverage verification", "health plan coverage check", "emergency physician verification portal" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1251", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1251. GROUP AND BLANKET HEALTH INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/1251.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1251.json", "summary": "Chapter 1251 sets the rules for group and blanket health insurance in Texas. It defines who can buy these policies, what the policies must contain, how benefits are paid, and the rights to continue or convert coverage when employment ends. The chapter also covers required notices, dependent coverage, and limits on insurer payments.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my employer require me to use a specific hospital or doctor under our group health plan?", "What benefits must a group health insurance policy pay and to whom?", "How do I continue my health coverage after I leave a job or retire?", "Can I convert my group health coverage to an individual policy when my group plan ends?", "What types of organizations can get blanket accident and health insurance?", "Are there limits on payments insurers can make to individuals under a group policy?", "What notice must my employer give about coverage options and continuation rights?", "Does my group health plan have to cover adopted children or grandchildren?", "What are the deadlines for filing a claim and receiving benefits?", "How are pre‑existing condition exclusions handled in group health policies?" ], "issue_tags": [ "group-health-insurance", "blanket-insurance", "continuation-coverage", "conversion-rights", "dependent-coverage", "policy-provisions", "claim-process", "insurer-payments" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Group Health Insurance Regulations", "Chapter 1251 Group and Blanket Health Insurance", "Texas Insurance Code Chapter 1251", "Group Accident and Health Insurance Rules", "Blanket Accident and Health Insurance Rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1252", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1252. DISCONTINUATION AND REPLACEMENT OF GROUP AND GROUP-TYPE HEALTH BENEFIT PLAN COVERAGE", "url": "/statutes/IN/1252.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1252.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rules for ending a group health insurance plan and switching to a new one. It requires employers or unions to give notice, mandates extensions of benefits for totally disabled members, and outlines how pre‑existing condition limits, waiting periods, and liability of the old insurer are handled when coverage is replaced.", "questions_answered": [ "What notice does my employer have to give if our group health plan is being discontinued?", "Will my health benefits continue if I become totally disabled when the plan ends?", "How long must a new plan extend benefits for a total disability after a plan is replaced?", "Does the old insurer have to pay any claims after the plan is discontinued?", "What happens to coverage for pre‑existing conditions when my health plan is replaced?", "Will I have to wait again for coverage if my new plan is similar to the old one?", "Who is responsible for providing a statement of benefits from the previous plan?", "Are there any exceptions for plans that were issued before 1982?", "What liability does the previous carrier have if the new carrier takes over the plan?", "Can my group health coverage be automatically discontinued for missed premium payments?" ], "issue_tags": [ "group-health", "plan-discontinuation", "benefit-extension", "preexisting-conditions", "liability", "coverage-replacement" ], "synonyms": [ "group health plan termination rules", "health benefit plan replacement statutes", "coverage discontinuation and replacement provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1253", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1253. CANCELLATION OF GROUP COVERAGE IN CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES", "url": "/statutes/IN/1253.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1253.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for changing group health contracts, making sure that members who are already receiving treatment aren’t dropped when the contract is renegotiated. It also requires that group accident and health insurance keep covering employees during a labor dispute, as long as premiums and contributions are paid on time. The law outlines how contributions are calculated, limits premium increases, and caps how long coverage must continue during a work stoppage.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my employer change a group health plan and end coverage for someone who is already getting treatment?", "What must happen to my group health insurance if there is a strike or other labor dispute?", "Do I need to keep paying my share of the premium during a work stoppage to keep my coverage active?", "Can the insurer raise my individual premium rate during a labor dispute, and by how much?", "How long is the insurer required to continue coverage for employees during a work stoppage?", "How are employee contributions calculated if the policyholder is a trustee of an employer‑run fund?", "What happens to coverage if the employer stops paying its portion of the premium during a strike?", "Are there any limits on changing deductibles or coinsurance when a health contract is renegotiated?", "Can a policy include special provisions for continuation of coverage, and does the commissioner need to approve them?", "What happens to past‑due premiums that existed before a work stoppage begins?" ], "issue_tags": [ "group-health-renegotiation", "labor-dispute-coverage", "premium-contributions", "coverage-continuation", "premium-rate-increases", "coverage-duration-limits" ], "synonyms": [ "group health contract renegotiation rules", "strike insurance continuation rules", "continuation of coverage during labor disputes", "group accident and health policy labor dispute provisions", "employee health benefit contract changes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1254", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1254. NOTICE OF RATE INCREASE FOR GROUP HEALTH AND ACCIDENT COVERAGE", "url": "/statutes/IN/1254.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1254.json", "summary": "This chapter requires insurers and health maintenance organizations to give written notice at least 60 days before a premium increase on any group health, accident, or life insurance policy. The notice must state the amount of the increase and the effective date, and it cannot force the policyholder to act until at least 45 days after the notice is sent. The rules also apply to policies issued to multiple‑employer trusts and are based on the coverage in effect when the notice is given.", "questions_answered": [ "How much advance notice must an insurer give before raising group health insurance premiums?", "What details must be included in a notice of a premium increase for a group policy?", "Do health maintenance organizations have to follow the same notice rules as insurers?", "Can my employer negotiate a rate change after the insurer has sent the required notice?", "Am I allowed to be asked to renew or change my group policy before 45 days after receiving a rate increase notice?", "Who is considered an 'insurer' under this notice requirement?", "Does this notice rule apply to group policies that cover multiple employers or trusts?", "What happens if a trustee receives the notice for a multiple‑employer trust?", "Can an insurer raise rates without providing any written notice?", "Is the notice based on the current coverage or on future changes?" ], "issue_tags": [ "rate-notice", "group-health-insurance", "premium-increase", "notice-requirements", "health-maintenance-organization", "multiple-employer-trust" ], "synonyms": [ "notice of premium increase", "group health rate increase notice", "insurance rate increase notification", "premium hike notice", "group policy rate change notice", "health insurance rate notice", "accident coverage rate increase notice" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1255", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1255. GROUP FAMILY LEAVE INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/1255.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1255.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for group family leave insurance, which helps employees replace part of their income when they take time off to care for a family member, bond with a new child, or deal with military-related emergencies. It defines who counts as a dependent, what qualifies as family leave, and requires insurers to meet minimum benefit standards, disclose coverage details, and follow specific waiting periods and benefit calculations.", "questions_answered": [ "What is group family leave insurance and how does it work?", "Who is considered a dependent or family member under this insurance?", "What reasons for taking leave are covered by the policy?", "How long must the benefit period be for each type of family leave?", "Is there a waiting period before I can receive benefits?", "How are the benefit amounts calculated and what wages are used?", "What limitations, exclusions, or reductions can the policy include?", "What information must be on the certificate of insurance?", "Does this insurance count as disability income for tax or regulatory purposes?", "Which types of insurance policies are excluded from these rules?", "Can I receive other benefits, like workers' compensation or unemployment, while using family leave insurance?", "What rules does the Texas insurance commissioner have to follow for this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "group-family-leave", "insurance-standards", "dependent-definition", "benefit-period", "waiting-period", "coverage-exclusions", "disability-income" ], "synonyms": [ "family leave insurance", "paid family leave coverage", "group family leave policy", "employee family leave benefit", "Texas group family leave insurance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1271", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1271. BENEFITS PROVIDED BY HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS; EVIDENCE OF COVERAGE; CHARGES", "url": "/statutes/IN/1271.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1271.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for health maintenance organizations (HMOs) in Texas about what information they must give members, what benefits they must provide, and how they handle charges, non‑network services, emergency care, and continuation or conversion of coverage. It also limits what can be written in HMO contracts, requires clear appeals processes, and governs renewal and renewal limits.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I get a proof of coverage from my HMO and what must it include?", "What benefits are my dependent children and grandchildren entitled to under my HMO plan?", "Can I receive emergency care from out‑of‑network doctors and will my HMO pay for it?", "What rules apply if I need a non‑network specialist, diagnostic lab, or imaging service?", "What notice will I receive about balance billing and what does it have to contain?", "How does my HMO handle complaints, appeals, and independent review of denied services?", "What are the requirements for continuing group coverage if my employer’s plan ends?", "Can I convert my group coverage to an individual plan and what are the limits on the premium?", "Am I allowed to choose a specialist to act as my primary care physician and how do I apply?", "What restrictions exist on what my HMO can put in its contract or evidence of coverage?" ], "issue_tags": [ "evidence-of-coverage", "non-network-benefits", "emergency-care", "continuation-coverage", "conversion-contracts", "renewal", "dependent-benefits", "balance-billing" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas HMO regulations", "health maintenance organization benefit rules", "HMO evidence of coverage requirements", "HMO contract disclosure standards", "HMO non‑network service rules", "HMO continuation and conversion provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1272", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1272. DELEGATION OF CERTAIN FUNCTIONS BY HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION", "url": "/statutes/IN/1272.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1272.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rules that health maintenance organizations (HMOs) must follow when they hand over certain functions to other companies, called delegated entities or networks. It requires a written delegation agreement, ongoing monitoring, reporting, reserve funding, and outlines how complaints, out‑of‑network referrals, and continuity of care are handled. The chapter also gives the commissioner authority to enforce compliance and impose penalties.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a delegated entity or delegated network in a health plan?", "When does an HMO have to create a written delegation agreement?", "What information must a delegated entity report to the HMO and the state?", "How are financial reserves for delegated networks calculated and held?", "What steps must be taken if a delegated entity does not follow the agreement?", "Can an HMO end a delegation agreement without cause, and what notice is required?", "How are enrollee complaints about a limited provider network or delegated entity handled?", "What are the rules for out‑of‑network referrals when services aren’t available in the network?", "What obligations does a network have to ensure continuity of care when a physician leaves?", "What penalties can the commissioner impose on HMOs or delegated entities for non‑compliance?" ], "issue_tags": [ "delegation-agreements", "reserve-requirements", "compliance-monitoring", "enrollee-complaints", "out-of-network-access", "continuity-of-care", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "delegated entity rules", "HMOs delegation provisions", "managed care delegation statutes", "limited provider network requirements", "delegated network regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1273", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1273. POINT-OF-SERVICE PLANS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1273.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1273.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for point‑of‑service (POS) health plans, which let members choose between using an HMO network or going outside the network under an indemnity arrangement. It requires employers that only offer HMO‑based coverage to also provide a non‑network option, and it allows blended contracts that combine HMO and indemnity benefits. The law also outlines how premiums and cost‑sharing can differ for out‑of‑network services and lists exceptions for small employers and certain nonprofit HMOs.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a point‑of‑service (POS) health plan?", "Can my employer require me to stay only in the HMO network?", "Do I have to pay higher cost‑sharing if I use out‑of‑network doctors?", "What is a blended contract and how does it work?", "Does my small employer need to offer a non‑network health plan?", "How are premiums set for POS or non‑network options?", "Can I choose a non‑network plan instead of the HMO plan offered by my employer?", "What cost‑sharing rules apply to limited provider networks?", "Are there any exemptions for nonprofit or state‑certified HMOs?", "What administrative fees can my employer charge for a non‑network plan?" ], "issue_tags": [ "point-of-service", "blended-contracts", "non-network-options", "cost-sharing", "employer-offer", "health-insurance" ], "synonyms": [ "POS plan", "point‑of‑service insurance", "blended health contract", "non‑network health plan", "mixed indemnity and HMO plan" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1274", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1274. ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF ELIGIBILITY AND PAYMENT STATUS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1274.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1274.json", "summary": "This chapter tells health insurance issuers that they must give doctors and other approved providers electronic access to a patient’s coverage details, like eligibility, benefits, copays, and deductible status, at the time of care. It defines who counts as an enrollee, provider, and issuer, and bans any fees for accessing this information. The rules apply to most health benefit plans but not to single‑service dental or vision plans, and the state can waive parts of the rule for certain federal programs.", "questions_answered": [ "How can a doctor find out if a patient’s health insurance covers a specific service?", "What information must an insurance company share electronically with a provider before a patient’s visit?", "Can an insurer charge a provider or patient for accessing eligibility or payment status information?", "Who is considered a participating provider that can receive this electronic data?", "Does this law apply to dental‑only or vision‑only health plans?", "What financial details (like copays or deductible amounts) must be provided to the provider?", "Are there any exceptions or waivers for Medicare or other federal health programs?", "What personal data can be shared, and who is allowed to receive it?", "What definitions does the law use for terms like enrollee, health benefit plan, and health care provider?", "Who creates the rules that implement this electronic transmission requirement?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-insurance", "electronic-transmission", "eligibility-verification", "provider-access", "insurance-regulation", "data-sharing" ], "synonyms": [ "Electronic eligibility and payment status transmission", "Health benefit plan electronic info rules", "Provider eligibility lookup requirements", "Electronic verification of insurance coverage", "Insurance electronic data sharing" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1275", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1275. BALANCE BILLING PROHIBITIONS AND OUT-OF-NETWORK CLAIM DISPUTE RESOLUTION FOR CERTAIN PLANS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1275.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1275.json", "summary": "This chapter stops health plans from letting out‑of‑network doctors charge patients more than their copay, coinsurance or deductible for emergency care, facility‑based services, imaging, lab work, and emergency medical transport. It requires the plan to give clear notices about billing limits and to pay providers within set time frames, and it links disputes to the state’s mediation and arbitration process. The rules apply to certain nonprofit, self‑insured, and school health plans that have chosen to follow this chapter.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an out‑of‑network doctor bill me more than my copay for an emergency visit?", "What notice must my health plan give me when I use an out‑of‑network provider?", "How long does my plan have to pay an out‑of‑network provider for emergency care?", "Are there limits on what a lab or imaging center can charge me if they are out‑of‑network?", "What happens if I get services from an out‑of‑network hospital‑based doctor?", "Can my plan require me to pay extra for out‑of‑network emergency medical transport?", "What dispute‑resolution options are available if I disagree with an out‑of‑network bill?", "Do I have to sign a written agreement before receiving non‑emergency out‑of‑network services?", "Which types of health plans are required to follow these balance‑billing rules?", "What are the deadlines for my plan to submit electronic or paper claims for out‑of‑network services?" ], "issue_tags": [ "balance-billing", "out-of-network", "claim-dispute", "emergency-care", "provider-payment", "notice-requirements", "health-plan" ], "synonyms": [ "balance billing prohibition", "out-of-network billing rules", "Texas health plan out-of-network restrictions", "out-of-network claim dispute resolution", "health benefit plan balance billing ban" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1301", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1301. PREFERRED PROVIDER BENEFIT PLANS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1301.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1301.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for health insurance plans that use preferred provider networks, defining how insurers must handle in‑network and out‑of‑network services, cost‑sharing, and emergency care. It requires insurers to maintain adequate provider networks, be transparent about provider lists and costs, and prohibits unfair incentives or discrimination. The law also establishes standards for claim processing, provider contracts, and continuity of care. Penalties apply if insurers fail to meet these requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a preferred provider benefit plan and how does it differ from an exclusive provider plan?", "Can my insurer force me to use only in‑network doctors and deny coverage for out‑of‑network care?", "What are my rights if my doctor leaves the preferred provider network?", "How much can my insurer charge me for services from out‑of‑network providers?", "What emergency care coverage do I have if I go to a non‑preferred hospital or urgent care center?", "What information must my insurer give me about the network of preferred providers?", "Can insurers give financial incentives to steer me toward certain doctors or facilities?", "What are the timelines for insurers to pay clean claims and what penalties apply for delays?", "What are the network adequacy standards for travel time and appointment wait times?", "How does the pre‑authorization process work and what must insurers disclose about it?", "What protections exist against balance‑billing for out‑of‑network emergency services?", "What recourse do I have if an insurer retaliates against me for filing a complaint?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-insurance", "preferred-provider", "network-adequacy", "claim-payment", "emergency-care", "provider-contracts", "consumer-protection" ], "synonyms": [ "Preferred Provider Benefit Plans", "Preferred Provider Networks", "PPBP", "PPBN", "Preferred Provider Plans", "Network Insurance Plans", "In‑Network/Out‑of‑Network Rules", "Health Insurance Network Regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1305", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1305. WORKERS' COMPENSATION HEALTH CARE NETWORKS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1305.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1305.json", "summary": "This chapter creates and oversees workers' compensation health care networks that deliver medical benefits to injured employees in Texas. It sets the rules for how networks are certified, how they contract with doctors and hospitals, and how they manage quality, utilization review, and complaints. It also tells employers how to notify workers about network requirements and outlines the insurer’s responsibilities for out‑of‑network and emergency care.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a workers' compensation health care network?", "How does an employer join or contract with a workers' compensation health care network?", "What are the steps and requirements to get a health care network certified in Texas?", "Which medical services must a network provide to injured employees?", "How are treating doctors chosen and can I change my treating doctor within the network?", "What happens if I need emergency care from a provider outside the network?", "How do I file a complaint against a workers' compensation health care network and what is the process?", "What quality improvement and reporting duties does a network have?", "Can an employer require employees to use only network providers for non‑emergency care?", "What are the rules for out‑of‑network referrals and pre‑authorization?", "How are disputes over medical fees or adverse determinations resolved?", "What penalties can be imposed on a network that violates the rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-compensation", "health-care-networks", "network-certification", "provider-contracts", "quality-improvement", "utilization-review", "complaint-resolution" ], "synonyms": [ "Workers' Compensation Health Care Network Act", "Texas workers' comp medical network regulations", "WC health network statutes", "Health care provider network law", "Network certification rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1351", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1351. HOME HEALTH SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/IN/1351.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1351.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas group health insurance plans that they must cover home health services, which include skilled nursing, therapy, home health aide care, and medical equipment. A doctor must certify that the patient needs home care instead of a hospital stay, and plans can set limits on visits but must allow at least 60 visits per year. Certain types of coverage, like custodial care or services by family members, can be excluded, and employers can reject the required coverage but then must negotiate alternatives.", "questions_answered": [ "Does my group health insurance have to pay for home health care?", "What kinds of services are considered home health services?", "Do I need a physician’s certification for my home health care to be covered?", "Can my insurance plan limit the number of home health visits I can receive?", "What is the minimum number of home health visits a plan must allow each year?", "Are services provided by a family member or someone living in my home covered?", "Can my plan exclude home health services altogether?", "What types of insurance policies are exempt from these home health requirements?", "Can my employer reject the required home health coverage, and what happens then?", "Can an insurer offer more home health coverage than the minimum required?", "Does this law apply to people who are eligible for Medicare?", "Are short‑term travel insurance policies required to cover home health services?" ], "issue_tags": [ "home-health-coverage", "group-health-plans", "physician-certification", "visit-limits", "coverage-exclusions", "insurance-eligibility" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Home Health Services Act", "Chapter 1351", "Home health insurance requirements", "Home health benefits law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1352", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1352. BRAIN INJURY", "url": "/statutes/IN/1352.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1352.json", "summary": "This chapter tells health insurance plans in Texas that they must cover a wide range of therapies, testing, and post‑acute services for people who have an acquired brain injury. It sets rules so plans can’t limit the number of days for needed care, must give clear notices about these benefits, and must train staff who approve claims. The law also says coverage can be provided in hospitals, assisted‑living facilities, or other approved sites, and it requires quick responses to appeals for additional care.", "questions_answered": [ "Does my health insurance have to cover rehabilitation therapy for a brain injury?", "What specific treatments and testing must be covered for an acquired brain injury?", "Can my plan limit the number of days for post‑acute brain injury care?", "Do I need to be treated in a hospital to get brain injury benefits?", "Can my insurer deny coverage because the provider is an assisted‑living facility?", "What notice must my insurer give me about brain injury benefits each year?", "How quickly must a health plan respond to my request for an extension of brain injury coverage?", "Do small employer health plans have the same brain injury coverage requirements as larger plans?", "What training is required for insurance staff who approve brain injury claims?", "Where can I find consumer information about Texas brain injury coverage requirements?" ], "issue_tags": [ "brain-injury-coverage", "health-benefit-plans", "therapy-coverage", "post-acute-care", "insurance-notices", "utilization-review", "assisted-living-facilities" ], "synonyms": [ "Acquired brain injury coverage requirements", "Texas brain injury insurance mandate", "Health plan brain injury benefits", "Brain injury therapy coverage law", "Texas Insurance Code Chapter 1352" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1353", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1353. IMMUNIZATION OR VACCINATION PROTOCOLS UNDER MANAGED CARE PLANS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1353.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1353.json", "summary": "This chapter stops health insurance plans that use managed care from forcing doctors to write vaccination protocols, limiting vaccine coverage only when a protocol exists, or giving doctors money to issue protocols. It also bars plans from punishing doctors who refuse to create such protocols. The insurance commissioner can write rules to enforce these rules.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my health plan require my doctor to create a vaccine protocol before I get a shot?", "Is my insurer allowed to limit vaccine coverage unless a protocol is issued?", "May a managed care plan give my doctor a bonus for writing vaccination protocols?", "Can a health plan penalize a doctor who refuses to issue a vaccine protocol?", "What protections do doctors have against insurance companies forcing vaccination paperwork?", "Does my insurance plan have to follow state rules about vaccination protocols?", "Who can create rules to implement these vaccine protocol restrictions?", "Are there any circumstances where my insurer can limit immunization benefits without a protocol?", "What actions are prohibited for managed care entities regarding vaccination protocols?", "How does this law affect my ability to get vaccines through my health plan?" ], "issue_tags": [ "immunization-protocols", "managed-care", "physician-rights", "vaccination-benefits", "insurance-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "vaccination protocol restrictions", "immunization protocol rules", "managed care vaccine policy", "health plan vaccine protocol prohibitions", "physician vaccine protocol protections" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1354", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1354. ELIGIBILITY FOR BENEFITS FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE", "url": "/statutes/IN/1354.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1354.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for health insurance plans that cover Alzheimer's disease. It says that any plan offering such coverage must accept a diagnosis from a Texas‑licensed doctor, including the necessary exams and lab work, as sufficient proof to pay benefits. The law applies to both individual and group policies issued in the state.", "questions_answered": [ "Does my health insurance have to cover Alzheimer's disease?", "What proof does my insurer need before it will pay for Alzheimer's treatment?", "Will a diagnosis from a Texas‑licensed doctor satisfy the insurer’s requirements?", "Do I need neurological or psychiatric evaluations to get coverage?", "Are both individual and group health plans subject to these rules?", "Can an insurer require additional tests beyond a doctor's diagnosis?", "What types of insurance documents are covered by this chapter?", "When did these Alzheimer’s coverage requirements become effective?", "Will a diagnosis made out of state be accepted for coverage?", "Can my insurer deny benefits if they don’t get a formal diagnosis?" ], "issue_tags": [ "alzheimer-benefits", "health-insurance", "coverage-eligibility", "diagnosis-requirements", "insurance-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "Alzheimer's disease benefit eligibility", "Alzheimer coverage rules", "Health plan Alzheimer's requirements", "Alzheimer's insurance coverage standards" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1355", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1355. BENEFITS FOR CERTAIN MENTAL DISORDERS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1355.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1355.json", "summary": "This Texas chapter sets rules for group health plans to provide coverage for serious mental illnesses, autism screening and treatment, and certain alternative mental health services. It requires the same benefits, limits, and cost‑sharing for mental health care as for physical health care, and it applies to various types of insurers, small employers, local governments, and tax‑supported institutions. The law also creates a complaint portal and education program to enforce parity and inform enrollees.", "questions_answered": [ "Does my employer’s health insurance have to cover inpatient mental health treatment?", "What mental health conditions are considered “serious mental illness” under Texas law?", "Will my group health plan cover autism screening and therapy for my child?", "Can a small employer choose not to offer mental health coverage to its employees?", "Are alternative treatments like crisis stabilization units or residential programs required to be covered?", "Do health plans have to apply the same deductibles and copays to mental health services as they do to medical services?", "What services are included in the required autism treatment coverage?", "Can a local government health plan limit benefits for mental illness more than for physical illness?", "How are mental health benefits for substance use disorders treated under this law?", "What is the parity complaint portal and how can I use it to report a denied claim?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mental-health-parity", "group-health-benefits", "serious-mental-illness", "autism-coverage", "alternative-treatment", "small-employer", "local-government", "substance-use-disorder" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas mental health parity law", "Chapter 1355", "Serious mental illness coverage requirements", "Autism screening and treatment mandate", "Alternative mental health treatment benefits" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1356", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1356. MAMMOGRAPHY AND OTHER BREAST IMAGING", "url": "/statutes/IN/1356.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1356.json", "summary": "This chapter tells health insurance plans in Texas that they must pay for an annual low‑dose mammogram for women age 35 and older, and that any follow‑up diagnostic imaging must be covered at least as well as the screening. It applies to most types of group and individual health plans, including Medicaid, and requires the same cost‑sharing rules as other radiology services. Plans that only cover a single disease or a limited benefit are exempt.", "questions_answered": [ "Do my health insurance benefits have to include a yearly mammogram?", "At what age does Texas law require insurance to cover breast cancer screening?", "Does my plan have to pay for 3‑D mammography (tomosynthesis) as part of the screening?", "Will diagnostic follow‑up imaging be covered the same way as the screening mammogram?", "Do Medicaid and Medicaid managed‑care plans have to follow these breast imaging rules?", "Are small employer health plans and school district health plans required to cover mammograms?", "What types of breast imaging count as low‑dose mammography under the law?", "Are there any insurance plans that are exempt from these requirements?", "Do health maintenance organizations (HMOs) need to provide the same coverage for breast imaging?", "Will the deductible, coinsurance, and dollar limits for mammograms be the same as for other radiology exams?", "Does a plan that only covers a specific disease have to provide mammogram coverage?", "Can a self‑funded professional employer organization health plan be subject to these rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "breast-imaging", "mammography-coverage", "health-insurance-regulation", "diagnostic-imaging", "women-health", "medicaid" ], "synonyms": [ "Mammography coverage law", "Texas breast imaging insurance requirement", "Low-dose mammography mandate", "Diagnostic breast imaging coverage rule", "Texas Insurance Code Chapter 1356" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1357", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1357. MASTECTOMY", "url": "/statutes/IN/1357.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1357.json", "summary": "This chapter tells health insurance plans that cover mastectomies must also pay for breast reconstruction, symmetry surgery, prosthetic devices, and treatment of complications like lymphedema. It also requires a minimum hospital stay of 48 hours after a mastectomy and 24 hours after a lymph‑node dissection, unless a doctor and patient agree on a shorter stay. Insurers cannot give financial incentives to skip these benefits, cannot limit payments to doctors for this care, and must give enrollees written notice of the coverage. The commissioner can set rules to enforce these requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "Does my health insurance have to pay for breast reconstruction after a mastectomy?", "Will my plan cover surgery on the other breast to make both breasts look symmetrical?", "Are breast prostheses and treatment for complications like lymphedema covered by my insurance?", "What is the minimum hospital stay my insurance must provide after a mastectomy or lymph‑node dissection?", "Can my insurer charge extra deductibles or limit payments for reconstruction procedures?", "Is my insurer allowed to give me a discount if I choose not to have breast reconstruction?", "Are Medicare supplemental policies required to follow these reconstruction coverage rules?", "Which types of health plans are exempt from these mastectomy‑related coverage requirements?", "Will my insurer send me a notice explaining the reconstruction benefits they must provide?", "Can a doctor be penalized or have their reimbursement reduced for providing reconstruction under my plan?", "What can the state commissioner do to enforce these mastectomy coverage rules?", "Do group health plans, HMOs, and other non‑traditional insurers have to comply with these requirements?" ], "issue_tags": [ "breast-reconstruction", "mastectomy-coverage", "health-insurance", "inpatient-stay", "prohibited-insurer-conduct", "coverage-notice" ], "synonyms": [ "mastectomy reconstruction benefits", "breast reconstruction coverage", "post‑mastectomy insurance requirements", "insurance coverage for breast surgery", "hospital stay after mastectomy rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1358", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1358. DIABETES", "url": "/statutes/IN/1358.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1358.json", "summary": "This chapter sets statewide rules for health insurance plans in Texas to provide diabetes care. It requires coverage of equipment, supplies, and self‑management training, limits cost‑sharing especially for insulin, and outlines which plans must follow the rules and which are exempt. The commissioner adopts minimum standards and may create rules to enforce them.", "questions_answered": [ "Does my health insurance have to cover diabetes supplies like test strips and insulin?", "What diabetes equipment must my insurer provide, such as glucose monitors or insulin pumps?", "Can my plan charge a high deductible or copay for diabetes care?", "Is there a limit on how much I can be charged for insulin prescriptions?", "What kind of diabetes self‑management training does my health plan need to offer?", "Are employer‑provided health plans required to include diabetes coverage?", "Do Medicare supplemental policies have to follow these diabetes coverage rules?", "Which types of health plans are exempt from the diabetes coverage requirements?", "Will my insurer cover new or improved diabetes devices if a doctor says they’re necessary?", "Who counts as a qualified enrollee for diabetes coverage under this chapter?", "Does my plan need to include at least one insulin from each therapeutic class in its formulary?", "Can my health plan limit cost‑sharing for insulin to $25 per 30‑day prescription?" ], "issue_tags": [ "diabetes-coverage", "health-insurance", "cost-sharing", "insulin-limits", "medical-equipment", "self-management-training" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Diabetes Insurance Requirements", "Diabetes Benefit Standards", "Diabetes Care Coverage Rules", "Diabetes Health Plan Regulations", "Diabetes Coverage Mandate" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1359", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1359. FORMULAS FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH PHENYLKETONURIA OR OTHER HERITABLE DISEASES", "url": "/statutes/IN/1359.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1359.json", "summary": "This Texas law requires any group health insurance plan—whether from an insurer, a group hospital service corporation, or an HMO—to pay for the special medical formulas used to treat phenylketonuria (PKU) and other inherited diseases. The coverage must be provided in the same way the plan pays for prescription drugs that need a doctor’s order.", "questions_answered": [ "Does my group health insurance have to cover medical formulas for PKU?", "Are formulas for other inherited diseases covered by my health plan?", "Do I need a physician’s order for the formula to be covered?", "Will my HMO provide the same coverage for formulas as it does for prescription drugs?", "Which types of insurance entities must follow this formula‑coverage rule?", "Can a group health plan refuse to pay for a heritable‑disease formula?", "What counts as a heritable disease under this law?", "When did the requirement for formula coverage become effective?", "Is the coverage limited to plans issued in Texas?", "How does formula coverage compare to drug coverage under my plan?" ], "issue_tags": [ "group-health-coverage", "heritable-disease-formulas", "phenylketonuria", "insurance-regulation", "texas-health-law" ], "synonyms": [ "PKU formula coverage", "heritable disease nutrition coverage", "medical formula insurance requirement", "group health plan formula benefits", "Texas Insurance Code Chapter 1359" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1360", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1360. DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT AFFECTING TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT", "url": "/statutes/IN/1360.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1360.json", "summary": "Texas law says that any group health plan that pays for medical or surgical care of other skeletal joints must also cover medically necessary diagnosis and surgery for the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The rule applies to most employer‑provided and HMO plans, but excludes certain types of coverage like Medicare supplements, workers' compensation, and vision‑only plans. Dental services for TMJ are not required unless the patient cannot receive treatment in a regular dental office due to a documented condition.", "questions_answered": [ "Does my employer’s health insurance have to cover TMJ surgery?", "What kinds of health plans are exempt from the TMJ coverage requirement?", "Can a health plan refuse to pay for dental services needed for TMJ treatment?", "Which injuries or conditions trigger the required TMJ coverage?", "Is a Medicare supplemental policy required to cover TMJ diagnosis or surgery?", "Do workers’ compensation policies need to include TMJ treatment?", "Can a health plan require pre‑certification before approving TMJ surgery?", "Are small employer health plans subject to the TMJ coverage rule?", "How does Texas law define the temporomandibular joint?", "Are vision‑only insurance plans required to cover TMJ treatment?", "Can a plan exclude a patient who cannot undergo dental treatment under local anesthesia?", "Do health maintenance organizations have to provide TMJ benefits?" ], "issue_tags": [ "tmj-coverage", "group-health-plans", "dental-exclusions", "insurance-regulation", "medical-surgery-benefits" ], "synonyms": [ "temporomandibular joint coverage requirements", "TMJ diagnosis and treatment rules", "Texas TMJ insurance mandate", "group health plan TMJ benefits", "TMJ treatment coverage law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1361", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1361. DETECTION AND PREVENTION OF OSTEOPOROSIS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1361.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1361.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for group health plans in Texas to cover bone density testing for people at risk of osteoporosis. It defines who qualifies—such as post‑menopausal women not on estrogen, those with certain bone‑related conditions, a history of fractures, or who are on long‑term steroids. The required coverage must include medically accepted measurements to detect low bone mass and assess fracture risk.", "questions_answered": [ "Does my group health insurance have to pay for bone density scans?", "Who counts as a qualified enrollee for osteoporosis coverage?", "Are post‑menopausal women who aren’t on estrogen therapy covered for osteoporosis testing?", "Do people on long‑term steroid (glucocorticoid) therapy get coverage for osteoporosis screening?", "What medical conditions make me eligible for osteoporosis detection under my employer’s health plan?", "Do HMO or group hospital service contracts have to cover osteoporosis testing?", "What specific tests are covered for detecting low bone mass?", "When must a group health plan provide osteoporosis screening services?", "Does a history of bone fractures qualify me for covered osteoporosis testing?", "Are individuals with primary hyperparathyroidism covered for osteoporosis screening?", "What does ‘qualified enrollee’ mean in the context of osteoporosis benefits?", "Do Texas group health plans need to cover osteoporosis testing for people monitoring drug therapy?" ], "issue_tags": [ "osteoporosis-screening", "group-health-benefits", "bone-density-testing", "qualified-enrollee", "preventive-care", "health-insurance-coverage" ], "synonyms": [ "osteoporosis detection and prevention", "osteoporosis screening requirements", "bone density coverage", "osteoporosis benefit mandates", "group health plan osteoporosis provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1362", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1362. CERTAIN TESTS FOR DETECTION OF PROSTATE CANCER", "url": "/statutes/IN/1362.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1362.json", "summary": "This chapter tells health insurance plans that cover medical expenses to pay for an annual prostate cancer screening for eligible men. It sets the age and risk‑factor rules for who gets a physical exam and a PSA test, requires insurers to give written notice of the benefit, and lists the types of plans that are excluded. The commissioner can create rules to enforce these requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "Does my health insurance have to cover a yearly prostate cancer screening?", "At what age does a man become eligible for covered prostate cancer testing?", "If I have a family history of prostate cancer, will my plan pay for the PSA test?", "What specific tests must my insurer provide for prostate cancer detection?", "Are small employer health plans required to offer prostate cancer screening coverage?", "Which types of health plans are exempt from the prostate cancer screening requirement?", "How will my insurer notify me about the prostate cancer screening benefit?", "Do Medicare supplemental policies need to include prostate cancer screening coverage?", "Are workers' compensation policies required to cover prostate cancer tests?", "Can a health plan that only covers accidental injury avoid the screening requirement?" ], "issue_tags": [ "prostate-cancer-screening", "health-insurance-coverage", "preventive-care", "insurance-regulation", "employer-health-plans" ], "synonyms": [ "prostate cancer detection coverage", "annual PSA test mandate", "prostate screening benefit rule", "health plan prostate cancer screening provision", "prostate cancer testing requirement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1363", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1363. CERTAIN TESTS FOR DETECTION OF COLORECTAL CANCER", "url": "/statutes/IN/1363.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1363.json", "summary": "This chapter tells health benefit plans in Texas that they must pay for colorectal cancer screening for members who are 45 or older and at average risk. It lists the specific tests and follow‑up procedures that must be covered, sets limits on cost‑sharing, and requires insurers to give written notice of these benefits. Certain types of plans, like Medicare supplemental policies or dental-only coverage, are exempt, and the commissioner can create rules to enforce the law.", "questions_answered": [ "Does my health insurance have to cover colon cancer screening?", "At what age does a health plan need to start covering colorectal cancer tests?", "What specific colon cancer screening tests are required to be covered?", "Can my plan charge a copayment for a colonoscopy if I stay in the network?", "Are small employer health plans required to provide these screening benefits?", "Do Medicare supplemental policies have to include colorectal cancer screening?", "What written notice must my insurer give me about colon cancer coverage?", "Which types of insurance plans are exempt from this screening requirement?", "If I use an out‑of‑network provider, can my plan impose cost‑sharing?", "Does a health maintenance organization need to cover colon cancer screening?", "Can a long‑term care policy be forced to provide colorectal cancer screening benefits?", "What does the law say about future tests that might be graded A or B by the USPSTF?" ], "issue_tags": [ "colorectal-cancer-screening", "health-benefit-plan-coverage", "preventive-services", "insurance-notice", "plan-exemptions" ], "synonyms": [ "colorectal cancer screening coverage requirement", "colon cancer test mandate", "preventive colorectal screening law", "Texas health plan colon cancer coverage", "colorectal cancer detection benefits" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1364", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1364. COVERAGE PROVISIONS RELATING TO HIV, AIDS, OR HIV-RELATED ILLNESSES", "url": "/statutes/IN/1364.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1364.json", "summary": "This chapter makes it illegal for group health insurance plans in Texas to exclude or deny coverage for HIV, AIDS, or related illnesses. It also bars insurers from canceling a member’s coverage because they have HIV or AIDS, except in cases of fraud. The rules apply to most group health policies, including those offered by local government employers, and the commissioner can adopt implementing regulations.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my employer’s health insurance refuse to cover HIV testing or treatment?", "Is my group health plan allowed to exclude AIDS-related services?", "Can an insurer cancel my coverage after I am diagnosed with HIV?", "Are there any types of group health policies that are exempt from these HIV/AIDS protections?", "Do local government employee health plans have to cover HIV and AIDS?", "What can an insurer do if a member lies about having HIV when applying for coverage?", "Does this law apply to health maintenance organizations (HMOs) that my company uses?", "Can a group accident and health policy deny coverage for HIV-related illnesses?", "What rules can the Texas Insurance Commissioner create under this chapter?", "Are pre‑1995 group health policies subject to the HIV/AIDS coverage requirements?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hiv-aids-coverage", "group-health-insurance", "coverage-exclusion", "insurance-cancellation", "local-government-health-plan" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas HIV/AIDS insurance protection", "group health coverage for HIV", "anti‑discrimination health insurance rules", "coverage provisions for HIV-related illnesses", "insurance law on HIV and AIDS" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1365", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1365. LOSS OR IMPAIRMENT OF SPEECH OR HEARING", "url": "/statutes/IN/1365.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1365.json", "summary": "This chapter tells group health plans that they must offer coverage for loss or impairment of speech and hearing, and that coverage must be at least as favorable as other medical benefits. It lets the plan holder reject that coverage or pick a different benefit level, and sets rules for hearing aid claims, including that a plan can’t deny a claim just because the device costs more than the plan’s usual benefit. The rules apply to many types of health plans but exclude wage‑replacement plans and the state Medicaid program.", "questions_answered": [ "Does my group health insurance have to cover speech loss or hearing loss?", "Can my employer’s health plan refuse to pay for a hearing aid?", "Am I allowed to choose a more expensive hearing aid than the plan’s standard benefit?", "Can I opt out of the required speech or hearing coverage?", "Which types of health plans must include speech and hearing benefits?", "Are Medicaid plans required to follow these speech/hearing coverage rules?", "Do small employer health plans have to cover hearing aids?", "Do the limits (deductibles, coinsurance, etc.) for speech/hearing coverage have to match those for other medical care?", "Can I pick any brand or model of hearing aid under my health plan?", "Are HMO or health maintenance organization plans required to offer speech/hearing coverage?", "What health plans are exempt from these requirements?", "What happens if a plan only covers hospital expenses or wage replacement?" ], "issue_tags": [ "group-health-coverage", "speech-hearing-benefits", "hearing-aid-coverage", "plan-applicability", "coverage-exemptions" ], "synonyms": [ "loss of speech or hearing coverage", "speech and hearing benefit requirements", "hearing aid insurance rules", "group health plan speech/hearing provisions", "speech impairment health coverage" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1366", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1366. BENEFITS RELATED TO FERTILITY AND CHILDBIRTH", "url": "/statutes/IN/1366.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1366.json", "summary": "Chapter 1366 tells group health plans how to handle fertility and childbirth benefits. It requires coverage for in‑vitro fertilization (IVF) when certain medical and marital conditions are met, sets minimum hospital stay lengths after vaginal and C‑section births, mandates timely post‑delivery care (including home options), and obligates coverage for fertility preservation services for patients undergoing cancer treatment. The chapter also lists plans that are exempt, such as certain religiously affiliated insurers, and requires written notice of these benefits to enrollees.", "questions_answered": [ "Does my group health insurance have to cover IVF treatments?", "What medical and marital criteria must be met for IVF coverage under my plan?", "Can my insurer refuse IVF coverage because of religious beliefs?", "How long must I stay in the hospital after a vaginal delivery?", "What is the required minimum stay after a C‑section delivery?", "Am I allowed to leave the hospital early and still get covered post‑delivery care?", "Can I receive post‑delivery care at home instead of in a hospital?", "What fertility preservation services are covered if I need cancer treatment?", "Which types of health plans are exempt from these IVF and childbirth rules?", "Will my employer be able to change my coverage if I request less than the minimum stay?", "Do I need to receive a written notice about these fertility and childbirth benefits?", "Can my health plan penalize a doctor for recommending a longer hospital stay after birth?" ], "issue_tags": [ "fertility-coverage", "childbirth-benefits", "IVF-requirements", "postdelivery-care", "fertility-preservation", "insurance-exemptions" ], "synonyms": [ "IVF coverage rules", "fertility and childbirth benefits", "group health plan maternity benefits", "fertility preservation coverage", "postpartum care requirements", "minimum inpatient stay after birth" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1367", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1367. COVERAGE OF CHILDREN", "url": "/statutes/IN/1367.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1367.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for health insurance plans in Texas to cover children. It requires plans to provide newborn coverage, immunizations, hearing screenings, craniofacial surgery, developmental therapies, hearing aids, cochlear implants, and certain dental anesthesia without limiting them with deductibles or exclusions. The law also tells insurers what they cannot charge extra for these child‑specific services.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my health insurance plan refuse to cover my newborn’s first 60 days of care?", "Am I entitled to have my child’s required immunizations paid for by my insurance?", "Does my plan have to cover the newborn screening test and its kit cost?", "Will my insurance pay for a hearing test for my baby without a deductible?", "Are hearing aids and cochlear implants covered for children under 18?", "What craniofacial reconstructive surgeries must my insurer cover for my child?", "Do developmental therapies like speech or occupational therapy have to be covered for my child?", "Can my plan charge a copayment for a child’s hearing test but not a deductible?", "Is general anesthesia for dental work on kids under 13 required to be covered?", "Does my insurance need to provide coverage for pediatric dental procedures if anesthesia is needed?", "What limits can an insurer place on the number of hearing aids a child can receive?", "Are there any exceptions where my plan would not have to follow these child coverage rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-health-coverage", "newborn-benefits", "immunization-coverage", "hearing-aid-coverage", "developmental-therapy", "craniofacial-surgery", "pediatric-dentistry" ], "synonyms": [ "Children's health benefit requirements", "Texas child insurance coverage statutes", "Minor health coverage mandates", "Child medical benefits law", "Coverage rules for minors" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1368", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1368. AVAILABILITY OF CHEMICAL DEPENDENCY COVERAGE", "url": "/statutes/IN/1368.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1368.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas group health plans that they must cover treatment for alcohol or drug addiction, and that the coverage must be at least as good as coverage for other illnesses. It sets rules for how many treatment programs can be paid for, what standards the treatment centers must meet, and how the coverage can be provided or added to existing plans.", "questions_answered": [ "Does my employer’s group health insurance have to cover drug or alcohol rehab?", "What types of addiction treatment are required to be covered by a Texas health plan?", "Are the deductibles, co‑pays, and limits for addiction treatment the same as for other medical care?", "How many rehab or treatment programs will my insurance pay for over my lifetime?", "Do small employers with fewer than 250 employees need to provide chemical‑dependency coverage?", "Can an individual health policy be required to cover addiction treatment?", "What qualifications must a treatment center have for my insurance to pay for its services?", "Can a health plan add addiction coverage by using an endorsement or rider?", "What does the law mean by a “treatment series” for chemical dependency?", "Are health maintenance organizations required to include addiction coverage in their plans?" ], "issue_tags": [ "chemical-dependency-coverage", "group-health-plans", "addiction-treatment", "coverage-limits", "treatment-standards", "insurance-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "chemical dependency coverage", "addiction treatment coverage", "substance abuse coverage", "group health plan addiction benefits", "Texas Insurance Code Chapter 1368", "chemical dependency benefits" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1369", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1369. BENEFITS RELATED TO PRESCRIPTION DRUGS AND DEVICES AND RELATED SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/IN/1369.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1369.json", "summary": "Chapter 1369 sets out how Texas health benefit plans must handle prescription drug benefits, including required coverage for chronic illnesses, contraceptives, oral anticancer drugs, and clinician‑administered medications. It governs formularies, step‑therapy and prior‑authorization protocols, cost‑sharing limits, drug‑price transparency, pharmacy audits, and contracts with pharmacists. The commissioner may adopt rules to enforce these requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "Does my health insurance have to cover a prescription drug for a chronic or life‑threatening condition?", "Can a health plan require me to try a cheaper drug first before covering the one my doctor prescribed?", "What are the rules for getting prior authorization for a prescription drug?", "How must a health plan disclose its drug formulary and cost‑sharing information to members?", "Are health plans required to cover prescription contraceptives and related outpatient services?", "What protections exist if a pharmacy or pharmacist is audited by my health plan?", "Can a health plan limit my out‑of‑pocket costs for specialty or oral anticancer drugs?", "What are the requirements for synchronizing refills of chronic‑illness medications?", "How are maximum allowable cost lists for drugs determined and disclosed?", "What restrictions apply to contracts and fees between health plans and pharmacies?" ], "issue_tags": [ "prescription-drug-coverage", "step-therapy", "contraceptive-benefits", "formularies", "pharmacy-audits", "cost-transparency", "prior-authorization" ], "synonyms": [ "prescription drug benefits", "drug coverage rules", "health plan pharmacy regulations", "formulary disclosure requirements", "step therapy protocols", "contraceptive coverage mandates", "oral anticancer drug coverage", "pharmacy audit provisions", "prior authorization form standards", "drug price transparency" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1370", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1370. CERTAIN TESTS FOR DETECTION OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS, OVARIAN CANCER, AND CERVICAL CANCER", "url": "/statutes/IN/1370.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1370.json", "summary": "This Texas law tells health insurance plans that cover medical expenses to pay for yearly cancer screening tests for women 18 and older. The required tests include a CA‑125 blood test for ovarian cancer and a Pap smear (with or without HPV testing) for cervical cancer, following professional medical guidelines. Plans must also give members written notice about these benefits, and the law lists which types of plans must follow it and which are exempt.", "questions_answered": [ "Does my health insurance have to cover ovarian cancer screening?", "What cervical cancer tests must my plan pay for each year?", "Are small employer health plans required to provide these screenings?", "Which types of insurance plans are exempt from the screening requirement?", "Will my plan pay for a CA‑125 blood test?", "Do I need to get a Pap smear with HPV testing every year?", "How will my insurer notify me about the required cancer screening coverage?", "Does a Medicare supplemental policy have to include these screenings?", "Are vision or dental only plans required to cover the cancer tests?", "What medical guidelines determine which tests are covered under this law?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-health-insurance", "cancer-screening-coverage", "womens-health", "insurance-exemptions", "mandatory-benefits" ], "synonyms": [ "mandatory ovarian and cervical cancer screening coverage", "required women's cancer screening benefits", "health plan cancer test requirements", "Texas insurance cancer screening law", "coverage for HPV, Pap, CA-125 tests" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1371", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1371. COVERAGE FOR CERTAIN PROSTHETIC DEVICES, ORTHOTIC DEVICES, AND RELATED SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/IN/1371.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1371.json", "summary": "This chapter requires Texas health insurance plans to pay for prosthetic and orthotic devices and the services needed to fit and use them, at the same level as federal Medicare coverage. It limits coverage to the most appropriate device as determined by the patient’s doctors, allows standard copays and deductibles, and does not set annual dollar caps. Plans may require prior authorization and must treat in‑network and out‑of‑network providers similarly for these devices.", "questions_answered": [ "Does my health insurance have to cover a prosthetic leg or arm?", "Will my plan pay for custom orthotic devices like braces or shoe inserts?", "Can my insurer limit the cost or model of a prosthetic or orthotic device?", "Are there any annual dollar limits on prosthetic or orthotic coverage?", "Do I need prior authorization before getting a prosthetic or orthotic device?", "Can a pharmacy provide and bill for orthotic services under my plan?", "Will my plan cover repairs or replacements of my prosthetic or orthotic device?", "How does my plan handle out‑of‑network prosthetic or orthotic providers?", "Which types of health benefit plans are required to follow this rule?", "What happens if I lose or misuse my prosthetic or orthotic device?", "Do copayments and deductibles apply to prosthetic and orthotic coverage?", "Can my doctor and prosthetist/orthotist decide which device is appropriate for me?" ], "issue_tags": [ "prosthetic-coverage", "orthotic-coverage", "health-benefit-plans", "insurance-requirements", "prior-authorization", "network-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "prosthetic and orthotic device coverage law", "Texas insurance prosthetic mandate", "health plan prosthetic benefits", "orthotic device insurance rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1372", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1372. COVERAGE FOR BIOMARKER TESTING", "url": "/statutes/IN/1372.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1372.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas health insurance plans that they must pay for biomarker tests—like gene or protein analyses—when the test is backed by FDA approval, Medicare coverage decisions, recognized clinical guidelines, or expert consensus and shows clear clinical benefit. It defines what counts as biomarker testing, lists the types of plans it applies to, and requires coverage to be provided without causing unnecessary biopsies or delays.", "questions_answered": [ "Does my health insurance have to cover genetic or protein tests?", "Will my plan pay for whole genome sequencing or panel tests used to guide treatment?", "What kinds of tests are considered biomarker testing under Texas law?", "Do Medicare or Medicaid coverage decisions affect whether a biomarker test is covered?", "Which types of insurance plans must follow this biomarker coverage rule?", "What evidence does a test need to have for my insurer to cover it?", "Can my insurer deny a biomarker test if it isn’t FDA‑approved?", "How does the law protect me from having extra biopsies just to get a test covered?", "Are consensus statements from expert panels enough to get coverage?", "Does Medicaid have to pay for biomarker testing under this chapter?", "Are multiplex panel tests covered the same as single‑analyte tests?", "What does ‘clinical utility’ mean for insurance coverage of these tests?" ], "issue_tags": [ "biomarker-testing", "insurance-coverage", "health-plan-regulation", "genetic-testing", "clinical-guidelines", "medicare-coverage", "medicaid" ], "synonyms": [ "genetic test coverage", "molecular diagnostic coverage", "DNA testing insurance requirement", "precision medicine insurance law", "biomarker analysis benefits" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1373", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1373. REQUIRED COVERAGE OF GENDER TRANSITION ADVERSE EFFECTS AND REVERSALS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1373.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1373.json", "summary": "This Texas law says that any health insurance plan that pays for gender‑affirming procedures must also pay for any complications, ongoing monitoring, and any reversal or reconstruction needed. It applies to most private, public, and Medicaid plans in the state, but not to self‑funded ERISA plans. The rule took effect on September 1, 2025.", "questions_answered": [ "Does my health insurance have to cover complications after gender‑affirming surgery?", "Will my plan pay for follow‑up testing and monitoring after a gender transition procedure?", "If I had gender‑affirming surgery before I joined a new insurer, will that insurer cover related side effects?", "Are all types of Texas health insurance required to cover gender transition side effects?", "Do Medicaid and school‑district health plans have to cover gender transition adverse effects?", "What kinds of medical services count as a gender transition under this law?", "Does this law apply to self‑funded employer health plans?", "Will my insurer have to pay for reversal or reconstruction surgery if I change my mind?", "Do group health plans need to cover gender transition complications even if they never covered the original procedure?", "What annual testing is required for someone who has had gender‑affirming treatment?" ], "issue_tags": [ "gender-transition-coverage", "health-insurance", "adverse-effects", "texas-law", "medicaid", "insurance-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "required coverage of gender transition adverse effects", "gender-affirming care coverage law", "Texas insurance gender transition mandate", "coverage of gender transition complications", "health plan obligations for gender‑affirming procedures" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1376", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1376. CERTAIN TESTS FOR EARLY DETECTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE", "url": "/statutes/IN/1376.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1376.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas health insurance plans to pay up to $200 for certain heart‑related screening tests every five years for eligible adults. It applies to most health benefit plans, but not to plans that only cover specific diseases, workers’ compensation, or certain other limited policies. The coverage is limited to men ages 45‑75 and women ages 55‑75 who have diabetes or a moderate‑to‑high risk of heart disease based on a standard risk calculator.", "questions_answered": [ "Does my health insurance have to cover heart disease screening tests?", "Who is eligible for the covered cardiovascular screenings?", "What specific tests are covered for early detection of heart disease?", "How often can I get a coronary calcium scan or carotid ultrasound covered?", "How much will my plan pay for these heart screening tests?", "Are small employer health plans required to provide this coverage?", "Do Medicare supplemental policies have to include these screenings?", "Are workers' compensation or long‑term care policies exempt from this requirement?", "What age range qualifies for the mandatory coverage?", "Do I need to have diabetes or a certain heart‑risk score to get the test covered?" ], "issue_tags": [ "cardiovascular-screening", "health-insurance-coverage", "preventive-care", "eligibility-criteria", "texas-insurance-law" ], "synonyms": [ "early detection of cardiovascular disease", "heart disease screening coverage", "preventive heart test mandate", "Texas health plan screening requirement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1377", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1377. COVERAGE FOR CERTAIN AMINO ACID-BASED ELEMENTAL FORMULAS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1377.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1377.json", "summary": "This chapter requires health insurance plans to cover amino acid‑based elemental formulas when a doctor orders them for certain food‑allergy or gut‑related conditions. The coverage must be at least as favorable as the plan’s drug benefits and includes any related services. It also lists which types of plans are covered, which are excluded, and allows insurers to review the medical necessity of the formula.", "questions_answered": [ "Does my health insurance have to pay for a special amino acid formula for my child's food allergy?", "What medical conditions require coverage of elemental formulas under my health plan?", "Will my insurance cover an elemental formula if my doctor writes a prescription for it?", "Are the rules the same for formulas delivered by tube feeding or other methods?", "Which types of health plans are required to provide this coverage?", "Are Medicare supplemental policies or workers' compensation plans required to cover these formulas?", "Can my insurer deny coverage of an elemental formula after a utilization review?", "Do I get the same co‑pay or prior‑authorization rules for these formulas as for prescription drugs?", "What services related to the formula (like administration) are also covered?", "Is a long‑term care policy required to cover elemental formulas if it functions like a health plan?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-insurance", "elemental-formula-coverage", "medical-necessity", "utilization-review", "food-allergy-treatment", "gastrointestinal-disorders" ], "synonyms": [ "amino acid formula coverage", "elemental nutrition formula insurance requirement", "coverage for specialized nutrition formulas", "medical necessity of amino acid‑based formulas", "health plan coverage for elemental formulas" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1379", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1379. COVERAGE FOR ROUTINE PATIENT CARE COSTS FOR ENROLLEES PARTICIPATING IN CERTAIN CLINICAL TRIALS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1379.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1379.json", "summary": "This chapter requires health insurance plans to pay for routine medical care that a patient receives while taking part in an approved clinical trial for a life‑threatening disease. It spells out which trials qualify, what costs are covered, and that insurers cannot cancel or refuse to renew a policy just because the enrollee is in a trial. Certain types of plans and specific services (like experimental drugs or out‑of‑network care) may be excluded, and usual deductibles, coinsurance, or copays can still apply.", "questions_answered": [ "Will my health insurance cover my doctor visits and other routine care while I'm in a clinical trial?", "What kinds of clinical trials must my insurance pay for?", "Are experimental drugs or devices covered by my health plan?", "Can my insurer cancel or not renew my policy because I’m participating in a trial?", "Does Medicaid have to follow these coverage rules for trial participants?", "What routine care costs are excluded from coverage during a clinical trial?", "Will I still have to pay a deductible, coinsurance, or copayment for care received in a trial?", "Does this rule apply to small employer health plans or basic coverage plans?", "Are out‑of‑network services covered when I’m in a clinical trial?", "Do dental, vision, or long‑term care plans have to cover trial‑related care?", "What approvals does a clinical trial need for my insurance to cover routine care?", "Can a research institution be reimbursed by my health plan for the care it provides?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-insurance", "clinical-trials", "coverage-exclusions", "medicaid", "deductible", "plan-cancellation", "routine-care" ], "synonyms": [ "coverage for clinical trial participants", "insurance benefits for trial patients", "routine care coverage in research studies", "health plan obligations for clinical trials", "clinical trial insurance rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1380", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1380. HUMAN ORGAN TRANSPLANT", "url": "/statutes/IN/1380.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1380.json", "summary": "This Texas law stops health insurance plans from paying for organ transplants or follow‑up care when the surgery is done in, or the organ comes from, countries identified as practicing forced organ harvesting. It defines forced organ harvesting and lists the types of health benefit plans that must follow the rule. The state health commissioner can add more countries to the prohibited list and must notify relevant agencies.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my health insurance cover a transplant that was performed in China?", "Will my plan pay for post‑transplant care if the organ came from a country with forced organ harvesting?", "What does Texas law say about organ transplant coverage from certain foreign countries?", "Which health benefit plans are required to follow this transplant coverage rule?", "How does the state decide which countries are designated for forced organ harvesting?", "Does Medicaid have to deny coverage for organ transplants from prohibited countries?", "What is the legal definition of forced organ harvesting in Texas?", "Can an employer‑provided health plan refuse to cover a transplant because the organ was sourced abroad?", "Will a health maintenance organization be allowed to cover a transplant if the organ originated in a prohibited country?", "Who receives notice when the commissioner adds a new country to the prohibited list?" ], "issue_tags": [ "forced-organ-harvesting", "transplant-coverage", "health-insurance", "prohibited-countries", "medicaid", "health-benefit-plans" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Human Organ Transplant Coverage Restrictions", "Organ Transplant Ban for Forced Harvesting", "TX Chapter 1380", "Forced Organ Harvesting Law", "Transplant Coverage Prohibition" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1425", "title": "Insurance Code Chapter 1425", "url": "/statutes/IN/1425.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1425.json", "summary": "This chapter lists the types of insurance plans that are exempt from the health insurance subtitle rules, such as disease‑specific, dental, vision, disability, credit, workers' compensation, and certain long‑term care policies. It also explains when a qualified health plan can be exempt from required benefits if the state must help pay for those extra benefits, and how that exemption can affect other plans in the same market.", "questions_answered": [ "Does my dental or vision insurance have to follow the same health coverage rules as other health plans?", "Are disease‑specific or limited benefit policies exempt from the health insurance subtitle?", "Is my disability income insurance covered by the health insurance subtitle requirements?", "Do credit insurance or workers' compensation policies need to meet the health coverage standards?", "Will my long‑term care insurance be subject to the health insurance subtitle rules?", "Can a long‑term care policy be forced into the health subtitle if it provides comprehensive health benefits?", "What does it mean when a benefit requires defrayal, and how does that affect my qualified health plan?", "When does the state have to pay for extra benefits that a qualified health plan must offer?", "If a qualified health plan gets a defrayal exemption, does that also exempt other non‑qualified plans in the same market?", "How do I know if my health plan is considered a 'qualified health plan' under federal regulations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-exemptions", "health-benefit-coverage", "defrayal-benefits", "qualified-health-plan", "long-term-care", "dental-vision", "disability-insurance" ], "synonyms": [ "exempted benefits", "benefits requiring defrayal", "health coverage exemption rules", "Texas insurance subtitle exemptions", "qualified health plan defrayal rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1451", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1451. ACCESS TO CERTAIN PRACTITIONERS AND FACILITIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/1451.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1451.json", "summary": "This chapter sets Texas rules for health insurance policies about which health‑care providers a patient can choose and how insurers must pay for those services. It defines many practitioner types, requires non‑discriminatory reimbursement, and outlines special requirements for optometrists, dentists, dietitians, podiatrists, obstetric/gynecologic care, pharmacists, and provider directories. Insurers must disclose provider information online and cannot limit payment based on the type of licensed practitioner providing covered services.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I pick my own dentist or other specialist under my health insurance plan?", "Am I allowed to select an acupuncturist, chiropractor, or advanced practice nurse for services covered by my policy?", "What rules prevent my insurer from paying less for services provided by a nurse practitioner or physician assistant?", "Do health plans have to list doctors and other providers on a public website?", "Can a managed‑care plan exclude optometrists or therapeutic optometrists from its network?", "Are pharmacists eligible for reimbursement for services like medication therapy management?", "What rights do I have to choose an obstetrician or gynecologist without a referral?", "Can a health plan deny disability benefits just because a podiatrist certified the disability?", "What information must a health insurer provide about dental benefit payments and coverage?", "Are there rules that stop a health plan from charging extra fees or discounts to optometrists for covered products?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-insurance", "provider-selection", "non-discriminatory-payment", "provider-directories", "dental-benefits", "optometry", "obstetrics-gynecology", "pharmacist-reimbursement" ], "synonyms": [ "Access to Health Care Practitioners", "Provider Choice Rules", "Health Insurance Practitioner Access", "Texas Insurance Practitioner Access Chapter", "Health Benefit Provider Selection Regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1452", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1452. PHYSICIAN AND PROVIDER CREDENTIALS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1452.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1452.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas health maintenance organizations how to check and keep records on doctors, nurses, physician assistants, podiatrists, and therapeutic optometrists. It sets rules for verifying licenses, conducting site visits, using a standard credential‑verification form, and limits how often re‑credentialing can happen. It also creates a fast‑track process for certain providers to get paid while their full credentialing is completed, and outlines what happens if they later don’t meet the requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "How often can an HMO re‑credential a physician or other provider?", "What license and certification checks must an HMO do before adding a doctor to its network?", "Does an HMO have to do a site visit when initially credentialing a provider?", "Can an HMO conduct a site visit for re‑credentialing a provider?", "What standardized form must be used to verify a provider’s credentials?", "How does the expedited credentialing process work for doctors joining a medical group?", "Can a physician be paid as if they were in‑network while their credentialing is still pending?", "What happens if a provider fails the credentialing requirements after being paid?", "Are patients responsible for extra costs if a provider is later found ineligible?", "What liability does a managed‑care plan have when it pays a provider under expedited credentialing?" ], "issue_tags": [ "physician-credentialing", "hmo-requirements", "expedited-credentialing", "provider-licensing", "site-visit", "standardized-forms", "managed-care-liability" ], "synonyms": [ "Physician credentialing rules", "HMO provider verification statutes", "Texas provider credentialing requirements", "Health maintenance organization credentialing guidelines", "Expedited provider credentialing process", "Provider licensing verification" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1453", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1453. DISCLOSURE OF REIMBURSEMENT GUIDELINES UNDER MANAGED CARE PLAN", "url": "/statutes/IN/1453.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1453.json", "summary": "This chapter requires health plans that use managed care to give out‑of‑network doctors a written explanation of how they calculate payment amounts for services. Providers can request this information, and the plan must share the factors and methods used, except for truly proprietary data that is protected by vendor contracts. If a plan refuses, it must forward the request and the reason for denial to the state department for review. The insurance commissioner will set detailed rules to carry out these requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "How can an out‑of‑network doctor find out how my HMO decides what to pay for services?", "What information must a managed care plan give to a provider who asks for reimbursement guidelines?", "Can a health plan keep its reimbursement formula secret from doctors who aren’t in the network?", "What parts of the reimbursement calculation can a plan refuse to disclose?", "If a health plan says no to my request for payment details, what happens next?", "Do I need to submit a written request to get the reimbursement guidelines from my insurer?", "Are there any rules about what vendor contracts can hide from providers about payment methods?", "Who creates the detailed rules that tell plans how to comply with this disclosure requirement?", "Can a managed care entity share the name of the vendor that provides its payment data?", "What does the state department do if a health plan denies a provider’s request for reimbursement information?" ], "issue_tags": [ "managed-care-disclosure", "reimbursement-guidelines", "out-of-network-providers", "health-insurance", "provider-rights", "insurance-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "Managed Care Reimbursement Disclosure", "Out‑of‑Network Provider Information Rule", "Reimbursement Guidelines Transparency", "Health Plan Payment Method Disclosure" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1454", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1454. EQUAL HEALTH CARE FOR WOMEN", "url": "/statutes/IN/1454.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1454.json", "summary": "This chapter makes sure that health insurance plans in Texas pay doctors and other health care providers the same amount for women's reproductive health and cancer services as they would for the same services provided to men or the general public. It does not require plans to cover abortions, and it gives the state commissioner power to enforce the rule with penalties, cease‑and‑desist orders, and possible court actions.", "questions_answered": [ "Do health insurance plans have to reimburse doctors for women's reproductive health services at the same rate as for men?", "Are insurers required to pay the same amount for oncology services provided to women as they do for men?", "Does this law force health plans to cover abortions or related services?", "Which types of health benefit plans are subject to the equal reimbursement rule?", "What penalties can the state impose if an insurer violates the equal pay requirement?", "Can a person file a complaint if a health plan does not reimburse women’s services equally?", "How long does the commissioner have to decide on a complaint about unequal reimbursement?", "Can a provider or patient intervene in a commissioner's enforcement proceeding?", "What can a court do if the commissioner fails to act on a complaint about this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "equal-pay", "women-health", "health-insurance", "reimbursement", "insurance-penalties", "gender-equity" ], "synonyms": [ "Equal Health Care for Women", "Women's health reimbursement statute", "Texas insurance equal pay law", "Equal reimbursement for women's services" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1455", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1455. TELEMEDICINE, TELEDENTISTRY, AND TELEHEALTH", "url": "/statutes/IN/1455.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1455.json", "summary": "This chapter tells health insurance plans in Texas that they must cover telemedicine, teledentistry, and telehealth services just like in‑person care. Plans can’t refuse coverage because of the technology used, and any cost‑sharing (deductible, copay, coinsurance) can’t be higher than for a face‑to‑face visit. Audio‑only or text‑only interactions are not required to be covered, and insurers must post their telehealth policies on their websites.", "questions_answered": [ "Does my health insurance have to pay for a video doctor visit the same as an office visit?", "Can my insurer refuse to cover a telehealth service because the doctor used a specific app or platform?", "Am I allowed to be charged a higher copay for a telemedicine appointment than for an in‑person appointment?", "Will my plan cover a dentist who provides a teledentistry service?", "Are audio‑only phone calls or email consultations required to be covered by my insurance?", "Do I have to pay a separate deductible just for telemedicine services?", "Do these rules apply to the health plan my employer offers?", "Will my plan cover a telehealth visit if the doctor is located in another state but licensed in Texas?", "Does my insurer have to post its telehealth coverage policies online?", "Can a health plan set a lifetime maximum that only applies to telehealth services?" ], "issue_tags": [ "telemedicine", "telehealth", "teledentistry", "health-insurance", "coverage", "remote-care", "benefit-plans" ], "synonyms": [ "telemedicine coverage law", "Texas telehealth insurance requirements", "telehealth benefit plan rules", "remote health service coverage", "teledentistry insurance rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1456", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1456. DISCLOSURE OF PROVIDER STATUS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1456.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1456.json", "summary": "This chapter forces health insurance plans that use provider networks to clearly tell members when doctors who work in network hospitals are not themselves in the network and may bill the patient. It also requires those out‑of‑network doctors to include specific disclosures on their bills and gives the state power to discipline providers who don’t follow the rules.", "questions_answered": [ "Will my insurance plan tell me if a doctor at my hospital is out of network?", "What is balance billing and can I be charged for it?", "What disclosures must my health plan give me about out‑of‑network physicians?", "What information does a facility‑based doctor have to put on a bill if they are not in my plan’s network?", "Can I get an estimate of what I’ll owe before I receive care?", "What can I do if I receive a surprise bill from a doctor at a hospital my plan uses?", "Are there penalties for doctors who don’t follow the disclosure rules?", "Does this law apply to Medicaid plans?", "Where can I file a complaint about balance billing?", "Do health plans have to put notices on their websites about out‑of‑network doctors?", "How long does a health plan have to provide a cost estimate after I request it?" ], "issue_tags": [ "balance-billing", "provider-disclosure", "health-insurance", "out-of-network", "patient-billing", "medical-complaints" ], "synonyms": [ "provider status disclosure", "out-of-network physician notice", "surprise-billing rules", "health plan network transparency", "facility-based physician billing requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1457", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1457. PROVISIONAL CREDENTIALING STATUS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1457.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1457.json", "summary": "This chapter requires health benefit plans to have a provisional credentialing process that follows NCQA standards. It lets a physician get temporary status after submitting an application and meeting certain requirements, and the plan must finish full credentialing within 60 days. If the physician does not meet the standards, they receive the same appeal rights as any other applicant.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a doctor get provisional credentialing with a health insurance plan?", "What is provisional credentialing status for physicians?", "How long does a health plan have to complete full credentialing after granting provisional status?", "Can a physician be provisionally credentialed by joining another physician’s practice?", "What appeal rights does a doctor have if they are denied after provisional credentialing?", "Do health plans have to follow NCQA requirements for provisional credentialing?", "What is the difference between provisional and full credentialing?", "Who counts as an enrollee under this chapter?", "What types of provider networks are covered by this rule?", "What happens if a physician fails to meet credentialing standards after provisional status?" ], "issue_tags": [ "provisional-credentialing", "physician-credentialing", "health-benefit-plans", "NCQA-compliance", "provider-networks", "appeal-process" ], "synonyms": [ "temporary physician credentialing", "interim credentialing", "provisional provider approval", "provisional network participation", "provisional credentialing status" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1458", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1458. PROVIDER NETWORK CONTRACT ARRANGEMENTS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1458.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1458.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for contracts between health insurers (or other contracting entities) and doctors, hospitals, and other health providers in Texas. It bans contract provisions that limit competition, hide pricing, or force providers to accept certain rates, and it requires insurers to register, disclose their affiliates, and give providers access to contract information. Violations can lead to administrative penalties.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a health insurer include a clause that stops me from referring patients to other doctors?", "Am I allowed to have a contract that forces me to accept lower payment rates because another insurer pays less?", "Do I have to register with the Texas Department of Insurance if I start a new health plan?", "What information must I disclose about my affiliates when I register as a contracting entity?", "Can an insurer sell or share my reimbursement rates without my permission?", "What types of contract clauses are prohibited under Texas law?", "Do I need to give providers electronic access to view our network contract?", "What penalties could an insurer face for violating these contract rules?", "Are tiered network plans subject to special fiduciary duties to enrollees?", "Is a discount health care program exempt from these contract requirements?" ], "issue_tags": [ "provider-network-contracts", "anti-steering", "gag-clauses", "most-favored-nation", "registration", "disclosure", "fiduciary-duty" ], "synonyms": [ "Provider network contract rules", "Health insurer-provider agreement regulations", "Texas provider network contract law", "Health benefit plan contracting rules", "Provider contract compliance requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1460", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1460. STANDARDS REQUIRED REGARDING CERTAIN PHYSICIAN RANKINGS BY HEALTH BENEFIT PLANS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1460.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1460.json", "summary": "This chapter tells health insurance plans how they can rank or tier doctors. Rankings must use standards set by approved medical societies, be shared with doctors at least 45 days before release, and give doctors a simple way to point out errors. Doctors cannot force patients to agree not to rate them, and violations can lead to penalties for both plans and physicians.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a health insurance plan rank my doctor without telling me?", "What rules must a health plan follow when creating doctor rankings?", "How far in advance must a plan notify a doctor about a new ranking?", "What can a doctor do if they think a ranking is inaccurate or false?", "Which organizations are allowed to develop the standards for doctor rankings?", "Are Medicaid or Medicare plans required to follow these ranking rules?", "What penalties can a health plan face for breaking the ranking requirements?", "Can a doctor stop a patient from rating or commenting on their care?", "What process must a health plan provide for doctors to report ranking errors?", "Are simple lists of network doctors exempt from these rules if they don’t include rankings?" ], "issue_tags": [ "physician-ranking", "health-benefit-plan", "transparency", "medical-standards", "compliance", "sanctions" ], "synonyms": [ "doctor ranking standards", "physician tiering rules", "health plan physician evaluation regulations", "medical provider ranking guidelines", "physician performance ranking requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1461", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1461. DISCRIMINATION AGAINST PHYSICIAN BASED ON MAINTENANCE OF CERTIFICATION", "url": "/statutes/IN/1461.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1461.json", "summary": "This chapter stops health insurance plans from treating doctors differently because of whether they keep up with certification requirements. It applies to any physician and to companies that work with the plan, like claim processors or pre‑authorization services. The only time a plan can make a distinction is when a hospital or similar entity legally requires a specific certification for staff privileges.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an insurance plan refuse to pay a doctor because the doctor hasn't maintained certification?", "May a health plan give lower reimbursement to physicians who are not board certified?", "Is it illegal for a managed‑care plan to contract only with doctors who have a certain certification?", "Do the rules apply to doctors who are not part of the plan’s network?", "Can a claim‑processing company discriminate against physicians based on certification status?", "What exception allows a health plan to treat doctors differently because of certification?", "Does this law affect pre‑authorization services that work with insurers?", "Are hospitals or other entities allowed to require specific certification for staff under this chapter?", "What does ‘maintenance of certification’ mean for doctors under this law?", "Can a physician sue an insurer for discrimination based on certification?" ], "issue_tags": [ "physician-discrimination", "maintenance-of-certification", "managed-care", "insurance-reimbursement", "physician-contracting", "health-plan-credentialing" ], "synonyms": [ "physician certification discrimination", "insurance payment discrimination based on certification", "maintenance of certification rules", "doctor credentialing discrimination", "health plan physician payment rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1467", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1467. OUT-OF-NETWORK CLAIM DISPUTE RESOLUTION", "url": "/statutes/IN/1467.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1467.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a Texas‑run system for settling disagreements over charges from out‑of‑network health providers. It requires mandatory mediation for facility providers and mandatory binding arbitration for non‑facility providers, using neutral mediators or arbitrators and a benchmarking database to help determine reasonable payment amounts. The law also sets qualifications, procedures, confidentiality rules, and penalties for parties that act in bad faith.", "questions_answered": [ "What steps can I take if an out‑of‑network hospital bills me more than my insurance will pay?", "How does mandatory mediation work for out‑of‑network facility providers in Texas?", "When can I request binding arbitration for a claim from an out‑of‑network doctor or lab?", "What is the benchmarking database and how does it affect the amount I’m charged?", "Who can serve as a mediator or arbitrator in an out‑of‑network claim dispute?", "What deadlines must I follow to request mediation or arbitration?", "What happens if a party refuses to participate in the required mediation or arbitration?", "Can I appeal an arbitrator’s decision if I think it’s unfair?", "What penalties exist for bad‑faith participation in the dispute process?", "How are complaints about out‑of‑network claim settlements handled by the state?" ], "issue_tags": [ "out-of-network-disputes", "mediation", "arbitration", "health-insurance", "benchmarking", "bad-faith", "consumer-protection" ], "synonyms": [ "out-of-network claim dispute resolution", "mandatory mediation and arbitration for out-of-network providers", "Texas health benefit claim dispute process", "out-of-network provider billing dispute law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1501", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1501. HEALTH INSURANCE PORTABILITY AND AVAILABILITY ACT", "url": "/statutes/IN/1501.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1501.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for how health insurance plans offered by Texas employers must be sold, priced, and administered. It defines who counts as a small or large employer, what coverage must be offered, and bans discrimination based on health status or risk factors. It also creates cooperatives and a reinsurance system to help small employers get affordable coverage, and outlines enrollment, renewal, and disclosure requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the difference between a small and a large employer under Texas health insurance law?", "Can an employer refuse to cover an employee because of a pre‑existing condition?", "What are the enrollment and waiting period rules for new employees?", "How are premiums allowed to be calculated for small employer health plans?", "What is a health benefit plan cooperative and how can my business join one?", "What protections exist for dependents, newborns, and adopted children under employer health plans?", "Can an insurance company change the premium rates or cancel coverage, and what notice is required?", "What disclosures must an insurer provide to a small or large employer before selling a health plan?", "How does the Texas reinsurance system work for small employer health plans?", "Are agents allowed to receive different commissions based on the size or health risk of a group?", "What are the rules for late enrollment and pre‑existing condition provisions?", "Can a school district elect to be treated as a small employer for health insurance purposes?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-benefit-plan", "employer-size", "preexisting-conditions", "premium-rating", "enrollment", "cooperatives", "reinsurance", "non-discrimination" ], "synonyms": [ "HIPAA", "Health Insurance Portability and Availability Act", "Texas HIPAA", "Employer health coverage rules", "Health benefit plan regulations", "Small employer health benefit plan statutes", "Large employer health benefit plan statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1502", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1502. HEALTH BENEFIT PLANS FOR CHILDREN", "url": "/statutes/IN/1502.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1502.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for health benefit plans that are offered only to children under 18. It requires the Texas insurance commissioner to approve the plan’s structure and benefits, and it gives those plans exemptions from certain premium and retaliatory taxes. The chapter does not apply to Medicaid or the state child health plan, and it allows the commissioner to create rules to increase coverage availability and manage enrollment periods.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an insurance company sell a health plan that only covers kids?", "What age range must a children's health benefit plan cover?", "Do children's health plans have to follow the same coverage rules as regular health plans?", "Who needs to approve a children's health benefit plan before it can be offered?", "Are children's health plans exempt from premium taxes in Texas?", "Does this law apply to Medicaid or the state child health plan?", "Can a nonprofit health corporation issue a children's health benefit plan?", "What events allow a children's plan to enroll outside the normal open enrollment period?", "What types of entities (e.g., HMOs, fraternal societies) can issue a children's health benefit plan?", "Are there any mandatory benefit requirements that a children's health plan must meet?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-health-plan", "insurance-tax-exemption", "commissioner-approval", "open-enrollment", "coverage-availability", "non-medicaid" ], "synonyms": [ "children's health benefit plan", "child-only health insurance", "pediatric health coverage", "youth health plan", "minor health benefit plan" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1503", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1503. COVERAGE OF CERTAIN STUDENTS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1503.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1503.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for health benefit plans that cover children and young adults. It says a plan cannot make coverage depend on a child under 25 being enrolled in school. For children 25 or older, a plan may require full‑time student status, but must keep coverage for the whole term and until the 10th day of the next term before it can end the coverage. The chapter also lists which types of plans are covered and which are excluded.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my health insurance stop covering my child if they stop going to school before they turn 25?", "Do I have to be a full‑time student to stay on my parents' health plan after I turn 25?", "How long can my health plan keep me covered if I drop below full‑time status as a student?", "What happens to my health coverage if I’m not enrolled in school during the next term?", "Are there any health plans that are exempt from these student‑coverage rules?", "Does a Medicare supplemental policy have to follow these student coverage requirements?", "Can a health plan that only covers a specific disease be subject to these rules?", "What types of insurance entities are subject to this chapter’s requirements?", "If I’m a 24‑year‑old dependent, can my insurer require me to be a student to stay covered?", "What is the deadline for a health plan to end coverage after I stop being a full‑time student?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-insurance", "student-coverage", "dependent-eligibility", "age-based-rules", "insurance-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "coverage of certain students", "student health benefit rules", "dependent student coverage", "health plan student eligibility", "insurance coverage for student dependents" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1504", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1504. MEDICAL AND DENTAL CHILD SUPPORT", "url": "/statutes/IN/1504.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1504.json", "summary": "This chapter tells health and dental insurers that they must enroll children when a court or child‑support order requires it, even if the child lives outside the insurer’s normal service area. It bars insurers from denying coverage for reasons like pre‑existing conditions, out‑of‑state residence, or Medicaid status, and requires them to provide comparable coverage, continue or convert policies, and give clear claim information. The chapter also sets out the penalties and remedies if insurers break these rules.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an insurer refuse to enroll my child because they live outside the plan’s service area?", "What reasons are insurers prohibited from using to deny my child’s health or dental coverage?", "If a court orders me to provide health insurance for my child, must the insurer enroll them even if I miss the open enrollment period?", "Can an insurer cancel or not renew my child’s coverage without giving me proof that the court order ended?", "What information does the insurer have to give me about the policy and how to file claims for my child?", "What does “comparable health or dental coverage” mean for a child who lives out of state?", "Am I allowed to be charged a higher premium for my child’s coverage under this law?", "What rights do I have if the insurer’s practices are unfair or deceptive under this chapter?", "How must the insurer handle claims for my child if I am not the policyholder?", "Can the insurer require different requirements for a child who receives Medicaid or other medical assistance?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-support", "health-insurance", "dental-coverage", "enrollment-rights", "comparable-coverage", "insurer-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Medical and Dental Child Support provisions", "Child health insurance requirements", "Dependent coverage obligations", "Texas child‑support insurance rules", "Child support health coverage law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1505", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1505. GROUP HEALTH INSURANCE PLANS FOR PERSONS 65 YEARS OF AGE OR OLDER", "url": "/statutes/IN/1505.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1505.json", "summary": "This chapter lets two or more health insurers join together to offer a group health insurance plan for Texas residents who are 65 or older and their spouses. It sets out how insurers can agree on premiums, policy terms, and administration, requires filing and approval by the state insurance commissioner, and provides tax and antitrust exemptions for these plans.", "questions_answered": [ "Can health insurers create a group health plan specifically for people 65 and older?", "Do spouses of seniors qualify for the same group health insurance plan?", "What types of insurers are allowed to participate in a senior group health plan?", "How must insurers set and file premium rates for a senior group health plan?", "Does the Texas insurance commissioner have to approve the plan before it becomes effective?", "What happens if the commissioner finds a premium or marketing plan to be excessive or unfair?", "Are premiums for these senior group plans exempt from state premium taxes?", "Can the insurers issue the policy through an unincorporated association or trust?", "Are these senior group plans exempt from antitrust restrictions?", "What agents are authorized to sell or administer these senior group health plans?", "What filing documents are required for a senior group health insurance plan?", "Is a senior group health plan considered a separate insurance product from Medicare?" ], "issue_tags": [ "group-health-insurance", "senior-coverage", "premium-regulation", "tax-exemption", "antitrust-exemption", "insurer-collaboration", "filing-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "senior group health insurance", "65+ group health plan", "Texas senior health insurance program", "group medical coverage for seniors", "senior health insurer consortium" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1507", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1507. CONSUMER CHOICE OF BENEFITS PLANS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1507.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1507.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas insurers and health maintenance organizations offer \"standard\" health plans that skip some state‑mandated benefits, giving consumers cheaper and more flexible options. It defines what a standard plan is, requires a minimum obstetric/gynecological coverage, mandates clear notices and disclosure statements about missing benefits, and obligates carriers to also provide at least one plan that includes all mandated benefits. The commissioner can adopt rules and carriers must file rate information for these plans.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I purchase a health insurance plan in Texas that does not include all state‑required benefits?", "What state‑mandated health benefits might be left out of a cheaper Texas health plan?", "What notice must an insurer give me if a plan excludes certain state‑mandated benefits?", "Do I have to sign a disclosure statement when I choose a plan that omits some benefits?", "Are insurers required to also offer a plan that includes all state‑mandated health benefits?", "What is the minimum coverage a standard health benefit plan must provide?", "How does a health maintenance organization’s standard plan differ from a regular HMO plan?", "What rules does the Texas insurance commissioner set for these consumer‑choice plans?", "Do employers have to offer both standard and full‑benefit plans to their employees?", "How are rates for standard health benefit plans filed and reviewed?" ], "issue_tags": [ "consumer-choice", "health-insurance", "standard-benefit-plans", "disclosure-requirements", "state-mandated-benefits", "HMO" ], "synonyms": [ "Consumer Choice of Benefits Health Insurance Plans", "Standard Health Benefit Plans", "Texas health insurance optional benefit plans", "Alternative health coverage options", "Texas insurance consumer choice statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1508", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1508. HEALTHY TEXAS PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/IN/1508.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1508.json", "summary": "The Healthy Texas Program is a state initiative that helps small employers provide affordable health insurance to their employees and dependents. It sets rules for which employers can join, how much they must pay toward premiums, what benefits the plans must cover, and creates a fund to reimburse insurers for certain claims. The program also includes oversight by the commissioner, including premium rating standards, enrollment periods, and reporting requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my small business join the Healthy Texas health insurance program?", "What are the eligibility requirements for a small employer to participate?", "How many of my employees must enroll before I can apply for a qualifying plan?", "How much of the premium must my company pay for each employee?", "What minimum benefits must the health plan provide under the program?", "How are premiums rated and what factors can be used to set rates?", "What is the Healthy Texas premium stabilization fund and how does reimbursement work?", "What enrollment periods and waiting periods are required for my employees?", "Can I offer coverage for dependents and how is that handled?", "What happens if the fund runs out of money or enrollment exceeds available funds?", "How does the program handle pre‑existing condition coverage?", "Can the commissioner limit which insurers can participate in the program?" ], "issue_tags": [ "small-employer-health", "health-benefit-eligibility", "premium-stabilization-fund", "coverage-requirements", "enrollment-rules", "insurer-reimbursement", "commissioner-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "Healthy Texas Program", "Texas small employer health insurance program", "Texas Healthy Texas health benefit plan", "Texas small business health coverage initiative", "Healthy Texas premium stabilization fund" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1509", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1509. SHORT-TERM LIMITED-DURATION INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/1509.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1509.json", "summary": "This chapter defines short‑term limited‑duration health insurance and requires insurers to give buyers a clear disclosure form. The form must list coverage length, renewal limits, what services are covered, deductibles, and other key details. Insurers must get a signed acknowledgment (which can be electronic) and keep it for five years.", "questions_answered": [ "What is short‑term limited‑duration insurance?", "What must be included on the disclosure form for a short‑term health plan?", "How long does a short‑term policy last and can it be renewed?", "Does the end of a short‑term policy count as a qualifying life event for special enrollment?", "What health services (like prescription drugs, mental health, maternity care) are covered by short‑term plans?", "What are the deductible rules for short‑term insurance?", "How much money can a short‑term policy pay out at most?", "Do insurers have to keep a record of the buyer’s acknowledgment, and for how long?", "Can the acknowledgment of receipt be done electronically?", "When did these short‑term insurance disclosure rules become effective in Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "short-term-insurance", "policy-disclosure", "renewal-limits", "qualifying-life-event", "coverage-details", "deductible-info", "record-retention" ], "synonyms": [ "short-term limited-duration insurance", "STLDI", "temporary health insurance", "short-term health plan", "limited-duration health coverage" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1550", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1550. CERTAIN REQUIREMENTS FOR INSURERS CONTRACTING WITH GOVERNMENTAL ENTITIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/1550.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1550.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for insurance companies that want to provide health coverage to Texas municipalities. It defines which entities count as insurers, requires bids to include the full offer and forbids post‑contract changes, bans exclusions or higher deductibles based on a person’s medical history, and allows a municipality to waive certain rules with a written waiver.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a city require an insurer to change the coverage after a contract is signed?", "Can an insurer refuse to cover an employee because of their prior medical history?", "What types of companies are considered insurers under this law?", "Do insurance bids have to include the entire offer without hidden conditions?", "Is a municipality allowed to waive the rule that stops insurers from raising deductibles?", "Can a nonprofit health corporation bid for municipal health insurance contracts?", "Do health maintenance organizations have to follow these same requirements?", "What is the process for a municipality to obtain a written waiver of the bidding rules?", "Are stop‑loss insurers prohibited from adding exclusions after winning a bid?", "Do these rules apply to all municipal contracts for health benefits?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-bidding", "municipal-health-insurance", "coverage-exclusions", "deductible-prohibitions", "waiver-exception", "insurer-definition" ], "synonyms": [ "municipal insurance contract requirements", "government entity insurer rules", "Texas municipal health insurance bidding rules", "insurer requirements for city contracts", "municipal health coverage regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1551", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1551. TEXAS EMPLOYEES GROUP BENEFITS ACT", "url": "/statutes/IN/1551.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1551.json", "summary": "The Texas Employees Group Benefits Act sets up a statewide group insurance program that gives state employees, retirees, and certain other public workers uniform life, accident, and health coverage. It defines who can join, how dependents are covered, and how premiums and payroll deductions are handled. The board of trustees runs the program, creates basic and optional plans, and oversees claims, appeals, and fund management.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is eligible to receive health, life, and accident insurance under the Texas Employees Group Benefits Act?", "What types of insurance coverage does the program provide to state employees and retirees?", "How does the act define a dependent and what coverage do dependents receive?", "Can an employee waive the basic health coverage, and what proof is required?", "How are premiums and payroll deductions calculated and collected for the group benefits?", "What benefits do surviving spouses or other dependents get after a participant dies?", "How does the program differentiate contributions for full‑time versus part‑time employees?", "What is the process for appealing a denied claim or coverage decision?", "Are there special provisions for adjunct faculty, post‑doctoral fellows, or graduate students?", "How are out‑of‑network provider charges handled under the plan?", "What rules apply to tobacco‑user premium differentials?", "How are the insurance funds managed and protected from creditors?" ], "issue_tags": [ "employee-benefits", "health-insurance", "life-insurance", "group-coverage", "dependent-coverage", "state-employees", "retirement-benefits", "insurance-fund" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Employees Group Benefits Act", "State employee benefit program", "Texas group insurance program", "Employees Retirement System of Texas benefits", "Texas state employee health plan" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1552", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1552. LONG-TERM CARE INSURANCE FOR STATE EMPLOYEES", "url": "/statutes/IN/1552.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1552.json", "summary": "This chapter lets the board of trustees set up a separate long‑term care insurance program for Texas state employees, retirees, and certain family members. The program must be run by an outside firm, follow rules the board adopts, and the state cannot pay any part of the premiums.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a Texas state employee enroll in a long‑term care insurance program through their job?", "Are spouses, parents, or grandparents of state employees eligible for the program?", "Does the state pay any of the premiums for this long‑term care insurance?", "Can the board of trustees require the program to be offered?", "Who decides which insurance company administers the program?", "What kinds of rules can the board adopt for the program?", "Is this long‑term care coverage part of the regular group health plan for state employees?", "Can a parent of an employee’s spouse be covered under the program?", "What limits the board’s ability to start the program?", "Does the program cover retirees (annuitants) as well as current employees?" ], "issue_tags": [ "long-term-care-insurance", "state-employees", "coverage-eligibility", "premium-payment", "board-of-trustees", "admin-firm" ], "synonyms": [ "state employee long‑term care insurance program", "government employee LTC insurance", "Texas LTC insurance for state workers", "state employee long‑term care coverage", "chapter 1552 LTC insurance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1560", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1560. DELIVERY OF PRESCRIPTION DRUGS BY MAIL", "url": "/statutes/IN/1560.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1560.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas teacher and employee health plans that members can get a 60‑day (or longer) supply of a prescription from a local pharmacy under the same payment terms used for mail‑order pharmacies. It also requires the plans to reimburse all participating pharmacies using a single, nationally recognized price benchmark for both brand‑name and generic drugs.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I get a 60‑day supply of my prescription from my neighborhood pharmacy instead of a mail‑order service?", "Do my health plan’s pharmacy benefits have to treat local and mail‑order pharmacies the same way?", "What reimbursement rates must my health plan use when paying pharmacies?", "Does this rule apply to all health plans or only to certain Texas employee groups?", "What defines a 'multiple‑month supply' of a prescription drug?", "Can a community pharmacy refuse to accept the same reimbursement terms as a mail‑order pharmacy?", "Are brand‑name and generic drugs reimbursed using the same benchmark?", "Which Texas retirement systems are required to follow these pharmacy rules?", "Do I have to use a specific mail‑order pharmacy for my prescriptions?", "What national benchmark is used to set pharmacy payment rates?" ], "issue_tags": [ "pharmacy-benefits", "multiple-month-supply", "reimbursement-rates", "texas-employee-health-plans", "mail-order-pharmacy", "community-retail-pharmacy" ], "synonyms": [ "Prescription drug mail delivery rules", "Mail‑order pharmacy reimbursement standards", "Multiple‑month supply pharmacy provision", "Texas health benefit pharmacy parity law", "Community retail pharmacy reimbursement parity" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1575", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1575. TEXAS PUBLIC SCHOOL EMPLOYEES GROUP BENEFITS PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/IN/1575.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1575.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a group health insurance program for Texas public school retirees, their spouses, surviving children, and other dependents. It defines who can join, how contributions are collected from retirees, schools, and the state, and what benefits are offered, including medical, dental, vision, and life coverage. The Teacher Retirement System of Texas runs the program, handles contracts, claims, and oversight, and includes rules for enrollment, fraud protection, and out‑of‑network billing.", "questions_answered": [ "Who qualifies for the Texas public school retirees health benefit program?", "How does a retiree enroll in the group health plan and add dependents?", "What types of health, dental, vision, and life coverage are provided?", "How are monthly premiums and contributions calculated for retirees and dependents?", "Can a retiree be removed from the program for submitting fraudulent claims?", "Are emergency services from out‑of‑network providers covered and how are they paid?", "What role does the Teacher Retirement System of Texas play in administering the program?", "How are surviving spouses and dependent children covered after a retiree dies?", "Are premiums or contributions subject to state taxes or fees?", "What is the process for appealing a denied claim or coverage decision?", "How does the program handle competitive bidding for insurance contracts?", "What are the rules for using a coordinated care network and provider credentialing?" ], "issue_tags": [ "retiree-health-benefits", "group-insurance", "eligibility", "contributions", "claims-processing", "fraud-expulsion", "out-of-network", "coordinated-care" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Public School Retired Employees Group Benefits Act", "Texas school retirees health plan", "Teacher Retirement System group insurance program", "Texas public school employee group benefits" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1576", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1576. GROUP LONG-TERM CARE INSURANCE FOR PUBLIC SCHOOL EMPLOYEES", "url": "/statutes/IN/1576.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1576.json", "summary": "This chapter lets the Teacher Retirement System of Texas set up a group long‑term‑care insurance program for public school employees, retirees, and certain family members. It outlines how the program can be created, how insurers are chosen, how premiums are paid, and that the program is funded separately and exempt from other insurance laws. The state does not pay any part of the premiums.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my public school district offer a group long‑term‑care insurance plan to teachers and staff?", "Who is eligible for coverage under the group long‑term‑care program?", "How are premiums collected for the long‑term‑care insurance?", "Does the state contribute any money toward the insurance premiums?", "What rules does the Teacher Retirement System have to follow when selecting an insurance carrier?", "Does the program have to choose the lowest bid when awarding a contract?", "Are premiums for this program subject to state taxes or fees?", "Can the insurance fund be invested, and if so, how?", "What expenses can be paid from the group long‑term‑care insurance fund?", "Are spouses, parents, and grandparents of employees or retirees covered?", "What must the trustee do if a carrier’s bid is higher than the advertised price?", "Is the long‑term‑care coverage subject to other Texas insurance laws?" ], "issue_tags": [ "group-long-term-care", "teacher-retirement-system", "insurance-funding", "eligibility", "premium-payment", "competitive-bidding", "tax-exempt" ], "synonyms": [ "group LTC insurance for teachers", "public school employee long‑term care program", "Teacher Retirement System long‑term care coverage", "state school employee LTC insurance", "group long‑term care plan for Texas teachers" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1578", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1578. PURCHASE OF INSURANCE BY ASSOCIATION OF TEACHERS AND SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1578.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1578.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a nonprofit teachers or school administrators association buy group insurance policies, such as life, health, accident, and medical expense coverage, for its members and their dependents. It sets rules on who can qualify, how premiums can be paid, the minimum number of members needed, and that the insurance amount must be chosen without individual selection.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a teachers' association purchase group health insurance for its members?", "What kinds of insurance can a school administrators association buy for its members?", "How many members must be covered before the association can get a group policy?", "Can the association pay the insurance premium using money contributed by members?", "If members help pay the premium, what is the minimum coverage requirement?", "Does the association need to be a nonprofit to qualify for group insurance?", "Can the association obtain separate policies for each type of insurance?", "Who is listed as the policyholder on the group insurance policy?", "Are there restrictions on how the amount of coverage is determined?", "Do private school teachers qualify for the same group insurance options as public school teachers?" ], "issue_tags": [ "teacher-association-insurance", "group-policy", "nonprofit-association", "premium-payment", "minimum-members", "insurance-types" ], "synonyms": [ "teacher association group insurance", "school administrator insurance purchase", "educator association insurance", "teachers' union insurance", "school staff group coverage" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1579", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1579. TEXAS SCHOOL EMPLOYEES UNIFORM GROUP HEALTH COVERAGE", "url": "/statutes/IN/1579.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1579.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a statewide health insurance program for Texas public school employees and their families, run by the Teacher Retirement System. It defines who can join, how contributions are shared among the state, schools, and employees, and outlines the coverage options and protections. The law also includes rules for out‑of‑network billing, emergency care, and tax exemptions for premiums.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is eligible to receive health coverage under the Texas school employees program?", "What types of family members are considered dependents for this coverage?", "Can a school district or charter school choose not to participate in the program?", "How are the premiums and contributions divided between the state, the school district, and the employee?", "Are the premiums for this health coverage exempt from state taxes and fees?", "What protections do employees have for emergency care from out‑of‑network providers?", "Can an employee select a higher‑tier health plan or change plans during enrollment?", "Does the program limit coverage for pre‑existing conditions?", "What rules apply to pharmacy benefit managers and drug prior‑authorization requirements?", "What happens to contributions if a participating entity stops its participation in the program?" ], "issue_tags": [ "school-health-coverage", "employee-benefits", "insurance-contributions", "out-of-network-billing", "dependent-eligibility", "tax-exemptions" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas School Employees Uniform Group Health Coverage Act", "TEA uniform health plan", "Teacher Retirement System health coverage program", "Texas school employee health insurance program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1581", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1581. EMPLOYER EXPENDITURES FOR SCHOOL EMPLOYEE HEALTH COVERAGE PLANS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1581.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1581.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas school districts, charter schools, and regional education service centers how much they must spend each year to help pay for their employees' group health insurance. It sets a minimum dollar amount per employee, explains how to calculate the contribution using past spending, allows certain state education funds to be used, and limits what can be done with any excess money.", "questions_answered": [ "How much does my school district have to contribute to employee health insurance each year?", "What is the minimum amount the district must spend per employee for health coverage?", "How is the required contribution calculated using the 2000‑2001 school year data?", "Can we use state education funds to meet the health coverage contribution requirement?", "Do charter schools and regional education service centers have the same contribution rules as regular school districts?", "What counts as a participating employee for these health coverage rules?", "Where must the money we contribute be deposited or held?", "What can we do with any contribution amount that exceeds the required minimum?", "Are contributions to a self‑funded insurance plan treated differently?", "Do contributions required under other education statutes count toward the minimum effort?" ], "issue_tags": [ "employer-health-contributions", "school-employee-benefits", "uniform-group-coverage", "texas-education-funds", "minimum-effort", "excess-funds" ], "synonyms": [ "school employee health coverage funding", "teacher health insurance contribution rules", "uniform group coverage employer effort", "Texas school health benefit financing", "employee health plan contribution requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1601", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1601. UNIFORM INSURANCE BENEFITS ACT FOR EMPLOYEES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SYSTEM AND THE TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY SYSTEM", "url": "/statutes/IN/1601.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1601.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a uniform insurance benefits program for employees and retirees of the University of Texas System and the Texas A&M University System. It sets standards for basic life, accident, and health coverage, defines who can join, how dependents are covered, and how costs are shared. The systems must run competitive bids for carriers, may self‑insure, and must follow rules for contributions, waivers, and administration.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is eligible to participate in the uniform insurance benefits program?", "What types of coverage are included in the basic insurance plan?", "Can an employee or retiree waive their coverage, and how?", "How are spouses and children covered under the program?", "When does health coverage begin for a new employee or retiree?", "How are premiums and contributions paid for employees and their dependents?", "What is the process for the system to select and bid on insurance carriers?", "Are insurance benefits protected from garnishment or tax fees?", "Can postdoctoral fellows and graduate students receive coverage?", "What disease‑management or wellness services are required by the plan?", "How does a cafeteria plan work under this act?", "What happens to coverage if an employee’s pay is too low to cover the deduction?" ], "issue_tags": [ "uniform-insurance", "employee-benefits", "coverage-eligibility", "employer-contributions", "carrier-bidding", "dependent-coverage", "self-insurance", "retirement-benefits" ], "synonyms": [ "State University Employees Uniform Insurance Benefits Act", "Uniform Insurance Benefits Act for UT and Texas A&M employees", "Uniform program for university system insurance", "Uniform insurance benefits program", "Uniform insurance coverage for system employees" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1625", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1625. TRANSFER BETWEEN CERTAIN GOVERNMENTAL PROGRAMS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1625.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1625.json", "summary": "This chapter lets people who have health insurance through a state program keep that coverage when they move from one Texas university or state agency to another, without having to meet new pre‑existing condition requirements. It also lets the board of trustees and college governing boards set rules, agreements, and uniform procedures to make those transfers work smoothly.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I keep my state health insurance when I transfer from one Texas university to another?", "Do I need a new medical exam or pre‑existing condition check when I change state jobs?", "Will my dependent stay covered if I move to a different state agency or college?", "What rules govern health‑benefit transfers between Texas higher‑education institutions?", "Who is allowed to create the procedures for moving health coverage between schools?", "Can the board of trustees change the transfer requirements for health insurance?", "Are public junior colleges included in the transfer provisions?", "What is a memorandum of understanding in the context of health‑benefit transfers?", "How do governing boards ensure efficient operation of health programs during a transfer?", "What types of institutions are considered ‘higher education’ for these rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-insurance-transfer", "preexisting-conditions", "governmental-employees", "higher-education", "board-rules", "uniform-procedures" ], "synonyms": [ "Transfer of health benefits between state agencies", "Inter‑institution health coverage transfer", "Government employee health insurance portability", "Texas health insurance transfer rules", "Chapter 1625" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1651", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1651. LONG-TERM CARE BENEFIT PLANS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1651.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1651.json", "summary": "This chapter establishes the rules that apply to long‑term care benefit plans sold in Texas. It defines which policies are covered, sets minimum benefit and disclosure standards, governs how pre‑existing conditions and premium rates are handled, requires refund notices, and outlines requirements for the state partnership long‑term care program.", "questions_answered": [ "Which insurance policies are considered long‑term care benefit plans in Texas?", "Do group long‑term care plans have to follow the same rules as individual plans?", "What minimum benefits must a Texas long‑term care plan provide?", "How are pre‑existing conditions treated under Texas long‑term care policies?", "Can an insurer raise premiums without state approval?", "What refund rights do I have if I cancel a long‑term care plan?", "What disclosures must appear on the first page of a long‑term care policy?", "What are the requirements for the Texas partnership long‑term care program?", "Who is allowed to sell long‑term care benefit plans in Texas?", "What training is required for agents who sell these plans?", "What happens to my plan if the partnership program is discontinued?", "Are there limits on how much a plan can increase rates for an individual policyholder?" ], "issue_tags": [ "long-term-care", "insurance-standards", "premium-rates", "preexisting-conditions", "refunds", "partnership-program", "disclosures" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Long-Term Care Benefit Plan Regulations", "TX LTC Insurance Rules", "Chapter 1651 Long-Term Care Standards", "Texas LTC Benefit Plan Requirements", "Long-Term Care Insurance Statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1652", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1652. MEDICARE SUPPLEMENT BENEFIT PLANS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1652.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1652.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for Medicare supplement (Medigap) plans sold in Texas. It defines what counts as a supplement plan, requires a basic plan and allows additional benefit options, and establishes standards for coverage, premiums, loss ratios, and consumer disclosures. The chapter also covers special provisions such as mammography coverage, pre‑existing condition rules, younger beneficiaries, and prescription‑drug benefits, and it limits how agents can be compensated.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a Medicare supplement benefit plan and who can apply for one?", "Can a Medicare supplement plan duplicate benefits that Medicare already provides?", "What minimum coverage must a basic Medicare supplement plan include?", "Are Medicare supplement plans required to cover annual low‑dose mammograms?", "How are pre‑existing conditions handled in Medicare supplement plans?", "Do people under 65 with end‑stage renal disease or ALS get the same supplement coverage as those 65 and older?", "What rules govern how premiums for Medicare supplement plans can be increased?", "What consumer disclosures and notices must be provided when a Medicare supplement plan is sold?", "What loss‑ratio standards must insurers meet for Medicare supplement plans?", "How are agents compensated for selling Medicare supplement plans, and are there limits?", "Can a Medicare supplement plan include an outpatient prescription drug benefit?", "What filing and reporting requirements do insurers have for Medicare supplement plans?" ], "issue_tags": [ "medicare-supplement", "benefit-standards", "coverage-requirements", "loss-ratio", "consumer-disclosure", "agent-compensation", "prescription-drug-benefits" ], "synonyms": [ "Medigap plans", "Medicare supplemental insurance", "Medicare supplement coverage", "Medicare supplement policies", "Medicare supplemental benefit plans" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1653", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1653. HIGH DEDUCTIBLE HEALTH PLAN", "url": "/statutes/IN/1653.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1653.json", "summary": "This chapter defines what a high‑deductible health plan (HDHP) is and explains that such plans must still follow any Texas laws that set minimum health insurance benefits. It also clarifies that insurers can apply deductibles and copayments to meet the HDHP definition, even for state‑mandated benefits. The Texas insurance commissioner is tasked with creating rules to carry out these provisions.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a high deductible health plan?", "Does Texas law require a high deductible plan to include minimum health benefits?", "Can an insurer add deductibles or copayments to qualify a policy as a high deductible plan?", "Do other health insurance statutes still apply to high deductible plans?", "Who is responsible for making rules about high deductible health plans in Texas?", "Can a health maintenance organization issue a high deductible health plan?", "Are state‑mandated health benefits allowed in a high deductible plan?", "What does Texas law say about using copayments in a high deductible plan?", "When did Texas adopt the definition of a high deductible health plan?", "How does Texas regulate high deductible health plans compared to other insurance policies?" ], "issue_tags": [ "high-deductible-health-plan", "health-insurance", "minimum-benefits", "insurance-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "HDHP", "high deductible plan", "high deductible health insurance", "high deductible coverage" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1660", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1660. ELECTRONIC DATA EXCHANGE", "url": "/statutes/IN/1660.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1660.json", "summary": "Chapter 1660 sets out Texas rules for sharing health insurance information electronically. It defines who must use the system, gives the insurance commissioner power to write detailed regulations, and creates a pilot program for electronic ID cards that health plans must issue in selected counties. The goal is to give patients and providers quick, accurate coverage data while reducing paperwork and fraud.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the purpose of Texas' electronic data exchange rules for health insurance?", "Which health benefit plans are required to use electronic data exchange?", "Does this law apply to Medicaid or dental-only plans?", "What kinds of organizations are covered by the electronic data exchange chapter?", "What standards are used for electronic health insurance transactions?", "What is the identification card pilot program and who must participate?", "What information must be on the health plan identification cards?", "Can the insurance commissioner require health plans to submit implementation procedures?", "How does the law help patients get real‑time eligibility information?", "When did the identification card pilot program need to start?" ], "issue_tags": [ "electronic-data-exchange", "health-benefit-plans", "insurance-regulation", "identification-card-pilot", "health-information-technology", "commissioner-rules" ], "synonyms": [ "Electronic Data Exchange Act", "Health Benefit Plan EDI Rules", "Texas Health Insurance Data Sharing Statute", "Insurance Electronic Information Exchange Chapter", "Health Plan ID Card Pilot Program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1661", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1661. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY", "url": "/statutes/IN/1661.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1661.json", "summary": "This chapter requires health insurance issuers in Texas to use electronic systems that give doctors and patients real‑time information about copays, deductibles, covered services, and estimated total costs at the point of care. It also mandates that providers use the same technology, but allows small providers to be exempted, and it bars insurers from charging extra fees to meet these requirements. The rules include procedures for refunding overpayments and set standards for the technology used.", "questions_answered": [ "Do health insurers have to show my copay and deductible amount when I receive care?", "What cost information must my health plan provide to me online or at the point of service?", "Are doctors and hospitals required to use electronic systems to share cost details with patients?", "Can small clinics or physicians be exempt from the technology requirements?", "Is my health insurer allowed to charge me a fee for complying with these technology rules?", "What must a provider do if they receive an overpayment from a patient?", "When did the requirement for providers to use the required technology become effective?", "Which types of insurance plans are excluded from these technology requirements?", "Can a health plan require a provider to use electronic cost tools in their contract?", "Who decides if a provider qualifies for a waiver from the technology mandate?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-benefit-plan-it", "real-time-cost-info", "provider-technology-waiver", "insurance-fee-prohibition", "overpayment-refund", "insurance-exemptions" ], "synonyms": [ "Health Benefit Plan Information Technology Requirements", "Texas Health Insurance IT Rules", "Health Plan Cost Transparency Act", "Health Benefit Plan IT Mandate" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1662", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1662. HEALTH CARE COST TRANSPARENCY", "url": "/statutes/IN/1662.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1662.json", "summary": "This Texas law requires health insurers and other health benefit plans to give members clear, real‑time information about what they will pay for medical services, supplies, and prescription drugs. Members can request this cost‑sharing estimate online, by phone, or in a mailed paper copy, and the plans must also publish machine‑readable files of network rates, out‑of‑network amounts, and drug pricing that are updated each month. The rule applies to most private health plans but not to workers’ compensation or certain government‑run programs.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I find out how much I will have to pay for a specific medical procedure or test?", "Where can I see the negotiated rates that my insurance plan has with network doctors and hospitals?", "What will my out‑of‑pocket costs be if I use an out‑of‑network provider?", "How do I get an estimate of my deductible and out‑of‑pocket limit for a particular service?", "Can I request cost‑sharing information for a bundled payment arrangement?", "Is there an online tool where I can look up my cost‑sharing liability for a drug or service?", "What information must my health plan publish about prescription drug prices?", "How often are the cost‑sharing and rate files updated, and where can I access them?", "Do I need to pay a fee to get a paper copy of my cost‑sharing estimate?", "Can my insurer use a third‑party administrator to provide the required disclosures?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-care-cost-transparency", "insurance-disclosure", "cost-sharing-estimates", "network-rates", "out-of-network-pricing", "prescription-drug-pricing", "machine-readable-data" ], "synonyms": [ "health care cost transparency", "insurance cost sharing disclosure", "health benefit plan cost information", "Texas health insurance transparency law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1681", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1681. HEALTH CARE SHARING MINISTRIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/1681.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1681.json", "summary": "This chapter explains that a faith‑based, nonprofit group that helps members share medical expenses is not treated as an insurance company in Texas. It sets out specific requirements such as limiting membership to a common faith, matching contributions voluntarily, providing clear monthly statements, and disclosing fees. If the group follows these rules, it is exempt from insurance regulations. The law also requires a disclaimer that makes clear the arrangement is not insurance.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a faith‑based group that shares medical bills be considered insurance in Texas?", "What must a health care sharing ministry do to be exempt from insurance laws?", "Do participants have to pay a guaranteed amount for medical expenses?", "What disclosures must a health care sharing ministry provide to its members?", "Is a health care sharing ministry required to limit its members to a single faith?", "How are contributions between participants handled in a health care sharing ministry?", "What should a participant’s card say to show the group is not an insurance company?", "Can a health care sharing ministry charge administrative fees, and must they be disclosed?", "What happens if a health care sharing ministry stops operating or fails to pay a claim?", "Where can complaints about a health care sharing ministry be reported?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-care-sharing", "faith-based", "insurance-exemption", "nonprofit", "medical-bill-sharing", "consumer-disclosure" ], "synonyms": [ "health care sharing ministry", "medical expense sharing group", "faith‑based health sharing", "health cost sharing ministry", "health sharing organization" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1682", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1682. HEALTH BENEFITS PROVIDED BY CERTAIN NONPROFIT AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1682.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1682.json", "summary": "This chapter lets certain long‑standing Texas nonprofit farm groups provide health benefits to their members and families without being classified as an insurance company. It requires the group to tell applicants that the benefits are not insurance, limits any waiting period for pre‑existing conditions to six months, and permits the group to shift risk to a licensed insurer while still not being considered an insurer.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a Texas nonprofit farm organization offer health benefits without being an insurance company?", "What types of organizations qualify as a nonprofit agricultural organization under this law?", "Who is eligible to receive the health benefits offered by a nonprofit agricultural organization?", "Is there a waiting period for pre‑existing conditions, and how long can it be?", "What written notice must the organization give before I can enroll in the health benefits?", "Do I have to sign a document to join the health benefits, and what happens to that document?", "Can the organization contract with an insurance company to cover its health benefit risks?", "Are the health benefits considered insurance under Texas law?", "Does the organization need to be based in Texas and have existed before 1940 to offer these benefits?", "What does it mean that the organization is not engaged in the business of health insurance?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-nonprofit-agricultural-health", "preexisting-condition-waiting", "insurance-disclosure", "risk-transfer", "member-eligibility" ], "synonyms": [ "nonprofit farm group health benefits", "agricultural organization health plans", "Texas nonprofit agricultural health coverage", "farm association health benefits", "non‑insurance health benefits for farmers" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1683", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1683. HEALTH BENEFITS PROVIDED BY CERTAIN POSTSECONDARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1683.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1683.json", "summary": "This chapter lets colleges and universities in Texas provide health benefits to students and their families that are not insurance. It says schools can offer these benefits without forcing enrollment, limits waiting periods for pre‑existing conditions, requires clear disclosures, mandates state registration, and sets financial and actuarial safeguards.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my college require me to enroll in its health benefit program?", "What kind of health benefits can a post‑secondary school offer that aren’t insurance?", "Are the health benefits offered by a college considered insurance under Texas law?", "How long can a school make me wait before coverage for a pre‑existing condition starts?", "What notice must a school give me before I can join its health benefits?", "Do colleges have to register with the state to provide these health benefits?", "Can a college transfer the risk of its health benefits to an insurance company?", "What financial reserves or insurance must a school maintain for its health benefits?", "Do family members of students qualify for the school’s health benefits?", "What paperwork do I need to sign to enroll in a college‑offered health benefit?" ], "issue_tags": [ "higher-education-health-benefits", "preexisting-condition-waiting", "non-insurance-disclosure", "college-health-plan-registration", "actuarial-soundness", "risk-transfer" ], "synonyms": [ "college health benefits", "university health plans", "student health coverage", "higher education health benefits", "campus health programs", "non‑insurance student health benefits" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1693", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1693. QUALIFIED HEALTH PLAN IDENTIFICATION CARDS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1693.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1693.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for the ID cards that health insurers must give to people who buy qualified health plans through the exchange. The cards must display the letters “QHP” and follow any other state or federal labeling requirements. The Texas commissioner watches for changes in the federal definitions and can adopt new definitions or rules, and must report any decisions to the legislature.", "questions_answered": [ "What must be printed on a health insurance card for a qualified health plan bought through the exchange?", "Do I need a special identification card for my qualified health plan?", "What does the acronym “QHP” on my insurance card stand for?", "Can the Texas commissioner change the definition of a qualified health plan?", "How does Texas ensure that health plan cards are labeled correctly?", "Are there other laws that affect what information must appear on my health plan card?", "When does the commissioner have to report changes in definitions to the legislature?", "What rules can the commissioner adopt to enforce the card requirements?", "Will my health plan card look different if federal definitions are updated?", "Who decides if a new federal definition is in the best interest of Texas residents?" ], "issue_tags": [ "qualified-health-plan", "insurance-card", "texas-commissioner", "health-insurance", "regulatory-compliance", "identification-label" ], "synonyms": [ "Qualified Health Plan Identification Card requirements", "QHP card labeling rules", "Texas health plan ID card law", "Qualified health plan issuer disclosure", "QHP identification mandate" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1695", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1695. LEGISLATIVE CONSIDERATIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1695.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1695.json", "summary": "This chapter states that Texas does not consider the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) to be a constitutional exercise of Congress's power. It is a legislative disclaimer rather than an endorsement of the law's constitutionality.", "questions_answered": [ "Does Texas recognize the Affordable Care Act as constitutional?", "What is Texas's official position on the legality of the ACA?", "Has the Texas legislature affirmed the ACA's constitutionality?", "Is the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act considered valid under Texas law?", "What does Chapter 1695 say about the ACA's constitutional status?", "Does Texas acknowledge the ACA as a proper use of federal power?", "How does Texas law treat the Affordable Care Act?", "Is there a Texas statute that comments on the ACA's constitutionality?", "What legislative language addresses the ACA in Texas statutes?", "Does Texas law declare the ACA unconstitutional?" ], "issue_tags": [ "constitutional", "affordable-care-act", "texas-legislation", "health-insurance", "legislative-disclaimer" ], "synonyms": [ "ACA constitutional disclaimer", "Texas stance on the Affordable Care Act", "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act legislative note", "Texas legislative consideration of ACA" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1696", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1696. COVERAGE FOR ELECTIVE ABORTION; PROHIBITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1696.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1696.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas that health insurance plans sold through the federal or state health benefit exchanges cannot include coverage for elective abortions. People are still allowed to buy separate or supplemental abortion coverage, but it must be outside of those exchange‑offered qualified plans.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a health insurance plan I buy on the ACA marketplace cover an elective abortion?", "Am I allowed to add abortion coverage to my exchange‑offered health plan?", "What does \"elective abortion\" mean under Texas law?", "Can I purchase separate abortion coverage if my plan is from the health benefit exchange?", "Do qualified health plans have to exclude abortion coverage?", "Is it possible to get abortion coverage through a non‑exchange health plan?", "What is a health benefit exchange and how does it affect my insurance options?", "Are there any insurance plans that can cover elective abortions in Texas?", "Do emergency abortions count as elective abortions for insurance purposes?", "Can I get supplemental abortion coverage in addition to my regular health plan?" ], "issue_tags": [ "abortion-coverage", "health-insurance", "aca-marketplace", "supplemental-insurance", "texas-health-law" ], "synonyms": [ "elective abortion insurance restriction", "ACA marketplace abortion prohibition", "health benefit exchange abortion rule", "Texas abortion coverage law", "coverage for elective abortions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1698", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1698. RATES FOR CERTAIN COVERAGE", "url": "/statutes/IN/1698.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1698.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas how the insurance commissioner must review and approve premium rates for individual health plans and small employer health plans. It sets out the factors the commissioner looks at—like risk pooling, benefit design, consumer purchasing power, plan level, and inflation—and gives the commissioner authority to create rules and seek federal funding. The chapter also lets insurers offer different plan designs in different rating areas while still meeting federal actuarial standards.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas decide if a health insurance premium is too high?", "What factors does the state consider when approving rate changes for individual health plans?", "Can insurers offer different plan designs in different regions of Texas?", "Does Texas require health plans to follow federal actuarial values for cost‑sharing?", "Who is responsible for reviewing health insurance rates in Texas?", "What is a small employer health benefit plan and how are its rates regulated?", "How does the state handle premium subsidies and the impact on plan rates?", "Can wellness programs or risk‑adjustment participation affect the rates insurers can charge?", "What role does federal funding play in the rate‑review process?", "What is the process for the commissioner to evaluate compliance with risk‑adjustment programs?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-insurance-rates", "premium-review", "individual-health-plans", "small-employer-plans", "risk-adjustment", "plan-design", "federal-compliance" ], "synonyms": [ "Rate Review Rules", "Health Benefit Plan Premium Regulations", "Individual and Small Group Health Plan Rate Guidelines", "Texas Insurance Rate Oversight", "Premium Rate Approval Process" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1701", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1701. POLICY FORMS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1701.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1701.json", "summary": "Chapter 1701 sets the rules for how Texas insurers must file, get approved, and use the forms for policies, contracts, applications, riders, and related documents. It tells who must file, what certifications and fees are required, how long approval takes, when exemptions apply, and what happens if a form is disapproved. The chapter also covers non‑insurance benefits in policies and bans discretionary clauses that limit claimants' rights.", "questions_answered": [ "Do insurance companies have to file their policy forms with the Texas Department of Insurance before using them?", "What types of insurance documents are covered by the filing and approval rules?", "Can an insurer use a policy form without a certification from an attorney, actuary, or CEO?", "How long does an insurer have to file a policy form before it can be used?", "What are the fees for filing a new or amended insurance form in Texas?", "When can the commissioner exempt a document from the filing requirements?", "What must an insurer do if a policy form is disapproved by the commissioner?", "Are there any special rules for non‑insurance benefits that are included in a policy?", "Can a policy form contain a discretionary clause that limits a claimant’s right to appeal?", "What sanctions can the commissioner impose if an insurer uses an unapproved form?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-policy-forms", "filing-approval", "noninsurance-benefits", "discretionary-clauses", "sanctions" ], "synonyms": [ "Policy Form Filing Requirements", "Insurance Form Approval Rules", "Texas Insurance Document Regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1702", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1702. REGULATION OF CERTAIN TRADE PRACTICES", "url": "/statutes/IN/1702.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1702.json", "summary": "This chapter creates uniform rules that stop insurers and their agents from offering illegal rebates, inducements, or discriminatory treatment in life, annuity, accident, and health insurance. It also sets standards for allowed value‑added services, modest gifts, raffles, and wellness discounts, and requires clear disclosure and consent for any tracking devices used.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an insurance company give me a free gift or raffle when I buy a life or health policy?", "Are premium rebates or special favors allowed as an inducement to purchase insurance?", "What kinds of promotional items can an insurer give me without violating the law?", "Can an insurer offer discounts for participating in wellness or disease‑prevention programs?", "What is a loss‑control or value‑added service, and can the insurer charge me for it?", "May an insurer or agent use a tracking device on me without my consent?", "Are insurers allowed to treat people differently on rates or benefits if they are in the same risk class?", "Do the rules apply to third‑party administrators that act on behalf of insurers?", "What exceptions let insurers give bonuses or premium abatements from surplus funds?", "Can an insurer give a non‑cash gift or charitable donation as part of marketing a policy?", "Are there limits on the value of gifts or items an insurer can provide?", "What documentation must an insurer keep to prove a value‑added service is offered fairly?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-rebates", "prohibited-inducements", "value-added-services", "nondiscrimination", "wellness-discounts", "promotional-gifts", "privacy-tracking" ], "synonyms": [ "Insurance trade practice regulations", "Prohibited rebates and inducements rules", "Value‑added service guidelines", "Insurance marketing restrictions", "Life and health insurance conduct standards" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1802", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1802. PROPERTY AND CASUALTY INSURANCE INITIATIVES TASK FORCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/1802.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1802.json", "summary": "This chapter lets the Texas Insurance Commissioner create a task force to explore ways to improve property and casualty insurance in the state. The group can look at partnerships with economic development programs, ways to boost minority participation among agents, tax breaks for insurers serving underserved areas, and consumer education to help people compare insurance options.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas plan to encourage more property and casualty insurance in low‑income neighborhoods?", "What can be done to increase minority representation among insurance agents?", "Can tax incentives be offered to insurers that write policies in underserved communities?", "Will the state coordinate insurance programs with the Texas Economic Development Bank?", "How might a consumer education program help Texans choose the right property or casualty insurance?", "What is the role of the Insurance Commissioner in setting up an insurance initiatives task force?", "Are there partnerships possible between insurance companies and Neighborhood Housing Service programs?", "What kinds of insurance initiatives are being studied by the state?", "How can the state make property and casualty insurance more accessible to small businesses?" ], "issue_tags": [ "property-insurance", "casualty-insurance", "minority-access", "tax-incentives", "consumer-education", "insurance-task-force" ], "synonyms": [ "Property and casualty insurance initiatives task force", "Texas insurance initiatives study group", "Insurance commissioner task force", "Insurance access and education program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1803", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1803. REPORTS OF INSURANCE COVERAGE FOR STATE AGENCIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/1803.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1803.json", "summary": "This chapter tells insurance companies they must inform the State Office of Risk Management before they sell any property, casualty, or liability insurance to a Texas state agency. The notice has to be given at least 30 days before the sale and may include copies of policies and forms. If an insurer does not follow the reporting rules, it can face penalties, and the office can create additional rules to enforce the process.", "questions_answered": [ "When do insurance companies have to notify the state about a new insurance policy for a state agency?", "What information must insurers provide to the State Office of Risk Management before a sale?", "Does the reporting deadline apply to contracts that go through competitive bidding?", "What types of insurers are required to report under this chapter?", "Can the State Office of Risk Management ask for copies of the insurance forms or policies?", "What happens if an insurer fails to submit the required report?", "Who decides what counts as a 'state agency' for these reporting purposes?", "Are there any rules or regulations that the State Office of Risk Management can adopt to enforce this reporting?", "Do the reporting requirements apply to both property and liability insurance?", "What penalties are possible for not complying with the reporting requirements?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-reporting", "state-agency", "risk-management", "compliance", "sanctions", "insurance-contracts" ], "synonyms": [ "Insurance coverage reporting for state agencies", "State agency insurance reporting requirements", "Reporting insurance sales to the State Office of Risk Management", "Insurance reporting obligations", "State Office of Risk Management reporting rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1804", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1804. RATES AND FORMS FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE PROJECTS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1804.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1804.json", "summary": "This chapter gives the Texas Insurance Commissioner authority to create special insurance rates and rating plans for casualty coverage like workers' compensation and auto insurance, as well as special forms and rates for material‑damage policies such as fire and windstorm insurance, but only when they are used on a national defense project in Texas. The rules can be applied to each type of insurance separately or together, and the commissioner can adopt additional rules to put the special rates and forms into effect.", "questions_answered": [ "Can the state set different insurance rates for a military base construction project?", "Who decides the insurance pricing for workers' compensation on a national defense project?", "Are there special insurance forms for fire coverage on a defense‑related building?", "Does the Texas Insurance Commissioner have the power to change auto insurance rates for a defense project?", "Can separate special rates be created for each type of insurance on a defense project?", "What rules apply to material‑damage insurance on a national defense site?", "How are special rating plans for casualty insurance implemented on defense projects?", "Is there a process for the commissioner to adopt rules for special insurance rates?", "Do special insurance forms apply only to projects that are part of national defense?", "Can the commissioner combine special rates for multiple insurance lines on a defense project?" ], "issue_tags": [ "national-defense-insurance", "special-rates", "insurance-forms", "casualty-insurance", "material-damage", "texas-insurance-commissioner" ], "synonyms": [ "special insurance rates for defense projects", "national defense project insurance rules", "Texas insurance commissioner special rates", "defense‑related insurance forms", "special rating plans for defense work" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1805", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1805. JOINT UNDERWRITING AND ADVISORY ORGANIZATIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1805.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1805.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for Texas insurance advisory organizations and joint underwriting groups. It explains how to apply for a license, what data must be reported to the insurance commissioner, and the limits on providing rate recommendations. It also gives the commissioner authority to audit, review filings, and discipline organizations that break the rules.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I apply for a license for an insurance advisory organization in Texas?", "What fee is required to obtain an advisory organization license?", "What types of information must an advisory organization submit to the Texas insurance commissioner?", "How often must an advisory organization file reports with the commissioner?", "Can an insurer use rate recommendations from an advisory organization?", "What activities are prohibited for advisory organizations and joint underwriting groups?", "What disciplinary actions can the commissioner take against an advisory organization?", "Does the commissioner have the power to audit an advisory organization’s data and methods?", "Can the Texas commissioner accept an out‑of‑state examination report for an advisory organization?", "What authority does the commissioner have to review an insurer’s rate filing that relies on advisory organization data?", "Are there any restrictions on insurers sharing profit or expense recommendations with advisory organizations?", "What happens if an advisory organization’s practices conflict with other Texas insurance statutes?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-insurance", "advisory-organization", "licensing", "data-reporting", "rate-filing", "compliance", "audit" ], "synonyms": [ "Joint Underwriting and Advisory Organizations Act", "Texas Insurance Advisory Organization regulations", "Advisory organization licensing rules", "Joint underwriting rules", "Insurance commissioner advisory provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1806", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1806. PROHIBITED PRACTICES AND REBATES RELATED TO POLICIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/1806.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1806.json", "summary": "This chapter sets Texas rules that stop insurers and their agents from giving rebates, discounts, or other inducements that aren't spelled out in the policy, and it bans unfair discrimination among policyholders. It also outlines when profit sharing with policyholders is allowed, how promotional items up to $25 can be given, and the penalties for violating these rules. The chapter applies to automobile, casualty, fire, and related insurance lines, and includes special provisions for military service members and nonprofit business associations.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an insurance agent give me a discount or rebate that isn’t written in my policy?", "Is it illegal for an insurer to offer a special favor or advantage in dividends or premiums?", "What counts as an unlawful inducement or rebate under Texas law?", "Are insurers allowed to share profits with policyholders, and if so, how must it be done?", "Do insurers need state approval to give policyholder dividends that exceed a certain amount of surplus?", "Can an insurer give me a promotional item worth $25 or less when I buy a policy?", "What are the rules for insurers offering loss‑control services for free or at a discount?", "What penalties apply if I accept a rebate or other inducement from an insurer?", "Are there special profit‑sharing rules for policyholders who are active‑duty military members?", "Can a nonprofit business association’s members receive profit sharing from an insurer?" ], "issue_tags": [ "prohibited-practices", "rebates", "profit-sharing", "insurance-discrimination", "promotional-items", "enforcement", "loss-control-services" ], "synonyms": [ "rebating rules", "unfair insurance practices", "Texas insurance rebate prohibition", "profit sharing regulations", "insurance promotional item rules", "insurance discrimination prohibitions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1807", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1807. APPLICABILITY TO MARINE INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/1807.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1807.json", "summary": "This chapter defines what counts as marine insurance in Texas, including coverage for ships, cargo, and related property and interests. It also lists the types of property that can be insured, such as goods, money, and securities. The chapter says many standard insurance statutes don’t apply to marine insurance, except for certain farm and county mutual insurers.", "questions_answered": [ "What kinds of property can be insured under Texas marine insurance?", "Does marine insurance cover a ship’s hull and other vessels?", "Are cargo, merchandise, and valuable papers included in marine insurance coverage?", "What does the term 'marine insurance' mean in Texas law?", "Do the usual insurance regulations apply to marine insurance policies?", "Which insurance statutes are specifically excluded from applying to marine insurance?", "Are there any exceptions to those exclusions for certain insurers?", "Do farm mutual insurance companies have special rules under this chapter?", "Can a county mutual insurance company use marine insurance without following the excluded statutes?", "Does marine insurance cover risks like war or transport delays?", "Is insurance for marine builders or repairers covered by this definition?", "How does Texas law treat marine insurance for goods in transit on land or air?" ], "issue_tags": [ "marine-insurance", "insurable-property", "applicability", "insurance-regulation", "exceptions", "mutual-insurers" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas marine insurance rules", "marine insurance applicability", "marine insurance definition", "marine coverage statutes", "marine insurance scope" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1810", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1810. PROMOTIONAL EVENT PRIZE PROGRAMS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1810.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1810.json", "summary": "This chapter explains what a promotional event prize program is—a written contract for marketing that shifts monetary risk but is not insurance. It makes clear that such programs are not covered by the state insurance guaranty association. It also prohibits marketing or describing these programs as insurance.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a promotional event prize program?", "Is a sweepstakes or contest considered insurance in Texas?", "Are prize program contracts covered by the Texas insurance guaranty association?", "Can I market a prize giveaway as insurance?", "Do I need an insurance license to run a promotional prize program?", "What makes a prize program different from an insurance policy?", "Are claims under a prize program protected like insurance claims?", "Can a prize program require proof of economic loss to trigger payment?", "What disclosures are required for a promotional prize contract?", "Is it illegal to describe a contest as insurance?" ], "issue_tags": [ "promotional-event-prize", "insurance-definition", "guaranty-association", "marketing-restrictions", "texas-insurance-law" ], "synonyms": [ "promotional prize program", "sweepstakes contract", "contest prize agreement", "marketing prize scheme", "prize giveaway program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1811", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1811. CERTIFICATES OF PROPERTY AND CASUALTY INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/1811.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1811.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for issuing certificates of insurance for property and casualty coverage in Texas. It requires insurers and agents to use department‑approved forms, prohibits altering policy terms or providing false information, and clarifies that a certificate is only a summary, not a policy. The chapter also outlines filing fees, public inspection, and enforcement actions for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a certificate of insurance be used as proof that a policy has been issued?", "Do I need a special, department‑approved form to issue a certificate of insurance in Texas?", "Can a certificate of insurance give me rights that the underlying policy does not provide?", "What happens if a certificate of insurance contains false or misleading information?", "Who is considered a certificate holder under Texas law?", "Is there a fee for filing a new or amended certificate of insurance form?", "Can a lender require a certificate of insurance instead of a policy statement for a loan?", "What penalties can an insurer or agent face for violating the certificate rules?", "Am I allowed to change or modify an approved certificate of insurance form on my own?", "Does a certificate of insurance have to include the phrase “for information purposes only”?", "Can a certificate of insurance reference requirements from other contracts, like a construction contract?", "What does it mean if a certificate of insurance is void under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "certificate-of-insurance", "property-casualty", "insurance-forms", "regulatory-compliance", "texas-insurance-law", "insurer-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "certificate of insurance rules", "property and casualty certificate regulations", "Texas insurance certificate requirements", "COI regulations", "insurance certificate filing rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1812", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1812. AVAILABILITY OF SPECIMEN POLICIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/1812.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1812.json", "summary": "This chapter defines a \"specimen policy\" as a standard insurance form without personal data and requires insurers to post such forms online for certain types of insurance. Insurers must tell policyholders where to find the form, how to get a free copy, keep the form easily printable, and retain it for at least five years after the policy ends.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my auto or property insurer put my policy form on their website?", "How do I get a free copy of the insurance form my policy is based on?", "What notice must my insurer give me about an online specimen policy?", "What types of insurance are covered by the specimen policy posting rule?", "How long does an insurer have to keep a copy of the specimen policy?", "In what format must the online policy form be available for me to save or print?", "What should I do if my insurer changes the specimen policy during my coverage?", "Can I request a printed copy of the specimen policy at no charge?", "Does the Office of Public Insurance Counsel also post insurer specimen policies online?", "What information is required on my policy’s declarations page about the specimen policy?" ], "issue_tags": [ "specimen-policy", "insurance-forms", "online-access", "policy-notice", "record-retention", "consumer-rights" ], "synonyms": [ "standardized insurance forms", "online policy forms", "insurance specimen policy rules", "policy form posting requirements", "specimen policy availability" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1813", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1813. APPRAISAL OF DISPUTED LOSSES", "url": "/statutes/IN/1813.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1813.json", "summary": "This chapter requires Texas personal auto and residential property insurance policies to include an appraisal clause that resolves disagreements over the amount of loss. It sets rules for how the appraisal is carried out, including timelines, qualifications of appraisers and umpires, and makes the appraisal award binding except for fraud or mistakes. The rules do not apply to windstorm insurance or commercial policies.", "questions_answered": [ "What is an appraisal clause in my car or home insurance policy?", "When must an insurance company include an appraisal provision?", "How does the appraisal process work if I dispute the loss amount with my insurer?", "What types of insurance policies are covered by this appraisal rule?", "Are windstorm or commercial insurance policies subject to the appraisal requirement?", "How long does an appraisal have to be completed after it is started?", "Who chooses the appraisers and umpires for the appraisal?", "Is the appraisal award final, or can the insurer still contest it?", "What happens if fraud is discovered during the appraisal?", "Can I request an appraisal if I think my insurer underpaid my claim?" ], "issue_tags": [ "appraisal-process", "disputed-loss", "auto-insurance", "homeowners-insurance", "insurance-claims", "texas-law" ], "synonyms": [ "appraisal clause", "loss appraisal provision", "insurance appraisal process", "disputed loss appraisal", "appraisal dispute resolution" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1901", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1901. PROFESSIONAL LIABILITY INSURANCE FOR PHYSICIANS AND HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1901.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1901.json", "summary": "This chapter establishes the rules for professional liability (malpractice) insurance that insurers can sell to doctors, hospitals, and other health care providers in Texas. It defines who is covered, sets standards for how rates are calculated and reviewed, requires annual reporting, and outlines special provisions for nursing homes, volunteer providers, and coverage of exemplary damages. Insurers must use standardized policy forms and cannot use certain information, like dismissed lawsuits or Medicaid patient volume, to set premiums.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is considered a health care provider under Texas professional liability insurance rules?", "What types of entities can sell malpractice insurance to physicians and health care providers?", "How must insurers calculate and set rates for medical malpractice coverage?", "Can an insurer raise a doctor's premium based on a lawsuit that was dismissed before trial?", "What notice must an insurer give a doctor before increasing premiums or canceling a policy?", "Are insurers allowed to consider how many Medicaid patients a provider serves when pricing insurance?", "What best practices must nursing homes follow to affect their malpractice insurance rates?", "Can a volunteer health care provider obtain professional liability insurance in Texas?", "What steps can a physician take to appeal a premium rate they think is unfair?", "What information must insurers report annually to the Texas insurance commissioner?", "Are insurers permitted to use absolute (uniform) rates for medical liability insurance?", "Is coverage for exemplary damages allowed in malpractice policies for doctors and hospitals?" ], "issue_tags": [ "professional-liability-insurance", "rate-setting", "reporting-requirements", "nursing-home-practices", "volunteer-provider-coverage", "premium-appeals", "policy-forms", "exemplary-damages" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas medical malpractice insurance rules", "professional liability insurance chapter", "health care provider liability insurance regulations", "Insurance Code Chapter 1901", "medical professional liability standards" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1902", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1902. CERTAIN LIABILITY COVERAGE FOR PHYSICIANS AND HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1902.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1902.json", "summary": "This chapter says that doctors and other health‑care providers are treated as vendors for insurance purposes, so they can be covered under a manufacturer’s general liability or products liability policy that includes a vendor endorsement. It also bars insurers from excluding or limiting that coverage for physicians or health‑care providers.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a physician be covered by a manufacturer’s liability insurance?", "Does Texas law treat health‑care providers as vendors for insurance purposes?", "Can an insurer refuse to cover a doctor under a vendor endorsement?", "What limits can an insurer place on coverage for a health‑care provider under a vendor endorsement?", "Do manufacturers have to include physicians in their liability policies?", "What is a vendor endorsement in the context of medical liability insurance?", "Will my malpractice policy be affected by this chapter?", "Are there any exclusions that apply to doctors under a vendor endorsement?", "How does Texas define “physician” for insurance coverage?", "When does this coverage apply to health‑care providers?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-insurance", "physician-liability", "vendor-endorsement", "coverage-exclusions", "health-care-provider" ], "synonyms": [ "Physician vendor coverage", "Health care provider liability insurance", "Texas Insurance Code Chapter 1902", "Vendor endorsement coverage for doctors", "Liability coverage for medical providers" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1903", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1903. LOSS CONTROL INFORMATION AND SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/IN/1903.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1903.json", "summary": "This chapter tells insurers that sell professional liability coverage to hospitals and other health providers that they must offer loss‑control services or information that matches the insured's risks. It sets qualifications for the people who provide those services and gives the insurance commissioner power to enforce the rules and impose penalties. The chapter also shields insurers from being sued over the loss‑control work they do, and the information they share with insureds cannot be used as evidence in court.", "questions_answered": [ "Do insurers have to provide loss control services when they write malpractice insurance for a hospital?", "What kind of loss control services must an insurer offer to a hospital’s professional liability policy?", "Who can perform the loss control work for an insurer – employees, contractors, or the hospital itself?", "What qualifications are required for a loss control professional under this law?", "What happens if an insurer fails to provide the required loss control services or information?", "Can the insurance commissioner impose penalties on insurers that don’t follow these loss control rules?", "Are insurers protected from lawsuits if a loss control program doesn’t prevent an accident?", "Is the loss control information that an insurer gives to a hospital usable as evidence in a civil case?", "Do these loss control requirements apply to excess coverage policies issued by the Texas Medical Liability Insurance Underwriting Association?", "Can the commissioner create rules to enforce the loss control provisions?" ], "issue_tags": [ "loss-control", "professional-liability", "hospital-insurance", "insurer-compliance", "civil-immunity", "insurance-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "loss control services requirements", "insurance loss control provisions", "hospital malpractice loss control rules", "professional liability loss control mandates", "insurer loss control obligations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1951", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1951. GENERAL PROVISIONS: AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/1951.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1951.json", "summary": "This chapter tells how Texas sets personal and commercial auto insurance rates and lets the insurance commissioner create rules to enforce those provisions. It requires rating plans to include a classification for former military vehicles used in exhibitions or similar activities. It also creates misdemeanor penalties for insurers or their representatives who break these rules.", "questions_answered": [ "How are personal and commercial auto insurance rates determined in Texas?", "Who has the authority to adopt rules for automobile insurance?", "What rules apply to rating plans for antique or former military vehicles?", "Do former military vehicles need a special insurance classification?", "What penalties do insurers face if they violate auto insurance regulations?", "Can the insurance commissioner create new rules for auto insurance?", "What is the minimum fine for an insurer who breaks the rate rules?", "Are there specific provisions for commercial automobile insurance rates?", "What sections of the law must insurers follow for auto insurance?", "How does Texas law treat rating plans that include vehicles used in exhibitions?" ], "issue_tags": [ "automobile-insurance", "rate-determination", "commissioner-rules", "former-military-vehicles", "insurance-penalties", "regulatory-compliance" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas auto insurance regulations", "automobile insurance rate rules", "insurance commissioner authority", "former military vehicle insurance classification", "auto insurance misdemeanor penalties" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1952", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1952. POLICY PROVISIONS AND FORMS FOR AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/1952.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1952.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules Texas insurers must follow when writing automobile insurance policies. It defines required minimum coverage, approved policy forms, disclosures, and special provisions for things like new vehicles, temporary vehicles, spouse separation, and personal injury protection. It also bans certain clauses, mandates uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage, and outlines rights for repair shops and limits on named‑driver policies.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the minimum auto insurance coverage I must have in Texas?", "Can a short‑term (less than 30 days) auto policy be used to get a driver’s license or vehicle registration?", "What disclosures must an insurer give me for a policy that lasts less than 30 days?", "Can my insurer give me a certificate of insurance instead of a full policy?", "What coverage is required if I buy a new car while my policy is still in effect?", "What insurance is needed for a temporary vehicle I get from a repair shop?", "Is uninsured or underinsured motorist coverage mandatory in Texas auto policies?", "What does personal injury protection cover and how much can it pay?", "Can an insurer exclude certain drivers from my auto policy, and how must that be done?", "What rights do I have when choosing a repair shop or parts for my car after a claim?", "What happens to my coverage if I separate from my spouse while still insured?", "Where can I file a complaint if an insurer violates these auto insurance rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "automobile-insurance", "policy-forms", "minimum-coverage", "uninsured-underinsured", "personal-injury-protection", "temporary-vehicles", "repair-rights", "named-driver-policy" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas auto insurance policy rules", "automobile insurance policy provisions", "auto insurance forms and coverage requirements", "Insurance Code Chapter 1952", "Texas automobile insurance regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1953", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1953. RATE REGULATION AND RATEMAKING FOR AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/1953.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1953.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas insurers how they can set prices for car insurance and what they cannot use to change those prices. It bans using traffic violations, inquiries, or unpaid claims to raise premiums, and it requires a surcharge for drivers convicted of DUI offenses for up to three years, with extensions for repeat offenses. The chapter also requires insurers to regularly report loss and expense data to the state and lets the state share that information with other states.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my auto insurer raise my premium because I was charged with a traffic violation?", "Can an insurer increase my rates just because I asked for a quote or made a claim that wasn’t paid?", "What surcharge can be added to my car insurance if I’m convicted of a DUI?", "How long does a DUI surcharge stay on my auto insurance policy?", "What happens to the surcharge if I get another DUI conviction while it’s in effect?", "Are there types of car insurance that are excluded from these rate‑setting rules?", "What loss and expense information must my auto insurer report to the state?", "Can the Texas insurance commissioner decide which rating laws apply to a particular class of auto insurance?", "Is the state allowed to share my insurer’s loss data with insurance regulators in other states?", "Can the commissioner require my insurer to submit sworn statements about its risk classifications?" ], "issue_tags": [ "auto-insurance-rate-regulation", "dui-surcharge", "rating-plan-prohibitions", "loss-data-reporting", "insurance-commissioner", "rating-exclusions" ], "synonyms": [ "automobile insurance rating rules", "auto insurance rate making", "Texas auto insurance surcharge regulations", "insurance rate regulation chapter", "automobile insurance pricing statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "1954", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 1954. INSURANCE FOR TRANSPORTATION NETWORK COMPANY DRIVERS", "url": "/statutes/IN/1954.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/1954.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas rideshare drivers what auto insurance they must carry when they’re logged into a ride‑hailing app and when they’re actually transporting a passenger. It sets minimum liability limits, explains how personal policies may be excluded, and requires the platform to disclose its insurance coverage. The rules also apply to self‑driving cars used for rides and say the rideshare company must step in if a driver’s own policy lapses.", "questions_answered": [ "What insurance do I need as a rideshare driver in Texas?", "What are the minimum liability limits I must have when I’m logged into the app but not driving a passenger?", "What coverage is required while I’m actually giving a ride to a rider?", "Can my personal auto insurance cover rides I give through a rideshare app?", "What happens if my insurance policy lapses while I’m driving for a rideshare company?", "Does the rideshare company have to provide insurance if my own policy doesn’t meet the requirements?", "Do autonomous (self‑driving) vehicles used for rides need to follow the same insurance rules as human drivers?", "What insurance disclosures must the rideshare company give me before I accept a ride request?", "Do I need to carry proof of insurance when I’m logged on to the rideshare platform?", "How are uninsured or underinsured motorist coverage and personal injury protection handled for rideshare drivers?" ], "issue_tags": [ "rideshare-insurance", "personal-vehicle-coverage", "liability-limits", "insurance-disclosure", "automated-vehicle", "insurance-exclusion" ], "synonyms": [ "rideshare driver insurance requirements", "transportation network company driver insurance", "gig‑economy auto insurance rules", "app‑based ride insurance", "personal vehicle rideshare coverage" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2001", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2001. GENERAL PROVISIONS: FIRE INSURANCE AND ALLIED LINES, INCLUDING RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/2001.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2001.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for fire and related insurance policies in Texas, specifying which policies must follow it and how rates are determined. It gives the insurance commissioner power to collect data, inspect insurer records, require sworn statements, and enforce compliance, including penalties. The chapter also outlines reporting duties for fire loss investigations and requires a public guide on commercial property rating.", "questions_answered": [ "Which insurance policies have to follow Texas fire insurance rules?", "How are fire insurance rates set in Texas?", "Can the insurance commissioner inspect an insurer's books and records?", "What information must an insurer provide to fire officials after a fire loss over $1,000?", "What penalties apply if an insurer or its officers violate fire insurance laws?", "Do fire insurance companies have to give the state data such as maps or inspection reports?", "Is there a public guide that explains how commercial buildings are rated for fire insurance?", "Can an insurer be criminally charged for not complying with fire insurance regulations?", "What records can the commissioner request from an insurer or its agents?", "Is there a limit on how much the state can spend on fire insurance enforcement activities?", "Are fire insurance companies required to report details of fire losses that exceed a certain amount?", "What immunity protections exist for people who testify about fire insurance matters?" ], "issue_tags": [ "fire-insurance", "insurance-regulation", "rate-setting", "insurer-inspections", "fire-loss-reporting", "penalties", "public-guide" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas fire insurance statutes", "fire and allied lines insurance chapter", "fire insurance general provisions", "Texas fire insurance regulations", "fire insurance compliance rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2002", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2002. POLICY PROVISIONS AND FORMS FOR FIRE INSURANCE AND ALLIED LINES, INCLUDING RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/2002.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2002.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for fire and residential property insurance policies in Texas. It tells insurers how they must handle any material changes, what notices must be given to policyholders and agents, and bans certain lien and coinsurance provisions. It also requires specific language for spouse coverage, outlines jewelry coverage options, and mandates a flood‑coverage disclosure. Finally, it governs how premiums are explained and what risks are covered under these policies.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my insurer change my fire or homeowners policy without my permission?", "What notice must I receive if my insurance coverage is being reduced or altered?", "Are liens on my property allowed in a fire or residential insurance policy?", "Do I need separate flood insurance even if I have a homeowners policy?", "How is my jewelry covered under a Texas homeowners insurance policy?", "Can an insurer force me to carry more insurance than the amount stated in my policy?", "What happens to my coverage if I get divorced or change ownership of my home?", "What types of weather‑related or other risks are covered by fire insurance?", "Will my insurer give me a written breakdown of how my premium is calculated?", "What information must insurers provide to their agents about policy changes?" ], "issue_tags": [ "fire-insurance", "residential-property", "policy-changes", "disclosure-requirements", "flood-notice", "coinsurance-prohibition", "jewelry-coverage", "spouse-coverage" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas fire insurance regulations", "Residential property insurance forms", "Homeowners policy provisions", "Policy change notice rules", "Fire and allied lines insurance statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2003", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2003. PROCEDURES FOR EVALUATING FIRE LOSS RISK", "url": "/statutes/IN/2003.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2003.json", "summary": "This chapter tells how Texas gathers and uses fire loss data to set fair insurance rates, gives credits to cities and homeowners who lower fire hazards, creates yearly lists of insured fire losses for each municipality, and sets up a voluntary inspection program for residential property insurance. It also covers how fire suppression ratings are handled for towns that share services across state borders.", "questions_answered": [ "How does the state collect information on fire losses each year?", "Can my city receive a credit for reducing fire hazards or adding fire‑fighting equipment?", "What credit can I get on my insurance if I install a new fire hydrant or use foam technology?", "How are fire suppression ratings determined for municipalities that share fire services with neighboring states or Mexico?", "What information will my municipality get about insured fire and lightning losses?", "Is there a fee for the state to provide the fire loss list to my city?", "Who is allowed to perform a voluntary fire inspection for my home?", "What does a fire inspection certificate mean for getting residential property insurance?", "Can an insurer refuse to insure my home if I have an inspection certificate?", "What standards are used to decide if a property is insurable under the voluntary inspection program?" ], "issue_tags": [ "fire-loss-data", "insurance-credits", "municipal-fire-records", "voluntary-inspections", "fire-hazard-reduction", "border-fire-suppression" ], "synonyms": [ "fire loss risk evaluation procedures", "fire loss data collection", "fire hazard credit program", "municipal fire loss lists", "voluntary property inspection program", "fire suppression rating for border municipalities", "Texas fire insurance risk assessment" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2004", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2004. RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY INSURANCE IN UNDERSERVED AREAS", "url": "/statutes/IN/2004.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2004.json", "summary": "This chapter defines residential property insurance and gives the Texas Insurance Commissioner the power to label certain regions as underserved for home insurance. In those areas, insurers must offer a standard set of fire and allied lines coverages using specific policy forms, but they cannot add windstorm or hail coverage that belongs to another chapter. Premiums for these policies are exempt from certain taxes and are priced according to normal insurance rules. The commissioner must review and update the underserved designations at least every six years.", "questions_answered": [ "What is residential property insurance under Texas law?", "How does Texas decide which neighborhoods are considered underserved for home insurance?", "What types of coverage must insurers offer in an underserved area?", "Can insurers add windstorm or hail coverage to these policies?", "Are premiums for these policies taxed differently than other insurance premiums?", "How often does the state review the list of underserved areas?", "What policy forms must be used for residential property insurance in underserved areas?", "Do insurance agents have to offer the full range of coverages to homeowners in underserved areas?", "Which insurers are allowed to write residential property insurance under this chapter?", "How are rates for these policies determined?" ], "issue_tags": [ "residential-insurance", "underserved-areas", "policy-forms", "coverage-exclusions", "insurance-rates", "premium-tax-exemption" ], "synonyms": [ "Residential Property Insurance in Underserved Areas", "Homeowners insurance for underserved regions", "Underserved area home insurance program", "Texas residential insurance underserved", "Underserved area property coverage" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2005", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2005. HOME WARRANTY AND HOMEPROTECTION INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/2005.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2005.json", "summary": "This chapter defines two types of insurance for homeowners: home warranty insurance, which backs up a builder’s promise to fix defects, and home protection insurance, which covers loss of residential property. It lets insurers that sell fire or inland‑marine policies also offer these products, treats them like inland‑marine insurance, and limits home protection payouts to $2,000 per incident.", "questions_answered": [ "What is home warranty insurance and what does it cover?", "What is home protection insurance and how does it differ from a home warranty?", "Can a fire insurance company also sell home warranty or home protection policies?", "Are home warranty and home protection insurance considered inland‑marine insurance?", "What is the maximum amount a home protection policy will pay for a single loss?", "Who is allowed to provide home protection services or products?", "Do builders have to meet specific construction standards for warranty coverage?", "When did Texas start regulating home warranty and home protection insurance?", "Can a homeowner purchase home protection insurance for their house?", "What types of defects are covered by a home warranty policy?" ], "issue_tags": [ "home-warranty", "home-protection-insurance", "insurance-regulation", "coverage-limits", "builder-warranty", "inland-marine" ], "synonyms": [ "home warranty insurance", "home protection insurance", "residential warranty coverage", "home service insurance", "property loss protection", "builder warranty insurance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2006", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2006. PREMIUM RATE DISCOUNTS AND RATING PROGRAMS", "url": "/statutes/IN/2006.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2006.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas insurers give homeowners a lower premium if the house was built with an insulating concrete form (ICF) system, and it also creates a discount program for residential property policies that rewards policyholders who stay claim‑free for several years. The insurance commissioner sets the rules, determines the discount amounts, and can approve any variations that are actuarially justified. Inspections may be required, and discounts cannot exceed a set maximum.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I get a discount on my homeowner's insurance for having an insulated concrete wall system?", "What paperwork do I need to prove my house uses insulating concrete forms to qualify for a discount?", "Will I have to pay for an inspection to receive the ICF discount?", "How does Texas calculate a discount for homeowners who haven’t filed a claim in three years?", "Can the discount increase each year I stay claim‑free, and by how much?", "Do natural disaster claims (like hurricanes) affect the claim‑free discount?", "What is the maximum percentage discount I can receive on my residential property insurance?", "Can an insurer offer a discount that is higher or lower than the standard amount?", "Who decides what the discount rates are and can they change them?", "Do I need to stay with the same insurer or its affiliate for three years to qualify for the discount?", "Are there any limits on how many years I can keep increasing the discount?", "What types of residential property policies are covered by this discount program?" ], "issue_tags": [ "premium-discounts", "residential-property-insurance", "claim-free-discount", "insulating-concrete-forms", "insurance-commissioner-rules", "actuarial-justification" ], "synonyms": [ "ICF homeowner discount", "claim‑free premium discount", "loyalty discount for residential insurance", "optional premium discount program", "Texas insurance discount rules", "rating program approval" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2007", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2007. ASSESSMENT FOR RURAL FIRE PROTECTION", "url": "/statutes/IN/2007.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2007.json", "summary": "This chapter requires certain Texas insurers—those that sell homeowners, fire, farm, auto, and commercial multiple‑peril policies—to pay an annual assessment that helps fund volunteer fire departments. The amount each insurer pays is based on its share of net direct premiums compared to all insurers in the state, and the Comptroller collects the money with set deadlines. Insurers can recover the cost by reflecting it in rate filings or by charging policyholders, who must be notified of the charge.", "questions_answered": [ "Which insurance companies must pay the rural fire protection assessment?", "What types of insurance policies are covered by this assessment?", "How is the amount each insurer has to pay calculated?", "When does the Comptroller assess the insurers and when must they pay?", "Can an insurer pass the assessment cost on to its policyholders?", "What notice must policyholders receive about the assessment charge?", "What is the maximum total amount the state can collect each year?", "Where does the money collected from the assessment go?", "Who creates the rules that govern this assessment?", "How can an insurer recover the assessment in a rate filing?" ], "issue_tags": [ "rural-fire-assessment", "insurance-premium", "volunteer-fire-funding", "insurer-obligations", "assessment-payment", "policyholder-notice" ], "synonyms": [ "Rural Fire Protection Assessment", "Volunteer Fire Department Funding Assessment", "Texas Insurance Assessment for Fire Services", "Fire Insurance Assessment", "Rural Fire Funding Levy" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2008", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2008. COVERAGE FOR CERTAIN DAMAGETO PROPERTY BUILT WHOLLY OR PARTIALLY OVER WATER", "url": "/statutes/IN/2008.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2008.json", "summary": "This chapter lets certain Texas insurers add coverage to windstorm, hurricane, or hail policies for buildings that are built wholly or partially over water, as well as the personal property inside those buildings. Insurers can set appropriate coverage limits and deductibles for this type of protection.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I get homeowner's insurance for a house built on a pier or dock?", "Does my policy cover damage to a structure that is partially over water, like a waterfront condo?", "Will my insurance pay for personal belongings inside a building that sits over water?", "What kinds of wind, hurricane, or hail damage are covered for over‑water structures?", "Can an insurer set specific limits and deductibles for this type of coverage?", "Which insurers are allowed to offer this water‑over‑structure coverage under Texas law?", "Is flood insurance included in this coverage or is it separate?", "When did this coverage become available in Texas?", "Do I need a special endorsement to add water‑over‑structure coverage to my policy?", "Can I limit coverage to only the building, or does it automatically include movable property inside?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-coverage", "water-over-structures", "windstorm-hurricane", "property-insurance", "deductible-limits", "texas-insurance-law" ], "synonyms": [ "water‑over‑property insurance", "coverage for structures built over water", "waterfront building insurance", "insurance for homes on water", "policy for over‑water structures", "windstorm coverage for waterfront properties" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2051", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2051. GENERAL PROVISIONS: WORKERS' COMPENSATION INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/2051.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2051.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the basic rules for workers' compensation insurance in Texas. It tells insurers and employers what information must be shared, how claim notices are handled, and what actions are prohibited. It also outlines penalties for false statements, improper insurance practices, and violations by insurers or their agents.", "questions_answered": [ "What information does my business have to disclose to a workers' compensation insurer?", "Am I required to receive notice of every claim filed against my workers' comp policy?", "Can I waive the insurer's notice requirements for claims or settlements?", "What penalties apply if I lie or hide facts on a workers' compensation insurance application?", "Is it illegal for an insurer to make me buy other types of insurance to get workers' comp coverage?", "What extra costs might I owe if I get a lower premium by misrepresenting information?", "What fines or penalties can an insurer face for violating workers' compensation rules?", "What actions can the Texas insurance commissioner take against insurers or their agents who break the rules?", "What are the possible fines for company officers who violate workers' compensation insurance provisions?", "What rules can the commissioner create to enforce workers' compensation insurance laws?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-compensation", "insurance-disclosure", "claim-notice", "fraud-penalties", "insurer-conditions", "regulatory-compliance" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas workers' compensation insurance regulations", "workers' comp insurance rules", "workers' compensation insurance statutes", "Texas Insurance Code Chapter 2051", "workers' comp compliance requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2052", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2052. POLICY PROVISIONS AND FORMS FOR WORKERS' COMPENSATION INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/2052.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2052.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas workers' compensation insurers that they must use state‑approved standard policy forms and a uniform policy. Any extra contract or agreement not in the approved policy is void and can lead to loss of the insurer’s license. It also sets rules for paying policyholder dividends, requiring department approval when dividends exceed certain limits and ensuring proper reserve calculations.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a Texas workers' compensation insurer use its own custom policy form?", "What happens if a workers' comp policy includes a separate contract that isn’t in the approved form?", "Do workers' compensation insurers need department approval to pay dividends to policyholders?", "When must the Texas Department of Insurance approve a policyholder dividend?", "What defines an \"insurance company\" for workers' compensation purposes in Texas?", "What are the consequences if an insurer uses an unauthorized workers' comp form?", "Are participating (dividend‑paying) workers' compensation policies allowed in Texas?", "How are reserves calculated for workers' compensation insurers that want to pay dividends?", "Do insurers have to notify the department about dividend distributions that are under the 10% surplus threshold?", "What uniform policy requirements must a Texas workers' compensation insurer follow?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-compensation", "insurance-forms", "policy-dividends", "texas-insurance-regulation", "policy-approval", "insurance-company-definition" ], "synonyms": [ "standard workers' comp policy forms", "uniform workers' compensation insurance policy", "policyholder dividend rules", "Texas workers' comp insurance regulations", "workers' compensation policy provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2053", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2053. RATES FOR WORKERS' COMPENSATION INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/2053.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2053.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas insurers how to calculate, file, and get approval for workers' compensation insurance rates. It sets standards to keep rates fair, requires public disclosure of filings, and outlines hearings for disputes. The law also governs underwriting guidelines, hazard classifications, optional deductible plans, and premium discounts or surcharges for small employers.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas determine the cost of workers' compensation insurance premiums?", "How often can an insurer file a new workers' comp rate or rating information?", "What information must insurance companies submit to the Texas Department of Insurance for workers' comp rates?", "What can I do if I think a workers' compensation rate is excessive or discriminatory?", "What is the process for a hearing if a rate filing is disapproved?", "What are the underwriting guidelines that insurers must follow for workers' comp policies?", "How are hazards classified for workers' compensation insurance in Texas?", "What optional deductible plans are available for workers' compensation policies?", "What premium discounts are available for small employers without recent injuries?", "What surcharge applies to a small employer with multiple recent lost‑time injuries?", "Can a workers' compensation policy be cancelled if the rate is later disapproved?", "Are workers' compensation rate filings available to the public?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-compensation", "insurance-rates", "rate-filing", "underwriting-guidelines", "deductible-plans", "small-employer-discounts", "hazard-classification" ], "synonyms": [ "workers' comp rate filing rules", "Texas workers' compensation insurance rating", "workers' comp premium standards", "rate filing and approval process", "insurance rate filing statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2054", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2054. TEXAS MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY", "url": "/statutes/IN/2054.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2054.json", "summary": "This chapter establishes Texas Mutual Insurance Company as a state-owned workers' compensation insurer and sets out its purpose, powers, and responsibilities. It details how the board is formed, how rates are set, how coverage is provided (including as an insurer of last resort), and the processes for appeals, fraud investigations, safety requirements, and health benefit subsidiaries. The chapter also outlines reporting, public information, and compliance obligations.", "questions_answered": [ "What is Texas Mutual Insurance Company and what does it do?", "Who appoints and elects the board members of Texas Mutual?", "How are workers' compensation rates determined for Texas Mutual policies?", "Can Texas Mutual refuse to insure a workplace that pays the required premium?", "What is the process for appealing a denial, cancellation, or nonrenewal of coverage by Texas Mutual?", "What safety and injury prevention requirements does Texas Mutual enforce on policyholders?", "How does Texas Mutual investigate and handle suspected fraud in workers' compensation claims?", "What health benefit options can Texas Mutual offer through its subsidiaries?", "Are board members personally liable for actions taken on behalf of Texas Mutual?", "What reports and disclosures must Texas Mutual file with the state?", "How are investigation files and complaint records kept confidential?", "What are the rules for Texas Mutual’s insurance of last resort and premium-to-surplus ratios?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-compensation", "state-insurer", "board-governance", "insurance-rates", "fraud-prevention", "safety-consultation", "health-benefits", "appeals" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Mutual Insurance Company", "Texas Workers' Compensation Insurance Fund", "state workers' comp insurer", "Texas Mutual", "Texas Mutual workers' compensation insurer", "Texas Mutual insurance chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2055", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2055. GROUP PURCHASE OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION INSURANCE COVERAGE", "url": "/statutes/IN/2055.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2055.json", "summary": "This chapter lets two or more businesses or trade association members form a certified group to buy workers' compensation insurance together. The group must get a state certificate, adopt a written plan of operation, and can receive premium discounts that are shared among members. The group can purchase policies from any authorized insurer, and the rates are set by the department using standard rules.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my business join other businesses to buy workers' compensation insurance as a group?", "What kinds of businesses are allowed to form a workers' comp insurance group?", "How do I obtain a certificate of approval to create a workers' compensation group?", "What must be included in the group's plan of operation?", "Can a certified group get premium or volume discounts on workers' compensation policies?", "How are discounts or dividends divided among the members of the group?", "Which insurers can a certified group purchase workers' compensation policies from?", "Do group members still have to follow the usual workers' compensation rules and surcharges?", "What is the process for the department to certify a workers' compensation group?", "Are there any special rating or experience factors that apply to group policies?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-compensation", "group-insurance", "business-entities", "insurance-discounts", "certification-program", "plan-of-operation" ], "synonyms": [ "group workers' compensation purchase", "collective workers' comp insurance", "joint workers' compensation buying", "business group workers' comp coverage", "group workers' comp program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2101", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2101. COVERAGE FOR AIRCRAFT", "url": "/statutes/IN/2101.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2101.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for aircraft hull and liability insurance in Texas. It requires insurers to file their policy forms and endorsements with the state if the commissioner decides there is a public need. The commissioner can approve or reject those forms, and any contract not written into the policy is considered void and can lead to the insurer losing its license.", "questions_answered": [ "What kinds of insurance are covered by this chapter?", "Do insurers have to submit aircraft insurance policy forms to the Texas Department of Insurance?", "Can the insurance commissioner reject a policy form or endorsement for aircraft insurance?", "What happens if a contract for aircraft insurance isn’t included in the policy document?", "Is a void contract a reason for the state to revoke an insurer’s license?", "Can the commissioner require insurers to file endorsements for aircraft coverage?", "What authority does the commissioner have to create rules under this chapter?", "When did the requirements for filing policy forms become effective?", "Are there penalties for using a disapproved aircraft insurance form?", "Does this chapter apply to passenger airline policies or only to aircraft hull and liability coverage?" ], "issue_tags": [ "aircraft-insurance", "policy-forms", "commissioner-approval", "contract-void", "insurance-regulation", "texas-insurance-code" ], "synonyms": [ "aircraft hull and liability insurance regulations", "Texas aircraft insurance rules", "aircraft insurance policy filing requirements", "aircraft coverage statutes", "aircraft insurance oversight" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2151", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2151. TEXAS AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE PLAN ASSOCIATION", "url": "/statutes/IN/2151.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2151.json", "summary": "This chapter creates the Texas Automobile Insurance Plan Association, a nonprofit group that includes every insurer authorized to write auto liability coverage in Texas. It sets up a governing committee, outlines how the association can assign insurance to drivers who are denied coverage, and describes how insurers are assessed fees. The chapter also establishes rules for filing and approving insurance rates, including hearing and appeal procedures, and provides limited immunity for the association and its officials.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Texas Automobile Insurance Plan Association and who must join it?", "How are members of the governing committee selected and what are the eligibility rules?", "Can the governing committee hold meetings by phone or video conference?", "How does the association assign auto liability insurance to drivers who can’t get coverage elsewhere?", "What are the assessment fees that insurers must pay to the association?", "What rules govern the setting and filing of insurance rates for the association?", "What is the process if the insurance commissioner disapproves a rate filing?", "How can an insurer or other interested party request a hearing on a rate filing?", "What immunity does the association have from lawsuits?", "How can a person appeal a decision made by the insurance commissioner under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-auto-insurance", "insurance-assignment", "governing-committee", "rate-filing", "assessments", "hearings", "nonprofit-association" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Automobile Insurance Plan Association", "TAIPA", "Texas auto insurance pool", "automobile liability insurance association", "Texas auto insurance plan" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2152", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2152. GROUP INSURANCE IN UNDERSERVED AREAS", "url": "/statutes/IN/2152.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2152.json", "summary": "This chapter lets insurers sell auto or residential property insurance to a whole group of people when individual coverage is hard to find in certain locations. The state commissioner can label an area as \"underserved\" and set the rules, forms, and rates for these group policies. Windstorm and hail coverage can’t be included if it would normally be covered under a separate chapter. Groups can be created just to buy this type of insurance.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my community get a group auto insurance policy if individual policies aren’t available?", "What does \"underserved area\" mean for insurance purposes?", "Who decides which neighborhoods are considered underserved for auto or property insurance?", "Can a group be formed solely to purchase insurance under this program?", "Are windstorm and hail coverages allowed in these group policies?", "What types of insurance can be offered on a group basis in underserved areas?", "Do the rates for group policies have to follow the same rules as regular insurance rates?", "What policy forms and certificates will be used for these group policies?", "Can a Lloyd’s plan or reciprocal exchange participate in the group insurance program?", "What rules can the commissioner adopt to implement this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "group-insurance", "underserved-areas", "auto-insurance", "residential-property", "insurance-regulation", "policy-forms" ], "synonyms": [ "group insurance in underserved areas", "collective insurance for hard-to-serve regions", "community insurance program", "group auto and property insurance", "underserved area insurance rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2153", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2153. GROUP MARKETING OF AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE FOR PERSONS OVER 55 YEARS OF AGE", "url": "/statutes/IN/2153.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2153.json", "summary": "This chapter lays out the rules for insurers to sell group automobile insurance to people who are 55 or older through a group marketing plan. It explains who can form a qualifying group, who can join, and requires that coverage be offered on a guaranteed‑issue basis without individual underwriting. The law also sets insurer qualifications, vehicle ownership limits, premium payment arrangements, cancellation restrictions, and record‑keeping, rating, and form requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my senior citizens club get a group auto insurance policy?", "What are the eligibility requirements for a group to qualify for group automobile insurance?", "Do members have to be over 55 to participate in a group auto insurance plan?", "Does the insurer need special approval to sell group automobile insurance?", "Will my individual underwriting be checked when I join a group auto insurance plan?", "Who is responsible for paying the premiums in a group automobile insurance arrangement?", "What types of vehicles are covered under a group auto insurance policy?", "Can an insurer cancel my auto coverage if I am part of a group plan?", "What records must the insurer keep for a group automobile insurance program?", "How are rates determined for group automobile insurance?", "Can a group be formed solely to obtain automobile insurance?", "What policy forms must be used for group automobile insurance?" ], "issue_tags": [ "senior-auto-insurance", "group-marketing", "guaranteed-issue", "insurer-qualifications", "policy-cancellation", "premium-payment", "vehicle-eligibility" ], "synonyms": [ "group automobile insurance for seniors", "senior group auto coverage", "group marketing auto insurance", "over-55 auto insurance program", "collective auto insurance for older drivers" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2154", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2154. VOLUNTEER FIRE DEPARTMENT MOTOR VEHICLE SELF-INSURANCE PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/IN/2154.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2154.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a self‑insurance program for volunteer fire departments' fire‑fighting vehicles. It creates a fund managed by the Texas Forest Service, defines who can join, what safety standards must be met, and the amount of liability coverage provided. Departments pay a fee into the fund to receive that coverage, and the state’s responsibility is limited to the fund’s assets.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a volunteer fire department get liability insurance for its fire trucks?", "What are the eligibility requirements for a fire department to join the self‑insurance program?", "What coverage limits does the volunteer fire department vehicle insurance provide?", "Can a volunteer fire department choose which of its vehicles are covered?", "How is the insurance fee for the program calculated and collected?", "Who administers the volunteer fire department vehicle self‑insurance program?", "What safety or equipment standards must a fire department’s vehicles meet to be covered?", "What happens if a covered vehicle causes injury or property damage while fighting a fire?", "Is the state of Texas personally liable for claims under this program?", "Can the program provide legal representation for a fire department in a liability lawsuit?" ], "issue_tags": [ "volunteer-fire-insurance", "self-insurance-fund", "motor-vehicle-liability", "texas-forest-service", "insurance-fees", "coverage-limits" ], "synonyms": [ "volunteer fire department vehicle insurance program", "Texas volunteer fire self‑insurance pool", "fire department motor vehicle liability coverage", "Texas A&M Forest Service insurance program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2155", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2155. TEMPORARY CERTIFIED AND INSURED PRESCRIBED BURN MANAGER SELF-INSURANCE POOL", "url": "/statutes/IN/2155.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2155.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a temporary self‑insurance pool for certified prescribed‑burn managers (CIPBMs) in Texas, administered by the Texas A&M Forest Service. It establishes a fund, sets eligibility and training requirements, collects fees, and provides liability coverage only for prescribed‑burn incidents, with the program set to expire in 2040.", "questions_answered": [ "How can a certified prescribed burn manager obtain liability coverage for a prescribed fire?", "What are the eligibility requirements to join the self‑insurance pool?", "Do I need to pay a fee or meet cost‑sharing requirements to be covered?", "What training must I complete to keep my coverage active?", "What types of losses does the self‑insurance pool cover?", "Does the pool provide workers’ compensation, vehicle liability, or professional liability coverage?", "What happens if I file excessive claims under the program?", "Who administers the program and where is the insurance fund held?", "When does the self‑insurance program end?", "What happens to any remaining money in the fund after the program expires?", "Can the state be held liable for losses covered by this program?", "Do I need to report details of each prescribed burn, and what information is required?" ], "issue_tags": [ "prescribed-burn-insurance", "self-insurance-fund", "risk-management", "training-requirements", "liability-coverage", "texas-forest-service" ], "synonyms": [ "CIPBM self‑insurance program", "temporary prescribed burn liability pool", "certified burn manager insurance", "Texas A&M Forest Service burn insurance", "prescribed fire self‑insurance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2171", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2171. COMMERCIAL GROUP PROPERTY INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/2171.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2171.json", "summary": "This chapter lets insurers write property insurance for groups of businesses or associations that qualify as large risks, and it sets rules for filing policy forms, rates, and identifying the insured group. It requires insurers to give members disclosures about shared limits and to provide copies of the certificate and policy, and it permits incidental casualty coverage. The chapter also outlines how surplus lines insurers must handle group policies and gives the commissioner authority to adopt implementing rules.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an insurer sell property insurance to a whole group of businesses or an association?", "What makes a group of businesses a \"large risk\" for group property insurance?", "Do insurers have to file the policy form with the Texas insurance commissioner before using it for a group policy?", "What information must insurers file with the commissioner about rates for group property insurance?", "How must insurers identify the specific group or association being insured in their filings?", "What disclosures must be given to each member about shared aggregate limits in a group policy?", "When must members receive a copy of the certificate of insurance and the policy itself?", "Is casualty or liability coverage allowed to be added to a group property insurance policy?", "How do surplus lines insurers handle filing and reporting for group property policies?", "What rules can the insurance commissioner adopt to implement this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "commercial-group-property", "insurance-filing", "surplus-lines", "policy-disclosures", "large-risk", "casualty-coverage" ], "synonyms": [ "commercial group property insurance", "group property coverage", "group commercial property insurance", "Texas group property insurance rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2172", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2172. PERSONAL LINES GROUP PROPERTY AND CASUALTY INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/2172.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2172.json", "summary": "This chapter allows insurers to sell personal property and casualty insurance to groups of ten or more people or entities that share a common relationship, as long as the policy saves on costs, offers reasonable benefits, and does not pool claims limits. It sets rules for how the group policy works, what disclosures must be sent to each member, and how surplus‑lines agents and non‑licensed enrollers handle filings and reporting.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a trade association get a single property and casualty insurance policy for all its members?", "What size does a group need to be to qualify for group personal lines insurance?", "Are insurers allowed to share a single claim limit among all members of a group policy?", "What happens if a group drops below ten members when the policy is up for renewal?", "Do individual members of a group policy receive the same legal protections as if they bought a policy on their own?", "What filing and rate requirements must an insurer meet for a group personal lines policy?", "Do surplus‑lines agents have to file a separate report for each member of a group policy?", "What documents must the insurer provide to each member of a group policy and when?", "Can someone who only enrolls members and collects premiums act as an insurance agent without a license?", "Is incidental liability coverage allowed under a group property and casualty policy?" ], "issue_tags": [ "group-insurance", "personal-lines", "surplus-lines", "policy-disclosures", "insurance-licensing", "rate-filing" ], "synonyms": [ "group property and casualty insurance", "personal lines group insurance", "group PC insurance", "group personal lines coverage", "group insurance for small businesses", "group insurance for trade associations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2201", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2201. RISK RETENTION GROUPS AND PURCHASING GROUPS", "url": "/statutes/IN/2201.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2201.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for forming and running risk retention groups and purchasing groups in Texas. It tells who can act as an agent, what qualifications the groups need, how they must report and pay fees, and what activities are prohibited. The chapter also requires notices to members that these groups aren’t covered by state insurance guaranty funds.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a risk retention group and how does it differ from a regular insurer?", "Who can act as an agent for a risk retention or purchasing group in Texas?", "What qualifications must a risk retention group meet to operate in Texas?", "How does a purchasing group qualify and what types of insurance can it buy?", "What reports and fees do risk retention groups have to file with the Texas Department of Insurance?", "Are claims from risk retention groups covered by the state insurance guaranty fund?", "What financial conditions can cause a risk retention group to be restricted or shut down?", "What notice must be given to members of a risk retention or purchasing group about insurance coverage?", "Can a risk retention group participate in Texas insolvency guaranty funds?", "What taxes do risk retention groups and purchasing groups have to pay on premiums?" ], "issue_tags": [ "risk-retention-groups", "purchasing-groups", "insurance-licensing", "group-insurance-regulation", "financial-conditions", "insurance-tax", "mandatory-notices" ], "synonyms": [ "risk retention group regulations", "group insurance rules", "Texas risk retention and purchasing group statutes", "insurance group compliance chapter", "risk retention and purchasing group provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2202", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2202. JOINT UNDERWRITING", "url": "/statutes/IN/2202.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2202.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for Texas insurers that want to work together in a joint underwriting association. It explains how to apply for, renew, and pay fees for a certificate of authority, what records and audits the association must keep, and how the Department of Insurance can discipline or deny an association for misconduct. The chapter does not apply to life, health, or accident insurance.", "questions_answered": [ "How does an insurance company form a joint underwriting association in Texas?", "What information must be included in an application for a certificate of authority for a joint underwriting association?", "How long does a certificate of authority for a joint underwriting association last before it must be renewed?", "What are the renewal requirements and fees for a joint underwriting association’s certificate of authority?", "What records does a joint underwriting association have to maintain and make available to the commissioner?", "What audit and examination requirements apply to a joint underwriting association?", "What grounds can the Texas Department of Insurance use to deny or revoke a certificate of authority?", "What is the hearing and appeal process if a certificate of authority is denied or revoked?", "Are life, health, or accident insurers required to follow these joint underwriting rules?", "Where do the fees collected from joint underwriting associations go?", "Can a joint underwriting association be disciplined for fraud or misrepresentation?", "What sanctions can be imposed on a joint underwriting association that violates the chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "joint-underwriting", "insurance-association", "certificate-authority", "insurance-regulation", "audit-requirements", "disciplinary-procedures" ], "synonyms": [ "joint underwriting association rules", "joint underwriting certification", "insurance joint underwriting regulations", "Texas joint underwriting authority", "joint underwriting association licensing" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2203", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2203. MEDICAL LIABILITY INSURANCE JOINT UNDERWRITING ASSOCIATION", "url": "/statutes/IN/2203.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2203.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a joint underwriting association that supplies medical liability insurance for physicians, hospitals, nursing homes, assisted‑living facilities and other health‑care providers in Texas. It sets who can get coverage, how rates and policy limits are determined, and how the association’s finances—including reserve funds and deficit recovery—are managed. The law also outlines the board’s composition, the use of revenue bonds to fund reserve accounts, and the process for appeals against association or commissioner actions.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Texas Medical Liability Insurance Underwriting Association and what does it do?", "Which doctors, hospitals, nursing homes, and other health‑care providers can get insurance through the association?", "How are insurance rates and policy limits set for the association’s coverage?", "What is the policyholder’s stabilization reserve fund and how does it work?", "How does the association recover a financial deficit from members or policyholders?", "Can nursing homes or assisted‑living facilities obtain insurance from the association if they can’t find coverage elsewhere?", "Are punitive damages covered by the association’s medical liability policies?", "Can I pay my medical liability insurance premium in installments?", "What is the surcharge fee and who is required to pay it?", "What is the purpose of the revenue bond program under this chapter?", "How do I appeal a decision made by the association or the commissioner?", "Who sits on the board of directors that governs the association?" ], "issue_tags": [ "medical-liability-insurance", "joint-underwriting-association", "eligibility", "rate-setting", "reserve-fund", "deficit-recovery", "appeals", "revenue-bonds" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Medical Liability Insurance Underwriting Association Act", "Medical Liability Insurance Joint Underwriting Association", "TMUAA", "Texas medical liability pool", "joint underwriting association for health‑care providers" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2204", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2204. TEXAS INSURANCE EXCHANGE", "url": "/statutes/IN/2204.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2204.json", "summary": "The Texas Insurance Exchange is a state‑run platform that lets approved insurers and reinsurers write reinsurance and certain foreign risks. It sets rules for how the exchange is run, who can be a member, how directors are chosen, and how taxes and financial safeguards are handled. The exchange is not covered by the state guaranty fund, but it must maintain its own security fund.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Texas Insurance Exchange and what does it do?", "Who can become a member of the Texas Insurance Exchange?", "What kinds of insurance or reinsurance can be written through the exchange?", "How are the directors of the exchange selected and what qualifications must they have?", "What tax rules apply to premiums written through the exchange?", "Can the exchange be exempt from certain insurance regulations, and what limits apply?", "What investment limits exist for agents or members investing in each other?", "Is the exchange’s performance covered by the state insurance guaranty fund?", "What rules govern the operation, constitution, and bylaws of the exchange?", "What is the purpose of the exchange’s security fund and how is it maintained?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-insurance-exchange", "insurance-reinsurance", "exchange-governance", "tax-treatment", "member-eligibility", "investment-limits", "guaranty-fund-exclusion" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Insurance Exchange", "TX Insurance Exchange", "state insurance exchange", "insurance exchange program", "Texas reinsurance exchange", "Texas insurance marketplace" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2205", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2205. TEXAS CHILD-CARE FACILITY LIABILITY POOL", "url": "/statutes/IN/2205.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2205.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a state‑run liability insurance pool for Texas child‑care facilities. It explains how the pool is created, who governs it, how it is funded, and the coverage it provides, including limits, premiums, and claim handling. The rules also cover participation requirements, renewal policies, and the responsibilities of the board and pool manager.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a child‑care facility get liability insurance through the Texas pool?", "What must a child‑care center do to join the Texas child‑care liability pool?", "Who governs the Texas Child‑Care Facility Liability Pool and what are their duties?", "What liability coverage limits does the pool provide to participating facilities?", "How are premium rates and coverage limits determined for the pool?", "What happens if the pool’s fund runs out of money to pay claims?", "Can a child‑care facility be denied renewal of its coverage, and under what circumstances?", "What is the purpose of the Texas child‑care facility liability fund and how is it financed?", "What training or loss‑control requirements does the pool impose on participating facilities?", "How are claims processed and paid by the pool?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-care-liability", "insurance-pool", "texas", "coverage-limits", "board-governance", "fund-management", "claim-payment" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Child‑Care Facility Liability Pool", "Texas Child‑Care Liability Fund", "Texas child‑care insurance pool", "Texas child‑care liability program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2206", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2206. RISK MANAGEMENT POOLS FOR CERTAIN EDUCATIONAL ENTITIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/2206.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2206.json", "summary": "This chapter lets groups of Texas public school districts or junior college districts form a shared risk management pool that provides liability coverage for their actions. It sets out how the pool is created, who can join, how the governing board is chosen, how the fund is managed, and how premiums and coverage limits are determined. The pool is treated differently from traditional insurance and includes rules for reinsurance and board member protections.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my school district join a risk management pool?", "How many school districts or junior college districts are needed to start a pool?", "What types of liability does the pool cover for participating districts?", "Can a junior college district participate in a school district pool, or vice versa?", "How is the board of trustees for the pool selected and what are its duties?", "What financial contributions does a district need to make to the pool?", "What is included in the pool’s plan of operation and how is it developed?", "How are premium rates and coverage limits set for the pool?", "What can the pool’s fund be used for, and how are claims paid?", "Are board members protected from personal liability for pool actions?", "Can the pool purchase reinsurance to protect against large losses?", "What are the requirements for a district to receive initial coverage from the pool?" ], "issue_tags": [ "risk-management-pool", "school-district", "junior-college", "liability-coverage", "board-governance", "fund-management", "premium-rates" ], "synonyms": [ "educational entity risk pool", "school district liability pool", "junior college risk management pool", "collective insurance for districts", "risk management fund for schools" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2207", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2207. EXCESS LIABILITY POOLS FOR COUNTIES AND CERTAIN EDUCATIONAL ENTITIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/2207.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2207.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas counties, public school districts, and junior college districts form a joint excess liability pool to provide insurance for large claims that exceed their primary coverage. It outlines how pools are created, governed by a nine‑member board, and how premiums, contributions, and the fund are managed. The chapter also sets rules for coverage eligibility, claim payments, nonrenewal, and protects board members and employees from personal liability.", "questions_answered": [ "How can a county create an excess liability insurance pool with other counties?", "Can a school district join a pool that was created for counties?", "What is the process for selecting the board that runs an excess liability pool?", "How are premium rates and coverage limits determined for a county excess liability pool?", "What happens if the pool’s fund runs out of money to pay a claim?", "How long must a county or school district keep coverage from the pool?", "Can a board member be held personally liable for claims paid by the pool?", "What must be included in the pool’s plan of operation?", "How are contributions to the pool’s fund calculated?", "When can a school district be denied renewal of its excess liability coverage?" ], "issue_tags": [ "excess-liability-pool", "county-insurance", "school-district-insurance", "junior-college-insurance", "board-governance", "fund-management", "coverage-eligibility" ], "synonyms": [ "excess liability insurance pool", "county liability pool", "school district liability pool", "junior college district liability pool", "joint self‑insurance pool", "public entity excess coverage" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2208", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2208. TEXAS PUBLIC ENTITY EXCESS INSURANCE POOL", "url": "/statutes/IN/2208.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2208.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a statewide pool that lets Texas municipalities and other public entities buy excess liability and workers' compensation insurance together. It explains how the pool is created, who runs it, how premiums and coverage limits are decided, and how claims are paid from a dedicated fund. The law also gives the board and employees immunity from certain lawsuits and outlines rules for renewing or ending coverage.", "questions_answered": [ "How can a Texas city or county join the public entity excess insurance pool?", "What must a public entity do to qualify for coverage under the pool?", "Who governs the pool and how are board members selected and compensated?", "What types of insurance does the pool provide and what does it exclude, like punitive damages?", "How are premium rates and coverage limits set for the pool?", "Can the pool refuse to renew or cancel a public entity's coverage, and under what circumstances?", "What happens if the pool’s fund runs out of money when paying claims?", "Are board members or pool employees personally liable for claims against a public entity?", "Can a public entity use its own money to pay the pool premiums?", "How long must a public entity keep the excess insurance coverage once it starts?", "What is the Texas public entity excess insurance fund and how is it managed?", "Can a public entity that leaves the pool get coverage again later?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-public-entity-insurance", "excess-liability", "pool-governance", "insurance-fund", "coverage-eligibility", "claim-payment", "board-immunity" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Public Entity Excess Insurance Pool", "Texas public entity excess insurance fund", "Texas municipal excess liability pool", "Texas public entity insurance pool", "Texas excess insurance pool" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2209", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2209. TEXAS NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS LIABILITY POOL", "url": "/statutes/IN/2209.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2209.json", "summary": "This chapter establishes a Texas liability insurance pool for nonprofit organizations, detailing how the pool is created, governed, and funded. It sets out the rules for nonprofit participation, premium rates, coverage limits, claim handling, and the responsibilities of the board and pool manager. The pool provides primary and excess liability coverage but does not cover punitive damages, and it includes provisions for renewal, nonrenewal, and fund management.", "questions_answered": [ "How can a nonprofit organization obtain liability insurance through the Texas pool?", "What requirements must a nonprofit meet to join the Texas nonprofit liability pool?", "Who governs the Texas nonprofit organizations liability pool and how are board members selected?", "What liability coverage limits does the pool provide to participating nonprofits?", "Can the pool refuse to renew a nonprofit's insurance coverage and under what circumstances?", "How are premium rates and coverage limits determined for the pool?", "What happens if the pool's fund runs out of money to pay claims?", "Are board members of the pool compensated for their service?", "What types of damages are excluded from coverage under the pool?", "How is the pool's liability fund managed and invested?", "What is the role of the pool manager and what authority does the manager have?", "What are the public representation requirements for board members of the pool?" ], "issue_tags": [ "nonprofit-liability-insurance", "insurance-pool-governance", "coverage-limits", "premium-setting", "claim-payment", "board-structure", "fund-management" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Nonprofit Liability Pool", "Texas Nonprofit Organizations Liability Pool", "Texas nonprofit insurance pool", "nonprofit liability fund", "nonprofit liability pool statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2210", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2210. TEXAS WINDSTORM INSURANCE ASSOCIATION", "url": "/statutes/IN/2210.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2210.json", "summary": "The Texas Windstorm Insurance Association (TWIA) is a state‑created pool that provides windstorm and hail insurance for property owners in coastal areas when private insurers won’t. The chapter sets up how the association is governed, how insurers must join, how premiums, assessments, and surcharges are calculated, and how large losses are funded through a trust fund, public securities, and state financing. It also outlines the process for applying for coverage, filing and handling claims, and the rights of policyholders to appeal or arbitrate disputes.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Texas Windstorm Insurance Association and why does it exist?", "Who is eligible to get windstorm and hail insurance from TWIA?", "What types of property are considered insurable under this program?", "How are premiums, surcharges, and assessments determined and paid?", "How does the association fund large losses and operating expenses?", "What is the role of the catastrophe reserve trust fund and public securities?", "How do I apply for coverage and what documentation is required?", "How do I file a claim and what are the timelines for claim processing?", "What options do I have if my claim is denied or I dispute the amount paid?", "Can I appeal a decision or request binding arbitration for a claim dispute?", "What is the depopulation program and how does it affect my policy?", "How are the board of directors appointed and what oversight does the association have?" ], "issue_tags": [ "windstorm-insurance", "catastrophe-fund", "public-securities", "claim-process", "insurance-association", "coastal-coverage", "policy-rates", "state-financing" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Windstorm Insurance Association Act", "TWIA", "Texas windstorm and hail insurance pool", "Texas coastal windstorm insurance program", "Texas windstorm insurance association" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2211", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2211. FAIR PLAN", "url": "/statutes/IN/2211.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2211.json", "summary": "The FAIR Plan creates a nonprofit insurance pool that offers residential property and homeowners‑association coverage in Texas areas where private insurers won’t sell policies. The state designates these underserved areas, requires participating insurers to contribute financially, and oversees the plan’s rates, inspections, and operations. The plan can issue policies, collect premiums, and raise funds through public securities, while the commissioner supervises compliance and can impose penalties.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Texas FAIR Plan and who can get insurance through it?", "How does the state decide which areas are considered underserved?", "What types of property insurance does the FAIR Plan provide?", "Can the FAIR Plan cover windstorm or hail damage?", "How are insurers required to participate and pay assessments to the FAIR Plan?", "What is the inspection process for a property applying for FAIR Plan coverage?", "How are the FAIR Plan’s insurance rates approved and filed?", "What happens if the FAIR Plan runs a financial deficit?", "Does the FAIR Plan offer insurance for homeowners or condominium associations?", "What penalties can be imposed for non‑compliance with the FAIR Plan rules?", "How does the FAIR Plan raise money through public securities?" ], "issue_tags": [ "fair-plan", "underserved-areas", "property-insurance", "insurer-assessments", "inspection-bureau", "public-securities" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas FAIR Plan", "Fair Access to Insurance Requirements Plan", "FAIR Plan Association", "Texas property insurance pool" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2212", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2212. SELF-INSURANCE TRUSTS FOR HEALTH CARE LIABILITY CLAIMS", "url": "/statutes/IN/2212.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2212.json", "summary": "This chapter lets groups of doctors or dentists set up self‑insurance trusts to cover malpractice and related claims. It spells out who can create a trust, the minimum requirements, filing and record‑keeping duties, and the powers the trust has to buy insurance, manage investments, and guarantee liabilities. The department can oversee the trusts and impose sanctions if they break the rules.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a medical or dental association create its own malpractice insurance trust in Texas?", "What are the eligibility and age requirements for an organization to form a self‑insurance trust?", "What financial reports must a self‑insurance trust file with the state?", "What types of coverage can a self‑insurance trust provide to physicians, dentists, and their partnerships?", "Can a self‑insurance trust cover volunteer health‑care providers, even if they are not doctors or dentists?", "What investment powers does a self‑insurance trust have and how are they limited?", "What happens to pending claims or liabilities if the trust is dissolved?", "What authority does the Texas Department of Insurance have to monitor and sanction these trusts?", "Is a self‑insurance trust considered an insurance company under Texas law?", "What records must a trust provide to regulators on request?", "Can a trust guarantee contingent liabilities for its members?", "How does a trust handle risk‑management services and reinsurance purchases?" ], "issue_tags": [ "self-insurance", "professional-liability", "medical-malpractice", "trust-regulation", "volunteer-provider", "insurance-oversight", "Texas" ], "synonyms": [ "self‑insurance trusts for health care liability", "medical professional liability self‑insurance", "physician malpractice trust", "dentist liability trust", "health care liability trust rules", "Texas self‑insurance trust statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2213", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2213. SELF-INSURANCE TRUSTS FOR BANKS AND SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/2213.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2213.json", "summary": "This chapter lets banks and savings‑and‑loan associations set up their own self‑insurance trusts to cover losses like employee theft, robbery, or certain wrongful acts. It outlines how the trusts are created, how a plan and trustees are approved, how the trust fund is funded and managed, and the insurance commissioner’s ongoing supervision. The trusts are not treated as regular insurance companies and must meet solvency and cost‑control requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a bank form its own self‑insurance trust?", "What kinds of losses can a bank self‑insurance trust cover?", "How can a savings and loan association join a self‑insurance trust?", "What steps are required to create a self‑insurance trust for banks or savings‑and‑loan associations?", "Who decides the amount of coverage each member bank receives?", "What role does the Texas insurance commissioner play in overseeing these trusts?", "How is the trust fund funded and used to pay claims?", "Are trustees allowed to hire professional staff or consultants, and are there limits on those costs?", "Do self‑insurance trusts have to follow the same insurance regulations as regular insurers?", "What are the minimum requirements for a self‑insurance trust to remain solvent?" ], "issue_tags": [ "self-insurance-trust", "bank-insurance", "savings-loan-insurance", "insurance-commissioner", "trust-fund-management", "coverage-limits", "trustee-oversight" ], "synonyms": [ "bank self‑insurance trust", "savings and loan self‑insurance trust", "self‑insurance pool", "banking self‑insurance program", "group insurance trust for banks", "Texas self‑insurance trust for banks" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2251", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2251. RATES", "url": "/statutes/IN/2251.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2251.json", "summary": "Chapter 2251 of the Texas Insurance Code sets the rules for how insurers must set, file, and get approval for their insurance rates. It defines what counts as excessive, inadequate, or unfairly discriminatory pricing, requires insurers to provide certain information to the state, and outlines the process for rate approvals, disapprovals, and consumer notices. The chapter also includes exemptions for small insurers and gives the public insurance counsel a role in reviewing filings.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas regulate insurance rates to prevent excessive or unfair pricing?", "What factors must an insurer consider when setting a rate for a policy?", "When must an insurer notify me about a rate increase on my homeowner's insurance?", "What information does an insurer have to file with the Texas Department of Insurance for rate approval?", "Can the commissioner disapprove a rate, and what is the process for a hearing?", "What are \"disallowed expenses\" that insurers cannot include in their rates?", "Are there any exemptions for small insurers from filing and approval requirements?", "What can the public insurance counsel do if it objects to a rate filing?", "How long does the commissioner have to approve or disapprove a newly filed rate?", "What happens if a rate increase is more than 10% for a residential property policy?" ], "issue_tags": [ "rate-regulation", "insurance-pricing", "filing-requirements", "disallowed-expenses", "rate-disapproval", "consumer-notice", "small-insurer-exemptions" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas insurance rate rules", "insurance rate filing requirements", "insurance pricing regulations", "Texas Department of Insurance rate oversight", "rate-making standards" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2252", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2252. RATE ADMINISTRATION", "url": "/statutes/IN/2252.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2252.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas insurers how to set and share rates for casualty insurance, who the rules apply to, and what information they must give to policyholders. It also creates a process for people to request a hearing, appeal decisions, and requires insurers to report loss data regularly. Finally, it bans false statements that could affect rate calculations.", "questions_answered": [ "Which types of insurance are covered by the Texas rate administration rules?", "Do farm mutual or county mutual insurers have to follow these rate rules?", "Can I ask my insurer for the formula or data they use to set my premium?", "What steps do I take if I think my insurer applied the rating system unfairly?", "How do I appeal a rating decision after a hearing?", "How often must insurers report loss and expense data to the state?", "Can insurers share rate information with insurance regulators in other states?", "What actions are illegal when an insurer sets or advertises rates?", "Are automobile insurance rates governed by this chapter?", "What kinds of risks are excluded from the chapter’s coverage?" ], "issue_tags": [ "rate-administration", "casualty-insurance", "rating-system", "loss-data-reporting", "prohibited-conduct", "insurance-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "Chapter 2252", "Texas insurance rate rules", "Rate administration statutes", "Insurance rating regulations", "Rate making chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2253", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2253. RATING TERRITORIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/2253.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2253.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas insurers that they may split a county into smaller rating areas for home or car insurance, but only if the county is already divided and the price difference between any two areas cannot exceed 15 percent. The state insurance commissioner can set rules that allow a larger price gap if needed.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an insurer charge different home insurance rates within the same county?", "Can car insurance rates vary by neighborhood in a county?", "What limits the price difference between rating areas in a county?", "Does the law require a county to be subdivided before insurers can use rating territories?", "Can an insurer set rates that are more than 15% different in different parts of a county?", "Who can allow a larger rate difference than the 15% rule?", "Are there any special rules for residential property insurance pricing?", "Do the same rules apply to personal automobile insurance?", "What happens if a county isn’t subdivided?", "Can the insurance commissioner change the allowed rate difference?", "How does Texas law control how insurers price policies by location?" ], "issue_tags": [ "rating-territories", "insurance-pricing", "residential-property-insurance", "auto-insurance", "rate-differences", "commissioner-rules" ], "synonyms": [ "rating territories rules", "insurance rating zones", "county subdivision rating", "Texas insurance rating territory provisions", "rate territory guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2254", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2254. PREMIUM REFUND FOR CERTAIN PERSONAL LINES", "url": "/statutes/IN/2254.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2254.json", "summary": "This chapter gives the Texas insurance commissioner the power to order refunds or future discounts when personal automobile or residential property insurance rates are found to be excessive or unfairly discriminatory. It sets the interest rate for refunds, limits on how much of the premium must be excessive to trigger a refund, and provides a hearing process for insurers to challenge the order.", "questions_answered": [ "What happens if my car insurance premium is judged to be too high?", "Can I get a refund if my homeowner's insurance rate is unfairly discriminatory?", "How does the state calculate interest on a premium refund?", "Is there a minimum amount of overcharge needed for a refund?", "What can an insurer do if it disagrees with a refund order?", "Will I still get a discount if the overcharged amount is small?", "Does this rule apply to insurance rates that were approved beforehand?", "How long does an insurer have to request a hearing after a refund order?", "Can the insurance commissioner change a refund order after a hearing?", "Are there any tax credits the insurer must give up to provide a refund?" ], "issue_tags": [ "premium-refund", "unfair-discriminatory-rates", "personal-auto-insurance", "residential-property-insurance", "texas-insurance-commissioner", "administrative-hearing" ], "synonyms": [ "Premium Refund for Certain Personal Lines", "Excessive Rate Refund Rules", "Texas Insurance Premium Refund Statute", "Personal Lines Premium Refund Chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2301", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2301. POLICY FORMS", "url": "/statutes/IN/2301.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2301.json", "summary": "Chapter 2301 of the Texas Insurance Code sets the rules for insurance policy and endorsement forms. It requires insurers to file and get state approval for most forms, ensures they are clear and not deceptive, and makes filings publicly viewable. The chapter also lists which types of insurance are covered, provides exemptions for large risks, and allows the use of standard forms.", "questions_answered": [ "Do insurance companies have to get state approval before they can use a new policy form?", "What kinds of insurance are subject to the policy form filing rules?", "Are there any exemptions for large commercial insurers or certain types of coverage?", "How far in advance must an insurer file a form before it can be used?", "What can the commissioner do if a policy form is found to be unfair or deceptive?", "Do policy forms have to be written in plain language?", "Can insurers use a standard form instead of their own custom form?", "Are the filed policy forms and supporting information available for public inspection?", "Do residential property insurance policies need a declarations page that lists deductibles?", "Can policy documents be provided in languages other than English, and does the English version still control?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-forms", "policy-approval", "plain-language", "public-inspection", "exemptions", "standard-forms" ], "synonyms": [ "policy form regulations", "insurance form filing rules", "insurance policy form requirements", "Texas insurance form compliance", "insurance policy document standards" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2501", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2501. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/2501.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2501.json", "summary": "This chapter establishes the Texas Title Insurance Act, setting out its purpose to protect consumers and ensure fair returns for title insurers. It defines key terms like title insurance, abstract plant, and escrow officer, and explains what activities count as the business of title insurance. The chapter also outlines requirements for abstract plants, the steps for closing a transaction, and allows certain third‑party fees separate from the insurance premium.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Texas Title Insurance Act and what does it aim to do?", "What does the term 'title insurance' mean in Texas?", "Who is considered a title insurance agent or a direct operation?", "What is an abstract plant and why is it required?", "What activities count as doing business of title insurance?", "What is required for a proper closing of a real‑estate transaction under title insurance?", "Can a title insurance company charge fees beyond the insurance premium?", "What are the rules for foreign title insurance companies operating in Texas?", "What does an escrow officer do in a title insurance transaction?", "What is a joint abstract plant operation?", "How does the law define a 'person' for title insurance purposes?", "What kinds of third‑party charges are allowed under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-title-insurance", "title-insurance-definition", "abstract-plant", "closing-transaction", "escrow-officer", "third-party-charges", "insurance-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Title Insurance Act", "Title Insurance General Provisions", "Chapter 2501", "Title Insurance Code", "Texas Title Insurance statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2502", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2502. PROHIBITED CONDUCT", "url": "/statutes/IN/2502.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2502.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas title insurance companies what they cannot do. It limits them to only title insurance business, bans certain coverages like guarantees of mortgage payments or protection for unmarketable title, and forbids rebates, discounts, and improper compensation. It also sets out penalties and civil fines for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a title insurance company also sell other types of insurance?", "May a title insurer guarantee that a mortgage will be paid on time?", "Is it allowed for a title insurer to issue a policy when they know there is an existing lien on the property?", "Can a title insurance policy cover loss caused by an unmarketable title?", "Are rebates or discounts to agents or referrals permitted in title insurance business?", "What kinds of compensation can a title insurer pay its agents or employees?", "What penalties or fines apply if a title insurer breaks these rules?", "Can a title insurer provide coverage for transactions that are fraudulent or preferential under bankruptcy law?", "May a title insurer split or share closing fees with other parties?", "What are the rules for charging premiums and dividing them with subsidiaries?", "Are promotional or educational activities considered rebates under this chapter?", "Can a title insurer receive a commission for referring title insurance business?" ], "issue_tags": [ "title-insurance", "prohibited-conduct", "rebates", "coverage-restrictions", "penalties", "compensation", "mortgage-guarantee" ], "synonyms": [ "Prohibited Conduct for Title Insurance", "Title Insurance Restrictions", "Texas Title Insurance Rules", "Title Insurance Business Limitations", "Title Insurance Prohibited Activities" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2551", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2551. TITLE INSURERS", "url": "/statutes/IN/2551.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2551.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules that Texas title insurance companies must follow. It covers who is subject to the law, how a title insurer is formed, required capital, surplus, deposits, allowable investments, reserve calculations, licensing, reinsurance, and penalties for non‑compliance.", "questions_answered": [ "What capital and surplus must a Texas title insurance company maintain?", "Does a title insurance company need a special certificate of authority to operate in Texas?", "What deposit amount must a title insurer keep in the state treasury?", "Can a title insurance company invest in real property or securities, and are there limits?", "How are statutory premium reserves for title insurance policies calculated and reduced over time?", "What are the rules for a title insurer to purchase its own shares of stock?", "What name requirements apply to a Texas title insurance company?", "Are foreign title insurance companies required to make a deposit in Texas?", "What types of reinsurance are allowed for a Texas title insurer?", "What actions can the commissioner take if a title insurer violates the rules?", "How can a title insurer appeal a commissioner's decision?", "Can a title insurance company transfer its fiduciary business to a state bank or trust company?" ], "issue_tags": [ "title-insurance", "capital-requirements", "reserves", "licensing", "reinsurance", "deposits", "investments", "enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Title Insurance Act", "Title Insurers Chapter", "Title Insurance Regulation", "Title Company Statutes", "Texas Title Insurance Code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2553", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2553. FOREIGN OR ALIEN CORPORATIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/2553.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2553.json", "summary": "This chapter tells out‑of‑state or foreign companies how they can sell title insurance in Texas. They must apply for a permit, prove they have at least $1 million in capital and $1 million in surplus, and pay the same filing fees and occupation tax as local insurers, but they are exempt from the franchise tax.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an out‑of‑state title insurance company do business in Texas?", "What paperwork does a foreign title insurer need to file to get a permit in Texas?", "How much capital and surplus must a non‑Texas title insurance company have to operate here?", "Do foreign title insurers have to pay franchise tax in Texas?", "What fees are required for a foreign title insurance company to obtain a permit?", "Are foreign title insurance firms subject to the same rules as Texas‑based insurers?", "What financial statements must a foreign title insurer provide to the state department?", "Can a title insurance company from another country operate in Texas?", "What is the process for obtaining a certificate of authority for a foreign title insurer?", "Are there any special tax rules for out‑of‑state title insurers in Texas?", "Do foreign title insurers need to meet surplus requirements?", "Which state department oversees foreign title insurance companies in Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "foreign-corporations", "title-insurance", "capital-requirements", "licensing", "taxes-fees", "insurance-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "foreign title insurance companies", "out‑of‑state title insurers", "alien title insurance corporations", "non‑Texas title insurance firms", "title insurance foreign corporation rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2601", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2601. SUPERVISION, LIQUIDATION, REHABILITATION, REORGANIZATION, OR CONSERVATION OF TITLE INSURANCE COMPANIES AND AGENTS", "url": "/statutes/IN/2601.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2601.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for how Texas oversees title insurance companies and agents. It outlines the state's power to supervise them, and the steps to take if a company needs to be liquidated, rehabilitated, reorganized, or otherwise conserved. The chapter ties these companies to broader insurance supervision statutes.", "questions_answered": [ "What does Texas do to supervise title insurance companies and agents?", "What happens if a title insurance company becomes insolvent?", "How does the state liquidate a title insurance company?", "Can a title insurance company be rehabilitated instead of liquidated?", "What is the process for reorganizing a title insurance company in Texas?", "What does 'conservation' mean for a title insurance company?", "Which other chapters govern the supervision of title insurers?", "How does Texas ensure title insurance agents stay financially sound?", "What steps are taken to protect a title insurance company's assets during trouble?", "What are the differences between liquidation and reorganization for title insurers?" ], "issue_tags": [ "title-insurance", "company-supervision", "liquidation", "rehabilitation", "reorganization", "financial-solvency" ], "synonyms": [ "title insurance company oversight", "title insurer supervision", "title insurance liquidation rules", "title insurance rehabilitation process", "title insurance reorganization guidelines", "title insurance conservation measures", "title insurance agent regulation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2602", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2602. TEXAS TITLE INSURANCE GUARANTY ASSOCIATION", "url": "/statutes/IN/2602.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2602.json", "summary": "The Texas Title Insurance Guaranty Act creates a nonprofit association that steps in to protect policyholders when a title insurance company or agent becomes insolvent. It outlines how the association is funded through assessments and guaranty fees, defines the types of claims it will cover, and sets procedures for paying those claims. The chapter also governs the association’s board, its powers, and the rules for handling impaired insurers and agents.", "questions_answered": [ "What does the Texas Title Insurance Guaranty Association do when a title insurer goes bankrupt?", "How are policyholders protected if their title insurance company becomes insolvent in Texas?", "What are covered claims under the Texas Title Insurance Guaranty Act?", "How are assessments and guaranty fees calculated and collected from title insurance companies?", "Can a title insurance company advertise the guaranty association to sell policies?", "What immunity does the association or its board have from lawsuits?", "How are shortages in escrow or trust accounts handled when an insurer is impaired?", "When can an impaired title insurance company issue new policies again?", "Who sits on the board of the Texas Title Insurance Guaranty Association and how are they appointed?", "What happens if a title insurer fails to pay an assessment on time?" ], "issue_tags": [ "title-insurance", "guaranty-association", "impaired-insurer", "covered-claims", "assessments", "board-governance", "escrow-funds" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Title Insurance Guaranty Act", "Texas Title Insurance Guaranty Association", "TTIGA", "Title Insurance Guaranty Act", "Title Insurance Guaranty Association", "Texas Title Guaranty Law", "Title Insurance Solvency Act" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2651", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2651. TITLE INSURANCE AGENTS AND DIRECT OPERATIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/2651.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2651.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for who can act as a title insurance agent or run a title insurance operation in Texas. It covers licensing, required bonds or deposits, financial capital standards, training, renewal, record keeping, audits, and disciplinary actions. It also explains how agents can be appointed by multiple companies and how licenses can be surrendered or revoked.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I apply for a title insurance agent license in Texas?", "What bond or deposit do I need to maintain as a title insurance agent or direct operation?", "How much capital must a title insurance agent have based on the size of the county they serve?", "What continuing education is required to keep my title insurance license active?", "Can I be appointed to represent more than one title insurance company, and how does that work?", "What are the steps to renew my title insurance license and what fees are involved?", "What records must the Texas Department of Insurance keep about licensed title agents?", "What happens if I want to surrender or forfeit my title insurance license?", "What are the audit requirements for trust fund accounts of agents and companies?", "What actions can the department take if I violate the licensing rules or commit fraud?" ], "issue_tags": [ "title-insurance-licensing", "bonding-requirements", "financial-capital", "continuing-education", "audit-requirements", "disciplinary-action", "multiple-appointments", "direct-operation-license" ], "synonyms": [ "title insurance agent licensing", "Texas title insurance regulations", "title agent requirements", "title insurance professional rules", "direct operation licensing" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2652", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2652. ESCROW OFFICERS", "url": "/statutes/IN/2652.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2652.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for who can work as an escrow officer in Texas, including licensing, bonding or deposit requirements, and how they are appointed by title insurance agents. It also covers continuing education, public record keeping, audit requirements for escrow accounts, and the disciplinary process for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to work as an escrow officer in Texas?", "Can an attorney act as an escrow officer without a license?", "What bond or deposit must a title insurance company provide for its escrow officers?", "How much does an escrow officer license cost and how often must it be renewed?", "What continuing education is required for escrow officers and how many hours are needed?", "How does a title insurance agent or direct operation appoint an escrow officer?", "What must be done when an escrow officer’s employment is terminated?", "Can a title insurance company hire an escrow officer who lives in a neighboring state?", "What are the grounds for denial of an escrow officer license or for disciplinary action?", "How are escrow accounts audited and what records are kept?", "What information about escrow officers is available to the public?", "What happens if an escrow officer misappropriates funds from a trust account?" ], "issue_tags": [ "escrow-officer-licensing", "surety-bond-requirements", "continuing-education", "appointment-procedure", "disciplinary-action", "trust-fund-audit", "public-records" ], "synonyms": [ "escrow officer regulations", "Texas escrow officer rules", "title insurance escrow officer requirements", "escrow officer licensing statutes", "escrow officer bond requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2701", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2701. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/2701.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2701.json", "summary": "This chapter explains what a commitment for title insurance is and how it differs from an abstract of title. It makes clear that a commitment or policy is a title insurance form, while an abstract is not considered insurance. The chapter also bars the commissioner from creating rules about abstracts and treats the Business & Commerce Code as a consumer protection law when applied to title insurance.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a commitment for title insurance?", "How does a commitment differ from a title insurance policy?", "Is an abstract of title the same as title insurance?", "Can the state commissioner set rules for abstracts of title?", "What does a title insurance commitment actually state?", "Does a title insurance policy include the same terms as a commitment?", "How does the Business & Commerce Code protect consumers buying title insurance?", "Can a mortgagee title policy binder be considered a commitment?", "What forms are considered title insurance under this chapter?", "Why are abstracts of title excluded from regulation?" ], "issue_tags": [ "title-insurance", "abstract-of-title", "consumer-protection", "insurance-commitment", "policy-terms", "regulatory-limits" ], "synonyms": [ "title insurance commitment", "title insurance policy form", "abstract of title document", "title insurance forms", "consumer protection for title insurance", "Texas title insurance general provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2702", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2702. CLOSING AND SETTLEMENT", "url": "/statutes/IN/2702.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2702.json", "summary": "This chapter tells title insurance companies how to provide insured closing and settlement letters for loan transactions and high‑price sales, and it sets rules for the uniform settlement statements they must give. It requires specific content, timing, and form for those statements, and it outlines when and how costs must be disclosed before a residential closing.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a title insurance company charge me for an insured closing and settlement letter?", "When can I request an insured closing and settlement letter from my title insurer?", "What must be included on the settlement statement I receive from a title company?", "Do I have to get a settlement statement before the closing of my home purchase?", "If the title company fails to give me a closing letter, does that affect my title insurance coverage?", "Are there different settlement statement forms for residential homes versus other real‑estate transactions?", "What information about who receives money at closing must be shown on the statement?", "Can a title insurer use the HUD‑1 form instead of the state‑prescribed settlement form?", "What costs does the title company have to disclose to me in advance of closing?", "Does the settlement statement tell me whether the title insurance premium covers the lender, the buyer, or both?" ], "issue_tags": [ "title-insurance", "closing-letter", "settlement-statement", "cost-disclosure", "residential-real-estate", "uniform-forms" ], "synonyms": [ "insured closing and settlement letters", "title insurance closing letters", "uniform closing statement", "settlement cost disclosure", "title insurance settlement forms" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2703", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2703. POLICY FORMS AND PREMIUM RATES", "url": "/statutes/IN/2703.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2703.json", "summary": "Chapter 2703 sets the rules Texas title insurers must follow for policy forms, required provisions, and premium rates. It gives the commissioner authority to prescribe forms, fix rates, and hold hearings before rates can be set or changed. The chapter also outlines duties of insurers when defects are reported and limits on mineral‑rights coverage.", "questions_answered": [ "What forms does a Texas title insurance company have to use?", "Can a title insurer charge a premium that is different from the rate set by the commissioner?", "How are premium rates for title insurance policies determined and approved?", "What requirements apply to residential title insurance policies in Texas?", "Are title insurers allowed to exclude mineral or geothermal rights from coverage?", "What must a title insurer do if a policyholder reports a lien or title defect after a policy is issued?", "What hearings are required before the commissioner can fix or change a premium rate?", "How can an interested person request a public hearing about title insurance rates?", "Can a title insurer issue a policy using a form that has not been approved by the commissioner?", "What are the commissioner’s powers to adopt or amend policy forms and endorsements?" ], "issue_tags": [ "title-insurance", "policy-forms", "premium-rates", "commissioner-authority", "hearings", "mineral-exclusions", "residential-policy" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas title insurance rules", "Title insurance policy regulations", "Policy forms and rates chapter", "Title insurance commissioner guidelines", "Title insurance forms and premiums" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2704", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2704. ISSUANCE OF POLICY OR CONTRACT; DETERMINATION OF INSURABILITY", "url": "/statutes/IN/2704.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2704.json", "summary": "This chapter lays out the requirements for writing a title insurance policy, including how title must be examined, how insurability is determined, and how records are kept. It also sets rules for issuing owner policies when a mortgagee policy is issued, allows direct issuance when no local agent exists, and governs area‑and‑boundary coverage, prohibiting discrimination and indemnity demands.", "questions_answered": [ "When can a title insurance company issue a policy without a local agent in the county?", "What documentation must a title insurer keep and for how long after a policy is issued?", "Do I need an owner’s title insurance policy if I’m getting a mortgagee policy for my home?", "Can I reject the owner’s title policy at closing, and how do I do that?", "What steps are required to determine that a title is insurable?", "Can a title insurer use an existing property survey for area and boundary coverage?", "Are title insurers allowed to discriminate based on whether a property is platted or unplatted?", "May a seller, buyer, borrower, or lender be required to provide an indemnity for boundary coverage?", "What happens if no title insurance agent or direct operation exists in the county where the property is located?", "When must a copy of the issued policy be provided to the agent or direct operation that supplied the title evidence?" ], "issue_tags": [ "title-insurance", "policy-issuance", "insurability", "owner-mortgagee", "area-boundary", "record-keeping", "discrimination" ], "synonyms": [ "title insurance issuance rules", "title policy underwriting requirements", "owner and mortgagee policy regulations", "area and boundary coverage standards", "title insurance underwriting practices" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "2751", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 2751. TITLE INSURANCE FOR PERSONAL PROPERTY INTERESTS", "url": "/statutes/IN/2751.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/2751.json", "summary": "Chapter 2751 establishes the rules for title insurance that protects personal property and fixtures in Texas. It defines the coverage, sets the commissioner’s authority to fix premium rates and prescribe policy forms, requires hearings before rates or forms change, and outlines the duties and compensation of insurers and their agents.", "questions_answered": [ "What is personal property title insurance and what does it cover?", "How does Texas determine the premium rates for personal property title insurance?", "Can a title insurance company charge a rate that is different from the commissioner’s fixed rate?", "What forms must be used when issuing a personal property title insurance policy?", "What is the process for changing a title insurance form or rate, and is a hearing required?", "How much commission does a title insurance agent receive for placing an order?", "What factors does the commissioner consider when fixing premium rates?", "Are there any other statutes that apply to personal property title insurance?", "Can a title insurance company issue a policy for personal property located outside Texas?", "What contractual restrictions apply to title insurance policies that are not expressed in the policy?" ], "issue_tags": [ "title-insurance", "personal-property", "premium-rates", "insurance-forms", "commission", "regulatory-hearings", "insurance-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "personal property title insurance", "title insurance for personal property", "personal property title coverage", "title insurance rates and forms", "insurance commissioner regulations", "title insurance policy rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "3501", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 3501. CREDIT INVOLUNTARY UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/3501.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/3501.json", "summary": "This chapter defines credit involuntary unemployment insurance, which helps borrowers keep up with loan payments when they lose their job against their will. It tells which insurers can sell this coverage, whether it can be sold alone or with other credit insurance products, and how rates and policy forms must be filed. The rules also require compliance with other Texas business and insurance regulations.", "questions_answered": [ "What is credit involuntary unemployment insurance?", "Who is allowed to sell credit involuntary unemployment insurance in Texas?", "Can an insurer offer this coverage together with credit life or credit accident insurance?", "Does the insurance cover loss of income from unpaid or paid leave under federal or state law?", "What requirements must be met for the rates and policy forms of this insurance?", "Can a group policy include credit involuntary unemployment insurance?", "Are there any other Texas statutes that limit how this insurance can be written?", "When did the credit involuntary unemployment insurance rules become effective?", "Do insurers need a special license to write this type of coverage?", "Can the insurance be sold as a stand‑alone product?" ], "issue_tags": [ "credit-unemployment-insurance", "insurance-regulation", "policy-forms", "rate-filing", "group-insurance", "combined-products" ], "synonyms": [ "credit involuntary unemployment insurance", "CIUI", "unemployment income protection for borrowers", "credit loss‑of‑income insurance", "involuntary unemployment credit coverage" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "3502", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 3502. MORTGAGE GUARANTY INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/3502.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/3502.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for mortgage guaranty insurance in Texas, defining what types of loans and properties are covered, who may write the insurance, and how rates, forms, and financial reserves must be handled. It also includes anti‑discrimination requirements, lender disclosure duties, and limits on the amount of risk an insurer can take on.", "questions_answered": [ "What is mortgage guaranty insurance and what does it cover?", "Can a foreign or alien insurer sell mortgage guaranty insurance in Texas?", "What eligibility rules apply to insurers that want to write mortgage guaranty insurance?", "What anti‑discrimination rules must mortgage guaranty insurers follow?", "How must insurers file and get approval for rates and policy forms?", "What financial reserves and capital requirements do mortgage guaranty insurers need to maintain?", "What limits exist on the amount of loans an insurer can insure in a single housing tract?", "What notice must a lender give a borrower about the right to cancel private mortgage insurance?", "How must a lender handle refunds of unearned mortgage insurance premiums?", "What advertising restrictions apply to loans that are insured by private mortgage insurers?", "What happens if an insurer’s total liability exceeds its allowed limit?", "Can a mortgage guaranty insurer charge different rates for the same risk?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mortgage-guaranty-insurance", "insurer-eligibility", "rate-filing", "financial-reserves", "anti-discrimination", "lender-disclosure", "policy-form-approval" ], "synonyms": [ "mortgage guaranty insurance", "private mortgage insurance", "mortgage insurance", "mortgage guaranty coverage", "mortgage guaranty insurer regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "3503", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 3503. SURETY BONDS AND RELATED INSTRUMENTS", "url": "/statutes/IN/3503.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/3503.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for surety bonds in Texas, covering who can issue them, special requirements for large or government-related bonds, and how claims on construction payment bonds must be handled. It also limits bail bond guarantees, defines where lawsuits over bonds can be filed, and outlines reporting and regulatory duties for surety companies.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a surety company issue a bond for a city or county project?", "Does a municipality have to require a local agent for a corporate surety bond?", "What notice must I give a surety company when I file a claim on a construction payment bond?", "How long does a surety have to acknowledge, investigate, and decide on my claim?", "When will the surety pay my claim after accepting it?", "What are the limits on bail bond guarantees in Texas?", "Where should I file a lawsuit if I have a problem with a surety bond?", "Do surety companies need reinsurance for bonds that exceed 10% of their capital?", "What qualifications must a surety have to issue bonds over $100,000?", "What reasons can a surety give for rejecting a construction payment claim?", "Can the Texas Department of Insurance adopt rules to enforce these bond requirements?", "How must surety companies disclose their bail bond premiums in financial statements?" ], "issue_tags": [ "surety-bonds", "construction-payment-claims", "bail-bond-limits", "bond-venue", "surety-company-regulation", "claim-notice-procedures", "reinsurance-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "surety bond regulations", "construction payment bond rules", "bail bond certificate provisions", "surety company obligations", "bond suit venue rules", "surety bond claim process" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "3504", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 3504. TRAVEL INSURANCE", "url": "/statutes/IN/3504.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/3504.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for travel insurance in Texas, defining what counts as travel insurance, travel assistance, and cancellation fee waivers. It explains who can buy individual, group, or blanket policies, what disclosures must be given before purchase, and how premiums are taxed. It also lists prohibited sales practices and consumer cancellation rights.", "questions_answered": [ "What does travel insurance cover?", "Can I buy travel insurance as part of a group or blanket policy?", "Do I have to pay Texas tax on my travel insurance premium?", "What information must be disclosed to me before I purchase travel insurance?", "Can I cancel my travel insurance and get a full refund?", "Is a cancellation fee waiver considered insurance under Texas law?", "Can a travel insurer sell policies on an aggregator website?", "What sales practices are illegal for travel insurance in Texas?", "Do travel assistance services count as insurance?", "What is a blanket travel insurance policy?", "Who qualifies as an eligible group for group travel insurance?", "How are travel insurance premiums reported for Texas residents?" ], "issue_tags": [ "travel-insurance", "group-insurance", "consumer-protection", "premium-tax", "disclosure-requirements", "unfair-trade-practices" ], "synonyms": [ "travel insurance regulations", "travel protection plan rules", "Texas travel insurance statutes", "travel coverage law", "group travel insurance guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "4001", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 4001. AGENT LICENSING IN GENERAL", "url": "/statutes/IN/4001.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/4001.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for who must be licensed to act as an insurance or health‑maintenance‑organization agent in Texas, how they apply, what fees and training are required, and how temporary or provisional permits work. It also covers how corporations, partnerships, and banks can be licensed, the appointment process, and the responsibilities and penalties for agents and their sponsors.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to sell or solicit insurance in Texas?", "How do I apply for a Texas insurance agent license?", "What fees are required for an insurance agent license or temporary license?", "What training and exam requirements must I meet for a temporary license?", "How long does a temporary insurance agent license last?", "Can a corporation or partnership be licensed to act as an insurance agent?", "What is a provisional permit and how do I obtain one?", "How does the appointment process work for an insurance agent?", "What are the penalties for acting as an agent without a license?", "Can I share profits with family members after I die as an agent?", "Do I need a license to collect premiums or transmit policies?", "What disclosures must I make to the Texas Department of Insurance as a licensed agent?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-agent-licensing", "temporary-license", "provisional-permit", "licensing-fees", "appointment-requirements", "corporate-agent", "training-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "Agent licensing rules", "Texas insurance agent licensing", "Insurance agent licensing statutes", "Agent licensing requirements", "Insurance agent licensing chapter", "Insurance agent licensing code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "4002", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 4002. EXAMINATION OF LICENSE APPLICANTS", "url": "/statutes/IN/4002.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/4002.json", "summary": "This chapter tells who must take a written test to get an insurance license in Texas, what the test must cover, and who is exempt. It also sets the exam fee, offers the test in English and Spanish, outlines result timing, and requires the department to monitor pass rates and work with testing services when needed.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to take a written exam to become an insurance agent in Texas?", "What subjects will be on the insurance licensing exam?", "Are there any exemptions that let me skip the exam?", "How much does the licensing exam cost and can I get a refund if I can't take it?", "Can I take the exam in Spanish instead of English?", "When will I receive my exam results after I take the test?", "If I fail the exam, can I get a detailed analysis of my performance?", "What happens if the first‑time pass rate for a particular exam falls below 70%?", "Can the state use a private testing company to administer the licensing exam?", "Do I need to retake the exam if my license expired less than a year ago?", "Is there a different exam for a limited insurance license?", "What demographic information does the department collect for exam reporting?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-licensing", "exam-requirements", "exemptions", "testing-service", "bilingual-exam", "pass-rate-monitoring", "exam-fees" ], "synonyms": [ "insurance agent exam rules", "license examination requirements", "Texas insurance licensing test", "exam exemptions", "testing service agreement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "4003", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 4003. LICENSE EXPIRATION AND RENEWAL", "url": "/statutes/IN/4003.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/4003.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you when an insurance license in Texas ends and how you can renew it. It requires the department to send a reminder before a license expires, sets the fees (which are non‑refundable), and explains special rules for late renewal, out‑of‑state agents, and moving to another state. The commissioner can also create a staggered renewal schedule and change the standard two‑year period.", "questions_answered": [ "When does my Texas insurance license expire?", "How do I renew my license before it expires?", "What happens if my license has been expired for less than 90 days?", "Can I renew a license that’s been expired for more than 90 days but less than a year?", "Do I have to pay extra fees if I renew a license after it has expired?", "Will I receive a notice before my license expires?", "Can I renew all of my licenses at the same time if I hold several?", "What are the rules if I move to another state and want to keep my license?", "Are renewal fees refundable if I change my mind?", "Can the commissioner change the standard two‑year expiration period?", "Does this chapter apply to third‑party administrators?", "How does a staggered renewal system work?" ], "issue_tags": [ "license-expiration", "license-renewal", "renewal-fees", "out-of-state", "staggered-renewal", "expiration-notice", "expired-license" ], "synonyms": [ "license expiration and renewal rules", "insurance license renewal guidelines", "license renewal procedures", "insurance licensing renewal", "license expiry provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "4004", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 4004. CONTINUING EDUCATION", "url": "/statutes/IN/4004.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/4004.json", "summary": "Chapter 4004 sets the continuing education rules for Texas insurance agents and adjusters. It tells how many hours are required, the mix of classroom and other formats, ethics training, exemptions, and special courses for annuities and Medicare products. The chapter also governs how education programs are certified and what penalties apply for missing requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "How many continuing education hours do I need as a Texas insurance agent?", "Do I have to complete ethics training each time I renew my license?", "Can I get an extension or exemption from CE requirements if I am ill or disabled?", "Are agents with 20 years of service exempt from CE requirements?", "What credit can I earn for being an active member of an insurance association?", "What are the CE requirements for selling annuities in Texas?", "What training is required to sell Medicare‑related insurance products?", "What happens if I don’t finish my CE before my license expires?", "Do I need to take at least half of my CE in a classroom setting?", "How are CE programs certified and who pays the certification fees?", "Can I count CE hours from other professions toward my insurance CE requirement?", "What penalties apply if I fail to complete the required CE?" ], "issue_tags": [ "continuing-education", "insurance-agent-licensing", "ethics-training", "exemptions", "annuity-education", "medicare-product-training", "program-certification" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas insurance continuing education rules", "Insurance agent CE requirements", "TX insurance CE statute", "Chapter 4004 insurance education", "Continuing education for Texas insurance agents" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "4005", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 4005. CONDUCT, DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS, AND SANCTIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/4005.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/4005.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas insurance agents what they can and cannot do, how they must disclose any compensation they receive, and what fees they may charge clients. It also outlines the disciplinary and criminal penalties for agents who break these rules, including license suspension, fines, and possible jail time.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an insurance agent charge me a fee for getting my motor vehicle record or a photo of my property?", "Do I need to give written consent before an agent charges me for extra services?", "What must an agent disclose if they receive money from me besides the standard fee?", "Is it illegal for an insurance agent to give rebates or kickbacks to customers?", "Can an agent charge me both a commission and an additional fee for the same service?", "What actions can the Texas Department of Insurance take if an agent breaks the rules?", "What are the penalties if an agent works after their license has been suspended or revoked?", "Can a person who no longer holds an insurance license receive commissions or other payments?", "What is prohibited for agents after their license is revoked in any state?", "How does an agent obtain a motor vehicle record for a client, and must they give a copy to the client?", "What are the rules about agents charging fees that exceed their actual costs?", "What constitutes a felony for an insurance agent in Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-agents", "fees", "disclosures", "prohibited-conduct", "disciplinary-actions", "criminal-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Insurance Agent Conduct Rules", "Agent Discipline and Sanctions", "Texas Insurance Agent Regulations", "Insurance Agent Ethics", "Agent Conduct and Penalties" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "4006", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 4006. DISABILITY PROBATION OF AGENTS", "url": "/statutes/IN/4006.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/4006.json", "summary": "This chapter lets the Texas Insurance Department place an insurance agent on disability probation when a physical, mental, or emotional condition prevents them from performing their duties. It requires the agent to make restitution, sets possible probation terms such as treatment, reporting, and supervision, and allows the department to adjust or revoke probation if conditions aren’t met.", "questions_answered": [ "What does disability probation mean for an insurance agent?", "Can an insurance agent be put on probation instead of being suspended because of a medical condition?", "What steps must an agent take to qualify for disability probation?", "Am I required to pay restitution while on disability probation?", "How long can disability probation last for an insurance agent?", "What kinds of conditions can the department require during disability probation?", "Who decides the specific terms of disability probation for an insurance agent?", "What happens if I fail to follow the probation conditions?", "Can the department require drug or alcohol treatment as part of my probation?", "Is there a hearing before an agent is placed on disability probation?", "Can disability probation be extended beyond one year?", "What supervision does the department provide while I’m on disability probation?" ], "issue_tags": [ "disability-probation", "insurance-agent-regulation", "restitution", "treatment-conditions", "department-supervision", "probation-violation" ], "synonyms": [ "disability probation for agents", "insurance agent disability probation", "agent disability probation rules", "insurance department probation", "professional disability probation", "agent rehab probation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "4007", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 4007. NOTICE TO DEPARTMENT BY CERTAIN PROPERTY AND CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANIES REGARDING AGENTS", "url": "/statutes/IN/4007.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/4007.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas property and casualty insurers that they must inform the state insurance department when an agent owes the company a large amount, loses the right to settle claims, or when the agent’s contract ends. It also lets insurers submit one yearly report instead of multiple notices if they regularly exceed the large‑debt threshold and the commissioner approves it.", "questions_answered": [ "When does an insurance company have to notify the Texas Department of Insurance about an agent’s overdue balances?", "What dollar amount or percentage triggers a required notice about an agent’s debt?", "How many days past due must an agent’s balance be before the insurer must report it?", "What must an insurer do if an agent’s authority to settle claims is taken away?", "What reporting steps are required when an insurance agent’s contract is cancelled or terminated?", "Can an insurance company send a single annual report instead of multiple notices, and if so, when?", "What types of insurance companies are subject to these notice requirements?", "Who decides whether an insurer can use the annual reporting option?", "What forms does the insurer need to use to send the required notice?", "Does the notice requirement apply to all insurance agents or only certain ones?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-notification", "agent-oversight", "texas-insurance-regulation", "reporting-requirements", "claim-authority", "agent-termination" ], "synonyms": [ "Notice to Department by Insurance Companies Regarding Agents", "Agent reporting requirements", "Insurance company agent notification rules", "Texas insurer agent notice provisions", "Agent debt and authority reporting" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "4008", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 4008. AGENT CERTIFICATION AND EDUCATION PROGRAMS FOR COMPLEX INSURANCE PRODUCTS", "url": "/statutes/IN/4008.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/4008.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a special certification system for insurance agents who want to sell especially complicated insurance products. The state can require extra education, training, exams, and experience before an agent is allowed to market those products, and it governs how the certificates are issued, renewed, and expired.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need special training to sell complex insurance products like variable annuities?", "Which insurance products require a separate certification before I can sell them?", "How can I apply for the certification needed to sell a designated product line?", "Can I sell a complex product before I receive the certification?", "How long does a certification stay valid and when does it expire?", "What continuing education is required to keep my certification active?", "Can I take the required exam through a third‑party testing service?", "Do the certification rules apply to agents who already held a license before the rule started?", "What happens if my certification is suspended or revoked—can I renew it?", "Who decides which products need this special certification?", "What steps must I complete to renew an unexpired certification?", "Am I required to retake the certification exam periodically?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-certification", "complex-products", "agent-education", "continuing-education", "licensing", "exam-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "agent certification for complex insurance", "special insurance agent training", "complex product licensing", "insurance product certification program", "advanced insurance agent education" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "4051", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 4051. PROPERTY AND CASUALTY AGENTS", "url": "/statutes/IN/4051.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/4051.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for who must be licensed to sell property and casualty insurance in Texas and describes the different types of licenses, such as general, limited, personal lines, county mutual, and agricultural. It also explains how emergency licenses work, what agents can write beyond their primary license, and the procedures insurers must follow when terminating or suspending an agent’s contract, including notice requirements and renewal obligations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to sell homeowners or auto insurance in Texas?", "What is the difference between a general property and casualty license and a personal lines license?", "Can I write health or accident insurance with a property and casualty license?", "What kinds of insurance can I sell with a limited property and casualty license?", "How do I become a county mutual insurance agent and what training is required?", "What is an emergency license and when can it be issued to a disabled or insolvent agent?", "What notice must an insurer give before terminating or suspending my agent contract after two years?", "Can an insurer refuse to renew my business after they terminate my contract?", "What rules apply if I want to write crop insurance as an agent?", "What happens to my commissions and underwriting standards if my contract is terminated?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-insurance-licensing", "property-casualty-agents", "agent-contract-termination", "limited-license", "emergency-license", "personal-lines", "county-mutual" ], "synonyms": [ "Property and casualty agent licensing", "Texas insurance agent regulations", "PC insurance licensing rules", "Insurance agent licensing statutes", "Texas property & casualty agent chapter", "Insurance agent contract rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "4053", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 4053. MANAGING GENERAL AGENTS", "url": "/statutes/IN/4053.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/4053.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for people or companies that act as managing general agents (MGAs) for insurers in Texas. It defines who qualifies as an MGA, requires a license (with limited corporate exemptions), and outlines the powers, duties, record‑keeping, escrow, contract, and reporting obligations they must follow. The chapter also gives the Texas Department of Insurance authority to adopt rules, conduct examinations, and enforce penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to work as a managing general agent in Texas?", "Can a corporation act as a managing general agent without getting a license?", "What activities is a managing general agent allowed to perform for an insurer?", "What written contract requirements must exist between an insurer and its managing general agent?", "How often must a managing general agent submit account reports and what information must they include?", "What are the escrow account rules for money a managing general agent holds for insurers?", "When must a managing general agent notify the Texas Department of Insurance about large balances or changes in authority?", "Can a managing general agent bind reinsurance contracts, and if so, under what conditions?", "What disciplinary actions or penalties can be imposed for violating the MGA rules?", "What records does a managing general agent have to keep separate for each insurer they represent?" ], "issue_tags": [ "managing-general-agent", "licensing", "escrow", "reporting", "reinsurance", "fiduciary-duty", "enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "MGA", "managing general agent", "insurance managing general agent", "general agency", "insurance MGA", "insurance general agent" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "4054", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 4054. LIFE, ACCIDENT, AND HEALTH AGENTS", "url": "/statutes/IN/4054.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/4054.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for who must be licensed to sell life, accident, and health insurance in Texas and defines several types of licenses, from general to limited and special-purpose ones like funeral prearrangement. It outlines the education, testing, and limits on the amount of coverage agents can write, and includes provisions for commissions when an insurer stops doing business in the state. It also creates a voluntary specialty certification for agents who market small employer health plans.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to sell life, accident, or health insurance in Texas?", "What type of license is required to sell funeral prearrangement life insurance?", "Can I write life insurance policies over $25,000 with a limited license?", "What training and exam are required for a funeral prearrangement insurance agent?", "What are the continuing education requirements for agents with a funeral prearrangement license?", "How are renewal or service commissions handled if an insurer stops doing business in Texas?", "Do I need a separate license to represent a health maintenance organization?", "What is the specialty certification for agents who sell small employer health benefit plans?", "What limits apply to the amount of life insurance I can write with a low‑value license?", "Can a general life, accident, and health license holder write other types of insurance without getting another license?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-insurance-licensing", "life-accident-health-agents", "funeral-prearrangement", "limited-license", "specialty-certification", "commission-issues" ], "synonyms": [ "Life, Accident, and Health Agent licensing", "Texas insurance agent licensing rules", "Insurance agent license requirements", "Life and health insurance agent statutes", "Texas Insurance Code Chapter 4054" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "4055", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 4055. SPECIALTY AGENTS", "url": "/statutes/IN/4055.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/4055.json", "summary": "Chapter 4055 sets the rules for Texas specialty insurance agents, who sell limited‑purpose insurance products. It explains who needs a specialty license, how to apply, required training, disclosure duties, and the penalties for violations. The chapter also covers special licenses for rental‑car companies, credit‑insurance agents, travel retailers, self‑service storage facilities, and portable‑electronics vendors.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a specialty insurance license to sell insurance as a rental‑car company?", "What disclosures must a travel retailer give when offering travel insurance?", "Can a self‑service storage facility sell hazard insurance for stored items?", "Is an exam or continuing education required for a specialty insurance license?", "How do I apply for a Texas specialty insurance license?", "What training is required for employees of a specialty license holder?", "Can a portable‑electronics vendor sell insurance for devices they lease or sell?", "What penalties apply if a specialty license holder violates the rules?", "Can a general property and casualty agent act as a specialty agent without a separate license?", "What are the rules for assigning commission to an employer when selling specialty insurance?", "Are there special disclosure exemptions for credit‑insurance products?", "What are the limits on the rental period for insurance sold by a rental‑car company?" ], "issue_tags": [ "specialty-agents", "insurance-licensing", "disclosures", "training-requirements", "travel-insurance", "rental-car-insurance", "credit-insurance", "portable-electronics-insurance" ], "synonyms": [ "specialty insurance agents", "specialty license holders", "limited purpose insurance agents", "Texas specialty agent rules", "non‑general insurance agents" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "4056", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 4056. NONRESIDENT AGENTS", "url": "/statutes/IN/4056.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/4056.json", "summary": "This chapter outlines how out‑of‑state insurance agents can obtain a Texas license, including the application process, criminal background checks, and the need for reciprocal agreements with their home state. It also explains exemptions, continuing‑education rules, limits on the types of insurance they may sell, and how a nonresident agent can switch to a resident license if they move to Texas.", "questions_answered": [ "How can an out‑of‑state insurance agent apply for a Texas license?", "Do I need to take the Texas insurance exam if I already have a license in my home state?", "What criminal history information must I provide to get a nonresident agent license?", "Can I keep my Texas nonresident license if my home state revokes my original license?", "What continuing education requirements apply to nonresident agents?", "Are there restrictions on which lines of insurance I can sell as a nonresident agent?", "How do I change my nonresident license to a resident license if I move to Texas?", "Can a corporation or partnership apply for a nonresident agent license?", "What happens if I don’t have a Texas agent for service of process?", "Is there a fee to apply for a nonresident insurance agent license?", "Can Texas waive licensing requirements for agents from states with similar rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "nonresident-agent-licensing", "reciprocal-licensing", "insurance-agent-application", "criminal-history-check", "continuing-education", "license-transition", "service-of-process" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas nonresident insurance agent licensing", "out‑of‑state insurance agent rules", "reciprocal insurance licensing", "nonresident agent license requirements", "cross‑state insurance agent licensing" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "4101", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 4101. INSURANCE ADJUSTERS", "url": "/statutes/IN/4101.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/4101.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for who must be licensed as an insurance adjuster in Texas, outlines who is exempt, and describes the application, exam, fees, and continuing‑education requirements. It also covers special licenses for emergencies or limited lines, duties like maintaining a public office, and penalties for unlicensed practice.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to work as an insurance adjuster in Texas?", "What types of people or jobs are exempt from the adjuster licensing requirement?", "How can a non‑resident or out‑of‑state adjuster obtain a Texas license?", "What are the exam and experience requirements to become a licensed adjuster?", "How much does it cost to apply for, renew, or replace an adjuster license?", "What continuing education is required to keep my adjuster license active?", "How do I get an emergency or limited license during a disaster or for a specific line of insurance?", "Can a roofing contractor also act as an insurance adjuster?", "What are the penalties for adjusting claims without a proper license?", "How do I renew or reinstate a suspended or revoked adjuster license?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-adjuster-licensing", "texas-licensing", "exemptions", "continuing-education", "emergency-license", "disciplinary-action" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas insurance adjuster regulations", "Adjuster licensing statutes", "Chapter 4101 insurance adjusters", "Adjuster licensing requirements", "Texas adjuster law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "4102", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 4102. PUBLIC INSURANCE ADJUSTERS", "url": "/statutes/IN/4102.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/4102.json", "summary": "Chapter 4102 sets the rules for public insurance adjusters in Texas. It defines who must be licensed, outlines how to apply, the fees, continuing education, and the duties and ethical standards they must follow. The chapter also lists prohibited activities, advertising requirements, and the penalties for violations, including suspension or revocation of a license.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to work as a public insurance adjuster in Texas?", "What are the qualifications and experience needed to get a public adjuster license?", "How do I apply for, renew, or reinstate a public insurance adjuster license?", "What continuing education is required for a public adjuster license?", "What fees can a public adjuster charge and are there limits on commissions?", "What activities are public insurance adjusters prohibited from doing, such as practicing law or soliciting during disasters?", "Can a contractor or other professional also act as a public insurance adjuster?", "What are the advertising rules for public insurance adjusters?", "What penalties can the state impose for violating the adjuster rules?", "Can an insurance policy prevent me from hiring a public insurance adjuster?", "What records must a public adjuster keep and for how long?", "How does the state handle license suspension, revocation, or denial?" ], "issue_tags": [ "public-insurance-adjuster", "licensing", "ethics", "prohibited-conduct", "fees", "renewal", "enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "public adjuster regulations", "Texas insurance adjuster licensing", "adjuster code of Texas", "public insurance adjuster statutes", "adjuster licensing rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "4151", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 4151. THIRD-PARTY ADMINISTRATORS", "url": "/statutes/IN/4151.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/4151.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for third‑party administrators who collect premiums, handle claims, or manage benefits for insurers and plan sponsors. It defines who must be licensed, the exemptions, the application process, required bonds, record‑keeping, and how claims must be processed. It also covers special provisions for pharmacy benefit managers, advertising approvals, and the penalties for non‑compliance.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a certificate of authority to act as a third‑party administrator in Texas?", "What activities are exempt from being considered a third‑party administrator?", "How do I apply for a certificate of authority and what information must I provide?", "What is the required fidelity bond for an administrator and how is its amount calculated?", "What records must an administrator keep and how long must they be retained?", "How must claims be adjudicated and paid by a third‑party administrator?", "Can a pharmacy benefit manager sell or share patient information?", "What advertising approvals are required before a third‑party administrator can market its services?", "What are the possible disciplinary actions or penalties if an administrator violates the rules?", "How does the commissioner examine or audit a third‑party administrator’s operations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "third-party-administrator", "licensing", "fidelity-bond", "recordkeeping", "claims-processing", "pharmacy-benefit", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "third‑party administrator", "TPA", "administrator", "pharmacy benefit manager", "PBM", "benefits administrator", "insurance administrator" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "4152", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 4152. REINSURANCE INTERMEDIARIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/4152.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/4152.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for people and firms that act as reinsurance brokers or managers in Texas. It requires them to be licensed, defines qualifications, fees, record‑keeping, financial safeguards, contract requirements, and gives the insurance commissioner authority to examine and discipline them. It also tells insurers how they must work with these intermediaries and outlines penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to work as a reinsurance broker or manager in Texas?", "What qualifications and experience are required to obtain a reinsurance intermediary license?", "How long does a reinsurance intermediary license last and how is it renewed?", "What financial safeguards (bond or errors‑and‑omissions policy) must a reinsurance broker or manager maintain?", "What records must a broker keep for each reinsurance transaction and how long must they be retained?", "Can a broker place reinsurance with a reinsurer that is not authorized in Texas, and what disclosures are required?", "What fiduciary duties does a manager have for money collected on behalf of insurers?", "How must contracts between brokers or managers and insurers be written and approved?", "Can an insurer negotiate reinsurance without using a licensed broker or manager?", "What are the inspection and examination powers of the Texas insurance commissioner over reinsurance intermediaries?", "What actions can lead to denial of a license or disciplinary sanctions for a reinsurance intermediary?", "What penalties can be imposed for violating the reinsurance intermediary rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "reinsurance-intermediary", "licensing", "record-keeping", "fiduciary-duty", "enforcement", "broker-manager-contracts" ], "synonyms": [ "reinsurance broker regulations", "reinsurance manager rules", "Texas reinsurance intermediary licensing", "reinsurance intermediary compliance", "reinsurance intermediary statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "4153", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 4153. RISK MANAGERS", "url": "/statutes/IN/4153.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/4153.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a licensing system for people who call themselves risk managers in Texas. It defines who must be licensed, how to apply, pass an exam, pay fees, and keep a business location in the state. It also lists who is exempt, how licenses can be renewed, and the disciplinary actions the department can take.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to call myself a risk manager in Texas?", "What are the qualifications needed to become a licensed risk manager?", "How do I apply for a risk manager license and what fees are required?", "Can I skip the exam if I have certain professional designations?", "What are the continuing education requirements for a risk manager license?", "How often does a risk manager license need to be renewed and what is the renewal process?", "Are there any exemptions from licensing for risk managers employed by insurance companies or large employers?", "What disciplinary actions can the Texas Department of Insurance take against a risk manager?", "How can I change the address of my risk manager business in the state records?", "Can I get a Texas risk manager license without an exam if I’m already licensed in another state?", "What happens if my risk manager license is suspended or revoked?" ], "issue_tags": [ "risk-manager-licensing", "insurance-professional-regulation", "license-exemptions", "continuing-education", "disciplinary-action", "license-renewal" ], "synonyms": [ "risk manager licensing", "risk management professional regulation", "Texas risk manager license", "risk manager certification", "risk manager licensing requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "4201", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 4201. UTILIZATION REVIEW AGENTS", "url": "/statutes/IN/4201.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/4201.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for entities that review health care services to decide if they are medically necessary. It requires these agents to be certified, outlines how they must communicate decisions, handle appeals, keep patient information confidential, and limits the use of automated systems for denials. It also covers special rules for emergency care, specialty services, and exemptions from pre‑authorization requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a utilization review agent and what do they do?", "Do utilization review agents need a certificate to operate in Texas?", "How must a utilization review agent notify a patient and provider of a denial?", "What are the time limits for sending notice of an adverse determination?", "How can I appeal a denial of coverage or a medical necessity decision?", "Can an automated decision system be used to make a denial?", "What confidentiality rules apply to medical records used in utilization review?", "Are Medicaid, workers' compensation, or federal programs subject to these rules?", "Will a health care provider be reimbursed for providing medical information to a review agent?", "What special procedures apply when a denial involves emergency care or life‑threatening conditions?", "How are specialty utilization review agents (e.g., dental, chiropractic) regulated differently?", "What are the criteria and process for a physician to get an exemption from pre‑authorization requirements?" ], "issue_tags": [ "utilization-review", "adverse-determination", "appeal-process", "certification", "confidentiality", "preauthorization-exemption", "emergency-care" ], "synonyms": [ "Utilization Review Agent regulations", "Texas utilization review rules", "Health care utilization review statutes", "TX insurance utilization review code", "Utilization review certification requirements", "Medical necessity review guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "4202", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 4202. INDEPENDENT REVIEW ORGANIZATIONS", "url": "/statutes/IN/4202.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/4202.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules Texas uses to certify and oversee independent review organizations that handle health‑insurance claim disputes. It covers how these organizations are approved, what they must do to keep patient information private, how quickly they must decide cases, and limits on who can own or control them. It also describes reporting requirements, fee structures, and limited liability protections.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas certify an independent review organization?", "What ownership restrictions apply to independent review organizations?", "How fast must an independent review organization make a decision on a claim?", "What confidentiality rules protect medical records sent to an independent review organization?", "How often must an independent review organization renew its certification?", "What reporting and inspection requirements do independent review organizations have?", "What fees do health‑insurance payors have to pay for independent review services?", "Can an independent review organization be sued for its review decisions?", "Where must an independent review organization keep its primary office?", "What happens if an independent review organization discloses patient information without permission?", "Can an independent review organization be owned by a health‑insurance company or its trade association?", "What oversight does the Texas commissioner provide for independent review organizations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "independent-review", "certification", "confidentiality", "timeliness", "ownership-restrictions", "liability-immunity", "reporting" ], "synonyms": [ "Independent Review Organization regulations", "Texas independent review rules", "Health insurance dispute review standards", "Independent medical review guidelines", "IRB standards" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "4203", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 4203. PROHIBITED CONSULTANT ACTIVITIES", "url": "/statutes/IN/4203.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/4203.json", "summary": "This chapter defines who is considered a \"consultant\" when it comes to reviewing chiropractic insurance claims. It then bars any member or employee of the Texas Board of Chiropractic Examiners from acting as such a consultant for insurers, businesses, individuals, or review agents. The goal is to prevent board members from influencing claim decisions for pay or non‑payment.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a Texas chiropractic board member work as a paid consultant for an insurance company?", "Am I allowed to hire a board employee to review chiropractic claims for my business?", "What activities are prohibited for board members regarding chiropractic claim audits?", "Does this law apply to individuals who are not board members but work for the board?", "Can a board employee give advice to a utilization review agent about chiropractic services?", "Is it illegal for a board member to recommend payment guidelines for chiropractic claims?", "What does \"consultant\" mean under this chapter?", "Are there any exceptions that let board members do claim reviews for insurers?", "How does this rule affect my ability to get a third‑party opinion on a chiropractic claim?", "What penalties exist if a board member violates this prohibition?" ], "issue_tags": [ "chiropractic-consulting", "insurance-claims", "board-ethics", "prohibited-activities", "utilization-review" ], "synonyms": [ "Prohibited Consultant Activities", "Chiropractic Consultant Restrictions", "Texas Board of Chiropractic Examiners consulting ban", "Consultant activity prohibition for chiropractic board members" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "5001", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 5001. INTERSTATE INSURANCE PRODUCT REGULATION COMPACT", "url": "/statutes/IN/5001.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/5001.json", "summary": "This chapter creates an interstate commission that lets participating states work together to set uniform rules for certain life, annuity, disability and long‑term care insurance products. It establishes a process for insurers to file product forms and advertisements with the commission for review and approval, and lets states opt out of a uniform rule if they can show it wouldn't protect their consumers. The commission also handles disputes, provides training, and manages its own budget and staff.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Interstate Insurance Product Regulation Compact and why does my state join it?", "Which insurance products are covered by the compact?", "How does the interstate commission develop and enforce uniform standards for insurance products?", "What is the process for an insurer to file a product or advertisement with the commission?", "Can my state choose not to follow a uniform standard, and how does that work?", "Who represents my state on the Interstate Insurance Product Regulation Commission?", "What happens if there is a disagreement between states about the compact’s rules?", "How are filing fees and the commission’s budget handled?", "What happens if a state decides to withdraw from the compact?", "What authority does the commission have to issue rules and subpoenas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "interstate-insurance", "uniform-standards", "product-filing", "commission-governance", "opt-out-procedure", "dispute-resolution", "insurance-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "Interstate Insurance Product Regulation Compact", "IIPRC", "Insurance Product Regulation Commission", "Compact", "Interstate insurance compact" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "5002", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 5002. INTERSTATE HEALTH CARE COMPACT", "url": "/statutes/IN/5002.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/5002.json", "summary": "This chapter creates an interstate agreement that lets participating states set their own health‑care rules, pause any federal rules that conflict, and receive a set amount of federal money to support those actions. It also establishes a multi‑state commission to study health‑care issues, share data, and give non‑binding advice, and it explains how states can join, amend, or leave the agreement.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my state stop federal health‑care regulations that conflict with state law?", "How does a state get federal funding to support its own health‑care policies?", "What is the Interstate Advisory Health Care Commission and what does it do?", "How does a state join the Interstate Health Care Compact?", "What happens if a state wants to change the compact’s rules?", "Can a state withdraw from the health‑care compact, and what is the process?", "Who decides the amount of federal money each state receives under the compact?", "What kinds of health‑care services are covered by the compact?", "Does the compact affect care provided by the Department of Defense or Veterans Affairs?", "What data does the commission collect and can it share individual health information?" ], "issue_tags": [ "interstate-health-care", "state-regulation", "federal-funding", "health-care-compact", "commission", "amendment", "withdrawal" ], "synonyms": [ "Interstate Health Care Compact", "Health Care Compact", "State health‑care regulation compact", "Interstate health‑care agreement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "6001", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 6001. FIRE EXTINGUISHER SERVICE AND INSTALLATION", "url": "/statutes/IN/6001.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/6001.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for who can sell, install, service, and test fire extinguishers and fixed fire‑extinguisher systems in Texas. It requires firms and individuals to be registered, licensed, and insured, and it outlines fees, renewal processes, and penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to install or service a portable fire extinguisher?", "What is required for a company to be registered to work with fire extinguishers?", "What insurance coverage must a fire‑extinguisher service firm carry?", "How much does it cost to get a registration certificate or a license for fire extinguisher work?", "Can I renew my fire‑extinguisher license after it has expired, and what are the fees?", "What are the rules for hydrostatic testing of fire extinguisher cylinders?", "What penalties apply if I install a fire extinguisher without the proper license?", "Are there continuing education requirements for fire‑extinguisher license holders?", "Can I transfer my fire‑extinguisher license to another person or company?", "What is the process for appealing a suspension or revocation of a fire‑extinguisher license?" ], "issue_tags": [ "fire-extinguisher-licensing", "registration-requirements", "insurance-coverage", "hydrostatic-testing", "fees-and-renewals", "penalties", "continuing-education" ], "synonyms": [ "Fire Extinguisher Service and Installation regulations", "Texas fire extinguisher licensing rules", "Chapter 6001", "Fire protection equipment code", "Fire extinguisher installation statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "6002", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 6002. FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM DEVICE INSTALLATION", "url": "/statutes/IN/6002.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/6002.json", "summary": "This chapter sets statewide rules for fire alarm and fire detection devices, covering everything from planning and installing to servicing, monitoring, and maintaining them. It requires firms and individuals to be licensed or registered, to follow approved standards, and to use labeled equipment. The law also outlines insurance, training, fees, and penalties for non‑compliance.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license or registration to install fire alarm systems in Texas?", "What qualifications are required for a fire alarm technician or superintendent?", "Can a local city require a fire alarm system that is stricter than state rules?", "What labeling or testing approvals are required for fire alarm devices sold in Texas?", "What insurance coverage must a fire alarm firm carry to get a registration certificate?", "How much does it cost to renew a fire alarm license or registration certificate?", "What are the penalties if I install a fire alarm system without the proper license?", "Can I use a fire alarm system that was installed before the current rules went into effect?", "Are there any exemptions for homeowners who install their own smoke detectors?", "What training is required for fire alarm instructors and schools?", "Can I transfer my fire alarm license to another state or another person?", "What information must be provided to owners when a fire alarm device is installed?" ], "issue_tags": [ "fire-alarm-licensing", "fire-detection-standards", "registration-requirements", "insurance-coverage", "local-regulation", "penalties", "training-approval" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas fire alarm licensing", "fire detection device regulations", "fire alarm installation rules", "Texas fire alarm code", "fire alarm and detection device statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "6003", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 6003. FIRE PROTECTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM SERVICE AND INSTALLATION", "url": "/statutes/IN/6003.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/6003.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a state‑wide system for licensing and registering anyone who plans, sells, installs, maintains, or services fire protection sprinkler systems in Texas. It requires contractors to hold a registration certificate, have a licensed responsible managing employee, carry specified liability insurance, pay set fees, and follow renewal and advertising rules. The law also lists who is exempt, how local governments may interact, and the penalties for non‑compliance.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license or registration certificate to install a fire sprinkler system?", "What insurance coverage is required for a fire sprinkler contractor in Texas?", "How much does it cost to apply for a fire sprinkler contractor registration or license?", "How often must a fire sprinkler contractor renew their registration or license?", "Can a municipality require additional permits or fees for sprinkler installations?", "What are the penalties if I work on a sprinkler system without the proper license?", "Are there any exemptions for small projects or for owners installing sprinklers on their own property?", "What qualifications does a responsible managing employee need to work for a sprinkler contractor?", "Do fire sprinkler contractors have rules about advertising their services?", "Can a contractor who lost their license apply for a new one right away?" ], "issue_tags": [ "fire-sprinkler-licensing", "insurance-requirements", "contractor-registration", "renewal-fees", "exemptions", "disciplinary-actions", "advertising-rules" ], "synonyms": [ "fire protection sprinkler system contractor regulations", "Texas sprinkler licensing law", "sprinkler system registration requirements", "fire sprinkler contractor statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "7001", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 7001. REGISTRATION OF DISCOUNT HEALTH CAREPROGRAM OPERATORS", "url": "/statutes/IN/7001.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/7001.json", "summary": "This chapter requires anyone who runs a discount health care program in Texas to register with the state Department of Insurance. It defines who must register, what information and fees are needed, and sets rules for background checks, contract filings, and annual renewals. The department can deny registration or take action for fraud, misstatements, or felony convictions. Insurers with a certificate of authority and health care sharing ministries are exempt.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to register my discount health care program with the Texas Department of Insurance?", "What information must I include in a registration application for a discount health care program?", "How much does the initial registration fee and annual renewal fee cost?", "How often do I need to renew my registration and what certifications are required?", "Do I need to submit copies of contracts with health care providers when I register?", "Are insurance companies or health care sharing ministries required to register under this chapter?", "Will the state conduct criminal background checks on my board members or owners?", "What actions can the department take if I lie on my registration application or commit fraud?", "Can a marketer sell my discount health care program without me being the operator?", "What types of health care services are covered by a discount health care program?", "Do I have to report changes to provider contracts after I’m already registered?", "What penalties exist for misappropriating member funds or other dishonest practices?" ], "issue_tags": [ "discount-health-care", "registration", "fees", "background-check", "enforcement", "exemptions" ], "synonyms": [ "discount health care program operator registration", "Texas discount health plan registration", "DHCPO rules", "discount medical services program rules", "discount health care operator filing" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "IN", "code_name": "Insurance Code", "chapter": "7002", "title": "INSURANCE CODE CHAPTER 7002. SUPPLEMENTAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO DISCOUNT HEALTH CARE OPERATORS", "url": "/statutes/IN/7002.md", "json_url": "/statutes/IN/7002.json", "summary": "This chapter defines what counts as consideration for discount health care programs, especially when they sell or share patient information or prescription histories. It requires operators to give prospective members a clear disclosure about any data transfers before they enroll. Violations are enforced like other health‑care program rules, and the rules do not apply to health‑care sharing ministries.", "questions_answered": [ "Do discount health care programs have to tell me if they will sell my medical or prescription information?", "What must a discount health care operator disclose before I join the program?", "Is my prescription drug history considered part of the consideration for a discount health care program?", "Can a discount health care program share my patient data without my consent?", "What happens if a discount health care operator fails to provide the required disclosure?", "Are the disclosure rules the same for all discount health care programs?", "Do health‑care sharing ministries have to follow these disclosure requirements?", "How are violations of these rules enforced?", "What information is considered patient information under this chapter?", "Will I receive a notice about data sales before I enroll in a discount health care program?" ], "issue_tags": [ "discount-health-care", "patient-data-disclosure", "data-sale", "privacy", "enrollment-disclosure", "health-care-programs" ], "synonyms": [ "Discount health care operator disclosure rules", "Patient information sale requirements", "Discount health care program privacy provisions", "Data transfer disclosure for discount health care", "Health care sharing ministry exemption" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "1", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/LA/1.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/1.json", "summary": "Chapter 1 of the Texas Labor Code explains why the code exists and how it is organized to make the law easier to read. It tells you how references within the code are interpreted and how other laws that cite the old statutes are treated as references to the revised code. The chapter also says that cities and counties cannot create rules that conflict with the Labor Code on employment matters, and any such local rule is void.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the purpose of the Texas Labor Code?", "How does the Labor Code say statutes should be organized and cited?", "What does the code mean when it talks about internal references?", "If a law refers to an older statute, does it automatically point to the revised Labor Code?", "Can a city or county set its own rules about employee leave or hiring practices?", "What happens if a local ordinance conflicts with the Labor Code?", "Which employment topics are covered by the preemption rule?", "How does the Code Construction Act affect interpreting Labor Code provisions?", "Are municipal employment benefits allowed if they differ from the Labor Code?", "Where can I find the rules for how the Labor Code is constructed and applied?" ], "issue_tags": [ "labor-code-general", "statute-construction", "preemption", "municipal-authority", "employment-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "General Provisions of Texas Labor Code", "Labor Code Chapter 1", "Texas Labor Code introductory chapter", "Labor Code purpose and organization", "Labor Code preemption rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "21", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 21. EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION", "url": "/statutes/LA/21.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/21.json", "summary": "Chapter 21 of the Texas Labor Code makes it illegal for employers, labor unions, and employment agencies to discriminate in hiring, firing, pay, promotions, training, or other job terms based on race, color, disability, religion, sex, national origin, or age. It gives the Texas Workforce Commission the authority to investigate complaints, enforce the rules, and seek remedies such as reinstatement, back pay, and damages. The chapter also sets out procedures for filing complaints, timelines, and penalties for retaliation or interference.", "questions_answered": [ "What types of discrimination are illegal for employers in Texas?", "Which personal characteristics are protected under Texas employment discrimination law?", "How do I file a complaint with the Texas Workforce Commission about workplace discrimination?", "What is the deadline to file a discrimination complaint in Texas?", "Can I sue my employer for retaliation after I reported discrimination?", "Are hair styles like braids or locks covered by Texas anti‑discrimination rules?", "What accommodations must an employer provide for a disabled employee?", "What penalties can an employer face for interfering with the commission’s investigation?", "Does Texas law protect unpaid interns from sexual harassment?", "Can an employer discriminate based on genetic information or require a genetic test?" ], "issue_tags": [ "employment-discrimination", "protected-classes", "texas-workforce-commission", "complaint-process", "retaliation", "sexual-harassment", "disability-accommodation", "genetic-information" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Employment Discrimination Act", "Chapter 21 Labor Code", "Texas anti‑discrimination law", "Texas Workforce Commission enforcement", "Texas civil rights employment statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "22", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 22. EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION FOR PARTICIPATING IN EMERGENCY EVACUATION", "url": "/statutes/LA/22.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/22.json", "summary": "This chapter makes it illegal for an employer to fire or otherwise treat an employee unfairly because the employee left work to follow an official evacuation order during a disaster. It requires the employer to pay any lost wages and benefits and to reinstate the employee in the same or a comparable position. The rule does not apply to emergency services personnel who are provided shelter or to people needed for public safety or vital services.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my boss fire me for leaving work to obey a state evacuation order?", "What rights do I have if I’m discharged for participating in a disaster evacuation?", "Will my employer have to pay me for wages and benefits I lose because I had to evacuate?", "Am I entitled to get my old job back after being let go for following an evacuation order?", "Does this law protect regular employees who leave work during a hurricane, flood, or other emergency?", "Are firefighters, police officers, or EMTs covered by this protection?", "What if my employer says I’m not allowed to take time off for an evacuation—can they still fire me?", "Do contractors or temporary workers have the same protection as regular employees?", "What kinds of disasters trigger the employer’s obligation to protect employees?", "If I’m laid off because I left for an evacuation, will my health insurance and other benefits continue?", "Can an employer avoid liability by providing emergency shelter for its emergency‑services staff?", "Does this law apply if the evacuation order is only a recommendation rather than a mandatory order?" ], "issue_tags": [ "employment-discrimination", "emergency-evacuation", "worker-protections", "disaster-rights", "wage-recovery", "reinstatement" ], "synonyms": [ "evacuation-related employment discrimination", "disaster evacuation employee protection", "emergency evacuation labor law", "employee rights during evacuations", "workplace protection for evacuation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "23", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 23. VOLUNTARY VETERAN'S EMPLOYMENT PREFERENCE FOR PRIVATE EMPLOYERS", "url": "/statutes/LA/23.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/23.json", "summary": "This chapter lets private companies in Texas choose to give hiring, promotion, or retention preference to veterans who served on active duty and were honorably discharged. Employers must put the preference policy in writing, can optionally notify state agencies, and must apply it fairly and in good faith.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a private Texas employer give hiring preference to veterans?", "Do I need a written policy to offer veteran preference in hiring or promotions?", "What kind of proof does a veteran need to qualify for the preference?", "Does giving veterans preference conflict with anti‑discrimination laws?", "Can a private employer notify the Texas Workforce Commission about its veteran preference policy?", "Does the veteran preference apply when the company reduces its workforce?", "Are only honorably discharged veterans covered by this preference?", "Is it optional for private employers to adopt a veteran preference policy?", "What happens if a veteran is not selected despite the employer having a preference policy?", "Can the preference be used for promotion and retention decisions as well as hiring?" ], "issue_tags": [ "veteran-employment-preference", "private-employer-policy", "hiring-discrimination", "veteran-rights", "employment-preference", "texas-labor-law" ], "synonyms": [ "voluntary veteran preference", "veteran hiring preference", "private sector veteran employment policy", "Texas veteran employment preference", "veteran employment advantage" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "51", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 51. EMPLOYMENT OF CHILDREN", "url": "/statutes/LA/51.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/51.json", "summary": "This chapter sets Texas rules to keep children safe at work. It defines a child as anyone under 18, lists jobs and situations where kids can be employed, and limits the age, hours, and types of work for minors. It also describes hazardous occupations, special rules for newspaper routes, sales, and sexually oriented businesses, and outlines how violations are investigated, penalized, and appealed.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I hire a child who is under 14 years old in Texas?", "What jobs are allowed for children under 14, and are there any exemptions?", "How many hours per day and per week can a 14- or 15-year-old work?", "Can a minor work late at night if they are enrolled in school?", "Are family‑owned businesses exempt from child‑labor rules?", "Is delivering newspapers considered a hazardous occupation for a child?", "What rules apply to a child who sells items or solicits donations for a charity?", "Can a sexually oriented business employ anyone younger than 21?", "What penalties or fines could I face for violating child‑labor regulations?", "How do I obtain a certificate of age for my child?", "What is the process if I receive a child‑labor violation notice from the commission?", "Can a child under 14 work as a performer in a movie or TV production?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-employment", "labor-laws", "hazardous-occupations", "work-hours", "exemptions", "enforcement", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas child labor laws", "child employment regulations", "minor employment statutes", "child labor chapter", "employment of children code", "Texas Labor Code Chapter 51" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "52", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 52. MISCELLANEOUS RESTRICTIONS", "url": "/statutes/LA/52.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/52.json", "summary": "Chapter 52 of the Texas Labor Code lists a variety of workplace protections. It stops retail employers from forcing employees to work seven days straight, guarantees religious time off, bans blacklisting and retaliation for subpoena compliance, and limits how employers can control firearm storage in employee parking areas, among other specific rules.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a retail employer require me to work seven consecutive days?", "Am I entitled to at least one 24‑hour rest or worship period each week?", "Do part‑time workers have the same seven‑day work rule as full‑time employees?", "Can my boss fire or discipline me for obeying a subpoena?", "Is it illegal for an employer to put my name on a blacklist after I leave a job?", "May an employer force me to buy goods or deal with a certain company as a condition of employment?", "Are there restrictions on foreign ship crew members working on a dock?", "Do agricultural workers have to use hoes with handles at least four feet long?", "Can my employer prohibit me from storing my licensed handgun in my car in the employee parking lot?", "What penalties apply if an employer violates these restrictions?" ], "issue_tags": [ "retail-work-hours", "religious-accommodation", "blacklisting", "subpoena-protection", "firearm-storage", "foreign-crew", "hoe-length", "coercion-purchase" ], "synonyms": [ "miscellaneous labor restrictions", "Texas labor miscellaneous rules", "retail employee work‑week limits", "employee blacklist prohibition", "subpoena retaliation ban", "firearm parking restrictions", "foreign seagoing crew work ban", "agricultural hoe handle rule" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "61", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 61. PAYMENT OF WAGES", "url": "/statutes/LA/61.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/61.json", "summary": "Chapter 61 of the Texas Labor Code tells employers how and when they must pay wages, what forms of payment are allowed, and what deductions are permitted. It gives the Texas Workforce Commission power to enforce these rules, handle wage claims, impose bonds, and collect penalties. The chapter also sets out the process for filing wage claims, hearings, appeals, and the use of liens or levies against employers who don’t pay. It includes special rules for commissions, bonuses, and payroll‑card payments.", "questions_answered": [ "How often must my employer pay my wages?", "What if my employer doesn’t pay me on the scheduled payday?", "What forms of payment can my employer use to give me my wages?", "Can my employer deduct money from my paycheck without my permission?", "How do I file a wage claim if my employer fails to pay me?", "What is the deadline to file a wage claim in Texas?", "What penalties can an employer face for not paying wages on time?", "Can I receive my wages on a payroll card and what disclosures must I get?", "What are the rules for paying commissions and bonuses?", "What happens if an employer refuses to obey a commission subpoena?", "Can the state place a lien on an employer’s property for unpaid wages?", "How does the commission enforce wage orders and collect penalties?" ], "issue_tags": [ "wage-payment", "paydays", "wage-claims", "employer-penalties", "payroll-card", "commission-enforcement", "lien-levy" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Wage Payment Act", "Texas Labor Code Chapter 61", "Wage Payment and Collection provisions", "Texas wage claim process" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "62", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 62. MINIMUM WAGE", "url": "/statutes/LA/62.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/62.json", "summary": "The Texas Minimum Wage Act requires most employers to pay at least the federal minimum wage and to give employees a written earnings statement each pay period. It defines who is covered, lists many exemptions (such as certain agricultural, religious, nonprofit, and domestic jobs), and sets civil penalties and a two‑year limit for suing over unpaid wages.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the minimum wage that Texas employers must pay?", "Do Texas employers have to follow the federal minimum wage rate?", "What information must be included on my pay stub or earnings statement?", "Are tipped employees covered by the Texas minimum wage law?", "Which types of jobs are exempt from the Texas minimum wage requirements?", "Can a franchise owner be held responsible for employee wages under this law?", "What penalties can an employer face for not paying the minimum wage?", "How long do I have to file a lawsuit for unpaid wages in Texas?", "Do nonprofit or religious organizations have to follow the Texas minimum wage rules?", "Can meals or lodging provided by an employer count toward the minimum wage?" ], "issue_tags": [ "minimum-wage", "wage-exemptions", "pay-stubs", "civil-penalties", "tipped-employees", "agricultural-exemptions", "employer-liability" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Minimum Wage Act", "Chapter 62 of the Texas Labor Code", "Texas minimum wage law", "Texas wage regulations", "Minimum wage provisions", "Texas labor wage rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "63", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 63. ACTION ON ASSIGNMENT OF WAGES", "url": "/statutes/LA/63.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/63.json", "summary": "This chapter says that if a worker assigns their future wages to another party, that assignment does not stop the worker from suing the employer for wages that haven’t been earned yet, unless the employer receives written notice right after the assignment is made. It also notes that the rule does not change a specific provision in the Education Code.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to give my employer written notice if I assign my future wages to someone else?", "Can my employer ignore a wage assignment if they never received notice?", "Will an assignment of my paycheck affect my ability to sue for unpaid wages?", "What happens to a lawsuit for unearned wages if I have already assigned my salary?", "Is a wage assignment still valid against my employer without immediate notice?", "Do I need to inform my boss about a wage garnishment or assignment?", "Can I still claim back pay after assigning my wages to a creditor?", "Does this rule apply to teachers or other education employees?", "What is the effect of assigning wages on a claim for wages that are not yet earned?", "How soon must the employer be notified after I sign a wage assignment?" ], "issue_tags": [ "wage-assignment", "employer-notice", "unearned-wages", "labor-rights", "paycheck-garnishment" ], "synonyms": [ "assignment of wages", "wage assignment", "paycheck assignment", "salary assignment", "future earnings assignment", "wage garnishment notice requirement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "64", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 64. REDEMPTION OF EMPLOYER'S EVIDENCES OF INDEBTEDNESS FOR WAGES", "url": "/statutes/LA/64.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/64.json", "summary": "This chapter requires employers to redeem any non‑cash payment tools they give workers—like coupons, chips, scrip, or store orders—for cash at their full face value on a regular payday. If the employer refuses, the employee can sue to recover the amount, a 25% penalty, and court costs.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my employer pay me with coupons or other non‑cash items instead of cash?", "What does \"employer's evidence of indebtedness\" mean?", "Do I have the right to demand cash for a work coupon or scrip?", "How do I get cash for a store order or punchout my employer gave me?", "What can I do if my employer refuses to redeem my wage voucher?", "Can I sue my employer for not paying me in cash?", "What penalty does an employer face for refusing redemption?", "Do I need a lawyer to enforce my right to cash redemption?", "Is there a specific day I must ask for redemption?", "Does this rule apply to all types of non‑cash wage instruments?", "Can a third party hold my employer's evidence of indebtedness and still demand cash?", "How is the face value of a store order calculated?" ], "issue_tags": [ "wage-payment", "non-cash-wages", "redemption-rights", "employer-penalties", "labor-law", "wage-recovery" ], "synonyms": [ "employer's evidence of indebtedness", "wage coupons", "scrip redemption", "non-cash wage instruments", "employer-issued vouchers" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "81", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 81. WORK AND FAMILY POLICIES", "url": "/statutes/LA/81.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/81.json", "summary": "This chapter directs the Texas Workforce Commission to provide online information and resources about family‑related employment policies, such as hiring, scheduling, benefits, and dependent‑care assistance. It allows the commission to promote these policies, share examples, accept grants and donations, and adopt rules, but it does not require employers to adopt any specific policy or provide legal advice.", "questions_answered": [ "What information does the Texas Workforce Commission offer to employers about work and family policies?", "Can the commission require my business to adopt a family‑related employment policy?", "How can I apply for a grant to run a dependent‑care demonstration project?", "What types of materials can the commission share with employers about work‑family policies?", "Are there tax incentives for employers who implement work and family policies in Texas?", "Can the commission accept gifts or donations to support work‑family programs?", "Where can I find examples of work and family policies used by other Texas employers?", "Does the commission provide legal advice on work and family policies?", "What rules has the commission adopted to implement this chapter?", "How does the commission promote work and family policies to employers?" ], "issue_tags": [ "work-family-policies", "texas-workforce-commission", "employer-resources", "dependent-care-grants", "tax-incentives", "employer-benefits" ], "synonyms": [ "Work and Family Policies Chapter", "Texas Work‑Family Policies", "Employer Family Benefits Guidelines", "TWC Work‑Family Resources", "Family‑Related Employment Policies" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "82", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 82. DISCHARGE OF LIABILITY UNDER CERTAIN EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS", "url": "/statutes/LA/82.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/82.json", "summary": "This chapter explains that when an employer or a plan trustee pays money or refunds under a retirement, death, or savings plan, that payment generally clears the employer or trustee of any further claims, unless someone notifies them that they also have a right to part of the payment. It tells where such notice must be sent, how a corporation can handle stock that is part of a payment, and notes that the rules only apply to the parties making or receiving the payment.", "questions_answered": [ "If I receive a pension or benefit payment, does that protect my former employer from being sued later?", "What should I do if I think I have a claim to a benefit payment that someone else already received?", "Where must I send a notice if I want to claim part of a benefit payment?", "Can a company transfer stock that is part of a benefit payment to another person?", "Does this law apply to disputes between beneficiaries that don’t involve the employer or trustee?", "Who is considered an employer under this chapter?", "What types of employee benefit plans are covered by this law?", "If I am an heir or legatee, does receiving a payment end any further claims against the employer?", "Can a trustee avoid liability by sending a payment without receiving a notice first?", "What happens if a corporation receives stock as part of a benefit payment and later gets a notice of another claim?" ], "issue_tags": [ "employee-benefit-plan", "liability-discharge", "notice-requirements", "stock-transfer", "benefit-payment" ], "synonyms": [ "discharge of liability under employee benefit plans", "benefit plan payment protection", "employee benefit plan liability release", "benefit plan discharge rules", "payment and refund liability rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "91", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 91. PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYER ORGANIZATIONS", "url": "/statutes/LA/91.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/91.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a licensing system for companies that provide professional employer services, often called PEOs. It defines how a co‑employment relationship works, what financial and background checks are required, and what ongoing reporting, notice, and insurance duties the license holder must meet. It also lists prohibited actions and the penalties for operating without a license.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to offer professional employer services in Texas?", "What is a co‑employment relationship and who is considered a covered employee?", "What financial resources must a PEO have to get or renew a license?", "What background checks are required for a PEO applicant and its controlling persons?", "What written notices must a PEO give to its clients and to the employees it covers?", "Can a PEO operate under a different business name or change its name without a new license?", "What are the penalties for providing professional employer services without a license or with an expired license?", "How are workers’ compensation and unemployment taxes handled for employees in a co‑employment arrangement?", "What is a limited license and when can a PEO qualify for one?", "Are franchise owners required to be licensed as PEOs when they share employees with a franchisee?" ], "issue_tags": [ "professional-employer-organization", "licensing", "coemployment", "financial-requirements", "workers-compensation", "compliance", "prohibited-acts" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas PEO licensing", "professional employer services regulation", "co‑employment law", "PEO licensing chapter", "professional employer organization statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "92", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 92. TEMPORARY COMMON WORKER EMPLOYERS", "url": "/statutes/LA/92.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/92.json", "summary": "This chapter creates rules for businesses that supply unskilled laborers, known as temporary common worker employers. It tells who is covered, what records must be kept, what fees cannot be charged to workers, and what facilities a labor hall must provide. Local governments can enforce these standards and may add stricter requirements in large cities.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a temporary common worker employer?", "Who counts as a common worker?", "Can a staffing agency charge me for tools, uniforms, or other work‑related items?", "What records does a temporary common worker employer have to keep about my job?", "How long must a staffing agency keep my employment records?", "What facilities must a labor hall provide for workers waiting for assignments?", "Are there any types of agencies that are exempt from these rules?", "Can a city with more than one million people set stricter standards for staffing agencies?", "Who has the authority to enforce the rules for temporary common worker employers?", "Can a temporary common worker employer deduct money from my wages?", "What charges are prohibited for workers supplied by a temporary common worker employer?", "Do these rules apply to agencies that do not operate a labor hall?" ], "issue_tags": [ "temporary-worker-employers", "labor-hall-standards", "prohibited-charges", "record-keeping", "municipal-regulation", "exemptions" ], "synonyms": [ "temporary common worker employer", "staffing agency", "temporary labor agency", "common worker staffing", "unskilled labor provider", "labor hall operator" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "93", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 93. TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/LA/93.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/93.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for temporary staffing agencies in Texas. It defines who is a temporary employee and what a temporary employment service does, bans agencies from rejecting applicants solely because they lack a high school diploma unless the job truly requires it, says the chapter creates no private right to sue, and outlines how workers' compensation insurance must be documented for both the agency and its client.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a temp agency turn me down just because I don’t have a high school diploma?", "When does a temporary staffing service have to require a high school diploma for a job?", "Do I have a right to sue a temp agency if they discriminate against me?", "What proof does a temp agency need to show it has workers’ compensation insurance?", "Does my client (the company I’m assigned to) also need workers’ compensation coverage?", "Can I choose a different workers’ compensation election for the client than for the temp agency?", "What is the legal definition of a temporary employee in Texas?", "What kinds of work situations qualify for temporary staffing services?", "If a temp worker elects to keep a common‑law right to sue, does that apply to the client company?", "Are there any special rules for seasonal or project‑based temporary work?" ], "issue_tags": [ "temporary-employment", "staffing-agencies", "workers-compensation", "employment-discrimination", "hiring-requirements", "labor-law" ], "synonyms": [ "temp agency regulations", "temporary staffing rules", "temporary employment service statutes", "temp worker guidelines", "temporary labor provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "101", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 101. LABOR ORGANIZATIONS", "url": "/statutes/LA/101.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/101.json", "summary": "This chapter protects workers’ ability to form and join labor unions, bargain collectively, and work regardless of union membership. It sets rules for union elections, fees, record keeping, and organizer licensing, and it limits how unions may picket or charge members. Violations can lead to civil penalties, criminal offenses, and injunctive relief.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an employer require me to join a union or pay union dues from my paycheck?", "What rights do I have to organize or join a labor union?", "Am I allowed to work if I choose not to be a union member?", "What fees can a union charge, and how must they be handled?", "Do unions have to hold elections for officers, and how often?", "What are the rules for picketing in front of a workplace?", "Can a union expel a member without cause, and what process is required?", "What records can I inspect in a union’s books and accounts?", "Do labor organizers need a special card, and how do I obtain one?", "What penalties apply if a union or organizer breaks these rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "labor-rights", "union-fees", "right-to-work", "union-elections", "picketing", "union-regulation", "civil-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Labor Organizations chapter", "Texas Labor Code Chapter 101", "Union regulation provisions", "Right-to-work statutes", "Labor union law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "102", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 102. LABOR ARBITRATION", "url": "/statutes/LA/102.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/102.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a five‑member arbitration board to settle employer‑employee disputes, explains how the board and its officers are chosen, and sets rules for hearings, fees, and award enforcement. It also limits firings, strikes, and boycotts while arbitration is pending and provides a path for filing and appealing arbitration awards.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I start an arbitration for a workplace dispute?", "What are the steps to form an arbitration board?", "Who can serve as members of the arbitration board?", "How is the chairman of the arbitration board chosen?", "Can an employee be fired while arbitration is pending?", "Can a union or employees strike during an arbitration?", "What fees and reimbursements are paid to board members and witnesses?", "How is an arbitration award filed and enforced?", "When must an arbitration award be filed with the court?", "How can I appeal an arbitration award?", "What is the deadline to file an appeal or exception to an award?", "Can the same dispute be arbitrated again within a year?" ], "issue_tags": [ "labor-arbitration", "employer-employee-disputes", "arbitration-board", "award-appeals", "strike-restrictions", "board-selection", "filing-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "Labor arbitration process", "Employer‑employee arbitration", "Arbitration board procedure", "Workplace dispute arbitration", "Labor dispute resolution", "Arbitration award enforcement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "103", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 103. DISCLOSURE BY EMPLOYER OF INFORMATION REGARDING CERTAIN EMPLOYEES OR FORMER EMPLOYEES", "url": "/statutes/LA/103.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/103.json", "summary": "This chapter lets employers share truthful information about a current or former employee's job performance with a prospective employer, either on request or at the employee's request. Employers (and their authorized representatives) are protected from civil lawsuits unless the shared information was known to be false or was given with malice. The rule does not apply to certain protected conduct of licensed nurses, and employers are not required to give a reference at all.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my former employer give a reference about my job performance to a new employer?", "Am I protected if my former employer shares information about my work history?", "What happens if an employer shares false information about me?", "Does this law require my employer to give me a reference?", "Can a prospective employer request a performance reference from my current or former employer?", "Are employers immune from lawsuits when they provide job performance information?", "Does this rule apply to licensed nurses and their protected conduct?", "What counts as an employee under this law?", "Can an employer share information about my attendance, skills, and behavior with a new employer?", "Do I need to give permission for my former employer to share my work information?", "What legal standard must be met to prove an employer acted with malice in a reference?", "Are managers or other representatives also covered by the immunity provision?" ], "issue_tags": [ "employee-references", "employer-immunity", "job-performance-disclosure", "nurse-protections", "civil-liability", "employment-law" ], "synonyms": [ "employment reference immunity", "employee performance disclosure", "job reference protection", "employer liability shield", "prospective employer information request", "nurse reference exception" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "104", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 104. INFORMATION REGARDING EARNED INCOME TAX CREDIT", "url": "/statutes/LA/104.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/104.json", "summary": "This chapter requires Texas employers to give each employee clear information about the federal Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) by March 1 each year. The information must be delivered directly—not just posted—through in‑person talks, email, payroll flyers, or first‑class mail, and employers may also include IRS publications and the tax forms needed to claim the credit. The state commission will periodically remind employers of these duties and may set detailed delivery rules.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to give my workers information about the Earned Income Tax Credit?", "When must I provide the EITC eligibility information to employees?", "Can I satisfy the requirement by just posting a notice at the workplace?", "What delivery methods are allowed for the EITC information?", "Am I required to include IRS publications or tax forms with the notice?", "Does the Texas Workforce Commission send reminders about this requirement?", "What should I do if I miss the March 1 deadline?", "Do part‑time or seasonal employees also need to receive the EITC information?", "Can I send the EITC notice by email to my employees?", "Where can I find the official information that I need to give to employees?" ], "issue_tags": [ "earned-income-tax-credit", "employer-notification", "employee-information", "payroll-communication", "texas-labor-code", "compliance-deadline" ], "synonyms": [ "EITC employer notice requirement", "Earned Income Tax Credit information distribution", "Employer employee tax credit info", "Texas Labor Code Chapter 104", "Employer EITC disclosure rule" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "104A", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 104A. REPORTING WORKPLACE VIOLENCE", "url": "/statutes/LA/104A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/104A.json", "summary": "This chapter requires every Texas employer to display a notice that tells workers how to report workplace violence or suspicious activity to the Department of Public Safety. The notice must be easy to see, placed where all employees can access it, and provided in English and Spanish when needed. The Texas Workforce Commission, working with the Department of Public Safety, will set the exact wording and format, and the notice must explain that reports can be made anonymously.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to put up a workplace violence notice at my business?", "What information must be included on the workplace violence notice?", "Does the notice need to be posted in both English and Spanish?", "Where should the notice be placed so employees can see it?", "Can employees report workplace violence anonymously?", "Who decides the exact wording and format of the notice?", "When did this posting requirement become effective?", "Which agency receives the reports of workplace violence?", "What happens if I fail to post the required notice?", "Do small businesses have the same posting obligations as larger employers?", "Do I need to post multiple copies of the notice at different locations?", "Is there a specific form or template I must use for the notice?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workplace-violence-notice", "employer-posting-requirements", "texas-workplace-safety", "anonymous-reporting", "dps-contact", "labor-code-104a" ], "synonyms": [ "Workplace Violence Reporting Notice", "Employer Violence Reporting Requirement", "Texas workplace violence posting rule", "Section 104A posting rule", "Employer notice for DPS reports", "Workplace safety notice requirement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "105", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 105. EMPLOYMENT TERMINATION FOR FALSIFICATION OF MILITARY RECORD IN OBTAINING EMPLOYMENT OR EMPLOYMENT BENEFITS", "url": "/statutes/LA/105.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/105.json", "summary": "This chapter allows an employer to fire an employee who lies about their military record when applying for a job or related benefits, and any contract with that employee becomes void. It also gives the employee a right to sue the employer if they believe the termination was wrongful, seeking reinstatement, back pay, and benefits.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my employer fire me for lying about my military service on a job application?", "What happens to my employment contract if I falsify my military record to get a job?", "Can I be sued for wrongful termination if I was fired for misrepresenting my military background?", "What evidence does an employer need to justify firing someone for false military information?", "Do I have to disclose my military service to qualify for employment or benefits?", "What benefits can I lose if I lie about my military record when applying for a job?", "Can I be reinstated or get back wages after being terminated for falsifying my military record?", "How do I challenge a termination that was based on alleged false military information?", "Is it illegal for an employer to keep a contract with an employee who was fired for military record fraud?", "What legal steps can I take if I think my termination for military record misrepresentation was unjust?" ], "issue_tags": [ "employment-termination", "military-record-fraud", "contract-void", "wrongful-termination-suit", "Texas-labor-law" ], "synonyms": [ "falsification of military record employment rule", "military service misrepresentation termination", "employment termination for false military info", "Texas Labor Code Chapter 105", "military record fraud employment law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "201", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 201. UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION ACT--GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/LA/201.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/201.json", "summary": "This chapter creates the Texas Unemployment Compensation Act, defining who must pay into the unemployment fund, what work counts as employment, and what wages are used to calculate benefits. It sets out the rules for employers, employees, and the types of jobs that are excluded or included, and explains how total and partial unemployment are measured.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is considered an employer for Texas unemployment insurance purposes?", "What types of work are excluded from unemployment coverage in Texas?", "How does Texas law define \"employment\" for unemployment benefits?", "What is the difference between total and partial unemployment under the Act?", "How is the base period for calculating unemployment benefits determined?", "Are farm and ranch workers covered by Texas unemployment insurance?", "Do temporary help firms and staffing agencies count as employers?", "Are religious workers or volunteers excluded from unemployment benefits?", "What wages are counted toward an employer’s contribution to the unemployment fund?", "When does an employee become eligible to file an initial unemployment claim?" ], "issue_tags": [ "unemployment-compensation", "employer-definition", "employment-definition", "benefit-eligibility", "wage-definition", "exceptions", "partial-unemployment" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Unemployment Compensation Act", "Texas UI law", "Texas unemployment insurance statutes", "TWC unemployment rules", "Tex. Labor Code Chapter 201" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "202", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 202. TEXAS EMPLOYMENT COMMISSION", "url": "/statutes/LA/202.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/202.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a Division of Education inside the Texas Employment Commission. The division helps the agency administrator and the commission carry out education‑related duties under the Education Code. It also requires the administrator to provide enough staff for the division to do its work.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Division of Education in the Texas Employment Commission?", "Who is responsible for staffing the Division of Education?", "How does the Texas Employment Commission support education programs?", "What role does the agency administrator play in the Division of Education?", "Does the Texas Employment Commission have a part that deals with education?", "How are education‑related functions administered under the Texas Employment Commission?", "What staff requirements are set for the Division of Education?", "Can the Division of Education operate without enough personnel?", "How does the Texas Employment Commission coordinate with the Education Code?", "Who assigns staff to the Division of Education?", "What is the purpose of the Division of Education within the commission?", "How does the commission assist with Chapter 132 of the Education Code?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-employment-commission", "division-of-education", "staffing-requirements", "education-code", "agency-administrator" ], "synonyms": [ "Division of Education within the Texas Employment Commission", "TEC education division", "Texas Employment Commission education unit", "Agency administrator's education staff division", "Education functions under Chapter 132" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "203", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 203. FINANCING AND FUNDS", "url": "/statutes/LA/203.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/203.json", "summary": "Chapter 203 lays out how Texas handles the money that pays unemployment benefits. It describes the different funds (compensation, administration, special), the comptroller’s duties, how deposits and withdrawals work, and how the state can issue bonds or assess employers to keep the fund solvent. The chapter also sets rules for reserves, refunds, and what happens if federal funds disappear.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas manage the money that pays unemployment benefits?", "Who is responsible for handling the unemployment compensation fund?", "Can the state borrow or issue bonds to pay unemployment benefits?", "What is the unemployment obligation assessment and how is it calculated?", "What are the administration fund and special administration fund used for?", "What happens to money left over in the benefit account after a claim period ends?", "How does Texas keep the unemployment fund solvent and maintain reserves?", "Can unemployment funds be transferred to other state programs like the Texas Enterprise Fund?", "What liability does the state have if unemployment funds are misused?", "How are deposits and withdrawals from the unemployment funds coordinated with the federal trust fund?" ], "issue_tags": [ "unemployment-fund-management", "comptroller-roles", "bond-financing", "fund-reserves", "federal-trust-fund", "special-administration-fund" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Unemployment Compensation Funding", "Unemployment Insurance Financing", "Chapter 203 Unemployment Funds", "Texas Unemployment Fund Rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "204", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 204. CONTRIBUTIONS", "url": "/statutes/LA/204.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/204.json", "summary": "Chapter 204 explains how Texas employers must pay unemployment insurance contributions, how the state sets and adjusts contribution rates, and how chargebacks for paid benefits are applied. It also covers special rates for certain industries, voluntary contributions, penalties for non‑payment, and rules for transferring experience ratings when businesses are bought or merged. Government employers and a small training assessment are treated separately.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I calculate the unemployment tax rate my business must pay?", "When and how must I submit my unemployment contributions to the state?", "Can I deduct the unemployment contribution from my employees' wages?", "What is a chargeback and how is it divided among my employees' former employers?", "Are there lower contribution rates for agricultural or other special industries?", "What happens to my tax rate if I acquire another company or part of its business?", "Can I make a voluntary contribution to lower my future tax rate?", "What penalties or fines apply if I miss a contribution deadline?", "How does the state handle surplus funds from unemployment contributions?", "Do government employers have different contribution rules or rates?" ], "issue_tags": [ "unemployment-contributions", "experience-rating", "chargebacks", "tax-rate-calculation", "employer-penalties", "business-acquisition", "government-employers", "training-assessment" ], "synonyms": [ "unemployment tax contributions", "employer contribution requirements", "Texas unemployment insurance contributions", "unemployment compensation tax", "experience rating contributions", "employer tax rate calculation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "205", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 205. REIMBURSEMENTS", "url": "/statutes/LA/205.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/205.json", "summary": "This chapter lets certain employers—like state agencies, nonprofit groups, and Indian tribes—choose to reimburse the unemployment fund for workers' benefits instead of paying regular contributions. It sets the timing for making the election, how long it must last, the amount to be paid, and what happens if payments are late or the employer stops being a reimbursing employer. It also provides rules for group reimbursement accounts, required bonds, and special state provisions.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a state agency elect to pay reimbursements for unemployment benefits instead of contributions?", "What deadline must a governmental entity meet to choose the reimbursement option?", "How long does an employer’s election to become a reimbursing employer last?", "Can a nonprofit organization withdraw its reimbursement election, and if so, when?", "What happens if a reimbursing employer fails to pay the required reimbursements on time?", "How are reimbursement amounts calculated for employers that choose this option?", "Are there special rules for Indian tribes that want to become reimbursing employers?", "Can multiple reimbursing employers form a group account to share benefit costs?", "Is a surety bond required for reimbursing employers, and what are the consequences of not filing one?", "What are the consequences if a governmental employer becomes delinquent in its reimbursements?" ], "issue_tags": [ "unemployment-reimbursement", "employer-election", "government-employers", "nonprofit-employers", "indian-tribe", "group-account", "bond-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "reimbursing employer election", "employer reimbursement option", "unemployment benefit reimbursement", "reimbursement election", "reimbursing employer provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "206", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 206. UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE COVERAGE", "url": "/statutes/LA/206.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/206.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas businesses when they must be considered an employer for unemployment insurance, how they can choose to be covered, and the steps to end that coverage. It says any business that hires workers in a calendar year is covered for the whole year, but businesses can also elect coverage for at least two years, even for services that don’t normally count as employment. The chapter explains how to apply to stop coverage and notes that a business that stops and later restarts is treated as a new employer.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to pay unemployment insurance if I hire someone for only part of the year?", "Can my small business choose to be covered by unemployment insurance?", "How long must I stay covered once I elect unemployment insurance coverage?", "Can I treat freelance or contract work as employment for unemployment insurance purposes?", "What is the process to stop being an employer for unemployment insurance?", "What happens to my unemployment insurance rights if I stop coverage and later hire again?", "Do I need to file paperwork to end my unemployment insurance coverage?", "When can I terminate my unemployment insurance coverage?", "If I have had no employees for three years, can I end coverage without filing an application?", "How do I elect coverage for services that don’t normally count as employment?", "What are the effects of electing coverage on my business’s unemployment insurance obligations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "unemployment-insurance", "employer-coverage", "coverage-election", "coverage-termination", "texas-labor-law" ], "synonyms": [ "Unemployment insurance coverage rules", "Employer coverage election", "Texas unemployment insurance", "Unemployment insurance eligibility", "Coverage termination provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "207", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 207. BENEFITS", "url": "/statutes/LA/207.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/207.json", "summary": "Chapter 207 of the Texas Labor Code lays out how unemployment benefits are paid, who can receive them, and how the benefit amount is calculated. It defines eligibility, what counts as suitable work, and the reasons a claimant can be denied or lose benefits. The chapter also includes rules for training, drug testing, child‑support and food‑stamp withholding, tax withholding, and protects claimants from illegal waivers or deductions.", "questions_answered": [ "How is my weekly unemployment benefit amount calculated?", "What do I need to do to be eligible for unemployment benefits?", "Can I receive benefits if I am only partially unemployed?", "What kinds of work are considered suitable for me to accept?", "What actions can cause me to lose or be denied unemployment benefits?", "Are there special rules for people who are pregnant, disabled, or affected by a disaster?", "Can I keep receiving benefits while I am in approved training or a drug‑testing program?", "Do I have to pay any fees to apply for unemployment benefits?", "How does the state handle child‑support obligations or food‑stamp overpayments from my benefits?", "Can I have federal income tax withheld from my unemployment benefits?" ], "issue_tags": [ "unemployment-benefits", "eligibility", "benefit-amounts", "disqualification", "training", "child-support", "tax-withholding" ], "synonyms": [ "Unemployment compensation benefits", "Texas unemployment benefits", "UI benefits", "Unemployment insurance benefits", "Chapter 207 benefits provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "208", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 208. BENEFIT CLAIMS", "url": "/statutes/LA/208.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/208.json", "summary": "Chapter 208 lays out the process for filing unemployment benefit claims in Texas, including how claims are submitted, how employers are notified, and how claim status can be checked. It also describes how the commission determines the validity of an initial claim, sets the benefit year, amount, and duration, and explains the claimant’s right to request a redetermination or appeal within a set time frame.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I file an initial unemployment benefit claim in Texas?", "What information does my employer need to post about filing a claim?", "Who receives notice when I file a claim and how is it sent?", "What must my former employer do if they receive a claim notice?", "What happens if my former employer doesn’t respond to the claim notice?", "How can I check the status of my unemployment claim?", "When will I receive a notice about the commission’s decision on my claim?", "How long do I have to appeal or request a redetermination of the commission’s decision?", "What does “last work” mean for my unemployment claim?", "Can my employer change the address where claim notices are sent?" ], "issue_tags": [ "unemployment-benefits", "claim-filing", "employer-notice", "claim-status", "initial-claim-determination", "appeal-process" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Unemployment Compensation Act", "Chapter 208", "Benefit Claims Chapter", "Unemployment claim procedures" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "209", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 209. EXTENDED BENEFITS", "url": "/statutes/LA/209.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/209.json", "summary": "Chapter 209 of the Texas Labor Code sets the rules for extended unemployment benefits. It explains when an extended benefit period begins and ends, who qualifies, how much money is paid, what job‑search activities are required, and how the benefits are funded and charged to employers.", "questions_answered": [ "When does an extended unemployment benefit period start and end?", "How long can an extended benefit period last?", "What makes a week a state “on” or “off” indicator for extended benefits?", "What are the eligibility requirements to receive extended unemployment benefits?", "Do I have to actively look for work to keep receiving extended benefits?", "What counts as suitable work for someone receiving extended benefits?", "How is the weekly amount of extended benefits calculated?", "What is the maximum total amount of extended benefits I can receive?", "What happens if I was disqualified for regular benefits?", "How are extended benefits paid and funded?", "Do employers have to pay charges for extended benefits?", "Can federal funding change the amount or length of my extended benefits?" ], "issue_tags": [ "unemployment-benefits", "extended-benefits", "eligibility", "benefit-amount", "work-requirements", "funding", "employer-charges" ], "synonyms": [ "Extended Unemployment Benefits", "Extended Benefits Chapter", "Texas Extended Unemployment", "Chapter 209 Extended Benefits", "Extended Benefits under Texas Labor Code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "210", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 210. BACK PAY AWARDS; LOST OR MISPLACED WARRANTS", "url": "/statutes/LA/210.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/210.json", "summary": "This chapter tells employers how to reimburse the unemployment fund when a worker's back‑pay award is cut because they received unemployment benefits. It also says the employee isn’t responsible for that overpayment. The chapter explains how a claimant can get a replacement warrant if the original is lost, and sets one‑year deadlines for cashing or replacing those warrants.", "questions_answered": [ "What must an employer do if a back‑pay award is reduced because the employee got unemployment benefits?", "Does the employee have to repay unemployment benefits that were overpaid because of a back‑pay award?", "How does an employer reimburse the unemployment compensation fund for a reduced back‑pay award?", "What is the deadline for cashing a warrant issued for unemployment benefits?", "How can I get a replacement warrant if I lost the original one?", "Can a replacement warrant be issued after a year has passed since the original warrant was issued?", "Who must notify the unemployment commission when a back‑pay award is reduced?", "Is there a limit on how much an employer has to reimburse for the overpayment?", "What happens to the employee’s liability for overpaid unemployment benefits when the employer reimburses the fund?", "What are the steps to prove loss of a warrant to get a replacement?", "Can a warrant be cashed after the first anniversary of its issue date?", "What rules govern the employer’s reimbursement process?" ], "issue_tags": [ "back-pay-reimbursement", "unemployment-overpayment", "lost-warrant-replacement", "employer-liability", "warrant-deadline" ], "synonyms": [ "Back Pay Award Reduction Rules", "Employer Reimbursement for Unemployment Benefits", "Lost or Misplaced Unemployment Warrants", "Unemployment Compensation Overpayment Procedures", "Replacement Warrants for Benefits" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "211", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 211. RECIPROCAL ARRANGEMENTS", "url": "/statutes/LA/211.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/211.json", "summary": "This chapter lets the Texas unemployment commission make agreements with other states or federal agencies to decide where a worker’s job is considered to be performed for unemployment insurance. It also sets rules for combining wages from different states, handling overpayments, and treating work on vessels or aircraft that travel across state or national lines.", "questions_answered": [ "How is my work location determined for unemployment benefits if I work in more than one state?", "Can my unemployment claim be based on wages earned in another state?", "What happens if I receive too much unemployment money from Texas and another state?", "Do state employees who work out of state still count as Texas employees for unemployment purposes?", "How are unemployment benefits handled for jobs on ships or airplanes that travel between states?", "Can Texas and another state combine my wages to calculate my unemployment benefits?", "What is the process if an overpayment is recovered by offsetting benefits from another state?", "Does the federal unemployment system have reciprocal agreements with Texas?", "Which state’s unemployment laws apply if I live in one state but work for a company based in another?", "How does Texas coordinate unemployment benefits with other states when I have jobs in multiple states?" ], "issue_tags": [ "unemployment-benefits", "interstate-employment", "reciprocal-agreements", "overpayment-recovery", "state-employees", "federal-coordination" ], "synonyms": [ "Reciprocal arrangements", "Interstate unemployment agreements", "Cross‑state unemployment rules", "Multi‑state employment coverage", "Unemployment benefit coordination" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "212", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 212. DISPUTE RESOLUTION", "url": "/statutes/LA/212.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/212.json", "summary": "Chapter 212 sets out the steps for handling disputed unemployment compensation claims in Texas. It covers how hearings are run, how decisions are made by examiners and appeal tribunals, how benefits are paid during appeals, and how parties can seek further review by the commission or a court. The chapter also details record‑keeping, witness fees, and rules for reversing decisions and recovering overpaid benefits.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I appeal a denied unemployment claim in Texas?", "What is the process for a hearing on a disputed unemployment claim?", "When will my unemployment benefits be paid while my appeal is pending?", "What deadlines must I meet to file an appeal or a rehearing?", "Can a decision be changed after it is issued, and what happens to benefits then?", "Who decides the final outcome of a disputed claim – an examiner, an appeal tribunal, or the commission?", "How are witnesses compensated in an unemployment dispute hearing?", "How can I challenge a commission decision in court?", "Do I need to post a bond when I appeal a court decision on my unemployment claim?", "Can the commission move a case from an appeal tribunal back to itself?" ], "issue_tags": [ "unemployment-dispute", "appeal-process", "commission-review", "benefit-payment", "judicial-review", "examiner-determination" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas unemployment claim dispute resolution", "Chapter 212 dispute procedures", "Unemployment compensation appeal rules", "Texas Labor Code dispute resolution" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "213", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 213. ENFORCEMENT OF TEXAS UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION ACT", "url": "/statutes/LA/213.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/213.json", "summary": "Chapter 213 tells how Texas enforces the state’s unemployment compensation system. It explains who can sue or prosecute employers, how penalties and interest are calculated, how the state can collect unpaid contributions through civil actions, liens, and notices, and what remedies exist for both the commission and employers.", "questions_answered": [ "What can the state do if my business fails to pay unemployment contributions on time?", "How are penalties and interest calculated for late unemployment tax reports?", "Can the state file a civil lawsuit or issue a notice of assessment to collect unpaid unemployment taxes?", "What is the process for the commission to place a lien on my property for unpaid contributions?", "How can an employer challenge a notice of assessment or a civil judgment for unemployment taxes?", "Are there special rules for collecting unemployment taxes from Indian tribes?", "Can I rely on a court ruling that says certain workers are not employees for unemployment tax purposes?", "What happens if I violate an injunction the commission obtains against me?", "How does the commission enforce out‑of‑state judgments for unpaid unemployment taxes?", "What are the employer’s rights if the commission audits my payroll and finds unpaid contributions?", "How do I apply for a refund or adjustment if I overpaid unemployment taxes?", "What are the limits on how long the state has to start a collection action for unpaid contributions?" ], "issue_tags": [ "unemployment-collection", "employer-penalties", "tax-lien", "civil-action", "interest-penalties", "notice-assessment", "indian-tribe" ], "synonyms": [ "Enforcement of Texas Unemployment Compensation Act", "Texas unemployment tax enforcement", "Unemployment contribution enforcement", "Texas UI collection rules", "Texas unemployment penalty statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "214", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 214. OFFENSES, PENALTIES, AND SANCTIONS", "url": "/statutes/LA/214.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/214.json", "summary": "Chapter 214 lists the illegal actions related to Texas unemployment benefits, such as lying on a claim, hiding facts, not paying required contributions, and misclassifying workers. It sets the penalties for those actions, including misdemeanor charges, repayment of improper benefits, forfeiture of future benefits, fines, and the ability to collect debts through a federal tax‑refund offset program.", "questions_answered": [ "What can happen if I lie or hide information on my unemployment claim?", "Can I be charged for not paying the unemployment taxes my employer owes?", "What are the penalties for classifying a worker as an independent contractor when they should be an employee?", "How does Texas recover benefits that were paid by mistake?", "What fine or penalty applies if I fail to submit required unemployment reports or records?", "What is the criminal class for unemployment fraud in Texas?", "Can the state take money from my federal tax refund to collect unpaid unemployment debt?", "What percentage of the improperly received benefit must I pay as a penalty?", "Do I get a hearing before a penalty or forfeiture is applied?", "How much is the penalty for each worker I misclassify under a government contract?", "What happens if I refuse to make required contributions as an employer?", "Can the commission collect past‑due contributions the same way it collects other debts?" ], "issue_tags": [ "unemployment-fraud", "misclassification", "contribution-nonpayment", "penalties", "restitution", "federal-tax-offset", "reporting-violations" ], "synonyms": [ "Unemployment compensation offenses", "Unemployment fraud penalties", "Texas unemployment fraud statutes", "Chapter 214 offenses", "Unemployment benefit fraud rules", "Employer contribution violations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "215", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 215. SHARED WORK UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/LA/215.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/215.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a voluntary program that lets employers cut workers' hours instead of laying them off, while giving those workers a partial unemployment benefit based on how much their pay is reduced. It explains how employers must get the plan approved, what the plan must contain, how it can be changed or ended, and how employee eligibility and benefit amounts are calculated.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my employer reduce my work hours instead of laying me off and still get unemployment benefits?", "What does an employer need to do to get a shared work plan approved?", "Which employees are eligible for shared work unemployment benefits?", "How is the amount of shared work benefits calculated?", "Can a shared work plan be changed after it’s approved?", "How long does a shared work plan stay in effect?", "Do I keep my health insurance and other fringe benefits while on a shared work plan?", "What training opportunities are available under the shared work program?", "What happens if my employer doesn’t follow the approved shared work plan?", "Can I receive regular unemployment benefits after my shared work benefits run out?", "Are there limits on how many weeks I can receive shared work benefits?", "Do collective bargaining agreements affect the approval of a shared work plan?" ], "issue_tags": [ "shared-work", "unemployment-benefits", "employer-plan-approval", "reduced-hours", "benefit-calculation", "plan-modification", "fringe-benefits" ], "synonyms": [ "shared work program", "reduced-hours unemployment", "partial unemployment benefits", "shared work plan", "voluntary work reduction program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "301", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 301. TEXAS WORKFORCE COMMISSION", "url": "/statutes/LA/301.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/301.json", "summary": "The Texas Workforce Commission (TWC) is the state agency that runs workforce development programs, unemployment insurance, job training, and related services. It sets policies, oversees divisions for workforce development, unemployment compensation, and civil rights, and handles complaints, investigations, and fraud prevention. The commission’s three members—representing labor, employers, and the public—are appointed by the governor and must follow strict conflict‑of‑interest rules. TWC also administers tax‑refund vouchers for wages paid to employees who receive public assistance and manages confidential records and reporting requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Texas Workforce Commission and what services does it provide?", "How are the three members of the TWC appointed and what restrictions apply to them and their spouses?", "Can the Texas Workforce Commission accept donations or contracts from for‑profit entities?", "What powers does the TWC have to investigate, issue subpoenas, and enforce compliance?", "How does the commission handle complaints about employment or housing discrimination?", "What is the tax refund voucher for wages paid to employees who receive public assistance and how do I apply for it?", "How does the TWC protect the confidentiality of unemployment and job‑matching information?", "What training must a new TWC commissioner complete before voting on commission matters?", "How does the TWC work with businesses to develop workforce skills and offer incentives?", "What rules govern the TWC’s handling of fraud, waste, and abuse in its programs?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-workforce-commission", "workforce-development", "unemployment-insurance", "civil-rights", "fraud-prevention", "commission-membership", "tax-refund", "record-confidentiality" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Workforce Commission", "TWC", "Texas Employment Commission", "state workforce agency", "Texas labor agency", "Texas workforce development agency", "Texas unemployment agency" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "302", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 302. DIVISION OF WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT", "url": "/statutes/LA/302.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/302.json", "summary": "Chapter 302 sets up the Texas Workforce Development Division within the Texas Workforce Commission. It directs how the division runs job‑training, employment, child‑care, veteran, apprenticeship, and other workforce programs, including how it awards grants, creates employment plans, and reports on labor market needs. The chapter also outlines the division’s authority to work with local boards, schools, and other agencies to deliver services and track outcomes.", "questions_answered": [ "What services does the Texas Workforce Development Division provide to job seekers and people on public assistance?", "How does the division create and monitor individual employment plans for people receiving assistance?", "What programs and grants are available for veterans, military spouses, and their families?", "How can local workforce development boards receive block grant funding and what can they use it for?", "What child‑care assistance and training programs are offered through the division?", "How does the division support apprenticeship programs and what grants are available for them?", "What reports does the division have to file about labor market shortages and program effectiveness?", "How are transportation, housing, and financial literacy services provided to people in employment programs?", "What priority rules apply for veterans and covered persons in workforce programs?", "How does the division work with schools and colleges to develop fast‑start and pre‑kindergarten programs?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workforce-development", "training-grants", "veteran-services", "child-care", "apprenticeship", "employment-plans", "block-grants", "labor-market-data" ], "synonyms": [ "Division of Workforce Development", "Texas Workforce Commission workforce division", "Workforce Development Division", "Texas workforce development program", "Employment services division", "Workforce services" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "303", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 303. SKILLS DEVELOPMENT FUND", "url": "/statutes/LA/303.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/303.json", "summary": "Chapter 303 creates a Skills Development Fund to help public community and technical colleges, Texas A&M research stations, and nonprofit community groups provide customized job training that matches employer needs. The fund can be used for start‑up or emergency training programs, incentives for businesses, and joint high‑school/college courses, especially in high‑demand fields. It also sets rules for waivers, grant distribution, reporting, and ensures the money is spent throughout the state.", "questions_answered": [ "How can a community college apply for grant money to develop a custom training program for a local employer?", "What types of organizations are eligible to receive funds from the Skills Development Fund?", "Can a nonprofit organization partner with a college to get training money, and what requirements must it meet?", "What criteria must be met for a business to qualify for a customized training grant under this chapter?", "How does the fund support small and medium‑sized businesses looking to train workers?", "What reporting does a college or Texas A&M station have to submit to keep its grant funding?", "Can the fund be used to help a company that is moving its operations to Texas, and what are the limits?", "What is the process for the commission to waive education code requirements that block rapid training programs?", "How are the grant funds distributed across different regions of Texas?", "What kinds of training programs qualify for the joint high‑school and college credit incentive?", "Are there any restrictions on using the fund to pay for employer relocation costs?", "How does the commission prioritize training incentives for small businesses?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workforce-training", "skills-fund", "employer-grants", "community-colleges", "labor-shortage", "training-funding" ], "synonyms": [ "Skills Development Fund", "Texas workforce training fund", "customized training grants", "employer training incentives", "workforce development fund" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "304", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 304. COUNSELING FOR DISPLACED HOMEMAKERS OR WORKERS", "url": "/statutes/LA/304.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/304.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a free counseling program for people who have been homemakers and lost their financial support, helping them build on their existing skills, get training, and find paid work. It also requires state agencies to cooperate in finding jobs and provides notices about home‑ownership counseling for displaced workers.", "questions_answered": [ "Am I considered a displaced homemaker under Texas law?", "How can I get free job counseling after leaving the home?", "What services does the Texas Workforce Commission offer to former homemakers?", "Can I receive training and education assistance if I’ve been out of the workforce?", "Do I have to pay for the counseling program?", "How do state agencies help me find suitable employment?", "What information will I receive about buying a home if I’m a displaced worker?", "Who can I contact for home‑ownership counseling in Texas?", "What languages are the eligibility notices provided in?", "Do I need to be eligible for federal assistance to get home‑ownership counseling?", "What if I lost my spouse’s income and am now unemployed?", "Is there a program for people who were unemployed after being a homemaker?" ], "issue_tags": [ "displaced-homemaker", "job-counseling", "workforce-reentry", "training-assistance", "home-ownership-counseling", "state-agency-cooperation" ], "synonyms": [ "displaced homemaker program", "homemaker reentry counseling", "Texas Workforce Commission homemaker services", "job counseling for former homemakers", "home ownership counseling for displaced workers", "displaced worker assistance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "305", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 305. TEXAS CAREER OPPORTUNITY GRANT PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/LA/305.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/305.json", "summary": "The Texas Career Opportunity Grant Program gives tuition assistance to low‑income Texas residents who enroll in qualified career‑focused programs at approved schools. The Texas Workforce Commission administers the grants, sets eligibility rules, and limits the award amounts based on need, program cost, and state budget. Grants are paid through the school and must meet federal non‑discrimination and financial‑aid requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is eligible to apply for the Texas Career Opportunity Grant?", "What types of schools and programs qualify for the grant?", "How much money can I receive from the grant?", "Can part‑time students receive a grant and how is the amount calculated?", "What financial‑need criteria does the commission use to award the grant?", "Do I have to be a Texas resident to get the grant?", "How are the grant funds paid to the student?", "What are the maximum grant limits per student per year?", "Are there any non‑discrimination requirements for the program?", "Where can I find the application rules and deadlines?", "What reports does the commission publish about the grant program?" ], "issue_tags": [ "tuition-assistance", "workforce-development", "financial-aid", "career-education", "eligibility-criteria", "grant-limits", "non-discrimination" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Career Opportunity Grant Program", "TCOG", "Texas Workforce Commission tuition grant", "career education grant", "Texas career grant", "Texas tuition assistance program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "306", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 306. PROJECT RIO (REINTEGRATION OF OFFENDERS)", "url": "/statutes/LA/306.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/306.json", "summary": "Project RIO is a Texas statewide program that helps people who have been in prison or juvenile detention find jobs. It coordinates the Department of Criminal Justice, the Juvenile Justice Department, and the Texas Workforce Commission to provide job training, referrals, and other support services. The program also shares information among agencies to match former offenders with employment opportunities.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas help former inmates find jobs?", "What services does Project RIO offer to people released from prison?", "Can a juvenile offender get job training through a state program?", "Which agencies work together to assist ex‑offenders with employment?", "How does the Texas Workforce Commission provide job referrals to former prisoners?", "What kind of information is shared between the Department of Criminal Justice and the Workforce Commission for reentry?", "Is there a statewide network that matches ex‑offenders with employers?", "What resources are available for housing, substance‑abuse treatment, or veteran services for released offenders?", "Who oversees the Project RIO program in Texas?", "How can an employer learn about hiring former inmates through Project RIO?" ], "issue_tags": [ "reentry-employment", "offender-reintegration", "workforce-development", "interagency-coordination", "data-sharing", "juvenile-justice" ], "synonyms": [ "Project RIO", "Reintegration of Offenders program", "Texas offender reentry employment program", "Texas Workforce Commission reentry initiative", "Statewide ex‑offender job referral program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "307", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 307. EMPLOYMENT SERVICE", "url": "/statutes/LA/307.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/307.json", "summary": "This chapter gives the Texas Workforce Commission authority to run free public job centers and to work with local governments, nonprofits, and workforce boards to set them up and keep them operating. It lets the commission accept money, services, or space from partners and uses federal Wagner‑Peyser funds to pay for things like rent, equipment, and staff. Local boards that have been certified get priority for staffing their own career centers.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas create and maintain free public employment offices?", "Can a city or county sign an agreement with the state to run a job center?", "What kinds of contributions can a nonprofit make to help fund a public employment office?", "Who pays for the rent and equipment of a public employment office?", "What federal money is used to fund Texas employment services?", "Do local workforce development boards have a role in providing employment services?", "How are employees chosen for career development centers run by local boards?", "Can a county use its own funds to support a public job center?", "What is the process for the commission to enter into agreements with local entities?", "What happens if a local workforce development plan is approved by the governor?" ], "issue_tags": [ "employment-services", "workforce-development", "public-job-centers", "state-funding", "local-agreements", "texas-workforce-commission" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Employment Service", "Workforce Development Services", "Public Employment Offices", "Wagner-Peyser Act implementation in Texas", "Texas Workforce Commission employment program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "308", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 308. TEXANS WORK PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/LA/308.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/308.json", "summary": "The Texans Work program creates a partnership between the state and private employers to give on‑the‑job training to people who receive food stamps or other public assistance. Employers design and run approved training courses, receive a monthly payment from the state, and may get incentives to hire trainees after they finish. Trainees earn a $600 monthly stipend, keep their existing benefits, and receive a skill certification when they complete the course.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is eligible to join the Texans Work program?", "What must an employer do to participate in the program?", "How long can a training course last under the program?", "What monthly stipend does a trainee receive and does it affect their benefits?", "Are trainees considered employees for purposes like workers’ compensation and benefits?", "What happens to the stipend if a trainee quits or is absent too often?", "How many trainees can an employer have at one time?", "Does an employer have to pay payroll taxes or provide health insurance for trainees?", "What are the requirements for approving a training course?", "Can an employer receive incentives for hiring a trainee after the course?", "What records does the commission keep about the program?", "Are there any restrictions on hiring trainees if it would displace regular employees?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-workforce", "on-the-job-training", "public-assistance", "employer-participation", "training-stipend", "program-approval" ], "synonyms": [ "Texans Work program", "Texas Workforce Commission training program", "JOBS training partnership", "public assistance job training", "Texas employment and training program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "309", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 309. SELF-SUFFICIENCY FUND", "url": "/statutes/LA/309.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/309.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a self‑sufficiency fund that the Texas Workforce Commission uses to pay for job‑training programs aimed at low‑income or at‑risk Texans. The money can go to community colleges, nonprofit groups, and state agencies that design training with employer input, and it can also cover support services needed for participants to succeed. The goal is to help participants get jobs that let them avoid reliance on public assistance. The fund is administered statewide and must follow rules the commission creates.", "questions_answered": [ "Who can receive money from the self‑sufficiency fund?", "What kinds of organizations are eligible to apply for the fund?", "What types of job‑training programs qualify for funding?", "How does the fund decide which individuals are low‑income or at‑risk?", "Can the fund be used for support services like childcare or transportation?", "What role must employers play in a funded training program?", "Do participants have to find a job after completing the training?", "Is the self‑sufficiency fund available throughout all of Texas?", "Who administers and distributes the fund’s money?", "Can a small or medium‑sized business receive grant money to train workers?", "What are the requirements for the training curriculum under the fund?", "How are eligibility and program standards determined?" ], "issue_tags": [ "self-sufficiency-fund", "job-training", "low-income", "workforce-development", "grant-funding", "employer-partnerships" ], "synonyms": [ "Self‑Sufficiency Fund program", "Texas Workforce Commission training fund", "job training grant fund", "self‑sufficiency grant program", "employment assistance fund" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "310", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 310. CHILD-CARE RESOURCE AND REFERRAL NETWORK", "url": "/statutes/LA/310.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/310.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a statewide child‑care resource and referral network that the Texas Workforce Commission contracts with to help families, employers, and providers find child‑care and early education services. The network gathers and shares data on child‑care supply and demand, offers information, referrals, and training resources, and reports its findings to the commission each quarter. It also promotes its services through various outreach methods and works with local agencies to address child‑care gaps.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I find child‑care options in my area?", "Who runs the child‑care resource and referral network in Texas?", "What information does the network provide to parents looking for child‑care?", "How does the state collect data on child‑care supply and demand?", "Can my employer get help finding child‑care for employees?", "What training and financial resources are available for someone who wants to open a child‑care center?", "How does the network share its findings with the Texas Workforce Commission?", "Where can I get referrals for parenting education classes?", "How are contracts for the child‑care network awarded?", "Which agencies collaborate on solutions to child‑care shortages?", "How often is child‑care data reported to the state?", "How can I learn about quality standards for child‑care services?" ], "issue_tags": [ "child-care-resource", "workforce-commission", "data-collection", "referral-services", "child-care-assessment", "employer-assistance", "training-opportunities" ], "synonyms": [ "Child Care Resource and Referral Network", "Texas child‑care network", "Statewide child‑care referral system", "Workforce Commission child‑care program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "311", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 311. VOLUNTARY WORKFORCE TRAINING FOR CERTAIN STUDENTS", "url": "/statutes/LA/311.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/311.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a system for voluntary work‑based training programs that combine school classes with paid on‑the‑job experience for students 16 and older. Programs must be certified, follow industry and labor standards, and include written agreements that may set up a trust fund to help pay for the student’s post‑secondary education.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a high school student participate in a paid work‑training program while still in school?", "What are the requirements for a program to be certified as a voluntary workforce training program?", "Do employers have to pay a minimum wage to student participants?", "How many hours per week can a student work in a certified program?", "What kind of written agreement is needed between the student, school, and employer?", "Can a student set up a trust fund to help pay for college through this program?", "What happens if a student decides to leave the program before starting college?", "Are there any industry or safety standards the program must follow?", "What role does the Texas Education Agency play in these programs?", "Do local workforce development boards provide assistance for these programs?" ], "issue_tags": [ "voluntary-workforce-training", "student-employment", "certified-programs", "education-employment-partnership", "trust-fund-education", "labor-standards" ], "synonyms": [ "voluntary workforce training", "career and technology education program", "student apprenticeship program", "certified work‑based training", "Texas student workforce development" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "312", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 312. INDUSTRY-BASED CERTIFICATION ADVISORY COUNCIL", "url": "/statutes/LA/312.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/312.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a nine‑member advisory council made up of industry leaders, teachers, and college representatives to help the Texas Workforce Commission match high school career and technology programs with current and future job needs. The council builds and updates a list of industry‑recognized certifications that students can earn, and shares that list with schools and higher‑education institutions each year.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the industry‑based certification advisory council?", "Who can serve on the advisory council and how are they appointed?", "How long do council members serve and how are vacancies filled?", "Does a council member get paid for their service?", "What does the council do to align high school programs with workforce needs?", "What is the certification inventory that the council creates?", "What details are included for each certification in the inventory?", "How often is the certification inventory reviewed and updated?", "Which agencies does the council work with when developing the inventory?", "Who receives a copy of the certification inventory each year?", "Why does Texas need a list of industry certifications for high school students?", "How does the council help students access middle‑ and high‑wage jobs?" ], "issue_tags": [ "industry-certifications", "career-technical-education", "advisory-council", "workforce-alignment", "education-policy" ], "synonyms": [ "industry‑based certification advisory council", "Texas Workforce Commission advisory council", "high school certification inventory", "career and technology education advisory group" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "313", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 313. REQUIREMENTS FOR PROVIDERS OF RELATIVE CHILD CARE", "url": "/statutes/LA/313.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/313.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for people who care for their own relatives and receive child‑care subsidies. It defines who can be a provider, requires the provider’s home to be listed with the state, and outlines where care must be given, background‑check notices, and how costs are handled. The law also includes special provisions for disabled children, infants, teen parents, and situations where other care options aren’t available.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I get state subsidies to care for my grandchild or niece in my home?", "What age and relationship requirements must I meet to be a relative child‑care provider?", "Do I need to register my home with the Department of Family and Protective Services?", "Where is relative child care allowed to be provided – the provider’s home or the child’s home?", "Are there special rules for caring for a disabled child, an infant, or a teen parent’s child?", "What background‑check information must be given to parents before they choose a relative caregiver?", "Do I need a separate child‑care license if I only care for my relatives?", "What happens if there are no other child‑care options in my community?", "How are the costs of listing a relative child‑care provider paid and administered?", "Can a teen parent’s child receive relative child care under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "relative-child-care", "child-care-subsidy", "home-based-care", "provider-eligibility", "background-checks", "teen-parent", "care-location" ], "synonyms": [ "relative child care regulations", "family child‑care provider rules", "subsidized family child care", "home‑based relative child‑care requirements", "Texas relative child‑care statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "314", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 314. TEXAS BACK TO WORK PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/LA/314.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/314.json", "summary": "The Texas Back to Work Program creates partnerships between the state and employers to move people who are unemployed and earn less than $40 an hour into jobs. Employers who hire these qualified applicants can receive a wage subsidy funded by state, federal, and other authorized sources. The Texas Workforce Commission can set rules to run the program.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Texas Back to Work Program?", "Who counts as a qualified applicant for the program?", "How does an employer receive a wage subsidy for hiring a qualified applicant?", "What types of money fund the Back to Work Program?", "Can the Texas Workforce Commission create rules for this program?", "What is the purpose of the public‑private partnerships in the program?", "Does the program apply to all unemployed workers or only those earning under a certain amount?", "How does the program help transition people from unemployment benefits to employment?", "Are there any limits on how many qualified applicants an employer can hire with the subsidy?", "What agency administers the Texas Back to Work Program?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-back-to-work", "wage-subsidy", "unemployment", "workforce-development", "public-private-partnership" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Back to Work Program", "Back to Work initiative", "Texas Workforce Commission back-to-work", "wage subsidy program", "unemployment-to-employment program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "315", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 315. ADULT EDUCATION AND LITERACY PROGRAMS", "url": "/statutes/LA/315.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/315.json", "summary": "This chapter gives the Texas Workforce Commission authority to run statewide adult education and literacy programs. It sets rules for who can provide the programs, how they are funded, how teachers are certified, how student progress is measured, and how performance affects funding. It also creates an advisory committee and requires the commission to report on outcomes.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is allowed to offer adult education programs in Texas?", "How does the state fund adult education and literacy services?", "What performance standards must organizations meet to keep their adult education funding?", "What assessments are used to place adult learners in the right courses?", "How are contracts for adult education services awarded?", "What is the purpose of the adult education and literacy advisory committee?", "Can adult education programs include bilingual instruction?", "What enrollment and graduation targets are required for high school equivalency programs?", "How does the commission track and report on student outcomes?", "What types of organizations can receive state adult education funds?", "How does the state support skill training for new businesses through adult education?", "When does the commission have to report to the legislature about adult education results?" ], "issue_tags": [ "adult-education", "literacy-programs", "state-funding", "performance-criteria", "advisory-committee", "contract-procurement", "assessment-standards" ], "synonyms": [ "Adult Education and Literacy Programs", "Texas adult education statutes", "TX adult literacy law", "Workforce Commission adult education rules", "Adult basic education chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "316", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 316. VETERANS REEMPLOYMENT EDUCATION AND TRAINING COURSES", "url": "/statutes/LA/316.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/316.json", "summary": "This chapter requires the Texas Workforce Commission to create or approve education and training programs that help veterans, including those with disabilities, gain job skills. The goal is to support veterans in finding and keeping work through the state’s reemployment program.", "questions_answered": [ "What training programs does Texas offer for veterans who want to find a job?", "How can a veteran enroll in workforce education courses in Texas?", "Are there special courses for veterans with disabilities?", "What agency is responsible for veteran job training in Texas?", "Can veterans use these courses to improve their employment prospects?", "What kind of skills are taught in the veteran reemployment courses?", "Do the courses help veterans meet the requirements of the state reemployment program?", "How does the Texas Workforce Commission decide which veteran training courses to approve?", "Is there a specific program for veterans returning to civilian work?", "What resources are available for veterans seeking job training in Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "veterans-employment", "workforce-training", "disability-services", "texas-workforce-commission", "reemployment-program" ], "synonyms": [ "Veterans Reemployment Education and Training", "Veteran job training courses", "Texas veteran workforce education", "Veteran workforce development program", "Veteran reemployment training" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "317", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 317. WORKFORCE DIPLOMA PILOT PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/LA/317.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/317.json", "summary": "The Workforce Diploma Pilot Program lets schools and other approved providers get state money for helping adults finish a high school diploma and learn job skills. It sets rules for who can join, what services they must offer, how they get paid for student milestones, and how they are monitored for performance. The program also requires yearly reports and will end on September 1, 2027.", "questions_answered": [ "Who can apply to become a provider in the Workforce Diploma Pilot Program?", "What types of organizations are eligible to receive reimbursement under the program?", "What services must a provider offer to qualify for the program?", "How does the state reimburse providers for students who earn credits, certifications, or a diploma?", "What are the payment amounts for different industry‑recognized credentials?", "When must providers submit invoices for reimbursement?", "How often does the commission publish a list of approved providers?", "What performance standards must providers meet to stay approved?", "What happens if a provider fails to meet the minimum performance standards?", "What data must providers report each year to the commission?", "When does the Workforce Diploma Pilot Program expire?", "How does the commission decide whether to continue, expand, or end the program?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workforce-diploma", "adult-education", "provider-reimbursement", "program-eligibility", "performance-standards", "texas-workforce-commission" ], "synonyms": [ "Workforce Diploma Pilot Program", "Texas Workforce Diploma Program", "Adult High School Reengagement Program", "Workforce Development Diploma Initiative" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "351", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 351. GENERAL PROVISIONS; RESPONSIBILITY FOR ADMINISTRATION OF SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/LA/351.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/351.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out who runs Texas vocational rehabilitation services for people with disabilities, moving the responsibility from the Department of Assistive and Rehabilitative Services to the Health and Human Services Commission after September 1, 2016. It also requires the commission to create a dedicated state unit focused on vocational rehab, with a full‑time director and staff. The chapter defines key terms and clarifies how references to the commission or department should be read during the transition period.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is responsible for administering vocational rehabilitation services in Texas?", "When did the Department of Assistive and Rehabilitative Services stop managing these services?", "What agency took over vocational rehabilitation services after September 1, 2016?", "What is the designated state unit for vocational rehabilitation and what does it do?", "Who is the executive commissioner mentioned in the vocational rehab subtitle?", "What does the term \"department\" refer to in this chapter?", "How are references to the commission interpreted before the administration transfer?", "What staffing requirements are set for the state unit that handles vocational rehab?", "Does the chapter require federal approval before the commission can start administering services?", "What happens if the required federal approval is not received?" ], "issue_tags": [ "vocational-rehabilitation", "service-administration", "disability-services", "texas-health-human-services", "state-unit", "administrative-transition" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Vocational Rehabilitation Governance", "Chapter 351 of the Labor Code", "General Provisions for Disability Services", "Administration of Rehab Services" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "352", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 352. VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/LA/352.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/352.json", "summary": "Chapter 352 creates and manages Texas's vocational rehabilitation program for people with physical or mental disabilities. It defines who qualifies, what services are offered, how the program is funded, and how contracts and other resources are handled. The chapter also sets rules for confidentiality, appeals, and coordination with schools and other agencies.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is eligible for Texas vocational rehabilitation services?", "What types of services does the vocational rehabilitation program provide?", "How does the state fund and pay for vocational rehabilitation services?", "Can I get a loan to buy visual aids or adaptive technology?", "What is \"maintenance\" assistance and how is it calculated?", "How does the commission handle contracts with service providers and adaptive technology suppliers?", "What rules govern the use of criminal history information in the rehabilitation program?", "How can I appeal a decision or request a hearing if I’m denied services?", "What training do vocational rehabilitation counselors receive?", "How does the program coordinate with the Texas Education Agency for transition services?" ], "issue_tags": [ "vocational-rehabilitation", "disability-services", "eligibility", "funding", "contracts", "transition-services", "loans" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Vocational Rehabilitation Program", "VR Services", "Rehabilitation Council of Texas", "State Vocational Rehab", "Disability Employment Services" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "355", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 355. VENDING FACILITIES OPERATED BY BLIND PERSONS", "url": "/statutes/LA/355.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/355.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a state program that lets blind Texans operate vending stands in state‑owned buildings. It outlines how the commission licenses eligible blind individuals, picks locations, supplies equipment, and manages assistants and revenue. Licenses last three years and can be renewed or revoked, and the program is linked to federal Randolph‑Sheppard provisions and a retirement trust fund.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a blind person apply for a license to run a vending facility on state property?", "What types of vending facilities are covered by the program?", "Which state agencies are involved in approving vending locations for blind operators?", "How long does a vending license last and how is it renewed?", "What can cause a blind vendor’s license to be revoked?", "Can a blind vendor hire an assistant, and what are the hiring rules?", "How is revenue from vending machines shared among blind operators?", "Does the program provide equipment or start‑up stock for blind vendors?", "Are there any exemptions where the vending program does not apply?", "What retirement benefits are available to blind vending licensees?" ], "issue_tags": [ "blind-vending", "state-licensing", "vocational-rehabilitation", "disability-employment", "vending-facilities", "randolph-sheppard", "retirement-trust" ], "synonyms": [ "Blind vending program", "State vending facilities for blind persons", "Blind-operated vending license", "Texas blind vending initiative", "Vending facilities for visually impaired", "Blind vendor licensing" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "401", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 401. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/LA/401.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/401.json", "summary": "Chapter 401 sets up the Texas Workers' Compensation Act by defining who is covered, what counts as a work injury, and what benefits are available. It also outlines the roles of the state auditor, the workers' compensation division, and the commissioner, and includes rules about employee definitions, intoxication, franchisor status, and special provisions for emergency responders and state military personnel.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Texas Workers' Compensation Act and what does it cover?", "Who is considered an employee under Texas workers' compensation?", "What types of injuries or illnesses are covered by workers' compensation?", "What benefits can an injured worker receive, like medical or income benefits?", "How does the state auditor oversee the workers' compensation division?", "Does being intoxicated affect a workers' compensation claim?", "Are franchisors responsible for workers' compensation claims of franchisees or their employees?", "Are emergency responders like firefighters covered when they are traveling to an emergency?", "Do members of the Texas military get workers' compensation coverage while on state duty?", "What is the definition of a compensable injury and the course and scope of employment?", "How are interest and discount rates calculated for workers' compensation payments?", "What rules prevent discrimination in workers' compensation cases?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-compensation", "employee-definition", "benefits", "audit", "intoxication", "franchisee-employer", "emergency-responder-coverage", "military-duty" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Workers' Compensation Act", "Chapter 401", "Workers' comp general provisions", "TX WC Act", "General provisions of workers' compensation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "402", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 402. OPERATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION SYSTEM", "url": "/statutes/LA/402.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/402.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up the Texas Department of Insurance's Workers' Compensation Division, naming the commissioner who runs the system and outlining their duties, powers, and qualifications. It details how the division handles complaints, records, confidentiality, and public information, and establishes rules for ethics, training, and performance incentives. The chapter also explains how employers and insurers can request claim information and the penalties for violating confidentiality.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is in charge of Texas workers' compensation and how are they appointed?", "What are the duties and powers of the Workers' Compensation commissioner?", "What rules govern gifts, conflicts of interest, and lobbying for division officials?", "How does the division handle complaints and what is the process for filing one?", "What information about a claim is kept confidential and who can access it?", "How can an employer obtain prior injury information about a job applicant?", "What penalties exist for improperly disclosing workers' compensation claim data?", "How are records maintained, accessed, and charged for by the division?", "What training must the commissioner complete upon taking office?", "How does the division use performance incentives to oversee insurance carriers and health care providers?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-compensation", "administration", "confidentiality", "complaints", "commissioner", "records", "ethics", "performance-incentives" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Workers' Compensation Division", "Workers' Compensation Administration", "TDI Workers' Comp Division", "Texas Workers' Comp System", "Workers' Compensation Commission (informal)", "Division of Workers' Compensation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "403", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 403. DIVISION FINANCING", "url": "/statutes/LA/403.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/403.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how money collected from workers' compensation insurance—such as premiums, surcharges, and penalties—is deposited into state accounts and used to cover the costs of administering the program, fighting fraud, and paying a special fund for death benefits when no beneficiary exists. It also sets out how the insurance commissioner determines the annual surcharge rate and how insurers can recover that surcharge.", "questions_answered": [ "How is the workers' compensation surcharge calculated and who has to pay it?", "Where does the money from workers' compensation insurance go after it is collected?", "What is the subsequent injury fund and what does it pay for?", "What happens to death benefits if the employee has no surviving beneficiary?", "Can an insurance company get back the surcharge it paid?", "How does the state decide the annual surcharge rate?", "What penalties apply if an insurer fails to pay the surcharge or withdraws from Texas?", "Who is responsible for administering the subsequent injury fund?", "Can the state use surcharge money for other purposes besides workers' comp administration?", "How are administrative penalties from workers' comp cases handled?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-compensation-financing", "surcharge-rate", "subsequent-injury-fund", "insurance-penalties", "state-funds" ], "synonyms": [ "Workers' comp financing provisions", "Workers' compensation surcharge rules", "Texas workers' compensation funding", "Insurance surcharge and fund rules", "Subsequent injury fund guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "404", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 404. OFFICE OF INJURED EMPLOYEE COUNSEL", "url": "/statutes/LA/404.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/404.json", "summary": "The Office of Injured Employee Counsel is a state office that represents the interests of workers' compensation claimants. It is led by a publicly appointed counsel who oversees an ombudsman program, provides assistance, advocates on policy matters, and handles complaints while adhering to confidentiality and conflict‑of‑interest rules. The office operates independently but is attached to the Texas Department of Workers' Compensation and is subject to a sunset provision in 2029.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the purpose of the Office of Injured Employee Counsel?", "Who appoints the injured employee public counsel and how long do they serve?", "What qualifications are required to become the public counsel?", "Can the office intervene in workers' compensation cases on behalf of individual claimants?", "How does the ombudsman program help injured workers and claimants?", "What are the rules about confidentiality and access to claim information for the office?", "What restrictions exist on former public counsel or office employees working for insurance carriers or trade associations?", "How are complaints filed with the office processed and resolved?", "What is the sunset date for the Office of Injured Employee Counsel?", "What are the public counsel’s powers to appear before the commissioner or in court?", "How does the office ensure language access for non‑English speakers?", "Can the public counsel recommend new legislation affecting injured employees?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-compensation", "public-counsel", "ombudsman-program", "complaint-handling", "confidentiality", "appointment", "rulemaking" ], "synonyms": [ "Office of Injured Employee Counsel", "Injured Employee Public Counsel", "Texas Workers' Compensation public counsel", "TX Workers' Comp Office", "Public Counsel Office" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "405", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 405. WORKERS' COMPENSATION RESEARCH", "url": "/statutes/LA/405.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/405.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a workers' compensation research group inside the Texas Department of Insurance to study how the system works, including benefits, medical costs, litigation, insurance rates, and safety. It requires the group to publish an annual research agenda, fund its work through a surcharge on insurance carriers, and coordinate with other state agencies while keeping individual data confidential.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the workers' compensation research group and what does it do?", "What kinds of topics does the group research about workers' compensation?", "How does the state fund the workers' compensation research activities?", "What is the surcharge on insurance companies and how is it calculated?", "Can insurance companies get the surcharge money back, and if so, how?", "How does the group share its research findings with the public?", "What agencies does the research group work with to get information?", "Are the identities of people who take part in the group's surveys kept private?", "How is the annual research agenda created and approved?", "What happens if a non‑subscribing employer is asked for data?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-compensation-research", "insurance-surcharge", "data-confidentiality", "state-agency-coordination", "research-funding", "policy-analysis" ], "synonyms": [ "Workers' Compensation Research and Evaluation Group", "Texas WC research program", "Workers' comp research duties", "Insurance surcharge for workers' comp research", "WC research agenda" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "406", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 406. WORKERS' COMPENSATION INSURANCE COVERAGE", "url": "/statutes/LA/406.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/406.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out when Texas employers must obtain workers' compensation insurance, how they can get it, and the reporting and notice requirements they must follow. It also explains how employers must inform employees about coverage, what to do when coverage is terminated, and special rules for certain groups like contractors, volunteers, farm workers, and out‑of‑state employees. The law defines who is covered, who is exempt, and how coverage can be extended or waived.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to buy workers' compensation insurance for my employees in Texas?", "How can I get workers' compensation coverage through an insurance company or by self‑insuring?", "What notice must I give my employees and the state if I have or don’t have workers' compensation coverage?", "What steps do I need to follow to cancel or change my workers' compensation policy?", "Can a farm or ranch employee be covered by workers' compensation, and what are the payroll thresholds?", "Are volunteer firefighters, EMTs, or other emergency service members eligible for workers' compensation benefits?", "If I hire an independent contractor or subcontractor, do I need to provide workers' compensation coverage for them or their workers?", "Can an employee choose to keep their common‑law right to sue instead of using workers' compensation, and how do they do that?", "What types of injuries are excluded from workers' compensation benefits?", "How does workers' compensation coverage work for employees who are injured while working in another state?", "What are the rules for covering professional athletes or real‑estate salespeople under workers' compensation?", "What penalties apply if I fail to file the required notices or reports with the division?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-compensation", "insurance-coverage", "employer-notice", "employee-rights", "contractor-coverage", "farm-employees", "volunteer-emergency" ], "synonyms": [ "Workers' Compensation Insurance Coverage", "Texas Workers' Compensation Act coverage rules", "Employer workers' comp obligations", "Coverage election statutes", "Workers' comp insurance requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "407", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 407. SELF-INSURANCE REGULATION", "url": "/statutes/LA/407.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/407.json", "summary": "Chapter 407 sets the rules for Texas employers who want to pay workers' compensation claims themselves instead of buying insurance. It explains how to apply for a self‑insurance certificate, the financial and security deposits required, ongoing reporting, fees, and what happens if the employer becomes financially impaired. The chapter also creates a guaranty association to step in when a self‑insurer can’t meet its obligations.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a Texas employer apply to become a certified self‑insurer for workers' compensation?", "What financial strength and liquidity standards must I meet to get a self‑insurance certificate?", "What types of security (cash, bond, letter of credit) do I need to post and how much?", "How long does a self‑insurance certificate last and how is it renewed?", "Can I withdraw from self‑insurance and what proof do I need to show I can cover all claims?", "What annual reports and financial statements do I have to file as a certified self‑insurer?", "How are the regulatory fee and self‑insurer surcharge calculated and when are they due?", "What is the Texas Certified Self‑Insurer Guaranty Association and when does it step in?", "What happens if my self‑insurance program is deemed an impaired employer?", "How are assessments on other self‑insurers determined when one becomes impaired?", "What are the consequences if I fail to pay required fees or assessments?", "What are the requirements for excess insurance or reinsurance for a self‑insurer?" ], "issue_tags": [ "self-insurance", "workers-compensation", "certification", "security-deposit", "guaranty-association", "annual-reporting", "fees-and-surcharges" ], "synonyms": [ "self‑insurance regulation", "certified self‑insurer program", "Texas workers' comp self‑insurance rules", "self‑insured employer requirements", "self‑insurance certificate process" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "407A", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 407A. GROUP SELF-INSURANCE COVERAGE", "url": "/statutes/LA/407A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/407A.json", "summary": "This chapter lets groups of private Texas employers pool their workers' compensation liabilities and self‑insure instead of buying commercial insurance. It sets out how a group must apply for a certificate of approval, meet financial and security requirements, operate a board of trustees, and pay surcharges and taxes. It also creates a guaranty fund to cover benefits if a group becomes insolvent and outlines penalties for non‑compliance.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my private company join a workers' compensation self‑insurance group in Texas?", "What are the financial and security requirements to start a self‑insurance group?", "Do I need a certificate of approval to operate a workers' compensation self‑insurance group?", "How does a self‑insurance group merge with another group?", "What reporting, audit, and actuarial opinions are required from a self‑insurance group?", "What surcharges, taxes, and premium payments must a self‑insurance group make?", "What happens if a self‑insurance group becomes insolvent?", "What is the Texas self‑insurance group guaranty fund and how does it work?", "Who can serve on the board of trustees for a self‑insurance group?", "Are public employees allowed to be part of a self‑insurance group?", "What penalties or fines apply for violations of the self‑insurance rules?", "What bond or security deposits are required for administrators and service companies?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-compensation", "self-insurance", "group-coverage", "financial-requirements", "guaranty-fund", "board-of-trustees", "surcharges", "compliance" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas workers' compensation self‑insurance groups", "group self‑insurance coverage", "self‑insured workers' comp groups", "Texas self‑insurance group program", "group workers' compensation self‑fund", "self‑insurance coverage for employers" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "408", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 408. WORKERS' COMPENSATION BENEFITS", "url": "/statutes/LA/408.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/408.json", "summary": "Chapter 408 sets out the rules for workers' compensation benefits in Texas. It explains who can get medical care, temporary and permanent income payments, death and burial benefits, and how those benefits are calculated and paid. The chapter also covers the process for medical exams, doctor certification, settlements, and attorney fees.", "questions_answered": [ "What types of benefits am I entitled to if I get injured on the job?", "How is my average weekly wage calculated for workers' compensation payments?", "When can I start receiving temporary income benefits after a work injury?", "What is the difference between temporary, impairment, supplemental, and lifetime income benefits?", "How are death benefits divided among my family members if I die from a work injury?", "Can my employer continue paying my salary instead of workers' comp benefits?", "What are the rules for required medical examinations and who can perform them?", "How is an impairment rating determined and can it be disputed?", "Can I receive a lump‑sum settlement for my workers' comp claim?", "What attorney fees are allowed in a workers' compensation case?", "How can I appeal a denied benefit or a disputed medical finding?", "Are there any circumstances where I can recover exemplary damages?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-compensation", "medical-benefits", "income-benefits", "death-benefits", "impairment-rating", "designated-doctor" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Workers' Compensation Act", "Chapter 408", "Workers' comp benefits", "Texas workers' comp law", "Workers' compensation benefits chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "409", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 409. COMPENSATION PROCEDURES", "url": "/statutes/LA/409.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/409.json", "summary": "Chapter 409 lays out the step‑by‑step process for Texas workers' compensation. It tells employees when and how to notify their employer of an injury, how to file a claim, and what the employer and insurance carrier must report and record. The chapter also covers death‑benefit claims, subclaims by health‑care insurers, and the timing and method of benefit payments, plus the information that must be given to workers and employers in plain language.", "questions_answered": [ "When do I have to tell my employer about a work‑related injury or disease?", "How long do I have to file a workers' compensation claim after I’m injured?", "What must my employer do to report my injury to the insurance carrier?", "What happens if my employer or insurer fails to file the required injury report?", "How do I file a claim for death benefits if a coworker dies on the job?", "Can I receive my workers' compensation benefits by electronic funds transfer?", "What information must the employer give me in plain language after I report an injury?", "What are the employer’s rights and responsibilities during a workers' compensation case?", "How does a health‑care insurer submit a subclaim for reimbursement?", "What are the penalties if the insurance carrier delays or refuses to pay benefits?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-compensation", "injury-notice", "claim-filing", "employer-reporting", "benefit-payment", "death-benefits", "subclaims", "plain-language-info" ], "synonyms": [ "Compensation Procedures", "Workers' Comp Reporting Rules", "Texas Workers' Compensation Claim Process", "Labor Code Chapter 409", "TX Workers' Comp Procedure" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "410", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 410. ADJUDICATION OF DISPUTES", "url": "/statutes/LA/410.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/410.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the step‑by‑step process for resolving disagreements over Texas workers' compensation claims. It covers informal benefit review conferences, optional arbitration, formal contested case hearings, the appeals panel, and how a court can review decisions. The rules also address where hearings can be held, who may represent parties, and how evidence is handled.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I request a benefit review conference for my workers' compensation claim?", "Can I choose arbitration instead of a contested case hearing to settle a dispute?", "What are the deadlines for filing an appeal after a contested case hearing or an appeals panel decision?", "Who can represent me at a benefit review conference, hearing, or arbitration?", "Can a contested case hearing be held by video conference or at a location far from my home?", "What information must I exchange with the other side before a hearing or arbitration?", "How is an arbitrator selected and can I reject the arbitrator assigned to my case?", "What happens if a party fails to attend a benefit review conference or hearing without good cause?", "How can a court enforce an order or decision issued by the workers' compensation division?", "What are the rules for settling a claim after a judicial review has been sought?", "Can I appeal an arbitrator’s award in court, and under what circumstances?", "What evidence is allowed in a contested case hearing or arbitration?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-compensation", "dispute-resolution", "benefit-review", "arbitration", "contested-hearing", "appeals-panel", "judicial-review" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Workers' Compensation Dispute Process", "Workers' Comp Adjudication Rules", "Benefit Review Conference Procedures", "Arbitration and Hearing Guidelines", "Workers' Compensation Appeals System" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "411", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 411. WORKERS' HEALTH AND SAFETY", "url": "/statutes/LA/411.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/411.json", "summary": "Chapter 411 sets out Texas's rules for workplace health and safety. It tells employers how to keep jobs safe, requires them to report injuries and diseases, and gives the state agency powers to collect data, run safety programs, and enforce rules. The chapter also protects workers who report hazards, keeps injury information confidential, and requires workers' compensation insurers to provide accident‑prevention services.", "questions_answered": [ "What safety steps does my Texas employer have to take to keep the workplace safe?", "When must an employer report a work injury or occupational disease to the state?", "How can I report a safety violation or unsafe condition at work in Texas?", "Can my employer fire or suspend me for reporting a workplace safety problem?", "What rights do I have if I am retaliated against for reporting a safety issue?", "What is the Texas workers' safety hotline and how do I use it?", "How does the state keep injury reports confidential and what are the penalties for breaking that rule?", "What accident‑prevention services must workers' compensation insurers provide?", "Are franchisors considered employers under Texas workers' safety laws?", "What kind of safety education materials does the state provide to employers and employees?", "How does the state use injury data to improve workplace safety?", "What penalties can be imposed for failing to report a workplace injury?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-safety", "injury-reporting", "employer-duty", "retaliation-protection", "confidentiality", "accident-prevention", "OSHA-compliance" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Workers' Health and Safety Act", "Chapter 411", "Workers' Compensation Safety Chapter", "Texas Occupational Safety Statute", "Workers' Health and Safety Chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "412", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 412. STATE OFFICE OF RISK MANAGEMENT", "url": "/statutes/LA/412.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/412.json", "summary": "Chapter 412 creates the State Office of Risk Management, which runs insurance and workers' compensation programs for Texas state agencies and helps them manage risk. It sets guidelines, collects and analyzes loss data, and works with agencies on continuity‑of‑operations plans. The chapter also establishes a five‑member board to oversee the office and outlines how costs are shared among agencies.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is responsible for buying insurance for Texas state agencies?", "How does the state provide workers' compensation coverage for its employees?", "What does the risk management board do and who serves on it?", "How are insurance and risk‑management costs divided among different state agencies?", "What reports must a state agency submit about its losses and claims?", "How does the office help agencies develop continuity of operations plans?", "What is the process for a state agency to purchase liability or property insurance outside the office?", "How are complaints against the Office of Risk Management handled?", "What training is required for members of the risk management board?", "What happens to money recovered from third parties through subrogation?", "Can a state agency share its confidential continuity‑of‑operations plan with other agencies or the federal government?", "What technology policies does the board need to adopt for public interaction?" ], "issue_tags": [ "risk-management", "workers-compensation", "state-insurance", "agency-reporting", "continuity-planning", "board-governance", "cost-allocation" ], "synonyms": [ "State Office of Risk Management", "Risk Management Board", "Texas workers' compensation program", "State risk management program", "Office of Risk Management", "Texas State Risk Management" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "413", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 413. MEDICAL REVIEW", "url": "/statutes/LA/413.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/413.json", "summary": "Chapter 413 sets up a system for the Texas Division of Workers' Compensation to monitor health‑care providers, insurance carriers, and independent review organizations, making sure they follow medical policies, fee guidelines, and treatment standards. It creates rules for how medical fees are determined, how disputes over care or payments are resolved, and how return‑to‑work programs are funded and coordinated. The chapter also establishes advisory committees, data collection, and confidentiality requirements to improve the quality and cost‑effectiveness of workers’ compensation health care.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas decide what doctors can charge for workers’ compensation medical services?", "What steps are taken if a health‑care provider or insurance carrier does not follow the medical fee guidelines?", "How can a worker or provider challenge a denied payment or a disputed medical bill?", "What is the process for getting a pre‑authorization for surgeries, therapies, or experimental treatments?", "Who monitors the quality and timeliness of medical decisions in workers’ compensation cases?", "What assistance is available to employers to help injured employees return to work, and can they get reimbursed for workplace modifications?", "What are the rules for independent review organizations when they evaluate medical necessity disputes?", "How does the state ensure that doctors disclose financial interests that could affect their decisions?", "What penalties exist for health‑care providers who overcharge or violate workers’ compensation medical rules?", "How does the division collect and share data on medical charges and treatment protocols?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-compensation", "medical-review", "fee-guidelines", "dispute-resolution", "return-to-work", "provider-monitoring", "independent-review" ], "synonyms": [ "Chapter 413", "Texas Workers' Compensation Medical Review", "Medical Policies and Fee Guidelines", "Medical Dispute Resolution", "Workers' Compensation Health Care Review" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "414", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 414. ENFORCEMENT OF COMPLIANCE AND PRACTICE REQUIREMENTS", "url": "/statutes/LA/414.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/414.json", "summary": "Chapter 414 sets up the state’s system for watching over everyone involved in Texas workers' compensation—employees, employers, insurers, lawyers, and health‑care providers—to make sure they follow the rules. It requires the division to collect data, audit insurance carriers, run investigations, and refer serious problems to other authorities. The chapter also ensures medical payments are made on time and gives the division power to conduct on‑site inspections.", "questions_answered": [ "How does Texas monitor compliance with workers' compensation laws?", "Who does the state monitor for workers' compensation violations?", "What can the division do if an employer or insurer breaks workers' comp rules?", "Can the state audit my workers' compensation insurance records?", "What happens if a health‑care provider is late on workers' comp payments?", "How are investigations of workers' compensation fraud conducted?", "Can the division refer a workers' comp case to the attorney general or other agencies?", "What is the role of the investigation unit in workers' compensation enforcement?", "How does Texas collect data to detect patterns of non‑compliance in workers' comp?", "What are the requirements for insurance carriers to cooperate with audits?", "Does the division review medical benefits for workers' comp claimants?", "What penalties can be imposed for violating workers' compensation rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-comp", "compliance-monitoring", "insurance-audit", "investigation-unit", "medical-benefits", "enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "Workers' Compensation Enforcement", "Workers' Comp Compliance Monitoring", "Texas Workers' Compensation Enforcement Chapter", "Chapter 414 Workers' Comp Enforcement", "Workers' Compensation Monitoring and Investigation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "415", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 415. ADMINISTRATIVE VIOLATIONS", "url": "/statutes/LA/415.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/415.json", "summary": "Chapter 415 of the Texas Labor Code lists conduct that is not allowed for people involved in workers’ compensation—like claim representatives, insurance companies, doctors, and attorneys. It explains what actions count as administrative violations, how penalties up to $25,000 per day can be assessed, and the process for filing complaints, hearings, and possible cease‑and‑desist orders.", "questions_answered": [ "What actions by a workers’ compensation attorney are considered an administrative violation?", "Can an insurance company be fined for withholding benefits or misrepresenting coverage?", "What can a health‑care provider do that would be a violation under Texas workers’ comp rules?", "How are administrative penalties calculated and what is the maximum amount?", "How do I start an administrative violation proceeding against an insurer or representative?", "What happens if I fail to respond to a notice of a possible violation?", "Can the commissioner issue an emergency cease‑and‑desist order for workers’ comp violations?", "Are employers allowed to charge employees for workers’ compensation premiums?", "What are the consequences for a claim adjuster who offers improper inducements?", "How does the division handle frivolous claims or actions in workers’ comp cases?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-compensation", "administrative-violations", "penalties", "insurance-carrier", "health-care-provider", "attorney-conduct", "settlement-breach", "complaint-procedure" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas workers' compensation administrative violations", "TX Labor Code Chapter 415", "workers' comp administrative penalties", "administrative violation rules for claim representatives", "Texas workers' comp sanction provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "416", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 416. ACTIONS AGAINST INSURANCE CARRIER FOR BREACH OF DUTY", "url": "/statutes/LA/416.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/416.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you when you cannot sue a workers' compensation insurance carrier for breaking the duty of good faith and fair dealing, especially if the insurer acted under a commissioner’s order or a benefit review officer’s recommendation. It also sets a cap on punitive (exemplary) damages you can recover in a bad‑faith lawsuit against an insurer. Government entities are handled under different rules. The goal is to limit certain lawsuits and cap damages in those cases.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue my workers' compensation insurer for bad faith if they followed a commissioner’s order?", "Does a benefit review officer’s recommendation protect an insurance carrier from a bad‑faith lawsuit?", "What is the maximum amount of punitive damages I can get in a bad‑faith claim against a workers' comp insurer?", "Are there any situations where a bad‑faith claim against an insurer is completely barred?", "How does the law limit damages in a lawsuit against a government agency for bad faith?", "What types of actions are precluded from being used as a basis for a bad‑faith claim against an insurance carrier?", "If I win a bad‑faith case, how is the exemplary damages amount calculated?", "Do the same rules apply to private insurers and government entities in bad‑faith actions?", "Can I recover more than $250,000 in exemplary damages in a bad‑faith suit against an insurer?", "What sections of the Texas Workers' Compensation Act govern bad‑faith claims against insurance carriers?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-comp", "insurance-bad-faith", "exemplary-damages", "damage-cap", "texas-law" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Labor Code Chapter 416", "Bad faith insurance actions", "Insurance carrier breach of duty", "Workers' compensation insurer bad‑faith claims", "Texas workers' comp bad‑faith statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "417", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 417. THIRD-PARTY LIABILITY", "url": "/statutes/LA/417.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/417.json", "summary": "This chapter lets injured workers or their beneficiaries sue a third party who caused the injury and still keep their workers' compensation benefits. It explains how the workers' comp insurer steps into the employee’s shoes to recover money from the third party, how any recovery is applied to benefits, and how attorney fees are handled. It also limits an employer’s responsibility to pay the third party unless a prior agreement exists.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sue a third party, like a contractor or equipment maker, for my work injury?", "What happens to my workers' compensation benefits if I win a lawsuit against a third party?", "Will my insurance company try to recover money from the third party on my behalf?", "How is the money I recover from a third party divided between my benefits, my attorney, and the insurer?", "Do I have to give consent if my lawyer also represents the insurance carrier?", "What attorney fees are allowed when the insurer’s interest is being recovered?", "If the settlement from the third party is larger than my benefits, what do I get to keep?", "Is my employer required to pay the third party if I settle or get a judgment against them?", "How does a third‑party recovery affect future workers' compensation payments?", "What if the third party settlement is not enough to cover all my medical expenses?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-compensation", "third-party-liability", "subrogation", "attorney-fees", "insurance-recovery", "employer-liability" ], "synonyms": [ "third-party claim", "subrogation rights", "workers' comp third-party action", "employer third-party liability", "insurance carrier subrogation", "third-party recovery" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "418", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 418. CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS AND PENALTIES", "url": "/statutes/LA/418.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/418.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out criminal penalties for people who lie or hide facts to get workers' compensation benefits or to avoid paying insurance premiums. It classifies the offenses as misdemeanors or felonies based on the amount of money involved, and gives the commissioner power to issue subpoenas for investigations.", "questions_answered": [ "What crimes can I be charged with for lying to get workers' compensation benefits?", "How does Texas punish someone who falsifies documents to avoid workers' comp insurance premiums?", "What is the difference in penalty if the fraud involves less than $2,500 versus more?", "Can a person be prosecuted under this chapter for both benefit fraud and insurance fraud?", "What authority does the commissioner have to gather evidence in a workers' comp fraud case?", "Are there restitution requirements if I cheat an insurance company on premiums?", "Can I be charged under a different law for the same workers' comp fraud?", "What actions count as making a false statement or concealing a material fact under this chapter?", "Does this chapter apply to fraud involving medical benefits under workers' comp?", "How are subpoenas issued for witnesses or documents in another state?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-comp-fraud", "criminal-penalties", "insurance-fraud", "subpoena-authority", "texas-labor-law" ], "synonyms": [ "Labor Code Chapter 418", "Texas workers' compensation fraud statutes", "Workers' comp benefit fraud penalties", "Insurance premium fraud provisions", "Criminal investigations for workers' comp" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "419", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 419. MISUSE OF DIVISION NAME", "url": "/statutes/LA/419.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/419.json", "summary": "This chapter stops people from pretending they are part of the Texas Department of Insurance’s workers' compensation division by using its name, logo, seal, or anything that looks similar in a deceptive way. It applies to ads, business names, documents, products, and services related to workers' compensation. Violations can lead to civil or administrative fines and the state can seek injunctions. The commissioner can set rules to enforce these protections.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I use the words \"Texas Workers' Compensation\" in my company name?", "Am I allowed to put the state seal on a flyer about workers' comp insurance?", "Is it legal to use a logo that looks like the Texas Department of Insurance division logo?", "What penalties apply if I falsely claim my business is approved by the Texas Department of Insurance?", "Can I advertise a workers' compensation service using the initials T.D.I.?", "Do I need permission to use any Texas-related symbols when marketing workers' comp benefits?", "What actions can the state take if I use a deceptive name for a workers' compensation product?", "How does the commissioner enforce rules about misuse of the division’s name?", "Are there administrative fines for using a term that looks like the division’s name?", "Can the attorney general sue me for using a deceptive workers' comp logo?", "What does \"deceptively similar\" mean for a business name or logo?", "Do I need a license to use the Texas Department of Insurance logo on my website?" ], "issue_tags": [ "misuse-of-government-name", "deceptive-practices", "workers-compensation", "civil-penalty", "administrative-penalty", "state-seal", "logo-protection" ], "synonyms": [ "Division name misuse", "Workers' comp branding restrictions", "Texas DPI name protection", "Misuse of state seal and logo", "Deceptive use of Texas workers' compensation identifiers" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "451", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 451. DISCRIMINATION PROHIBITED", "url": "/statutes/LA/451.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/451.json", "summary": "This chapter bars employers from firing, demoting, or otherwise mistreating an employee because the employee filed a workers' compensation claim, hired a lawyer, started a claim, or testified in a claim. It gives the employee the right to recover damages, be reinstated, and allows courts to issue injunctions to stop the retaliation. The law also lets first responders sue state or local government employers for the same protections, overriding sovereign immunity for these claims.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my employer fire me for filing a workers' compensation claim?", "Is it illegal for my boss to punish me because I hired a lawyer for my workers' comp case?", "What can I do if I was discharged after testifying in a workers' compensation proceeding?", "Am I entitled to be reinstated to my old job if I was retaliated against for a workers' comp claim?", "What damages can I recover if my employer retaliated against me for a workers' comp claim?", "Can a court issue an injunction to stop my employer from retaliating against me?", "Do these retaliation protections apply to government employees like first responders?", "Can a first responder sue a state or local agency for retaliation under this law?", "Does this law affect any existing immunity that a government entity might have?", "What burden of proof do I have to meet to prove retaliation under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "discrimination", "workers-compensation", "retaliation", "employment-rights", "first-responder", "remedies" ], "synonyms": [ "Workers' comp retaliation protection", "Anti-retaliation provisions", "Employee discrimination prohibition", "Section 451", "Texas Labor Code retaliation rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "501", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 501. WORKERS' COMPENSATION INSURANCE COVERAGE FOR STATE EMPLOYEES, INCLUDING EMPLOYEES UNDER THE DIRECTION OR CONTROL OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS OF TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY", "url": "/statutes/LA/501.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/501.json", "summary": "Chapter 501 extends Texas workers' compensation insurance to state employees, including those working for the Texas Tech University System, and outlines who is covered, who is excluded, and how benefits are provided. It also adds special rules for out‑of‑state workers, volunteers during disasters, and members of the Texas military forces, and sets administrative procedures for leave, reporting, and appeals.", "questions_answered": [ "Do Texas Tech University employees get workers' compensation if they are injured on the job?", "Are state employees covered by workers' comp when they work outside of Texas?", "Can volunteers who help during a disaster receive workers' comp benefits for injuries?", "Is post‑traumatic stress disorder from Texas military active duty covered by workers' comp?", "What types of workers are excluded from state workers' compensation coverage?", "Can a state employee use accrued sick or annual leave before receiving income benefits?", "Who is considered the employer for workers' comp purposes for state employees?", "How are medical and income benefits paid to state employees under this program?", "What is the process for appealing a workers' comp decision for a state employee?", "Do state agencies have to report injury statistics and budget information related to workers' comp?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-compensation", "state-employees", "texas-tech", "military-coverage", "volunteer-disaster", "leave-benefits", "coverage-exclusions" ], "synonyms": [ "State workers' compensation", "Texas state employee workers' comp", "Workers' comp for Texas Tech staff", "Government employee injury insurance", "State employee injury coverage" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "502", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 502. WORKERS' COMPENSATION INSURANCE COVERAGE FOR EMPLOYEES OF THE TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY SYSTEM AND EMPLOYEES OF INSTITUTIONS OF THE TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY SYSTEM", "url": "/statutes/LA/502.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/502.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for workers' compensation insurance for employees of Texas A&M University System institutions. It explains who is covered, how benefits are calculated, and what the system or institution can do about self‑insurance, pre‑existing condition waivers, out‑of‑state work, and use of sick or annual leave. It also outlines reporting requirements, medical examinations, and how appeals are handled.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I get workers' compensation coverage as an employee of a Texas A&M university?", "What benefits am I entitled to if I am injured on the job at a Texas A&M institution?", "Can my employer waive workers' comp coverage for a pre‑existing medical condition?", "Are part‑time or piece‑work employees covered the same way as full‑time staff?", "What happens to my workers' comp benefits if I use my sick or annual leave first?", "Does the coverage apply if I work or get injured outside of Texas?", "Can a Texas A&M institution choose to self‑insure for workers' compensation?", "What reports must the university file after an employee is injured?", "What if I refuse to take a medical exam ordered by the workers' comp division?", "Who handles appeals and legal representation for workers' comp claims at Texas A&M?", "Does the board of regents require me to buy group life and accident insurance as a condition of employment?", "How is the amount of workers' comp benefits calculated for employees who work less than a full day?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-compensation", "texas-a-m-university", "employer-self-insurance", "preexisting-condition-waiver", "out-of-state-employees", "leave-offsets", "injury-reporting" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas A&M workers' comp rules", "A&M System employee injury insurance", "University system workers' compensation coverage", "Texas A&M employee injury benefits", "A&M System workers' compensation statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "503", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 503. WORKERS' COMPENSATION INSURANCE COVERAGE FOR EMPLOYEES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SYSTEM AND EMPLOYEES OF INSTITUTIONS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SYSTEM", "url": "/statutes/LA/503.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/503.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a workers' compensation insurance system for employees of the University of Texas System and its institutions. It defines who is covered, sets benefit limits, allows self‑insurance, outlines how sick and annual leave affect benefits, requires injury reporting and medical examinations, and explains the procedures for disputes and appeals.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is covered by workers' compensation under the University of Texas System?", "What benefits do part‑time or less‑than‑full‑day UT employees receive if they are injured?", "Can a UT employee waive their workers' compensation rights before starting work?", "How are out‑of‑state employees of the UT System covered for work‑related injuries?", "What happens to my accrued sick or annual leave when I file a workers' comp claim?", "Who pays for the medical examinations of a UT employee injured on the job?", "Can a UT institution choose to self‑insure its workers' compensation obligations?", "What is the process for appealing a workers' compensation decision in the UT System?", "What injury information must a UT institution report to the state division?", "What penalties apply if a court clerk fails to file required workers' comp documents?", "How does the system handle benefits for the legal beneficiaries of a deceased employee?", "What are the rules for postponing a hearing when an employee is receiving medical treatment?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-compensation", "university-of-texas", "self-insurance", "injury-reporting", "leave-offsets", "appeals", "benefits" ], "synonyms": [ "UT System workers' comp", "University of Texas workers' compensation coverage", "UT employee injury insurance", "UT System employee workers' comp act" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "504", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 504. WORKERS' COMPENSATION INSURANCE COVERAGE FOR EMPLOYEES OF POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/LA/504.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/504.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for workers' compensation insurance for employees of Texas political subdivisions such as counties, cities, school districts, and other local government entities. It explains who is covered, how coverage can be provided (self‑insurance, insurance policy, or interlocal pool), optional coverage for volunteers and elected officials, exclusions, and special benefits for first responders and death investigators. The chapter also outlines how benefits are paid, how joint insurance funds work, and the administrative requirements for notifying employees and handling claims.", "questions_answered": [ "Do political subdivisions like cities and counties have to provide workers' compensation for their employees?", "Can a local government choose to self‑insure its workers' compensation instead of buying a policy?", "Are volunteer firefighters and EMTs covered by workers' compensation under this law?", "Can elected officials or people paid for jury service be covered by workers' compensation?", "What medical and wage benefits do first responders receive if they develop PTSD from their job?", "How does a political subdivision notify its employees about workers' compensation coverage?", "What types of workers are excluded from coverage under this chapter?", "How can multiple political subdivisions create a joint insurance fund for workers' compensation?", "What rules apply to municipal utilities when they provide workers' compensation for their staff?", "Can a political subdivision limit its liability for workers' compensation claims?", "What happens to an employee’s sick‑leave balance when they receive workers' compensation benefits?", "How are disputes over medical treatment for injured government employees resolved?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-compensation", "political-subdivisions", "self-insurance", "first-responders", "volunteer-coverage", "joint-fund", "benefits" ], "synonyms": [ "Workers' Compensation for Government Employees", "Public Employee Workers' Comp", "Political Subdivision Workers' Compensation", "Local Government Workers' Comp", "Government Workers' Compensation Coverage" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "505", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 505. WORKERS' COMPENSATION INSURANCE COVERAGE FOR EMPLOYEES OF TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION", "url": "/statutes/LA/505.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/505.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a workers' compensation system for employees of the Texas Department of Transportation. It defines who is covered, how benefits are paid, and sets rules for subcontractors, injury reporting, medical exams, and administrative procedures like payroll set‑aside. The department may also choose to self‑insure its workers' comp obligations.", "questions_answered": [ "Does the Texas Department of Transportation provide workers' compensation benefits to its employees?", "Can the department choose to self‑insure its workers' compensation coverage?", "Are workers hired by subcontractors on DOT projects covered by workers' compensation?", "What information must be reported when a DOT employee is injured?", "What happens if an injured employee refuses to undergo a required medical examination?", "Can an employee use accrued sick leave or annual leave before receiving workers' comp income benefits?", "Who decides if a new hire is physically fit to work for the department?", "What limits exist on suing the department for a work‑related injury?", "How does the department administer the workers' compensation program and set aside funds for it?", "What penalties apply if a court clerk fails to properly handle workers' compensation documents?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-compensation", "texas-department-of-transportation", "self-insurance", "subcontractor-coverage", "injury-reporting", "medical-examination", "payroll-set-aside" ], "synonyms": [ "DOT workers' comp", "Texas Department of Transportation employee insurance", "state employee workers' compensation", "Chapter 505 workers' compensation", "TX DOT workers' compensation coverage" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "LA", "code_name": "Labor Code", "chapter": "506", "title": "LABOR CODE CHAPTER 506. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES", "url": "/statutes/LA/506.md", "json_url": "/statutes/LA/506.json", "summary": "Chapter 506 sets rules for workers' compensation involving Texas government employees. It requires the state to pay court-ordered benefits within 30 days and adds penalties if it doesn’t. It also tells agencies how to reimburse the general fund when they use non‑treasury money, and it confirms that members of emergency response teams are covered under the regular workers' comp system.", "questions_answered": [ "What must the state do if a workers' compensation judgment is entered against it?", "Can I receive a penalty if the state delays payment of my workers' comp award?", "How soon must a state agency reimburse the general revenue fund for workers' comp payments it made?", "What paperwork does an agency need to send to the comptroller for reimbursement?", "Can the state auditor check if agencies are following the reimbursement rules?", "Does service on Texas Task Force 1 count as work for workers' compensation purposes?", "Are members of intrastate fire mutual aid teams covered by workers' comp?", "If I’m injured during training for a regional incident management team, will I get workers' comp benefits?", "Do the same workers' comp rules apply to all types of government employee coverage chapters?", "What is the penalty amount if I have to file a mandamus action to force the state to pay?", "Can agencies use a revolving account to manage reimbursements for workers' comp?", "Do emergency‑response employees need to be activated by the Texas Division of Emergency Management to be covered?" ], "issue_tags": [ "workers-compensation", "government-employees", "state-payment-deadline", "reimbursement-procedures", "emergency-response-coverage", "mandamus-penalty" ], "synonyms": [ "Chapter 506", "Miscellaneous provisions for government employees", "Workers' compensation rules for state employees", "State employee workers' comp statutes", "Government employee compensation provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1.json", "summary": "Chapter 1 of the Texas Occupations Code explains why the code exists, how it is organized, and how references to older statutes are treated. It also sets rules that local governments cannot create ordinances that conflict with the code unless specifically allowed, making the state’s occupational regulations the primary authority.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the purpose of the Texas Occupations Code?", "Why was the Occupations Code reorganized and rewritten?", "How are references to older statutes handled under this code?", "Can a city or county make rules that conflict with the Occupations Code?", "What does preemption mean for local ordinances in Texas?", "Who decides how the Occupations Code is structured and numbered?", "Does the Occupations Code change the actual law or just restate it?", "Are local governments allowed to regulate massage establishments under this code?", "What happens if a local ordinance conflicts with the Occupations Code?", "How does the Code Construction Act affect the Occupations Code?" ], "issue_tags": [ "purpose", "code-construction", "preemption", "statutory-revision", "local-authority", "occupational-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "Occupations Code General Provisions", "Chapter 1 Occupations Code", "Texas Occupations Code preamble", "Occupations Code purpose section", "Occupations Code construction rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "51", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 51. TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF LICENSING AND REGULATION", "url": "/statutes/OC/51.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/51.json", "summary": "Chapter 51 creates the Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation and its governing commission. It sets rules for appointing commission members, licensing procedures, fees, inspections, complaints, and enforcement actions, including penalties and sanctions. The chapter also outlines conflict‑of‑interest restrictions, advisory board requirements, and special licensing options such as temporary or restricted licenses.", "questions_answered": [ "How are members of the Texas Licensing and Regulation commission appointed and what qualifications must they have?", "What conflict‑of‑interest rules apply to commission members and department employees?", "Can a former commission member accept gifts or political contributions after leaving office?", "What is the process for filing and investigating a complaint against a license holder?", "How does the department determine and collect administrative penalties for violations?", "What are the steps to renew a professional license and what fees are required?", "When can the department issue a temporary or emergency license, and how long do they last?", "What powers does the commission have to deny, suspend, or revoke a license?", "How are advisory boards created, and what role do they play in rulemaking?", "What inspection methods can the department use to enforce regulations?", "How does the department handle emergency orders and cease‑and‑desist actions?", "What are the requirements for restricted licenses and how can they be upgraded to unrestricted status?" ], "issue_tags": [ "licensing", "commission", "conflict-of-interest", "complaints", "penalties", "advisory-boards", "inspections", "restricted-licenses" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation", "TDLR", "Occupations Code Chapter 51", "Texas Commission of Licensing and Regulation", "TDLR Commission" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "52", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 52. TRANSFER OF LICENSE", "url": "/statutes/OC/52.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/52.json", "summary": "This chapter explains that a professional or occupational license can be treated like personal property and transferred to another person. The new holder may work under the license after meeting the original application requirements, but only one person can use a license at a time. Licenses can be sold when a business closes, and any transferred license may only be moved once more.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sell my professional license like other property?", "How do I transfer my occupational license to another person?", "Can two people share the same license at the same time?", "What steps must I take to use a license I have purchased?", "Is a license considered an asset of the owner?", "Can I assign my license to someone else after buying it?", "Is a transferred license allowed to be transferred again?", "Do I need to reapply for a license after acquiring it?", "What happens to a license if my business shuts down?", "Can I keep a license after selling my business?", "Are there any restrictions on selling or assigning a license?", "Do I need to notify the licensing board when I transfer a license?" ], "issue_tags": [ "license-transfer", "professional-licenses", "asset-sale", "single-license-use", "licensing-ownership", "occupation-licensing" ], "synonyms": [ "transfer of occupational license", "license sale", "license assignment", "professional license transfer", "occupational license transfer", "license conveyance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "53", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 53. CONSEQUENCES OF CRIMINAL CONVICTION", "url": "/statutes/OC/53.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/53.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas licensing boards how to handle people who have criminal convictions when they apply for, hold, or renew a professional license. It explains when a license can be denied, suspended, revoked, or issued provisionally, and sets out the notice and appeal process for those decisions. The law also lists the factors boards must consider to decide if a conviction is related to the occupation. It provides guidance for applicants on requesting a criminal‑history evaluation and for educational programs to inform students about possible license restrictions.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I get a professional license in Texas after a felony conviction?", "What types of crimes automatically disqualify me from a license?", "Will a misdemeanor affect my ability to get a license that allows me to carry a firearm?", "How does a licensing board decide if my conviction is related to my occupation?", "Can I receive a provisional license if I have a criminal record?", "What notice must a licensing authority give me if they deny or suspend my license because of a prior conviction?", "How do I request a criminal‑history evaluation letter before applying for a license?", "What steps can I take to appeal a license denial based on my criminal history?", "What factors will the board look at when deciding whether to revoke my license after a conviction?", "Do educational programs have to tell students about possible license ineligibility due to past offenses?" ], "issue_tags": [ "criminal-conviction-licensing", "license-eligibility", "provisional-license", "licensing-appeal", "criminal-history-evaluation", "license-notice", "license-revocation" ], "synonyms": [ "Consequences of criminal conviction for occupational licenses", "License eligibility after a conviction", "Criminal record licensing rules", "Texas occupational licensing and prior offenses", "License denial due to prior crimes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "54", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 54. EXAMINATION ON RELIGIOUS HOLY DAY; EXAMINATION ACCOMMODATIONS FOR PERSON WITH DYSLEXIA", "url": "/statutes/OC/54.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/54.json", "summary": "This chapter requires state agencies that give licensing exams to let people who cannot take a test on a religious holy day reschedule it for another day. It also obligates those agencies to provide reasonable testing accommodations for examinees who have dyslexia, based on eligibility rules they must set.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I postpone my licensing exam because my religion forbids me from taking it on a certain day?", "What steps do I need to take to reschedule an exam that falls on a religious holy day?", "Do I have to prove my religious observance to get a new exam date?", "What kinds of testing accommodations are available for someone diagnosed with dyslexia?", "How do I request dyslexia accommodations for a state licensing exam?", "What documentation is required to qualify for dyslexia accommodations?", "Do these accommodation rules apply to all state licensing exams?", "Which state agencies must follow these exam accommodation requirements?", "Is there a deadline for asking to move an exam because of a religious holiday?", "Can private testing centers refuse to provide dyslexia accommodations?", "What eligibility criteria must I meet to receive a dyslexia accommodation?", "Are there any fees associated with rescheduling an exam for religious reasons?" ], "issue_tags": [ "religious-accommodation", "dyslexia-accommodation", "licensing-exams", "state-agency-procedures", "exam-scheduling", "disability-rights" ], "synonyms": [ "religious holy day exam rescheduling", "dyslexia testing accommodations", "exam accommodations for religious observance", "state licensing exam accommodations", "religious exemption from exam dates", "dyslexia exam support" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "55", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 55. LICENSING OF MILITARY SERVICE MEMBERS, MILITARY VETERANS, AND MILITARY SPOUSES", "url": "/statutes/OC/55.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/55.json", "summary": "This chapter gives Texas licensing agencies special rules for active‑duty service members, veterans, and their spouses. It lets them extend renewal deadlines, waive fees, use out‑of‑state licenses, get faster processing, and count military training toward licensing requirements. Agencies must post the benefits online and keep a public record of any complaints.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I keep my professional license while I'm deployed overseas?", "Do I have to pay renewal fees if I'm on active duty or a veteran?", "How much extra time do I get to complete continuing education for my license when I'm serving in the military?", "Can I work in Texas using a license I already have from another state as a military spouse?", "What documents do I need to prove my military status to get a Texas license?", "Will my military training count toward the apprenticeship or education requirements for my occupation?", "How quickly must the state agency process my license application as a service member or veteran?", "Do I still need to meet Texas residency requirements for a professional license if I'm stationed here?", "Can I get a provisional license while my full application is being reviewed?", "Are complaints about my practice as a military license holder posted online?", "What happens to my license if I divorce my military spouse?", "How do I know if my out‑of‑state license is considered in good standing?" ], "issue_tags": [ "military-licensing", "license-renewal-extension", "fee-waiver", "out-of-state-license", "expedited-processing", "veteran-education-credit", "licensing-complaints" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas military licensing provisions", "military service member licensing rules", "veteran and spouse licensing benefits", "occupational licensing for military personnel", "military licensing exemptions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "56", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 56. DISCIPLINARY ACTION AGAINST RECIPIENTS OF STUDENT FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROHIBITED", "url": "/statutes/OC/56.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/56.json", "summary": "This chapter stops state licensing agencies from punishing professionals because they fall behind on student loans or break scholarship agreements. It says a licensing board cannot deny, suspend, or otherwise discipline someone based on those financial issues. The rule applies to any license, certificate, registration, permit, or similar authorization needed to work in a regulated field.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a licensing board refuse to give me a professional license because I missed a student loan payment?", "Will my license be suspended if I default on a student loan or break a scholarship contract?", "Are licensing authorities allowed to use my student loan status as a reason to deny license renewal?", "Does this law protect me from disciplinary action if I can't repay a student loan?", "What types of licenses are covered by the prohibition on discipline for student loan default?", "Can a state agency take any punitive action against me for breaching a scholarship agreement?", "If I have a student loan repayment contract, can a licensing board still take action against me for default?", "Does this rule apply to both public and private student loans?", "Are there any exceptions that let a licensing authority discipline me for loan issues?", "How does this chapter affect my ability to practice my profession if I have financial aid problems?" ], "issue_tags": [ "student-loan", "licensing-authority", "disciplinary-action", "professional-licenses", "financial-assistance", "default-protection" ], "synonyms": [ "Student loan default protection for licensees", "Prohibition on license discipline for scholarship breaches", "Licensing authority discipline restrictions", "Financial aid and professional licensing rule", "Student loan and licensing discipline ban" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "57", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 57. REQUIREMENTS FOR LICENSING AGENCIES", "url": "/statutes/OC/57.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/57.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a special division within the governor's office to examine any new or changed rules from state licensing agencies that could affect market competition. It sets rules for how agencies must submit those proposals, what information they must include, and how the division reviews, approves, or rejects them. It also bars certain conflicts of interest for the division’s director and staff.", "questions_answered": [ "Do licensing agencies have to get state approval before adopting rules that might limit competition?", "What kinds of licensing agency rules must be submitted for review?", "How long does the review division have to decide on a submitted rule?", "What information must a licensing agency provide when it submits a rule for review?", "Can the division reject a proposed rule and require the agency to revise it?", "What qualifications are required for the director of the rule‑review division?", "Are board members allowed to be forced to join a private trade association to serve on a licensing agency board?", "What conflicts of interest are prohibited for the division’s director and staff?", "Can the division start its own review of a rule that wasn’t submitted for review?", "What happens if a proposed rule would create barriers to market entry or raise prices?", "Who decides whether a licensing agency can finally adopt a rule that affects competition?", "Can a person who is a lobbyist or works for a Texas trade association serve as the division’s director?" ], "issue_tags": [ "licensing-agency", "rule-review", "antitrust", "conflict-of-interest", "market-competition", "governance" ], "synonyms": [ "Licensing agency rule oversight", "State agency rule review process", "Antitrust review of licensing rules", "Governor's division for rule evaluation", "Regulatory rule approval system" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "58", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 58. USE OF GENETIC INFORMATION", "url": "/statutes/OC/58.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/58.json", "summary": "This chapter protects the privacy of genetic information for people applying for or holding occupational licenses. It bars licensing authorities from requiring genetic tests, family health histories, or using test results to deny, suspend, or revoke a license, and it sets strict rules for keeping that information confidential and for destroying genetic samples. It also outlines when genetic data can be shared with written consent and imposes civil penalties for unauthorized disclosures.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a licensing board force me to take a genetic test to get my professional license?", "Can my occupational license be denied or revoked because I refused a genetic test?", "Am I required to provide a family health history to obtain or keep my license?", "What rights do I have to keep my genetic test results private?", "How can I get my genetic test results disclosed to my doctor?", "When is it allowed to keep a genetic sample after testing?", "What written permission is needed to share my genetic information with someone else?", "Can my genetic data be used in a criminal investigation without my consent?", "Are there exceptions that let my genetic information be shared for research purposes?", "What penalties apply if someone illegally discloses my genetic information?", "Can genetic information be used to establish paternity?", "Who can order the destruction of my genetic sample and when?" ], "issue_tags": [ "genetic-privacy", "occupational-licensing", "confidentiality", "sample-destruction", "authorized-disclosure", "civil-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "genetic information protection for licenses", "genetic privacy in occupational licensing", "use of genetic data in Texas licensing", "genetic test confidentiality", "genetic data confidentiality law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "59", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 59. INFORMATION RELATING TO LICENSING", "url": "/statutes/OC/59.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/59.json", "summary": "This chapter makes sure that the Social Security numbers of people applying for or holding a professional license are kept private. It bars licensing agencies from sharing those numbers under the state's public records law. The protection applies to all occupations that require a license, certificate, or registration.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my social security number be released if I apply for a professional license?", "Is my SSN protected from public records requests in Texas?", "What personal information is kept confidential for license applicants?", "Can a licensing agency share my SSN with anyone outside the agency?", "Does this confidentiality rule apply to all types of occupational licenses?", "Are there any exceptions that allow my SSN to be disclosed?", "How does Texas law protect my SSN in licensing records?", "What should I do if my SSN is accidentally released by a licensing agency?", "Can I request that my SSN be removed from a public record?", "Which agencies are required to keep my SSN confidential?" ], "issue_tags": [ "confidentiality", "social-security-number", "licensing", "privacy", "public-records" ], "synonyms": [ "SSN confidentiality for licensees", "license applicant privacy", "social security number protection", "occupational licensing privacy", "confidentiality of SSN in licensing" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "60", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 60. DIGITAL LICENSES", "url": "/statutes/OC/60.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/60.json", "summary": "This chapter lets state, county, or city agencies give occupational licenses in a digital format. The digital license must be secure, easy for the holder to access online or on a mobile device, and viewable by the public via a website or QR code. If a vendor is used, the format must let both the vendor and agency verify that the license is valid.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my professional or trade license be issued as a digital card instead of paper?", "What security features must a digital occupational license have?", "How do I access my digital license on my phone or computer?", "Can the public view my digital license online or with a QR code?", "Do county or city governments have the authority to issue digital licenses?", "What happens if a private vendor helps create my digital license?", "Is a QR code required for the public to verify a digital license?", "Will a digital license replace my existing paper license?", "What format must a digital license use so the agency can confirm its authenticity?", "When did Texas start requiring digital licenses for occupations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "digital-licenses", "occupational-licensing", "electronic-credentials", "public-verification", "vendor-contracts" ], "synonyms": [ "electronic occupational licenses", "digital professional credentials", "online license issuance", "e-licenses for trades", "digital licensing for occupations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "101", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 101. HEALTH PROFESSIONS COUNCIL", "url": "/statutes/OC/101.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/101.json", "summary": "The Health Professions Council brings together Texas health licensing agencies to coordinate rules, handle consumer complaints, and oversee training and reporting. It runs a toll‑free complaint line, enforces advertising and billing standards, and funds an Office of Patient Protection to advocate for consumers. The council can impose civil penalties and supports a standard complaint process for the public.", "questions_answered": [ "Who serves on the Texas Health Professions Council and how are members chosen?", "What does the council’s toll‑free complaint system do and how can I use it?", "How does the council protect the confidentiality of my health‑care complaint?", "What training must new members of health‑licensing boards complete before they start?", "What rules apply to health‑professional advertising to prevent false or misleading claims?", "What can happen if a health professional overcharges or provides unnecessary treatment?", "How does the Office of Patient Protection help consumers with complaints against licensing agencies?", "What billing information must a physician give to a patient who asks for it?", "What are the penalties if a health professional violates the council’s advertising or billing rules?", "How does the council’s annual report influence health‑workforce planning and legislation?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-professions-council", "consumer-protection", "complaint-system", "licensing-board-training", "false-advertising", "billing-disclosure", "civil-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Health Professions Council", "Texas Health Professions Council", "HP Council", "state health professions council", "health licensing council", "council of health professions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "102", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 102. SOLICITATION OF PATIENTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/102.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/102.json", "summary": "This chapter makes it illegal to pay, receive, or promise any money, benefits, or commissions for directing patients to health professionals, unless the arrangement follows federal law. It requires anyone who receives such compensation to disclose the relationship to the patient at the time of referral. The law sets misdemeanor or felony penalties, civil fines, and allows disciplinary action, while providing specific exceptions for certain entities, advertising, and health‑care information services. A separate part applies the same rules to practitioners of the healing arts, like massage therapists and optometrists.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I pay a doctor or therapist for referring patients to them?", "Is it illegal to receive a commission for sending patients to a health professional?", "Do I have to tell a patient if I get a referral fee for sending them to a provider?", "What penalties could I face for violating the patient solicitation rules?", "Does this law apply to insurance companies or government health programs?", "Can a health‑care information service charge providers for listing them?", "Are there any advertising restrictions under this patient solicitation law?", "What happens if I was previously convicted of a patient solicitation offense?", "Do massage therapists and optometrists have to follow the same rules?", "Can a hospital or health maintenance organization be exempt from these rules?", "What civil penalties can be imposed for each day of violation?", "Can the attorney general sue for an injunction against someone breaking this law?" ], "issue_tags": [ "patient-referral", "kickbacks", "disclosure", "health-care-ethics", "civil-penalties", "healing-arts", "advertising" ], "synonyms": [ "patient solicitation law", "referral fee prohibition", "anti‑kickback statute", "Texas health professional referral rules", "patient referral kickback ban" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "103", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 103. RIGHT TO OBJECT TO PARTICIPATION IN ABORTION PROCEDURE", "url": "/statutes/OC/103.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/103.json", "summary": "This chapter lets doctors, nurses, and other health‑care staff refuse to take part in abortions, whether directly or indirectly. It bars hospitals, health‑care facilities, and schools from discriminating against anyone who objects or who is willing to work on abortions elsewhere. If the law is broken, the affected person can sue for an injunction, reinstatement, back pay, and other relief. Private hospitals only have to provide abortion services when a physician says the mother's life is in immediate danger.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a nurse refuse to assist with an abortion?", "May a doctor be forced to perform an abortion against their conscience?", "Is a hospital allowed to fire an employee for objecting to abortions?", "Can a health‑care facility discriminate against someone who refuses to do abortions?", "What legal actions can I take if my right to object to abortions is violated?", "Are schools allowed to reject a medical student because of their stance on abortion?", "Do private hospitals have to provide abortion services if they choose not to?", "What remedies are available if I am denied employment because I object to abortions?", "Can an employer require me to indirectly participate in an abortion procedure?", "What defines “directly or indirectly” participating in an abortion under this law?" ], "issue_tags": [ "abortion-conscience-rights", "healthcare-employment-discrimination", "medical-workplace-rights", "legal-remedies", "private-hospital-obligations" ], "synonyms": [ "conscience clause for abortion", "right to refuse abortion participation", "abortion conscience protection", "physician conscience rights", "health‑care employee objection law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "104", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 104. HEALING ART PRACTITIONERS", "url": "/statutes/OC/104.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/104.json", "summary": "This chapter tells licensed health professionals in Texas exactly how to label the type of healing art they practice and which professional titles they may use on signs, stationery, and other public materials. It also requires anyone else using the title “doctor” to explain the authority behind it, sets out how violations are prosecuted, and lists the fines or license revocation that can result. The rules do not apply to prayer‑based care offered by an established church that follows sanitary laws and does not operate a medical office.", "questions_answered": [ "What title can I put on my business card if I am a licensed physician in Texas?", "Which professional titles am I allowed to use as a licensed dentist, chiropractor, or podiatrist?", "Can I call myself a ‘doctor’ if I have an honorary degree or a non‑medical doctorate?", "What information must I include on my office sign to comply with the Healing Art Identification Act?", "What are the penalties if I use the wrong title on my letterhead?", "Who is responsible for prosecuting violations of this chapter?", "Does this law affect prayer or other religious healing practices?", "Do I need to list my specific healing art on marketing brochures and pamphlets?", "What are the fines for a first, second, or third offense under this chapter?", "If my license is revoked for title misuse, who gets notified?" ], "issue_tags": [ "healing-art-identification", "professional-titles", "licensing", "enforcement", "penalties", "religious-exemption" ], "synonyms": [ "Healing Art Identification Act", "Texas Healing Art Identification Act", "Chapter 104 Healing Art Practitioners", "Occupations Code Chapter 104" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "105", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 105. UNPROFESSIONAL CONDUCT BY HEALTH CARE PROVIDER", "url": "/statutes/OC/105.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/105.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas what counts as unprofessional behavior for doctors, nurses, and other licensed health providers. It makes it illegal to file false insurance claims or to steer patients to a hospital where the provider or a close family member has a financial stake unless the patient gets a written disclosure and a choice of another facility. Violating these rules can lead to suspension or revocation of the provider’s license. The law also defines what a “niche hospital” is and clarifies that ordinary stock investments in mutual funds are not covered.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a health care provider be disciplined for submitting false insurance claims?", "What must a doctor do if they refer a patient to a hospital they own or have a family interest in?", "Is it required to give patients a written disclosure about a provider’s financial interest in a hospital?", "What are the penalties if a provider commits unprofessional conduct?", "How does Texas define a “niche hospital”?", "Does owning shares in a mutual fund that invests in a hospital count as a conflict of interest?", "Can a provider be punished for directing patients to a hospital where a family member has a stake?", "What actions are considered unprofessional conduct for health care providers?", "Are there any exceptions for publicly traded investments in this rule?", "What is a diagnosis-related group and why does it matter here?" ], "issue_tags": [ "unprofessional-conduct", "health-care-fraud", "conflict-of-interest", "provider-discipline", "niche-hospital", "insurance-fraud" ], "synonyms": [ "unprofessional conduct by health care providers", "health provider misconduct", "medical provider fraud rules", "Texas health professional discipline", "provider conflict of interest regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "106", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 106. GENERAL REGULATORY AUTHORITY REGARDING HEALTH CARE PRACTITIONERS' USE OF INTERNET", "url": "/statutes/OC/106.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/106.json", "summary": "This chapter says that when health care professionals use the internet, it does not change the ability of state licensing boards to regulate them. Whether a service is provided online or offline, the same rules and oversight apply. The law simply clarifies that internet activity is covered by existing licensing authority powers.", "questions_answered": [ "Does using the internet change how a doctor or nurse is regulated?", "Can a state medical board discipline a practitioner for something done online?", "Are online health services subject to the same licensing rules as in‑person services?", "What authority does a licensing board have over internet activities of health professionals?", "If a health care provider offers telemedicine, does that affect the board’s power to enforce standards?", "Do state regulations apply to a therapist’s social media posts?", "Can a health professional be fined for illegal conduct that occurs on a website?", "Is the internet considered a separate venue for health‑care regulation?", "Do licensing agencies need special rules for online practice?", "Will an online health‑care complaint be handled the same as a traditional one?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-care-regulation", "internet-use", "licensing-authority", "online-practice", "professional-standards" ], "synonyms": [ "Internet activity regulation for health practitioners", "Online conduct rules for medical licenses", "Health professional internet regulation", "Internet and licensing authority" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "107", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 107. INTRACTABLE PAIN TREATMENT", "url": "/statutes/OC/107.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/107.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas doctors prescribe and give strong pain medicines to patients whose pain can’t be cured, even if they have a history of drug abuse. It requires doctors to closely monitor use, keep detailed records, and consult with addiction specialists. Hospitals can’t block these prescriptions, and doctors are protected from discipline unless they misuse the drugs or fail to document properly.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a physician prescribe opioids to a patient who has a history of drug abuse for severe, untreatable pain?", "What documentation must a doctor keep when prescribing a controlled substance for intractable pain?", "Are hospitals allowed to restrict a doctor’s prescription of pain medication for a patient with chronic pain?", "What monitoring is required to ensure a pain medication is used only for the patient’s medical condition?", "Does this law protect doctors from disciplinary action for prescribing strong pain meds?", "When must a doctor consult with a psychologist or addiction specialist while treating a pain patient?", "What are the limits on prescribing dangerous drugs for non‑therapeutic purposes?", "How does the law define ‘intractable pain’ and who decides if a patient qualifies?", "What records must a physician keep about the purchase and disposal of controlled substances?", "Can a physician treat a patient for pain if the patient is currently abusing a controlled substance?" ], "issue_tags": [ "intractable-pain", "opioid-prescribing", "controlled-substances", "physician-discipline", "patient-monitoring", "pain-management" ], "synonyms": [ "Intractable Pain Treatment Act", "Texas pain management law", "chronic pain prescribing rules", "opioid prescribing protections", "dangerous drug treatment statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "108", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 108. LICENSE SUSPENSION OR REVOCATION REQUIRED", "url": "/statutes/OC/108.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/108.json", "summary": "Chapter 108 sets out when Texas health‑care licenses can be suspended, revoked, or denied because the holder has certain criminal convictions, such as drug felonies for physicians or violent, sexual, or patient‑related offenses for any health professional. It also explains how a license can be reinstated or reissued only after a thorough review and when the conviction is overturned or the registration requirement ends.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a doctor lose their license if convicted of a drug felony?", "What crimes cause an automatic denial or revocation of a health‑care license in Texas?", "Will a nurse’s license be revoked if they are convicted of a violent felony?", "Does being required to register as a sex offender automatically bar a pharmacist from getting a license?", "How can a health professional apply to get their license back after a conviction is overturned?", "What is the process for reinstating a physician’s license after suspension for a drug felony?", "Are licensing authorities required to update their records immediately after a license is revoked?", "Can a dentist reapply for a license after a deferred adjudication for assault?", "What evidence must the board consider before reinstating a revoked license?", "Do all health‑care professionals face the same licensing consequences for offenses involving patients?", "What role does the Texas Medical Board play in suspending physician licenses for drug felonies?", "When does a health‑care professional have to wait before reapplying after a sex‑offender registration period ends?" ], "issue_tags": [ "license-suspension", "license-revocation", "health-professional-conduct", "criminal-convictions", "reinstatement", "sex-offender-registration", "drug-felony" ], "synonyms": [ "License suspension and revocation rules for health professionals", "Texas health‑care licensing disciplinary actions", "Medical board license discipline", "Health professional criminal background licensing", "Occupations Code Chapter 108" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "109", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 109. RELEASE OF SEX OFFENDER TREATMENT INFORMATION", "url": "/statutes/OC/109.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/109.json", "summary": "This chapter lets certain licensed mental‑health and medical professionals, criminal‑justice agencies, and local law‑enforcement share a sex offender's treatment records when it helps with criminal‑justice work. It defines who can release the information, what kinds of treatment data can be shared, and protects those who share it from being sued for damages.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a psychologist share a sex offender's treatment notes with the police?", "Who is allowed to release a sex offender's rehab information in Texas?", "What types of treatment information about a sex offender can be disclosed?", "Can a criminal‑justice agency give a sex offender's treatment records to a local sheriff?", "Are mental‑health providers immune from lawsuits if they share a sex offender's records?", "Do I need a court order to get a sex offender's treatment history?", "Can the Texas Civil Commitment Office receive a sex offender's treatment data?", "What qualifies as a licensed professional who may release sex offender treatment info?", "Can a local law‑enforcement agency share a sex offender's treatment info with another agency?", "Is victim statement information part of the treatment data that can be shared?" ], "issue_tags": [ "sex-offender-treatment", "information-sharing", "criminal-justice", "health-professional-privacy", "immunity" ], "synonyms": [ "Sex offender treatment information release", "Sex offender rehab data disclosure", "Sex offender treatment info sharing", "Sex offender confidentiality exception", "Treatment records release for sex offenders" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "110", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 110. COUNCIL ON SEX OFFENDER TREATMENT", "url": "/statutes/OC/110.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/110.json", "summary": "This chapter creates the Council on Sex Offender Treatment, which oversees licensing, training, and standards for professionals who treat adult and juvenile sex offenders in Texas. It sets rules for council membership, fees, disciplinary actions, confidentiality, and how the council shares information and funds with other agencies. The council also handles complaints, audits, and reports on its activities.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I become a licensed sex offender treatment provider in Texas?", "What qualifications are required to serve on the Council on Sex Offender Treatment?", "How often does the council have to meet and who decides additional meetings?", "What fees do I need to pay for a license, renewal, or training as a treatment provider?", "What disciplinary actions can the council take against a licensed provider?", "How does the council protect confidential information about offenders and treatment?", "What is the process for renewing or reinstating an expired license?", "What are the penalties for providing sex offender treatment without a license?", "How does the council collect and share information about treatment programs with courts and agencies?", "Can a council member be removed for not meeting qualifications or missing meetings?" ], "issue_tags": [ "sex-offender-treatment", "licensing", "council-governance", "disciplinary-procedures", "confidentiality", "fees", "training" ], "synonyms": [ "Council on Sex Offender Treatment", "Texas Sex Offender Treatment Council", "Sex Offender Treatment Provider Licensing", "Sex Offender Rehabilitation Council", "Texas Sex Offender Treatment Program Regulation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "111", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 111. TELEMEDICINE, TELEDENTISTRY, AND TELEHEALTH", "url": "/statutes/OC/111.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/111.json", "summary": "This chapter sets Texas rules for delivering health care at a distance, covering telemedicine, teledentistry, and other telehealth services. It requires patient consent and privacy protection, matches the standard of care to in‑person treatment, and outlines how boards can regulate supervision, licensing, and prescription limits. Mental‑health services are excluded.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need to get a patient’s consent before providing a telemedicine or teledentistry visit?", "What privacy rules apply to a patient’s clinical information when I use telehealth technology?", "Can a dentist prescribe controlled substances, like opioids, through a teledentistry appointment?", "How many non‑physician staff can a doctor supervise when delivering telemedicine services?", "What types of health services are considered telehealth under Texas law?", "Are mental‑health services covered by the telemedicine statutes?", "Does the standard of care for remote care have to be the same as for in‑person care?", "What record‑keeping requirements exist for consent and data sharing in telehealth?", "Can a dentist delegate dental services to another health professional, and what disclosures are required?", "What are the limits on the quantity of opioids a dentist can prescribe via teledentistry?", "Which state boards can create rules governing telemedicine and teledentistry?", "How is a valid prescription determined when it’s issued through a telemedicine visit?" ], "issue_tags": [ "telemedicine", "teledentistry", "telehealth", "informed-consent", "confidentiality", "prescription-limits", "standard-of-care" ], "synonyms": [ "Telemedicine regulations", "Teledentistry rules", "Telehealth statutes", "Remote health services law", "Texas telehealth code", "Telehealth licensing requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "112", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 112. GENERAL LICENSING REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE TO MULTIPLE HEALTH CARE PRACTITIONERS", "url": "/statutes/OC/112.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/112.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the basic rules that Texas licensing agencies must follow for health care practitioners, including definitions, reduced fees for retired providers who only do charity work, and requirements for continuing education. It also mandates that agencies create an electronic system to track education credits and use that system to verify compliance before renewing licenses.", "questions_answered": [ "Do retired doctors or nurses who only volunteer for charities have to pay the usual licensing fees?", "What continuing education requirements must I meet to renew my health care license in Texas?", "How does the state verify that I have completed my required continuing education before renewing my license?", "What information can a continuing education tracking system collect about my license?", "Are there special rules for health care practitioners who work exclusively for charitable organizations?", "Which health care professions are covered by these general licensing requirements?", "Do the continuing education rules apply to all Texas health care licenses, or are there exceptions?", "What must a licensing agency do to set up a continuing education tracking system?", "Does the tracking system need to be accessible to people with disabilities?", "Can a licensing board refuse to renew my license if I haven’t completed the required continuing education?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-care-licensing", "continuing-education", "charity-practice", "license-renewal", "tracking-system", "retired-practitioner" ], "synonyms": [ "general licensing requirements for health professionals", "health care practitioner licensing rules", "continuing education compliance provisions", "charity care licensing provisions", "Texas health professions licensing standards" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "113", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 113. MENTAL HEALTH TELEMEDICINE AND TELEHEALTH SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/OC/113.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/113.json", "summary": "This chapter lets licensed health professionals provide mental‑health care through video, phone, or other electronic means, even when the patient is not in Texas. Providers must stay within the bounds of their license and follow any rules that apply in the patient’s location. The law references existing definitions for telemedicine and telehealth services.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a Texas therapist treat a client who lives in another state using video calls?", "What rules apply when I provide mental‑health services to someone outside Texas via telehealth?", "Do I need a separate license to offer tele‑counseling to out‑of‑state patients?", "Can I use telemedicine to deliver psychotherapy to a client who is in another country?", "Are there any restrictions on the types of mental‑health services I can provide remotely?", "What does Texas law say about providing mental‑health care across state lines?", "Do I have to follow the patient’s state regulations when I practice telehealth?", "Is telehealth allowed for mental‑health treatment under Texas statutes?", "What definitions does Texas use for telemedicine and telehealth in mental health?", "Can I bill for remote mental‑health services to out‑of‑state patients?", "Are there any special consent or documentation requirements for cross‑state tele‑mental‑health?", "How does Texas law address the scope of practice for telehealth mental‑health providers?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mental-health-telemedicine", "out-of-state-telehealth", "cross-jurisdiction-practice", "health-professional-licensing", "telehealth-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "mental health telemedicine", "telehealth mental health services", "remote mental health care", "cross‑state telehealth", "telepsychiatry", "telecounseling" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "114", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 114. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE TO MULTIPLE HEALTH OCCUPATION REGULATORY AGENCIES", "url": "/statutes/OC/114.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/114.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas health‑regulating agencies that they must send a yearly report to the legislature. The report must include data on how many practitioners they oversee, new entrants, complaints, fees collected, expenses, and any funding shortfalls. A standard format for the report is set by the Health Professions Council.", "questions_answered": [ "What must health occupation regulatory agencies report to the legislature each year?", "When is the annual report due?", "What kinds of data about practitioners have to be included in the report?", "How are complaints about health professionals reported and tracked?", "Do agencies need to report how much money they collect in fees?", "What financial information must agencies disclose in their annual report?", "Are agencies required to identify any unfunded needs in their report?", "Who decides the format that agencies must use for their reports?", "Which legislative committees receive the health agency reports?", "What information is required about new health practitioners regulated in the past year?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-profession-reporting", "annual-legislative-report", "regulatory-agency-oversight", "complaint-tracking", "fee-collection", "budget-disclosure" ], "synonyms": [ "Health Occupation Reporting Requirements", "Multiple Health Agency Reporting", "Annual Health Profession Report", "Health Practitioner Reporting Obligations", "Regulatory Agency Annual Report" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "115", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 115. HEALTH OR VETERINARY SERVICES PROVIDED IN CATASTROPHIC CIRCUMSTANCES", "url": "/statutes/OC/115.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/115.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a system that lets health and veterinary professionals volunteer to provide care during emergencies in Texas. It requires volunteers to register, verifies their licenses and background, and lets out‑of‑state licensed providers practice as if they were Texas‑licensed. The state can limit where and what services volunteers can offer, and volunteers are generally protected from civil lawsuits unless they act with misconduct.", "questions_answered": [ "How can a doctor or nurse volunteer to provide care during a Texas disaster?", "Do volunteer health practitioners need a Texas license to work in an emergency?", "What is the registration process for volunteer health or veterinary practitioners in Texas?", "Can a veterinarian from another state treat animals in Texas during a disaster?", "What limits the types of services a volunteer health worker can provide?", "Are volunteer health workers protected from lawsuits for their emergency work?", "Who decides where volunteer health practitioners can work during an emergency?", "What happens if a volunteer health practitioner has a criminal record?", "Can a hospital or other host entity restrict a volunteer’s scope of practice?", "Does this law affect credentialing and privileging standards at health facilities?", "What authority can modify or restrict volunteer health services during an emergency?", "How does Texas coordinate with disaster relief organizations for volunteer health services?" ], "issue_tags": [ "volunteer-health", "emergency-services", "licensing", "liability", "out-of-state-practitioners", "disaster-response" ], "synonyms": [ "Uniform Emergency Volunteer Health Practitioners Act", "volunteer health practitioner regulations", "emergency volunteer health services law", "Texas disaster health volunteer act" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "116", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 116. TRAINING COURSE ON HUMAN TRAFFICKING PREVENTION", "url": "/statutes/OC/116.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/116.json", "summary": "In Texas, certain health care practitioners—any licensed provider except physicians and nurses—must complete a state‑approved training on identifying and helping victims of human trafficking. The training must be finished by the deadline set by commission rules and is required for license renewal. The Health and Human Services Commission posts approved courses online, includes at least one free option, and may approve courses offered by health care facilities.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need to take human trafficking training if I'm a physical therapist in Texas?", "Which health care providers are required to complete trafficking prevention training?", "When must I finish the required human trafficking training?", "Where can I find a list of approved training courses?", "Is there a free training course available for the required human trafficking education?", "Do physicians have to take the human trafficking prevention training?", "Do nurses have to take the human trafficking prevention training?", "Do I have to retake the training each time I renew my license?", "Can my hospital's in‑house training be approved for this requirement?", "Who decides which courses are approved for the trafficking prevention training?", "What are the consequences if I don't complete the required training?", "How does the law define 'health care practitioner' for this training requirement?" ], "issue_tags": [ "human-trafficking-prevention", "health-care-training", "license-renewal", "texas-health-professions", "continuing-education", "practitioner-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "human trafficking training requirement", "mandatory trafficking prevention course", "health care practitioner training on trafficking", "Texas health professional anti-trafficking education", "required continuing education for non-physician providers" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "117", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 117. DIRECT PATIENT CARE", "url": "/statutes/OC/117.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/117.json", "summary": "This chapter defines what a direct patient care agreement is—a written contract where a doctor or other licensed health professional provides care in exchange for a direct fee, which can be a monthly retainer, membership, or other payment. It makes clear that these agreements are not insurance, so providers aren’t regulated as insurers and can’t bill insurers for the services. The law also protects both providers and patients from interference or penalties for using such agreements, and requires a clear disclosure that the arrangement is not insurance.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a doctor charge me a monthly fee for my care without using my health insurance?", "What is a direct patient care agreement and how does it differ from insurance?", "Am I allowed to pay a doctor directly for telemedicine services?", "Do doctors need a special license to offer direct fee arrangements?", "Can a physician bill my health insurer for services that I paid for under a direct care contract?", "Is a direct patient care agreement considered health insurance under Texas law?", "What disclosures must a doctor give me before I sign a direct care contract?", "Can a health insurer or the Texas Medical Board punish a doctor for offering direct fee services?", "Do direct patient care agreements apply to workers' compensation cases?", "Are subscription or membership fees for medical care covered by insurance regulations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "direct-patient-care", "health-care-fees", "insurance-regulation", "telemedicine", "patient-agreements", "physician-billing" ], "synonyms": [ "direct patient care agreements", "direct fee arrangements", "fee-for-service contracts", "private practice agreements", "patient-paid care", "non-insurance health services" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "151", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 151. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/OC/151.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/151.json", "summary": "Chapter 151 sets up Texas's Medical Practice Act, defining who can practice medicine, what counts as practicing medicine, and the role of the Texas Medical Board. It also outlines rules against discrimination, lists who is exempt, and explains how telemedicine and certain contractual arrangements are treated.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a Texas medical license to practice medicine or telemedicine in Texas?", "Can a hospital or health program discriminate against a doctor based on their medical degree or certification status?", "What activities are exempt from the Medical Practice Act, like dentistry, optometry, or emergency care?", "Can a sports team physician practice in Texas without a Texas license?", "Am I allowed to give nutrition or self‑care advice without being a licensed physician?", "What exactly counts as practicing medicine in Texas?", "What is a \"continuing threat to public welfare\" and how does it affect a physician?", "Can a hospital pay a physician a guaranteed minimum and keep the collected fees?", "What is a medical peer review committee and what does it do?", "What does \"maintenance of certification\" mean for doctors in Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "medical-practice-act", "physician-licensing", "discrimination-prohibition", "telemedicine", "exemptions", "peer-review" ], "synonyms": [ "Medical Practice Act", "Texas Medical Board regulations", "Occupations Code Chapter 151", "Texas physician licensing law", "Texas medical licensing statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "152", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 152. STATE BOARD OF MEDICAL EXAMINERS", "url": "/statutes/OC/152.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/152.json", "summary": "The Texas Medical Board oversees the regulation of medical practice in the state. It sets rules for who can serve on the board, how members are appointed, their duties, training, meetings, and how the board’s staff is organized. The chapter also outlines restrictions to prevent conflicts of interest and provides guidelines for board conduct and compensation.", "questions_answered": [ "How are members of the Texas Medical Board selected and how long do they serve?", "What qualifications must a physician have to sit on the board?", "Can a public member of the board be a health‑care provider or have a spouse who works in health care?", "Are there any restrictions on board members owning stock in medical schools or health‑care companies?", "What training must a new board member complete before voting on board matters?", "How does the board handle conflicts of interest and use of confidential information?", "What are the rules for board meetings, quorum, and public versus executive sessions?", "Can a board member be paid a per diem, and how is that amount determined?", "What roles do the executive director, chief operating officer, and medical director play?", "How does the board ensure equal employment opportunity and evaluate its staff?" ], "issue_tags": [ "board-membership", "medical-licensing", "conflict-of-interest", "board-governance", "training-requirements", "staff-management" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Medical Board", "State Board of Medical Examiners", "Texas Board of Medicine", "Texas medical licensing board" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "153", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 153. POWERS AND DUTIES", "url": "/statutes/OC/153.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/153.json", "summary": "Chapter 153 sets out what the Texas Medical Board can do, including adopting rules, setting fees, handling complaints, maintaining records, and enforcing the law through subpoenas and other powers. It also limits the board’s ability to restrict advertising, waive fees, or set fee schedules, and requires the board to provide information to licensees and use technology for public interaction.", "questions_answered": [ "Can the medical board create its own rules and bylaws?", "What limits does the board have on restricting advertising or competitive bidding?", "How long must physicians keep patient records, especially for forensic exams?", "What rules can the board set for telemedicine services for Medicaid and Medicare patients?", "Is the board allowed to set or waive fees and penalties for medical licenses?", "How does the board handle complaints and what information must be provided to complainants?", "Can the board issue subpoenas and enforce them in court?", "What are the board’s duties for providing information about pain medication prescribing and poison control?", "How does the board collect and use criminal background reports on license holders?", "What technology and public‑input requirements does the board have for rulemaking?", "What are the maximum fees the board can charge for various medical licenses and permits?" ], "issue_tags": [ "powers-and-duties", "rulemaking", "fees", "complaints", "records", "telemedicine", "advertising", "technology" ], "synonyms": [ "Medical Board authority", "Board of Medicine powers", "Texas Physician Board duties", "Occupations Code Chapter 153", "Physician licensing board rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "154", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 154. PUBLIC INTEREST INFORMATION AND COMPLAINT PROCEDURES", "url": "/statutes/OC/154.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/154.json", "summary": "This chapter requires the medical board to share information about doctors and its own activities with the public, including lists of licensees, disciplinary histories, and a consumer guide on billing. It also sets out how complaints against physicians are filed, investigated, and reported, and outlines the creation and updating of detailed physician profiles that the public can access.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I get a list of all licensed physicians in Texas or in my county?", "Where can I find a doctor's disciplinary history or any past complaints against them?", "What information is included in a physician’s public profile?", "How do I file a complaint against a doctor in Texas?", "What steps does the board take to investigate a medical complaint and how long does it take?", "Can I request copies of complaint records or disciplinary orders, and is there a fee?", "What does the board’s consumer guide say about billing, insurance, and my payment responsibilities?", "How does the board notify a physician when a complaint is filed against them?", "Are anonymous complaints accepted, and what information must be provided by an insurance company filing a complaint?", "Can public libraries obtain copies of the board’s public information or physician profiles?" ], "issue_tags": [ "public-information", "physician-complaints", "disciplinary-records", "physician-profiles", "consumer-guide", "complaint-investigation" ], "synonyms": [ "Medical board public info and complaint procedures", "Physician disciplinary and consumer information statutes", "Texas physician public interest and complaint rules", "Board’s public disclosure and complaint handling chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "155", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 155. LICENSE TO PRACTICE MEDICINE", "url": "/statutes/OC/155.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/155.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for who can practice medicine in Texas and how they obtain a license. It outlines the education, exam, background check, and character requirements for full, limited, provisional, temporary, and special licenses, including provisions for foreign graduates, military veterans, and physician graduates. The board also governs the application process, licensing fees, and renewal procedures.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to practice medicine in Texas?", "What education and training do I need to qualify for a Texas medical license?", "How do I apply for a full or limited medical license in Texas?", "Can doctors who graduated from foreign medical schools get a Texas license?", "What are the exam requirements and how many attempts am I allowed?", "How does a provisional or temporary license work for physicians in shortage areas?", "Are there special licensing options for military veterans or doctors serving the armed forces?", "What background checks and criminal record disclosures are required for a medical license?", "How can a physician graduate practice under supervision in Texas?", "What is the process for renewing or replacing a lost medical license?" ], "issue_tags": [ "medical-licensing", "physician-eligibility", "exam-requirements", "foreign-graduates", "provisional-license", "military-veterans", "physician-graduates" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas medical license", "physician licensing", "doctor licensing", "medical practice license", "Texas Board of Medicine licensing", "medical practitioner license" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "156", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 156. REGISTRATION OF PHYSICIANS", "url": "/statutes/OC/156.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/156.json", "summary": "Texas physicians must register with the state medical board every two years, paying a fee and providing personal, practice, and criminal background information. The law also sets requirements for continuing medical education, outlines exemptions for retired or charitable physicians, and details penalties for late renewal or practicing without a current registration permit.", "questions_answered": [ "How often do I need to renew my medical license in Texas?", "What information must I include on my physician registration renewal application?", "Do I have to pay a registration fee if I only provide charitable or disaster relief care?", "What are the penalties if I let my registration permit expire and keep practicing?", "Do I need to submit fingerprints and a criminal background check when renewing my registration?", "What continuing education hours are required for my physician registration?", "Are there exemptions from the registration fee for retired physicians?", "How many CME hours are required for pain management and opioid prescribing?", "Can volunteer work count toward my required continuing education hours?", "What are the late renewal penalty fees and grace periods for registration permits?" ], "issue_tags": [ "physician-registration", "renewal-fees", "continuing-education", "criminal-record-check", "exemptions", "late-renewal-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas physician registration", "medical license renewal Texas", "physician permit renewal", "Board of Medicine registration", "physician CME requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "157", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 157. AUTHORITY OF PHYSICIAN TO DELEGATE CERTAIN MEDICAL ACTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/157.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/157.json", "summary": "Texas law lets doctors assign certain medical tasks to qualified staff, like nurses, physician assistants, advanced practice nurses, and pharmacists, as long as the tasks are safe and the doctor supervises. It sets rules for delegating drug administration, prescribing controlled substances, and emergency care, and outlines the doctor's responsibility and required paperwork.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a physician let a nurse give injections or other drug administrations?", "What medical acts can a doctor delegate to a pharmacist?", "How many advanced practice nurses or physician assistants can a doctor delegate prescribing authority to?", "Can a physician delegate the prescribing of controlled substances, including Schedule II drugs?", "What are the requirements for a prescriptive authority agreement between a doctor and an APRN or PA?", "Is a physician liable if a delegated provider makes a mistake while performing a delegated act?", "Can a doctor delegate emergency medical care to EMTs or other emergency personnel?", "What rules apply when a doctor delegates eye prophylaxis to a midwife for newborns?", "How does a physician delegate drug administration in a hospital or long‑term care facility?", "What documentation must be included on prescriptions written by a delegated pharmacist?" ], "issue_tags": [ "physician-delegation", "prescriptive-authority", "advanced-practice-nurse", "physician-assistant", "pharmacist-delegation", "drug-administration", "liability" ], "synonyms": [ "physician delegation rules", "delegation of medical acts", "prescriptive authority agreements", "delegating authority to APRNs and PAs", "Texas physician delegation statutes", "delegated prescribing authority" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "158", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 158. AUTHORITY OF PHYSICIAN TO PROVIDE CERTAIN DRUGS AND SUPPLIES", "url": "/statutes/OC/158.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/158.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas doctors give patients the medicines and supplies they need directly, including free samples, without having to run a retail pharmacy. It also allows doctors in very small, remote communities to keep and dispense dangerous drugs without a pharmacy license, as long as they follow labeling, record‑keeping, and notification rules.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my doctor give me medication directly without going through a pharmacy?", "Am I allowed to receive a free drug sample from my physician?", "What rules apply when a doctor dispenses drugs in a rural area with no nearby pharmacy?", "Does a physician need a pharmacy license to provide drugs to patients?", "Can a doctor charge me for the cost of a drug they dispense, and how is that calculated?", "What records must a physician keep when giving a drug sample or dispensing medication?", "Are there limits on the types of drugs a physician can give to a patient?", "How does a doctor notify the Texas State Board of Pharmacy about dispensing dangerous drugs?", "Can a physician give me a drug from a manufacturer’s indigent program for free?", "What labeling is required for a drug sample that a doctor provides to a patient?", "What population size defines the rural area where a physician can dispense dangerous drugs?", "What happens if a pharmacy opens near the physician’s office in a previously exempt area?" ], "issue_tags": [ "physician-drug-dispensing", "free-samples", "rural-pharmacy-exemption", "dangerous-drugs", "drug-labeling", "recordkeeping" ], "synonyms": [ "physician drug supply authority", "doctor dispensing rules", "physician provision of medications", "free drug sample provision", "rural dangerous drug dispensing", "physician supply of drugs" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "159", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 159. PHYSICIAN-PATIENT COMMUNICATION", "url": "/statutes/OC/159.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/159.json", "summary": "This chapter protects the privacy of communications and records between a physician and a patient, setting when information can be shared, how written consent must be obtained, and what fees may be charged. It also outlines specific exceptions for court cases, emergencies, research, and certain government or law‑enforcement requests, and includes rules for electronic delivery of sensitive test results.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a doctor share my medical information without my written consent?", "When is a physician allowed to disclose my records in a lawsuit or other legal proceeding?", "What written consent is required for a doctor to release my billing or medical records?", "How long must a doctor wait before sending me a cancer or genetic test result electronically?", "May a physician charge me a fee for copying my medical or billing records?", "What situations let a doctor tell law‑enforcement or other officials about my health without my permission?", "How can I obtain my records if my physician has died or is incapacitated?", "Can a doctor give my records to another doctor who is treating me without my consent?", "What legal remedies do I have if my doctor releases my confidential information without authorization?", "Does a physician have to inform a pregnant patient about Medicaid child‑health benefits?", "Must a doctor tell a patient about the option to donate unused embryos?", "What are the rules for releasing patient information for research or audits?" ], "issue_tags": [ "physician-patient-privacy", "medical-records-access", "consent-requirements", "confidentiality-exceptions", "electronic-disclosure", "record-fees", "malpractice-disclosure" ], "synonyms": [ "doctor-patient confidentiality", "medical record privacy", "physician confidentiality rules", "patient information disclosure", "Texas physician-patient communication law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "160", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 160. REPORT AND CONFIDENTIALITY REQUIREMENTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/160.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/160.json", "summary": "Chapter 160 sets out who must report information about physicians—such as peer review committees, insurers, and courts—and what must be reported. It also defines how those reports are kept confidential, who can see them, and provides immunity for people who report in good faith. The chapter protects reporters from retaliation and limits the use of these reports in lawsuits.", "questions_answered": [ "When does a medical peer review committee have to report a physician’s loss of privileges to the board?", "Who is required to report a physician who poses a continuing threat to public welfare?", "What information must insurers report to the board about lawsuits or settlements involving a physician?", "Are reports made to the board considered evidence in a malpractice lawsuit?", "What confidentiality protections apply to medical peer review records?", "Can a physician be disciplined for reporting a peer review finding?", "What immunity do members of a peer review committee have from civil lawsuits?", "What must a court do when a physician is convicted of a felony or other serious offense?", "How does the board handle reports about physicians impaired by substance abuse or mental illness?", "What are the consequences for an insurer that fails to submit required reports?" ], "issue_tags": [ "medical-peer-review", "reporting-requirements", "confidentiality", "immunity", "physician-licensing", "insurer-reporting", "court-conviction-reporting" ], "synonyms": [ "Medical Peer Review Reporting Requirements", "Physician Reporting and Confidentiality Rules", "Texas Occupations Code Chapter 160", "Report and Confidentiality Requirements for Physicians" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "162", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 162. REGULATION OF PRACTICE OF MEDICINE", "url": "/statutes/OC/162.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/162.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules Texas medical boards use to certify nonprofit health organizations that employ physicians, ensuring doctors keep independent medical judgment and that patient fees are affordable. It also establishes standards for anesthesia in outpatient settings, outlines how physicians can own joint entities, and creates a statewide credential verification system. The chapter requires regular reporting, anti‑retaliation policies, and oversight of private medical schools that retain physician income.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a nonprofit health organization become certified to hire physicians in Texas?", "Can a doctor be required to provide free or reduced‑cost services at a community health center?", "What protections do physicians have to keep their medical judgment independent when working for a health organization?", "What anti‑retaliation rights do doctors have if they file a complaint against a health organization?", "How are complaints against certified health organizations processed and investigated?", "May a physician own a partnership or LLC with an optometrist or physician assistant?", "What rules apply to anesthesia services provided in outpatient clinics or offices?", "How does the state’s physician credentialing and verification program work?", "Do private nonprofit medical schools need board certification to retain a physician’s professional income?", "What reporting requirements must certified health organizations and private medical schools meet?" ], "issue_tags": [ "physician-independence", "health-organization-certification", "anesthesia-outpatient", "credentialing", "joint-ownership", "anti-retaliation", "private-medical-school" ], "synonyms": [ "Regulation of medical practice", "Texas medical board rules", "Health corporation certification", "Physician independence protections", "Outpatient anesthesia standards", "Physician credential verification", "Private medical school employment rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "163", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 163. DISTRICT REVIEW COMMITTEES", "url": "/statutes/OC/163.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/163.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up geographic districts and creates district review committees made up of physicians and public members. It tells how the governor appoints members, what qualifications they need, how long they serve, and what duties and limits they have. The board can change district boundaries, adopt rules for the committees, and retains final authority over complaints and orders.", "questions_answered": [ "How are the medical district boundaries decided and can they be changed?", "Who appoints members to the district review committees and how many members are there?", "What qualifications must a physician or public member have to serve on a committee?", "How long does a committee member serve and what happens if a seat becomes vacant?", "Do committee members get paid or reimbursed for their work?", "What training do committee members need before they can serve?", "What types of matters can a district review committee hear or decide?", "Can a committee issue final orders or rules in a complaint against a licensed doctor?", "Can a committee member take part in informal meetings about medical competency complaints?", "What authority does the board retain over the committees and complaints?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-health-professions", "district-review-committees", "physician-licensing", "board-governance", "committee-appointments", "complaint-review" ], "synonyms": [ "District Review Committee provisions", "Physician committee rules", "Occupations Code Chapter 163", "Texas medical board committees", "Health professions district committees" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "164", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 164. DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS AND PROCEDURES", "url": "/statutes/OC/164.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/164.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out how the Texas Medical Board can discipline physicians, including revoking, suspending, or limiting a medical license, issuing reprimands, and requiring counseling or education. It describes the processes for complaints, informal meetings, formal hearings, remedial plans, probation, and license reinstatement, and outlines the board’s authority to report violations and protect the public. The rules also specify required actions for certain crimes, arrests, and when a physician poses a continuing threat to public safety.", "questions_answered": [ "What actions can the Texas Medical Board take against a doctor who breaks the law?", "When does the board have to suspend or revoke a physician’s license for a felony or other serious offense?", "How does the board handle complaints and what are the steps for informal and formal hearings?", "What is a remedial plan and when can it be used instead of a license suspension?", "Can a physician be placed on probation after a license suspension, and what conditions must be met?", "How does a doctor apply to have a revoked or suspended license reinstated, and what are the eligibility rules?", "What rights does a physician have to counsel and to appeal a disciplinary decision?", "What are the reporting requirements for the board when a physician is disciplined or when a possible crime is discovered?", "How does the board address multiple malpractice claims against a physician?", "What happens if a physician is arrested for certain crimes while still holding a medical license?" ], "issue_tags": [ "physician-discipline", "license-suspension", "medical-board-procedures", "professional-misconduct", "probation", "license-reinstatement", "administrative-hearings" ], "synonyms": [ "Medical Board disciplinary procedures", "Physician licensing enforcement", "Texas Board of Medicine sanctions", "Physician disciplinary actions", "License revocation process", "Board of Medicine disciplinary actions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "165", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 165. PENALTIES", "url": "/statutes/OC/165.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/165.json", "summary": "Chapter 165 sets out how the medical board can punish doctors and other health professionals who break licensing rules. It covers administrative fines up to $5,000, the steps for notice, appeal and collection, as well as civil penalties, criminal misdemeanors and felonies, and the board’s power to issue injunctions or cease‑and‑desist orders. The chapter also explains how penalties can be reduced or refunded after a court review.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the highest administrative fine a medical board can impose for a violation?", "How do I appeal an administrative penalty and do I have to pay it first?", "Can I request a stay of enforcement while I challenge a penalty in court?", "What are the civil penalties the attorney general can seek against a doctor who violates the rules?", "What criminal charges apply if someone practices medicine without a license?", "What penalties apply to a physician who solicits patients or pays for referrals?", "What are the consequences for a doctor who makes a false statement on a license application?", "Can a doctor be charged for performing surgery while intoxicated, and are there any defenses?", "What authority does the board have to issue cease‑and‑desist orders to unlicensed individuals?", "How are administrative penalties collected if the person does not pay them?" ], "issue_tags": [ "administrative-penalties", "civil-penalties", "criminal-penalties", "injunctions", "medical-licensing", "appeals" ], "synonyms": [ "Medical Board Penalties", "Physician Discipline Penalties", "Health Professions Penalty Chapter", "Texas Medical Board Enforcement", "Occupations Code Chapter 165", "Physician Penalty Regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "166", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 166. BILLING OF ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/OC/166.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/166.json", "summary": "This chapter defines which laboratory services count as anatomic pathology, such as tissue exams, cell analyses, bone‑marrow studies, molecular testing, and blood‑banking. It says anyone who bills for these services must either perform or directly supervise them, and must clearly list the provider’s name, address, and the exact charge on the bill. Failing to follow these rules can lead to disciplinary action.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I bill for anatomic pathology services if I didn’t personally perform or supervise them?", "What specific types of lab work are considered anatomic pathology under Texas law?", "What details must be included on a pathology bill for a patient or insurer?", "Do I have to list the pathologist’s name and address on the invoice?", "What amount information must be disclosed to the patient for each pathology service?", "Are there penalties if I omit required disclosures on a pathology bill?", "Can a non‑physician entity bill for pathology services?", "Is a Pap smear considered an anatomic pathology service that requires the same billing rules?", "Do I need to disclose costs for blood‑banking services the same way as other pathology services?", "What disciplinary actions can be taken for improper pathology billing?" ], "issue_tags": [ "billing", "anatomic-pathology", "disclosure-requirements", "medical-billing", "texas-health-law" ], "synonyms": [ "anatomic pathology billing rules", "pathology service billing requirements", "Texas pathology billing regulations", "billing for histopathology and cytopathology", "pathology billing disclosure law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "167", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 167. TEXAS PHYSICIAN HEALTH PROGRAM", "url": "/statutes/OC/167.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/167.json", "summary": "This chapter creates the Texas Physician Health Program, a confidential, non‑disciplinary service that helps doctors and physician assistants with health issues that could affect their ability to practice, such as mental health, substance abuse, or physical illnesses. It sets up a governing board, a medical director, and an advisory committee, outlines how referrals are made, protects participant privacy, and funds the program through a small surcharge on professional licenses.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a physician be required to join the Texas Physician Health Program to keep their license?", "What is the Texas Physician Health Program and who can use it?", "How does confidentiality work for doctors who enter the program?", "Who decides whether a doctor or physician assistant must participate in the program?", "What types of health problems does the program address?", "How can a doctor or physician assistant be referred to the program?", "Can doctors refer themselves to the program?", "What costs does a participant have to pay for treatment and monitoring?", "What is the role of the medical director in the program?", "What happens if a participant is deemed a continuing threat to public safety?", "How is the program funded and what is the surcharge for?", "Can the program receive gifts, grants, or donations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "physician-health", "confidential-therapy", "licensing-referrals", "medical-director", "program-funding", "substance-abuse", "mental-health" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Physician Health Program", "Physician Health and Rehabilitation Advisory Committee", "Physician Wellness Program", "Physician Rehabilitation Program", "Texas Physician Health Initiative", "Physician Health Program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "168", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 168. REGULATION OF PAIN MANAGEMENT CLINICS", "url": "/statutes/OC/168.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/168.json", "summary": "This chapter requires Texas pain management clinics that regularly prescribe opioids or similar drugs to obtain a state certificate and follow specific standards. It outlines who is exempt, how the medical board can inspect and investigate clinics, renewal requirements, and penalties for violations. The rules also set ownership and staffing limits to protect public health.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a state certificate to operate a pain management clinic in Texas?", "What kinds of clinics are exempt from these pain management regulations?", "How often must a pain management clinic renew its certificate and what is the process?", "What are the ownership and on‑site presence requirements for a clinic operator?", "Can a physician who has faced disciplinary action still own or run a pain management clinic?", "What can the Texas medical board inspect or request from a pain management clinic?", "What penalties exist if a clinic violates the rules or fails to renew its certificate?", "Is a clinic’s certificate transferable to a new owner?", "How does the law define a 'pain management clinic'?", "What percentage of patient files must the owner review?", "What grounds can the board use to deny certification of a clinic?", "Are there restrictions on who can be employed or contracted by a pain management clinic?" ], "issue_tags": [ "pain-management-clinics", "licensing", "inspections", "disciplinary-action", "exemptions", "certification", "controlled-substances" ], "synonyms": [ "pain clinic regulation", "opioid clinic licensing", "Texas pain management clinic rules", "pain management clinic certification", "controlled substance clinic oversight" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "169", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 169. AUTHORITY TO PRESCRIBE LOW-THC CANNABIS TO CERTAIN PATIENTS FOR COMPASSIONATE USE", "url": "/statutes/OC/169.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/169.json", "summary": "This chapter gives Texas doctors the authority to prescribe low‑THC cannabis for patients with specific serious medical conditions, such as epilepsy, cancer, chronic pain, and others. It requires doctors to be board‑certified, register each prescription in a state‑maintained compassionate‑use registry, and create a treatment plan that monitors dosage, symptoms, and tolerance. Prescriptions are limited to 90‑day supplies with up to four refills, and special rules apply if the medicine is inhaled as an aerosol or vapor.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a Texas physician prescribe low‑THC cannabis for chronic pain?", "What medical conditions qualify for a low‑THC cannabis prescription in Texas?", "Do doctors need special certification to prescribe low‑THC cannabis?", "How many days of low‑THC cannabis can a patient receive per prescription?", "What information must a doctor enter into the compassionate‑use registry?", "Is it allowed to prescribe low‑THC cannabis for a patient who smokes it?", "Can a physician prescribe low‑THC cannabis to be inhaled as a vapor or aerosol?", "How many refills are permitted for a low‑THC cannabis prescription?", "What monitoring must a doctor do for a patient using low‑THC cannabis?", "Can a doctor request approval for a new medical condition to be treated with low‑THC cannabis?", "Are doctors’ names publicly disclosed when they register a prescription?", "What dosage limits apply to low‑THC cannabis prescriptions?" ], "issue_tags": [ "low-thc-cannabis", "physician-prescription", "compassionate-use", "medical-conditions", "registration", "treatment-plan", "pulmonary-inhalation" ], "synonyms": [ "medical cannabis law", "low‑THC cannabis prescribing rules", "compassionate‑use cannabis statute", "Texas medical marijuana regulations", "physician authority to prescribe cannabis" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "170", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 170. PRESCRIPTION OF OPIOID ANTAGONISTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/170.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/170.json", "summary": "This chapter tells the Texas medical board to create rules for doctors about giving opioid antagonists, such as naloxone, to patients who are also taking opioids or who might overdose. It also says that doctors who act in good faith and follow reasonable care are protected from criminal, civil, or professional penalties whether or not they follow the guidelines.", "questions_answered": [ "When is a doctor required to prescribe an opioid antagonist like naloxone?", "What guidelines must Texas physicians follow when prescribing opioid antagonists?", "Are doctors protected from lawsuits if they give a patient an opioid antagonist?", "Do the guidelines apply to patients who are already on opioid medication?", "How does the medical board develop the prescribing guidelines for opioid antagonists?", "Can a physician be disciplined for not prescribing an opioid antagonist?", "What sources does the board use to create the opioid antagonist guidelines?", "Do the rules cover prescribing naloxone to someone other than the patient, like a family member?", "What does “good faith” mean for a doctor prescribing an opioid antagonist?", "Are there any criminal penalties for a doctor who prescribes an opioid antagonist incorrectly?" ], "issue_tags": [ "opioid-antagonist", "prescribing-guidelines", "physician-liability", "overdose-prevention", "texas-health-law" ], "synonyms": [ "Naloxone prescribing rules", "Opioid overdose antidote regulations", "Texas opioid antagonist statutes", "Guidelines for prescribing opioid antagonists" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "171", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 171. INTERSTATE MEDICAL LICENSURE COMPACT", "url": "/statutes/OC/171.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/171.json", "summary": "This chapter establishes the Interstate Medical Licensure Compact, a system that lets doctors obtain a streamlined, full license to practice in multiple member states. It sets out who can apply, how to designate a principal state, the application and renewal process, fees, and how disciplinary actions are shared among states. The chapter also creates an interstate commission to oversee the compact, make rules, and handle disputes.", "questions_answered": [ "How can a physician get a license to practice medicine in more than one state?", "What is an expedited medical license and how does it differ from a regular state license?", "What qualifications must a doctor meet to be eligible for the compact’s streamlined license?", "How does a doctor choose or change their state of principal license?", "What fees are required to apply for or renew an expedited license through the compact?", "What continuing education or renewal steps are needed to keep a multi‑state license active?", "What happens to a doctor’s licenses in other states if they are disciplined in one member state?", "How do state medical boards share disciplinary or complaint information under the compact?", "Can a state withdraw from the compact, and what are the consequences for doctors?", "How are disputes between member states or boards resolved under the compact?" ], "issue_tags": [ "interstate-licensure", "physician-licensing", "multi-state-practice", "disciplinary-coordination", "compact-governance", "license-renewal", "eligibility-criteria" ], "synonyms": [ "Interstate Medical Licensure Compact", "IMLC", "multi-state medical license", "expedited medical license", "compact licensing system" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "172", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 172. PROVISION OF ELECTIVE INTRAVENOUS THERAPY", "url": "/statutes/OC/172.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/172.json", "summary": "This chapter defines what counts as elective intravenous therapy—treatments like fluids, nutrients, meds, or blood given through a vein for short‑term comfort or wellness that aren’t done in a physician’s office or certain licensed facilities. It lets physicians assign the tasks of prescribing, ordering, and giving these IV treatments to physician assistants, advanced practice registered nurses, or registered nurses, as long as they are properly supervised.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a nurse give elective IV therapy without a doctor present?", "Who is allowed to prescribe elective intravenous therapy in Texas?", "Can a physician assistant order IV fluids for a patient’s comfort?", "What kinds of places are excluded from providing elective IV therapy?", "Do advanced practice nurses need a doctor’s supervision to administer IV therapy?", "Is a registered nurse allowed to give elective IV therapy under a physician’s direction?", "What does “elective intravenous therapy” mean under Texas law?", "Can a physician delegate IV therapy tasks to multiple types of health professionals?", "Are there limits on how many prescriptive authority agreements a physician can have for IV therapy?", "Does this law apply to hospitals run by the state or mental hospitals?" ], "issue_tags": [ "elective-intravenous-therapy", "delegation", "prescribing-authority", "advanced-practice-nurse", "physician-assistant", "registered-nurse" ], "synonyms": [ "elective IV therapy delegation", "intravenous therapy prescribing rules", "Texas elective IV therapy statute", "delegated IV therapy authority", "Texas health professions IV therapy provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "201", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 201. CHIROPRACTORS", "url": "/statutes/OC/201.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/201.json", "summary": "Chapter 201 sets the rules for chiropractic practice in Texas. It defines who can call themselves a chiropractor, outlines the licensing process, the powers of the Texas Board of Chiropractic Examiners, and what activities are allowed or prohibited. The chapter also covers how complaints are handled, disciplinary actions, patient record confidentiality, and continuing‑education requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to practice chiropractic in Texas?", "What can a chiropractor do that a nurse or physical therapist cannot?", "Can a chiropractor prescribe medication or perform surgery?", "How does the Texas Board of Chiropractic Examiners handle complaints against a chiropractor?", "What are the penalties for practicing chiropractic without a license?", "What are the requirements to renew or reactivate a chiropractic license?", "Can a chiropractor be temporarily licensed to teach or practice in another state?", "How are patient records protected and when can they be shared?", "What training or continuing‑education is required for Texas chiropractors?", "Who serves on the Texas Board of Chiropractic Examiners and how are members appointed?" ], "issue_tags": [ "chiropractic-licensing", "board-governance", "scope-of-practice", "disciplinary-procedures", "patient-confidentiality", "continuing-education", "complaint-handling" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Chiropractic Law", "Chapter 201 Chiropractic", "Texas Board of Chiropractic Examiners statutes", "Texas chiropractic regulations", "Texas chiropractic licensing statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "202", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 202. PODIATRISTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/202.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/202.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for who can call themselves a podiatrist in Texas, how they get licensed, and how they must keep their license current. It also creates an advisory board to oversee the profession, outlines disciplinary and complaint procedures, and protects patient information. The law defines penalties for practicing without a license, improper conduct, and certain medical offenses.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I become a licensed podiatrist in Texas?", "What education and exam requirements are needed for a podiatry license?", "Can I practice podiatry without a Texas license?", "What are the penalties for practicing podiatry without a license?", "How do I renew or replace a lost podiatry license?", "What actions can the Texas licensing board take against a podiatrist for misconduct?", "What information is protected under podiatry patient confidentiality?", "When can a podiatrist’s records be disclosed to law enforcement or other agencies?", "What is the role of the Podiatric Medical Examiners Advisory Board?", "How are malpractice claims reported for podiatrists in Texas?", "Can a podiatrist delegate certain medical tasks to an assistant?", "What are the rules for using a trade name or assumed name in a podiatry practice?" ], "issue_tags": [ "podiatry-licensing", "professional-standards", "disciplinary-procedures", "confidentiality", "peer-review", "malpractice-reporting", "license-renewal" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas podiatrist licensing", "foot doctor regulation", "chiropody statutes", "podiatric medical examiners advisory board rules", "podiatry practice statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "203", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 203. MIDWIVES", "url": "/statutes/OC/203.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/203.json", "summary": "The Texas Midwifery Act sets up a licensing system for midwives, defines what midwifery practice includes, and establishes education, testing, and renewal requirements. It creates a Midwives Advisory Board, outlines required disclosures to clients, and lists prohibited practices and disciplinary actions. The chapter also governs newborn screening duties and allows local governments to adopt stricter rules if they meet state standards.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to practice as a midwife in Texas?", "What education and exams are required to become a licensed midwife?", "How often must I renew my midwife license and what continuing education is required?", "What information must I give to a client before they choose my midwifery services?", "What practices are prohibited for Texas midwives?", "Can a midwife collect newborn screening blood samples, and how is that approved?", "What titles or advertising language am I allowed to use as a midwife?", "Who serves on the Midwives Advisory Board and what do they do?", "Can a city or county add stricter rules for midwives, and how does that work?", "What are the penalties or disciplinary actions if a midwife violates the law?", "How are complaints against a midwife handled by the state?", "What newborn screening responsibilities does a midwife have?" ], "issue_tags": [ "midwifery-licensing", "midwife-education", "midwife-standards", "newborn-screening", "midwife-discipline", "informed-consent", "advisory-board" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Midwifery Act", "Chapter 203", "Midwives Act", "Texas midwife regulations", "Midwifery licensing law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "204", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 204. PHYSICIAN ASSISTANTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/204.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/204.json", "summary": "Chapter 204 creates the Texas Physician Assistant Licensing Act, establishing the Physician Assistant Board, its members, and their duties. It sets the requirements for obtaining, renewing, and temporarily holding a physician assistant license, including education, exams, background checks, and continuing education. The chapter also outlines supervision rules, disciplinary processes, penalties, and how complaints are handled.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to work as a physician assistant in Texas?", "How can I apply for a Texas physician assistant license and what qualifications are required?", "What education, certification, and exam requirements must I meet to become a licensed physician assistant?", "What are the rules for supervising physicians and how is continuous supervision provided?", "How do I renew my physician assistant license and what are the fees and timelines?", "What continuing education hours are required for license renewal and are there special topics I must study?", "What disciplinary actions can the board take against a physician assistant and how are complaints investigated?", "Can a physician assistant practice without a license during a disaster or as a volunteer?", "What are the penalties for practicing as a physician assistant without a license or using the title illegally?", "How can a physician assistant board member be removed or replaced?" ], "issue_tags": [ "physician-assistant-licensing", "board-governance", "supervision-requirements", "disciplinary-procedures", "continuing-education", "license-renewal", "volunteer-care", "criminal-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Physician Assistant Licensing Act", "Texas Physician Assistant Board regulations", "PA licensing rules", "Texas PA law", "Physician Assistant practice statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "205", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 205. ACUPUNCTURE", "url": "/statutes/OC/205.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/205.json", "summary": "Chapter 205 sets up the Texas State Board of Acupuncture Examiners, defines who can practice acupuncture, outlines the education, testing, and licensing steps, and establishes rules for referrals, complaints, discipline, and penalties. It also covers board membership, continuing‑education requirements, temporary licenses, and special certifications like acudetox specialists.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to practice acupuncture in Texas?", "What education and exam requirements must I meet to become a licensed acupuncturist?", "How can I apply for a temporary acupuncture license?", "Can I treat patients without a physician or chiropractor referral?", "What are the rules for advertising my acupuncture services?", "How does the board handle complaints against an acupuncturist?", "What disciplinary actions can the board take against a license holder?", "What penalties or fines apply for violating acupuncture regulations?", "How are members of the Texas State Board of Acupuncture Examiners appointed and what are the eligibility rules?", "What continuing education is required to renew an acupuncture license?", "What is an acudetox specialist and how do I become certified?", "How are license renewals and fee calculations handled?" ], "issue_tags": [ "acupuncture-licensing", "board-governance", "disciplinary-procedures", "continuing-education", "complaint-handling", "penalties", "referral-requirements", "acudetox-specialist" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Acupuncture Act", "Chapter 205 Acupuncture", "Acupuncture Regulation", "Texas Acupuncture Board statutes", "Acupuncture licensing law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "206", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 206. SURGICAL ASSISTANTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/206.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/206.json", "summary": "Chapter 206 sets the rules for who can work as a surgical assistant in Texas, how they get licensed, and what they can do on the job. It creates an advisory committee, outlines the medical board’s powers to issue, renew, and discipline licenses, and describes how complaints are handled and penalties imposed. The chapter also defines the required education, experience, and continuing education for surgical assistants and limits their practice to direct supervision by a physician.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to work as a surgical assistant in Texas?", "What education, training, and experience are required to become a licensed surgical assistant?", "How do I apply for a surgical assistant license and what fees are involved?", "Can a surgical assistant practice without a physician present in the operating room?", "What are the rules for renewing or temporarily extending a surgical assistant license?", "What actions can the Texas Medical Board take against a surgical assistant for misconduct?", "How are complaints against surgical assistants investigated and resolved?", "What is the role and composition of the advisory committee for surgical assistants?", "What activities are prohibited for a licensed surgical assistant?", "What penalties can be imposed for violating the surgical assistant regulations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "surgical-assistant-licensing", "medical-board-discipline", "scope-of-practice", "complaint-investigation", "advisory-committee", "license-renewal", "administrative-penalty" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Surgical Assistant Regulations", "Surgical Assistant Licensing Chapter", "Chapter 206 Surgical Assistants", "Texas Medical Board Surgical Assistant Rules", "Surgical Assistant Occupations Code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "251", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 251. GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO PRACTICE OF DENTISTRY", "url": "/statutes/OC/251.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/251.json", "summary": "This chapter defines what activities count as practicing dentistry in Texas and who is allowed to do them. It lists the titles and services that are considered dental practice, outlines who is exempt (like students, faculty, certain physicians, and dental hygienists), and notes that the State Board of Dental Examiners oversees enforcement and will be sunsetted unless reauthorized. It also clarifies that out‑of‑state providers must be licensed if they treat Texas patients, even via electronic means.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a Texas dental license to clean someone's teeth?", "Can a dental hygienist perform dental procedures without a dentist present?", "Is a dentist who works in a hospital still subject to the Dental Practice Act?", "Can a physician who extracts a tooth be considered practicing dentistry?", "Do dental students need a license to treat patients in a school clinic?", "Can a dentist from another state treat a patient in Texas via telehealth?", "What titles are prohibited for non‑dentists to use in Texas?", "Are dental lab technicians who only work on models exempt from the practice of dentistry?", "Can a dental assistant make or repair dentures without a dentist’s prescription?", "What activities are allowed for a retired dentist who is attending a continuing‑education program?", "Does a church member who offers prayer‑based healing need a dental license?", "When does the State Board of Dental Examiners cease to exist if not reauthorized?" ], "issue_tags": [ "dental-practice", "licensing", "exemptions", "tele-dentistry", "board-regulation", "dental-education" ], "synonyms": [ "Dental Practice Act", "Texas Dental Practice Act", "Chapter 251", "Texas dental law", "Dental practice regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "252", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 252. STATE BOARD OF DENTAL EXAMINERS", "url": "/statutes/OC/252.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/252.json", "summary": "The Texas State Board of Dental Examiners is an 11‑member panel that oversees dental and dental‑hygiene licensing. It sets who can serve, how long they serve, what training they must complete, and how they are compensated. The chapter also defines conflicts of interest, grounds for removal, and meeting requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "How are members of the Texas State Board of Dental Examiners appointed?", "What experience and qualifications does a dentist need to serve on the board?", "Can a dental hygienist be appointed as a public member of the board?", "What are the term lengths and limits for board members?", "What conflicts of interest disqualify someone from serving on the board?", "What training must a new board member finish before they can vote?", "Do board members receive a per‑diem or travel reimbursement?", "How often does the board have to meet and where?", "What reasons can lead to a board member’s removal?", "Can a board member also work for a health‑care trade association?", "What are the eligibility rules for public members of the board?", "Who must take an oath of office before serving on the board?" ], "issue_tags": [ "dental-board", "board-membership", "eligibility", "term-limits", "conflicts-of-interest", "training-requirements", "board-removal" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas State Board of Dental Examiners", "Dental licensing board", "Board of Dental Examiners", "Dental examiners board", "Dental board statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "253", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 253. EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR AND PERSONNEL", "url": "/statutes/OC/253.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/253.json", "summary": "This chapter lets the dental board hire an executive director and other staff, sets who decides the director's salary, and outlines how the board can add assistants, committees, and other personnel. It requires the board to create policies defining staff duties, provide information on qualifications and conduct, and set up career‑ladder and performance‑evaluation systems. The chapter also mandates an equal‑opportunity policy, annual reviews, and reporting to the governor.", "questions_answered": [ "Can the dental board hire an executive director and set their salary?", "Is the board allowed to employ an assistant executive director when needed?", "What types of staff can the board hire to help with its duties?", "Who decides the responsibilities of board staff and the executive director?", "What information must the board give to employees about qualifications and conduct?", "How does the board create a career ladder and post non‑entry level jobs?", "How are annual performance evaluations and merit pay determined for board employees?", "What equal‑opportunity policies does the board need to have in place?", "How often must the equal‑opportunity policy be updated and reviewed?", "Who reviews the board’s equal‑opportunity policy for compliance?", "What report does the governor have to deliver about the board’s workforce?", "Can the board employ consultants, dentists, or hygienists to assist with enforcement of dental practice laws?" ], "issue_tags": [ "executive-director", "board-personnel", "equal-employment-opportunity", "career-ladder", "performance-evaluations", "staffing-policies", "dental-board" ], "synonyms": [ "Dental Board staffing rules", "Executive director employment provisions", "Board personnel policies", "Dentistry board staff guidelines", "Occupations Code Chapter 253" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "254", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 254. BOARD POWERS AND DUTIES", "url": "/statutes/OC/254.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/254.json", "summary": "Chapter 254 gives the Texas Dental Board the power to create and enforce rules that protect public health and safety in dentistry. It covers everything from licensing fees and record keeping to advertising limits, infection control, call coverage agreements, and monitoring of dentists. The chapter also sets confidentiality rules, civil liability protections for board members, and requirements for cooperation with other agencies.", "questions_answered": [ "What types of rules can the Texas Dental Board adopt for dentists?", "Can the board limit how dentists advertise their services?", "What fees does the board charge for dental licenses and renewals?", "Are board investigation files public or confidential?", "What rules apply to contracts between dentists and management service organizations?", "How does the board handle infection control and call coverage agreements?", "What protections do board members have from civil lawsuits?", "How does the board monitor dentists for compliance and risk to the public?", "What information must dentists provide to the board each year?", "Can the board work with prosecutors or other agencies on dental practice violations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "dental-board-authority", "licensing-fees", "advertising-restrictions", "infection-control", "confidential-records", "monitoring-compliance", "civil-liability-protection" ], "synonyms": [ "Dental Board Powers and Duties", "Texas Dental Board authority", "Occupations Code Chapter 254", "Dentistry board rulemaking", "Dental practice regulation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "255", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 255. PUBLIC INTEREST INFORMATION AND COMPLAINT PROCEDURES", "url": "/statutes/OC/255.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/255.json", "summary": "This chapter tells the public how the dental board shares information about its role and how to file complaints against dentists. It sets out the steps for receiving, investigating, and resolving complaints, including timelines, record‑keeping, and notifications. The board must use expert panels to review professional‑competency issues and keep the process open to public participation.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I file a complaint against a dentist or dental hygienist in Texas?", "What contact information must be provided on dental forms so I can report a problem?", "Can I file an anonymous complaint about a dentist?", "What details does the board need to include in a complaint file?", "How long does the board have to investigate my complaint?", "Will I be notified about the status of the investigation and the final outcome?", "What is the role of expert panels in reviewing a dental complaint?", "How does the board keep records of complaints and make them available?", "What public information does the dental board provide about its complaint process?", "How can I participate or speak at a board meeting about a complaint?", "What happens if a complaint is dismissed or the board takes no action?" ], "issue_tags": [ "public-information", "complaint-procedure", "dental-board", "investigation-timelines", "expert-review", "consumer-protection" ], "synonyms": [ "Dental board complaint process", "Texas dental board consumer complaints", "Public interest info for dentistry", "Dentist disciplinary procedures", "Dental professional complaint rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "256", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 256. LICENSING OF DENTISTS AND DENTAL HYGIENISTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/256.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/256.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for who can practice dentistry and dental hygiene in Texas. It describes the education, exam, and application steps needed for a license, as well as special provisions for out‑of‑state, provisional, temporary, retired, and alternative training licenses. It also covers requirements for displaying a license, getting duplicates, and notifying the board of changes.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to practice dentistry or dental hygiene in Texas?", "What education and age requirements must I meet to become a licensed dentist?", "What education and age requirements must I meet to become a licensed dental hygienist?", "How do I apply for a dental or dental‑hygiene license and what fees are required?", "What subjects are covered on the dental and dental‑hygiene licensing exams?", "Can I get a license if I’m already licensed in another state?", "What is a provisional or temporary license and when can I use one?", "How does an alternative dental‑hygiene training program work and what are its requirements?", "How can I place my dental license on retired status or reactivate it later?", "What must I display in my office as a licensed dentist or hygienist?", "How do I obtain a duplicate license if my original is lost or destroyed?", "When and how must I notify the board of changes to my address or employment?" ], "issue_tags": [ "dentist-licensing", "dental-hygienist-licensing", "licensing-exams", "out-of-state-license", "provisional-license", "temporary-license", "retired-status", "alternative-training" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Dental License Act", "Dental Practice Licensing Chapter", "Dental Hygiene Licensing Rules", "Board of Dentistry licensing regulations", "Dentist and Dental Hygienist Licensing" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "257", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 257. LICENSE RENEWAL", "url": "/statutes/OC/257.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/257.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas dentists and dental hygienists how long their licenses last, how to renew them, and what fees apply. It explains what happens if a license isn’t renewed on time, including extra charges, possible suspension, and when a new license must be obtained. The rules also require proof of CPR training and set mandatory continuing‑education hours, especially on safe opioid prescribing. Special provisions exist for military members, out‑of‑state practitioners, and retirees providing charity care.", "questions_answered": [ "How long does a dental license stay valid in Texas?", "What do I need to do to renew my dentist or dental hygienist license?", "What extra fee do I pay if my license has been expired for a short time?", "Can I renew my license after it’s been expired for more than a year?", "What happens if I don’t renew my dental license by the deadline?", "Do I have to submit CPR certification when I renew my dental license?", "What continuing‑education courses are required for dentists and dental hygienists?", "Will the board send me a reminder before my license expires?", "Are active‑duty military dentists exempt from renewal fees or penalties?", "Can I get a new license without taking the exam if I’ve been practicing in another state?", "What are the penalties for practicing without a current license?", "Can I place my license on retired status to keep it while only doing charity work?" ], "issue_tags": [ "dental-license-renewal", "license-expiration", "renewal-fees", "license-suspension", "cpr-requirements", "continuing-education", "out-of-state-reinstatement" ], "synonyms": [ "Dental license renewal rules", "Texas dental practitioner license renewal", "Dentist license expiration guidelines", "Dental hygienist renewal requirements", "Occupations Code Chapter 257" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "258", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 258. PRACTICE BY DENTIST", "url": "/statutes/OC/258.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/258.json", "summary": "Chapter 258 sets the rules for how Texas dentists can delegate dental tasks, keep and protect patient records, and use anesthesia. It defines what procedures can be given to assistants, hygienists, or other providers, requires permits and training for anesthesia, and establishes confidentiality privileges and record‑access requirements. The chapter also outlines the dentist’s responsibility for delegated work, limits on drug use, X‑ray supervision, and creates an advisory committee to monitor anesthesia safety.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a dentist let a dental hygienist give a local anesthetic?", "What dental procedures can a dentist delegate to a dental assistant or hygienist?", "Who owns my dental records and can they be sold or transferred?", "How do I request a copy of my dental records and how long will it take?", "When does a dentist need a special permit to administer anesthesia?", "What training and testing are required for a dentist to give deep sedation or general anesthesia?", "Can a dentist prescribe or dispense narcotic or controlled substances?", "What privacy protections apply to my dental records and communications with my dentist?", "May a parent stay in the treatment room while their child receives dental care?", "What are the rules for a dental assistant to take X‑rays?", "What happens if a dentist refuses to release my records?", "How does the state monitor anesthesia‑related incidents in dental practices?" ], "issue_tags": [ "dental-delegation", "dental-records", "dental-privilege", "anesthesia-permits", "dental-anesthesia", "dental-assistants", "privacy-protections" ], "synonyms": [ "Dentist practice regulations", "Dental delegation rules", "Dental record confidentiality", "Texas dental anesthesia statutes", "Dentist record ownership", "Dental privilege statutes", "Dental assistant delegation guidelines", "Anesthesia permit requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "259", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 259. PROHIBITED OR RESTRICTED COMMERCIAL OR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES", "url": "/statutes/OC/259.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/259.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for dentists in Texas about honesty, advertising, and professional behavior. It requires dentists to be truthful with patients, to post their credentials, and to include the treating dentist's name in any trade‑name advertising. It also bans false or misleading ads, unlicensed practice, and other unprofessional conduct, and outlines reporting and penalty procedures.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a dentist make false or misleading statements to a patient?", "What qualifications must a dental office display at its entrance?", "Do dental ads have to show the name of the treating dentist?", "What advertising practices are prohibited for dentists in Texas?", "Can an out‑of‑state dentist advertise dental services in Texas without disclosing they aren't licensed here?", "What information must a dentist provide to the board when working under a contract that influences billing or payment?", "Is it allowed for a dentist to claim that dental work will be pain‑free or guarantee future satisfaction?", "Can a dentist employ or allow an unlicensed person to perform dental services?", "What are the rules for using a corporate or trade name in a dental practice?", "What penalties apply for the first violation of advertising restrictions?", "Are dentists responsible for the actions of other dentists they supervise, even if those dentists don’t own the practice?", "What constitutes unprofessional conduct for a dentist under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "dentistry-advertising", "professional-conduct", "disclosure-requirements", "false-statements", "trade-name", "out-of-state-advertising", "contract-reporting" ], "synonyms": [ "Dental advertising regulations", "Dentist professional conduct rules", "Dentistry false statement prohibition", "Dental office disclosure requirements", "Dental trade name rules", "Dental advertising restrictions", "Dentist unprofessional conduct statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "260", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 260. OPERATION OF CERTAIN DENTAL PRACTICES", "url": "/statutes/OC/260.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/260.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for who can employ a licensed dentist in Texas. It allows estate administrators, nonprofit health organizations, groups serving underserved patients, and government agencies to hire dentists, but requires board approval and may limit fees to free or reduced rates. The law also lets a dentist work for an estate or an incompetent dentist’s representative while the practice is being closed or transferred.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I hire a dentist to run a deceased dentist's practice?", "Am I allowed to employ a dentist while the original dentist is declared mentally incompetent?", "What requirements must a nonprofit health organization meet to employ a dentist?", "Do dentists working for nonprofit clinics have to charge reduced fees or provide services for free?", "Can a dental clinic that serves homeless or migrant populations hire a licensed dentist?", "Are there special rules for dentists who work with organizations that treat HIV/AIDS patients?", "May a government agency contract with a dentist to provide dental services?", "What does the state board need to approve before a nonprofit can employ a dentist?", "Can a dentist be employed by a federally qualified health center?", "What happens if a nonprofit tries to bypass the rules for hiring a dentist?" ], "issue_tags": [ "dentist-employment", "nonprofit-dental-services", "estate-dentist", "underserved-populations", "government-dental-contracts" ], "synonyms": [ "Dental practice operation rules", "Dentist employment regulations", "Texas dental hiring statutes", "Dentist staffing guidelines", "Dental practice estate provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "261", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 261. CONFIDENTIALITY AND IMMUNITY OF DENTAL PEER REVIEW COMMITTEE", "url": "/statutes/OC/261.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/261.json", "summary": "This chapter makes dental peer review committee meetings and records private, limiting who can see them and when they can be shared. It also shields the committee and its members from most lawsuits unless there is fraud or malice, and lets them recover costs if sued frivolously. The law tells how information can be disclosed to certain agencies and how board subpoenas are handled without losing privilege.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a dental peer review committee keep its proceedings and records confidential?", "When is a dental peer review committee allowed to share its information with others?", "Do dentists have to receive copies of the committee’s recommendations and final decisions?", "Can a dentist sue a dental peer review committee for damages?", "Are members and staff of a dental peer review committee protected from lawsuits?", "What happens if a court needs peer review records for an antitrust or civil‑rights case?", "Does complying with a board subpoena waive the committee’s confidentiality privilege?", "Can someone be sued for reporting information to a dental peer review committee in good faith?", "What can a committee do if it is sued with a frivolous or bad‑faith claim?", "Are peer review communications admissible as evidence in civil or administrative proceedings?", "Who is allowed to receive disclosures from a dental peer review committee?", "What are the consequences for not obeying a board subpoena related to peer review?" ], "issue_tags": [ "confidentiality", "dental-peer-review", "immunity", "privilege", "disclosure", "civil-liability" ], "synonyms": [ "Dental peer review confidentiality law", "Dental peer review immunity provisions", "Texas dental peer review statutes", "Dental peer review privilege rules", "Dental peer review confidentiality and immunity chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "262", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 262. REGULATION OF DENTAL HYGIENISTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/262.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/262.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for what Texas dental hygienists may do, how they must be supervised by a licensed dentist, and where they can provide services. It defines the duties a dentist can delegate, outlines the board’s authority to regulate the profession, and lists prohibited practices and liability protections.", "questions_answered": [ "What services is a dental hygienist allowed to perform in Texas?", "Can a dental hygienist work without a dentist physically present?", "What tasks can a dentist delegate to a dental hygienist?", "Are dental hygienists permitted to take X‑rays or give local anesthesia?", "Can a dental hygienist practice in a nursing home, school, or community health center?", "How long can a dental hygienist treat a patient without a recent dentist exam?", "What are the rules for a dental hygienist’s name on their license?", "Is a dental hygienist liable if they provide emergency care like CPR?", "What authority does the Texas dental board have over dental hygienists?", "Can a dentist employ multiple dental hygienists and set limits on that number?", "What settings are considered “alternate” for a dental hygienist’s practice?", "What actions are prohibited for dental hygienists under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "dental-hygiene", "delegation", "supervision", "scope-of-practice", "licensing", "alternate-settings", "liability" ], "synonyms": [ "Dental hygienist regulation", "Texas dental hygiene statutes", "Dental hygiene practice rules", "Dental hygienist licensing rules", "Dental hygiene delegation rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "263", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 263. LICENSE DENIAL AND DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS", "url": "/statutes/OC/263.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/263.json", "summary": "This chapter tells the Texas dental board when it can refuse to give a dental license, how it can discipline dentists and hygienists, and what procedures must be followed for hearings, temporary suspensions, probation, and appeals. It also covers requirements for mental or physical evaluations, informal settlement conferences, remedial plans, and the board’s power to issue subpoenas.", "questions_answered": [ "Can the dental board refuse to issue me a license because of past criminal convictions?", "What actions can lead to my dental license being suspended or revoked?", "How does the board handle complaints about a dentist practicing while intoxicated or using drugs?", "What is the process if the board wants me to undergo a mental or physical evaluation?", "How can I challenge a disciplinary action or license denial through a hearing or appeal?", "When can the board temporarily suspend my license without a prior hearing?", "What are the steps and requirements for an informal settlement conference with the board?", "What is a remedial plan and when can the board use it instead of suspension or revocation?", "Can a dentist be reinstated after a drug‑related conviction, and what must be proven?", "What authority does the board have to issue subpoenas and compel evidence in a dental complaint?" ], "issue_tags": [ "dental-licensing", "disciplinary-proceedings", "license-suspension", "mental-health-evaluation", "informal-settlement", "remedial-plan", "board-appeals" ], "synonyms": [ "Dental board disciplinary rules", "Dentist license denial and discipline", "Texas dental licensing enforcement", "Dental practice disciplinary code", "Dental board conduct regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "264", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 264. PENALTIES AND ENFORCEMENT PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/OC/264.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/264.json", "summary": "Chapter 264 tells the Texas dental board how to punish dentists and other regulated professionals who break the rules. It explains the steps for issuing notices, holding hearings, appealing decisions, and collecting administrative, civil, and criminal penalties, as well as how injunctions and cease‑and‑desist orders work.", "questions_answered": [ "What can happen if a dentist violates a state rule or order?", "How much can an administrative penalty be for a dental violation?", "How will I be notified if a penalty is being imposed on me?", "What are my options if I want to contest a penalty or the finding of a violation?", "What is the process for requesting and attending a hearing before the board?", "After the board makes a decision, how can I pay the penalty, appeal, or stay enforcement?", "How does the state collect civil penalties if I don’t pay them?", "What criminal charges can a dentist face for practicing without a license or ignoring an injunction?", "What is a cease‑and‑desist order and how can I challenge it?", "What is an emergency cease‑and‑desist order and when is it used?", "Can a court reduce or eliminate a penalty, and will I get interest back if it does?", "What is the difference between administrative, civil, and criminal penalties under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "administrative-penalty", "hearing-process", "civil-penalty", "criminal-penalty", "cease-and-desist", "dental-board-enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "Dental board penalty rules", "Texas dentistry enforcement provisions", "Occupations Code Chapter 264", "Dentist disciplinary penalties", "Dental practice violation penalties" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "265", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 265. REGULATION OF DENTAL ASSISTANTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/265.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/265.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for dental assistants in Texas. It requires registration for certain tasks like taking x‑rays or monitoring nitrous oxide, defines the education and exam needed, and outlines how dentists must supervise assistants. It also covers registration fees, renewal periods, and continuing‑education requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need to be registered to take dental x‑rays in Texas?", "Can a dental assistant work without a registration?", "What education and exam are required to become a registered dental assistant?", "How often must a dental assistant renew their registration?", "What fees are charged for dental assistant registration and renewal?", "What level of dentist supervision is required for a dental assistant performing procedures?", "Can a dental assistant provide interim treatment for a minor dental emergency?", "What continuing‑education hours are needed to keep my dental assistant registration active?", "Can a newly hired dental assistant take x‑rays before being registered?", "What are the eligibility requirements (e.g., diploma, coursework) for dental assistant registration?", "What duties are allowed for an unregistered dental assistant?", "Who is responsible if a dental assistant makes a mistake while performing a delegated task?" ], "issue_tags": [ "dental-assistant-registration", "dental-xray-permission", "supervision-requirements", "continuing-education", "dental-emergency-treatment", "registration-fees" ], "synonyms": [ "Dental Assistant Regulation", "Texas Dental Assistant Rules", "Dental Assistant Registration Requirements", "Dental Assistant Supervision Standards", "Dental Assistant Licensing" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "266", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 266. REGULATION OF DENTAL LABORATORIES", "url": "/statutes/OC/266.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/266.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for dental laboratories in Texas. It requires labs to be registered, mandates that at least one certified dental technician be on staff, and outlines how dentists must prescribe lab work. The law also lists exemptions, renewal procedures, record‑keeping duties, and penalties for non‑compliance.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a registration certificate to operate a dental laboratory in Texas?", "What exemptions apply if a dentist runs a dental lab on the same premises as their practice?", "How often must a dental laboratory renew its registration and what are the renewal fees?", "What certification or continuing education is required for dental technicians working in a lab?", "What prescription documentation must a dentist provide to a dental laboratory?", "What records does a dental laboratory have to keep for each prescription or work order?", "Can a dental laboratory ship prosthetic appliances using the U.S. mail or other carriers?", "What are the criminal and civil penalties for operating an unregistered dental laboratory?", "Is a certified dental technician required if the lab is owned by a licensed dentist?", "How does Texas regulate dental laboratory work that is performed out of state or abroad?", "What fees are required to obtain an initial registration certificate for a dental lab?", "What is the process to apply for a dental laboratory registration in Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "dental-laboratory-regulation", "registration", "certification", "prescription-requirements", "penalties", "exemptions" ], "synonyms": [ "Dental lab regulation", "Dental laboratory registration", "Texas dental lab law", "Dental technician certification", "Dental prosthetic appliance rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "267", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 267. LICENSING OF FACULTY MEMBERS OF DENTAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE SCHOOLS", "url": "/statutes/OC/267.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/267.json", "summary": "This chapter says anyone who teaches at a dental or dental‑hygiene school must have a special faculty license. It lists who is exempt, what education, employment, endorsement, fee and exam steps are needed, and requires yearly renewal. The license ends when the person leaves the school and does not allow the holder to practice dentistry or dental hygiene.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to work as a faculty member at a dental school?", "Can a licensed dentist teach at a dental school without getting a faculty license?", "What qualifications are required to obtain a dental school faculty member license?", "How soon must I apply for the faculty license after I start my teaching job?", "Do I have to retake the exam if I move to a different dental school?", "How often must I renew my dental school faculty license?", "Does a faculty license let me treat patients while I teach?", "What fees are required to get a dental or dental‑hygiene faculty license?", "Are there exemptions for people already licensed to practice dentistry or dental hygiene?", "What documents do I need to submit with my faculty license application?", "Can I work as a faculty member if I have no direct patient contact?", "What happens to my faculty license if I leave my school employment?" ], "issue_tags": [ "faculty-licensing", "dental-education", "license-renewal", "exemptions", "jurisprudence-exam", "employment-termination" ], "synonyms": [ "dental school faculty license", "dental hygiene faculty license", "faculty member licensing for dental schools", "dental education faculty permit", "faculty licensing for dental hygiene programs" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "301", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 301. NURSES", "url": "/statutes/OC/301.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/301.json", "summary": "The Nursing Practice Act sets the rules for who can work as a registered or vocational nurse in Texas, how they get and keep their licenses, and what the Texas Board of Nursing does. It defines nursing practice, outlines education and exam requirements, and describes how the board handles complaints, investigations, discipline, and appeals. The chapter also covers reporting duties, continuing education, and special rules for anesthesia in outpatient settings.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I become a licensed registered nurse in Texas?", "What education programs are approved for nursing licensure?", "How can I renew or reactivate my nursing license after it expires?", "What are the reporting requirements if I suspect a nurse is impaired or has committed misconduct?", "What disciplinary actions can the Texas Board of Nursing take against a nurse?", "How does the Board handle complaints and investigations of nursing practice?", "What are the rules for advanced practice registered nurses and nurse practitioners?", "Can a nurse work in an outpatient anesthesia setting and what are the requirements?", "What is the process for appealing a disciplinary decision or administrative penalty?", "What fees are required for nursing license applications, renewals, and examinations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "nursing-licensing", "board-governance", "disciplinary-procedures", "reporting-requirements", "continuing-education", "advanced-practice-nursing", "outpatient-anesthesia" ], "synonyms": [ "Nursing Practice Act", "Texas Board of Nursing regulations", "Texas nursing law", "Nurse licensure statutes", "Texas Occupations Code Chapter 301" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "303", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 303. NURSING PEER REVIEW", "url": "/statutes/OC/303.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/303.json", "summary": "This chapter requires certain health care employers to set up nursing peer review committees to evaluate nursing care, qualifications, and complaints. It outlines who must be on the committees, protects the confidentiality of the review process, and gives nurses the right to request a review without fear of retaliation. The chapter also details how findings are shared, how nurses can rebut adverse decisions, and the limited circumstances where information can be disclosed.", "questions_answered": [ "When does a hospital or health care agency have to create a nursing peer review committee?", "What types of nurses must be included on a nursing peer review committee?", "How can a nurse request a peer review if they believe they are being asked to do something unsafe?", "Can an employer punish a nurse for asking for a peer review or for refusing to follow a questionable order?", "What due‑process rights does a nurse have during a peer review, such as notice and a chance to rebut findings?", "Is the information discussed in a nursing peer review confidential, and who can it be shared with?", "Can two different employers or agencies review the same nurse at the same time?", "What is the difference between a nursing peer review committee and a patient safety committee?", "Can a nurse’s peer review findings be used in a civil lawsuit or disciplinary action?", "What protections exist against retaliation for participating in a peer review?", "How are adverse findings communicated to the nurse and to other agencies?", "Can a nursing peer review committee share its information with licensing boards or law‑enforcement agencies?" ], "issue_tags": [ "nursing-peer-review", "nurse-rights", "confidentiality", "committee-membership", "employer-requirements", "retaliation-protection", "peer-review-process" ], "synonyms": [ "Nursing Peer Review", "Nursing Peer Review Committee", "Nurse Peer Review Process", "Texas Nursing Peer Review", "Nursing Quality Review", "Nursing Evaluation Committee" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "304", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 304. NURSE LICENSURE COMPACT", "url": "/statutes/OC/304.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/304.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up Texas's participation in the Nurse Licensure Compact, a partnership that lets nurses practice across member states using a single multistate license. It defines how licenses are issued, how disciplinary actions and background checks are shared, and creates a commission to manage the system. The rules also explain how nurses must follow the practice laws of the state where the patient is located and how information about nurses is exchanged among states.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I work as a registered nurse in another compact state without getting a new Texas license?", "What is a multistate nursing license and how does it differ from a single‑state license?", "What requirements must I meet to obtain or keep a multistate license?", "How does Texas handle disciplinary actions against a nurse who is licensed in another compact state?", "Will my criminal background check be shared with other states if I apply for a multistate license?", "What happens to my multistate license if I move my primary residence to a different compact state?", "How does the coordinated licensure information system protect my personal data?", "Who is responsible for enforcing the compact’s rules in Texas?", "Can a nurse who lives outside the compact still apply for a Texas license, and what can they do with it?", "What is the Interstate Commission of Nurse Licensure Compact Administrators and what does it do?" ], "issue_tags": [ "nurse-licensure", "multistate-practice", "compact-administration", "disciplinary-action", "information-sharing", "licensing-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "Nurse Licensure Compact", "NLC", "interstate nursing agreement", "multistate nursing license", "compact nursing license" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "351", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 351. OPTOMETRISTS AND THERAPEUTIC OPTOMETRISTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/351.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/351.json", "summary": "The Texas Optometry Act sets the rules for who can practice optometry and therapeutic optometry, how they get licensed, and what they can do in their practice. It creates the Texas Optometry Board to oversee licensing, enforce standards, handle complaints, and impose penalties. The chapter also covers continuing education, advertising rules, and special licenses like provisional or military volunteer licenses.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I become a licensed optometrist or therapeutic optometrist in Texas?", "What are the differences between an optometrist and a therapeutic optometrist?", "Can an optometrist prescribe or administer eye medications?", "What are the rules for advertising eye care services and eyeglass prices?", "How does the Texas Optometry Board handle complaints against optometrists?", "What penalties apply for practicing optometry without a license?", "What continuing education is required to keep my optometry license current?", "Can I work in a retail store or a mercantile establishment as an optometrist?", "What is a provisional license and how can I obtain one?", "What are the requirements for renewing or reinstating an optometry license?", "Can an optometrist dispense contact lenses without a prescription?", "Who serves on the Texas Optometry Board and how are members selected?" ], "issue_tags": [ "optometry-licensing", "therapeutic-optometry", "board-governance", "complaint-handling", "disciplinary-actions", "advertising-rules", "continuing-education" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Optometry Act", "Chapter 351", "Optometrist licensing law", "Therapeutic optometry regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "353", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 353. CONTACT LENS PRESCRIPTION ACT", "url": "/statutes/OC/353.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/353.json", "summary": "The Contact Lens Prescription Act sets rules for how contact lens prescriptions are written, verified, and filled in Texas. It requires a written prescription with specific information, limits who can dispense lenses, outlines verification procedures, and prohibits certain fees and liability waivers. The law also covers emergency refills, prescription extensions, and enforcement penalties.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a pharmacy or retailer sell contact lenses without a prescription?", "What details must be included on a Texas contact lens prescription?", "How does a contact lens dispenser verify a prescription with a doctor?", "Can a doctor charge extra fees to issue or verify a contact lens prescription?", "What is the minimum length a contact lens prescription must be valid?", "How can a patient get an emergency refill of contact lenses?", "Can a doctor refuse to give a patient their contact lens prescription, and why?", "Is it allowed to change the number of lenses dispensed from a prescription?", "What penalties apply if someone violates the Contact Lens Prescription Act?", "Who enforces the contact lens prescription rules for physicians and optometrists?" ], "issue_tags": [ "contact-lens-prescription", "prescription-verification", "dispensing-restrictions", "emergency-refill", "prescription-extension", "liability", "enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "Contact Lens Prescription Act", "Texas contact lens law", "CLPA", "Contact lens dispensing regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "401", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 401. SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGISTS AND AUDIOLOGISTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/401.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/401.json", "summary": "Chapter 401 sets the rules for who can practice as a speech‑language pathologist or audiologist in Texas. It defines the professions, outlines education and exam requirements, licensing, renewal, and disciplinary procedures, and explains who is exempt, such as physicians, nurses, and certain trainees. The chapter also creates an advisory board, governs hearing‑instrument sales, and provides consumer protection measures.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to work as a speech‑language pathologist in Texas?", "What education and clinical experience are required to become a licensed audiologist in Texas?", "Can a physician or nurse perform speech or hearing tests without a speech‑language pathology or audiology license?", "Are university professors allowed to teach speech‑language pathology without being licensed?", "What are the rules for selling or fitting hearing instruments to minors?", "How often must a Texas speech‑language pathologist or audiologist renew their license?", "What is the role and composition of the Speech‑Language Pathologists and Audiologists Advisory Board?", "Can someone who only sells over‑the‑counter hearing aids practice without a license?", "What penalties apply for practicing speech‑language pathology or audiology without a license?", "What are the requirements and limits for licensed assistants in speech‑language pathology or audiology?", "How can I file a complaint against a speech‑language pathologist or audiologist in Texas?", "Are there exemptions for trainees, students, or workers in hearing conservation programs?" ], "issue_tags": [ "licensing-requirements", "scope-of-practice", "advisory-board", "hearing-aid-sales", "disciplinary-procedures", "education-criteria", "exemptions" ], "synonyms": [ "Chapter 401", "Texas speech‑language pathology and audiology statutes", "Speech‑Language Pathologists and Audiologists licensing", "Texas SLP and audiology regulations", "SLP and audiology licensing rules", "Texas health professions speech‑language pathology" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "402", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 402. HEARING INSTRUMENT FITTERS AND DISPENSERS", "url": "/statutes/OC/402.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/402.json", "summary": "Chapter 402 sets the rules for who can fit and sell hearing instruments in Texas, how they become licensed, and what training they must complete. It also outlines consumer protections like trial periods, contract requirements, and record access, and it defines prohibited practices and disciplinary actions. The chapter creates an advisory board, establishes bonding requirements for businesses, and specifies how over‑the‑counter hearing aids are treated.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to fit and dispense hearing instruments in Texas?", "Can I sell over‑the‑counter hearing aids without a license?", "What education, exam, and training are required to become a licensed hearing instrument fitter?", "How long does a temporary training permit last and what are its supervision rules?", "What consumer rights do I have if I want to return a hearing aid within the 30‑day trial period?", "Can a minor purchase a hearing aid, and what documentation is required?", "What must be included in the written contract when a hearing instrument is sold?", "What are the penalties for false or misleading advertising by a hearing aid dispenser?", "How do I renew my hearing instrument fitter license and what continuing‑education credits are needed?", "What bonding or surety requirements apply to a hearing instrument fitting business?", "What actions can lead to suspension, revocation, or disciplinary action for a hearing instrument dispenser?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hearing-aid-licensing", "training-permits", "consumer-protection", "advertising-rules", "license-renewal", "over-the-counter", "disciplinary-actions" ], "synonyms": [ "hearing instrument fitters and dispensers", "hearing aid fitters", "hearing aid dispensers", "hearing instrument licensing", "Texas hearing aid licensing", "audiology technicians" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "403", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 403. LICENSED DYSLEXIA PRACTITIONERS AND LICENSED DYSLEXIA THERAPISTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/403.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/403.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a Texas license for people who work with dyslexia, defining two titles—licensed dyslexia practitioner and licensed dyslexia therapist. It spells out the education, training, exam and renewal steps needed, where they can work (including telehealth rules), and how the state monitors and disciplines license holders. It also creates an advisory board and ethical standards for the profession.", "questions_answered": [ "What are the requirements to become a licensed dyslexia practitioner in Texas?", "What education and experience do I need for a licensed dyslexia therapist license?", "How long does a dyslexia license last and how do I renew it?", "Can I practice dyslexia therapy from home or via telehealth?", "What are the rules for displaying my home address on a public license roster?", "What actions could cause my dyslexia license to be suspended or revoked?", "What is a qualified instructor and how do they factor into my training?", "Do I need to pass a specific exam to get a dyslexia license, and can it be waived?", "What types of programs count as approved multisensory structured language education?", "How does the state monitor compliance with dyslexia licensing rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "dyslexia-licensing", "education-standards", "professional-ethics", "telehealth", "training-programs", "disciplinary-actions" ], "synonyms": [ "Licensed Dyslexia Practitioner Act", "Dyslexia Therapist licensing rules", "Texas dyslexia practitioner license", "Chapter 403 dyslexia licensing" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "451", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 451. ATHLETIC TRAINERS", "url": "/statutes/OC/451.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/451.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a licensing system for athletic trainers in Texas, defining what they do and who can call themselves an athletic trainer. It sets the education, apprenticeship, exam, and fee requirements, outlines how licenses are issued, renewed, or given temporarily, and establishes an advisory board to oversee the profession. The law also clarifies that it does not let unlicensed people practice medicine and lists professionals who are excluded from its scope.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to work as an athletic trainer in Texas?", "What education and apprenticeship are required to become a licensed athletic trainer?", "How do I apply for an athletic trainer license and what fees are involved?", "Can I get a temporary license while I finish the required training?", "How often must I renew my athletic trainer license and what is the renewal process?", "What is the role of the Advisory Board of Athletic Trainers?", "Are physicians, nurses, or other health professionals covered by this athletic trainer law?", "Can an out‑of‑state athletic trainer practice in Texas, and what are the requirements?", "What activities are considered part of athletic training under this law?", "What happens if someone practices athletic training without a license?" ], "issue_tags": [ "athletic-trainer-licensing", "texas-health-professions", "professional-education", "license-renewal", "advisory-board", "scope-of-practice" ], "synonyms": [ "Licensed Athletic Trainer", "LAT", "AT", "Sports Trainer", "Athletic Training License", "Texas Athletic Trainer Regulation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "452", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 452. EXECUTIVE COUNCIL OF PHYSICAL THERAPY AND OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY EXAMINERS", "url": "/statutes/OC/452.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/452.json", "summary": "This chapter creates and governs the Executive Council that oversees Texas' physical therapy and occupational therapy licensing boards. It sets how members are appointed, their terms, duties, meetings, training, and how the council reviews rules, sets fees, and handles public complaints. The council also manages budgets, property, and ensures equal employment policies for its staff.", "questions_answered": [ "Who appoints the members of the Executive Council for physical and occupational therapy?", "What are the eligibility rules for the public member appointed by the governor?", "How long do council members serve and how are vacancies filled?", "What are the grounds for removing a council member?", "Can council members receive compensation for their service?", "How often must the Executive Council hold meetings and what constitutes a quorum?", "What training must a new council member complete before voting?", "Who sets the licensing fees for physical and occupational therapists in Texas?", "How does the council review and approve new rules before they are published?", "How can a consumer file a complaint against a physical or occupational therapist?", "What public information does the council provide about its functions and complaint process?", "What responsibilities does the council have for budgeting and managing property?" ], "issue_tags": [ "executive-council", "physical-therapy", "occupational-therapy", "licensing", "board-governance", "public-complaints", "training-requirements", "fee-setting" ], "synonyms": [ "Executive Council of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Examiners", "PT/OT Executive Council", "Texas Physical and Occupational Therapy Board Council", "Council overseeing PT and OT licensing", "Physical therapy and occupational therapy oversight body" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "453", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 453. PHYSICAL THERAPISTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/453.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/453.json", "summary": "Chapter 453 creates and governs the Texas Board of Physical Therapy Examiners, defines who may be called a physical therapist or assistant, and sets the rules for licensing, renewal, and practice. It outlines what services PTs can provide, when referrals are required, prohibited activities, disciplinary procedures, and the interstate licensure compact that lets PTs practice across state lines.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a Texas license to practice physical therapy or work as a physical therapist assistant?", "Can a physical therapist treat a patient without a doctor's referral, and if so, for how long?", "What are the requirements and steps to apply for a physical therapist or assistant license in Texas?", "How often must I renew my PT license and what continuing competence units are required?", "What actions can the Board take against a PT for misconduct or violations?", "What penalties apply if I practice physical therapy without a license or use prohibited titles?", "How does the Physical Therapy Licensure Compact work and can I practice in another member state?", "What are the rules for advertising, using titles, and displaying my license as a PT?", "How does the Board handle complaints and what is the process for filing one?", "Can a PT use the title 'physician' or diagnose diseases?" ], "issue_tags": [ "physical-therapy", "licensing", "board-governance", "disciplinary-action", "continuing-competence", "licensure-compact", "practice-standards" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Physical Therapy Act", "Chapter 453 Physical Therapists", "Texas PT licensing statutes", "Physical therapy regulation", "PT board rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "454", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 454. OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/454.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/454.json", "summary": "Chapter 454 sets up the Texas Board that licenses and oversees occupational therapists and their assistants. It defines who can practice, the education and exam requirements, how licenses are issued, renewed, and disciplined, and outlines how complaints are handled and penalties imposed. The chapter also covers board composition, training, and public information duties.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to work as an occupational therapist or assistant in Texas?", "What education and exam requirements must I meet to become a licensed occupational therapist?", "Can I use the title \"Dr.\" or other physician designations as an occupational therapist?", "How do I renew or reactivate an expired occupational therapy license?", "What are the grounds for disciplinary action or license denial for occupational therapists?", "How can I file a complaint against an occupational therapist or the board?", "What is a provisional or temporary license and when can I get one?", "Can an out‑of‑state occupational therapist practice in Texas, and what is the endorsement process?", "What continuing education is required to keep my occupational therapy license current?", "What penalties apply if someone practices occupational therapy without a license?" ], "issue_tags": [ "occupational-therapy", "licensing", "board-governance", "disciplinary-action", "complaint-procedure", "continuing-education", "practice-standards" ], "synonyms": [ "Occupational Therapy Practice Act", "Texas Occupational Therapy Law", "OT licensing statutes", "Board of Occupational Therapy Examiners rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "455", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 455. MASSAGE THERAPY", "url": "/statutes/OC/455.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/455.json", "summary": "Chapter 455 sets the rules for massage therapy in Texas. It requires anyone who provides massage services, teaches massage, or runs a massage business to be licensed, defines the education and background‑check requirements, and outlines what practices are allowed or prohibited. The chapter also creates an advisory board, gives local governments limited authority, and specifies penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to practice massage therapy in Texas?", "What education and training hours are required to become a licensed massage therapist?", "Can a massage school operate without a license?", "What criminal convictions make me ineligible for a massage license?", "Am I allowed to work in a massage establishment that is also a sexually oriented business?", "What are the rules about nude or partially nude staff in a massage establishment?", "How often must a massage therapist renew their license and what does the renewal process involve?", "What penalties apply if I practice massage therapy without a license?", "Can a physician refer patients to a licensed massage therapist?", "What signage must a massage business display regarding human trafficking?", "Do I need a new license if I move my massage school to a different location?", "Can a massage therapist use the word \"massage\" in advertising without a license?" ], "issue_tags": [ "massage-therapy", "licensing", "regulations", "criminal-background", "health-care", "enforcement", "education" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Massage Therapy Act", "Chapter 455 Massage Therapy", "Massage Therapy Licensing Law", "Texas massage regulation", "Massage therapist licensing statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "501", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 501. PSYCHOLOGISTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/501.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/501.json", "summary": "This chapter creates the Texas Psychologists' Licensing Act, which defines who can call themselves a psychologist, psychological associate, or school psychologist and sets the rules for practicing psychology. It establishes the State Board of Examiners of Psychologists, outlines licensing qualifications, renewal, and temporary licenses, and details disciplinary actions and exemptions. The chapter also implements the Psychology Interjurisdictional Compact to allow telepsychology and limited out‑of‑state practice. Finally, it governs board appointments, training, and the handling of complaints and penalties.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I become a licensed psychologist in Texas?", "What are the differences between a psychologist, a psychological associate, and a school psychologist?", "Can I practice psychology in Texas without a license if I work for a university or a nonprofit?", "What are the requirements for a temporary or provisional psychology license?", "What activities are considered the practice of psychology and require a license?", "How does the Texas State Board of Examiners of Psychologists get appointed and what are its duties?", "What grounds can lead to disciplinary action or removal of a psychologist’s license?", "How does the Psychology Interjurisdictional Compact affect telepsychology and out‑of‑state practice?", "Can a licensed psychologist delegate psychological tests or services to a trainee or associate?", "What are the continuing education and renewal requirements for psychologists?", "How can a psychologist apply for an inactive license status?" ], "issue_tags": [ "psychologist-licensing", "practice-of-psychology", "board-governance", "disciplinary-procedures", "telepsychology", "interjurisdictional-compact", "licensing-requirements", "exemptions" ], "synonyms": [ "Psychologists' Licensing Act", "Texas Psychology Licensing Statute", "Texas Board of Examiners of Psychologists", "Psychology Licensing Chapter", "Texas Psychologists' Regulation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "502", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 502. MARRIAGE AND FAMILY THERAPISTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/502.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/502.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up the Texas licensing system for marriage and family therapists, including who can serve on the licensing board and how they are appointed. It outlines the education, experience, and exam requirements for becoming a licensed therapist or associate, and describes how licenses are issued, renewed, and can be placed on inactive or provisional status. The chapter also details the board’s powers, training, meetings, and the disciplinary actions and penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to practice marriage and family therapy in Texas?", "What education and experience are required to become a licensed marriage and family therapist?", "How do I apply for a license or associate license as a marriage and family therapist?", "What exams must I pass to get licensed, and can any of them be waived?", "Can I use the title \"licensed marriage and family therapist\" if I’m not licensed?", "What is a provisional or temporary license and how can I obtain one?", "How often must I renew my marriage and family therapist license and what are the renewal requirements?", "What actions can the licensing board take if a therapist violates the law or ethics?", "What are the grounds for removal of a board member or for disciplinary action against a therapist?", "What penalties exist for practicing marriage and family therapy without a license?" ], "issue_tags": [ "marriage-family-therapy", "licensing", "board-governance", "exam-requirements", "disciplinary-action", "provisional-license", "professional-ethics" ], "synonyms": [ "Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist Act", "Texas LMFT Act", "Texas marriage and family therapist licensing law", "LMFT regulations", "Texas marriage and family therapy statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "503", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 503. LICENSED PROFESSIONAL COUNSELORS", "url": "/statutes/OC/503.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/503.json", "summary": "The Licensed Professional Counselor Act sets up Texas' rules for who can call themselves a licensed professional counselor, what services that title covers, and which activities are exempt. It creates a state board to oversee licensing, education, renewal, and discipline, and it defines penalties for practicing without a license. The chapter also outlines special provisions for art‑therapy specialization, associate and provisional licenses, and continuing‑education requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to work as a professional counselor in Texas?", "What education and experience are required to become a licensed professional counselor?", "What activities are exempt from the licensing requirement, such as work for a government agency or as a counselor intern?", "Can a psychologist, social worker, or other licensed professional call themselves a licensed professional counselor?", "What is the difference between an associate license, a provisional license, and a full license?", "How do I renew my counseling license and what continuing‑education credits are required?", "What disciplinary actions can the Texas State Board take against a licensed counselor?", "What penalties exist for practicing counseling without a license or using the wrong title?", "How is a specialization in art therapy licensed and what extra requirements does it have?", "What training must board members complete before they can vote on board matters?", "What does Texas law define as the practice of professional counseling?", "Can a nonprofit or charity employee provide counseling without being a licensed counselor?" ], "issue_tags": [ "licensed-counselor", "licensing-requirements", "board-governance", "exemptions", "disciplinary-action", "continuing-education", "art-therapy-specialization" ], "synonyms": [ "Licensed Professional Counselor Act", "Texas LPC law", "LPC licensing statutes", "Texas counseling licensure chapter", "Professional counselor regulation", "LPC board rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "504", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 504. CHEMICAL DEPENDENCY COUNSELORS", "url": "/statutes/OC/504.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/504.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up the Texas licensing system for chemical dependency counselors, defining who can practice, how they become licensed, and what continuing education they must complete. It also outlines the department’s powers to enforce rules, handle complaints, and impose penalties, while providing exemptions for certain professionals and out‑of‑state practitioners. The law requires counselors to have access to peer assistance programs and details renewal, disciplinary, and appeal procedures.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I become a licensed chemical dependency counselor in Texas?", "What education and experience are required to get a chemical dependency counseling license?", "Can a counselor from another state practice in Texas without getting a new license?", "What are the continuing education requirements for renewing my chemical dependency counselor license?", "What fees do I have to pay to apply for, renew, or maintain a chemical dependency counseling license?", "What exemptions exist for physicians, psychologists, or religious leaders who provide substance‑abuse counseling?", "How does the department handle complaints against a chemical dependency counselor?", "What disciplinary actions can the department take against a counselor, and how can I appeal them?", "Do I need to join a peer assistance program, and how does the surcharge work?", "What are the penalties for practicing chemical dependency counseling without a license?" ], "issue_tags": [ "chemical-dependency-counseling", "licensing", "continuing-education", "disciplinary-actions", "peer-assistance", "exemptions", "fees" ], "synonyms": [ "chemical dependency counselor licensing", "substance abuse counseling regulation", "Texas LCDC law", "licensed chemical dependency counselor requirements", "LCDC statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "505", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 505. SOCIAL WORKERS", "url": "/statutes/OC/505.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/505.json", "summary": "Chapter 505, known as the Social Work Practice Act, sets up the licensing system for social workers in Texas, defines what counts as social work, and creates the Texas State Board of Social Worker Examiners to oversee the profession. It outlines the different license types, specialty areas, application and renewal processes, and the rules for discipline, penalties, and exemptions.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to call myself a social worker in Texas?", "What are the different types of social work licenses and how do I qualify for each?", "How can I apply for a social work license, and what exams do I need to pass?", "Can a volunteer or a student practice social work without a license?", "What are the rules for using titles like \"Licensed Clinical Social Worker\" or other specialty designations?", "How does the Texas State Board of Social Worker Examiners operate and who serves on it?", "What actions can lead to disciplinary action or loss of a social work license?", "What penalties apply if someone practices social work without a license?", "How do I renew my social work license and what are the renewal fees?", "Can a social worker licensed in another state get a Texas license without taking the Texas exam?", "What exemptions exist for pastors or other religious counselors?", "What are the requirements and process for obtaining a specialty area recognition, such as clinical social work?" ], "issue_tags": [ "social-work-licensing", "texas-board", "professional-standards", "disciplinary-action", "specialty-areas", "license-renewal", "exemptions", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Social Work Practice Act", "Texas Social Work Licensing", "Social Worker Licensing Act", "Chapter 505", "Social Work Regulation", "Texas State Board of Social Worker Examiners rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "506", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 506. BEHAVIOR ANALYSTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/506.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/506.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a licensing system for behavior analysts and assistant behavior analysts in Texas, defining what applied behavior analysis is and who must be licensed. It lists who is exempt, outlines the advisory board, and describes how licenses are applied for, renewed, and disciplined.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a Texas license to practice applied behavior analysis?", "What education, certification, and exam requirements are needed to become a licensed behavior analyst?", "What are the requirements to become a licensed assistant behavior analyst?", "Can a licensed psychologist or other professional provide behavior analysis without a behavior analyst license?", "Are teachers, family members, or paraprofessionals allowed to deliver behavior analysis services without a license?", "How can an out‑of‑state behavior analyst practice in Texas, and what limits apply?", "What is the process for renewing a behavior analyst or assistant behavior analyst license?", "What disciplinary actions can the commission take against a behavior analyst license holder?", "Who serves on the Behavior Analyst Advisory Board and what do they do?", "What fees are required for applying for or renewing a behavior analyst license?" ], "issue_tags": [ "behavior-analyst-licensing", "applied-behavior-analysis", "professional-standards", "license-exemptions", "disciplinary-procedures", "advisory-board", "license-renewal" ], "synonyms": [ "Behavior Analyst Licensing Act", "Texas behavior analyst license", "Applied behavior analysis regulation", "Behavior analyst licensing chapter", "Behavior analyst statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "507", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 507. TEXAS BEHAVIORAL HEALTH EXECUTIVE COUNCIL", "url": "/statutes/OC/507.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/507.json", "summary": "The Texas Behavioral Health Executive Council is a nine‑member body that oversees licensing, rulemaking, and enforcement for psychologists, counselors, marriage and family therapists, and social workers. It sets fees, handles complaints, conducts investigations, and can impose disciplinary actions or penalties. Council members must meet eligibility rules, complete required training, and can be removed for various reasons. The council’s authority and the related chapters will expire unless renewed under the Sunset Act.", "questions_answered": [ "Who makes up the Texas Behavioral Health Executive Council and how are they appointed?", "What qualifications and eligibility rules must council members meet?", "How long do council members serve and how are vacancies filled?", "What training must a new council member complete before voting?", "How does the council set and collect fees for licenses and renewals?", "What is the process for filing and investigating a complaint against a licensed professional?", "What disciplinary actions can the council take against a license holder?", "How can a license holder appeal an administrative penalty or disciplinary decision?", "When does the Texas Behavioral Health Executive Council and its related chapters expire?", "What confidentiality protections exist for a license holder’s home address and phone number?", "Can the council impose rules that limit advertising or competition for regulated professionals?", "What are the limits on administrative penalties and civil penalties for violations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-behavioral-health", "executive-council", "licensing", "disciplinary-procedures", "complaint-handling", "rulemaking", "penalties", "governance" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Behavioral Health Executive Council", "TBHEC", "Behavioral Health Council", "Executive Council for Behavioral Health", "State Behavioral Health Oversight Board" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "551", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 551. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/OC/551.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/551.json", "summary": "Chapter 551, known as the Texas Pharmacy Act, sets the rules for how pharmacy is practiced in Texas. It defines key terms, outlines who can be a pharmacist or pharmacy technician, and explains the board’s authority to license and regulate pharmacies. The chapter also clarifies which activities are covered, such as dispensing, compounding, and patient counseling, and lists exceptions for certain practitioners and organizations.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Texas Pharmacy Act and what does it regulate?", "Who is allowed to practice pharmacy in Texas?", "What are the different types of pharmacy licenses and what do they mean?", "What is the difference between dispensing, distributing, and compounding a drug?", "What does the term 'controlled substance' mean under Texas law?", "Who can act as a designated agent for a prescription order?", "What responsibilities does a pharmacist-in-charge have?", "What is required for patient counseling and drug regimen review?", "Does the act apply to doctors who give drugs directly to patients?", "Can a pharmacist refuse to dispense a prescription?", "What is the role of the Texas State Board of Pharmacy?", "What activities are excluded from the Pharmacy Act’s coverage?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-pharmacy-act", "pharmacy-licensing", "drug-definition", "controlled-substances", "pharmacy-practice", "board-authority" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Pharmacy Act", "Chapter 551 of the Occupations Code", "Texas pharmacy regulations", "Texas pharmacy statutes", "General provisions for pharmacy in Texas" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "552", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 552. TEXAS STATE BOARD OF PHARMACY", "url": "/statutes/OC/552.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/552.json", "summary": "Chapter 552 sets up the Texas State Board of Pharmacy, detailing how its 11 members are appointed, who can serve, and the qualifications they must meet. It also covers term lengths, limits on consecutive service, required training, compensation, meeting schedules, and the reasons a member can be removed.", "questions_answered": [ "How are members of the Texas State Board of Pharmacy selected and appointed?", "What qualifications must a pharmacist or pharmacy technician meet to serve on the board?", "Can a public member of the board have a health‑care license or own a pharmacy‑related business?", "How long do board members serve and how many terms can they hold consecutively?", "What training must a new board member complete before they can vote or participate in meetings?", "What are the grounds for removing a board member from the Texas State Board of Pharmacy?", "Do board members receive per‑diem payments or travel reimbursements for their service?", "How often is the Texas State Board of Pharmacy required to meet?", "Who designates the board president and how are other officers chosen?", "What restrictions apply to board members who are also lobbyists or trade‑association employees?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-pharmacy-board", "board-membership", "qualifications", "terms-and-termination", "training-requirements", "compensation", "meeting-schedule" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas State Board of Pharmacy", "Board of Pharmacy", "Pharmacy Board", "Chapter 552", "Occupations Code Chapter 552", "Texas Pharmacy Board statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "553", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 553. EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR AND OTHER BOARD PERSONNEL", "url": "/statutes/OC/553.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/553.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for the Texas Pharmacy Board’s executive director and other staff. It requires the director to be a pharmacist, outlines their duties, limits on decision‑making, and handling of the board seal. It also covers hiring practices, employee restrictions, equal‑employment policies, performance reviews, and how the board must define staff responsibilities.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is allowed to serve as the executive director of the Texas Pharmacy Board?", "What are the main responsibilities of the board’s executive director?", "Can a board employee keep a controlled substance while on the job?", "What kinds of jobs can the board hire people to fill?", "Are there any conflicts of interest that prevent someone from working for the board?", "Can the board’s general counsel also be a registered lobbyist?", "What policies must the board have for equal employment opportunity?", "How does the board evaluate employee performance and determine merit pay?", "What rules govern the use of the board’s official seal?", "How does the board develop and share staff responsibility policies?" ], "issue_tags": [ "executive-director", "board-employment", "equal-employment", "conflict-of-interest", "personnel-policy", "pharmacy-board" ], "synonyms": [ "Pharmacy Board executive director rules", "Board personnel regulations", "Texas Pharmacy Board staff policies", "Executive director duties and qualifications", "Board employee restrictions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "554", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 554. BOARD POWERS AND DUTIES; RULEMAKING AUTHORITY", "url": "/statutes/OC/554.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/554.json", "summary": "This chapter outlines the powers and duties of the Texas State Board of Pharmacy, including licensing pharmacists and pharmacies, creating and enforcing rules, setting fees, and overseeing medication administration and other pharmacy practices. It also covers the board’s ability to work with other agencies, adopt alternative dispute resolution methods, and manage funds and resources.", "questions_answered": [ "What responsibilities does the Texas Board of Pharmacy have?", "How does the board issue and renew pharmacy licenses?", "Can a pharmacist give vaccinations and under what conditions?", "What rules does the board set for pharmacy technicians and trainees?", "How are fees for pharmacy licensing and related programs determined?", "What can the board do if a prescription drug poses a public health hazard?", "Does the board use alternative dispute resolution or negotiated rulemaking?", "Are there any restrictions on advertising or competitive bidding for pharmacies?", "Can the board commission employees as peace officers?", "How does the board approve pilot or demonstration research projects in pharmacy?" ], "issue_tags": [ "pharmacy-licensing", "board-powers", "rulemaking", "medication-administration", "fees", "dispute-resolution", "pharmacy-technology" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Pharmacy Board authority", "Board of Pharmacy powers", "Pharmacy practice regulations", "Texas pharmacy statutes", "Board rulemaking authority" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "555", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 555. PUBLIC INTEREST INFORMATION AND COMPLAINT PROCEDURES", "url": "/statutes/OC/555.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/555.json", "summary": "This chapter tells the Texas Pharmacy Board how to share information about its duties and the pharmacies it licenses, especially online pharmacies. It sets out how consumers can report problems with pharmacists or pharmacies, how the board must handle those complaints, and protects the privacy and legal safety of people who provide information. The board must keep records, give updates, and follow specific timelines while keeping certain personal details confidential.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I file a complaint against a pharmacist or pharmacy in Texas?", "Where can I find a list of licensed internet pharmacies on the board’s website?", "What information about a pharmacy is required to be posted publicly?", "Can I submit a pharmacy complaint online?", "How long does the board have to acknowledge my complaint and give an estimated resolution time?", "What steps does the board take to investigate a pharmacy complaint?", "Are there limits on how old a violation can be for a complaint to be considered?", "Will my home address be kept private if I report a pharmacy problem?", "What legal protections do I have if I provide information to the board?", "What happens if a complaint is dismissed or found to be outside the board’s jurisdiction?" ], "issue_tags": [ "pharmacy-complaints", "public-information", "confidentiality", "board-procedures", "internet-pharmacies", "complaint-investigation", "immunity" ], "synonyms": [ "Public Interest Information and Complaint Procedures", "Pharmacy complaint process", "Texas Pharmacy Board complaint rules", "Pharmacy consumer protection statutes", "Pharmacy board public info requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "556", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 556. ADMINISTRATIVE INSPECTIONS AND WARRANTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/556.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/556.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out how the Texas pharmacy board can inspect pharmacies, what they may look at, and when a warrant is needed. It explains the procedures for entry, what information must stay confidential, and how the board handles violations, warnings, and seized items. It also requires the board to adopt a code of conduct for inspectors and covers inspections of nonresident pharmacies.", "questions_answered": [ "Can the pharmacy board enter my pharmacy without a warrant?", "What areas and items can the board inspect during a pharmacy inspection?", "Do I have to provide financial records to the board during an inspection?", "What information gathered during an inspection is kept confidential?", "What happens if the board finds a safety problem with a compounded drug?", "Will I receive a warning before the board files a complaint against my pharmacy?", "Can the board inspect a pharmacy that is located outside Texas but licensed by Texas?", "What are the requirements for an administrative inspection warrant?", "How is seized property handled after a board inspection?", "What rules govern the conduct of board inspectors during an inspection?" ], "issue_tags": [ "pharmacy-inspections", "administrative-warrants", "confidentiality", "nonresident-pharmacy", "professional-responsibility", "drug-compounding" ], "synonyms": [ "pharmacy inspection rules", "administrative inspection and warrant provisions", "Texas pharmacy board inspection authority", "pharmacy compliance inspections", "board inspection code of conduct" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "557", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 557. PHARMACIST-INTERNS", "url": "/statutes/OC/557.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/557.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for registering as a pharmacist‑intern in Texas. It requires you to apply on a board‑approved form before starting any board‑approved internship, and your registration stays active as long as you meet the board’s qualifications. The board can refuse, suspend, or revoke the registration and can discipline interns for misconduct just like it does with licensed pharmacists.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I register to become a pharmacist intern in Texas?", "Do I need to fill out a special form before starting my pharmacy internship?", "How long will my pharmacist‑intern registration stay valid?", "What qualifications must I keep to maintain my pharmacist‑intern registration?", "Can the board refuse to give me a pharmacist‑intern registration?", "Under what circumstances can my pharmacist‑intern registration be suspended or revoked?", "What disciplinary actions can the board take against a pharmacist intern?", "Can an intern be disciplined for the same violations that apply to a licensed pharmacist?", "What happens to my registration if I violate pharmacy rules while interning?", "Is there a way to appeal a board decision to suspend my pharmacist‑intern registration?" ], "issue_tags": [ "pharmacist-intern", "registration", "board-discipline", "pharmacy-internship", "texas-health-professions" ], "synonyms": [ "pharmacy intern registration", "pharmacist trainee", "pharmacy intern licensing", "intern pharmacist registration", "pharmacy apprenticeship registration" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "558", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 558. LICENSE TO PRACTICE PHARMACY", "url": "/statutes/OC/558.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/558.json", "summary": "This chapter tells who can legally practice pharmacy in Texas and sets the rules for getting a pharmacy license. It covers the education, internship, exam, and fee requirements, as well as how out‑of‑state pharmacists can get licensed, provisional or temporary licenses, and what actions are prohibited such as impersonating a pharmacist or falsifying an application.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to work as a pharmacist in Texas?", "Can I use the title \"Registered Pharmacist\" without a Texas pharmacy license?", "What education and internship experience do I need to qualify for a pharmacy license?", "How many times can I take the pharmacy licensing exam and what happens if I fail multiple times?", "What is the process for getting a pharmacy license if I’m already licensed in another state?", "What is a provisional pharmacy license and how long does it last?", "Can I obtain a temporary pharmacy license and under what circumstances?", "What fees are required for the pharmacy licensing exam and can they be refunded?", "How does the board notify me of my exam results?", "What are the penalties for providing false information on a pharmacy license application?", "Am I allowed to duplicate my pharmacy license or renewal certificate?", "What are the requirements for reciprocity licensing for pharmacists from other states?" ], "issue_tags": [ "pharmacy-licensing", "exam-requirements", "reciprocity", "provisional-license", "fraud-prohibition" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Pharmacy License Act", "Pharmacy Practice Licensing Chapter", "TX Pharmacy Licensing Rules", "Pharmacy License Requirements", "Pharmacist Licensing Statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "559", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 559. RENEWAL OF LICENSE TO PRACTICE PHARMACY", "url": "/statutes/OC/559.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/559.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas pharmacists how and when to renew their practice licenses, including the expiration dates, renewal periods, required fees, and mandatory continuing education. It also explains the process for getting a renewal certificate, penalties for practicing without a current license, and how to place a license on inactive status or obtain a new license after a lapse.", "questions_answered": [ "When does my pharmacy license expire in Texas?", "How can I renew my pharmacy license and what is the renewal period?", "What fees do I need to pay to renew my pharmacy license?", "What continuing education requirements must I meet to renew my license?", "How many hours of continuing education are required for renewal?", "What happens if my license has been expired for less than 90 days?", "What if my license has been expired for more than 90 days but less than a year?", "Can I renew my license after it has been expired for a year or more?", "Will I receive a notice before my license expires?", "Can I place my pharmacy license on inactive status, and how?", "How do I reactivate a pharmacy license that is on inactive status?", "What if I hold a suspended or revoked pharmacy license in another state?" ], "issue_tags": [ "pharmacy-license-renewal", "continuing-education", "license-expiration", "inactive-status", "renewal-fees" ], "synonyms": [ "pharmacy license renewal rules", "pharmacist license renewal", "renewal of pharmacy practice license", "Texas pharmacy license renewal process", "pharmacy license expiration and renewal" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "560", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 560. LICENSING OF PHARMACIES", "url": "/statutes/OC/560.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/560.json", "summary": "This chapter establishes the rules for obtaining and maintaining a pharmacy license in Texas. It defines several license classes, sets requirements for applications, disclosures, and inspections, and limits how pharmacies can advertise, operate, and ship drugs, especially for out‑of‑state businesses. It also states that licenses cannot be transferred and each location needs its own license.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to operate a pharmacy in Texas?", "Can I call my business a pharmacy or advertise pharmacy services without a license?", "What are the different classes of pharmacy licenses and what do they allow?", "How can an out‑of‑state pharmacy get an exemption to sell or deliver medication to Texas patients?", "What information must I disclose when applying for a pharmacy license?", "Is a pharmacy license transferable to a new owner or another location?", "Do I need a separate license for each pharmacy location I operate?", "What advertising rules apply to pharmacies that are not licensed in Texas?", "What are the requirements for a nonresident (Class E) pharmacy license?", "Do pharmacies that compound sterile preparations need a special inspection before getting licensed?" ], "issue_tags": [ "pharmacy-licensing", "license-classes", "out-of-state-pharmacies", "advertising-restrictions", "disclosure-requirements", "license-transfer", "location-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Pharmacy Licensing Act", "Pharmacy License Requirements", "Pharmacy Licensing Chapter", "Pharmacy License Classifications", "Pharmacy Regulation Texas" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "561", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 561. RENEWAL OF PHARMACY LICENSE", "url": "/statutes/OC/561.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/561.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas pharmacies when their licenses expire and how they must be renewed, either each year or every other year. It sets the fees, required paperwork, and special inspection rules for certain types of pharmacies, and explains what happens if a pharmacy fails to renew on time.", "questions_answered": [ "When does a pharmacy license expire in Texas?", "How often must a pharmacy renew its license?", "What fees must be paid to renew a pharmacy license?", "What paperwork is required to renew a pharmacy license?", "Can a pharmacy renew its license if it has been expired for less than 90 days?", "What must a pharmacy do if its license has been expired for more than 90 days?", "Are there extra renewal requirements for Class E pharmacies?", "What additional steps are needed for pharmacies that compound sterile preparations?", "What information is included on a pharmacy renewal certificate?", "What actions does the board take if a pharmacy does not renew on time?" ], "issue_tags": [ "pharmacy-license-renewal", "license-expiration", "renewal-fees", "inspection-requirements", "class-e-pharmacy", "sterile-compounding", "license-suspension" ], "synonyms": [ "pharmacy license renewal rules", "pharmacy license expiration", "Texas pharmacy licensing renewal process", "pharmacy renewal requirements", "pharmacy license renewal guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "562", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 562. PRACTICE BY LICENSE HOLDER", "url": "/statutes/OC/562.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/562.json", "summary": "Chapter 562 sets the rules for how Texas-licensed pharmacists must handle prescriptions, including when they can swap brand‑name drugs for cheaper generics or interchangeable biologics. It requires pharmacists to disclose lower prices, label containers clearly, keep detailed records, and follow specific procedures for emergency refills, telepharmacy, and handling of confidential information. The chapter also outlines supervision requirements for different pharmacy classes and standards for compounded and prepackaged drugs.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a pharmacist give me a cheaper generic drug instead of the brand name my doctor wrote?", "What must a pharmacist tell me if the drug’s price is lower than my insurance copay?", "How does a pharmacy label a prescription, and what information must be on the label?", "When can a pharmacist refill a prescription without the doctor’s approval in an emergency?", "What are the rules for a pharmacist to dispense insulin or insulin‑related supplies in an emergency?", "What are the requirements for a pharmacy that provides services through a telepharmacy or automated system?", "How does a pharmacist handle confidential patient records and who can receive them?", "What are the supervision requirements for different types of pharmacies in Texas?", "Can a pharmacist substitute a different dosage form (like a tablet for a capsule) and what limits apply?", "What rules apply to compounded drugs and prepackaged medications that a pharmacy distributes?" ], "issue_tags": [ "generic-substitution", "prescription-labeling", "pharmacist-responsibilities", "emergency-refills", "telepharmacy", "confidential-records", "pharmacy-supervision", "compounded-drugs" ], "synonyms": [ "Pharmacy practice regulations", "Texas pharmacy law", "Prescription dispensing rules", "Pharmacist licensing requirements", "Drug substitution statutes", "Pharmacy supervision standards" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "563", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 563. PRESCRIPTION REQUIREMENTS; DELEGATION OF ADMINISTRATION AND PROVISION OF DANGEROUS DRUGS", "url": "/statutes/OC/563.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/563.json", "summary": "This chapter outlines how physicians and veterinarians may give or delegate the administration of dangerous drugs, including the settings where it can occur, the qualifications of delegated personnel, and labeling and record‑keeping requirements. It also provides special rules for dispensing such drugs in very small rural areas and clarifies that it does not allow the operation of a retail pharmacy without following other drug laws.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a doctor let a nurse give a controlled medication to a patient in the office?", "What qualifications must a person have to be delegated dangerous drugs by a physician?", "Can a physician dispense dangerous drugs in a small town without a pharmacy license?", "What labeling information is required on containers of dangerous drugs provided by a doctor?", "May a veterinarian delegate the administration of dangerous drugs to a trained assistant?", "What types of orders (e.g., standing orders) can a physician use to delegate drug administration?", "Do physicians need to notify any board before dispensing dangerous drugs in a rural area?", "Are there separate fees allowed for the cost of the drug itself when a doctor dispenses it?", "Can a licensed vocational nurse communicate prescription orders for an advanced practice nurse?", "What laws must be followed when a veterinarian provides dangerous drugs to an animal?" ], "issue_tags": [ "prescription-delegation", "dangerous-drugs", "rural-dispensing", "veterinary-drug-administration", "labeling-requirements", "physician-supervision" ], "synonyms": [ "dangerous drug delegation rules", "physician delegation of controlled substances", "rural drug dispensing provisions", "vet drug administration regulations", "Texas prescription delegation statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "564", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 564. PROGRAM TO AID IMPAIRED PHARMACISTS AND PHARMACY STUDENTS; PHARMACY PEER REVIEW", "url": "/statutes/OC/564.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/564.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a system for reporting pharmacists or pharmacy students who may be impaired by chemical abuse or health issues, and it protects the confidentiality of those reports. It also creates rules for pharmacy peer review committees that evaluate the quality of pharmacy services, keeping their proceedings private while allowing limited disclosures. The law gives immunity to people who report or assist in the program, and outlines how the board can fund and manage these activities.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I report a pharmacist or pharmacy student I think is impaired?", "Will my report about an impaired pharmacist be kept confidential?", "Can a pharmacist or pharmacy student see the report that was filed against them?", "What information can the board share about an impaired pharmacist’s license status?", "Am I protected from a lawsuit if I report an impaired pharmacist in good faith?", "What is a pharmacy peer review committee and what does it do?", "Are the proceedings and records of a pharmacy peer review committee confidential?", "Can a peer review committee’s findings be used in a civil or criminal case?", "How does the board fund the program that helps impaired pharmacists and students?", "Can the board add a surcharge to pharmacy license fees to support this program?", "What happens if a peer review report is found to have no merit?", "Can a pharmacy peer review committee recommend disciplinary action against a pharmacist?" ], "issue_tags": [ "impaired-pharmacist", "pharmacy-peer-review", "confidentiality", "reporting-immunity", "board-discipline", "program-funding" ], "synonyms": [ "Impaired Pharmacist Assistance Program", "Pharmacy Impairment Reporting", "Pharmacy Peer Review Process", "Pharmacy Student Impairment Program", "Pharmacy Peer Review Committee Rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "565", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 565. DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS AND PROCEDURES; REINSTATEMENT OF LICENSE", "url": "/statutes/OC/565.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/565.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the reasons Texas can discipline pharmacists and pharmacy businesses, the types of penalties the board may impose, and how investigations and hearings are conducted. It also explains how a pharmacist or pharmacy can petition to have a revoked or restricted license reinstated. The rules cover everything from misconduct and criminal convictions to failures in record‑keeping and drug diversion, and they apply to both resident and nonresident licenses.", "questions_answered": [ "What actions can lead to a pharmacist’s license being suspended or revoked in Texas?", "Can a pharmacy be disciplined for selling prescription drugs without proper authorization?", "What does the board consider unprofessional conduct or gross immorality for pharmacists?", "How does the board investigate alleged violations and keep investigation files confidential?", "What penalties can the board impose besides suspension, such as fines or probation?", "Do pharmacists have to submit to a mental or physical exam if the board suspects impairment?", "How can a pharmacist or pharmacy apply to have a revoked or restricted license reinstated?", "What are the specific rules for disciplining nonresident pharmacy licenses?", "When must a pharmacy provide a surety bond and what can the bond be used for?", "What is the process for a temporary suspension or restriction of a pharmacy license?" ], "issue_tags": [ "pharmacy-discipline", "license-revocation", "disciplinary-procedures", "reinstatement", "board-investigations", "professional-conduct" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Pharmacy Discipline Act", "Chapter 565 Pharmacy Discipline", "Pharmacy Board disciplinary rules", "Texas pharmacy licensing discipline", "Pharmacy disciplinary actions", "Pharmacy license revocation procedures" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "566", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 566. PENALTIES AND ENFORCEMENT PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/OC/566.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/566.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out how the Texas Pharmacy Board can punish violations of pharmacy licensing rules. It describes administrative penalties up to $5,000 per violation, daily civil penalties up to $1,000, and criminal Class A misdemeanors, as well as the processes for notice, appeal, collection, and court actions like injunctions and cease‑and‑desist orders.", "questions_answered": [ "What penalties can I face for practicing pharmacy without a license in Texas?", "How much can the pharmacy board fine me for a licensing violation?", "Can I appeal an administrative penalty from the pharmacy board, and how?", "Do I have to pay the penalty before I can challenge it in court?", "What is the process to request a stay of enforcement while I appeal a penalty?", "How does the board collect a penalty if I don’t pay it?", "What civil penalties apply if I continue a pharmacy violation each day?", "What criminal charge applies to pharmacy licensing violations?", "Can the board issue a cease‑and‑desist order to stop unlicensed pharmacy activity?", "Where are lawsuits for pharmacy penalties filed in Texas?", "Can the attorney general or a local district attorney help collect pharmacy penalties?" ], "issue_tags": [ "pharmacy-penalties", "administrative-penalty", "civil-penalty", "criminal-misdemeanor", "injunctive-relief", "board-enforcement", "licensing-violations" ], "synonyms": [ "Pharmacy enforcement provisions", "Pharmacy penalties", "Texas Pharmacy Board penalties", "Occupations Code Chapter 566", "Pharmacy licensing penalty rules", "Administrative and civil penalties for pharmacists" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "568", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 568. PHARMACY TECHNICIANS AND PHARMACY TECHNICIAN TRAINEES", "url": "/statutes/OC/568.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/568.json", "summary": "This chapter outlines who can work as a pharmacy technician or trainee in Texas, what education and certification they need, how they must register, the duties they can perform under pharmacist supervision, and the rules for continuing education, fees, and disciplinary actions. It also sets staffing ratios for pharmacists and technicians, and special provisions for hospital clinical pharmacy programs.", "questions_answered": [ "What high school education is required to become a pharmacy technician in Texas?", "Do I need to pass a certification exam to work as a pharmacy technician or trainee?", "How do I register with the Texas Board of Pharmacy as a pharmacy technician or trainee?", "Can a pharmacy technician work without a pharmacist supervising them?", "What continuing education requirements must I meet to keep my pharmacy technician registration active?", "What are the fees for registering or renewing a pharmacy technician license?", "What are the staffing ratio rules for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in a Class A pharmacy?", "What actions can the board take if a pharmacy technician violates the law or behaves unethically?", "How do I change my address or employer information on my pharmacy technician registration?", "Can a pharmacy technician verify another technician’s work in a hospital with a clinical pharmacy program?" ], "issue_tags": [ "pharmacy-technician", "registration", "certification", "discipline", "continuing-education", "pharmacist-tech-ratio", "hospital-clinical-program" ], "synonyms": [ "Pharmacy technician regulations", "Texas pharmacy tech rules", "Pharmacy technician licensing", "Pharmacy technician trainee requirements", "Pharmacy tech registration statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "569", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 569. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR PROFESSIONAL LIABILITY INSURERS", "url": "/statutes/OC/569.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/569.json", "summary": "This chapter tells insurers that sell professional liability coverage to pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, trainees, and license holders that they must send specific claim details to the Texas State Board of Pharmacy. It sets a 30‑day deadline, keeps the information confidential, and gives the Department of Insurance the power to punish insurers that don’t comply. The board can also review repeated claims as if they were formal complaints.", "questions_answered": [ "What types of insurance carriers have to report pharmacy liability claims to the board?", "What specific information must be sent to the board when a claim or complaint is filed?", "When is the deadline for insurers to submit the required claim information?", "Who is responsible for reporting if a pharmacist’s liability coverage comes from a non‑admitted carrier?", "Can the reported claim information be used as evidence in a lawsuit?", "Is the claim information that insurers submit to the board public or confidential?", "What happens if an insurer fails to report the required information?", "Does the board have to investigate every claim report it receives?", "How does the board handle multiple claims against the same pharmacist or technician?", "Can the reported information affect a pharmacy’s eligibility for health‑insurance contracts?" ], "issue_tags": [ "pharmacy-liability-reporting", "professional-liability-insurance", "confidentiality", "reporting-deadlines", "insurance-sanctions", "board-investigation" ], "synonyms": [ "pharmacist liability reporting requirements", "Texas pharmacy professional liability insurer reporting", "pharmacy technician claim reporting rules", "professional liability claim submission to the board", "insurance reporting duties for pharmacy professionals" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "601", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 601. MEDICAL RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGISTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/601.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/601.json", "summary": "This chapter creates the Texas Board of Medical Radiologic Technology, which sets standards, issues certificates, and enforces rules for people who perform radiologic procedures. It defines who must be certified, how to apply, renew, and maintain certification, and outlines exemptions, fees, and disciplinary actions. The board also handles complaints, investigations, and penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a certificate to perform X‑rays or other radiologic procedures in Texas?", "How can I become a certified medical radiologic technologist in Texas?", "What are the requirements and steps to renew my radiologic technologist certificate?", "Can a registered nurse or physician assistant perform radiologic procedures without a certificate?", "What exemptions exist for students, hospitals, or practitioners from the certification requirement?", "What penalties apply if I practice radiologic technology without a valid certificate?", "How does the board handle complaints and disciplinary actions against certificate holders?", "What fees are charged for certification, renewal, and provisional certificates?", "Can I transfer my certification from another state or obtain a provisional certificate?", "What is the process for a hospital to request a hardship exemption from the training requirement?" ], "issue_tags": [ "certification", "radiology", "licensing", "exemptions", "disciplinary-action", "fees", "complaints" ], "synonyms": [ "Medical Radiologic Technologist Certification Act", "Texas Board of Medical Radiologic Technology", "radiologic technologist licensing", "radiology tech certification" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "602", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 602. MEDICAL PHYSICISTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/602.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/602.json", "summary": "The Medical Physics Practice Act sets up licensing, oversight, and discipline for medical physicists in Texas. It defines the various branches of medical physics, requires a state license (and specialty licenses for certain areas), outlines how the Medical Board and its advisory committee operate, and establishes rules for applications, renewals, continuing education, and penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a Texas license to work as a medical physicist?", "What specialties of medical physics require a separate license?", "How can I apply for a medical physicist license in Texas?", "Can I get a temporary or provisional license while I finish required experience or exams?", "What are the education, experience, and exam requirements to become licensed?", "How often must I renew my medical physics license and what are the fees?", "What continuing education requirements must I meet to keep my license active?", "What actions can the Medical Board take if a medical physicist violates the law?", "How does the Medical Physicist Licensure Advisory Committee function and who can serve on it?", "What penalties apply if someone practices medical physics without a license?" ], "issue_tags": [ "medical-physics", "licensing", "texas-medical-board", "disciplinary-action", "continuing-education", "advisory-committee" ], "synonyms": [ "Medical Physics Practice Act", "Texas medical physicist licensing", "medical physicist licensure", "medical physics regulation", "Texas Board of Medical Physics" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "603", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 603. PERFUSIONISTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/603.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/603.json", "summary": "The Licensed Perfusionists Act sets the rules for who can practice perfusion in Texas, how they become licensed, and what they must do to keep their license. It creates a medical‑board‑appointed advisory committee, outlines licensing, renewal, continuing‑education, and provisional‑license requirements, and describes how complaints are handled and what penalties can be imposed for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a Texas license to work as a perfusionist?", "How do I apply for a perfusionist license in Texas?", "What education and exam requirements must I meet to become a licensed perfusionist?", "What is a provisional perfusionist license and how does supervision work?", "How often must a perfusionist renew their license and what continuing‑education is required?", "Can a student or trainee perfusionist provide services without a full license?", "What are the possible disciplinary actions if a perfusionist violates the law?", "How can I file a complaint against a perfusionist or a perfusion service?", "What penalties apply for practicing perfusion without a license or using an unauthorized title?", "Who serves on the Perfusionist Licensure Advisory Committee and what are the eligibility rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "perfusionist-licensing", "medical-board", "continuing-education", "disciplinary-procedures", "complaint-handling", "provisional-license", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Licensed Perfusionists Act", "Texas perfusionist licensing law", "perfusionist regulation", "perfusion practice statutes", "perfusionist licensure code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "604", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 604. RESPIRATORY CARE PRACTITIONERS", "url": "/statutes/OC/604.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/604.json", "summary": "Chapter 604 creates the Texas Board of Respiratory Care and sets the rules for who can practice respiratory care in the state. It defines the certification and permit process, renewal requirements, continuing‑education standards, and disciplinary and enforcement procedures. The chapter also limits the practice of medicine by respiratory care practitioners and outlines how complaints and penalties are handled.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I become a certified respiratory care practitioner in Texas?", "What education and exam requirements are needed for a respiratory care certificate?", "Can I practice respiratory care without a Texas certificate or temporary permit?", "How often must I renew my respiratory care certificate and what continuing education is required?", "What are the fees and application steps for a temporary permit to practice respiratory care?", "How does the Texas Board of Respiratory Care handle complaints and disciplinary actions?", "What penalties exist for practicing respiratory care without a license or for other violations?", "Can I transfer my respiratory care license from another state to Texas?", "What are the rules about using the title ‘respiratory care practitioner’ or advertising my services?", "How are members of the Texas Board of Respiratory Care appointed and what can cause their removal?", "What is the process for appealing a disciplinary decision or administrative penalty?", "What continuing‑education hours are required for certificate renewal?" ], "issue_tags": [ "respiratory-care", "certification", "licensing", "disciplinary-procedures", "continuing-education", "board-governance", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Respiratory Care Practitioner regulations", "Texas Board of Respiratory Care rules", "respiratory therapist licensing statutes", "respiratory care practitioner certification", "Occupations Code Chapter 604" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "605", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 605. ORTHOTISTS AND PROSTHETISTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/605.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/605.json", "summary": "This Texas chapter sets up licensing rules for people who design, fit, and adjust braces and artificial limbs. It defines who can call themselves an orthotist or prosthetist, what education and testing they need, and how facilities must be accredited. The law also creates an advisory board, outlines temporary and student licenses, and lists who is exempt or prohibited from using certain titles.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a Texas license to make or fit a brace or artificial limb?", "What education, residency, and exam requirements are needed to become a licensed orthotist or prosthetist in Texas?", "Can I work as an orthotist or prosthetist assistant without a full license?", "How long does a Texas orthotics or prosthetics license last and how do I renew it?", "Is there a temporary license option if I’m already licensed in another state?", "What are the rules for accrediting an orthotic or prosthetic facility?", "Which professionals (like pharmacists, podiatrists, or physical therapists) are exempt from this licensing law?", "What titles or terms am I not allowed to use if I’m not a licensed orthotist or prosthetist?", "How does the Orthotists and Prosthetists Advisory Board get appointed and what does it do?", "What is considered a custom‑fabricated orthosis or prosthesis under this law?" ], "issue_tags": [ "orthotics-licensing", "prosthetics-licensing", "texas-health-professions", "facility-accreditation", "title-restrictions", "licensing-exemptions", "advisory-board" ], "synonyms": [ "Orthotics and Prosthetics Act", "Chapter 605 Orthotists and Prosthetists", "Texas orthotist licensing law", "Texas prosthetist licensing law", "Orthotics/prosthetics regulation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "651", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 651. CREMATORY SERVICES, FUNERAL DIRECTING, AND EMBALMING", "url": "/statutes/OC/651.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/651.json", "summary": "This chapter creates the Texas Funeral Service Commission and sets the rules for funeral directors, embalmers, funeral establishments, and crematories. It defines who can practice, how they must be licensed, what consumer information must be provided, and how the commission inspects, disciplines, and enforces standards. It also outlines fees, complaints procedures, and penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I become a licensed funeral director in Texas?", "What are the education and exam requirements for an embalmer license?", "What rules must a funeral home follow when pricing services and merchandise?", "How can I file a complaint against a funeral director or crematory?", "What consumer brochures and purchase agreements must a funeral establishment provide?", "What are the inspection requirements for crematories and funeral homes?", "What penalties can the commission impose for unethical or illegal practices?", "How does the commission regulate provisional licenses and training programs?", "What are the requirements for a crematory establishment license?", "Can a funeral director be held responsible for actions of unlicensed staff?", "What continuing education is required for license renewal?", "How does the commission handle refunds and reimbursements for consumers?" ], "issue_tags": [ "funeral-directing", "embalming", "crematory-services", "licensing", "consumer-protection", "complaints", "disciplinary-action" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Funeral Service Commission", "mortuary law", "funeral director licensing", "embalmer licensing", "crematory regulation", "funeral industry statutes", "funeral establishment rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "701", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 701. DIETITIANS", "url": "/statutes/OC/701.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/701.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up the rules for becoming and staying a licensed dietitian in Texas. It defines who can call themselves a dietitian, the education and exam requirements, how licenses are issued, renewed, and disciplined, and it creates an advisory board to guide the profession. It also mandates continuing education and outlines penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I become a licensed dietitian in Texas?", "What education and internship hours do I need to qualify for a dietitian license?", "Do I have to pass a licensing exam and a jurisprudence test to get my dietitian license?", "Can I use the title \"LD\" or \"RD\" without a Texas license?", "How often must I renew my dietitian license and what continuing education is required?", "What are the reasons the state can refuse to renew or suspend my dietitian license?", "Who serves on the Texas Dietitians Advisory Board and how are they chosen?", "What are the duties of the Texas Commission of Licensing and Regulation regarding dietitians?", "What continuing education topics are required for dietitians in Texas?", "What happens if I fail to pay an administrative penalty related to my dietitian license?" ], "issue_tags": [ "licensed-dietitian", "texas-licensing", "nutrition-education", "continuing-education", "professional-standards", "disciplinary-action", "dietitian-board" ], "synonyms": [ "Licensed Dietitian Act", "Texas dietitian licensing", "dietetics regulation", "dietitian practice law", "dietitian licensing chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "702", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 702. HEALTH SPAS", "url": "/statutes/OC/702.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/702.json", "summary": "The Health Spa Act sets rules for Texas health spas that sell memberships. It requires operators to register, post a security bond or escrow for prepaid fees, and include specific disclosures in contracts. The law also outlines how members can cancel contracts, claim refunds, and seek remedies if a spa closes or relocates. Violations can lead to civil penalties or criminal charges.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a certificate of registration to operate a health spa in Texas?", "What information must be included in a health spa membership contract?", "How much security bond or escrow is required for a health spa that sells memberships before opening?", "Can I get a refund if my health spa closes or moves more than 10 miles away?", "What steps do I take to file a claim against a health spa’s security bond?", "Are there limits on how long a health spa contract can be?", "What notice must a health spa give members before it closes or relocates?", "How can a health spa apply for an exemption from the security bond requirement?", "What penalties can the state impose for violating health spa regulations?", "Can a health spa waive any part of this law by contract?", "Do prepayments for memberships have to be held in escrow, and for how long?", "What are the consumer rights if a health spa fails to open after I prepaid for a membership?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-spa-regulation", "membership-contracts", "security-bond", "escrow-requirements", "consumer-protection", "licensing", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Health Spa Act", "Texas health spa regulations", "health club law", "spa operator registration requirements", "health spa consumer protection statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "801", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 801. VETERINARIANS", "url": "/statutes/OC/801.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/801.json", "summary": "The Veterinary Licensing Act sets the rules for who can practice veterinary medicine in Texas, how veterinarians, veterinary technicians, and equine dental providers get licensed, and what they must do to keep their licenses. It also creates a state board to oversee licensing, handle complaints, enforce standards, and discipline practitioners. The law defines supervision levels, outlines continuing‑education requirements, and establishes procedures for complaints, investigations, and penalties.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I become a licensed veterinarian in Texas?", "What are the requirements to get a veterinary technician license?", "Can I perform equine dentistry without being a veterinarian?", "What supervision is required for veterinary assistants and technicians?", "How do I renew or reinstate my veterinary license after it expires?", "What should I do if I have a complaint against a veterinarian or veterinary facility?", "What are the disciplinary actions the board can take against a veterinarian?", "Do I need a license to operate a veterinary clinic or a mobile veterinary unit?", "What continuing education is required for veterinarians and veterinary technicians?", "Can a veterinarian be held liable for emergency treatment or euthanasia?" ], "issue_tags": [ "veterinary-licensing", "equine-dentistry", "veterinary-technology", "disciplinary-procedures", "license-renewal", "complaint-handling", "practice-standards" ], "synonyms": [ "Veterinary Licensing Act", "Texas veterinary licensing law", "Veterinary practice regulations", "Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners rules", "Texas veterinary medicine statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "802", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 802. DOG OR CAT BREEDERS", "url": "/statutes/OC/802.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/802.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a licensing system for people who breed dogs or cats in Texas. It defines who must be licensed, establishes care and housing standards, requires record‑keeping and regular inspections, and outlines how licenses are issued, renewed, or revoked. The law also creates a public directory and enforcement mechanisms to protect animal welfare.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to breed dogs or cats in Texas?", "How many adult female dogs or cats make me a breeder that must be licensed?", "What are the minimum care and housing standards for breeding animals?", "How often will my breeding facility be inspected?", "What records do I have to keep for each animal and how often must I report them?", "Can I sell puppies or kittens before they are eight weeks old?", "What fees are required for a breeder license and inspections?", "What happens to my license if I have a criminal conviction for animal cruelty?", "How do I apply for, renew, or transfer a breeder license?", "Are there exemptions for dogs bred for herding, hunting, or show purposes?", "What is the process for reporting animal cruelty discovered during an inspection?", "How can I find the public directory of licensed breeders?" ], "issue_tags": [ "dog-breeding", "cat-breeding", "licensing", "animal-welfare", "facility-inspections", "record-keeping", "care-standards" ], "synonyms": [ "Dog or Cat Breeders Act", "Texas breeder licensing law", "animal breeding regulations", "breeder licensing requirements", "Texas dog and cat breeder statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "901", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 901. ACCOUNTANTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/901.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/901.json", "summary": "The Public Accountancy Act sets the rules for who can become a certified public accountant (CPA) in Texas, how they must be educated, examined, and licensed, and what they can call themselves. It also governs CPA firms, their licensing, and the Texas State Board of Public Accountancy that oversees exams, discipline, fees, and scholarships for accounting students. The law defines professional conduct, limits on titles, and the board’s powers to investigate, punish, or protect the public from improper accounting practices.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I become a certified public accountant in Texas?", "What education and exam requirements are needed for CPA certification?", "Do I need a license to practice public accounting, and how do I get one?", "Can a CPA firm operate in Texas without a firm license?", "What titles or abbreviations am I allowed to use as a CPA or accounting firm?", "What are the disciplinary actions the board can take against a CPA?", "How does the board handle complaints and investigations of accountants?", "What fees are required for CPA certification, licensing, and renewal?", "Are there scholarships available for accounting students in Texas?", "Can I transfer my CPA exam credits from another state to Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "public-accountancy", "cpa-licensing", "board-governance", "disciplinary-procedures", "exam-requirements", "firm-license", "professional-standards", "scholarships" ], "synonyms": [ "Public Accountancy Act", "Texas CPA law", "CPA regulation Texas", "Texas State Board of Public Accountancy rules", "Certified public accountant licensing statutes", "Accountancy practice statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "951", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 951. PREPAID LEGAL SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/OC/951.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/951.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up rules for prepaid legal services programs, where a nonprofit or other organization offers legal help to its members in exchange for a fee paid up front. It defines who can run such programs, how they must be approved by the State Bar’s board, what information must be given to participants, and how the board can revoke approval if requirements aren’t met. The board may also charge an application fee and require a fidelity bond to protect the prepaid money.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a prepaid legal services program?", "Which types of organizations can sponsor a prepaid legal services plan?", "How does an organization apply for State Bar approval to run a prepaid legal services program?", "What financial safeguards must a sponsoring organization provide for the prepaid money?", "What information must be given to members before they join a prepaid legal services program?", "Can a client choose any lawyer they want under a prepaid legal services plan?", "Is there a fee to apply for approval of a prepaid legal services program?", "How many pilot prepaid legal services programs are allowed for classroom teachers associations?", "What reasons can the State Bar use to revoke a prepaid legal services program’s approval?", "What must a sponsoring organization do with unspent prepaid funds if the program is revoked?", "How does this chapter differ from legal services that come with insurance policies?", "What role does the State Bar’s board of directors play in regulating prepaid legal services?" ], "issue_tags": [ "prepaid-legal-services", "program-approval", "state-bar-regulation", "nonprofit-legal-benefits", "fiduciary-bond", "program-revocation" ], "synonyms": [ "Prepaid Legal Services Act", "group legal services plan", "advance‑pay legal benefits", "prepaid law program", "prepaid attorney services", "prepaid legal aid program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "952", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 952. LAWYER REFERRAL SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/OC/952.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/952.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a certification system for lawyer referral services in Texas and sets the standards they must follow. It tells who can operate a service, what fees and advertising disclosures are allowed, how lawyers can join, and how complaints and enforcement are handled by the State Bar.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a certificate to operate a lawyer referral service in Texas?", "What kinds of organizations are exempt from needing a lawyer referral service certificate?", "How can a Texas lawyer become a member of a certified referral service?", "What advertising disclaimer must a lawyer referral service include?", "What fees can a referral service charge a client for the first 30 minutes of a meeting?", "What financial responsibility (like insurance) must a referral service have for its members?", "What types of specialty panels can a lawyer referral service create?", "How does the State Bar enforce the rules for lawyer referral services?", "What are the requirements for renewing a lawyer referral service certificate?", "What procedures must a referral service follow to suspend or remove a lawyer who mishandles referrals?", "Can the State Bar sue to stop a violation of the lawyer referral service rules?", "Are there limits on how much a lawyer can charge a client who was referred by a service?" ], "issue_tags": [ "lawyer-referral-service", "certification", "fee-limits", "state-bar-enforcement", "client-protection", "advertising-disclosure", "service-panels" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Lawyer Referral Service Quality Assurance Act", "lawyer referral service regulations", "lawyer referral certification rules", "Texas lawyer referral statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "953", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 953. REGULATION OF FOR-PROFIT LEGAL SERVICE CONTRACT COMPANIES", "url": "/statutes/OC/953.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/953.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for for‑profit companies that sell legal service contracts in Texas. It defines the parties involved, requires clear disclosures, outlines how contracts can be cancelled or voided, and prohibits misleading statements and interference with attorney independence. It also establishes requirements for administrators, contracting attorneys, and penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a for‑profit company sell a legal service contract in Texas?", "What must a legal service contract include to be valid?", "How do I cancel a legal service contract I purchased?", "When can a company void my legal service contract and get my money back?", "What qualifications do attorneys need to work with a legal service contract company?", "Can a legal service contract company use the word “insurance” in its name?", "What penalties apply if a company fails to refund a voided contract?", "Are nonprofit legal service providers subject to these rules?", "What disclosures must a sales representative give when selling a legal service contract?", "Is a company allowed to interfere with the attorney‑client relationship?" ], "issue_tags": [ "for-profit-legal-contracts", "contract-disclosures", "contract-cancellation", "attorney-requirements", "deceptive-trade-practice", "company-naming", "contract-voiding" ], "synonyms": [ "for‑profit legal service contract regulation", "legal service contract companies", "legal service contract rules", "Texas legal service contract statutes", "legal service contract company requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "954", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 954. LAND SERVICES FOR PETROLEUM, MINERAL, AND OTHER ENERGY SOURCES", "url": "/statutes/OC/954.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/954.json", "summary": "This chapter defines what counts as \"land services\" for oil, gas, minerals, and other energy resources in Texas. It lists the activities that are included—like negotiating rights, researching ownership, and handling title issues—and notes what is excluded, such as surface land transactions and residential mortgages. The chapter also says that providing these services isn’t considered practicing law unless the person claims to be an attorney.", "questions_answered": [ "What activities are considered land services for mineral and other energy rights?", "Can I negotiate mineral rights without being a licensed attorney?", "Does doing title research for mineral rights count as practicing law?", "What types of transactions are excluded from the land services definition?", "What does \"other energy source\" include under Texas law?", "Are residential mortgage title searches covered by land services?", "Do I need a law license to provide land services for oil and gas?", "What is the legal definition of \"mineral\" in Texas?", "Can I pool mineral interests as part of land services?", "Is a lease analyst function considered a land service?", "Does this chapter apply to surface land sales that don’t involve mineral rights?", "What are the exceptions to the practice‑of‑law rule for land services?" ], "issue_tags": [ "land-services", "mineral-rights", "energy-rights", "title-research", "practice-of-law", "texas-statutes" ], "synonyms": [ "Land services for petroleum and mineral rights", "Mineral and energy land services", "Texas land services definition", "Petroleum land services regulations", "Energy source land services", "Land services exemption from practice of law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1001", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1001. TEXAS BOARD OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS AND LAND SURVEYORS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1001.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1001.json", "summary": "Chapter 1001, known as the Texas Engineering Practice Act, sets up the Texas Board of Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors to license and oversee engineers and land surveyors. It defines who must be licensed, outlines exemptions, establishes rules for practice, continuing education, complaints, and disciplinary actions, and details how the board operates and enforces the law.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to practice engineering or land surveying in Texas?", "Can a business offer engineering services without being registered with the board?", "What types of work are exempt from the licensing requirements?", "How can I become a licensed professional engineer in Texas?", "What are the continuing education requirements for maintaining an engineering license?", "How does the board handle consumer complaints against engineers or surveyors?", "What penalties exist for practicing engineering without a license?", "Can an engineer also prepare architectural plans for a building?", "What is the process for renewing an expired engineering license?", "How can an out‑of‑state engineer obtain a Texas license without retaking the exam?" ], "issue_tags": [ "engineering-licensing", "board-governance", "exemptions", "disciplinary-actions", "continuing-education", "complaint-procedures", "professional-standards" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Engineering Practice Act", "Chapter 1001", "Texas Board of Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors", "engineering licensing law", "Texas engineering regulation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1002", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1002. GEOSCIENTISTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1002.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1002.json", "summary": "The Texas Geoscience Practice Act sets up the Texas Board of Professional Geoscientists to license and oversee geoscientists, define what public geoscience work requires a license, and establish rules for practice, complaints, and discipline. It outlines how to become licensed, how firms may offer geoscientific services, and the penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to practice geoscience for the public in Texas?", "What education and work experience are required to become a licensed geoscientist?", "Can a geoscientist perform engineering work without an engineering license?", "How does the board handle complaints against a geoscientist or a geoscience firm?", "What are the possible penalties for practicing geoscience without a license?", "How can a company register to offer public geoscientific services?", "What is the process for getting a temporary or reciprocal geoscience license?", "What training must board members complete before they can vote?", "How does the board decide on disciplinary actions like suspension or revocation?", "Can a geoscientist in training work under supervision before getting a full license?" ], "issue_tags": [ "geoscience-licensing", "professional-board", "disciplinary-procedures", "complaint-handling", "practice-regulation", "administrative-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Geoscience Practice Act", "Geoscientist licensing law", "Texas Board of Professional Geoscientists regulations", "Geoscience practice regulations", "Texas geoscientist act" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1051", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1051. TEXAS BOARD OF ARCHITECTURAL EXAMINERS; GENERAL PROVISIONS AFFECTING ARCHITECTS, LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS, AND INTERIOR DESIGNERS; PROVISIONS AFFECTING ONLY ARCHITECTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1051.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1051.json", "summary": "Chapter 1051 creates and governs the Texas Board of Architectural Examiners, which registers architects, landscape architects, and interior designers. It sets the rules for licensing, exams, fees, renewals, continuing education, complaints, and disciplinary actions, and outlines how the board operates and is overseen. The chapter also defines who may practice architecture, how seals are used, and what penalties apply for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need to be registered to work as an architect, landscape architect, or interior designer in Texas?", "How can I apply for the architect licensing exam and become a registered architect?", "What are the continuing education and renewal requirements for my architect license?", "How does the board handle complaints against architects or other registered professionals?", "What penalties can be imposed for practicing architecture without a license or for other violations?", "Can a firm that offers architectural services be required to register with the board?", "What are the rules for using an architect’s seal on drawings and specifications?", "How are members of the Texas Board of Architectural Examiners appointed and what are their duties?", "Are there fee exemptions or special rules for military personnel or other specific groups?", "Can an engineer be allowed to practice architecture under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "architect-registration", "board-governance", "disciplinary-procedures", "continuing-education", "fees", "complaint-handling", "exemptions" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Board of Architectural Examiners", "architect licensing", "architect registration", "Chapter 1051", "Occupations Code Chapter 1051", "Texas architecture regulation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1052", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1052. LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1052.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1052.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for who may call themselves a landscape architect in Texas. It requires a certificate of registration for most landscape‑architecture work, outlines exemptions, fees, the official seal, exam requirements, and disciplinary procedures. It also describes how businesses and volunteers may operate under the law and provides for emeritus status for senior practitioners.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a certificate of registration to call myself a landscape architect?", "Can I design a garden for a client without being a registered landscape architect?", "What types of work are exempt from the registration requirement?", "How can a business use the term \"landscape architect\" if it doesn’t have a registered architect on staff?", "What are the steps and fees to apply for a landscape architect registration in Texas?", "Do I have to put a seal on my landscape‑architecture drawings and specifications?", "What is emeritus status for a landscape architect and how do I qualify?", "What actions can the board take if a landscape architect violates the rules?", "Can a volunteer design a public park without a registration certificate?", "What are the grounds for disciplinary action against a landscape architect?", "Can a landscape architect from another state practice in Texas without a Texas certificate?" ], "issue_tags": [ "landscape-architecture", "licensing", "registration", "professional-standards", "disciplinary-action", "seal-requirements", "emeritus-status" ], "synonyms": [ "Landscape Architect Registration", "Texas Landscape Architecture Board", "Landscape Architecture Practice", "Landscape Architect Certification", "Landscape Design Licensing" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1053", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1053. INTERIOR DESIGNERS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1053.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1053.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for who must be registered as an interior designer in Texas and what they are allowed to do. It outlines the application process, fees, required seal, and limits on design work, as well as how the board can discipline or revoke a designer’s registration. It also provides for emeritus status for long‑time, senior designers.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a Texas registration to call myself an interior designer?", "Can an interior designer from another state work in Texas without a Texas license?", "What types of design work are interior designers prohibited from doing?", "How do I apply for registration as an interior designer in Texas?", "What fees must I pay to become or stay registered as an interior designer?", "What is the interior designer seal and how must I use it on my drawings?", "What are the grounds for disciplinary action against a Texas interior designer?", "How does the board handle revocation, suspension, or probation of a designer’s registration?", "What is emeritus status and how can a senior interior designer qualify for it?", "Can a non‑designer use or borrow an interior designer’s seal or certificate?", "How often is the interior design registration exam offered and what does it cover?", "What documentation is required when applying for registration or renewal?" ], "issue_tags": [ "interior-design", "licensing", "registration", "professional-standards", "disciplinary-action", "seal-requirements", "emeritus-status" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas interior designer registration", "interior design licensing", "interior designer certification", "interior design practice regulations", "interior designer board rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1071", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1071. LAND SURVEYORS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1071.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1071.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for who can practice land surveying in Texas, how they become registered or licensed, and what they must do to keep their credentials. It also tells how surveys must be performed, how businesses can offer surveying services, and what penalties apply for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a registered land surveyor to create a property boundary or subdivision map?", "What are the education and experience requirements to become a surveyor‑in‑training in Texas?", "How can I become a registered professional land surveyor or a licensed state land surveyor?", "What exams do I have to pass to get a land surveying license in Texas?", "Can a surveyor from another state practice in Texas, and what do they need to do?", "How often must I renew my land surveyor registration or license, and what continuing education is required?", "What are the rules for a surveying business or partnership to offer professional surveying services?", "What penalties could I face if I practice land surveying without a proper license?", "How do I apply for a court order to cross private land as a licensed surveyor?", "What is the process if my land surveyor license is suspended or revoked?", "Do I need a licensed land surveyor to file a field note or plat with the General Land Office?" ], "issue_tags": [ "land-surveying", "licensing", "registration", "professional-standards", "continuing-education", "business-entities", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Professional Land Surveying Practices Act", "Texas land surveyor licensing law", "Texas Board of Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors rules", "Texas land surveying regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1101", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1101. REAL ESTATE BROKERS AND SALES AGENTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1101.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1101.json", "summary": "The Real Estate License Act sets the rules for who can work as a real estate broker or sales agent in Texas, how they get licensed, stay educated, and renew their licenses. It creates the Texas Real Estate Commission to oversee licensing, handle complaints, enforce discipline, and manage a trust fund for consumer reimbursements. The law also defines prohibited practices, advertising limits, and the responsibilities of brokers, sales agents, and related business entities.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to act as a real estate broker or sales agent in Texas?", "What education and experience are required to become a licensed broker?", "How can I renew or reactivate my real estate license after it expires?", "Can a business entity obtain a real estate broker license, and what are the requirements?", "What are the rules for advertising and commissions for Texas real estate licensees?", "How does the Texas Real Estate Commission handle consumer complaints against brokers or agents?", "What is the real estate recovery trust account and how can I get reimbursed if harmed by a license holder?", "What disciplinary actions can the commission take against a broker or sales agent?", "What continuing education is required for license renewal?", "Can a broker act as an intermediary between buyer and seller, and what disclosures are needed?" ], "issue_tags": [ "real-estate-licensing", "broker-education", "license-renewal", "commission-discipline", "trust-account", "complaints", "advertising-restrictions", "business-entity" ], "synonyms": [ "Real Estate License Act", "Texas real estate licensing law", "Real estate broker and sales agent regulations", "Texas Real Estate Commission rules", "Real estate licensing statutes", "Real estate broker law", "Real estate sales agent act" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1102", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1102. REAL ESTATE INSPECTORS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1102.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1102.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up the Texas Real Estate Commission’s rules for licensing, training, and supervising real estate inspectors, including apprentices, inspectors, and professional inspectors. It outlines the education, experience, exam, fee, insurance or bond, and continuing‑education requirements, and it defines prohibited conduct and disciplinary actions to protect the public.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I become a licensed real estate inspector in Texas?", "What are the requirements to get an apprentice inspector license?", "What experience and coursework are needed for a professional inspector license?", "How often must I renew my real estate inspector license and what continuing education is required?", "Do I need liability insurance or a bond to work as a Texas home inspector?", "Can I practice as a home inspector without a license, and what are the penalties if I do?", "What forms and standards must I use when preparing inspection reports?", "How does the Texas Real Estate Commission enforce rules and discipline inspectors?", "Is there a way to get a license waiver if I’m already licensed in another state?", "What are the fees for applying, renewing, or taking the inspection exam?", "Can I sponsor an apprentice inspector, and what qualifications must I have?", "What actions are considered prohibited or unethical for a real estate inspector?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-real-estate-inspection", "licensing-requirements", "continuing-education", "professional-standards", "disciplinary-actions", "insurance-bond", "exam-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Real Estate Inspector Act", "Real Estate Inspection Licensing", "Texas Home Inspection Regulations", "Chapter 1102", "Real Estate Inspector Code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1103", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1103. REAL ESTATE APPRAISERS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1103.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1103.json", "summary": "This chapter creates the Texas Appraiser Licensing and Certification Board and sets the rules for who can work as a real estate appraiser in the state. It outlines how to get licensed or certified, the education, experience, and exam requirements, and how to keep a license current. It also describes the board’s powers to investigate complaints, hold hearings, and impose penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license or certification to appraise real estate in Texas?", "How can I become a certified or licensed real estate appraiser in Texas?", "What education, experience, and exam requirements must I meet to get an appraisal license?", "How do I renew my appraisal certificate or license and what continuing education is required?", "What are the penalties for appraising property without the proper Texas license?", "How does the Texas Appraiser Licensing and Certification Board handle complaints and disciplinary actions?", "Can an appraiser licensed in another state work in Texas, and what registration is required?", "What is a probationary appraisal license and when is it used?", "What are the rules for appraiser trainees and supervisory appraisers?", "How are contested case hearings and appeals conducted for appraisal license violations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "real-estate-appraisal", "licensing", "certification", "disciplinary-proceedings", "continuing-education", "out-of-state-registration", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Appraiser Licensing and Certification Act", "Appraiser Licensing and Certification Board", "real estate appraiser regulation", "appraisal licensing law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1104", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1104. APPRAISAL MANAGEMENT COMPANIES", "url": "/statutes/OC/1104.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1104.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a registration system for Texas appraisal management companies and sets rules they must follow when handling residential property appraisals. It defines who must register, what fees and record‑keeping are required, and outlines prohibited practices and disciplinary actions. The board oversees compliance, can impose penalties, and provides a process for complaints and appeals.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need to register my appraisal management company in Texas?", "What activities are considered prohibited for an appraisal management company?", "How can I appeal a disciplinary decision or penalty from the board?", "What fees are required for registration and renewal of an appraisal management company?", "What records must I keep and for how long as an appraisal management company?", "Are there any exemptions for financial institutions or small appraisal firms?", "What penalties apply if I operate without the required registration?", "How does the board enforce compliance and investigate complaints?", "What disclosures must I provide to clients and appraisers about fees and registration numbers?", "How long does a registration last and when does it need to be renewed?" ], "issue_tags": [ "appraisal-management", "registration", "compliance", "penalties", "professional-standards", "real-estate" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Appraisal Management Company Registration and Regulation Act", "Appraisal Management Company Act", "AMCR Act", "Appraisal management services law", "Appraisal management company regulation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1105", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1105. SELF-DIRECTED AND SEMI-INDEPENDENT STATUS OF TEXAS REAL ESTATE COMMISSION", "url": "/statutes/OC/1105.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1105.json", "summary": "This chapter declares that the Texas Real Estate Commission and the Texas Appraiser Licensing and Certification Board operate as self‑directed, semi‑independent agencies. It requires each to adopt its own budget, set its own fees, keep detailed financial records, report to the legislature, and handle contracts, property, and lawsuits while limiting state liability.", "questions_answered": [ "How does the Texas Real Estate Commission set its budget and fees?", "Can the commission and the appraiser board own or lease property?", "What financial reports must the commission give to the legislature each year?", "Who is responsible for auditing the commission’s finances?", "What happens to the commission’s debts or assets if it loses its semi‑independent status?", "Are the commission’s employees part of the state retirement system?", "Can the commission enter contracts without needing state approval?", "Who represents the commission in court cases?", "When must the commission send money to the general revenue fund?", "Are the commission and board considered government bodies for open‑government rules?", "What limits exist on the state’s liability for the commission’s obligations?", "How does the commission handle administrative hearings?" ], "issue_tags": [ "self-directed-agency", "budgeting", "fee-setting", "financial-reporting", "contracts", "state-liability", "retirement-system" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Real Estate Commission autonomy", "TREC semi‑independent status", "Texas Appraiser Board independence", "agency self‑direction", "commission self‑governance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1151", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1151. PROPERTY TAX PROFESSIONALS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1151.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1151.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a licensing system for Texas property tax professionals—appraisers, assessors, and collectors. It sets rules for registration, certification levels, continuing education, fees, and a public advisory board, and gives the state authority to enforce standards and handle complaints.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need to register with the state to work as a property tax appraiser, assessor, or collector in Texas?", "What are the eligibility requirements to become a registered professional appraiser or assessor in Texas?", "How often must I renew my registration and what fees are required?", "What continuing education courses must I complete to keep my certification, especially as a chief appraiser?", "Can I receive a registration waiver if I already hold a similar license from another state?", "What are the rules for who can serve on the Texas Tax Professional Advisory Board?", "What ethical standards and code of conduct must I follow as a property tax professional?", "How does the state investigate and discipline a property tax professional who violates the rules?", "What is the process for filing a complaint against a property tax professional?", "Can a public member of the advisory board work for a trade association related to property tax?", "What are the certification timelines for appraisers, assessors, and collectors after registration?", "How are fees for examinations and continuing education determined and who approves them?" ], "issue_tags": [ "property-tax-professionals", "registration", "certification", "ethics", "advisory-board", "continuing-education", "enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "Property Taxation Professional Certification Act", "Texas property tax professional licensing", "Texas appraiser/assessor/collector certification", "Texas Tax Professional Advisory Board regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1152", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1152. PROPERTY TAX CONSULTANTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1152.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1152.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up the licensing system for Texas property tax consultants, defining who must register, what services are covered, and the education and exam requirements. It lists who is exempt, creates a advisory board to develop standards and fees, and outlines prohibited conduct and penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need to be registered to provide property tax consulting services in Texas?", "What activities count as property tax consulting services?", "Who is exempt from the registration requirement for property tax consultants?", "How can I become a registered property tax consultant or senior property tax consultant?", "What education and exam requirements must I meet to get a property tax consultant certificate?", "Can I work as a property tax consultant if I am a lawyer or a CPA?", "What are the rules for senior property tax consultants supervising other consultants?", "Am I allowed to advertise my property tax consulting services online or guarantee a specific outcome?", "What penalties can the state impose if I violate the property tax consultant rules?", "Do I need to be associated with a senior property tax consultant or an attorney to practice?" ], "issue_tags": [ "property-tax-consultant", "registration", "exemptions", "education", "ethics", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "property tax consultant licensing", "Texas property tax consulting regulation", "property tax advisory services rules", "property tax consultant registration", "property tax consultant board" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1201", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1201. MANUFACTURED HOUSING", "url": "/statutes/OC/1201.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1201.json", "summary": "The Texas Manufactured Housing Standards Act sets rules for building, selling, installing, and financing manufactured homes. It requires licenses for manufacturers, retailers, brokers, installers and salespeople, and creates consumer protections like warranties, a right of rescission, and a claims program. The law also governs how ownership is recorded, how liens are handled, and how local governments may regulate installations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to sell or install a manufactured home in Texas?", "Can I sell a used manufactured home without a license?", "What is the consumer’s three‑day right to rescind a manufactured home purchase?", "How do I get a statement of ownership for my manufactured home?", "What information must be disclosed in a formaldehyde health notice?", "What are the requirements for a manufacturer’s warranty on a new HUD‑code home?", "Can a municipality prohibit the installation of a mobile home in its limits?", "How are liens recorded and released on a manufactured home?", "What fees are required for licensing and for filing a statement of ownership?", "How does the consumer claims program compensate me if a licensed dealer violates the law?", "Can I waive the right of rescission if I have an emergency need for a home?", "What penalties apply if a retailer keeps my deposit or fails to provide a warranty?" ], "issue_tags": [ "manufactured-housing", "licensing", "consumer-protection", "warranties", "ownership-records", "installation", "liens", "enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Manufactured Housing Standards Act", "Manufactured Housing Act", "HUD‑code home regulations", "Texas manufactured home law", "Manufactured home licensing rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1202", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1202. INDUSTRIALIZED HOUSING AND BUILDINGS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1202.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1202.json", "summary": "This chapter defines and regulates industrialized (modular) housing and commercial buildings in Texas. It creates a council to set standards, requires registration, design review, inspections, and decals to show compliance, and outlines municipal authority and penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "What is industrialized housing and how does it differ from other types of homes?", "Do I need to register my modular home or building company with the state?", "What inspections are required for a prefabricated home or commercial building?", "Who reviews and approves the design plans for modular housing?", "What building codes must modular homes follow in Texas?", "Can a city impose additional requirements on a modular house?", "What fees are charged for registering and inspecting industrialized housing?", "What penalties exist if a builder violates the industrialized building rules?", "How are decals or insignia used on modular components to show compliance?", "What is the Texas Industrialized Building Code Council and what does it do?" ], "issue_tags": [ "industrialized-housing", "modular-buildings", "registration", "inspections", "building-codes", "municipal-regulation", "enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "prefabricated housing", "modular homes", "factory-built homes", "industrialized building", "manufactured housing", "relocatable educational facility" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1301", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1301. PLUMBERS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1301.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1301.json", "summary": "The Plumbing License Law sets up the Texas State Board of Plumbing Examiners, defines who must be licensed to do plumbing work, and outlines the different licenses, registrations, and endorsements for plumbers, inspectors, and specialists. It also details how to apply for, renew, and discipline licenses, including continuing education, fees, and penalties. The chapter lists exemptions for certain property owners and other professionals, and it governs complaints, inspections, and enforcement actions.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a plumbing license to do work on my own home in Texas?", "What are the requirements to become a journeyman or master plumber in Texas?", "Can a property owner perform plumbing work without a license?", "What endorsements are required to install fire sprinkler systems or medical gas piping?", "How do I renew my plumbing license and what continuing education is required?", "What are the penalties if I work without a proper plumbing license?", "How can I file a complaint against a plumber or plumbing company?", "What exemptions exist for plumbers working for utilities, irrigation, or railroads?", "How does the Texas State Board of Plumbing Examiners handle disciplinary actions?", "Can I transfer my plumbing license number to a family member?" ], "issue_tags": [ "plumbing-licensing", "board-governance", "licensing-exemptions", "continuing-education", "disciplinary-procedures", "endorsements", "municipal-permits" ], "synonyms": [ "Plumbing License Law", "Texas Plumbing Regulations", "Plumbing Licensing Act", "Texas State Board of Plumbing Examiners rules", "Plumbers' licensing statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1302", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1302. AIR CONDITIONING AND REFRIGERATION CONTRACTORS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1302.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1302.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up the licensing system for anyone who designs, installs, repairs, or maintains air conditioning and refrigeration systems in Texas. It defines who must be licensed, the types of licenses and endorsements, the experience and education needed, fees, insurance, and how the state and local governments enforce the rules. It also covers exemptions, technician registration and certification, and penalties for unlicensed work.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a state license to work on an air conditioning or refrigeration system for a customer?", "What is the difference between a Class A and a Class B air conditioning and refrigeration contractor license?", "Can a homeowner perform AC or refrigeration repairs on their own residence without a license?", "What experience or education is required to apply for a contractor license?", "How can I become a registered or certified air conditioning and refrigeration technician?", "Are there exemptions for maintenance employees, utility workers, or engineers who work on HVAC systems?", "What insurance is required for a licensed contractor, and can it be waived?", "Do municipalities require a separate license in addition to the state license?", "What are the penalties if I work on HVAC equipment without the proper license?", "Can a student in a training program work as a technician while still in school?", "How does the advisory board influence licensing rules and fees?", "What is the process for renewing or temporarily suspending a contractor or technician license?" ], "issue_tags": [ "air-conditioning-licensing", "refrigeration-contractors", "technician-certification", "licensing-exemptions", "municipal-regulation", "disciplinary-actions", "apprenticeship-programs" ], "synonyms": [ "Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Contractor License Law", "Texas AC/R licensing law", "HVAC contractor licensing Texas", "Air conditioning and refrigeration licensing statute", "Texas HVAC licensing chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1304", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1304. SERVICE CONTRACT PROVIDERS AND ADMINISTRATORS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1304.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1304.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for companies that sell and manage service contracts in Texas. It defines what a service contract is, requires providers and administrators to register, maintain financial security, and give clear disclosures to consumers. It also outlines consumer rights to cancel contracts, the information providers must keep, and the penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need to register my company if I sell service contracts in Texas?", "What information must be included in a service contract for consumers?", "Can I cancel a service contract after buying it, and what refunds am I entitled to?", "What financial security (insurance or reserve funds) must a service contract provider maintain?", "Are standard warranties or maintenance agreements covered by this law?", "What are the penalties if a provider or seller violates the service contract rules?", "Can a dealer require a service contract as a condition for a loan or vehicle purchase?", "What records must a service contract provider keep and for how long?", "What is a reimbursement insurance policy and when is it required?", "What special rules apply to residential service contracts?", "Can a provider change the name of their business to include words like 'insurance'?", "What actions can the Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation take against non‑compliant providers?" ], "issue_tags": [ "service-contracts", "registration", "financial-security", "consumer-disclosures", "cancellation-rights", "penalties", "recordkeeping" ], "synonyms": [ "Service Contract Regulatory Act", "Texas service contract law", "service contract provider regulations", "service contract administration statutes", "service contract rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1305", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1305. ELECTRICIANS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1305.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1305.json", "summary": "The Texas Electrical Safety and Licensing Act sets up the rules for who can do electrical work in the state. It defines the different types of electricians, the training and exam requirements for each license, and the fees and renewal process. The law also lists many situations where a license isn’t needed, describes how the state can enforce the rules, and allows local governments to add their own requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to perform electrical work or install a residential appliance in Texas?", "What are the different electrician license categories and what work can each one do?", "How many hours of on‑the‑job training are required for a master electrician or journeyman license?", "Can I get an electrician license if I have military training or a license from another state?", "What exemptions apply for homeowners, utility workers, or certain industrial settings?", "How do I apply for, renew, or replace a Texas electrician license?", "What penalties exist for working without a license or for violating licensing rules?", "Can a city or region require its own electrician license or inspections?", "What is the process for obtaining an emergency electrician license after a disaster?", "Do I need a license to install or service pool‑related electrical devices?" ], "issue_tags": [ "electrical-licensing", "electrician-licenses", "licensing-requirements", "exemptions", "license-renewal", "enforcement", "apprenticeship" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Electrical Safety and Licensing Act", "Electrical Licensing Act", "Texas electrician licensing law", "Electrical contractor licensing statutes", "Electrical work licensing rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1603", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1603. REGULATION OF BARBERING AND COSMETOLOGY", "url": "/statutes/OC/1603.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1603.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for who can practice barbering and cosmetology in Texas, what services are covered, and how individuals, businesses, and schools must be licensed. It also outlines the duties of the licensing board, inspection standards, exam requirements, renewal processes, and consumer protection measures.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to cut hair or provide other barbering services in Texas?", "What specific services are considered barbering or cosmetology under Texas law?", "Can I offer hair braiding, threading, or wig servicing without a license?", "How do I apply for a barber or cosmetology license, and what are the eligibility requirements?", "What are the requirements for opening or operating a barber shop or cosmetology salon?", "What rules apply to barbering and cosmetology schools, including curriculum and instructor ratios?", "Can I perform barbering or cosmetology services at a client’s home or at a special event?", "What are the rules for offering barbering or cosmetology services through a remote digital platform?", "What sanitation and sterilization standards must be followed for nail and other instruments?", "How often must my license be renewed and what continuing education is required?", "What penalties exist for practicing without a license or violating the chapter’s rules?", "Can I transfer an out‑of‑state barber or cosmetology license to Texas, and how?" ], "issue_tags": [ "barbering", "cosmetology", "licensing", "inspections", "education", "remote-services", "sanitation", "renewal" ], "synonyms": [ "Barber and Cosmetology Regulation", "Texas Barbering and Cosmetology Act", "Barbering and Cosmetology licensing rules", "Barber/cosmetology statutes", "Occupations Code Chapter 1603", "Barbering and Cosmetology Code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1701", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1701. LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1701.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1701.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up the Texas Commission on Law Enforcement to oversee licensing, training, and standards for police officers, county jailers, school marshals, telecommunicators, and related roles. It details how licenses are issued, renewed, and revoked, and outlines required training, continuing education, and disciplinary processes. The commission also manages complaints, public information, and special programs like emergency epinephrine administration.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I apply for a police officer license in Texas?", "What training and education do I need to become a certified school marshal?", "What are the continuing education requirements for Texas peace officers?", "Can a retired officer reactivate their license and how?", "What disqualifies someone from getting a law enforcement license?", "How does the commission handle complaints against officers or jailers?", "What are the firearms proficiency rules for officers and county jailers?", "How are telecommunicators licensed and what training do they need?", "What is a provisional license and when can an agency request one?", "What training is required for active shooter response and de‑escalation?", "How can law enforcement officers obtain certification to administer epinephrine?", "What is the process for reporting misconduct or misconduct investigations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "law-enforcement-licensing", "training-standards", "commission-governance", "disciplinary-procedures", "continuing-education", "school-safety", "epinephrine-administration" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Law Enforcement Officer Standards and Education", "Texas Commission on Law Enforcement", "Officer Licensing Chapter", "Law Enforcement Standards Chapter", "Police Licensing Statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1702", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1702. PRIVATE SECURITY", "url": "/statutes/OC/1702.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1702.json", "summary": "The Private Security Act sets up a licensing system for companies and individuals who provide security, alarm, and investigative services in Texas. It defines who needs a license, what training and background checks are required, and how the Department of Public Safety oversees compliance. The law also establishes rules for firearms, insurance, advertising, and disciplinary actions.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I get a license to work as a security guard in Texas?", "What are the requirements for a personal protection officer license?", "Do I need a license to install or service alarm systems?", "What training is required for a commissioned security officer?", "Can I carry a firearm as a security officer and what are the rules?", "What insurance and bond coverage do I need for my security business?", "How do I apply for a company license for an investigations or guard company?", "What are the background check and fingerprint requirements for a security license?", "Can a political subdivision hire security officers without a state license?", "What are the penalties for operating without the proper security license?", "How does the Texas Private Security Advisory Committee affect my business?", "Are there exemptions for locksmiths, armored car services, or telematics providers?" ], "issue_tags": [ "private-security", "licensing", "training", "firearms", "alarm-systems", "investigations", "compliance" ], "synonyms": [ "Private Security Act", "Texas Private Security regulations", "DPS private security rules", "Security services licensing", "Texas security licensing framework" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1704", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1704. REGULATION OF BAIL BOND SURETIES", "url": "/statutes/OC/1704.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1704.json", "summary": "Chapter 1704 creates and governs county bail bond boards that oversee the licensing and regulation of bail bond sureties in Texas. It sets the requirements for obtaining and renewing a bail bond license, including security deposits, background checks, and record‑keeping. The chapter also defines the board’s powers to adopt rules, conduct hearings, enforce compliance, and impose disciplinary actions. It outlines prohibited conduct for bail bond sureties, such as improper solicitation and advertising, and provides procedures for appeals and enforcement.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to act as a bail bond surety in Texas?", "How is a county bail bond board formed and who serves on it?", "What are the security deposit or property‑in‑trust requirements for a bail bond license?", "What limits apply to the total amount of bail a surety can issue in a county?", "How can a bail bond surety’s license be suspended or revoked for violations?", "What rules govern advertising and solicitation by bail bond sureties?", "Can an attorney act as a bail bond surety without a separate license?", "What records must a bail bond surety keep for each bond they issue?", "How does the renewal process for a bail bond license work?", "What prohibited activities could lead to criminal penalties for a bail bond surety?", "What is the process for appealing a board’s decision to deny or suspend a license?", "When must a bail bond surety return a client’s security and how is it handled?" ], "issue_tags": [ "bail-bond-licensing", "county-bail-board", "security-requirements", "bond-limits", "prohibited-conduct", "license-renewal", "board-procedures" ], "synonyms": [ "Bail bond surety regulation", "County bail bond board rules", "Texas bail bond licensing statutes", "Bail bond surety licensing chapter", "Regulation of bail bond businesses" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1801", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1801. COMMISSION MERCHANTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1801.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1801.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for people who sell goods on consignment for a commission. It requires them to post a $3,000 bond, keep detailed records of the goods, provide itemized sale statements, and send the proceeds to the consignor promptly. It also outlines licensing needs, limits on charges, and penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need to post a bond to work as a commission merchant?", "How much money must the bond be and how is it filed?", "What written information must I give the consignor about the goods I receive?", "When must I send the sale proceeds to the consignor after a consignment is sold?", "What details must be included in the itemized account I send to the consignor?", "Can I charge for services like mending or storage if I didn’t actually do the work?", "What penalty applies if I sell consigned goods without having filed the required bond?", "Do I need a written license from the owner before I buy or reserve interest in consigned goods?", "What happens if my bond drops below $1,500?", "How long does the carrier have to keep the receipt for the consigned goods?", "What can a consignor do if I fail to follow my duties under this chapter?", "Who approves the bond and where is it recorded?" ], "issue_tags": [ "commission-merchant", "bond-requirements", "consignment-records", "sales-accounting", "penalties", "licensing", "false-charges" ], "synonyms": [ "commission merchant regulations", "consignment seller rules", "bonded commission merchant statutes", "commission-based sales law", "consignment merchant obligations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1802", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1802. AUCTIONEERS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1802.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1802.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for anyone who wants to work as an auctioneer or associate auctioneer in Texas. It defines key terms, lists who must be licensed, describes the licensing process, and outlines exemptions. It also creates an advisory board, establishes practice standards, a fund for consumer claims, and details how complaints and disciplinary actions are handled, including criminal penalties for unlicensed activity.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to work as an auctioneer or associate auctioneer in Texas?", "What are the education, exam, and experience requirements to become a licensed auctioneer?", "Can a nonprofit, charitable, or religious organization hold an auction without a license?", "What types of sales are excluded from the auctioneer licensing rules?", "How does the auctioneer education and recovery fund work and who can claim from it?", "What is the process for filing a consumer complaint against an auctioneer?", "What disciplinary actions can the commission take against an auctioneer for violations?", "What are the penalties for practicing as an auctioneer without a license?", "What are the rules for associate auctioneers and how are they supervised?", "What written contract requirements must an auctioneer follow with clients?", "What is the role of the Auctioneer Advisory Board and how are its members chosen?", "Are online or internet auctions covered by this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "auctioneers", "licensing", "complaints", "disciplinary-action", "fund", "advisory-board", "practice-standards" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Auctioneer Licensing Act", "Auctioneer Regulation Chapter", "Auctioneer Code", "Texas Auction Law", "Chapter 1802 Auctioneers" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1803", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1803. SOLICITATION FOR PUBLIC SAFETY ORGANIZATIONS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1803.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1803.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for nonprofit groups that claim to support police, fire, EMS, or other public safety personnel when they ask for donations, memberships, advertising, or ticket sales. It requires those groups and any solicitors they hire to register with the Secretary of State, pay fees, post a bond, and give clear disclosures to donors. It also limits how they can use public‑safety titles, symbols, and representations, and outlines enforcement and penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to register my organization if I use the word 'police' or 'firefighter' in its name before soliciting donations?", "What fees must a public safety organization pay to register for fundraising activities?", "Is a bond required for someone who works as a solicitor for a fire department fundraiser, and how much is it?", "What information must I disclose to donors when I solicit contributions for a police support group?", "Can a city ordinance that regulates police fundraisers be overridden by this state chapter?", "What are the penalties if I misrepresent a public safety fundraiser or use police symbols without permission?", "How can I verify whether a public safety solicitor is properly registered and bonded?", "Are volunteer firefighter groups exempt from the registration fee if they only solicit within their jurisdiction?", "What practices are prohibited when soliciting for a public safety organization?", "What is the required bond amount for a public safety solicitor and who holds it?" ], "issue_tags": [ "public-safety-fundraising", "solicitation-registration", "disclosure-requirements", "bond-requirements", "penalties", "nonprofit-compliance" ], "synonyms": [ "public safety solicitation law", "law on fundraising for police and fire groups", "public safety organization registration rules", "solicitation regulations for police and fire charities", "public safety fundraiser compliance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1804", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1804. SOLICITATION FOR VETERANS ORGANIZATIONS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1804.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1804.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for Texas veterans organizations and the paid solicitors they hire to ask for money or memberships. It requires registration, bonding, regular financial reporting, and clear disclosures, and it creates penalties for violations. A state‑run hotline lets the public verify organizations or report problems.", "questions_answered": [ "Do veterans charities have to register before they can solicit donations in Texas?", "What bond amount must a veterans organization or its fundraiser post?", "How often must a veterans organization file financial reports with the state?", "What information must a fundraiser disclose when asking for contributions?", "Can a veteran fundraiser solicit in counties that the organization does not serve?", "What are the penalties for making false statements in a veterans charity solicitation?", "Is there a hotline to check the legitimacy of a veterans organization or its solicitor?", "Can a local city ordinance override the state rules for veterans organization solicitation?", "What fees are required to register a veterans organization solicitor?", "What percentage of members must be veterans for an organization to use a solicitor?", "What happens if a solicitor violates the solicitation rules?", "How can I report suspected fraud by a veterans organization or its fundraiser?" ], "issue_tags": [ "veterans-charity", "solicitation-regulation", "registration-bond", "reporting-requirements", "consumer-protection", "penalties", "hotline" ], "synonyms": [ "Veterans organization solicitation rules", "Veterans charity fundraising regulations", "Texas veterans nonprofit solicitation law", "Veterans organization solicitor requirements", "Veterans fundraising compliance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1805", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1805. SALE OF SECONDHAND BUSINESS MACHINES", "url": "/statutes/OC/1805.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1805.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for anyone who buys, sells, trades, or auctions used business machines such as calculators, cash registers, computers, and typewriters. Dealers must report each purchase, keep detailed records, and cannot handle machines with altered serial numbers. Special procedures apply for sales to minors, temporary business locations, and for disposing of reported machines. Violating these rules can result in a misdemeanor charge.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to file a report when I buy a used computer to resell it?", "What information must I keep when I accept a used cash register on consignment?", "How soon must I submit a report after receiving a secondhand business machine?", "Can I sell a used typewriter that was purchased from someone under 18 without a parent’s consent?", "What do I need to do if I discover a machine’s serial number has been tampered with?", "Are there special registration requirements for operating a secondhand dealer from a temporary location?", "When can I legally dispose of a machine after filing the required report?", "What records do I need to provide to police if they request them?", "What penalties apply if I fail to file the required reports or retain the required documents?", "Do I need to notify the chief of police or sheriff when I receive a used business machine?", "Are there exemptions for dealers who acquire machines from other dealers who already reported them?", "Can a nonprofit organization sell used business machines without being treated as a regular secondhand dealer?" ], "issue_tags": [ "secondhand-dealers", "business-machines", "reporting-requirements", "serial-number-tampering", "minor-sales", "misdemeanor-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "used business equipment regulations", "secondhand business machine reporting", "used office equipment dealer rules", "secondhand dealer compliance", "business machine resale statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1806", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1806. RESIDENTIAL SOLAR RETAILERS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1806.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1806.json", "summary": "This Texas law sets up rules for anyone selling or leasing residential solar panels. It requires solar retailers and their salespeople to register, carry insurance, provide consumer disclosures, and include specific terms in contracts, including a five‑day cancellation right. The law also outlines how the state can enforce these rules and penalize violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to register as a solar retailer or salesperson to sell residential solar panels in Texas?", "What insurance and licensing requirements apply to a solar retailer?", "What consumer disclosures must a solar salesperson provide when offering a solar system?", "What contract language is required for installing a residential solar system?", "Can a homeowner cancel a solar purchase or lease agreement, and how long do they have to do it?", "Are electrical contractors exempt from the solar retailer registration rules?", "What penalties can the state impose for false or deceptive statements in solar sales?", "What continuing education is required for solar salespeople to renew their registration?", "How does the law protect seniors if they are harmed by a solar sales violation?", "What steps must a solar retailer take if a salesperson violates the rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "residential-solar", "registration", "consumer-disclosures", "contract-cancellation", "licensing", "penalties", "education" ], "synonyms": [ "Residential Solar Retailer Regulatory Act", "Texas solar retailer law", "solar sales regulation", "residential solar sales rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1901", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1901. WATER WELL DRILLERS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1901.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1901.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a licensing system for anyone who drills water, injection, dewatering, or monitoring wells in Texas. It defines who must be licensed, how to apply, the duties of licensed drillers, required record‑keeping, and the penalties for unlicensed or improper work. It also establishes an advisory board to oversee the program and outlines enforcement by the state and groundwater districts.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to drill a water well in Texas?", "How can I apply for a water well driller license and what fees are required?", "What types of wells (water, injection, dewatering, monitoring) require a license?", "Can a well‑drilling license be transferred or sold to someone else?", "What records must I keep after drilling a well, and how do I submit them?", "What are the penalties if I drill a well without a license or fail to follow the rules?", "Are there any exemptions for dewatering wells used in road or bridge projects?", "What is the role of the Texas Water Well Drillers Advisory Board?", "How are abandoned or deteriorated wells supposed to be plugged and reported?", "Can I get a waiver if I already hold a well‑drilling license from another state?" ], "issue_tags": [ "water-well-licensing", "well-drilling-regulation", "groundwater-protection", "licensing-board", "well-plugging", "civil-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas water well driller licensing", "water well drilling regulations", "well driller licensing program", "Texas well drilling statutes", "water well driller rules", "Texas water well licensing code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1902", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1902. WATER WELL PUMP INSTALLERS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1902.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1902.json", "summary": "This chapter establishes a licensing system for anyone who installs or repairs water well pumps in Texas, defining who must be licensed, how to apply, the required exam, fees, and license duration. It also sets standards for safe installation, mandates notification of contaminated or abandoned wells, and outlines civil penalties and enforcement actions for violations. Certain activities, like personal use on one's own property or dewatering for public projects, are exempt, and a license does not shield a person from legal liability.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to install or repair a well pump in Texas?", "How can I become a licensed water well pump installer?", "What information and fees are required on a license application?", "How long does a well pump installer license stay valid?", "Can I transfer or assign my well pump installer license to someone else?", "What penalties apply if I work without a license or violate the rules?", "Are there exemptions for installing pumps on my own property or for dewatering projects?", "What exam content is required to prove I can install pumps safely?", "Is there a waiver if I already hold a similar license in another state?", "What must I do if I encounter contaminated water while installing a pump?", "How do I replace a lost or destroyed well pump installer license?" ], "issue_tags": [ "water-well-pump-installation", "licensing", "penalties", "exemptions", "training-exam", "contamination-notice" ], "synonyms": [ "water well pump installer licensing", "Texas well pump installer regulations", "well pump installation licensing", "water well pump repair licensing", "Texas water well pump installer rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1903", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1903. IRRIGATORS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1903.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1903.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a licensing system for anyone who sells, designs, installs, maintains, alters, repairs, or inspects irrigation systems in Texas. It lists who must be licensed, who is exempt, sets standards for design and water conservation, establishes an advisory council, and defines penalties for unlicensed work.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a state license to install a residential sprinkler system?", "What types of irrigation work are exempt from licensing requirements?", "Can a licensed plumber or engineer avoid the irrigator license?", "What activities require a license under this chapter?", "What are the penalties for installing an irrigation system without a license?", "How does the state set design and water‑conservation standards for irrigation systems?", "Who serves on the Irrigator Advisory Council and how are they chosen?", "Can I get a Texas irrigation license based on a license from another state?", "Are landscape architects required to take an exam for irrigation licensing?", "What conflicts of interest are prohibited for public members of the council?" ], "issue_tags": [ "irrigation-licensing", "water-conservation", "professional-exemptions", "licensing-penalties", "advisory-council", "reciprocal-licensing" ], "synonyms": [ "irrigator licensing", "Texas irrigation regulations", "irrigation system licensing", "irrigation contractor rules", "water sprinkler licensing" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1904", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1904. WATER TREATMENT SPECIALISTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1904.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1904.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a state‑run certification program for people who install, service, or repair water‑treatment equipment in Texas. It requires anyone doing that work to be certified by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, sets standards, fees, and application steps, and lists who is exempt. The law also defines what counts as water‑treatment work and equipment.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a certificate to install a water filter in my home?", "What is a water treatment specialist and what do they do?", "How can I become certified to work on water‑treatment equipment in Texas?", "What are the fees for getting a water‑treatment certification?", "Are plumbers or other licensed tradespeople exempt from this certification?", "Can an employee of a factory install or service water‑treatment equipment without a certificate?", "What types of water‑treatment work require a state certificate?", "How long does a water‑treatment certification last before it needs renewal?", "What is the application process for the water‑treatment specialist program?", "Are there different classes or levels of water‑treatment certification?", "What equipment is covered by the water‑treatment specialist rules?", "Which agency oversees water‑treatment certification in Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "water-treatment", "certification", "texas-environment", "licensing", "public-health", "equipment-installation" ], "synonyms": [ "water treatment specialist certification", "Texas water treatment licensing", "water treatment specialist program", "water purification certification", "water equipment installer certification" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1951", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1951. STRUCTURAL PEST CONTROL", "url": "/statutes/OC/1951.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1951.json", "summary": "The Texas Structural Pest Control Act sets up a state‑run system that licenses and regulates anyone who provides pest‑control services for buildings. It defines who must be licensed, what training and insurance are required, how inspections, complaints, and enforcement are handled, and lists many exemptions for homeowners, beekeepers, falconers, and others. The law also creates an advisory committee to guide rules, standards, and public information.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to perform pest control work in a building or on a property I own?", "What are the requirements to become a certified commercial or non‑commercial pest control applicator in Texas?", "Are there any exemptions that let me use pesticides on my own home without a license?", "Can a city or county create its own rules about pesticide sales or use?", "What insurance coverage must a pest control business carry to get a license?", "What training and continuing‑education must a pest control technician complete?", "How must a pest control company notify residents before applying pesticides indoors?", "What is the process for filing a complaint against a pest control service provider?", "What penalties can the state impose for misapplying pesticides or violating the act?", "What role does the Structural Pest Control Advisory Committee play in setting rules and standards?" ], "issue_tags": [ "structural-pest-control", "licensing", "exemptions", "training", "complaints", "enforcement", "insurance" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Structural Pest Control Act", "Chapter 1951", "Structural Pest Control Code", "Texas pest control regulations", "Texas pest control licensing law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1952", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1952. CODE ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1952.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1952.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a state‑wide system for registering and regulating code enforcement officers in Texas. It defines who must be registered, sets out the education, experience, and testing requirements, and explains how certificates are issued, renewed, and can be revoked. It also provides exemptions for people already licensed under other laws and allows reciprocal registration for out‑of‑state license holders.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to be registered to call myself a code enforcement officer in Texas?", "What experience and education do I need to become a certified code enforcement officer?", "How do I apply for a code enforcement officer certificate and what fees are involved?", "What is a code enforcement officer in training and how does that differ from a fully registered officer?", "How long does a code enforcement officer’s certificate last and how can I renew it?", "Can a code enforcement officer’s certificate be transferred or given to someone else?", "What reasons could cause my application to be denied or my certificate to be revoked?", "Are people who already hold a different state license exempt from registering as a code enforcement officer?", "Does Texas accept code enforcement licenses from other states, and how does reciprocal registration work?", "Which agency oversees the registration, standards, and discipline of code enforcement officers?" ], "issue_tags": [ "code-enforcement", "licensing", "registration", "training", "renewal", "disciplinary-action", "exemptions" ], "synonyms": [ "code enforcement officer registration", "code enforcement certification", "Texas code enforcement licensing", "code enforcement officer training", "code enforcement officer requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1953", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1953. SANITARIANS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1953.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1953.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up the rules for who can call themselves a sanitarian in Texas. It defines the job, requires a certificate of registration, outlines education, experience, exam, and renewal requirements, and gives the agency power to deny, suspend, or revoke that certificate for misconduct. It also allows the department to create an advisory board and manage continuing‑education and disciplinary processes.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a certificate to call myself a sanitarian in Texas?", "What education and experience are required to become a professional sanitarian?", "How do I apply for a sanitarian‑in‑training certificate?", "What exam must I pass to get a sanitarian registration?", "How often must I renew my sanitarian certificate and what continuing‑education is required?", "Can a city or government agency be forced to hire a sanitarian?", "What actions can lead to denial, suspension, or revocation of a sanitarian certificate?", "Are physicians, dentists, engineers, or veterinarians exempt from these rules?", "Who oversees the sanitarian licensing program and can they set additional rules?", "Is there an advisory board that advises on sanitarian regulations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "sanitarian-licensing", "professional-registration", "public-health", "continuing-education", "disciplinary-action", "certification-exam" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Sanitarian Registration Act", "Sanitation Professional Licensing", "Sanitarian Certification Rules", "Texas Department of Licensing Sanitarian Requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1954", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1954. ASBESTOS HEALTH PROTECTION", "url": "/statutes/OC/1954.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1954.json", "summary": "The Texas Asbestos Health Protection Act sets up a licensing system and rules for anyone who works with asbestos in public buildings. It defines what activities need a license, requires training, inspections, record‑keeping, and public notice, and gives the health department authority to enforce the rules. The law also outlines fees, penalties, and procedures for disciplinary action and appeals.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to remove or encapsulate asbestos in a public building in Texas?", "What specific asbestos‑related activities require a state license or registration?", "How can I apply for an asbestos abatement license or registration, and what qualifications are needed?", "What training and medical exam requirements must an asbestos worker meet?", "What records must I keep for asbestos work, and how long must they be retained?", "When and how must I notify the Department of State Health Services before starting asbestos removal or encapsulation?", "What are the penalties, both civil and criminal, for violating Texas asbestos regulations?", "Can I obtain a provisional asbestos license if I’m already licensed in another state?", "What rules apply to demolition or renovation projects that might disturb asbestos?", "How does the department set and enforce allowable airborne asbestos concentration levels?", "What fees are associated with obtaining and renewing an asbestos license?", "What are the disciplinary procedures if a license holder is found to have committed fraud or failed to meet standards?" ], "issue_tags": [ "asbestos-abatement", "licensing", "inspections", "penalties", "training", "public-buildings", "demolition-renovation" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Asbestos Health Protection Act", "Chapter 1954", "Asbestos Health Protection Act", "Texas asbestos regulations", "asbestos control statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1955", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1955. LEAD-BASED PAINT ABATEMENT", "url": "/statutes/OC/1955.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1955.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a Texas program that certifies and accredits anyone who works on lead‑based paint in homes built before 1978 or in child‑occupied facilities. It sets the training, testing, fee, renewal, and notice requirements, and gives the health department authority to enforce the rules with administrative, civil, and criminal penalties.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a certification to inspect or remove lead‑based paint in an older home?", "What types of buildings are considered child‑occupied facilities under the law?", "How long does a lead‑paint certification or accreditation last?", "What are the fees for getting or renewing a lead‑paint certification in Texas?", "Can I renew my certification after it has expired, and what are the costs?", "What penalties could I face for violating lead‑paint rules?", "Are there restrictions on how certified lead‑paint professionals can advertise their services?", "Can a contractor who was certified in another state renew their Texas certification without retesting?", "What is the process for the department to revoke or suspend a lead‑paint certification?", "How does the state enforce lead‑paint safety in target housing?" ], "issue_tags": [ "lead-paint", "certification", "child-occupied-facilities", "renewal", "penalties", "training", "health-safety" ], "synonyms": [ "Lead-Based Paint Abatement Program", "Texas Lead Paint Certification", "Lead Paint Activity Regulations", "Lead Hazard Certification", "Lead Paint Safety Rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1956", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1956. METAL RECYCLING ENTITIES", "url": "/statutes/OC/1956.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1956.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for businesses that recycle metal, defining which metals and items are considered regulated and requiring them to register, keep detailed records, and report each purchase to the state. It also establishes how sellers must prove ownership, what information must be collected, and the penalties for violations, including civil, criminal, and administrative actions.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I register my business as a metal recycling entity in Texas?", "What types of metal and items are considered regulated under Texas law?", "Do I need a license or permit to buy or sell catalytic converters?", "What records must I keep when I purchase regulated metal or catalytic converters?", "What information do I have to collect from someone selling me copper or brass material?", "Can I sell a lead‑acid battery or a fuel tank to a metal recycler without special paperwork?", "What are the penalties if I fail to report a metal transaction or keep required records?", "Are there local rules that can be stricter than the state requirements for metal recyclers?", "How does the state track and share data on metal recycling transactions?", "What are the rules for paying cash for regulated metal, and what is a cash transaction card?", "Can a metal recycling entity be fined or face criminal charges for buying stolen metal?", "What are the restrictions on selling copper or brass material that was salvaged from a fire?" ], "issue_tags": [ "metal-recycling", "regulated-materials", "licensing", "record-keeping", "penalties", "catalytic-converters", "copper-brass" ], "synonyms": [ "metal recycling regulations", "scrap metal statutes", "Texas metal recycler rules", "regulated metal law", "metal recycling entity chapter", "scrap metal compliance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1957", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1957. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1957.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1957.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a Texas law that protects the titles of industrial hygienists. It says only people certified by the American Board of Industrial Hygiene can call themselves a certified industrial hygienist or an industrial hygienist in training, and it creates a nonprofit group to maintain certification standards. Violating the title rules can lead to a civil fine of up to $1,000 per offense.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I call myself a certified industrial hygienist without being certified?", "What does the title 'industrial hygienist in training' mean and who can use it?", "Which organization certifies industrial hygienists in Texas?", "Do I need certification from the American Board of Industrial Hygiene to use the CIH title?", "What are the penalties if I misuse the CIH or IHIT titles?", "Can a nonprofit certify industrial hygienists, and what standards must it follow?", "Who enforces the rules about industrial hygiene titles in Texas?", "Is there a maximum fine for using the industrial hygienist title without proper certification?", "Can I use the initials IHIT without being certified?", "What is the purpose of the Industrial Hygiene Title Recognition Act?" ], "issue_tags": [ "industrial-hygiene", "title-protection", "certification-requirements", "civil-penalty", "professional-standards" ], "synonyms": [ "Industrial Hygiene Title Recognition Act", "Texas industrial hygienist title law", "CIH title rules", "IHIT designation rules", "industrial hygiene certification statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "1958", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 1958. MOLD ASSESSORS AND REMEDIATORS", "url": "/statutes/OC/1958.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/1958.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a state licensing system for people who inspect and clean mold in buildings, creates an advisory board to guide the program, and defines the rules they must follow. It requires licensed professionals to submit work plans, keep records, and give owners a remediation certificate, while also providing public education about indoor air quality. Certain small‑scale or owner‑performed work is exempt, and the law includes safeguards against conflicts of interest.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to perform a mold inspection or cleanup in Texas?", "Can a homeowner or tenant do mold remediation without a license?", "What information must be included in a mold remediation certificate and when must it be given to the property owner?", "What records do mold remediation contractors have to keep and for how long?", "Are there any size or scope limits that exempt a mold job from licensing requirements?", "Can the same company or person do both mold assessment and mold remediation on the same project?", "How long is a mold assessor or remediator license valid before it must be renewed?", "What public education programs does Texas offer about mold and indoor air quality?", "Who serves on the Mold Assessment and Remediation Advisory Board and what do they do?", "What penalties or civil liability protections exist for property owners and government entities after mold remediation?", "How does the state enforce compliance with mold assessment and remediation standards?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mold-assessment", "mold-remediation", "licensing", "indoor-air-quality", "public-health", "texas-regulation", "certification" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas mold licensing law", "Mold Assessment and Remediation Act", "Chapter 1958", "Mold assessor license", "Mold remediation regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2001", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2001. BINGO", "url": "/statutes/OC/2001.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2001.json", "summary": "The Bingo Enabling Act sets up a licensing system for organizations that want to run bingo games in Texas, requiring them to be nonprofit, charitable, religious, fraternal, veterans, or fire‑EMS groups. It also regulates commercial lessors, manufacturers, and distributors of bingo equipment, establishes fees, reporting, and prize‑fee rules, and creates an advisory committee and enforcement mechanisms. The law directs how bingo proceeds must be used for charitable purposes and outlines penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I apply for a bingo license in Texas?", "What kinds of organizations are allowed to conduct bingo?", "Can a for‑profit business run bingo games?", "What are the fees for a bingo license or a commercial lessor license?", "Do I need a license to sell or distribute bingo equipment?", "How must bingo proceeds be used for charitable purposes?", "What are the rules for temporary bingo licenses and how long do they last?", "Can I sell pull‑tab bingo tickets and what are the price limits?", "What penalties apply if I operate bingo without a license?", "How does the prize fee work and who receives the money?", "What is the role of the Bingo Advisory Committee?", "How are elections held to legalize or prohibit bingo in a local area?" ], "issue_tags": [ "bingo-licensing", "charitable-bingo", "bingo-fees", "bingo-equipment", "bingo-operations", "bingo-advisory-committee", "bingo-units", "bingo-elections" ], "synonyms": [ "Bingo Enabling Act", "Texas Bingo Law", "Chapter 2001 Bingo", "Texas Occupations Code Chapter 2001", "Bingo statute", "Bingo regulation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2002", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2002. CHARITABLE RAFFLES", "url": "/statutes/OC/2002.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2002.json", "summary": "This chapter lets certain nonprofit, religious, fire, and emergency medical groups run charitable raffles in Texas. It defines which organizations qualify, limits how many raffles they can hold each year, and requires that all ticket sales and prize proceeds be used for charitable purposes. The law also sets rules for ticket information, prize values, advertising, and what to do if a prize cannot be awarded on time.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my church or nonprofit organization hold a charitable raffle in Texas?", "How many raffles can my qualified organization run in a calendar year?", "What must be printed on each raffle ticket?", "Can I advertise my raffle on TV, radio, or in a newspaper?", "What is the maximum value of a prize I can offer in a raffle?", "Are cash prizes allowed in a charitable raffle?", "Can my student organization sell raffle tickets on campus?", "What should I do if I cannot award the raffle prize on the scheduled date?", "Are reverse raffles permitted and what special rules apply to them?", "Do I need a special license or bond to run a charitable raffle?", "Can I sell raffle tickets statewide or only within my local area?", "What types of organizations are considered qualified to run a charitable raffle?" ], "issue_tags": [ "charitable-raffle", "qualified-nonprofit", "raffle-prize-limits", "ticket-disclosure", "advertising-restrictions", "reverse-raffle", "university-ticket-sales" ], "synonyms": [ "Charitable Raffle Enabling Act", "Texas charitable raffle law", "Chapter 2002", "Charitable raffles statute", "Texas raffle regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2003", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2003. INSPECTION AND REGULATION OF GAMBLING VESSELS", "url": "/statutes/OC/2003.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2003.json", "summary": "This chapter gives the Texas Department of Public Safety the power to request criminal background checks and inspect any boat or ship that regularly hosts gambling activities, even if the gambling occurs outside Texas. It also lets cities set health and safety rules for such vessels and inspect them when they dock locally, as long as they don’t forbid gambling that state law allows.", "questions_answered": [ "Can the state police look up the criminal history of a gambling boat owner or operator?", "Does Texas have the authority to inspect a casino ship in its waters?", "What kinds of health and safety rules can a city impose on a gambling vessel that docks in its harbor?", "Can a municipality ban gambling activities on a vessel that is otherwise allowed by state law?", "Are gambling vessels subject to both state and local inspections?", "What does \"regularly conducted\" gambling activity mean for a vessel under this law?", "Can the Department of Public Safety keep records of background checks on gambling vessel personnel?", "Do these rules apply to vessels that operate gambling games outside of Texas but dock in Texas?", "What types of vessels are covered by this chapter?", "How does a city enforce its own regulations on a gambling vessel that is only temporarily docked?" ], "issue_tags": [ "gambling-vessels", "state-inspection", "municipal-regulation", "criminal-history-check", "vessel-safety" ], "synonyms": [ "gambling vessel regulation", "boat casino inspection rules", "maritime gambling oversight", "state and local gambling ship regulations", "inspection of gambling vessels" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2004", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2004. PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAM CHARITABLE FOUNDATION RAFFLES", "url": "/statutes/OC/2004.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2004.json", "summary": "This chapter lets charitable foundations linked to professional sports teams or rodeo organizations run raffles at games or events to raise money for charitable purposes. It sets who can run the raffle, where tickets may be sold, age limits for buyers, prize limits, required ticket disclosures, and limits on operating expenses. It also bans certain online announcements of winning numbers and outlines penalties for illegal sales.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a professional sports team’s charitable foundation hold a raffle at a game or rodeo?", "What qualifications must a charitable foundation meet to be allowed to run a raffle?", "Where are raffle tickets allowed to be sold?", "Can raffle tickets be sold online to people who are not physically at the venue?", "What is the maximum cash prize that can be awarded in a raffle?", "What information must be printed on each raffle ticket?", "How much of the ticket sales can be used for operating expenses?", "What age must a person be to buy a raffle ticket?", "What are the penalties for selling raffle tickets to minors?", "Can the winning number be announced through instant digital or interactive technology?", "Who can take legal action to stop an unauthorized raffle?", "Do the proceeds from the raffle have to go to charitable purposes?" ], "issue_tags": [ "professional-sports-raffles", "charitable-fundraising", "ticket-sales", "age-restrictions", "prize-limits", "disclosure-requirements", "operating-expenses" ], "synonyms": [ "Professional Sports Team Charitable Foundation Raffle Enabling Act", "Texas sports team charity raffle rules", "Charitable raffle provisions for pro teams", "Raffle law for professional sports foundations", "Sports team charitable foundation raffle statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2021", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2021. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/OC/2021.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2021.json", "summary": "Chapter 2021 lays out the Texas Racing Act, defining the rules for horse and greyhound racing, licensing, and pari‑mutuel wagering. It explains who is covered, what counts as prohibited items, how fees work, and includes provisions that limit liability and set an expiration date for the commission.", "questions_answered": [ "What types of racing does the Texas Racing Act regulate?", "Who can be held liable if a racing official makes a mistake?", "What items are considered contraband at a racetrack?", "What is the difference between an active and an inactive racetrack license?", "How does the law define a child, minor, and adult for racing purposes?", "What is a pari‑mutuel wager and how does the pool work?", "When does the Texas Racing Commission expire or get sunsetted?", "Can state appropriated funds be used to improve racetracks?", "What is a breakage in pari‑mutuel wagering?", "Who is allowed to sell refreshments or souvenirs at a racetrack?", "What is the process for a racetrack association to pay off long‑term liabilities if the commission is abolished?", "What are the definitions of ‘horsemen’s organization’ and ‘horsemen’s organization’ under this act?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-racing-act", "pari-mutuel-wagering", "racetrack-licensing", "contraband", "liability-protection", "sunset-provision", "funding-restrictions" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Racing Act", "Chapter 2021 of the Occupations Code", "General Provisions of the Texas Racing Act", "Texas horse and greyhound racing regulations", "Texas Racing Commission statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2022", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2022. TEXAS RACING COMMISSION", "url": "/statutes/OC/2022.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2022.json", "summary": "The Texas Racing Commission is a state agency that oversees horse and greyhound racing. It is made up of nine members—seven appointed by the governor and two ex officio members—with specific qualifications and diversity requirements. The chapter sets rules for member terms, training, compensation, conflicts of interest, meetings, staff hiring, public records, and how complaints are handled.", "questions_answered": [ "How are members of the Texas Racing Commission chosen and how many serve?", "What qualifications and experience are required to be a commission member?", "Can a veterinarian serve on the commission, and what other public‑member requirements exist?", "What conflict‑of‑interest rules prevent commission members from working with racing trade groups or racetrack owners?", "How long do commission members serve and how are their terms staggered?", "What training must a new commission member complete before taking office?", "What per‑diem and expense reimbursements are commission members entitled to receive?", "How often does the commission meet and how are meeting votes recorded?", "What public information does the commission have to provide about its functions and complaint procedures?", "Are commission investigative files public, and under what circumstances can they be disclosed?", "Can former commission members be hired by a racetrack association, and what penalties apply?", "What are the hiring and diversity requirements for commission staff and the executive director?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-racing-commission", "commission-membership", "conflict-of-interest", "public-records", "complaint-procedures", "staff-appointments", "meeting-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Racing Commission", "TRC", "State Racing Board", "Texas Racing Act commission", "horse and greyhound racing commission" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2023", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2023. COMMISSION AND RACE MEETING OFFICIAL POWERS AND DUTIES", "url": "/statutes/OC/2023.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2023.json", "summary": "This chapter gives the Texas Racing Commission the power to license, regulate, and supervise all horse and greyhound racing in the state, whether or not betting is involved. It sets rules for race meetings, officials, fees, advertising, reporting, and enforcement, and explains how penalties are imposed and appealed.", "questions_answered": [ "Do horse or greyhound race tracks need a commission license even if they don't offer betting?", "Who can issue licenses for horse racing and greyhound racing in Texas?", "What authority does the commission have over race meetings that involve wagering?", "What powers do stewards and judges have during a race meeting?", "How much can a race official fine or suspend a participant for a rule violation?", "How can I appeal a decision made by a race steward or judge?", "What fees might a racetrack have to pay the commission for licensing and official compensation?", "Can the commission require background checks or criminal history records for racing employees?", "What restrictions does the commission place on advertising by license holders?", "What is the commission’s right to enter a racetrack or racing facility?", "How does the commission handle anonymous reports of violations?", "What standards does the commission set for greyhound farms and facilities?" ], "issue_tags": [ "horse-racing-licensing", "greyhound-racing-regulation", "race-official-powers", "racing-penalties", "commission-rulemaking", "racing-appeals", "racing-fees" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Racing Commission authority", "race meeting official duties", "horse and greyhound racing regulations", "racing commission powers", "race track licensing rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2024", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2024. POWERS AND DUTIES OF COMPTROLLER", "url": "/statutes/OC/2024.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2024.json", "summary": "This chapter gives the Texas comptroller the power to set rules, inspect books and betting systems, and collect the state's portion of pari‑mutuel wagering pools from racetracks. It requires racetracks to post security, outlines penalties for late payments or reports, and directs the deposit of the state's share into the state fund. The chapter also ties these duties to existing tax code provisions and provides a process for handling non‑compliance and appeals.", "questions_answered": [ "What can the comptroller require racetracks to do with their financial records?", "How does the comptroller collect the state's share of pari‑mutuel betting pools?", "What penalties apply if a racetrack is late filing or paying the state's share?", "Can the comptroller enter a racetrack's office to inspect equipment or records?", "What types of security can a racetrack provide to the comptroller?", "How are disputes over non‑compliance with comptroller rules handled?", "Where does the state's share of pari‑mutuel betting money go after it is collected?", "Does the Texas tax code apply to the state's share of pari‑mutuel pools?", "Can the comptroller set rules for how racetracks keep their books and reports?", "What is the process for appealing a penalty or enforcement action by the comptroller?" ], "issue_tags": [ "pari-mutuel-collection", "comptroller-powers", "racing-regulation", "tax-penalties", "financial-inspections", "security-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "Comptroller authority over racing", "State share of betting pool rules", "Texas Racing Act comptroller duties", "Pari‑mutuel tax collection", "Racetrack financial compliance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2025", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2025. LICENSING", "url": "/statutes/OC/2025.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2025.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for getting and keeping a Texas racetrack license, including who can apply, what information and fees are required, and how the commission checks applicants' backgrounds. It also covers the licensing of related occupations, renewal processes, limits on ownership, and the grounds for suspending or revoking licenses.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I apply for a racetrack license in Texas?", "What fees must I pay to get a horse or greyhound racetrack license?", "Do I need to submit fingerprints or a background check when applying for a racetrack license?", "Can a corporation or partnership own a Texas racetrack license?", "What are the limits on owning interests in multiple racetracks?", "How do I renew an inactive racetrack license and what fees apply?", "How many greyhound racetrack licenses are allowed in Texas and where can they be located?", "What actions can cause my racetrack license to be suspended or revoked?", "Do occupational licenses for racing employees require a background check?", "How long does an occupational license last and how is it renewed?", "Are the documents I submit with my racetrack license application public records?", "Can I transfer my racetrack license to another owner if I sell the track?" ], "issue_tags": [ "licensing", "racetrack", "background-check", "fees", "disciplinary-action", "greyhound", "occupational-license" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Racing Act licensing", "racetrack licensing rules", "Texas racetrack permit", "occupational licensing for racing", "horse and greyhound racing licensing" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2026", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2026. RACETRACK OPERATION AND PREMISES", "url": "/statutes/OC/2026.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2026.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules Texas uses to oversee the planning, building, and running of horse and greyhound racetracks. It requires owners to disclose financial information, follow safety and security standards, and get approval for location changes, leases, and certain contracts. The law also classifies racetracks, limits nearby automobile racing facilities, and outlines who can be excluded from racetrack enclosures.", "questions_answered": [ "What rules must I follow to build or renovate a racetrack in Texas?", "How do racetrack owners report their financial information to the commission?", "Can a racetrack change its location, and what is needed to get approval?", "What are the requirements for leasing a racetrack and its surrounding structures?", "What safety and security standards must a racetrack meet for participants and spectators?", "What are the kennel requirements for a greyhound racetrack?", "How does Texas classify horse racetracks and what limits apply to each class?", "Can an automobile racing facility be located near a horse or greyhound racetrack?", "Who can be excluded or ejected from a racetrack enclosure and how can they challenge that decision?", "What actions can the commission take if a racetrack fails to fix unsafe conditions?", "Is a racetrack allowed to run other lawful businesses on its property?", "What are the rules for concession, management, and totalisator contracts at a racetrack?" ], "issue_tags": [ "racetrack-regulation", "financial-disclosure", "safety-standards", "location-change", "lease-approval", "kennel-requirements", "racetrack-classification", "exclusion-rules" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Racing Act", "racetrack operation rules", "racetrack premises regulations", "Texas racetrack licensing statutes", "horse and greyhound racing statutes", "racetrack safety and ownership laws" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2027", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2027. WAGERING", "url": "/statutes/OC/2027.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2027.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for betting on horse and greyhound races in Texas. It tells who can place bets, where they can be placed, what equipment must be used, and how winnings are claimed. It also covers special rules for betting on races shown on TV or online (simulcast) and bans betting by minors and certain employees.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I place a bet on a horse or greyhound race from my phone or computer in Texas?", "Am I allowed to bet using a credit card or by telephone at a racetrack?", "What are the rules for betting on races that are shown on TV or streamed from another state?", "Can a minor or a child who is not with a parent go into the betting area or place a wager?", "What kind of equipment must be used to calculate betting odds and payouts?", "How do I get my winnings if I lose my ticket or need to claim a prize after a race?", "Are racetrack employees allowed to place bets on races?", "What information has to be printed on a betting ticket?", "Do racetracks have to charge a fee for using an ATM on the premises?", "Can I bet on a greyhound race at a horse track, or vice‑versa?", "What happens if a racetrack refuses to pay a claim that I believe is valid?", "How are bets from out‑of‑state races combined with Texas pools?" ], "issue_tags": [ "pari-mutuel-wagering", "horse-racing", "greyhound-racing", "simulcast-betting", "betting-restrictions", "minor-prohibition", "wagering-equipment" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas wagering regulations", "pari-mutuel betting rules", "horse and greyhound betting statutes", "Texas Racing Act wagering provisions", "betting restrictions chapter", "simulcast wagering rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2028", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2028. PARI-MUTUEL POOLS, PURSES, AND FEES", "url": "/statutes/OC/2028.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2028.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas horse and greyhound racetracks how to report, audit, and allocate money that comes from betting pools. It sets percentages for state set‑asides, purses, breakage, and fees, and gives the racing commission power to monitor compliance, suspend funds, and manage the Texas‑bred incentive fund. It also limits what local governments can charge for racetrack admission.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a racetrack report and get audited on the money it receives from betting pools?", "What percentages of horse or greyhound betting pools must be set aside for state programs, purses, and commissions?", "Can the racing commission withhold or suspend funds if a racetrack doesn’t follow the rules?", "What are the limits on how much can be deducted from a horse’s purse for fees or other expenses?", "How is breakage (unclaimed money) from pari‑mutuel pools distributed among the state, breed registries, and owners?", "What fees are counties or municipalities allowed to charge for admission to a racetrack?", "What is the Texas‑bred incentive fund and how is money placed into and taken out of it?", "How are purses calculated for greyhound races and who receives the money?", "What rules apply to simulcast betting signals and how are extra costs reimbursed?", "Can a horse racetrack apply for extra money from the escrow account for purse support?", "What are the rules for allocating money when a racetrack offers cross‑species simulcast wagering?", "How are the costs of a simulcast signal split between the receiving racetrack and the horsemen’s organization?" ], "issue_tags": [ "pari-mutuel", "purse-deduction", "fund-audit", "texas-bred", "breakage-allocation", "county-fees", "commission-oversight", "simulcast" ], "synonyms": [ "Pari‑mutuel pool rules", "Racing fund allocation", "Horse and greyhound betting fund distribution", "Texas Racing Act financial provisions", "Pari‑mutuel deductions and fees" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2029", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2029. ALLOCATION OF RACING DAYS", "url": "/statutes/OC/2029.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2029.json", "summary": "This chapter tells the Texas Racing Commission how to assign live and simulcast horse racing days, including limits on Sunday races, and sets rules for charity race days. It also requires racetracks to give fair access to all horse breeds. For greyhound racing, it specifies the number of evening and matinee performances allowed, charity days, and how to handle missed race days. The commission can also adjust dates or add extra races when unforeseen problems arise.", "questions_answered": [ "How does the Texas Racing Commission decide how many horse racing days a track gets?", "Can a Texas racetrack hold horse races on Sundays?", "What are charity race days and how many can a horse or greyhound track have?", "What factors does the commission consider when approving access for different horse breeds?", "How many greyhound racing performances are allowed each year in Texas?", "What happens if a scheduled greyhound race cannot be held because of something beyond the track’s control?", "Who sets the rules for charity race days and what must those races be comparable to?", "Are live race dates treated differently from simulcast race dates when allocating days?", "Can a racetrack add extra races to an existing event if a day is lost?", "What is the minimum number of charity days a greyhound track must receive?", "Do horse racing charity days have to generate the same revenue as regular race days?", "What is the process for a racetrack to get approval for breed access to races?" ], "issue_tags": [ "horse-racing-days", "greyhound-racing-days", "charity-racing", "race-scheduling", "breed-access", "texas-racing-commission" ], "synonyms": [ "Allocation of Racing Days", "Racing Day Allocation", "Texas Racing Act Scheduling", "Horse and Greyhound Race Day Rules", "Charity Race Day Provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2030", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2030. TEXAS-BRED HORSES AND GREYHOUNDS", "url": "/statutes/OC/2030.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2030.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a system for Texas‑bred horses and greyhounds, naming official breed registries and setting standards for their accreditation. It requires racetracks to hold a minimum number of Texas‑bred horse races each day, provides extra prize money for those horses, and ensures fair distribution of races and stalls among breeds. For greyhounds, it designates a state registry and mandates regular payments of breakage funds to that registry.", "questions_answered": [ "What are the official Texas‑bred horse breed registries?", "Which organization oversees Texas‑bred greyhounds?", "How many Texas‑bred horse races must a racetrack run each racing day?", "Can a racetrack skip a required Texas‑bred race, and under what conditions?", "What financial bonuses do Texas‑bred horses receive for placing in races?", "How are the purse supplements for Texas‑bred races funded?", "How does the law ensure fair race opportunities for different horse breeds at a track?", "What rules govern the allocation of on‑track stalls among different breeds?", "How often must a racetrack pay breakage money to the Texas greyhound registry?", "What qualifications must a horse or greyhound meet to be considered Texas‑bred?", "Can a racetrack get an exception to the equitable‑breed race requirement?", "What is the purpose of the owner’s bonus award for Texas‑bred Thoroughbreds?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-bred-horses", "texas-bred-greyhounds", "breed-registries", "race-scheduling", "purse-supplements", "equitable-racing", "breakage-payments" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas-bred horse program", "Texas-bred greyhound program", "Texas Racing Act provisions", "Texas horse breed registry rules", "Texas greyhound registry rules", "Texas-bred race requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2031", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2031. TEXAS DERBIES", "url": "/statutes/OC/2031.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2031.json", "summary": "The chapter sets up four annual Texas Derby races for three‑year‑old thoroughbreds and quarter horses, both open and Texas‑bred. It tells how the commission picks race locations, creates race rules, requires veterinary health checks, and funds the prize money through a special escrow purse.", "questions_answered": [ "What are the four Texas Derby races and which horses can run in each?", "Who decides where and when each Texas Derby will be held?", "How are the race conditions and entry requirements for a Texas Derby determined?", "What health examinations must a horse pass before entering a Texas Derby?", "How is the prize money for Texas Derbies funded and managed?", "Can the naming rights for a Texas Derby be sold, and what happens to that money?", "What role do the state horse breed registries and horsemen’s organization play in Texas Derbies?", "Who reviews and approves the race conditions and qualification rules?", "What fees do participants pay to enter a Texas Derby, and how are those fees used?", "Are state funds or other horse programs allowed to pay for Texas Derby purses?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-derbies", "horse-racing", "prize-fund", "race-conditions", "veterinary-exams" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Derby races", "Texas Derbies program", "Texas racing act derbies", "Texas stakes races", "Texas horse racing derbies" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2032", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2032. LIVESTOCK SHOWS, EXHIBITS, AND FAIRS", "url": "/statutes/OC/2032.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2032.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas counties and nonprofit groups how they can hold horse race meetings at livestock shows, fairs, and exhibitions. It sets limits on the number of race days, requires proper licensing, and allows counties to use qualified agents to run the races. The rules also explain how counties with a class‑4 racetrack license may schedule races alongside regular fair activities.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a Texas county hold horse races at its annual livestock show?", "How many race days is a county allowed to schedule at a livestock exhibition?", "What license does a county need to run races at a fair or show?", "Can a county with a class‑4 racetrack license hold races on the same day as other fair events?", "Is a nonprofit organization allowed to run a race meeting at a public fair?", "Do race meetings have to be limited to 16 days, or can they be longer?", "Can a county hire an outside agent to conduct a race meeting, and what license must that agent have?", "Who selects the agent that runs the race meeting for a county?", "What are the requirements for a nonprofit to host a race meeting at a livestock exhibition?", "Are there any restrictions on the type of races that can be held at county fairs?" ], "issue_tags": [ "livestock-shows", "race-licensing", "county-fairs", "nonprofit-fairs", "racetrack-licenses", "race-meeting-days" ], "synonyms": [ "livestock show racing rules", "county fair race regulations", "public fair race meetings", "agricultural exhibition race licensing", "Texas livestock show race code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2033", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2033. CRIMINAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE PENALTIES; DISCIPLINARY POWERS", "url": "/statutes/OC/2033.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2033.json", "summary": "This chapter creates criminal and administrative penalties for illegal horse and greyhound racing activities in Texas. It covers offenses such as unlicensed racing, unauthorized wagering, impersonating license holders, using prohibited devices or substances, bribery, and allowing minors to gamble. The racing commission is given authority to fine, suspend licenses, issue cease‑and‑desist orders, and pursue other enforcement actions.", "questions_answered": [ "What are the penalties for holding a horse or greyhound race without a license?", "Is it illegal to bet on a race that isn’t approved by the Texas Racing Commission?", "Can I be charged for using a device or drug to affect the outcome of a race?", "What happens if I pretend to be a licensed racetrack official?", "How does the commission enforce rules and assess administrative fines?", "What are the consequences for allowing a minor to gamble or enter a racetrack?", "Can the commission issue a cease‑and‑desist order and how can I contest it?", "What is the process for a hearing if I receive a cease‑and‑desist or license suspension?", "Are commission members prohibited from accepting money or employment from racetracks?", "What offenses apply to wagering on races held on Indian reservations in Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "horse-racing", "greyhound-racing", "illegal-wagering", "licensing-violations", "racing-commission", "administrative-penalties", "cease-and-desist", "prohibited-substances" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Racing Act", "Chapter 2033", "Occupations Code Chapter 2033", "Texas horse and greyhound racing regulations", "Racing commission enforcement rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2034", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2034. UNLAWFUL INFLUENCE ON RACING", "url": "/statutes/OC/2034.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2034.json", "summary": "This chapter creates rules to stop cheating in Texas racing by banning prohibited drugs and devices, requiring testing of both animals and humans, and setting up who can do the testing and how costs are handled. It also outlines the duties of trainers and license holders, and describes the penalties for violations, including suspensions, license revocation, and bans from racetracks.", "questions_answered": [ "What rules does Texas have to prevent illegal influence in horse or other animal racing?", "Who is allowed to conduct drug testing on race animals in Texas?", "Which laboratories can perform drug testing for racing under this chapter?", "How are the costs of drug testing for animals and humans paid at a racetrack?", "What responsibilities does a licensed trainer have to keep prohibited substances out of a race animal?", "What happens if a race animal’s test shows a prohibited substance?", "Can a person be suspended or have their license revoked for using a prohibited device or drug?", "What is the process for appealing a suspension or disqualification related to illegal influence?", "Can a license holder request a split test of a sample, and how does that work?", "What penalties exist for violating the rules on prohibited substances or devices in racing?" ], "issue_tags": [ "unlawful-influence", "racing-drug-testing", "trainer-responsibility", "licensing-penalties", "testing-costs", "prohibited-substances" ], "synonyms": [ "illegal influence on racing", "anti-doping rules for racing", "racing drug testing regulations", "prohibited device rules", "Texas racing integrity rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2035", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2035. LOCAL OPTION ELECTION TO LEGALIZE PARI-MUTUEL WAGERING", "url": "/statutes/OC/2035.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2035.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how a Texas county can hold a local vote to legalize or reject pari‑mutuel betting on horse or greyhound races. It details the petition process, signature thresholds, election timing, ballot wording, and how contests or rescission votes are handled. It also sets rules for certification, appeals, and the effect of a rescission vote on existing racetracks.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a county start a local election to legalize horse or greyhound betting?", "What number of voter signatures is required on a petition to put a pari‑mutuel wagering question on the ballot?", "What information must be included in the petition and ballot for a betting legalization vote?", "Can a city within a county stop a racetrack after voters approve pari‑mutuel wagering?", "How often can a county hold another election on pari‑mutuel wagering after one is approved?", "What is the process to contest the results of a pari‑mutuel wagering election?", "What are the steps for a rescission election to undo a previously approved betting legalization?", "Who represents the county in an election contest and can they be required to post a bond?", "What are the deadlines for filing a petition, certification by the clerk, and ordering the election?", "What happens to a racetrack that was licensed before the voting question was approved?", "How are election results certified and reported to the state?", "What are the ballot wording options for a pari‑mutuel wagering election?" ], "issue_tags": [ "local-option-election", "pari-mutuel-wagering", "petition-signatures", "election-contest", "rescission-vote", "racetrack-licensing" ], "synonyms": [ "local option pari-mutuel betting election", "county horse race betting vote", "Texas racetrack licensing referendum", "parimutuel wagering local option", "horse and greyhound betting legalization process" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2051", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2051. ATHLETE AGENTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/2051.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2051.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for anyone acting as a sports agent in Texas. It requires agents to register, post a bond, use approved contract forms, and follow strict contact and disclosure rules when dealing with college athletes. The law also outlines how agents must keep records, renew their registration, and the penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need to be registered with the state to work as a sports agent in Texas?", "Can a college athlete sign a contract with an agent before finishing school?", "What fees am I allowed to charge as an athlete agent?", "What bond amount must I post before representing an athlete?", "How long does an athlete agent’s registration last and how do I renew it?", "What information must be included in the athlete‑agent contract?", "Can an agent contact a student athlete directly, and when is it allowed?", "What records do I have to keep as an athlete agent?", "What are the penalties if I violate the athlete‑agent rules?", "How can a college or university enforce compliance with this law?" ], "issue_tags": [ "athlete-agent", "registration", "contracts", "bond-requirements", "college-athlete-contact", "recordkeeping", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Athlete Agent Law", "Occupations Code Chapter 2051", "Texas Sports Agent Statute", "Athlete Agent Regulation", "Texas Sports Agent Rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2052", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2052. COMBATIVE SPORTS", "url": "/statutes/OC/2052.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2052.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for boxing, kickboxing, martial arts, and mixed martial arts events in Texas. It requires promoters, fighters, referees, judges, and amateur associations to get licenses or registrations, meet safety and medical standards, and pay a tax on ticket sales. It also outlines bonding, insurance, and penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to promote a boxing or MMA event in Texas?", "What are the requirements to obtain a promoter license or a surety bond?", "Can an amateur martial arts tournament be held without a license?", "What medical exams and physician presence are required for fighters?", "How is the tax on ticket sales for a combat sports event calculated?", "What rules apply to gloves and equipment for a fight?", "Can a professional fighter compete in an amateur event?", "What penalties or fines can be imposed for breaking the combat sports rules?", "How do I register an amateur combative sports association?", "What are the reporting and payment steps after a fight event?" ], "issue_tags": [ "combative-sports-licensing", "promoter-bond", "tax", "medical-requirements", "amateur-events", "equipment-rules", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "combative sports regulation", "boxing and MMA licensing", "Texas combat sports rules", "combat sports licensing code", "Texas combative sports chapter", "combat sports licensing and tax" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2101", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2101. CONSIGNMENT OF ART WORKS", "url": "/statutes/OC/2101.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2101.json", "summary": "This chapter protects artworks and sound recordings that artists consign to dealers or distributors. It says that the art or recordings themselves, and the money earned from their sale, cannot be taken by the dealer's or distributor's creditors. The protection applies whether the dealer sells the item themselves or to another buyer, but not if the artist has already been fully paid for a recording.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a creditor seize a painting I gave to a gallery for sale?", "Are the proceeds from selling my sculpture protected from my art dealer's creditors?", "Does this law protect the money I earn from a sound recording I give to a distributor?", "What kinds of artwork are covered by this protection?", "If my dealer sells my artwork to someone else, does the protection still apply?", "What happens to the protection if I have already been paid in full for a recording?", "Does this law apply to digital or future sound recording formats?", "Who counts as an 'artist' under this law?", "Is a recording distributor covered the same way as an art dealer?", "Can a creditor claim the proceeds from a consigned artwork sale?", "Does the protection extend to the estate of a deceased artist?", "What is the difference between a lien and a claim that this law blocks?" ], "issue_tags": [ "consignment-protection", "art-lien-exemption", "sound-recording-protection", "creditor-rights", "artist-rights", "texas-art-law" ], "synonyms": [ "Artists' Consignment Act", "Texas Consignment of Artworks statute", "Art consignment protection law", "Sound recording consignment exemption", "Texas Artists' Consignment Act" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2102", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2102. COLLECTION OF ROYALTIES ON NONDRAMATIC MUSICAL WORKS", "url": "/statutes/OC/2102.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2102.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for how music licensing societies must work with Texas businesses like restaurants, bars, and hotels when collecting royalties for non‑dramatic music. It requires written contracts that include specific disclosures, rates, and lists of songs, and it bans societies from demanding payments outside those contracts. The chapter also notes that broadcasters and cable operators are exempt, and it gives venue owners the right to sue for damages if the rules are broken.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a written contract with a performing rights society for my restaurant or bar?", "What information must be included in a music royalty contract with my business?", "What disclosures does a rights society have to give me before I sign a contract?", "Can a performing rights society collect royalties from me without providing a list of the songs they represent?", "Are broadcasters and cable operators subject to the same royalty rules as my venue?", "What can I do if a rights society tries to collect royalties improperly?", "How long can a royalty contract last and can the rates change over time?", "Do I have to pay royalties for background music played in my establishment?", "What remedies are available if a performing rights society violates the chapter?", "Can I request the current list of copyrighted works the society licenses?" ], "issue_tags": [ "royalty-collection", "performing-rights", "music-licensing", "venue-contracts", "disclosure-requirements", "non-dramatic-music" ], "synonyms": [ "nondramatic music royalty collection", "music licensing statutes", "performing rights society regulations", "royalty collection rules for venues", "Texas music royalty law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2103", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2103. LICENSING AND PERFORMING FEES FOR CERTAIN RECORDINGS", "url": "/statutes/OC/2103.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2103.json", "summary": "This chapter explains that playing a recording includes performing, broadcasting, or televising it, and sets rules for who must be paid when a licensing or performing fee is required. It lets users rely on the information on the recording’s label unless they receive a written notice of a rights transfer. Any assignment of fee rights only binds the player if a proper notice is given, and a payment made under the label or the latest notice satisfies the fee obligation.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need to pay a licensing fee when I play a recorded song in a public place or on TV?", "Can I rely on the information printed on a CD or record label to know who to pay for the licensing fee?", "What happens if the owner of the licensing rights for a recording sells those rights to someone else?", "Do I have to receive a written notice before a new rights holder can collect licensing fees from me?", "If I already paid a fee based on the label information, does that cover any later claims by a new rights holder?", "What information must be included in a notice that a licensing right has been assigned or transferred?", "How is a payment considered a discharge of any other licensing or performing fee obligations?", "Is broadcasting or televising a recording treated the same as playing it for fee purposes?", "If I never get a notice of assignment, am I still responsible for paying the new rights holder?", "Can I ignore a transfer of licensing rights if the required notice was not sent to me?" ], "issue_tags": [ "licensing-fees", "recording-rights", "notice-requirements", "assignment-of-rights", "public-performance", "fee-discharge" ], "synonyms": [ "recording licensing and performing fees", "music recording fee rules", "licensing fee assignment notice", "playing a recording definition", "fee discharge provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2104", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2104. REGULATION OF OUTDOOR MUSIC FESTIVALS", "url": "/statutes/OC/2104.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2104.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a licensing system for large outdoor music festivals, requiring promoters to register with the county, submit a detailed permit application, and obtain approval from the commissioners court. It includes health‑safety review, a public hearing, rules for revoking permits, an appeal process, and penalties for operating without a permit.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a permit to hold a large outdoor music festival?", "How do I register as a promoter for an outdoor music festival?", "What information must I include in the festival permit application?", "When must I file the permit application before the event starts?", "What health and sanitation requirements does the county health officer check?", "Can the county revoke my festival permit after it is issued?", "How can I appeal a denied or revoked festival permit?", "What are the penalties if I promote a festival without registering or a permit?", "Do I have to disclose past criminal convictions when registering as a promoter?", "How much does it cost to register and apply for a festival permit?", "Who decides whether my outdoor music festival gets approved?", "What crowd‑size limits do I need to enforce for the festival?" ], "issue_tags": [ "outdoor-festival-permits", "promoter-registration", "health-safety-review", "permit-hearing", "permit-revocation", "festival-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "outdoor music festival regulation", "large concert permit rules", "festival promoter licensing", "county outdoor event approvals", "Texas outdoor concert statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2151", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2151. REGULATION OF AMUSEMENT RIDES", "url": "/statutes/OC/2151.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2151.json", "summary": "This chapter establishes safety, inspection, insurance, reporting, and enforcement rules for amusement rides in Texas. It requires annual inspections, liability insurance with specific coverage limits, record‑keeping of injuries and government actions, signage about unsafe rides, and gives authorities the power to stop rides that are unsafe. The rules differ for rides aimed at children, mobile rides, and certain challenge courses.", "questions_answered": [ "What liability insurance limits do I need to operate a ride for children versus a general amusement ride?", "How often must an amusement ride be inspected and who can perform the inspection?", "Do I need a written certificate to operate a ride at a fair or carnival?", "Can a local government satisfy the insurance requirement through an interlocal agreement?", "What records must I keep about injuries that occur on my ride?", "What signage is required to inform the public about reporting unsafe rides?", "What can police or other officials do if they believe a ride is unsafe?", "Are challenge courses or obstacle courses considered amusement rides under this law?", "Do coin‑operated rides need to be inspected or insured?", "What are the penalties for failing to meet the inspection or insurance requirements?", "How are mobile amusement rides inspected differently from fixed rides?", "What steps must be taken to resume operation after a ride is prohibited due to safety concerns?" ], "issue_tags": [ "amusement-ride-safety", "liability-insurance", "inspection-requirements", "injury-reporting", "enforcement", "challenge-course-exception", "signage" ], "synonyms": [ "Amusement Ride Safety Inspection and Insurance Act", "Texas amusement ride regulations", "ride safety code", "amusement ride compliance rules", "Texas ride inspection law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2153", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2153. COIN-OPERATED MACHINES", "url": "/statutes/OC/2153.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2153.json", "summary": "This chapter sets statewide rules for music, skill, and pleasure coin‑operated machines in Texas. It requires owners and operators to obtain a license or registration, pay an annual occupation tax, keep detailed records, and follow reporting and inspection requirements. The law lists many exemptions, outlines fees, and describes penalties and enforcement actions. It also governs credit extensions and the handling of tax permits and seals on the machines.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to own or operate a jukebox or arcade machine in my business?", "What is the annual occupation tax for a coin‑operated machine and how is it calculated?", "Are vending machines, stamp machines, or other service machines exempt from this chapter?", "How much does a general business license cost for a coin‑operated machine operator?", "What records must I keep for each coin‑operated machine I own or exhibit?", "How do I renew or extend an expired license or registration certificate?", "Can a nonprofit or charitable organization own a coin‑operated machine without paying the tax?", "What penalties apply if I operate a coin‑operated machine without a license or tax permit?", "Do I need to register a coin‑operated machine that I keep at my private residence for personal use?", "What is the process for obtaining and attaching a tax permit to a coin‑operated machine?", "Am I allowed to extend credit to a lessee of a coin‑operated machine, and what written agreement is required?", "Are common carriers required to obtain a license when they transport or store coin‑operated machines for others?" ], "issue_tags": [ "coin-operated-machines", "licensing", "occupation-tax", "record-keeping", "exemptions", "penalties", "compliance" ], "synonyms": [ "coin‑operated machine regulations", "arcade machine licensing", "jukebox tax rules", "Texas coin‑op machine code", "music and amusement machine statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2154", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2154. REGULATION OF FIREWORKS AND FIREWORKS DISPLAYS", "url": "/statutes/OC/2154.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2154.json", "summary": "Chapter 2154 sets the rules for fireworks in Texas. It defines what fireworks are, who can manufacture, sell, distribute, or display them, and requires licenses, permits, and insurance. The chapter also outlines safety standards, prohibited activities, and penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to sell fireworks in Texas?", "What age must a customer be to buy fireworks?", "When am I allowed to sell fireworks to the public?", "What permits are required for a public fireworks display?", "What insurance coverage is needed for a fireworks display?", "Which types of fireworks are legal to sell and use?", "Can I sell fireworks online or ship them out of state?", "What are the rules for indoor retail fireworks sites?", "What are the penalties for selling or using illegal fireworks?", "Can minors work at a fireworks retail store?", "How far must fireworks be kept from schools, hospitals, or other protected sites?", "Do I need a special license to operate flame effects or pyrotechnics?" ], "issue_tags": [ "fireworks-licensing", "fireworks-permits", "fireworks-safety", "fireworks-sales", "fireworks-displays", "fireworks-regulation", "minors-employment", "insurance-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas fireworks regulations", "fireworks licensing rules", "fireworks display permits", "firework safety code", "Texas pyrotechnics statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2155", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2155. HOTELS AND BOARDINGHOUSES", "url": "/statutes/OC/2155.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2155.json", "summary": "This chapter tells Texas hotels how to inform guests about room prices, when price changes can take effect, and what penalties apply if they don’t follow the rules. It also limits a hotel’s responsibility for guests’ valuables, explains how hotels may hold property without charge, and sets out what a hotel must disclose about firearms rules and how those rules can be applied.", "questions_answered": [ "How must a hotel display the daily room rate to guests?", "When can a hotel raise its room price and how long does the new rate apply?", "What penalties does a hotel face if it fails to post room rates or give a rate ticket?", "Is a hotel liable if my jewelry or other valuables are stolen from my room?", "What amount of loss is a hotel limited to paying for guest valuables?", "Can a hotel keep my baggage or other property for free, and for how long?", "What are the rules for guests carrying firearms in a Texas hotel?", "Does a hotel have to put its gun policy on its website or reservation confirmation?", "Can a hotel require guests to keep guns concealed or in a case while in common areas?", "What are the penalties if a hotel does not disclose its firearms policy as required?" ], "issue_tags": [ "room-rate-notice", "hotel-liability-valuables", "firearms-policy", "hotel-penalties", "guest-rights" ], "synonyms": [ "hotel and boardinghouse regulations", "Texas hotel occupancy rules", "hotel room rate posting requirements", "hotel firearms policy statutes", "hotel guest property liability" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2156", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2156. THEATERS", "url": "/statutes/OC/2156.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2156.json", "summary": "This chapter defines a theater as a building used for public performances that charge admission, and it gives owners the right to assign seats and refuse entry to certain people. It requires theater managers to keep a list of all show bookings and to share it with prospective renters. The law also forbids discriminating against reputable productions and sets fines and possible jail time for violations, and it can cause a lease to be forfeited if the rules are broken.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the legal definition of a theater?", "Can a theater owner assign specific seats to patrons?", "Is a theater allowed to refuse admission to certain individuals?", "What booking records must a theater keep and how must they be presented?", "What penalties apply if a theater fails to keep or show the required booking list?", "Can a theater refuse to rent its space to a reputable play, opera, or show?", "What fines or jail time could a theater manager face for discriminating against a reputable production?", "What happens to a theater lease if the owner violates the theater rules?", "Is there a defense if a theater claims it already had other bookings when refusing a lease request?", "Where does the money from a fine for discrimination go?" ], "issue_tags": [ "theater-regulation", "booking-records", "anti-discrimination", "lease-termination", "penalties", "theater-ownership" ], "synonyms": [ "theater code", "theater regulations", "theater statutes", "performance venue rules", "theater licensing rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2157", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2157. REGULATION OF MOTION PICTURE THEATERS", "url": "/statutes/OC/2157.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2157.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for contracts that involve showing movies in Texas theaters, including which state law applies and where lawsuits must be filed. It also requires private investigators who count theater attendance to give timely written reports to the theater owner, and says their evidence won’t be allowed if they don’t comply.", "questions_answered": [ "Which state law governs a contract for licensing a movie to be shown in a Texas theater?", "Where should I file a lawsuit if a film licensing agreement is breached?", "Can a contract pick a different venue for a movie‑theater dispute than the one the law requires?", "What must a private investigator do after counting attendance at a movie showing?", "How soon does a theater owner need to receive a report from an investigator about ticket sales?", "What happens to an investigator’s testimony if they don’t provide the required report?", "Do the rules apply to both public and private movie theaters in Texas?", "Can a theater owner use an investigator’s findings in court if the investigator missed the reporting deadline?", "What defines the “principal office” of a theater exhibitor for venue purposes?", "Are there penalties for violating the attendance‑reporting requirements?" ], "issue_tags": [ "film-licensing", "contract-venue", "theater-attendance-reporting", "motion-picture-law" ], "synonyms": [ "motion picture theater regulation", "movie theater licensing rules", "film exhibition contract statutes", "theater attendance reporting requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2158", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2158. SPECIAL EVENT PARKING CHARGE LIMITATION", "url": "/statutes/OC/2158.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2158.json", "summary": "This Texas law caps the amount a parking facility can charge for vehicles during a special event to no more than twice the normal daily rate. It does not apply to colleges, and violating the cap is a Class C misdemeanor unless the owner posted a clear sign showing both the regular and event rates.", "questions_answered": [ "How much can a parking lot charge for parking during a concert or other special event?", "Can a parking facility charge more than double the normal rate for a sporting event?", "Are universities and private colleges exempt from the special‑event parking charge limit?", "What penalty does a parking lot face if it overcharges for a special event?", "Do I need to see a posted sign to know the parking rates for an event?", "What types of gatherings count as a \"special event\" under this law?", "Is it illegal for a private parking garage to charge three times the usual rate for a parade?", "What size and content must a sign have to protect a parking owner from a misdemeanor charge?", "How is the “normal rate” for parking determined for a given day and time?", "Does this rule apply to parking at a political rally held on a university campus?" ], "issue_tags": [ "special-event-parking", "parking-fee-limits", "misdemeanor-penalty", "signage-requirements", "higher-education-exemption", "event-definition" ], "synonyms": [ "special event parking charge limitation", "parking fee cap for events", "event parking surcharge rule", "special event parking price limit", "Texas parking charge restriction", "parking facility event pricing law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2301", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2301. SALE OR LEASE OF MOTOR VEHICLES", "url": "/statutes/OC/2301.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2301.json", "summary": "Chapter 2301 sets up the rules for how motor vehicles are sold, leased, and distributed in Texas. It requires manufacturers, dealers, distributors, converters, and lease facilitators to be licensed and follow standards that protect consumers, ensure warranty compliance, and prevent fraud. The chapter also outlines how complaints are handled, how franchise agreements can be challenged, and what penalties apply for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to sell or lease new motor vehicles in Texas?", "Can a franchised dealer require me to buy extra accessories or equipment that I didn't order?", "What can I do if my new vehicle has a defect covered by the manufacturer’s warranty?", "How are disputes over franchise termination, relocation, or modification resolved?", "What rules apply to vehicle lease facilitators and can they charge fees to dealers?", "Are there restrictions on how dealers can advertise or use the word “lease” in their business name?", "What steps must a dealer take to file a complaint about a vehicle defect or warranty issue?", "What civil penalties can the Texas Department of Motor Vehicles impose for violations of this chapter?", "Can a manufacturer or distributor require a dealer to pay a rebate, discount, or other financial adjustment?", "How does the board handle mediation and contested case hearings for dealer‑manufacturer disputes?" ], "issue_tags": [ "motor-vehicle-sales", "licensing-requirements", "warranty-claims", "dealer-franchise", "lease-facilitator", "consumer-protection", "complaint-procedures" ], "synonyms": [ "Sale or lease of motor vehicles", "Texas motor vehicle distribution rules", "Vehicle dealer licensing statutes", "Automobile sales and leasing regulations", "Dealer and manufacturer compliance code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2302", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2302. SALVAGE VEHICLE DEALERS", "url": "/statutes/OC/2302.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2302.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for anyone who buys, sells, auctions, or rebuilds nonrepairable or salvage cars in Texas. It requires a state license, detailed record‑keeping of titles, plates, and parts, and gives the DMV board power to inspect, enforce, and penalize violations. It also limits certain activities, such as rebuilding whole assembled vehicles, and outlines renewal and disciplinary procedures.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to sell salvage or junk cars in Texas?", "How can I apply for a salvage vehicle dealer license and what information is required?", "What records must I keep when I buy or sell a salvage motor vehicle or its parts?", "Can I rebuild a whole assembled vehicle as a salvage dealer?", "What are the penalties for operating without a license or violating the rules?", "Do metal recyclers have to follow the same regulations as salvage dealers?", "How often must I renew my salvage dealer license and what are the renewal fees?", "What are the rules for advertising my salvage vehicle business?", "Can a peace officer inspect my inventory and records, and what must I do during an inspection?", "What happens if I sell a salvage car without a proper title or license plate?", "Are there special restrictions for salvage yards in large‑population counties?" ], "issue_tags": [ "salvage-vehicle-dealer", "licensing", "record-keeping", "enforcement", "vehicle-parts", "rebuilding-restrictions", "penalties", "inspections" ], "synonyms": [ "salvage car dealer", "junk car dealer", "nonrepairable vehicle dealer", "salvage motor vehicle dealer", "Texas DMV salvage dealer rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2303", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2303. VEHICLE STORAGE FACILITIES", "url": "/statutes/OC/2303.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2303.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a licensing system for places that store cars and other vehicles in Texas, sets the fees they can charge, and tells them how to notify owners and handle abandoned vehicles. It also outlines the duties of facility staff, the process for selling unclaimed vehicles, and the penalties for breaking the rules.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a state license to operate a vehicle storage garage or lot?", "What information must a storage facility include in a notice to a vehicle’s owner or lienholder?", "How long does a storage facility have to send a notice before it can start charging storage fees?", "What fees are a vehicle storage facility allowed to charge for storing a car?", "What happens to a vehicle that isn’t claimed after the notice period expires?", "Can a storage facility sell an abandoned vehicle without first getting a release of any lien?", "What are the civil and criminal penalties for operating a storage facility without a license?", "Are storage facilities required to post their daily storage rates where customers can see them?", "Do employees of a vehicle storage facility have to undergo drug testing?", "Can a storage facility accept a vehicle that was towed without the owner’s consent?", "How are storage fees adjusted for inflation?", "What records must a storage facility keep and make available for inspection?" ], "issue_tags": [ "vehicle-storage", "licensing", "notice-requirements", "abandoned-vehicles", "fees", "enforcement", "employee-drug-testing" ], "synonyms": [ "Vehicle Storage Facility Act", "Texas vehicle storage regulations", "storage garage licensing rules", "motor vehicle impoundment statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2304", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2304. NONMECHANICAL REPAIRS TO MOTOR VEHICLES", "url": "/statutes/OC/2304.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2304.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a registration system for businesses that repair or replace the exterior or interior body parts of motor vehicles, except in very small counties. It tells those businesses how to apply, what information they must disclose, how often they must renew, and what records they must keep and display. It also outlines the penalties for failing to register or for breaking the rules.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need to register my auto body repair shop with the state?", "What information must I provide on the registration application?", "How much does it cost to register or renew a certificate?", "How often do I have to renew my registration certificate?", "What records do I have to keep for each vehicle that comes into my shop?", "Do I have to display my registration certificate at my business?", "What are the penalties if I forget to register or violate the rules?", "Can I get a replacement certificate if my original is lost or destroyed?", "Does this registration requirement apply if my shop is in a county with fewer than 50,000 people?", "Am I allowed to make false statements about repairs or charges?", "What happens if I voluntarily surrender my certificate?", "How can the state inspect my shop or my repair records?" ], "issue_tags": [ "auto-body-repair", "registration", "record-keeping", "compliance", "civil-penalties", "texas-environmental-quality" ], "synonyms": [ "nonmechanical auto repair registration", "Texas auto body shop licensing", "motor vehicle body repair certificate", "TX Commission on Environmental Quality registration", "vehicle exterior repair regulation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2305", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2305. RECORDS OF CERTAIN VEHICLE REPAIRS, SALES, AND PURCHASES", "url": "/statutes/OC/2305.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2305.json", "summary": "This chapter tells auto repair shops and used‑car dealers in Texas to keep detailed logs of every repair, sale, purchase, and certain parts like catalytic converters, and to store those logs for at least a year (or two years for some items). It also gives state officials the right to inspect those records and sets fines or misdemeanors for failing to follow the rules.", "questions_answered": [ "What records does my auto repair shop have to keep for each vehicle it works on?", "Do I need to log every used‑car sale or purchase my business makes?", "What specific information must I record when I buy a used vehicle?", "What details are required in the record when I sell a used vehicle?", "How long must I keep repair and sales records before I can discard them?", "Can I sell a catalytic converter that I removed during a repair, and what records do I need for that?", "What records are required if I replace a cylinder block in a vehicle?", "Are there any repairs that are exempt from the record‑keeping requirement?", "What penalties could I face if I fail to maintain the required records?", "Can law enforcement or other officials enter my shop to inspect my records?", "Do I need to keep records for electrical work performed on a vehicle?", "What are the record‑keeping rules for businesses that recycle or sell catalytic converters?" ], "issue_tags": [ "vehicle-repair-records", "used-car-sales", "catalytic-converter-records", "record-keeping", "compliance", "enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "auto shop recordkeeping requirements", "used vehicle transaction logs", "catalytic converter tracking rules", "motor vehicle repair and sales documentation", "vehicle repair register obligations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2307", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2307. INSURER INTERESTS IN REPAIR FACILITIES", "url": "/statutes/OC/2307.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2307.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for Texas auto insurers that own or work with repair shops. It limits insurers to only one pre‑2003 owned shop, requires arm‑length agreements, bans preferential treatment, and forces clear notices to customers. It also provides civil penalties and a private right of action for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my car insurance company own a repair shop in Texas?", "What restrictions apply if an insurer already owned a repair facility before 2003?", "Am I required to use a specific repair shop recommended by my insurer?", "What notice must a repair shop display if an insurer owns part of it?", "Can an insurer give special discounts or subsidies to its own repair shop?", "Is it illegal for an insurer to share information only with its tied repair facility?", "What can I do if I think my insurer is favoring its own repair shop unfairly?", "What penalties can an insurer face for violating these rules?", "May an insurer require me to get a damage estimate at a tied repair facility?", "Are joint marketing or branding agreements allowed between an insurer and its tied repair shop?", "Does this chapter protect me from antitrust violations involving insurers and repair shops?", "Can I sue an insurer for not following the arm‑length transaction requirement?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurer-repair-facility", "favored-facility-agreement", "conflict-of-interest", "consumer-notice", "antitrust", "civil-penalties", "arm-length-transactions" ], "synonyms": [ "tied repair facility regulations", "insurer-owned shop rules", "favored facility agreement rules", "insurance company repair shop restrictions", "auto repair facility ownership restrictions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2308", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2308. VEHICLE TOWING AND BOOTING", "url": "/statutes/OC/2308.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2308.json", "summary": "The Texas Towing and Booting Act sets rules for tow trucks, towing companies, booting companies, and parking facilities. It requires permits and licenses, defines how and when vehicles can be towed or immobilized with a boot, and limits fees and signage requirements. The chapter also provides a process for vehicle owners to challenge a tow or boot and outlines penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license or permit to operate a tow truck in Texas?", "What is a boot and when can a parking lot use it on my car?", "How much can a towing company charge for a non‑consent tow?", "What signs must a parking facility display before it can tow or boot an unauthorized vehicle?", "Can a parking lot owner make money from towing or booting vehicles?", "How can I request a hearing if my vehicle was towed or booted without my consent?", "What are the insurance and financial responsibility requirements for tow trucks?", "What penalties apply if a towing company or booting company breaks the rules?", "Are there limits on fees that local governments can charge for towing?", "What is the process for renewing a towing or booting license?", "Can a towing company tow a vehicle from a university parking lot during a special event?", "What are the rules for removing abandoned or unauthorized vehicles from public roadways?" ], "issue_tags": [ "towing", "booting", "licensing", "fees", "unauthorized-vehicles", "signage", "hearings" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Towing and Booting Act", "Chapter 2308", "Vehicle Towing and Booting", "Towing and Booting regulations", "Texas towing law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2309", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2309. USED AUTOMOTIVE PARTS RECYCLERS", "url": "/statutes/OC/2309.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2309.json", "summary": "This Texas law creates a licensing system for businesses that dismantle, reuse, or sell used automotive parts and handle non‑repairable vehicles. It sets standards for who must be licensed, what records must be kept, how titles and plates are handled, and outlines enforcement tools and penalties. An advisory board of industry representatives helps shape the rules, and local ordinances may add extra requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to operate a used auto parts recycling business in Texas?", "What insurance coverage is required for a used automotive parts recycler?", "How long must I keep records of parts I purchase or sell?", "What are the title and license‑plate requirements when I acquire a salvage vehicle?", "Can a metal recycler be subject to the used‑parts recycling rules?", "What penalties apply if I operate without a license or violate the rules?", "Do I have to get a storm‑water permit for my recycling facility?", "What are the rules about advertising and competitive bidding for a licensed recycler?", "Do I need to notify the state if I move my recycling business to a new location?", "Who serves on the advisory board that advises the licensing agency?", "Are there any restrictions on operating heavy machinery at a recycling yard?", "Can a local city ordinance add extra licensing requirements for used‑parts dealers?" ], "issue_tags": [ "used-auto-parts-recycling", "licensing", "record-keeping", "vehicle-title", "enforcement", "advisory-board", "environmental-permits" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Used Automotive Parts Recycling Act", "Used Auto Parts Recycler License", "Used Car Parts Recycling Regulations", "Texas Used Parts Recycling Law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2310", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2310. MOTOR FUEL METERING AND QUALITY", "url": "/statutes/OC/2310.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2310.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for measuring and selling motor fuel in Texas. It requires fuel meters to be registered, inspected, and calibrated, and establishes quality standards for gasoline and fuel mixtures. The law also creates a licensing system for technicians and companies that service fuel meters, and outlines civil and criminal penalties for violations such as inaccurate measurement, false advertising, or refusing inspection.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I register a motor fuel meter before using it for sales?", "What inspections and calibrations are required for fuel dispensers and how often must they be done?", "Do I need a license to repair or service a fuel meter, and how do I obtain one?", "What are the penalties if my fuel meter is inaccurate or I use the wrong device?", "What quality standards must gasoline and ethanol blends meet in Texas?", "Can a dealer sell fuel that contains more ethanol than allowed, and what disclosures are required?", "What signage must be posted on fuel pumps for tax rates and ethanol content?", "Who enforces the fuel measurement and quality rules and how are violations investigated?", "What civil penalties apply if I misrepresent the price or quantity of motor fuel?", "What happens if I refuse a department test or inspection of my fuel meter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "motor-fuel-metering", "fuel-quality-standards", "licensing", "inspection", "penalties", "advertising", "registration" ], "synonyms": [ "Motor Fuel Metering and Quality Act", "Texas fuel measurement law", "fuel dispenser regulations", "motor fuel quality standards", "fuel metering code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2311", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2311. ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT", "url": "/statutes/OC/2311.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2311.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a licensing and safety system for electric vehicle charging stations that sell electricity to the public in Texas. It requires providers to register each charger, follow inspection and maintenance standards, disclose fees and surcharges, give receipts, and allows the state to enforce compliance, while exempting private or non‑commercial chargers.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need to register my public EV charging station in Texas?", "What inspections are required for electric vehicle chargers?", "Can a home charger be exempt from state regulations?", "What fee information must be shown to customers before they start charging?", "How must a charger provider disclose surcharges and pricing?", "What details must be included in a receipt for an EV charging transaction?", "What actions does the state take if a charger is unsafe or out of order?", "Can the state deny a registration or impose penalties for rule violations?", "Are there special rules for older chargers that don’t measure electricity usage?", "Who handles consumer complaints about EV charging equipment?", "What fees does the state charge for registering a charging station?", "Can a business offer free charging without following the chapter’s requirements?" ], "issue_tags": [ "electric-vehicle-charging", "registration", "inspections", "consumer-disclosures", "exemptions", "enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "EV charging station regulations", "electric vehicle supply equipment rules", "Texas EV charger compliance", "public EV charger licensing", "electric vehicle charging provider obligations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2311A", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2311A. ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATIONS", "url": "/statutes/OC/2311A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2311A.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for electric vehicle charging stations that are built after December 1, 2024, are open to the public, and are paid for with public money. The Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation, working with the Texas Department of Transportation, must create standards that require these stations to have a common charging plug that works with as many electric vehicles as possible.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to follow specific standards when installing a public EV charging station after Dec 1 2024?", "What types of electric vehicle chargers are required for publicly funded stations in Texas?", "Are privately owned EV chargers subject to the same rules as public ones?", "Which Texas agencies are responsible for setting EV charging station standards?", "Do public grant or rebate programs require a standard connector on the chargers they fund?", "Can a charging station installed before Dec 1 2024 be exempt from these standards?", "What does “widely compatible” mean for EV charging plugs under Texas law?", "Are there any penalties if a public EV charger doesn’t meet the required standards?", "How do I find the official standards for public EV charging stations in Texas?", "Will a charging station that is only for a private fleet need to follow these rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "electric-vehicle", "charging-stations", "public-infrastructure", "standards", "licensing", "texas" ], "synonyms": [ "EV charging station standards", "public electric vehicle charger regulations", "Texas electric vehicle charger rules", "public EV charger requirements", "standardized EV plug mandates" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2351", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2351. STEVEDORES", "url": "/statutes/OC/2351.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2351.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for anyone who contracts to load or unload ships in Texas. It requires stevedores to post a $5,000 bond and obtain a county license, pay workers on time, and renew both each year. It also explains how workers can sue the bond for unpaid wages and outlines fines for operating without the required bond or license.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a license to work as a stevedore in Texas?", "What bond amount is required for a contracting stevedore?", "Do I have to get a bond and license in every county where I work?", "How do I apply for a stevedore license and who approves it?", "How much is the annual license fee for a stevedore?", "How often must I renew my stevedore bond and license?", "What happens if I don’t pay my loading crew on time?", "Can a worker sue the stevedore’s bond for unpaid wages?", "What are the penalties for operating without the required bond or license?", "Where is the stevedore bond filed and who receives it?", "What is the process if my bond is exhausted due to wage claims?", "Is the bond payable to the county judge or another entity?" ], "issue_tags": [ "stevedore-licensing", "bond-requirements", "wage-protection", "maritime-labor", "licensing-penalties", "county-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "contracting stevedore regulations", "stevedore bond and license rules", "port labor licensing", "vessel loading/unloading licensing", "Texas stevedore statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2352", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2352. BOAT MANUFACTURERS, DISTRIBUTORS, AND DEALERS", "url": "/statutes/OC/2352.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2352.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rules for how boat manufacturers, distributors, and dealers must work together in Texas. It requires a written agreement with specific terms, defines performance and marketing standards, limits where dealers can sell, and outlines what happens if either side defaults or the agreement ends. It also covers delivery, financing, parts, warranty compensation, repurchase of inventory, and penalties for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a written contract to sell new boats or boat motors in Texas?", "What must be included in a boat dealer agreement?", "How long must a boat dealer agreement last?", "Can a dealer sell boats outside of their assigned territory?", "What are the performance standards a dealer must meet?", "What happens if a dealer or manufacturer defaults on the agreement?", "Can a manufacturer force a dealer to use a specific financing source?", "How are warranty service payments handled between manufacturers and dealers?", "What are the rules for returning unsold boats or parts after an agreement ends?", "What penalties apply if a manufacturer or distributor violates the boat dealer rules?", "Where must a dispute over a boat dealer agreement be heard?", "Can a dealer be required to go to arbitration far from their business?" ], "issue_tags": [ "boat-manufacturers", "dealer-agreements", "performance-standards", "territory-restrictions", "warranty-compensation", "default-remedies", "repurchase", "civil-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Boat dealer agreement law", "Texas boat manufacturer regulations", "Boat sales contract statutes", "Boat dealer territory rules", "Boat manufacturer-distributor rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2401", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2401. TRANSPORTATION SERVICE PROVIDERS", "url": "/statutes/OC/2401.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2401.json", "summary": "This chapter defines who is considered a transportation service provider (or freight forwarder) in Texas and sets out the record‑keeping duties they must follow for each shipment they handle. It gives the Department of Public Safety the power to examine and audit those records, and it outlines civil and criminal penalties for knowingly breaking the rules. Certain businesses, like customs brokers, alcohol distributors, and ocean freight forwarders, are excluded from these requirements.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need to keep a record for every shipment I handle as a freight forwarder?", "What details must be included in the shipment record?", "How long must I retain shipment records?", "Can the Department of Public Safety audit my transportation service business?", "What civil penalties could I face for violating the record‑keeping rules?", "Is a violation of this chapter considered a criminal offense?", "Are customs brokers required to follow these transportation service provider rules?", "Do ocean freight forwarders have to comply with this chapter?", "Who is considered a transportation service provider under Texas law?", "Can a local law‑enforcement agency file a complaint against a freight forwarder?", "Are companies that deliver alcoholic beverages subject to these requirements?", "What authority does the department have to investigate alleged violations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "transportation-service-provider", "freight-forwarding", "record-keeping", "department-audit", "civil-penalty", "criminal-misdemeanor", "exemptions" ], "synonyms": [ "freight forwarder regulations", "transportation service provider rules", "Texas freight forwarding statute", "TX transportation service provider law", "transportation service provider compliance", "freight forwarder record requirements" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2402", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2402. TRANSPORTATION NETWORK AND DELIVERY NETWORK COMPANIES", "url": "/statutes/OC/2402.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2402.json", "summary": "This chapter sets statewide rules for companies that use apps to arrange rides or deliveries, requiring them to get a state permit and pay a fee. It outlines driver and delivery‑person background checks, insurance, fare disclosure, non‑discrimination, and vehicle standards, and it applies even to automated vehicles. Local governments can’t add extra taxes or licensing requirements, though airports and cruise terminals may charge reasonable fees. Companies must keep records and can lose their permit for violations.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need a state permit to operate a ride‑hailing or delivery app in Texas?", "What background checks are required for drivers or delivery persons on these platforms?", "Can a city charge extra fees or require additional licenses for ride‑share companies?", "What insurance coverage must a transportation network company provide?", "How must fares and driver information be shown to passengers before a ride?", "Are drivers for app‑based services considered employees or independent contractors?", "What vehicle requirements apply to cars used for digitally prearranged rides?", "Do the rules cover autonomous (self‑driving) vehicles used for rides?", "What non‑discrimination policies must these companies follow?", "How long must companies keep records of rides and driver information?" ], "issue_tags": [ "ride-hailing", "delivery-apps", "permit-requirements", "driver-screening", "insurance", "non-discrimination", "automated-vehicles" ], "synonyms": [ "Transportation network company regulation", "Ride‑share law", "App‑based delivery regulation", "Digital platform transportation rules", "Texas ride‑hail statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "OC", "code_name": "Occupations Code", "chapter": "2501", "title": "OCCUPATIONS CODE CHAPTER 2501. PERSONNEL SERVICES", "url": "/statutes/OC/2501.md", "json_url": "/statutes/OC/2501.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for Texas personnel services, such as staffing agencies and recruiters, defining who they are and what they can do. It bans deceptive practices, limits when and how fees can be charged, requires clear advertising disclosures, and provides civil and criminal penalties for violations. Certain government-run services and licensed counselors are exempt.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a staffing agency charge me a fee before I accept a job offer?", "What is the maximum fee a recruiter can charge if I leave the job early?", "Am I allowed to be asked to quit my current job to get a new one through a personnel service?", "Can a personnel service share my resume or other personal information without my permission?", "What disclosures must a recruiter make when advertising a job opening?", "Are government-run employment services subject to these rules?", "What civil remedies do I have if a staffing agency deceives me?", "What criminal penalties can a personnel service face for violating the law?", "Is a staffing agency's client list considered a trade secret?", "Do licensed professional counselors have to follow these rules?", "Can an employer or job seeker share fees with a staffing agency?", "What types of employment services are excluded from this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "personnel-service", "fee-regulation", "prohibited-practices", "civil-liability", "criminal-penalty", "employment-recruiting" ], "synonyms": [ "personnel service regulations", "staffing agency rules", "recruiter fee restrictions", "Texas personnel service code", "employment agency statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "1", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/PE/1.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/1.json", "summary": "Chapter 1 of the Texas Penal Code sets out the overall goals of the criminal law, explains how the state claims jurisdiction over offenses, and provides rules for interpreting the code. It also defines many key terms used throughout the code, outlines how offenses are classified, and prevents local governments from creating conflicting criminal penalties. The chapter includes provisions on preemption, concurrent jurisdiction for state property crimes, and limits on cooperation with certain federal firearm regulations.", "questions_answered": [ "What are the main purposes of the Texas Penal Code?", "When does Texas have jurisdiction over a crime that happened outside the state?", "What does the Penal Code mean by terms like 'act', 'actor', or 'deadly weapon'?", "Can a city or county create its own criminal offenses that conflict with the Penal Code?", "How does the Penal Code say offenses should be interpreted and applied?", "What is the difference between a felony and a misdemeanor under the code?", "How is a person's age calculated for criminal statutes?", "What rules apply to the state’s cooperation with federal gun regulations?", "Who is considered a peace officer according to the Penal Code?", "What does the code say about the use of state funds by local governments in relation to federal firearm rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "penal-code-general-provisions", "jurisdiction", "definitions", "preemption", "code-construction", "federal-firearm-regulation" ], "synonyms": [ "General Provisions of the Texas Penal Code", "Penal Code Chapter 1", "Introductory provisions", "Texas criminal law basics", "Penal Code overview" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "2", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 2. BURDEN OF PROOF", "url": "/statutes/PE/2.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/2.json", "summary": "Chapter 2 sets out who must prove what in a criminal case. It says the state must prove every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt, and explains how exceptions, defenses, and affirmative defenses are labeled and who bears the proof. It also details how presumptions work, whether they favor the prosecution or the defendant, and how juries should be instructed about them.", "questions_answered": [ "What level of proof does the state need to convict someone of a crime?", "Does being arrested or charged mean a person is presumed guilty?", "Who has to prove that an exception to a crime does not apply?", "Who must prove a defense or affirmative defense, and what standard is used?", "What is the difference between a regular defense and an affirmative defense?", "How does a presumption in favor of the defendant affect the trial?", "When must a jury be instructed about a presumption that favors the prosecution?", "What happens if the jury has reasonable doubt about a fact that is presumed?", "Do prosecutors need to disprove a defense that is not labeled in the statute?", "How are exceptions to offenses identified in the charging document?" ], "issue_tags": [ "burden-of-proof", "presumption", "defense", "affirmative-defense", "criminal-procedure", "standard-of-proof" ], "synonyms": [ "proof burden rules", "presumption rules", "defense labeling requirements", "exception handling in criminal law", "criminal burden of proof standards" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "3", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 3. MULTIPLE PROSECUTIONS", "url": "/statutes/PE/3.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/3.json", "summary": "This chapter lets the state combine several crimes that stem from the same incident into one trial, and it sets rules for how and when that can happen. It also tells courts when sentences should run at the same time or one after another, especially for certain serious offenses. Defendants have a right to ask that the charges be split into separate trials if joining them would be unfair.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a person be tried for more than one crime in a single court case?", "What does the law mean by a 'criminal episode'?", "When does the state have to give notice before joining multiple charges in one trial?", "Can a judge order the charges to be tried separately (severed) instead of together?", "How does the court decide whether sentences for multiple convictions run together or one after another?", "Are there specific crimes that must be sentenced consecutively even if they are part of the same case?", "If a conviction is overturned, can the state add new charges that weren’t part of the original trial?", "What rights does a defendant have to request a separate trial for each offense?", "Does a plea agreement affect whether sentences are concurrent or consecutive?", "What happens to sentencing if the case is transferred to a family court?" ], "issue_tags": [ "multiple-prosecutions", "joinder", "severance", "sentencing", "criminal-episode", "concurrent-sentences", "consecutive-sentences" ], "synonyms": [ "joint prosecution rules", "consolidated charges", "single trial for multiple offenses", "multiple charges in one case", "criminal episode definition", "severance of offenses" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "6", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 6. CULPABILITY GENERALLY", "url": "/statutes/PE/6.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/6.json", "summary": "This chapter explains that a crime in Texas requires a voluntary act or omission and a guilty mind, which can be intent, knowledge, recklessness, or criminal negligence. It also defines those mental states and shows how a person's conduct must cause the result for criminal responsibility. The rules apply to both state offenses and certain local ordinances.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to intend to do something for it to be a crime?", "What does it mean to act knowingly versus recklessly?", "Can I be charged for simply possessing something?", "When does failing to act become a criminal offense?", "How does Texas define criminal negligence?", "What level of mental state is needed for different crimes?", "How is causation determined in a criminal case?", "Do local city or county ordinances require a mental state for fines?", "Can I be held responsible if my conduct only helped cause the result?", "What is the difference between an intentional act and a reckless act?" ], "issue_tags": [ "culpability", "mental-state", "voluntary-act", "causation", "criminal-responsibility", "omission", "possession" ], "synonyms": [ "mental state requirements", "culpability rules", "criminal intent standards", "voluntary act doctrine", "Texas culpability statutes", "criminal responsibility definitions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "7", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 7. CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR CONDUCT OF ANOTHER", "url": "/statutes/PE/7.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/7.json", "summary": "This chapter tells when someone can be charged for a crime that another person commits. It covers people who help, encourage, or fail to stop a crime, as well as corporations and other business entities that can be held liable for offenses done by their agents. The law treats all parties the same, removing the old split between principals and accomplices, and it gives businesses a defense if they showed due diligence.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I be criminally charged for a crime my employee commits?", "Am I liable if I helped plan or encouraged someone else's illegal act?", "Does a corporation face criminal charges if a manager directs a crime?", "What happens if a conspiracy leads to a different felony than originally planned?", "Can a business avoid liability by proving it tried to prevent the offense?", "Is a partner in a partnership responsible for crimes committed by the partnership?", "Do I still get charged if the person I helped is acquitted or immune?", "What does \"high managerial agent\" mean for corporate criminal responsibility?", "Can a corporation be held liable for strict‑liability offenses?", "Is there a defense if I was part of a group but didn’t personally commit the crime?" ], "issue_tags": [ "complicity", "corporate-liability", "vicarious-criminal-responsibility", "conspiracy", "business-entity-liability", "defenses" ], "synonyms": [ "vicarious liability", "secondary liability", "accomplice liability", "corporate criminal responsibility", "responsibility for another's conduct", "joint criminal liability" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "8", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 8. GENERAL DEFENSES TO CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY", "url": "/statutes/PE/8.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/8.json", "summary": "This chapter outlines the various defenses a person can raise to avoid or lessen criminal liability, including insanity, mistakes of fact or law, intoxication, duress, entrapment, age, mental capacity, and being a victim of trafficking. It explains when each defense is available and any limits on its use.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I be found not guilty if I was mentally ill and didn’t know my actions were wrong?", "Does a genuine mistake about what actually happened protect me from a crime charge?", "Is it a defense if I didn’t understand the law because I thought my conduct was legal?", "Can I use voluntary intoxication as a defense to avoid a conviction?", "Am I excused from committing a crime if I was forced under threat of death or serious injury?", "Is it a defense if a police officer persuaded me to commit the offense?", "Can a minor be prosecuted for a crime they committed before turning 15?", "What if a child or a child with a disability lacks the capacity to understand the charges?", "Does being a victim of trafficking or forced prostitution give me a defense?", "Can I be charged with a lesser offense if my mistake of fact or law is proven?", "Are there any crimes where a mistake of law is not a defense at all?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insanity-defense", "mistake-of-fact", "mistake-of-law", "duress", "entrapment", "age-of-liability", "mental-capacity", "victim-of-trafficking" ], "synonyms": [ "general defenses", "affirmative defenses", "defenses to criminal responsibility", "criminal defenses", "legal defenses" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "9", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 9. JUSTIFICATION EXCLUDING CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY", "url": "/statutes/PE/9.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/9.json", "summary": "Chapter 9 lays out when a person’s use of force, including deadly force, is legally justified in Texas. It covers self‑defense, defense of others, protection of property, law‑enforcement actions, and special relationships like parent‑child. The chapter also explains when force is not justified and how civil remedies may still apply.", "questions_answered": [ "When can I legally use force to protect myself from someone’s attack?", "Under what circumstances is deadly force allowed in self‑defense?", "Can I use force or deadly force to protect my home, car, or other property?", "What are the rules for police officers or civilians using force during an arrest or search?", "Am I required to retreat before I use force against an intruder?", "Can I use force to defend a third person who is being attacked?", "What justification is needed for a parent or guardian to use force on a child?", "When is it lawful for a correctional officer to use force on an inmate?", "Is it ever legal to use force to stop someone from escaping custody?", "Can I use force to prevent someone from committing suicide or harming themselves?" ], "issue_tags": [ "self-defense", "deadly-force", "property-protection", "law-enforcement", "justification", "use-of-force", "special-relationships" ], "synonyms": [ "justification defense", "use of force statutes", "self‑defense law", "deadly force justification", "Texas justification chapter", "defense of persons and property" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "12", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 12. PUNISHMENTS", "url": "/statutes/PE/12.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/12.json", "summary": "Chapter 12 of the Texas Penal Code sets out how criminal offenses are classified and what punishments apply. It defines the categories for felonies and misdemeanors, specifies the maximum fines and jail terms for each class, and outlines special rules for repeat offenders, bias crimes, and corporate entities. The chapter also explains how certain circumstances, like using a weapon or committing a crime in a disaster area, can increase the penalty.", "questions_answered": [ "What are the different classes of misdemeanors and felonies in Texas?", "How much jail time and fine can I receive for a Class A misdemeanor?", "What is the maximum punishment for a capital felony?", "Can a repeat offender be sentenced to a higher degree felony?", "How does the law increase penalties for crimes committed because of bias or prejudice?", "What penalties can a corporation face for a criminal conviction?", "When can a state jail felony be reduced to a misdemeanor punishment?", "What extra punishment applies if a weapon is used during a crime?", "How are offenses punished if they occur in a disaster or evacuation zone?", "Can prior convictions be used more than once to enhance a sentence?" ], "issue_tags": [ "offense-classification", "sentencing-guidelines", "repeat-offender-enhancements", "bias-crime-penalties", "corporate-fines", "weapon-use-enhancement", "disaster-area-sentencing" ], "synonyms": [ "penalties chapter", "punishment provisions", "criminal sentencing rules", "offense classification and sentencing" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "15", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 15. PREPARATORY OFFENSES", "url": "/statutes/PE/15.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/15.json", "summary": "Chapter 15 defines Texas crimes that involve planning or encouraging other crimes, such as criminal attempt, conspiracy, and solicitation, including special rules for soliciting minors and grooming children. It sets the penalties for these preparatory offenses and provides a limited defense if a person voluntarily abandons the criminal plan. The chapter also clarifies that trying to commit a preparatory offense itself is not a crime.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a criminal attempt and how is it punished in Texas?", "Can I be charged with conspiracy even if the planned felony never happens?", "What does criminal solicitation mean and what are the penalties?", "Is it illegal to solicit a minor to commit a crime, and how is it punished?", "What is child grooming and what felony level does it carry?", "Can I avoid liability by renouncing my criminal plan before the crime is carried out?", "Does attempting a crime that later actually occurs still count as a separate offense?", "What defenses are available if I withdraw from a conspiracy or solicitation?", "How does the law treat attempts to commit the preparatory offenses themselves?", "What are the differences in punishment between attempt, conspiracy, and solicitation?" ], "issue_tags": [ "criminal-attempt", "conspiracy", "solicitation", "child-grooming", "renunciation-defense", "preparatory-offenses" ], "synonyms": [ "preparatory crimes", "inchoate offenses", "attempt and conspiracy statutes", "criminal solicitation law", "child grooming statute", "renunciation defense provision" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "16", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 16. CRIMINAL INSTRUMENTS, INTERCEPTION OF WIRE OR ORAL COMMUNICATION, AND INSTALLATION OF TRACKING DEVICE", "url": "/statutes/PE/16.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/16.json", "summary": "This chapter makes it a crime to possess, make, sell, or install devices that are specially designed for illegal activities, such as lock‑pick tools, wire‑tapping equipment, and GPS trackers. It also defines illegal interception of phone, oral, or electronic communications and sets out when law‑enforcement may lawfully intercept, as well as defenses for certain authorized parties. The chapter outlines penalties for these offenses and provides limited affirmative defenses.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sell or distribute lock‑pick tools or other devices meant for breaking into property?", "Is it illegal to install a GPS or other tracking device on someone else's vehicle without their consent?", "What are the penalties for using a device to eavesdrop on phone calls or other electronic communications?", "When can police or other officials legally intercept a phone call, email, or radio transmission?", "Can a private investigator use a pen register or trap‑and‑trace device without a court order?", "Is advertising a device that can tap communications a crime?", "What counts as a \"criminal instrument\" under Texas law?", "Am I allowed to intercept a radio broadcast that is publicly available?", "What defenses exist if I was acting on behalf of a telecom company or law‑enforcement agency?", "Is it a crime to access stored electronic communications (like emails) without permission?", "Can I be charged for installing a tracking device if I believed the owner gave consent?", "What are the rules for disclosing the contents of a communication that I intercepted?" ], "issue_tags": [ "criminal-instruments", "communication-interception", "tracking-devices", "pen-register", "electronic-privacy", "unauthorized-access" ], "synonyms": [ "illegal lock‑pick statutes", "wiretapping and eavesdropping laws", "tracking device regulations", "interception device offenses", "pen register and trap‑and‑trace rules", "electronic surveillance statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "19", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 19. CRIMINAL HOMICIDE", "url": "/statutes/PE/19.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/19.json", "summary": "Chapter 19 of the Texas Penal Code defines criminal homicide and breaks it down into murder, capital murder, manslaughter, and criminally negligent homicide. It explains what actions count as each type, lists special circumstances that make a murder a capital murder, and notes a limited exception for deaths of unborn children in certain medical situations.", "questions_answered": [ "What actions are considered murder versus manslaughter in Texas?", "When does a murder become capital murder?", "What does ‘sudden passion’ mean as a defense to a murder charge?", "Can someone be charged with homicide for making or delivering a controlled substance that causes a death?", "What is the difference between criminally negligent homicide and manslaughter?", "Are there any homicide charges for the death of an unborn child?", "What penalties apply to each type of criminal homicide?", "Does killing a police officer or firefighter automatically make it capital murder?", "How does Texas law treat killings that happen during other felonies like robbery or kidnapping?", "What are the possible defenses to a homicide charge under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "criminal-homicide", "murder", "capital-murder", "manslaughter", "negligent-homicide", "texas-penal-code" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas homicide statutes", "Chapter 19 homicide", "Texas murder law", "Criminal homicide statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "20", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 20. KIDNAPPING, UNLAWFUL RESTRAINT, AND SMUGGLING OF PERSONS", "url": "/statutes/PE/20.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/20.json", "summary": "Chapter 20 of the Texas Penal Code defines and criminalizes kidnapping, unlawful restraint, and the smuggling of people. It explains what actions count as these crimes, the possible penalties ranging from misdemeanors to first‑degree felonies, and the limited defenses that may apply, such as when a relative restrains a child. The chapter also covers related offenses like continuous smuggling and using a property as a stash house.", "questions_answered": [ "What actions are considered kidnapping under Texas law?", "When does restraining a person become an illegal offense?", "What penalties apply for kidnapping a minor versus an adult?", "Can a family member be charged for holding a child without consent?", "What is the difference between unlawful restraint and kidnapping?", "What crimes are covered by the smuggling of persons provisions?", "How are repeat or continuous smuggling offenses punished?", "What is a stash house offense and how is it punished?", "What defenses are available for someone charged with unlawful restraint?", "When does a kidnapping become aggravated kidnapping and a first‑degree felony?", "How does Texas treat the use of a firearm during a kidnapping or smuggling crime?", "What are the penalties for smuggling a child or using a firearm in a smuggling operation?" ], "issue_tags": [ "kidnapping", "unlawful-restraint", "person-smuggling", "felony-penalties", "defenses", "stash-house" ], "synonyms": [ "Kidnapping law", "Unlawful restraint statutes", "Person smuggling provisions", "Texas kidnapping and restraint code", "Chapter 20 offenses", "Kidnapping and smuggling statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "20A", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 20A. TRAFFICKING OF PERSONS", "url": "/statutes/PE/20A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/20A.json", "summary": "This chapter defines and criminalizes the trafficking of people in Texas, covering forced labor, sexual exploitation, and the abuse of children and disabled individuals. It sets out what actions count as trafficking, the penalties for those crimes, and special rules for offenses committed near schools or other protected locations. The law also details how accomplices may be compelled to testify and gives the attorney general authority to prosecute these cases.", "questions_answered": [ "What actions are considered trafficking of a person in Texas?", "Does Texas law criminalize forced labor that isn’t sexual in nature?", "Can someone be charged for trafficking a child or disabled person even if they didn’t know the victim’s age or disability?", "What penalties apply for trafficking offenses, especially when they involve serious injury or death?", "Are there enhanced punishments for trafficking crimes committed near schools, colleges, or shelters?", "What does \"coercion\" mean under Texas trafficking statutes?", "What is the difference between a single trafficking offense and continuous trafficking?", "Can a person be required to testify in a trafficking case without being prosecuted themselves?", "Who has the authority to prosecute trafficking offenses in Texas?", "What crimes are covered when a trafficked person is forced into prostitution or other sexual conduct?" ], "issue_tags": [ "trafficking", "forced-labor", "child-exploitation", "sexual-exploitation", "coercion", "felony-penalties", "continuous-trafficking" ], "synonyms": [ "Human trafficking statutes", "Texas trafficking of persons law", "Section 20A", "Trafficking offenses chapter", "Person trafficking chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "21", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 21. SEXUAL OFFENSES", "url": "/statutes/PE/21.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/21.json", "summary": "Chapter 21 of the Texas Penal Code defines and criminalizes a wide range of sexual conduct, from deviate intercourse and sexual contact to more serious offenses like continuous sexual abuse of children or disabled individuals, bestiality, and sexual coercion. It sets out specific penalties, including felony classifications and possible defenses, for acts such as public lewdness, indecent exposure, invasive visual recording, unlawful disclosure of intimate images, deep‑fake media, voyeurism, and improper relationships between educators and students. The chapter also provides definitions for key terms and outlines how multiple offenses are handled in prosecution.", "questions_answered": [ "What actions are considered continuous sexual abuse of a child or disabled person?", "How does Texas law define indecency with a child and what are the penalties?", "Can a teacher be charged for sexual contact with a student, and what are the possible defenses?", "What behavior is illegal under the public lewdness statute?", "What activities are prohibited as bestiality in Texas?", "Is it a crime to record someone in a changing room or bathroom without consent?", "What are the rules for sharing intimate photos or videos without the person's permission?", "How does Texas law treat deep‑fake sexual media and what penalties apply?", "What is voyeurism and how is it punished in Texas?", "What constitutes sexual coercion or extortion under this chapter?", "What does the term 'deviate sexual intercourse' mean?", "Are there any affirmative defenses for sexual offenses involving minors?" ], "issue_tags": [ "sexual-offenses", "child-abuse", "consent", "privacy", "digital-sexual-crime", "educator-student", "bestiality", "public-lewdness" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Penal Code Chapter 21", "Sexual Offenses Statute", "Texas sexual crime laws", "Chapter 21 sexual offenses", "Texas sexual conduct statutes", "Penal Code sexual offenses" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "22", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 22. ASSAULTIVE OFFENSES", "url": "/statutes/PE/22.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/22.json", "summary": "Chapter 22 of the Texas Penal Code defines a range of assault-related crimes, from simple assault and indecent assault to sexual assault, aggravated assault, and related offenses like terroristic threats and aiding suicide. It sets out who can be protected (such as public servants, family members, pregnant individuals, and vulnerable groups) and how penalties increase when those protected classes are targeted or when a deadly weapon is used. The chapter also provides defenses, including consent and certain medical or occupational contexts, and outlines specific offenses like leaving a child in a vehicle or tampering with consumer products.", "questions_answered": [ "What actions count as assault under Texas law?", "How is aggravated assault different from simple assault, and what are the penalties?", "Can I be charged for threatening someone with violence even if I don’t cause physical injury?", "What are the penalties for assaulting a police officer, firefighter, or other public servant?", "What constitutes sexual assault or aggravated sexual assault, especially involving a child?", "What is indecent assault and how is it punished?", "Is it illegal to leave a child alone in a car, and what are the consequences?", "What does Texas law say about terroristic threats and how are they punished?", "What are the rules and penalties for aiding or encouraging suicide?", "What is considered tampering with a consumer product and how is it punished?", "When can consent be used as a defense to assault or deadly conduct charges?", "What offenses apply to harming or endangering children, elderly, or disabled individuals?" ], "issue_tags": [ "assault", "sexual-assault", "aggravated-assault", "terroristic-threat", "child-protection", "consent-defense", "public-servant", "violent-crime" ], "synonyms": [ "Assault statutes", "Texas assault laws", "Assault and related offenses", "Violent crime statutes", "Assaultive offenses chapter", "Assault and sexual assault provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "25", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 25. OFFENSES AGAINST THE FAMILY", "url": "/statutes/PE/25.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/25.json", "summary": "Chapter 25 lists Texas crimes that involve family relationships. It covers illegal marriages, incest, taking or keeping a child against a court order, helping with child abductions, failing to support a child, harboring runaways, violating protective orders, illegal adoption transactions, and repeated violations of family‑related court orders.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I be charged with bigamy if I thought my first marriage was void or ended?", "What relationships are considered incest under Texas law?", "What are the penalties for taking a child in violation of a custody order?", "Is it a crime to agree to abduct a child for money or other compensation?", "What can happen if I fail to pay child support that a court ordered?", "What does it mean to harbor a runaway child and what are the consequences?", "Can I be prosecuted for violating a protective order that was issued for family violence?", "Is it illegal to sell or purchase a child, even for adoption purposes?", "What are the rules and penalties for transferring custody of an adopted child without court approval?", "What offenses apply if I repeatedly violate a protective order or court order within a year?", "Is advertising that I will place a child for adoption a crime?", "What is considered continuous violence against family members and how is it punished?" ], "issue_tags": [ "bigamy", "incest", "child-custody", "child-abduction", "child-support", "protective-order", "adoption-violations", "family-violence" ], "synonyms": [ "family offenses", "crimes against family members", "domestic criminal statutes", "family‑related crimes", "offenses involving marriage and children" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "28", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 28. ARSON, CRIMINAL MISCHIEF, AND OTHER PROPERTY DAMAGE OR DESTRUCTION", "url": "/statutes/PE/28.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/28.json", "summary": "Chapter 28 sets out Texas crimes for intentionally or recklessly damaging or destroying property, including starting fires (arson), vandalism, graffiti, tampering with railroad equipment, and attacking critical infrastructure. It defines the types of property covered, how loss is measured, and assigns penalties that range from misdemeanors to first‑degree felonies based on the value of the damage and any injuries caused.", "questions_answered": [ "What actions count as arson under Texas law?", "How is criminal mischief defined and what damages trigger it?", "What penalties apply if I start a fire that harms a building or vehicle?", "How is the value of property loss calculated for these offenses?", "What are the penalties for graffiti on private or public property?", "What crimes and punishments apply for tampering with railroad tracks or equipment?", "What constitutes a crime against a critical infrastructure facility like a power substation?", "Can I avoid prosecution for a fire if I had a city permit?", "What are the consequences for damaging a school, place of worship, or cemetery?", "How does Texas treat reckless damage without intent to cause harm?", "What extra penalties apply if the offense is committed while making a controlled substance?", "Are there enhanced penalties if the property damage is part of another crime?" ], "issue_tags": [ "arson", "criminal-mischief", "property-damage", "graffiti", "railroad-interference", "critical-infrastructure", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas arson and property destruction statutes", "Criminal mischief law", "Property damage offenses", "Graffiti crime provisions", "Railroad property tampering law", "Critical infrastructure sabotage statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "29", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 29. ROBBERY", "url": "/statutes/PE/29.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/29.json", "summary": "Chapter 29 defines robbery and related offenses in Texas. It explains when a theft becomes robbery, what makes robbery aggravated, and introduces a new crime called jugging that involves following a bank customer with multiple weapons. The chapter also sets the penalty levels for each type of robbery.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the legal definition of robbery in Texas?", "When does a theft turn into robbery?", "What actions make a robbery an aggravated robbery?", "How does the law treat victims who are elderly or disabled in robbery cases?", "What penalties apply to a basic robbery charge?", "What penalties apply to an aggravated robbery charge?", "What is the new offense called jugging?", "What behavior constitutes jugging under Texas law?", "Can someone be charged with both robbery and jugging for the same act?", "What class of felony is a robbery versus an aggravated robbery?" ], "issue_tags": [ "robbery", "aggravated-robbery", "violent-crime", "property-crime", "felony-classifications", "disabled-victims", "jugging" ], "synonyms": [ "robbery statutes", "robbery law", "Texas robbery chapter", "robbery and aggravated robbery provisions", "jugging offense" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "30", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 30. BURGLARY AND CRIMINAL TRESPASS", "url": "/statutes/PE/30.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/30.json", "summary": "Chapter 30 of the Texas Penal Code defines and punishes burglary, including breaking into homes, buildings, vehicles, and coin‑operated machines, as well as criminal trespass. It sets different felony levels based on the type of property and the intended crime, and adds special rules for trespassing when a licensed handgun is carried, either concealed or openly. The chapter also lists defenses and notice requirements for property owners. It covers penalties ranging from misdemeanors to first‑degree felonies.", "questions_answered": [ "What actions count as burglary in Texas?", "How is burglary punished if it happens in a home versus a commercial building?", "Can I be charged with burglary for breaking into a car or other vehicle?", "What are the penalties for breaking into a coin‑operated machine?", "When does criminal trespass become a felony?", "What notice must a property owner give to prohibit entry with a firearm?", "What are the penalties for a handgun license holder who enters property with a concealed gun without permission?", "Does openly carrying a handgun on someone else's land count as trespass?", "Are there defenses for emergency responders or utility workers who enter restricted property?", "How does Texas law treat repeat burglary offenses?" ], "issue_tags": [ "burglary", "criminal-trespass", "property-crime", "firearm-trespass", "vehicle-burglary", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas burglary law", "Penal Code Chapter 30", "burglary and trespass statutes", "property crime statutes", "criminal trespass provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "31", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 31. THEFT", "url": "/statutes/PE/31.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/31.json", "summary": "Chapter 31 of the Texas Penal Code defines theft and related crimes, covering the unlawful taking of property, services, trade secrets, and other assets. It sets out what counts as deception, deprivation, and effective consent, and outlines penalties that range from misdemeanors to first‑degree felonies based on the value of the stolen item and special circumstances. The chapter also includes specific rules for retail theft, motor‑vehicle theft, mail theft, catalytic converters, copper/brass material, and theft of services.", "questions_answered": [ "What actions count as theft under Texas law?", "How does Texas define theft of services?", "What are the penalties for stealing property worth $500?", "When does theft become a felony for motor vehicles or other high‑value items?", "What is considered deception in a theft case?", "How does the law treat shoplifting or retail merchandise theft?", "What extra penalties apply if the victim is an elderly or disabled person?", "What crime is committed by operating someone else's vehicle without permission?", "How is theft of trade secrets punished in Texas?", "What are the penalties for possessing a stolen catalytic converter?", "When does stealing mail become a felony?", "What is the difference between theft and theft of service?" ], "issue_tags": [ "theft", "property-crime", "service-theft", "trade-secret", "retail-theft", "motor-vehicle-theft", "mail-theft", "catalytic-converter" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas theft statutes", "Chapter 31 theft law", "offenses against property", "theft and related offenses" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "32", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 32. FRAUD", "url": "/statutes/PE/32.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/32.json", "summary": "Chapter 32 of the Texas Penal Code defines and punishes a wide range of fraud‑related crimes, from forging documents and counterfeiting trademarks to using stolen credit cards and making false statements to obtain money, property, or services. It sets value thresholds that determine the severity of the offense and includes special provisions for elder abuse, deceptive business practices, and fraudulent academic or real‑estate transactions. The chapter also covers newer fraud schemes such as gift‑card fraud, identity theft, and financial abuse using digital media.", "questions_answered": [ "What actions count as fraud under Texas law?", "How does Texas define forgery and what penalties apply?", "What are the penalties for using a stolen or counterfeit credit card?", "When is issuing a bad check considered a crime?", "What is illegal about counterfeiting a trademark or brand mark?", "How does the law punish financial abuse of an elderly person?", "What constitutes fraudulent real estate or property transactions?", "What are the consequences of making false statements to get a loan or mortgage?", "Is it a crime to sell or advertise a fake academic paper or thesis?", "What laws apply to counterfeit or tampered gift cards?", "When does a deceptive sales contest become a criminal offense?", "What are the penalties for illegally using someone’s identifying information?" ], "issue_tags": [ "fraud", "forgery", "credit-card-abuse", "counterfeit-mark", "deceptive-business", "elder-abuse", "real-estate-fraud", "identity-theft" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas fraud statutes", "Chapter 32 fraud", "fraud offenses", "fraud and deception laws", "Texas fraud code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "33", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 33. COMPUTER CRIMES", "url": "/statutes/PE/33.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/33.json", "summary": "Chapter 33 of the Texas Penal Code defines and criminalizes a range of computer‑related offenses. It covers unauthorized access to computers, data theft, ransomware attacks, illegal decryption, interference with online services, online solicitation of minors, tampering with electronic voting machines, and impersonation online. The chapter also sets out how penalties are scaled based on the amount of loss or damage and provides limited defenses for security testing or law‑enforcement purposes.", "questions_answered": [ "What can I be charged with for accessing a computer or network without the owner's permission?", "How are penalties decided if I steal or damage data worth a certain amount?", "Is it illegal to spread ransomware or lock someone's computer for a ransom?", "Can I be prosecuted for interrupting someone's internet or computer service?", "What are the laws about contacting or soliciting a minor online for sexual purposes?", "What crimes apply if someone tampers with an electronic voting machine?", "What does unlawful decryption mean and what are the consequences?", "Are there any defenses if I was hired to test a company's computer security?", "What actions count as online impersonation or using someone else's identity on the internet?", "Does the law protect encrypted private information and how?" ], "issue_tags": [ "computer-crime", "hacking", "ransomware", "online-impersonation", "voting-machine-tampering", "minor-solicitation", "data-breach", "encryption" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Computer Crimes Act", "Penal Code Chapter 33", "Texas cybercrime statutes", "Computer crime statutes", "Texas computer offenses" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "33A", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 33A. TELECOMMUNICATIONS CRIMES", "url": "/statutes/PE/33A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/33A.json", "summary": "Chapter 33A defines and criminalizes a range of telecom-related offenses, including using or diverting telephone service without permission, making or selling counterfeit devices, and displaying false caller ID information. Penalties increase with the value of the service obtained or the number of prior convictions, and the law also covers publishing instructions for illegal devices.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a phone company employee be charged for using company service for personal benefit?", "What crimes apply if I sell a cloned phone or other counterfeit telecom device?", "How is the penalty determined when someone steals telephone service worth a certain amount?", "Is it illegal to publish instructions on how to make a device that can hack phone service?", "What are the consequences for repeatedly stealing telecom service?", "Can I be prosecuted for making a call that shows a fake phone number on the recipient’s caller ID?", "Does the law cover the manufacturing of devices that hide the source of a telecom service?", "What counts as a “telecommunications access device” under the statute?", "Are there defenses for law enforcement or telecom workers who block caller ID information?", "How does the law treat a scheme that involves multiple small thefts of telecom service?" ], "issue_tags": [ "telecom-crime", "unauthorized-use", "counterfeit-device", "false-caller-id", "telecom-theft", "telecom-fraud" ], "synonyms": [ "Telecommunications Crimes", "Telecom Fraud Statutes", "Section 33A", "Telecom Device Offenses", "Telecom Theft Law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "34", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 34. MONEY LAUNDERING", "url": "/statutes/PE/34.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/34.json", "summary": "This chapter defines what counts as money laundering in Texas, covering actions like acquiring, moving, investing, or helping transactions involving money that comes from criminal activity. It sets criminal penalties that increase with the amount of money involved, outlines possible defenses, and shields banks from civil lawsuits when they act according to the law.", "questions_answered": [ "What actions are considered money laundering under Texas law?", "Do I have to know the exact crime behind the money to be guilty of laundering it?", "What penalties could I face if I handle large amounts of illicit funds?", "Does a police officer’s statement make me automatically presumed to know the money is illegal?", "What types of money or assets are covered by the laundering statutes?", "Can banks be sued for freezing or handling money suspected of being laundered?", "Are there defenses if I was trying to help law enforcement seize the money?", "Can a lawyer avoid liability if they receive money as legal fees without knowing it’s from crime?", "If I’m charged with money laundering, can I also be charged under other criminal laws for the same conduct?", "How does the law treat multiple sources of illicit money from the same scheme?" ], "issue_tags": [ "money-laundering", "financial-crime", "criminal-penalties", "banking", "legal-defenses", "proceeds-of-crime" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas anti‑money laundering law", "money laundering statutes", "l laundering offenses", "illicit funds handling rules", "proceeds of criminal activity provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "35", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 35. INSURANCE FRAUD", "url": "/statutes/PE/35.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/35.json", "summary": "This chapter makes it a crime to lie to an insurance company when filing a claim or applying for coverage, and it sets penalties that increase with the amount of the false claim. It also covers getting benefits for false claims and lets the attorney general help with investigations and prosecutions.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I be charged for lying on an insurance claim?", "What happens if I exaggerate a loss on my auto insurance?", "Is it illegal to submit a false invoice to my health insurer?", "How are penalties determined for insurance fraud in Texas?", "Does the law treat multiple false claims as one offense?", "Can the attorney general get involved in an insurance fraud case?", "What counts as a material statement to an insurer?", "Do I have to pay restitution if convicted of insurance fraud?", "Are there different crimes for lying on an insurance application versus a claim?", "What claim value is used to decide the crime level?" ], "issue_tags": [ "insurance-fraud", "false-claims", "insurance-application", "criminal-penalties", "restitution", "attorney-general", "claim-value" ], "synonyms": [ "insurance fraud statutes", "false insurance statements", "fraudulent insurance claims", "insurance deception law", "Texas insurance fraud chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "35A", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 35A. HEALTH CARE FRAUD", "url": "/statutes/PE/35A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/35A.json", "summary": "Chapter 35A defines what counts as health‑care fraud in Texas, covering false statements, hidden information, improper claims, unlicensed services, and illegal gifts. It sets penalties that rise with the amount of money involved, and managers can face harsher punishment. The law also lets the attorney general prosecute these offenses alongside local prosecutors.", "questions_answered": [ "What actions are considered health‑care fraud in Texas?", "How does Texas determine the penalty for a health‑care fraud based on the amount of money involved?", "Can a manager or high‑level employee be charged with a higher offense for health‑care fraud?", "Is it illegal to accept gifts or extra payments for services that are already paid by a health‑care program?", "What happens if a claim is submitted for a service provided by someone who isn’t licensed?", "Can a managed care organization be prosecuted for not delivering required health‑care benefits?", "What are the consequences for submitting many fraudulent health‑care claims?", "Does the Texas attorney general have authority to prosecute health‑care fraud cases?", "What is the difference between a misdemeanor and a felony for health‑care fraud?", "Is hiding information to obtain a health‑care payment considered a crime?" ], "issue_tags": [ "health-care-fraud", "texas-penal-code", "fraud-penalties", "medical-claims", "managed-care", "criminal-law" ], "synonyms": [ "Health Care Fraud Statute", "Chapter 35A", "Texas health care fraud law", "Medical fraud provisions", "Health‑care fraud chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "36", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 36. BRIBERY AND CORRUPT INFLUENCE", "url": "/statutes/PE/36.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/36.json", "summary": "Chapter 36 of the Texas Penal Code makes it a crime to offer, give, or accept any benefit to influence a public servant, party official, voter, or witness in their official duties. It also criminalizes coercing officials or voters, improper influence in adjudicatory proceedings, tampering with witnesses, retaliation against public servants, and improper gifts to officials, setting penalties ranging from misdemeanors to felonies.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I give a public official a gift if they are overseeing my case or business?", "What actions count as bribery of a public servant or party official in Texas?", "Is it illegal to pressure a voter to vote a certain way or not vote at all?", "What are the penalties for offering a benefit to influence a judge or administrative decision?", "Can a public servant accept an honorarium for speaking at a conference?", "What constitutes retaliation against a police officer or other public servant who reported a crime?", "Is it a crime to post a public servant’s home address or phone number online?", "Are there exceptions for small gifts, meals, or travel expenses for public officials?", "What rules apply to gifts for retired peace officers or first responders?", "How does the law treat political contributions versus bribery?" ], "issue_tags": [ "bribery", "corrupt-influence", "coercion", "witness-tampering", "retaliation", "public-servant-gifts", "improper-influence" ], "synonyms": [ "Chapter 36 Penal Code", "Texas anti-bribery law", "Corrupt influence statutes", "Public official corruption provisions", "Bribery and corrupt influence chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "37", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 37. PERJURY AND OTHER FALSIFICATION", "url": "/statutes/PE/37.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/37.json", "summary": "Chapter 37 defines and punishes lying under oath, making false statements to officials, and tampering with or forging official and governmental records. It covers ordinary perjury, aggravated perjury in material matters, false reports to police, impersonating public servants, and various forms of record fraud, each with specific penalties ranging from misdemeanors to felonies.", "questions_answered": [ "What is perjury and how is it punished in Texas?", "When does a false statement become aggravated perjury?", "Can I be charged for lying in a civil case that isn’t under oath?", "What are the penalties for filing a false report to a police officer or investigator?", "Is it a crime to falsify a government record like a license or school report?", "What does tampering with evidence mean and how is it punished?", "Can I be prosecuted for impersonating a police officer or other public official?", "What are the consequences of filing a false missing‑person report?", "Is it illegal to misrepresent a child as a family member at a U.S. port of entry?", "Does retracting a false statement before it’s discovered protect me from prosecution?", "What defenses are available if I unintentionally provide a false statement on a government form?" ], "issue_tags": [ "perjury", "aggravated-perjury", "false-report", "record-tampering", "government-fraud", "impersonation", "evidence-fabrication" ], "synonyms": [ "perjury and falsification statutes", "false statements law", "official record tampering", "lying under oath", "fraudulent government documents", "impersonating a public servant" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "38", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 38. OBSTRUCTING GOVERNMENTAL OPERATION", "url": "/statutes/PE/38.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/38.json", "summary": "Chapter 38 makes it a crime to block or interfere with government activities, including refusing to give identifying information to police, resisting arrest or search, fleeing from law enforcement, helping someone escape custody, supplying contraband to inmates, and improperly soliciting professional services. The chapter sets penalties that range from misdemeanors to felonies and includes enhanced punishments for using weapons, repeat offenses, or certain protected victims.", "questions_answered": [ "What happens if I refuse to give my name or address to a police officer who arrests me?", "Can I be charged for giving a false name or address to a police officer?", "What are the penalties for resisting arrest or using force against an officer?", "Is it a crime to flee from a police officer or federal investigator, and how is it punished?", "What crimes apply if I help someone escape from jail or a correctional facility?", "Can I be prosecuted for bringing weapons, drugs, or phones into a prison or mental health facility?", "What are the rules against soliciting legal or professional work from people who haven’t asked for it?", "Is it illegal to interfere with a police service animal or its handler?", "What penalties exist for tampering with an electronic monitoring device while on parole or probation?", "Am I guilty of a crime if I hide, warn, or aid a fugitive from justice?" ], "issue_tags": [ "obstructing-government", "false-identification", "resisting-arrest", "escape-facilitation", "contraband-in-correctional-facilities", "professional-barratry", "police-service-animal-interference" ], "synonyms": [ "Obstructing Government Operations", "Interfering with Law Enforcement", "Government Obstruction Offenses", "Criminal Interference with Public Officials", "Obstruction of Justice", "Blocking Government Functions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "39", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 39. ABUSE OF OFFICE", "url": "/statutes/PE/39.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/39.json", "summary": "Chapter 39 of the Texas Penal Code defines and punishes wrongdoing by public officials. It covers illegal use of government property, actions that oppress or harass people, sexual abuse by officials, failure to report inmate deaths, misuse of confidential information, and ignoring immigration detainer requests. Penalties range from misdemeanors to first‑degree felonies depending on the seriousness of the conduct.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a government employee be charged for using state equipment for personal benefit?", "What crimes apply if a public official steals or misuses government property?", "Is it illegal for a police officer to unlawfully arrest or detain someone?", "What are the penalties for a public servant who sexually harasses or assaults someone in their official capacity?", "Can a correctional officer be prosecuted for abusing the civil rights of inmates?", "What happens if a prison official fails to report an inmate's death?", "Is it a crime for a public official to share confidential government information for personal gain?", "What are the consequences for a sheriff who ignores an immigration detainer request?", "Do officials face higher charges if they misuse government resources worth more than a certain amount?", "Can a public servant be charged for intentionally denying a person their legal rights?" ], "issue_tags": [ "abuse-of-office", "official-misconduct", "misuse-of-government-property", "official-oppression", "sexual-misconduct", "civil-rights-violations", "failure-to-report", "official-information-misuse", "immigration-detainer" ], "synonyms": [ "Abuse of Office", "Official Misconduct", "Public Servant Abuse", "Government Employee Misconduct", "Official Oppression" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "42", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 42. DISORDERLY CONDUCT AND RELATED OFFENSES", "url": "/statutes/PE/42.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/42.json", "summary": "Chapter 42 of the Texas Penal Code defines a range of crimes that disturb public peace, safety, or decency. It covers things like offensive language, noisy or threatening behavior, riots, obstruction of roads, false emergency reports, harassment, stalking, animal cruelty, and misuse of firearms or drones. The chapter also sets rules for picketing at funerals, damaging flags, and disclosing personal information online. Penalties vary from misdemeanors to felonies depending on the act.", "questions_answered": [ "What actions in a public place can be considered disorderly conduct in Texas?", "When does a gathering of people become a riot and what are the penalties?", "Is it illegal to block a sidewalk, road, or other public passageway?", "What are the consequences for making a false 9‑1‑1 call or false emergency report?", "Can I picket or make noise near a funeral service without breaking the law?", "What are the rules about discharging a firearm in a city or on a public road?", "What behaviors are classified as harassment or stalking under Texas law?", "What actions constitute animal cruelty toward livestock or pets?", "Is it a crime to point a laser at a police officer or at an aircraft?", "Can I post someone's home address or phone number online without facing criminal charges?" ], "issue_tags": [ "disorderly-conduct", "public-order", "riot", "obstruction", "false-emergency-report", "harassment", "stalking", "animal-cruelty", "firearm-regulation", "drone-violation" ], "synonyms": [ "Disorderly Conduct", "Public Order Offenses", "Offenses Against Public Decency", "Texas Penal Code Chapter 42", "Public Disturbance Crimes", "Disorderly Behavior" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "43", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 43. PUBLIC INDECENCY", "url": "/statutes/PE/43.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/43.json", "summary": "Chapter 43 of the Texas Penal Code makes it a crime to engage in prostitution, solicit or promote prostitution (including online), and to compel others into prostitution. It also defines and bans obscene material, especially anything that depicts sexual conduct involving minors, and sets penalties for possessing, promoting, or distributing such material. The chapter includes enhanced penalties for repeat offenders, offenses near schools, and for involving children under 18. It provides defenses and reporting requirements for certain parties.", "questions_answered": [ "What actions are considered prostitution under Texas law?", "How is solicitation of prostitution defined and punished?", "Can someone be charged for promoting prostitution online?", "What are the penalties for repeat prostitution offenses?", "What types of material are classified as obscene in Texas?", "Is it illegal to possess or distribute child sexual images?", "What are the penalties for possessing child pornography or lewd visual material involving minors?", "Does displaying obscene material near a school increase the punishment?", "What is the difference between promoting and wholesale promoting obscene material?", "Are there any defenses if I possessed obscene material for medical or law‑enforcement purposes?", "What offenses apply to businesses that discover illegal visual material?", "Can a parent be charged for involving their child in a sexual performance?" ], "issue_tags": [ "prostitution", "solicitation", "obscenity", "child-pornography", "online-promotion", "aggravated-promotion", "harmful-material" ], "synonyms": [ "public indecency statutes", "prostitution laws", "obscenity statutes", "sexual exploitation statutes", "child sexual abuse material laws", "indecent exposure provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "46", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 46. WEAPONS", "url": "/statutes/PE/46.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/46.json", "summary": "Chapter 46 of the Texas Penal Code defines many types of weapons, sets rules for who can carry handguns, clubs, knives and other prohibited items, and lists places where weapons are not allowed. It also outlines penalties for illegal possession, transfer, and use of certain weapons, and provides exceptions for law‑enforcement, military, and other authorized personnel.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I carry a handgun if I am under 21 years old?", "What places in Texas are off‑limits for carrying guns, knives, or clubs?", "Am I allowed to carry a handgun in a vehicle that I own?", "What are the penalties for selling a firearm to someone who has a felony conviction?", "Do I need a license to carry a handgun in plain view in public?", "Is it illegal to own or possess armor‑piercing ammunition?", "Can I transport a weapon to a school or university campus?", "What is considered a prohibited weapon under Texas law?", "Are there any exceptions for police, military, or security officers to carry weapons?", "What are the rules for keeping a firearm away from children?", "Is it a crime to make or possess a hoax bomb?", "Can I buy a firearm in another state and bring it into Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "handgun-carrying", "prohibited-places", "weapon-definitions", "firearm-transfer", "licensing-exemptions", "child-access-safety", "restricted-ammunition", "hoax-bomb" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas weapons statutes", "Penal Code Chapter 46", "Texas gun laws", "weapon regulations", "firearm possession rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "47", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 47. GAMBLING", "url": "/statutes/PE/47.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/47.json", "summary": "Chapter 47 of the Texas Penal Code defines what counts as gambling, including bets, gambling devices, and gambling places. It makes it a crime to place bets, run gambling operations, bookmake, promote gambling, or possess gambling equipment, but provides defenses for private, non‑commercial gambling and certain licensed activities. Violations are generally treated as misdemeanors with varying levels of severity.", "questions_answered": [ "Is it illegal to place a bet on a sports game or political election in Texas?", "Can I run a gambling operation in my home or on my private property without breaking the law?", "What exactly counts as a gambling device, like a slot machine or electronic bingo game?", "What is bookmaking, and when does it become a crime?", "Are there any defenses if I only gamble with friends and no one makes a profit?", "Is it a crime to own, sell, or transport a gambling device or altered equipment?", "What penalties apply for operating a gambling place or promoting a lottery?", "Can law enforcement search a boat or other vehicle for gambling equipment without a warrant?", "Are there exceptions for state‑licensed gambling activities such as the state lottery or horse racing?", "Do I have to testify if I’m involved in a gambling offense, and can I be prosecuted for that testimony?" ], "issue_tags": [ "gambling", "betting", "gambling-devices", "gambling-places", "bookmaking", "gambling-defenses", "gambling-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas gambling law", "Penal Code Chapter 47", "Texas gambling statutes", "gambling offenses", "gambling regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "48", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 48. CONDUCT AFFECTING PUBLIC HEALTH", "url": "/statutes/PE/48.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/48.json", "summary": "This chapter makes it illegal to smoke or use e‑cigarettes in many public places like schools, elevators, theaters, hospitals, and public transportation, unless a designated smoking area is provided. It also bans the sale of non‑compliant cigarettes, the buying or selling of human organs, fetal tissue, and adult stem cells for profit, with limited exceptions for medical fees. Additionally, it prohibits camping in public areas without proper permission from the managing authority. Violations are punished with misdemeanors or state jail felonies depending on the conduct.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I smoke a cigarette or use an e‑cigarette on a school bus or in a public library?", "What are the penalties if I smoke in a public place that doesn’t have a posted no‑smoking sign?", "Is it illegal to sell cigarettes that don’t meet federal requirements in Texas?", "Can I buy or sell a human organ for money in Texas?", "Are there any exceptions that allow me to receive payment for donating an organ?", "Is it a crime to sell or buy human fetal tissue for profit?", "Can I sell adult stem cells for use in experimental treatments?", "What are the rules for camping in a park or on public land without a permit?", "Do I need a special area to smoke on a public bus, and does the driver have to be included?", "What must a police officer do before issuing a citation for illegal camping?" ], "issue_tags": [ "public-health", "smoking-ban", "tobacco-regulation", "organ-trafficking", "fetal-tissue", "stem-cell", "illegal-camping" ], "synonyms": [ "Conduct affecting public health", "Public health offenses", "Health‑related crimes", "Public health conduct statutes", "Health and safety violations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "49", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 49. INTOXICATION AND ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE OFFENSES", "url": "/statutes/PE/49.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/49.json", "summary": "Chapter 49 sets the rules for when a person is considered intoxicated and defines a range of offenses, from being drunk in public to operating a vehicle, boat, aircraft, or amusement ride while under the influence. It also covers open‑container violations in cars, harsher penalties for repeat offenses, and crimes that cause injury or death while intoxicated. The chapter includes special provisions for minors, child passengers, and certain medical defenses.", "questions_answered": [ "What does Texas consider a person to be intoxicated?", "Can I be charged for being drunk in a public place like a bar or restaurant?", "Is it illegal to have an open container of alcohol in my car on a public road?", "What are the penalties for driving a car while intoxicated?", "What happens if I drive a vehicle while drunk and have a child under 15 in the car?", "Is it a crime to operate a boat, aircraft, or amusement ride while intoxicated?", "How do repeat DUI or intoxication offenses affect the punishment?", "Can a doctor’s prescription of alcohol be used as a defense for public intoxication?", "Are there different rules for people under 21 who are intoxicated in public?", "What are the penalties for causing injury or death while intoxicated?" ], "issue_tags": [ "intoxication", "public-intoxication", "open-container", "driving-while-intoxicated", "repeat-offense", "child-passenger", "watercraft", "aircraft", "amusement-ride" ], "synonyms": [ "Intoxication offenses", "Alcoholic beverage offenses", "Drunk driving statutes", "Public drunkenness laws", "Open container laws", "Texas DUI laws", "Intoxicated operation statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "50", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 50. FIREWORKS", "url": "/statutes/PE/50.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/50.json", "summary": "This chapter makes it a crime to set off fireworks with the purpose of disrupting a police officer’s duties or to help someone escape from police. The severity of the charge depends on the type of firework used and whether a law enforcement officer is seriously injured. It also defines key terms like “consumer firework” and who counts as a law‑enforcement officer.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I use fireworks to distract or interfere with a police officer?", "What happens if I set off fireworks while trying to run from police?", "Is it illegal to light fireworks near a law‑enforcement officer who is doing their job?", "What are the penalties for using fireworks against a police officer?", "Does the law treat non‑consumer fireworks differently than consumer fireworks in these cases?", "What felony level applies if a police officer is seriously injured by fireworks?", "Can I be charged under this fireworks law and also under another criminal law for the same act?", "Who is considered a law‑enforcement officer under this chapter?", "What exactly is a “consumer firework”?", "When did these fireworks restrictions become effective in Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "fireworks-law", "law-enforcement-interference", "felony-levels", "consumer-fireworks", "public-safety", "texas-penal-code" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Fireworks Chapter", "Chapter 50 Fireworks", "Fireworks offenses", "Fireworks statutes", "Fireworks misuse law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "51", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 51. ILLEGAL ENTRY INTO THIS STATE", "url": "/statutes/PE/51.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/51.json", "summary": "This chapter makes it a crime for non‑citizens to enter Texas from another country without using a legal port of entry, to re‑enter after being removed or excluded, and to ignore a court order to return to the foreign nation. Penalties range from misdemeanors to felonies, with harsher punishments for repeat offenders or those with prior convictions. Certain federal protections like asylum or DACA can be used as defenses, but not all federal programs qualify.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I be charged for crossing into Texas outside a designated port of entry?", "What penalties apply if I enter Texas illegally?", "Does having asylum status protect me from Texas illegal‑entry charges?", "Can DACA recipients be prosecuted under this law?", "What happens if I was previously deported and try to come back to Texas?", "What are the consequences for refusing a judge’s order to return to my home country?", "Does a prior misdemeanor increase the crime level for illegal entry?", "Are there any defenses if the federal government granted me lawful presence?", "How does the law differentiate between a misdemeanor and a felony for illegal reentry?", "Can a parent of a U.S. citizen be charged under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "illegal-immigration", "border-entry", "criminal-penalties", "asylum-defense", "reentry-violations", "deportation", "immigration-law" ], "synonyms": [ "illegal entry into Texas", "unauthorized border crossing", "illegal reentry", "unauthorized immigration", "Texas immigration offenses" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "71", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 71. ORGANIZED CRIME", "url": "/statutes/PE/71.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/71.json", "summary": "Chapter 71 defines what counts as an organized crime group, criminal street gang, or foreign terrorist organization and makes it a crime to commit or conspire to commit a wide range of offenses while trying to support or profit from those groups. It also sets higher penalties for those crimes, outlines defenses like voluntary renunciation, and includes rules about recruiting, leadership, gang‑free zones, and the use of maps as evidence.", "questions_answered": [ "What does Texas law mean by a 'combination' or organized crime group?", "Can someone be charged for organized crime even if they never met the other members?", "Which crimes get harsher penalties if they are done as part of a gang or terrorist organization?", "What are the possible punishments for organized crime offenses?", "Is there a defense if I quit the gang before the crime was carried out?", "What is the penalty for recruiting someone into a criminal street gang or foreign terrorist organization?", "What are gang‑free zones and how do they affect sentencing?", "Can a map of a gang‑free zone be used as evidence in court?", "What happens if I violate a court order that blocks organized crime activity?", "How does Texas treat a conspiracy to commit organized crime compared to the actual crime?" ], "issue_tags": [ "organized-crime", "criminal-street-gangs", "foreign-terrorist-organizations", "conspiracy", "gang-free-zones", "sentencing", "defenses", "recruitment" ], "synonyms": [ "Organized Crime Act", "Texas Organized Crime statutes", "Chapter 71 Organized Crime", "Gang and Terrorist Organization Laws", "Combination statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "72", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 72. RACKETEERING AND UNLAWFUL DEBT COLLECTION", "url": "/statutes/PE/72.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/72.json", "summary": "This chapter criminalizes using money that comes from racketeering or illegal debt collection to buy real estate, gain control of a business, or work for an enterprise that benefits from those activities. It also defines what counts as racketeering and unlawful debt, and lets courts impose fines based on the profit earned or loss caused by the offense.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I be charged for buying a house with money that came from illegal debt collection?", "Is it a crime to own or control a business that gets money from racketeering?", "What does Texas consider a pattern of racketeering?", "What types of illegal debt are covered by this law?", "Can a court fine me instead of sending me to jail for using proceeds from racketeering?", "Does working for a company that collects unlawful debts make me guilty of a crime?", "What penalties apply if I use racketeering money to invest in real property?", "How is “unlawful debt” defined under Texas law?", "Are there separate penalties if my conduct also violates other criminal statutes?", "What is the maximum fine that a court can impose for these offenses?" ], "issue_tags": [ "racketeering", "unlawful-debt-collection", "property-acquisition", "enterprise-control", "organized-crime", "criminal-fines" ], "synonyms": [ "racketeering and illegal debt collection statutes", "organized crime property rules", "Texas racketeering property law", "unlawful debt and enterprise participation chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PE", "code_name": "Penal Code", "chapter": "76", "title": "PENAL CODE CHAPTER 76. TERRORISTIC OFFENSES", "url": "/statutes/PE/76.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PE/76.json", "summary": "This chapter defines and criminalizes terrorism-related conduct in Texas, including planning or carrying out violent acts to intimidate the public or influence government policy. It also makes it illegal to provide any kind of support, training, or resources to terrorists, to help them evade arrest, or to act as a foreign government or terrorist organization agent. The law sets penalties that increase with the seriousness of the underlying offense.", "questions_answered": [ "What actions are considered terrorism under Texas law?", "What types of support or resources can I not give to a terrorist group?", "Is providing money, lodging, or transportation to a terrorist a crime?", "Can I be charged for teaching someone how to make a bomb or other weapon?", "What are the penalties for planning a terrorist act that aims to intimidate the public?", "What does it mean to aid or assist in the commission of terrorism?", "Can I be prosecuted for helping a terrorist avoid arrest or hide from authorities?", "What offenses apply to foreign agents who act on behalf of a foreign government or terrorist organization in Texas?", "Is it illegal for a foreign government agent to enforce foreign law here without state approval?", "How can the attorney general assist in terrorism prosecutions?", "What are the consequences for hindering the prosecution of a terrorist?", "Does providing software or computer equipment that helps make weapons count as material support?" ], "issue_tags": [ "terrorism", "material-support", "foreign-agents", "aiding-and-abetting", "obstruction", "weapon-training", "attorney-general-assistance" ], "synonyms": [ "terroristic offenses", "terrorism statutes", "texas terrorism law", "anti-terrorism provisions", "terrorism-related crimes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "1", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/PR/1.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/1.json", "summary": "Chapter 1 of the Texas Property Code explains why the code exists and how it is organized. It tells readers that the statutes are arranged in a logical order, written in modern language, and that the Code Construction Act guides interpretation. The chapter also says local governments cannot adopt rules that conflict with the code, especially on eviction matters.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the purpose of the Texas Property Code?", "How are the statutes in the Property Code organized and numbered?", "Which law is used to interpret the provisions of the Property Code?", "What does an internal reference in the Property Code mean?", "Can a city or county create its own rules that conflict with the Property Code?", "Does the Property Code preempt local ordinances about evictions?", "What happens if a local ordinance violates the preemption rule in the Property Code?", "When did the Property Code’s general provisions become effective?", "How does the Property Code handle outdated or duplicate statutes?", "Are municipalities allowed to enforce rules that are not covered by the Property Code?" ], "issue_tags": [ "property-code", "general-provisions", "preemption", "statutory-construction", "code-organization" ], "synonyms": [ "General Provisions of the Texas Property Code", "Property Code Chapter 1", "Texas Property Code Introductory Section", "Property Code Purpose and Construction", "Preemption clause in Property Code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "2", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 2. NATURE OF PROPERTY", "url": "/statutes/PR/2.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/2.json", "summary": "This chapter explains that a manufactured home is normally treated as personal property, but the owner can choose to make it real property by filing specific paperwork. It also says that any agreement about installing or connecting a dry fire hydrant is considered a personal contract and does not automatically apply to future owners or tenants of the land.", "questions_answered": [ "Is my manufactured home considered personal property or real property?", "How can I change my manufactured home from personal to real property?", "What paperwork do I need to file to treat my mobile home as real estate?", "Do I have to get a license to sell a manufactured home?", "What does “dry fire hydrant” mean and how does it work?", "Can a fire‑department agreement about a dry fire hydrant bind the next owner of the land?", "If I lease land with a dry fire hydrant, does the agreement follow me?", "What definitions apply to manufactured homes under this law?", "Can I keep my manufactured home as personal property while it sits on land I own?", "What happens to a dry fire hydrant contract when I sell my property?" ], "issue_tags": [ "manufactured-housing", "real-property-classification", "dry-fire-hydrant", "property-agreements", "personal-property", "mobile-home" ], "synonyms": [ "manufactured home classification", "mobile home real property election", "dry fire hydrant contract rules", "nature of property statutes", "personal vs real property for manufactured homes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "5", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 5. CONVEYANCES", "url": "/statutes/PR/5.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/5.json", "summary": "Chapter 5 of the Texas Property Code sets out the rules for transferring real property, including what a fee simple is, how deeds and contracts must be written, and what disclosures sellers must give buyers. It also covers special situations like vendor‑risk, correction instruments, executory contracts, mineral interests, private transfer fees, and restrictions on foreign ownership. The chapter provides remedies and penalties when these requirements are not followed.", "questions_answered": [ "What does \"fee simple\" mean and when does a conveyance automatically create a fee simple estate?", "What written disclosures must a seller provide to a buyer of residential property?", "How does the Uniform Vendor and Purchaser Risk Act affect who pays for a property that is destroyed before closing?", "When can a seller correct errors in a recorded deed and how is a correction instrument used?", "What are the requirements and buyer protections for executory contracts for residential property?", "Can a buyer cancel an executory contract and what is the deadline for doing so?", "What rules apply to the sale or lease of mineral or royalty interests in Texas?", "Are private transfer fees enforceable against future owners of a property?", "Which foreign individuals or entities are prohibited from buying Texas real property?", "What penalties can the state impose for violating the private transfer fee provisions?" ], "issue_tags": [ "fee-simple", "seller-disclosure", "vendor-purchaser-risk", "executory-contracts", "correction-instruments", "private-transfer-fees", "foreign-ownership-restrictions", "mineral-interest" ], "synonyms": [ "Conveyances", "Real property transfer statutes", "Texas Property Code Chapter 5", "Real estate conveyance rules", "Property transfer laws" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "11", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 11. PROVISIONS GENERALLY APPLICABLE TO PUBLIC RECORDS", "url": "/statutes/PR/11.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/11.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for filing and recording deeds, mortgages, and other property documents in Texas. It tells where and how documents must be recorded, what language and address information is required, and how county clerks must handle them. It also covers special procedures for border counties, how to correct or prove a recorded instrument, and protects personal data like Social Security numbers from being required or disclosed.", "questions_answered": [ "Where do I need to record a deed or mortgage for my property?", "Can I record a property document that is not in English?", "Do I have to include my mailing address on a deed to have it recorded?", "What happens to my recorded deed if a new county is created where the land is located?", "What are the county clerk’s duties when I submit a property instrument for recording?", "Is there a way to record a document even if it’s missing required information by paying a fee?", "How can I correct a mistake on a recorded deed or mortgage?", "Do I need to put my Social Security number or driver’s license number on a property record?", "What privacy notice must be included on a property transfer document?", "Are there special review requirements for property documents in border counties?" ], "issue_tags": [ "recording-requirements", "english-language", "grantee-address", "clerk-duties", "privacy-personal-info", "border-county-review", "instrument-correction" ], "synonyms": [ "public records recording rules", "property recording statutes", "real property instrument filing requirements", "Texas recording act", "public records provisions", "recording and privacy rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "12", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 12. RECORDING OF INSTRUMENTS", "url": "/statutes/PR/12.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/12.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you what kinds of documents about real or personal property can be filed with a county clerk and what they must include, like signatures, acknowledgments, or notarizations. It also explains special rules for electronic copies, subdivision plats, foreclosure notices, lis pendens, master mortgage forms, and other specific filings. The goal is to make sure the public record accurately reflects ownership and interests in property.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I record a deed or mortgage without a notary signature?", "What do I need to do to record an electronic document that shows a property interest?", "How do I file a subdivision plat or replat for recording?", "What are the requirements to record a foreclosure notice or trustee's deed?", "How do I file a lis pendens to alert others that a lawsuit affects a property?", "Can a power of attorney be recorded, and what must it contain?", "What is a master mortgage form and how do I record it?", "How do I record a foreign deed or a grant from the government?", "What steps are needed to record a title insurance company's affidavit releasing a lien?", "How do I record a judgment or a transfer of a judgment?", "What is needed to record a unilateral memorandum of contract for residential property?", "Do I need an original signature on a paper document to have it recorded?" ], "issue_tags": [ "recording", "property-instruments", "notarization", "electronic-records", "subdivision-plats", "lis-pendens", "foreclosure", "title-insurance" ], "synonyms": [ "recording statutes", "instrument recording rules", "property filing requirements", "real property recording guidelines", "county clerk recording procedures" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "13", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 13. EFFECTS OF RECORDING", "url": "/statutes/PR/13.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/13.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you that filing a deed, mortgage, or other property document with the county makes it public notice and protects the filer against later buyers who didn’t know about it. It also explains when an unrecorded instrument is still binding, how to handle documents recorded in the wrong county, the impact of filing a lis pendens, a justice‑court judgment, and a quitclaim deed after four years.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to record my deed to protect it against later buyers?", "What happens if I sell property without recording the deed first?", "Can a buyer who pays cash but knows about an unrecorded deed still be bound by it?", "Does recording a mortgage or deed of trust give me notice against creditors?", "Do I need to re‑record a deed that was filed in a different county to make it effective here?", "What effect does filing a lis pendens have on the property?", "How does a recorded justice‑court judgment work like a recorded deed?", "After four years, does a quitclaim deed still affect future purchasers?", "Is a financing statement covered by these recording rules?", "What counts as “notice” when an instrument is recorded?" ], "issue_tags": [ "recording", "notice", "real-property", "lis-pendens", "quitclaim-deed", "judgment-recording", "unrecorded-instrument" ], "synonyms": [ "effects of recording", "recorded instrument rules", "property recording statutes", "notice filing requirements", "recording and notice law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "14", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 14. UNIFORM FEDERAL LIEN REGISTRATION ACT", "url": "/statutes/PR/14.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/14.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you where and how to file notices of federal tax liens and other federal liens in Texas, whether the lien is on real estate, personal property, a corporation, or an individual. It sets the filing locations, required indexing, fees, and how to request copies or certificates of filing. It also explains how releases, discharges, and refiled notices are handled.", "questions_answered": [ "Where do I file a federal tax lien on my house in Texas?", "Where should a federal lien on personal property of a corporation be filed?", "How much does it cost to file a federal lien notice in Texas?", "What information must be included when filing a federal lien notice?", "Can I get a copy or a certificate showing a federal lien that was filed against me?", "How are releases, discharges, or subordination certificates for federal liens filed?", "Who is responsible for marking and indexing a federal lien notice?", "What is the difference between filing a federal lien on real property versus personal property?", "Do I need a special certification from the Treasury to file a federal lien?", "How can I find out if a federal lien has been filed against a particular person or entity?", "What happens if a federal lien notice needs to be refiled?", "Which office handles federal lien filings for a partnership whose principal office is in Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "federal-lien-filing", "tax-lien-registration", "county-clerk", "secretary-of-state", "filing-fee", "lien-indexing", "lien-release" ], "synonyms": [ "Uniform Federal Lien Registration Act", "Federal Tax Lien Filing Rules", "Texas Federal Lien Registration", "Federal Lien Recording Act" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "15", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 15. UNIFORM REAL PROPERTY ELECTRONIC RECORDING ACT", "url": "/statutes/PR/15.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/15.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas county clerks accept, store, and retrieve real‑property documents in electronic form. It defines electronic documents and signatures and says they satisfy the same requirements as paper filings, including notarization and fees. The state library sets uniform standards so electronic recordings work the same way across counties and with other states.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I record a deed or mortgage electronically in Texas?", "Do electronic signatures count for real‑property filings?", "Is a notarized electronic document accepted for recording a property deed?", "Do I still need to submit a paper copy of a property document?", "How does a county clerk handle electronic documents and fees?", "Will an electronic document be indexed the same as a paper document?", "What standards govern electronic recording of property records in Texas?", "Can I pay recording fees online or by electronic means?", "Does this law affect how I submit documents to the county recorder’s office?", "What is the Uniform Real Property Electronic Recording Act?", "How does Texas ensure its electronic recording system works with other states?", "Are electronic images of stamps or seals required for electronic signatures?" ], "issue_tags": [ "electronic-recording", "real-property", "electronic-signature", "county-clerk", "digital-documents", "recording-standards" ], "synonyms": [ "Uniform Real Property Electronic Recording Act", "URPERA", "Texas electronic recording law", "electronic deed filing", "digital property record act" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "21", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 21. EMINENT DOMAIN", "url": "/statutes/PR/21.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/21.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how Texas government agencies and authorized private entities can take private land for public projects, the steps they must follow, and the rights owners have during the process. It details the required notices, offers, and disclosures, how damages and relocation costs are calculated, and the procedures for owners to challenge or repurchase the property.", "questions_answered": [ "What steps must a government or private entity follow to take my property for a public use?", "Do I have to accept the first offer the condemning agency makes for my land?", "What information and disclosures am I entitled to receive before an eminent domain action starts?", "How is the compensation for my property and any damages to my remaining land determined?", "Can I challenge the amount of money offered or the appraisal used in a condemnation case?", "What rights do I have if I am forced to move my home or business because of a taking?", "How can I repurchase my property if the public project is canceled or never built?", "What is the role of special commissioners and how are they appointed in a condemnation proceeding?", "What happens if the condemning entity takes possession of my property before a final judgment?", "How do I request information about the status of a condemned property or unpaid taxes?", "What are the costs and fees I might have to pay, and can I recover them from the condemning entity?", "How does an appeal work if I disagree with the commissioners' findings?" ], "issue_tags": [ "eminent-domain", "property-compensation", "condemnation-procedure", "repurchase-rights", "special-commissioners", "damage-assessment", "relocation-assistance" ], "synonyms": [ "condemnation process", "government takings", "public use taking", "land expropriation", "state seizure of private land", "property acquisition by eminent domain" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "22", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 22. TRESPASS TO TRY TITLE", "url": "/statutes/PR/22.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/22.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a special lawsuit called a trespass to try title action to settle who owns a piece of land when ownership is contested. It tells what documents can start the case, how a final judgment locks in ownership, and what compensation or remedies are available for people who have made improvements or want those improvements removed. It also sets rules for payments, writs of possession, and the process for removing improvements.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I start a lawsuit to determine who owns a disputed piece of land?", "What kinds of documents are enough to file a trespass to try title action?", "If I improve land that I don’t own, can I get paid for those improvements?", "What damages can I claim for using someone else’s property before the lawsuit starts?", "When can a court issue a writ of possession after a title dispute judgment?", "What happens if the winning party doesn’t pay the judgment on time?", "Can I remove the improvements I made to land I don’t own, and how?", "Do I need to post a bond before taking my improvements off the property?", "How does the court keep control of the case while improvements are being removed?", "Can the remedy of removing improvements be used instead of other legal remedies?" ], "issue_tags": [ "property-title", "trespass-to-try-title", "land-improvements", "judgment-remedies", "writ-of-possession", "removal-of-improvements" ], "synonyms": [ "trespass to try title action", "title dispute lawsuit", "adverse possession claim", "property ownership determination", "real property title action" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "23", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 23. PARTITION", "url": "/statutes/PR/23.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/23.json", "summary": "This chapter lets anyone who co‑owns real or personal property ask a court to split the property among the owners. It explains where to file the lawsuit, how the split affects future interests, what title the new owners receive, how fees for commissioners and surveyors are handled, and requires a non‑exclusive access easement for any landlocked parcel unless the parties agree otherwise.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I force a co‑owner to divide our property?", "Where should I file a partition lawsuit for land I own with someone else?", "Does a partition affect my remainder or reversion interest?", "What ownership rights do I get after a court orders a partition?", "Will I have to pay court costs or fees for the partition process?", "Do I need to give a neighbor an easement after my land is partitioned?", "Can the parties waive the easement requirement in a partition?", "What is the procedure for partitioning personal property instead of real estate?", "Who decides the fees for the commissioners and any surveyor involved?", "Can a partition be filed if the property is located in more than one county?", "How does a life estate holder’s interest work in a partition?", "Do I need a surveyor’s report for the partition?" ], "issue_tags": [ "partition", "co-ownership", "easement", "real-property", "court-action", "fees" ], "synonyms": [ "property partition", "division of co‑owned land", "partition action", "split of jointly owned property", "partition decree" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "23A", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 23A. UNIFORM PARTITION OF HEIRS' PROPERTY ACT", "url": "/statutes/PR/23A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/23A.json", "summary": "This chapter provides the rules for dividing real estate that is owned by multiple heirs as tenants in common. It tells courts how to decide if property qualifies as \"heirs' property,\" how to value it, how co‑owners can buy each other's shares, and when the court must order a sale versus a physical split of the land.", "questions_answered": [ "What is heirs' property and how does it differ from other joint ownership?", "How does a court determine whether my family's land is considered heirs' property?", "What process does the court follow to find the fair market value of the property?", "Can I purchase my relatives' interests before the property is sold?", "What happens if no co‑owner wants to buy the shares that request a sale?", "When will the court order a sale instead of dividing the property into separate parcels?", "How are the proceeds from a court‑ordered sale divided among the heirs?", "What notice must be posted on the property during a partition lawsuit?", "Can the court use sealed bids or an auction instead of an open‑market sale?", "What factors does the court consider before ordering a partition in kind?", "Who can serve as a commissioner in a partition case and what are the requirements?", "If an appraisal is too expensive, how does the court determine the property's value?" ], "issue_tags": [ "heirs-property", "partition", "valuation", "buyout", "sale-method", "in-kind-partition", "court-procedure" ], "synonyms": [ "Uniform Partition of Heirs' Property Act", "heirs' property partition law", "Texas partition statute", "partition of tenancy-in-common", "co‑owner division rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "24", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 24. FORCIBLE ENTRY AND DETAINER", "url": "/statutes/PR/24.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/24.json", "summary": "Chapter 24 of the Texas Property Code explains what counts as a forcible entry or detainer and sets out the rules for filing eviction lawsuits. It tells landlords how and when to give written notice, which courts have jurisdiction, and the steps for trial, summary judgment, and appeals. The chapter also covers how rent is handled during appeals, attorney‑fee rules, writs of possession, and what happens to a tenant’s personal property after eviction.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a forcible entry and detainer?", "When can a landlord file an eviction suit in Texas?", "How much notice must I give a tenant before filing a forcible detainer action?", "Which court handles eviction cases and can I sue in a justice court?", "What are the steps for a landlord to get a writ of possession after winning an eviction case?", "How can I appeal an eviction judgment and what bonds are required?", "Can I recover unpaid rent while an eviction appeal is pending?", "Do I have to pay attorney’s fees if I win an eviction case?", "What happens to a tenant’s personal belongings when a writ of possession is executed?", "Can I represent myself or use a non‑lawyer agent in an eviction proceeding?", "Are there special rules for eviction notices during a disaster or foreclosure sale?" ], "issue_tags": [ "forcible-entry", "eviction-procedure", "notice-requirements", "appeal-process", "writ-of-possession", "tenant-rights", "landlord-rights", "attorney-fees" ], "synonyms": [ "Forcible entry and detainer statutes", "Texas eviction law", "Chapter 24 Property Code", "Forcible detainer rules", "Eviction suit procedures", "Landlord‑tenant eviction rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "24A", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 24A. ACCESS TO RESIDENCE OR FORMER RESIDENCE TO RETRIEVE PERSONAL PROPERTY", "url": "/statutes/PR/24A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/24A.json", "summary": "This chapter provides a way for someone who cannot get into their own home or former home to retrieve personal items by applying for a court writ that allows entry with a peace officer. It outlines who can apply, what kinds of property qualify, bond requirements, the officer’s duties, and penalties for anyone who blocks the authorized entry.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I get a court order to enter my former residence to retrieve my personal belongings?", "What should I do if the current occupant refuses me entry to my home?", "Can I apply for a writ if I fear family violence at the residence?", "What types of personal property are covered by this law?", "Do I need to post a bond before the court will issue the entry writ?", "Will a police officer accompany me when I retrieve my items?", "What happens if the occupant tries to stop me after the writ is granted?", "What are the penalties for interfering with a peace officer’s authorized entry?", "Can the court issue the writ without giving the occupant notice?", "How can I challenge a writ if I think it was issued incorrectly?" ], "issue_tags": [ "access-rights", "property-retrieval", "writ-of-entry", "family-violence", "peace-officer", "landlord-immunity", "misdemeanor-offense" ], "synonyms": [ "court‑ordered entry to retrieve personal property", "writ of entry for personal belongings", "access to residence for personal items", "emergency property retrieval order", "peace‑officer assisted entry", "home entry writ", "personal property retrieval writ" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "24B", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 24B. REMOVAL OF CERTAIN UNAUTHORIZED OCCUPANTS OF REAL PROPERTY", "url": "/statutes/PR/24B.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/24B.json", "summary": "This chapter gives a residential property owner or their agent the ability to ask a sheriff or constable to immediately remove a person who entered and is staying in a dwelling without the owner's consent, provided the person is not a tenant, family member, or involved in pending litigation. It outlines the required sworn complaint, the notice the officer must give, how the removal is carried out, and the limited liability for owners and officers. It also sets out a cause of action for anyone who is wrongfully removed, allowing them to recover damages and attorney’s fees. The chapter does not affect other criminal or civil rights the owner or law enforcement may have.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I have the sheriff or constable remove someone who is staying in my house without my permission?", "What steps do I need to take to file a complaint to evict an unauthorized occupant?", "Can I request removal if the person is a former tenant or a family member?", "Do I have to be the property owner to ask for removal, or can my agent do it?", "What notice must be given to the occupant before the sheriff can remove them?", "What fees can the sheriff or constable charge me for staying on my property after removal?", "Am I liable if the occupant’s personal belongings are damaged during the removal?", "Can an occupant sue me for wrongful removal, and what damages could they recover?", "What happens if the occupant has an outstanding warrant when the sheriff serves the notice?", "Does this law affect my right to pursue criminal charges for trespassing or theft?", "How quickly will a court hear a claim for wrongful removal?", "Can I use this process if my property is currently involved in a lawsuit with the occupant?" ], "issue_tags": [ "property-removal", "unauthorized-occupant", "sheriff-eviction", "squatters", "civil-remedies", "trespass" ], "synonyms": [ "removal of squatters", "unauthorized occupant eviction", "owner's request for sheriff to evict", "property owner removal process", "civil removal of trespassers", "Texas unauthorized occupant law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "25", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 25. TRIAL OF RIGHT OF PROPERTY", "url": "/statutes/PR/25.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/25.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rules for a lawsuit called a trial of right of property, which can only be used to resolve disputes over personal (movable) property. The case must be heard in a court that has authority over the amount of money at stake. If the person bringing the claim cannot prove they own the property, they must pay a penalty equal to 10% of the lower of the property's value or the amount they were trying to collect.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a trial of right of property?", "Can I use a trial of right of property to settle a dispute over personal belongings?", "Which court can hear a trial of right of property case?", "Do I need to prove I own the property to win a trial of right of property?", "What happens if I lose a trial of right of property because I can't prove ownership?", "How is the penalty calculated if I fail to establish a right to the property?", "Is the penalty based on the property's market value or the amount I claimed?", "Do I have to pay the penalty out of my own money or from a bond?", "Can a trial of right of property be used for real estate or land?", "What does “jurisdiction of the amount in controversy” mean for these cases?" ], "issue_tags": [ "personal-property", "trial-right", "jurisdiction", "damages", "bond", "property-value" ], "synonyms": [ "property rights trial", "personal property action", "right of property suit", "property claim trial", "personal property dispute proceeding" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "26", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 26. USE OF A DECEASED INDIVIDUAL'S NAME, VOICE, SIGNATURE, PHOTOGRAPH, OR LIKENESS", "url": "/statutes/PR/26.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/26.json", "summary": "This chapter gives a property right to a person's name, voice, signature, photograph, or likeness after they die. It lets that right be transferred by contract or will, and if not transferred it passes to the surviving spouse, children, grandchildren, or parents. The law requires owners to register their claim, limits commercial use without consent, and provides damages for unauthorized use while allowing certain news, artistic, and political uses.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I use a deceased person's photo or voice in a commercial advertisement without permission?", "Who inherits the rights to a dead individual's name, likeness, or signature if they didn't leave a will?", "Do I need to register a claim to exercise the right to a deceased person's likeness?", "How long does the post‑death right to a person's name or likeness last?", "Can a newspaper or TV news program use a dead celebrity's image without getting consent?", "What types of uses of a deceased person's likeness are allowed without permission?", "What damages could I face if I use a dead person's likeness without authorization?", "Can the right to a deceased person's likeness be transferred before they die?", "What happens to the right if there is no surviving spouse, children, or parents?", "Is there a fee to file a claim for a deceased individual's publicity rights?" ], "issue_tags": [ "postmortem-rights", "likeness-use", "inheritance", "registration", "unauthorized-use", "media-exemptions" ], "synonyms": [ "postmortem publicity rights", "right of publicity after death", "deceased individual's name and likeness rights", "Texas dead celebrity law", "posthumous name/voice/likeness rights" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "27", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 27. RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION LIABILITY", "url": "/statutes/PR/27.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/27.json", "summary": "Chapter 27 sets out the rules for homeowners who want to sue a builder or contractor for problems with a new or repaired home. It requires the homeowner to give written notice of the defect, lets the contractor inspect and offer to fix it, and limits the types of damages the homeowner can recover. The chapter also defines who is covered, what counts as a construction defect, and provides procedures for mediation and settlement.", "questions_answered": [ "What steps must I take before filing a lawsuit against my home builder for a defect?", "Do I have to send a certified notice to the contractor before suing?", "How many times can the contractor inspect my home after I give notice?", "What kinds of damages can I recover for a construction defect?", "Does this law apply to condos, townhouses, and accessory structures like garages?", "What is considered a construction defect under Texas law?", "Can a contractor be forced to fix a defect that threatens the safety of the occupants?", "What happens if I ignore the notice and settlement offer requirements?", "Can I recover the cost of temporary housing while repairs are made?", "Are there limits on damages for non‑structural problems like normal cracking?", "What penalties apply if the contract fails to include the required disclosure notice?", "Can I request mediation if the dispute exceeds a certain dollar amount?" ], "issue_tags": [ "residential-construction-defects", "contractor-liability", "notice-requirements", "damage-limits", "mediation-procedure", "construction-warranty" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Residential Construction Liability", "Home Builder Defect Law", "Property Code Chapter 27", "Construction Defect Act", "Residential Construction Warranty Statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "28", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 28. PROMPT PAYMENT TO CONTRACTORS AND SUBCONTRACTORS", "url": "/statutes/PR/28.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/28.json", "summary": "This chapter tells owners when they must pay contractors for work or materials, and requires contractors to pass those payments on to subcontractors quickly. It adds interest if payments are late, allows limited withholding when there is a good‑faith dispute, and gives contractors the right to stop work if they aren’t paid. Certain oil, gas, and mineral contracts are excluded, and special rules apply for loans and unsigned change orders.", "questions_answered": [ "When does an owner have to pay a contractor after receiving a written payment request?", "How soon must a contractor pay its subcontractors after receiving the owner's payment?", "What interest rate applies if a payment is overdue?", "Can I withhold part of a payment if I disagree about the amount owed?", "What can a contractor do if the owner does not pay on time?", "Does this law apply to construction projects for oil, gas, or mineral development?", "How does the payment deadline change if the owner is using a loan to fund the project?", "Am I allowed to waive the payment deadlines in my contract with the owner?", "What are the rules for stopping work when payment is late?", "What happens if I haven’t received a signed change order for extra work?", "Can a subcontractor withhold payment to its own subcontractors for the same reasons?", "Are there any penalties for not paying the contractor within the required time frame?" ], "issue_tags": [ "prompt-payment", "contractor-subcontractor", "late-payment-interest", "good-faith-dispute", "work-suspension", "mineral-exemption", "change-order" ], "synonyms": [ "Prompt payment act", "Construction payment deadlines", "Owner payment requirements", "Texas contractor payment law", "Contractor/subcontractor payment rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "29", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 29. FORCED SALE OF OWNER'S INTEREST IN CERTAIN REAL PROPERTY AS REIMBURSEMENT FOR PROPERTY TAXES PAID BY CO-OWNER ON OWNER'S BEHALF", "url": "/statutes/PR/29.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/29.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a co‑owner who has paid another co‑owner’s property taxes force a sale of the delinquent co‑owner’s share when they haven’t been reimbursed at least half of what was paid. It applies to inherited, will‑based, joint‑tenancy, and certain nonprofit affordable‑housing interests. The owner files a petition, proves the tax payments and demand for reimbursement, and the court orders the sale and sets a price after accounting for the unpaid taxes.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I force a co‑owner to sell their interest if they haven’t paid their share of property taxes?", "What steps do I need to take to file a petition for a forced sale of a co‑owner’s share?", "Do I have to prove I paid the other owner’s taxes for a certain number of years before I can force a sale?", "What if I don’t know the name or address of the co‑owner who owes me tax reimbursement?", "How does the court determine the price for the forced sale of the co‑owner’s interest?", "Does this law apply to property I inherited or received through a will?", "Can a nonprofit affordable‑housing organization use this chapter to force a sale of a co‑owner’s share?", "What happens if the co‑owner reimburses me for more than half of the taxes I paid on their behalf?", "Do I need to get an appraisal before the court orders the sale?", "Can the court require the co‑owner to sign a deed transferring their interest to me?" ], "issue_tags": [ "forced-sale", "tax-reimbursement", "co-owner-dispute", "real-property", "inheritance", "nonprofit-housing" ], "synonyms": [ "forced sale of co‑owner interest", "tax‑reimbursement forced sale", "compelled sale for unpaid taxes", "forced partition sale", "tax‑paid co‑owner sale", "compelled sale of inherited property" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "30", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 30. WRIT OF ASSISTANCE FOR REPOSSESSION OF AIRCRAFT", "url": "/statutes/PR/30.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/30.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a lender ask a justice court for a court order that lets police help a repossession agent take back an aircraft when the borrower has defaulted on a loan. The order, called a writ of assistance, is good for 30 days but can be extended indefinitely. To get the writ, the agent must show the aircraft is subject to repossession and provide the loan agreement, default notice, power of attorney, and an FAA title search.", "questions_answered": [ "How can a lender get police help to repossess an aircraft?", "What is a writ of assistance for aircraft repossession?", "How long does a writ of assistance for aircraft repossession last?", "Can the writ be extended beyond the initial period?", "What paperwork do I need to file to obtain a writ of assistance for a plane?", "Who is allowed to act as a repossession agent for an aircraft?", "Do I need a court order to repossess a plane that was financed?", "What must a repossession agent prove to get a writ of assistance?", "Can a peace officer help secure or move an aircraft during repossession?", "What definition of \"aircraft\" does this law use?", "What happens if a borrower defaults on a loan for an aircraft?", "How do I request a writ of assistance for aircraft repossession in a justice court?" ], "issue_tags": [ "aircraft-repossession", "writ-of-assistance", "peace-officer-assistance", "security-agreement", "justice-court", "aviation-law" ], "synonyms": [ "aircraft repossession writ", "court order for plane repossession", "writ of assistance for aircraft", "aircraft seizure order", "plane repossession assistance", "security agreement repossession process" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "31", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 31. BAD FAITH WASHOUT OF OVERRIDING ROYALTY INTEREST IN OIL AND GAS LEASE", "url": "/statutes/PR/31.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/31.json", "summary": "This chapter lets owners of overriding royalty interests in oil and gas leases sue if someone deliberately eliminates (or reduces) that interest, which is called a bad‑faith washout. It defines the key terms, tells where the lawsuit can be filed, lists the damages and other relief the court can award, and requires the suit to be filed within two years after the owner learns of the washout.", "questions_answered": [ "What can I do if someone intentionally removes my royalty interest from an oil and gas lease?", "How do I prove a bad‑faith washout of my overriding royalty interest?", "Where can I file a lawsuit for a bad‑faith washout of my royalty interest?", "What damages can I recover if a court finds a bad‑faith washout?", "Can I get a constructive trust on the lease or mineral estate if my royalty interest is washed out?", "Do I have to pay my own attorney’s fees in a bad‑faith washout case?", "How long do I have to file a claim after I discover a washout has occurred?", "What must I show to succeed on a bad‑faith washout claim?", "Are the remedies in this chapter added to other common‑law or statutory remedies?", "Does this law apply if the lease was transferred to a subsidiary that then removed my royalty interest?" ], "issue_tags": [ "overriding-royalty", "bad-faith-washout", "oil-gas-lease", "remedies", "statute-of-limitations", "venue" ], "synonyms": [ "overriding royalty washout", "bad faith royalty removal", "royalty interest protection", "oil and gas lease royalty dispute", "royalty interest washout claim" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "41", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 41. INTERESTS IN LAND", "url": "/statutes/PR/41.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/41.json", "summary": "This chapter defines what qualifies as a Texas homestead, sets size limits for urban and rural homes, and explains how the homestead is protected from creditors except for certain allowed liens. It also covers how to place a homestead in a qualifying trust, how to voluntarily designate or change a homestead, rules for temporary renting, abandonment, and sales, and required disclosures for advertisements and home‑improvement contracts. Finally, it outlines the process a judgment creditor must follow to designate a homestead and sell any excess land.", "questions_answered": [ "What land can I claim as a homestead in Texas and how many acres are allowed?", "Can I put my home in a trust and still keep the homestead exemption?", "What types of liens or encumbrances are allowed on my homestead?", "Do I need to file paperwork to officially designate my homestead?", "Can I temporarily rent out my homestead without losing its protection?", "What happens if my spouse does not agree to abandon or change the homestead?", "What disclosures are required in ads that promise to help me claim a homestead?", "What must be included in a home‑improvement contract for a homestead property?", "What rules apply if I sell my home for less than its market value?", "How does a judgment creditor force a homestead designation and sell excess land?", "Can I convey a parcel of land to a company without it being considered a sham sale?" ], "issue_tags": [ "homestead-exemption", "land-definition", "trust-qualification", "creditor-liens", "voluntary-designation", "temporary-renting", "sale-restrictions", "disclosure-requirements", "judgment-enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas homestead law", "homestead protection statutes", "property exemption chapter", "homestead exemption rules", "land interest protections", "homestead designation statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "42", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 42. PERSONAL PROPERTY", "url": "/statutes/PR/42.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/42.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the amount of personal belongings that a Texas resident can keep safe from creditors, depending on whether they live with a family or are single. It lists specific items that are automatically protected, such as home furnishings, tools, certain vehicles, and some savings plans. The law also explains how exemptions work when a creditor tries to seize property, and includes special rules for wages, alimony, and child‑support liens.", "questions_answered": [ "What personal items can I keep if a creditor tries to seize my assets?", "How much value of my household goods is protected from debt collection in Texas?", "Are retirement accounts and other qualified savings plans exempt from creditors?", "Do wages, alimony, or child support payments count toward the exemption limits?", "What is the difference in exemption limits for a family versus a single adult?", "Can a landlord take my religious books if I break a lease?", "Are pets and livestock considered exempt property?", "What happens if I try to convert non‑exempt property into exempt items to avoid a creditor?", "How are jewelry and firearms treated under the exemption rules?", "Can a creditor claim my personal property after I receive a distribution from a qualified savings plan?", "What are the rules for designating which property a creditor can levy on when I own more than the exempt amount?", "Do secured creditors with a lien have the right to seize exempt property?" ], "issue_tags": [ "personal-property-exemption", "creditor-seizure", "retirement-account-protection", "family-asset-limits", "lien-exemptions", "debt-collection" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas personal property exemption", "Chapter 42 property protection", "Texas debtor asset rules", "Exempt personal property statutes", "Texas exemption law for personal belongings" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "43", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 43. EXEMPT PUBLIC PROPERTY", "url": "/statutes/PR/43.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/43.json", "summary": "This chapter protects certain government-owned assets from being taken by creditors. It says public libraries and any real estate owned by the state or its political subdivisions cannot be attached, executed on, or sold to satisfy a debt. Judgment liens cannot be filed against that property, making such claims void.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a creditor force the sale of a public library to collect a debt?", "Is state-owned land protected from attachment or execution?", "Can a judgment lien be placed on property owned by a state agency?", "Are political subdivision real estate holdings exempt from creditor claims?", "What types of public property are immune from forced sale?", "Can a judgment against the state be enforced by seizing its real property?", "Does a county's land enjoy the same protection as state land against creditors?", "Are there any exceptions to the exemption for public libraries?", "How does this chapter affect a creditor’s ability to collect from state-owned assets?", "Can a judgment abstract be recorded against state or local government property?" ], "issue_tags": [ "public-property-exemption", "state-property-protection", "creditor-claims", "judgment-lien-prohibition", "government-asset-immunity" ], "synonyms": [ "Exempt public property", "State-owned property protection", "Public library immunity", "Government real estate exemption", "Creditor protection for state assets" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "44", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 44. TAXATION OF RETIREMENT BENEFITS BY ANOTHER STATE", "url": "/statutes/PR/44.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/44.json", "summary": "This chapter protects any property you own in the state from being taken or seized to satisfy a tax judgment from another state about your pension or retirement benefits. It also prevents other states from placing a lien on your property for unpaid income tax on those benefits.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my house be taken if another state tries to collect tax on my pension?", "Will a tax judgment from another state create a lien on my property here?", "Are my retirement benefits protected from out‑of‑state tax claims?", "What happens if a different state says I owe tax on my IRA?", "Can a judgment from another state be used to seize my car for unpaid pension taxes?", "Does this law stop other states from attaching my assets for retirement‑income tax debt?", "If I live in this state, can another state’s tax agency garnish my bank accounts?", "Are there any circumstances where my property could be seized for another state’s pension tax?", "Do I need to file anything to keep my property safe from out‑of‑state tax liens?", "What types of retirement plans are covered by this protection?" ], "issue_tags": [ "interstate-tax-collection", "pension-tax-protection", "property-liens", "retirement-benefits", "out-of-state-tax-judgments" ], "synonyms": [ "out‑of‑state pension tax exemption", "interstate retirement tax protection", "taxation of retirement benefits by another state", "foreign state tax lien shield" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "51", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 51. PROVISIONS GENERALLY APPLICABLE TO LIENS", "url": "/statutes/PR/51.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/51.json", "summary": "Chapter 51 lays out the rules for how liens on real property are handled in Texas, including how foreclosure sales must be announced, conducted, and possibly rescinded. It also sets procedures for deficiency judgments, trustee duties, and special protections for active‑duty military members. The chapter requires borrowers to keep their address up to date and defines how government liens are recorded.", "questions_answered": [ "How must a mortgage servicer give notice before a foreclosure sale?", "What are the requirements for posting and filing a notice of a foreclosure sale?", "Can a foreclosure sale be cancelled, and if so, how?", "What is the process for determining a deficiency judgment after a foreclosure?", "What duties does a trustee have in a deed of trust or contract lien?", "What protections do active‑duty military members have against foreclosure?", "When must a borrower inform the mortgage servicer of a change of address?", "How are government liens on real property recorded and notified?", "What does it mean when a foreclosed property is sold “as is”?", "Can a substitute trustee be appointed, and what authority do they have?", "What are the rules for a deed‑in‑lieu‑of‑foreclosure and when can it be voided?", "How are fair market values determined for deficiency calculations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "foreclosure-notice", "deficiency-judgment", "trustee-duties", "military-protections", "address-change", "government-lien", "sale-rescission" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas lien provisions", "Foreclosure procedures", "Property lien rules", "Deficiency judgment guidelines", "Military service foreclosure protection", "Trustee appointment rules", "Nonjudicial foreclosure rescission" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "52", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 52. JUDGMENT LIEN", "url": "/statutes/PR/52.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/52.json", "summary": "Chapter 52 explains how a court judgment can turn into a lien on a defendant's real property once the judgment is recorded and indexed. It sets out the steps for creating, recording, and renewing the lien, how long it lasts, and how a debtor can release or cancel the lien—especially for homestead property or when a bankruptcy discharge occurs. The chapter also details the paperwork needed to remove a lien and the effect on buyers and lenders.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a court judgment become a lien on my real estate?", "What do I need to do to record an abstract of judgment?", "How long will a judgment lien stay on my property?", "Can I remove a judgment lien from my home or homestead?", "What forms are required to release a judgment lien on my homestead?", "What happens to a judgment lien if I appeal the judgment?", "How does filing for bankruptcy affect an existing judgment lien?", "Can a buyer or mortgage lender rely on a released judgment lien?", "Do I have to pay a fee to have a judgment abstract recorded?", "Can a judgment lien be renewed for a longer period?" ], "issue_tags": [ "judgment-lien", "abstract-of-judgment", "homestead-release", "lien-duration", "bankruptcy", "recording-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "judgment lien statute", "Texas judgment lien rules", "abstract of judgment procedures", "homestead lien release process", "judgment lien filing requirements", "judgment lien and bankruptcy" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "53", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53. MECHANIC'S, CONTRACTOR'S, OR MATERIALMAN'S LIEN", "url": "/statutes/PR/53.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/53.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a system that lets contractors, subcontractors, and material suppliers place a lien on real property when they aren't paid for work or materials. It defines who can claim a lien, what property the lien covers, and the steps—like sending notices and filing affidavits—to perfect the claim. It also explains owners' rights to withhold funds, reserve percentages, priority over other creditors, bond options, and how liens can be released or removed.", "questions_answered": [ "When must I file a mechanic's lien affidavit to protect my right to payment?", "Who is eligible to file a lien against a property for unpaid work or materials?", "What is the deadline for sending a notice of claim to the owner and original contractor?", "How much money must an owner reserve for potential lien claims on a construction project?", "Can a subcontractor place a lien on a residential home, and what special rules apply?", "What happens if I withhold payment after receiving a notice of a lien claim?", "How do I release or remove a mechanic's lien once the debt is paid?", "Do mechanic's liens have priority over mortgages or other existing liens?", "Is a written contract required to file a lien on a homestead property?", "What are the required forms and conditions for a waiver or release of a lien?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mechanic-lien", "construction-payments", "notice-requirements", "lien-priority", "residential-construction", "bond-requirements", "lien-release" ], "synonyms": [ "mechanic's lien", "contractor's lien", "materialman's lien", "construction lien", "supplier lien", "lien on improvements", "Texas mechanic's lien law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "54", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 54. LANDLORD'S LIENS", "url": "/statutes/PR/54.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/54.json", "summary": "This chapter gives landlords a preferred lien on a tenant's property when rent is unpaid. It explains how the lien works for agricultural, commercial, and residential leases, what property can be claimed, how long the lien lasts, and the steps a landlord must follow to enforce it, including filing distress warrants, seizing and possibly selling property. It also lists many exemptions and tenant protections, such as limits on what can be taken and how a tenant can recover seized items.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a landlord place a lien on my crops if I owe rent?", "What property can a landlord seize when I fall behind on rent for a commercial building?", "Are there items in my home that a landlord cannot take even if I owe rent?", "How long does a landlord's lien stay in effect after I remove my property?", "What is a distress warrant and when can a landlord use it?", "Do I have to pay for packing or storage if my landlord seizes my belongings?", "Can I redeem my seized property before it is sold?", "What exemptions apply to a landlord's lien on agricultural equipment or personal items?", "How does a landlord’s lien differ for agricultural leases versus residential leases?", "What notice must a landlord give before selling my seized property?", "Can a landlord sell my seized motor vehicle, and under what conditions?", "What damages can I recover if a landlord improperly enforces the lien?" ], "issue_tags": [ "landlord-liens", "rent-default", "property-seizure", "tenant-rights", "agricultural-lease", "commercial-lease", "residential-lease" ], "synonyms": [ "landlord's lien statutes", "landlord lien provisions", "Texas landlord lien law", "landlord's right to claim tenant property", "landlord lien chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "55", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 55. HOSPITAL AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES LIENS", "url": "/statutes/PR/55.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/55.json", "summary": "This chapter lets hospitals and emergency medical service providers place a lien on a person’s personal‑injury claim when they treat the person within 72 hours of an accident. It sets limits on how much they can claim, requires them to give notice and file the lien, and explains how the lien is released once the bill is paid. The lien does not apply to workers’ compensation claims, most insurance proceeds, or the claimant’s real property.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a hospital place a lien on my personal injury settlement?", "When does a hospital lien attach to my claim?", "What amount can a hospital or EMS provider claim under the lien?", "Do I have to pay the hospital lien before I sign a settlement release?", "How does an emergency medical services provider’s lien differ from a hospital’s lien?", "What notice must the hospital give me about the lien?", "How is a lien removed once the hospital bill is paid?", "Does a hospital lien attach to my house or car?", "Are workers’ compensation claims subject to this lien?", "What if I was admitted to the hospital more than 72 hours after the accident?", "Can a physician have a lien like a hospital?", "What records can I obtain from the hospital for my case?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hospital-lien", "emergency-medical-lien", "personal-injury-claim", "lien-notice", "settlement-discharge", "medical-billing" ], "synonyms": [ "hospital and emergency medical services liens", "medical provider lien", "hospital lien law", "Texas hospital lien statute", "emergency services provider lien", "health care lien provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "56", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 56. LIENS AGAINST MINERAL PROPERTY", "url": "/statutes/PR/56.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/56.json", "summary": "This chapter gives people who do labor or supply equipment for oil, gas, water wells, pipelines, or mines a legal claim (a lien) on the property they worked on until they get paid. It explains what property can be claimed, how the lien ranks against other claims, and the steps to file, notice, and enforce the lien. It also sets limits on owner liability and rules for selling or moving the property while a lien exists.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I create a lien for work I performed on an oil or gas well?", "What property can be claimed under a mineral contractor lien?", "When must I file a lien affidavit after I’m owed money?", "What notice do I have to give the property owner before filing a lien?", "Does my lien have priority over earlier mortgages or other encumbrances?", "Can a property owner sell or move equipment that I have a lien on without my consent?", "How long do I have to enforce a mineral lien after filing it?", "What limits the amount a landowner can be held liable for under this chapter?", "What happens to a lien if the leasehold is forfeited or an equitable interest fails?", "Do I need to file a new lien if the property is moved to a different county?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mineral-lien", "contractor-rights", "property-encumbrance", "filing-requirements", "priority", "enforcement", "leasehold" ], "synonyms": [ "Mineral Contractor Lien", "Oil and Gas Lien", "Texas Mineral Property Lien", "Construction Lien for Mineral Activities", "Mineral Services Lien" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "57", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 57. RAILROAD LABORER'S LIEN", "url": "/statutes/PR/57.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/57.json", "summary": "This chapter gives anyone who does labor, uses tools, or provides a team for building, operating, or fixing a railroad or its equipment a legal claim (lien) against the railroad for the money owed. The lien is senior to all other claims, lasts for one year unless the claimant sues to enforce it, and can be foreclosed by a court that may order the sale of railroad right‑of‑way or equipment to satisfy the debt. The law also tells where a lawsuit can be filed and who must be involved in the case.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I place a lien on a railroad if I did labor or used tools for its construction or repair?", "How long does a railroad laborer's lien stay in effect?", "Does my railroad lien take priority over other liens on the same property?", "What must I do to enforce a railroad laborer's lien and get paid?", "Can a court order the sale of railroad right‑of‑way or equipment to satisfy my lien?", "Where can I file a lawsuit to foreclose a railroad laborer's lien?", "Do I need to include other lienholders in my foreclosure lawsuit?", "Does the lien apply if I was hired by a subcontractor rather than the railroad directly?", "What conditions must be met for a court to grant a judgment on my railroad lien?", "Can I claim a lien for the use of tools or a team, not just my own labor?" ], "issue_tags": [ "railroad-lien", "laborer-rights", "lien-priority", "lien-foreclosure", "construction-law", "property-rights" ], "synonyms": [ "railroad laborer's lien", "railroad mechanic lien", "railroad worker lien", "rail contractor lien", "rail equipment lien" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "58", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 58. FARM, FACTORY, AND STORE WORKER'S LIENS", "url": "/statutes/PR/58.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/58.json", "summary": "This chapter gives farm, factory, and store workers a legal claim (lien) against the employer's property when they are not paid for work performed. It explains which property can be claimed, how to file the required notice, the lien’s priority and how long it lasts, and that the lien can be transferred to another party. It also sets out rules for buyers of property with an existing lien and defines how wages are considered due.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a farmhand or other worker claim a lien for unpaid wages?", "What types of property can be subject to a worker's lien?", "When must I serve an account and file a lien with the county clerk?", "How long does a worker's lien remain in effect?", "Does a worker's lien have priority over other liens on the same property?", "Can a worker's lien be transferred or assigned to someone else?", "What happens if I buy property that has an existing worker's lien?", "Do I need to give the employer a copy of the account before filing the lien?", "What is the deadline for filing a lien after the work is performed?", "Are wages considered due weekly or monthly under this chapter?", "Is a farmhand's lien subordinate to a landlord's lien?", "Can I sue to foreclose a worker's lien before it expires?" ], "issue_tags": [ "worker-lien", "unpaid-wages", "lien-priority", "lien-duration", "lien-assignment", "property-purchase", "filing-deadline" ], "synonyms": [ "farmhand lien", "factory worker lien", "store employee lien", "employee lien", "laborer's lien", "Texas worker lien", "service provider lien" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "59", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 59. SELF-SERVICE STORAGE FACILITY LIENS", "url": "/statutes/PR/59.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/59.json", "summary": "This chapter gives owners of self‑service storage facilities a lien on any stored items when a tenant falls behind on payments. It explains when the lien starts, how it takes priority, how a tenant can redeem the property, and the steps the owner must follow to seize and sell the items, including special notice rules and protections for military members. It also covers how vehicles and other titled items may be towed to a vehicle storage facility and what happens with any excess sale proceeds.", "questions_answered": [ "What happens if I don’t pay my storage unit fees?", "Can a storage facility sell my belongings if I owe money?", "How can I get my stored items back before they are sold?", "What notice does a storage facility have to give me before seizing my property?", "Do servicemembers have special rights when a storage lien is enforced?", "Can a storage facility tow my car or boat to another facility?", "What happens to any money left over after a storage unit sale?", "Can a storage facility change the lien rules by contract?", "Do I have to pay the facility’s expenses if I redeem my property?", "What information must be included in the notice of sale for a vehicle?", "What if the storage facility doesn’t follow the required notice procedures?", "Is a storage facility liable for damage to my property during a tow?" ], "issue_tags": [ "self-service-storage", "lien", "seizure-and-sale", "military-protections", "notice-requirements", "vehicle-towing", "redemption" ], "synonyms": [ "storage unit lien", "self‑storage lien", "landlord's lien", "storage facility lien", "self‑service storage lien" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "60", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 60. NEWSPAPER EMPLOYEE'S LIEN", "url": "/statutes/PR/60.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/60.json", "summary": "This chapter gives workers at newspapers, magazines, or other publications a first‑priority claim for unpaid wages. The claim (lien) can be placed on any item that the worker helped create or that is directly tied to their work, as long as the employer owns or controls it. It applies whether the employment agreement was written or oral.", "questions_answered": [ "What can a newspaper employee do if they are not paid for their work?", "Can a press worker place a lien on the newspaper’s equipment or printed copies?", "Does a journalist have a first‑priority claim on the publication’s assets for unpaid wages?", "What types of property can be subject to a newspaper employee’s lien?", "Does the lien apply if the employment contract was oral instead of written?", "Can a magazine employee claim a lien on subscription contracts if they aren’t paid?", "How does a newspaper employee’s lien rank against other creditors?", "What items does the law consider “connected with the performance of labor” for a media worker’s lien?", "Is a newspaper’s machinery or tools eligible for a lien by an unpaid employee?", "Can a newspaper owner avoid the lien by selling the publication’s assets?" ], "issue_tags": [ "newspaper-employee-lien", "unpaid-wages", "first-lien-rights", "publication-assets", "media-labor" ], "synonyms": [ "newspaper employee lien", "press worker lien", "media employee wage claim", "journalist lien", "publication employee lien" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "61", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 61. MOTOR VEHICLE MORTGAGEE'S LIEN", "url": "/statutes/PR/61.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/61.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a car loan lender (mortgagee) place a lien on any claim the vehicle owner (mortgagor) has for damage caused by another driver’s negligence. The lien can cover the claim, a court judgment, settlement money, or insurance proceeds, but only up to the lower of the car’s pre‑accident value, repair cost, or the amount the borrower owes. The lien is removed when the claim is paid to both the lender and borrower, and the winning side in a lawsuit can recover attorney’s fees.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my car loan lender take part of my insurance settlement if my car is damaged by someone else?", "What types of money can a lender’s lien attach to after a car accident?", "How is the amount of a lender’s lien on my vehicle determined?", "When does a mortgagee’s lien on my car get released?", "Does a lender’s lien apply to the proceeds of the other driver’s insurance policy?", "Can I be sued by my lender for the claim I have against the at‑fault driver?", "What happens if the settlement is paid only to me and not the lender?", "Am I entitled to attorney’s fees if I win a case enforcing the lender’s lien?", "Does the lien cover the full value of my car before the accident?", "Is the lender’s lien limited to the amount I still owe on my car loan?" ], "issue_tags": [ "motor-vehicle-lien", "mortgagee-rights", "insurance-settlement", "accident-claims", "lien-discharge", "attorney-fees" ], "synonyms": [ "mortgagee's lien", "vehicle loan lien", "lender's claim on accident damages", "motor vehicle mortgage lien", "auto loan lien" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "62", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 62. BROKER'S AND APPRAISER'S LIEN ON COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE", "url": "/statutes/PR/62.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/62.json", "summary": "This chapter lets licensed brokers and appraisers place a lien on commercial real estate when they earn a commission that hasn't been paid. It defines which properties qualify, how to file and serve a notice of lien, the timing and priority rules, and how the lien can be released, escrowed, or covered by a bond. It also sets out the procedures for enforcing the lien in court and the remedies for both brokers and property owners.", "questions_answered": [ "When can a broker put a lien on a commercial property?", "What kinds of real estate are excluded from a broker's lien?", "How do I file a notice of lien for an earned commission?", "What is the deadline to record a broker's lien after the commission is earned?", "Can a broker's lien be waived or released, and how?", "What must happen before a sale or lease can close if a broker's lien exists?", "Do I need to set up an escrow account or bond for a disputed commission?", "How does a broker's lien rank against mortgages, mechanic's liens, or other encumbrances?", "What are the penalties if a broker fails to follow the filing or release rules?", "How does a broker sue to foreclose a lien, and what is the statute of limitations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "broker-lien", "commercial-real-estate", "commission", "escrow", "lien-priority", "filing-deadlines", "bond" ], "synonyms": [ "Broker's lien on commercial property", "Appraiser's lien", "Commercial real estate commission lien", "Texas broker lien statute", "Broker's and appraiser's lien act" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "63", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 63. MANUFACTURED HOME LIEN", "url": "/statutes/PR/63.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/63.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for liens on manufactured homes, covering vendor, purchase‑money, and retail installment liens. It explains how a lien changes when the home is permanently attached to land and becomes real property, and how refinancing affects the lien holder’s position. The law also describes how new improvement liens are created when ownership is filed in the public records.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a lien on my manufactured home become a real‑property lien when I attach it to land?", "What kinds of liens are covered for manufactured homes?", "What is a vendor’s lien on a manufactured home?", "What is a purchase‑money lien for a manufactured home?", "How does refinancing a manufactured‑home lien affect the original lienholder?", "Who steps into the lien position when a loan on a manufactured home is refinanced?", "Do existing liens stay separate when a manufactured home is converted to real property?", "How is a new improvement lien created when I file a statement of ownership for my manufactured home?", "Does a title‑insurance company have any role in refinancing a manufactured‑home lien?", "What happens to a retail‑installment lien if I permanently attach my manufactured home to land?", "Can I refinance a lien that was converted to a purchase‑money lien on real property?", "Are liens on manufactured homes independent of other real‑property liens after conversion?" ], "issue_tags": [ "manufactured-home-lien", "purchase-money-lien", "real-property-conversion", "refinancing", "vendor-lien", "homestead-improvement", "title-insurance" ], "synonyms": [ "Manufactured Home Lien Law", "Texas Manufactured Home Lien Chapter", "Mobile Home Vendor Lien", "Purchase Money Lien for Manufactured Homes", "Real Property Lien Conversion for Manufactured Homes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "64", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 64. ASSIGNMENT OF RENTS TO LIENHOLDER", "url": "/statutes/PR/64.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/64.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rules for using rental income from a property as collateral for a loan. It explains how a rent assignment is created, recorded, perfected, and enforced, including the notices that must be sent to the property owner and tenants. It also details how collected rent proceeds are applied to the loan and how priority among competing interests is determined.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a lender collect rent directly from my tenant if I default on my loan?", "What steps must be taken to record an assignment of rents in the county?", "What notice must be given to a tenant when rent is assigned to a lienholder?", "Do I have to keep paying rent to my landlord after an assignment of rents is in place?", "Does an assignment of rents give the lender any ownership or possession rights over the property?", "How are the proceeds from collected rent applied to the secured loan and other expenses?", "What priority does a rent assignment have compared to other liens or security interests?", "Can a rent assignment be enforced if the property is my homestead?", "How long does the property owner have to turn over rent proceeds to the assignee after receiving notice?", "What form must a notice to a tenant follow to be valid under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "rent-assignment", "security-interest", "notice-requirements", "priority", "proceeds-application", "homestead-exception" ], "synonyms": [ "assignment of rents", "rent assignment", "rent lien", "rent security", "rent collection lien", "assignment of rents to lienholder" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "65", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 65. AUTHORITY OF CO-OWNER TO ENCUMBER RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY", "url": "/statutes/PR/65.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/65.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a co‑owner who lives in a small residential property (no more than four families and ten acres) and has a homestead exemption act as the other co‑owner’s agent for certain financial matters. After five years of continuous occupancy, paying all property taxes on their own, the occupying co‑owner can file affidavits and a tax certificate to gain the power to sign contracts for repairs and obtain a deed of trust. The authority is limited to creating mechanic’s and materialman’s liens and the occupying co‑owner alone is responsible for any debt incurred.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I get a loan to repair a house I co‑own without my co‑owner’s consent?", "What requirements must I meet to act as my co‑owner’s agent for a home improvement contract?", "Do I need a homestead exemption to encumber a co‑owned residential property?", "How many years must I have lived in the property before I can sign a deed of trust for it?", "What documents do I have to file with the county clerk to become an agent for another co‑owner?", "Can a mechanic’s lien I obtain on a co‑owned home be challenged by the other co‑owner?", "Am I allowed to take out a mortgage on a property I share with others if I’m the primary resident?", "Do I have to pay all property taxes myself to qualify for this authority?", "Is this authority available if a university is one of the co‑owners?", "What types of contracts am I permitted to enter into on behalf of a co‑owner under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "co-owner-authority", "residential-property", "homestead-exemption", "mechanic-lien", "deed-of-trust", "tax-payment", "affidavit-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "right of co‑owner to encumber residence", "co‑owner agent authority", "Texas Property Code Chapter 65", "authority to place liens on co‑owned home", "homestead co‑owner lien power" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "66", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 66. SALE OF PROPERTY SUBJECT TO OIL OR GAS LEASE", "url": "/statutes/PR/66.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/66.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how oil and gas leases are treated when the underlying property is sold, especially after a mortgage foreclosure. It says that a lease that was recorded before the foreclosure can survive and its royalty rights may pass to the new owner, unless the mortgage had priority over the lease. The chapter also allows parties to modify these rules with agreements, but only if the leaseholder agrees. It does not apply to mortgages that do not attach to the mineral interest.", "questions_answered": [ "What happens to an oil or gas lease when the property is foreclosed?", "Do I keep my royalty payments after a foreclosure sale?", "Can a mortgagee take over the lease rights to the mineral estate?", "Does a recorded oil lease survive a foreclosure if it was filed before the sale?", "Can a lease be terminated because the property was foreclosed on?", "How are surface use rights under an oil lease affected by a foreclosure?", "Can a subordination or other agreement change the default rules for lease and mortgage priority?", "Can a mortgagor change the effect of this law without the lessee’s consent?", "Does this law apply if the mortgage only covers the surface, not the mineral interest?", "What determines whether the lease or the mortgage has priority in a foreclosure?" ], "issue_tags": [ "oil-gas-lease", "foreclosure", "mineral-rights", "mortgage-priority", "royalty-transfer", "lease-surface-rights", "subordination-agreement" ], "synonyms": [ "oil and gas lease foreclosure rules", "mineral lease sale provisions", "real property oil lease priority", "oil lease and mortgage interaction", "lease rights after foreclosure", "oil lease priority in foreclosure" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "67", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 67. OIL AND GAS LIENS", "url": "/statutes/PR/67.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/67.json", "summary": "This chapter gives owners of oil and gas rights a lien that secures their right to be paid for the production and any proceeds from its sale. The lien automatically attaches to oil and gas before and after it is taken from the ground, stays in place through transfers, and has priority over most other claims. It also sets out how the lien is perfected, how it works when oil is mixed together, and the rules for enforcing it, including time limits and where to sue.", "questions_answered": [ "What is an oil and gas lien and how does it protect my right to be paid?", "When does the lien attach to oil or gas before it is extracted?", "Does the lien continue if I sell or transfer my oil and gas interest?", "How is the oil and gas lien automatically perfected without filing paperwork?", "What happens to my lien if the oil or gas from different owners is mixed together?", "Can a buyer of oil or gas take the product free of my lien?", "What priority does an oil and gas lien have compared to other liens or security interests?", "How long do I have to file a lawsuit to enforce my oil and gas lien?", "In which court can I bring an action to enforce the lien?", "Can I waive or release the lien, and what must the buyer do if I do?", "What is a permitted lien and does it affect my oil and gas lien?", "What rights does an operator have to withhold or set off payments to other interest owners?" ], "issue_tags": [ "oil-gas-lien", "payment-security", "lien-priority", "lien-perfection", "commingling", "purchaser-rights", "enforcement-timeframe", "waiver" ], "synonyms": [ "oil and gas lien", "mineral lien", "oil and gas security interest", "Texas oil and gas lien law", "oil and gas lien provisions", "oil and gas lien chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "68", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 68. RICO LIENS", "url": "/statutes/PR/68.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/68.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas investigators, the attorney general, or local prosecutors place a lien on real property when they believe the property was used in a RICO offense. It sets out how to file and serve the lien notice, how long the lien lasts, how it can be renewed or released, and the duties and possible liability of trustees who hold title to the property. It also provides a process for property owners to challenge the lien in court.", "questions_answered": [ "Can the state place a lien on my house if I'm suspected of a RICO crime?", "How does an investigative agency file a RICO lien notice on real property?", "What notice must the property owner receive when a RICO lien is filed?", "How long does a RICO lien stay in effect and can it be renewed?", "What can I do to have a RICO lien removed or discharged?", "What responsibilities do trustees have if a RICO lien is filed against property they hold?", "What penalties do trustees face for failing to disclose information about a RICO lien?", "Does a RICO lien affect my ability to sell or transfer the property?", "Can a court order the release of a specific piece of property from a RICO lien?", "What happens to a RICO lien if the related criminal case is dismissed or the person is acquitted?" ], "issue_tags": [ "rico-lien", "property-rights", "trustee-obligations", "civil-action", "notice-service", "liens-expiration", "court-challenge" ], "synonyms": [ "RICO property lien", "Texas RICO lien law", "state lien for racketeering", "RICO lien notice" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "70", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 70. MISCELLANEOUS LIENS", "url": "/statutes/PR/70.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/70.json", "summary": "Chapter 70 sets out the rules for various possessory liens in Texas, letting workers, repair shops, and other service providers keep or sell personal property until they are paid. It details how liens work for items like cars, boats, garments, animals, aircraft, crops, and even vehicles that damage a fence, including notice requirements, sale procedures, and penalties for violations. The chapter also covers how liens are created, perfected, and discharged, and provides for attorney's fees and criminal offenses related to improper possession.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a mechanic keep my car until I pay for the repairs?", "What happens if I give a bounced check for a repair and the worker still has my vehicle?", "Do I have to pay a lien on a garment that was left for cleaning or alteration?", "Can a stable keeper or garageman hold my animal or vehicle until I pay for care charges?", "How does a veterinarian’s lien on a large animal work and when does it attach?", "What notice must a lien holder give before selling my motor vehicle, boat, or aircraft?", "Can a landowner place a lien on a vehicle that damages my fence, and how is the amount calculated?", "How are agricultural crop liens created when I deliver my crop to a warehouse or contract purchaser?", "What are the steps for recording and enforcing a lien on an aircraft after repairs or storage?", "What penalties exist for improperly taking possession of property subject to a lien?" ], "issue_tags": [ "worker-lien", "vehicle-repossession", "garment-lien", "animal-care-lien", "agricultural-crop-lien", "aircraft-lien", "veterinary-lien", "landowner-fence-lien" ], "synonyms": [ "possessory liens", "repair liens", "mechanic's lien", "artisan lien", "miscellaneous liens", "Texas lien statutes", "property lien code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "71", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 71. ESCHEAT OF PROPERTY", "url": "/statutes/PR/71.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/71.json", "summary": "This chapter explains when a person’s real or personal property goes to the state because they died without a will and without heirs. It sets out how the state determines death, how a petition for escheat is filed, the court process, and how the property is either sold or held for school funds. It also describes how heirs or claimants can try to recover the property and how appeals work.", "questions_answered": [ "What happens to a person’s property if they die without a will and no heirs?", "How does Texas decide that someone is dead for escheat purposes?", "When is a deceased person presumed to have died intestate?", "Who can file a petition to escheat real or personal property?", "What information must be included in an escheat petition?", "How are interested parties notified and given a chance to contest an escheat proceeding?", "Can a judgment that gives the state title to property be appealed?", "What does the state do with real estate that escheats after 1985?", "How is personal property that escheats sold and what happens to the proceeds?", "How can an heir or legatee recover personal property that was escheated to the state?", "What are the deadlines to sue the state for escheated personal or real property?", "What counts as a lawful act of ownership for the purpose of preventing escheat?" ], "issue_tags": [ "escheat", "intestate", "unclaimed-property", "probate", "state-ownership", "property-recovery", "tax-assessment" ], "synonyms": [ "escheat of property", "unclaimed property law", "intestate escheat", "state escheat proceedings", "Texas escheat statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "72", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 72. ABANDONMENT OF PERSONAL PROPERTY", "url": "/statutes/PR/72.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/72.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out when personal property—both tangible and intangible—is considered abandoned in Texas and how the state must handle it. It lists the types of property covered, the time periods that trigger a presumption of abandonment, and rules for preserving the property and transferring it to the state. The chapter also includes special rules for wages, prepaid cards, utility deposits, traveler’s checks, and items found on county land.", "questions_answered": [ "When does personal property become presumed abandoned in Texas?", "How long must unclaimed wages sit before they are considered abandoned?", "What is the abandonment timeline for a stored value (prepaid) card?", "When do utility deposits become abandoned and can they be kept by the utility?", "How many years must pass before a traveler’s check or money order is deemed abandoned?", "What happens to mutual fund shares that have no owner contact for three years?", "How does Texas treat personal property that is found on county land or in a county park?", "Can a holder charge fees on an abandoned money order, and if so, how much?", "What types of intangible property, like stock or insurance proceeds, are covered by the abandonment rules?", "Who is considered a “holder” of abandoned property under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "abandonment", "unclaimed-property", "personal-property", "utility-deposits", "stored-value-cards", "wages", "traveler-checks", "county-property" ], "synonyms": [ "Abandoned personal property", "Unclaimed property law", "Escheatment of personal assets", "Texas unclaimed assets", "Abandonment of tangible and intangible property" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "73", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 73. PROPERTY HELD BY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS", "url": "/statutes/PR/73.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/73.json", "summary": "This chapter tells banks and similar financial institutions how to keep inactive accounts, safe‑deposit boxes, and checks safe and untouched. It sets the time frames that trigger a presumption of abandonment and outlines the steps the holder must follow, including notice requirements. It also lets owners name a representative to receive those notices.", "questions_answered": [ "What happens to my bank account if I don’t use it for a year?", "When does a safe‑deposit box become considered abandoned?", "How long must a check sit before the bank can treat it as abandoned?", "Can a bank charge fees or reduce the value of an inactive account?", "What types of financial institutions must follow these rules?", "How can I tell the bank my current address so they don’t think my account is abandoned?", "Can I name someone else to receive notices about my account or safe‑deposit box?", "What steps does a bank have to take before declaring my account abandoned?", "Who decides if my property is abandoned and what happens to it?", "Does a checking or savings account need a longer or shorter inactivity period before it’s presumed abandoned?" ], "issue_tags": [ "inactive-accounts", "safe-deposit-boxes", "abandoned-property", "bank-notifications", "check-abandonment", "depository-definitions" ], "synonyms": [ "unclaimed bank property", "abandoned accounts and boxes", "financial institution property rules", "Texas unclaimed property for banks", "inactive account preservation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "74", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 74. REPORT, DELIVERY, AND CLAIMS PROCESS", "url": "/statutes/PR/74.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/74.json", "summary": "Chapter 74 sets out the Texas rules for handling property that is presumed abandoned. It tells businesses when and how to report such property, how to notify owners, and how to deliver the property to the state comptroller. The chapter also explains how owners can claim their property, what penalties apply for non‑compliance, and how the state manages and protects the reported assets.", "questions_answered": [ "When must a holder file a property report for unclaimed assets?", "What information must be included in the unclaimed property report?", "How and when should a holder notify the owner of unclaimed property?", "What is the deadline for delivering unclaimed property to the comptroller?", "Can affiliated companies combine their reports into one filing?", "What penalties or interest apply if a holder fails to report or deliver the property?", "How does an owner file a claim for property held by the comptroller?", "What steps can be taken if a claim is denied or the claimant wants to appeal?", "Are there exemptions or reduced requirements for small amounts of property?", "How does the comptroller handle and invest unclaimed money?", "Is the information in the property report kept confidential, and for how long?", "Can the comptroller charge the holder for the cost of notice?" ], "issue_tags": [ "unclaimed-property", "reporting", "delivery", "claims-process", "penalties", "confidentiality", "notice" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Unclaimed Property Act", "Chapter 74 Unclaimed Property", "Report and Delivery of Abandoned Property", "Texas Comptroller Unclaimed Property Process" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "75", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 75. TEXAS MINERALS", "url": "/statutes/PR/75.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/75.json", "summary": "This chapter defines what is considered a mineral in Texas and explains when mineral proceeds are covered by the law. It requires buyers of mineral royalties to prove the transfer with comptroller documentation. If mineral proceeds go unclaimed for more than three years, they are presumed abandoned, and the holder must keep the property intact without using it for other purposes.", "questions_answered": [ "What types of substances are considered minerals under Texas law?", "When do mineral proceeds become presumed abandoned?", "What documentation is needed when I buy someone’s mineral royalties?", "How long can an owner go without claiming mineral proceeds before they are considered abandoned?", "Can a holder of abandoned mineral proceeds use the money for other expenses?", "Do I have to report mineral proceeds to the Texas comptroller?", "Who is considered a holder of property under this chapter?", "Does this law apply to mineral leases and royalties from oil, gas, coal, and other minerals in Texas?", "What must a holder do to preserve abandoned mineral property?", "What happens to mineral proceeds that are unclaimed after three years?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-minerals", "mineral-proceeds", "abandonment", "property-transfer", "unclaimed-property", "comptroller-reporting" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Minerals Chapter", "Mineral Proceeds Act", "Texas Mineral Abandonment Rules", "Texas Property Code Chapter 75", "Mineral Rights Abandonment", "Unclaimed Mineral Proceeds" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "76", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 76. REPORT, DELIVERY, AND CLAIMS PROCESS FOR CERTAIN PROPERTY", "url": "/statutes/PR/76.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/76.json", "summary": "This chapter tells school districts, municipalities, counties, and optionally junior colleges how to handle small abandoned property (valued at $100 or less). It requires them to report the property, keep records, publish notices, deliver the property to the treasurer, manage sales or disposal, and handle claims through an unclaimed money fund, with penalties for non‑compliance.", "questions_answered": [ "Which public entities have to follow this chapter?", "What kinds of property are covered by this chapter?", "When must a holder file the annual property report?", "What information must be kept in the records and for how long?", "How are owners notified that their property is considered abandoned?", "What steps does the treasurer take to sell or dispose of the property?", "How can an owner claim their abandoned money or property?", "What fees can a third party charge for helping recover the property?", "What penalties apply if a holder fails to file the report or follow the process?", "Can another state claim the property and how does that work?" ], "issue_tags": [ "unclaimed-property", "reporting", "notice", "claim-process", "public-sale", "penalties", "fund-management" ], "synonyms": [ "Unclaimed Property Reporting and Claims Act", "Abandoned Property Procedure", "Small Unclaimed Property Chapter", "Texas Unclaimed Money Process", "Chapter 76 Property Code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "77", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 77. REPORT, DELIVERY, AND CLAIMS PROCESS FOR UNCLAIMED RESTITUTION PAYMENTS", "url": "/statutes/PR/77.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/77.json", "summary": "This chapter tells anyone who holds a restitution payment that the victim hasn't claimed how to report it, notify the victim, and turn the money over to the state comptroller. It also explains how victims, heirs, or other rightful parties can claim the money, keeps certain information confidential, and sets penalties for non‑compliance.", "questions_answered": [ "What must I do if I have a restitution payment that the victim never claimed?", "When and how do I have to report unclaimed restitution payments to the comptroller?", "Do I need to send a notice to the victim before turning the payment over to the state?", "What information do I have to include in the property report about the victim and the case?", "How does the state keep the unclaimed restitution money safe after I deliver it?", "Who is allowed to claim the unclaimed restitution payment once it’s with the comptroller?", "Can a creditor or other third party claim the unclaimed restitution money?", "What penalties apply if I fail to deliver the unclaimed restitution payment on time?", "Can the comptroller publish information about unclaimed restitution payments online?", "What fees can a recovery service charge for helping a victim claim the money?" ], "issue_tags": [ "unclaimed-restitution", "reporting-requirements", "payment-delivery", "victim-notice", "claim-process", "confidentiality", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "unclaimed restitution payments process", "abandoned restitution rules", "restitution claim handling", "Texas restitution reporting and delivery" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "80", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 80. OWNERSHIP, CONSERVATION, AND DISPOSITION OF PROPERTY LOANED TO MUSEUM", "url": "/statutes/PR/80.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/80.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out how museums handle items that are loaned to them, including when the original owner cannot be reached, how a loan can be ended, and when the museum may keep or dispose of the item. It requires museums to give notice to owners, allows them to conserve or discard items in emergencies, and explains when ownership shifts to the museum.", "questions_answered": [ "What happens to my artifact if a museum can't contact me after I loan it?", "How does a museum end a long‑term loan of property?", "When does a museum become the owner of a loaned item?", "What notice must a museum give before claiming ownership of a loaned object?", "Can a museum repair or throw away a loaned item without the owner's permission?", "How long do I have to sue a museum to get my loaned property back?", "What happens if I don't respond to a museum's notice about terminating a loan?", "Do I need a written agreement for a museum to keep my loaned property?", "What liability does a museum have if it damages a loaned item while conserving it?", "Can I sell a loaned item to someone else after the museum claims title?" ], "issue_tags": [ "museum-loans", "abandoned-property", "conservation", "title-transfer", "notice-requirements", "loan-termination" ], "synonyms": [ "Museum loan ownership rules", "Cultural property loan statutes", "Museum loan termination provisions", "Loaned property abandonment guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "81", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 81. CONDOMINIUMS CREATED BEFORE ADOPTION OF UNIFORM CONDOMINIUM ACT", "url": "/statutes/PR/81.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/81.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for condominiums that were created before 1994. It explains how a condo is formed, what parts of the building belong to each unit owner, how common areas are shared, and how owners manage, insure, and possibly end the condominium regime. It also tells you what votes are needed to change the declaration or dissolve the condo and how records and assessments are handled.", "questions_answered": [ "Does this law apply to my condominium that was built before 1994?", "What exactly is considered my condo unit and what does it include?", "How are common areas defined and who owns them?", "What vote is required to amend the condominium declaration or bylaws?", "Can the condominium be terminated and, if so, how is that done?", "What happens to insurance proceeds if the building is damaged?", "Can a condominium’s common elements be partitioned among owners?", "Who is responsible for paying condo assessments when I sell my unit?", "What records does the county keep about my condominium?", "Can a bank lend on my condo unit and its share of the common elements?" ], "issue_tags": [ "condominium", "pre-1994", "common-elements", "ownership", "management", "insurance", "termination" ], "synonyms": [ "Condominium Act", "Old Condominium Law", "Pre‑Uniform Condominium Act", "Condo statutes before 1994", "Texas Condominium Chapter 81" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "82", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 82. UNIFORM CONDOMINIUM ACT", "url": "/statutes/PR/82.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/82.json", "summary": "The Uniform Condominium Act sets the rules for creating, running, and ending condominiums in Texas. It defines how units, common areas, and owners' shares are described, how the owners' association is organized, and what duties it has for maintenance, insurance, assessments, and meetings. The act also covers how declarations can be amended, how special rights of developers are handled, and what happens in events like condemnation or termination.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I create a condominium and record its declaration in Texas?", "What rights and responsibilities do unit owners have in a condo association?", "How are common expenses and voting shares allocated among units?", "Can the association change the declaration or bylaws, and what vote is needed?", "What insurance must the condo association carry and how are claims handled?", "What happens to my unit and my share if part of it is taken by condemnation?", "How can a condominium be terminated and what are the owners' rights after termination?", "What are the rules for holding association meetings and voting, including proxies?", "What assessments can the association levy and how are they collected?", "How are special developer (declarant) rights created, transferred, or limited?" ], "issue_tags": [ "condominium-creation", "unit-ownership", "association-management", "common-elements", "assessments", "insurance", "termination", "development-rights" ], "synonyms": [ "Uniform Condominium Act", "Texas Condominium Act", "Chapter 82 of the Texas Property Code", "Texas Condo Law", "Uniform Condominium Statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "91", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 91. PROVISIONS GENERALLY APPLICABLE TO LANDLORDS AND TENANTS", "url": "/statutes/PR/91.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/91.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the basic rules for ending month‑to‑month rentals, including how much notice is required and when the tenancy ends. It also allows a landlord to end a lease if a tenant is convicted of a public indecency offense, gives tenants a lien if the landlord breaches the lease, bans subletting without permission, and requires landlords to try to lessen their losses when a tenant abandons the property.", "questions_answered": [ "How much notice do I need to give to end a month‑to‑month rental?", "When does a month‑to‑month tenancy actually end after notice is given?", "Can a landlord end a lease if the tenant is convicted of a public indecency crime?", "What steps must a landlord take to terminate a lease for a public indecency conviction?", "What rights does a tenant have if the landlord fails to fulfill the lease agreement?", "Can a tenant place a lien on the landlord’s property if the landlord breaches the lease?", "Am I allowed to sublet my rented apartment without the landlord’s permission?", "What does “mitigate damages” mean for a landlord when a tenant abandons the premises?", "Can a lease clause that tries to waive a landlord’s duty to mitigate damages be enforced?", "Does a tenant have to pay rent for the whole month if the tenancy ends mid‑month?" ], "issue_tags": [ "landlord-tenant", "termination-notice", "subletting", "lease-breach", "mitigation-damages", "public-indecency", "tenant-lien" ], "synonyms": [ "General landlord‑tenant provisions", "Landlord and tenant rules", "Tenancy termination rules", "Lease termination and duties" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "92", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 92. RESIDENTIAL TENANCIES", "url": "/statutes/PR/92.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/92.json", "summary": "Chapter 92 of the Texas Property Code sets out the rights and duties of landlords and tenants for residential rentals. It covers everything from lease definitions, repair obligations, utility interruptions, security deposits, and required security devices to special lease termination rights for family violence, military service, and other emergencies. The chapter also includes rules on smoke alarm installation, landlord disclosures, retaliation protections, and how tenants can enforce their remedies.", "questions_answered": [ "What repairs is a landlord required to fix in a rental home?", "Can a landlord shut off my electricity or water without warning?", "How do I get my security deposit back when I move out?", "What security devices (locks, deadbolts, window latches) must be installed in my rental unit?", "What are the smoke alarm requirements for my apartment?", "Can I end my lease early if I’m a victim of family violence or a military deployment?", "What can I do if my landlord changes the locks or locks me out of my apartment?", "How do I find out who owns or manages my rental property?", "What are my rights if my landlord retaliates against me for complaining about repairs?", "How are late fees calculated and can a landlord charge them?" ], "issue_tags": [ "residential-tenancy", "landlord-tenant-duties", "security-deposits", "utility-interruption", "security-devices", "smoke-alarm", "lease-termination", "retaliation" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Residential Tenancy Act", "Property Code Chapter 92", "Texas landlord-tenant law", "Residential lease statutes", "Texas rental property regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "93", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 93. COMMERCIAL TENANCIES", "url": "/statutes/PR/93.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/93.json", "summary": "Chapter 93 sets the rules for Texas commercial landlord‑tenant relationships. It tells landlords what they may not do, like cutting off utilities or removing doors, and gives tenants rights to regain entry if locked out illegally. The chapter also lays out how security deposits must be handled, when they must be returned, and what deductions are allowed. It adds penalties for bad‑faith actions and allows landlords to end a lease for certain illegal activities.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a landlord cut off my electricity or water without my consent?", "May a landlord remove doors, locks, or fixtures from my commercial space?", "What should I do if my landlord locks me out of the premises?", "How long does a landlord have to return my security deposit after I move out?", "Can a landlord keep part of my deposit for normal wear and tear?", "Do I have to give my forwarding address to get my deposit back?", "What penalties does a landlord face for illegally withholding my deposit?", "Can a landlord change the lock if I’m late on rent, and what notice must they give?", "When can a landlord terminate my lease for illegal activities like prostitution or unlicensed massage businesses?", "Am I allowed to withhold the last month’s rent because of a deposit dispute?", "What records must a landlord keep about my security deposit?", "If the property is sold, who is responsible for returning my security deposit?" ], "issue_tags": [ "commercial-tenancy", "security-deposit", "landlord-tenant-disputes", "illegal-lockout", "unlawful-use", "deposit-refund", "landlord-liability" ], "synonyms": [ "Commercial Tenancy Act", "Texas Commercial Lease Rules", "Chapter 93 Property Code", "Commercial Rental Property statutes", "Landlord‑Tenant Commercial Regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "94", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 94. MANUFACTURED HOME TENANCIES", "url": "/statutes/PR/94.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/94.json", "summary": "Chapter 94 sets the rules for the relationship between landlords and tenants in Texas manufactured home communities. It covers how leases must be written and disclosed, what landlords can require for security deposits, when and how landlords may enter a home, maintenance and repair duties, and the procedures for ending a lease, evicting a tenant, or handling retaliation. The chapter also outlines tenant remedies for problems like unsafe conditions or withheld deposits.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my landlord enter my manufactured home without my consent?", "What notice must my landlord give before ending or not renewing my lease?", "How much security deposit can my landlord require and when must it be returned?", "What are my rights if the landlord fails to fix a health or safety problem in the community?", "Can the landlord charge me for normal wear and tear when I move out?", "What rules can the landlord set for the common areas and community meetings?", "Do I have to receive rent notices at my primary residence instead of the leased lot?", "What can I do if the landlord tries to increase my rent or fees after a repair?", "How does the eviction process work for manufactured home tenants?", "What protections do I have against landlord retaliation for complaining about repairs?" ], "issue_tags": [ "manufactured-home-tenancy", "lease-terms", "security-deposit", "landlord-entry", "maintenance-repair", "eviction-procedures", "retaliation-protection", "notice-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas manufactured home community tenancy law", "mobile home park lease regulations", "TX Property Code Chapter 94", "manufactured home lease statutes", "manufactured home tenancy rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "101", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 101. PROVISIONS GENERALLY APPLICABLE TO TRUSTS", "url": "/statutes/PR/101.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/101.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for property that is transferred to a person named as a trustee when the trust itself isn’t identified. It lets the trustee manage, sell, or mortgage that property without being challenged by anyone claiming to be a beneficiary. It also makes clear that the property held in trust is protected from the trustee’s personal debts.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a trustee sell or mortgage property if the trust isn’t named in the deed?", "What happens if a property is transferred to a trustee but the trust and beneficiaries aren’t disclosed?", "Can someone who says they are a beneficiary stop a trustee from dealing with the property?", "Is trust property subject to the personal creditors of the trustee?", "Does a trustee need to identify the trust before transferring the title?", "Can a trustee keep the property separate from their own assets even if the trust is undisclosed?", "What rights do alleged beneficiaries have when a trustee handles undisclosed trust property?", "If a trustee is sued personally, can the trust’s assets be used to pay the judgment?", "Do I need to name the trust in a conveyance to protect the property?", "Can a trustee act in their individual capacity when the trust isn’t identified?" ], "issue_tags": [ "trustee-conveyance", "undisclosed-trust", "trust-property-liability", "beneficiary-rights", "trustee-personal-debts" ], "synonyms": [ "general trust provisions", "trustee property rules", "undisclosed beneficiary statutes", "trust property protection", "trust conveyance guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "111", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 111. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/PR/111.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/111.json", "summary": "Chapter 111 sets out the Texas Trust Code, which governs how express trusts are created, run, and ended. It defines key terms like trustee, beneficiary, and trust property, and explains that the code controls trustees' duties and beneficiaries' rights unless a trust term conflicts with mandatory rules. The chapter also clarifies which types of trusts are excluded and when the code applies to older trusts.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Texas Trust Code and what does Chapter 111 cover?", "Which kinds of trusts are governed by this chapter?", "What does the code say about a trustee’s duties and powers?", "Can a trust’s terms override the rules in the Texas Trust Code?", "Who is considered a beneficiary under the Texas Trust Code?", "What is an express trust and how is it different from other trusts?", "Does this chapter apply to trusts created before 1984?", "What does the term ‘affiliate’ mean in the context of a trust?", "How is ‘person’ defined for trust purposes?", "What constitutes a breach of trust under this code?", "Can a trust limit a beneficiary’s right to an accounting?", "What are the mandatory rules that a trust cannot waive?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-trust-code", "express-trust", "trustee-duties", "beneficiary-rights", "trust-definitions", "trust-governance" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Trust Code", "Chapter 111", "General Provisions of the Texas Trust Code", "Texas Trust Act (as amended)", "Texas trust law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "112", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 112. CREATION, VALIDITY, MODIFICATION, AND TERMINATION OF TRUSTS", "url": "/statutes/PR/112.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/112.json", "summary": "Chapter 112 explains how a trust can be started, what makes it legally valid, and the ways it can be changed or ended. It covers who can create a trust, the need for written evidence, the powers of trustees, special rules like spendthrift and animal trusts, and how divorce or tax rules affect trusts. The chapter also describes how trust assets can be moved to a second trust and the limits on those moves.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I create a valid trust in Texas?", "Do I need a written document to make a trust enforceable?", "Can a trustee be the same person as a beneficiary?", "What is a spendthrift trust and how does it protect assets?", "How can a trust be changed or revoked after it’s created?", "When does a trust automatically end or need to be terminated?", "Can I set up a trust to care for my pet after I die?", "What happens to trust provisions that name a former spouse after a divorce?", "How can I move trust property into another trust?", "What are the rules that limit how long a trust can last?", "Are there special tax rules that affect modifying a trust?", "How does a community trust convert to a nonprofit corporation?" ], "issue_tags": [ "trust-creation", "trust-modification", "trust-termination", "spendthrift-trust", "animal-trust", "rule-against-perpetuities", "divorce-effect", "noncharitable-trust" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Trust Code", "Chapter 112 of the Property Code", "Trust creation and termination statutes", "Texas trust law provisions", "Trust amendment and revocation rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "113", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 113. ADMINISTRATION", "url": "/statutes/PR/113.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/113.json", "summary": "Chapter 113 of the Texas Property Code outlines what a trustee can do and must do when running a trust. It lists the powers trustees have to buy, sell, lease, invest, manage, and protect trust assets, including real estate, minerals, securities, insurance, and digital assets. It also sets out the duties trustees owe, such as keeping accurate accounts, handling taxes, and following rules for resignation, removal, and appointing successors.", "questions_answered": [ "What powers does a trustee have to buy, sell, lease, or develop trust property?", "Can a trustee invest trust money in stocks, bonds, real estate, or other businesses?", "Is a trustee allowed to borrow money or use trust assets as collateral?", "How may a trustee handle mineral rights, oil and gas leases, and related contracts?", "What can a trustee do to pay taxes, insurance, or funeral expenses for beneficiaries?", "When must a trustee provide an accounting to beneficiaries and what must it include?", "How can a trustee resign, be removed, or have a successor appointed?", "What rules apply to a trustee’s use of digital assets held in the trust?", "Can a trustee replace a charitable beneficiary that no longer exists?", "What are the limits on a trustee buying or selling property from or to another trust they manage?" ], "issue_tags": [ "trustee-powers", "trust-administration", "trust-accounting", "trustee-removal", "charitable-trust", "digital-assets", "mineral-rights", "real-estate-management" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Trust Code Chapter 113", "Trust administration statutes", "Powers of trustee provisions", "Duties of trustee rules", "Texas property code trust provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "114", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 114. LIABILITIES, RIGHTS, AND REMEDIES OF TRUSTEES, BENEFICIARIES, AND THIRD PERSONS", "url": "/statutes/PR/114.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/114.json", "summary": "Chapter 114 of the Texas Property Code explains the duties, liabilities, and protections for trustees, beneficiaries, and anyone dealing with a trust. It tells when trustees must pay damages, how beneficiaries can be held responsible, what compensation trustees may receive, and what courts can order to fix breaches. The chapter also covers how third parties are protected when they work with trustees and how trust documents like certifications are used.", "questions_answered": [ "When can a trustee be held personally liable for a breach of trust?", "What types of losses or profits can a trustee be required to return to a beneficiary?", "Can a beneficiary release a trustee from liability, and how must that be done?", "What remedies can a court order if a trustee breaches their duties?", "When is a successor trustee responsible for a predecessor’s breach of trust?", "What rights do third parties have when they deal with a trustee in good faith?", "What is a certification of trust and when is it needed?", "How is a trustee’s compensation determined and can it be reduced for misconduct?", "What liability does a beneficiary have if they misuse trust property?", "What duties and protections do advisors or protectors have in a trust?" ], "issue_tags": [ "trustee-liability", "beneficiary-rights", "third-party-protection", "trust-compensation", "trust-remedies", "certification-of-trust", "advisor-fiduciary" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Trust Code Chapter 114", "Trust liabilities and remedies", "Trustee and beneficiary duties", "Trust fiduciary responsibilities", "Trust liability provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "115", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 115. JURISDICTION, VENUE, AND PROCEEDINGS", "url": "/statutes/PR/115.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/115.json", "summary": "This chapter tells you which Texas courts can hear lawsuits involving trusts and trustees, where those cases should be filed, who may join the lawsuit, and how the proceedings must be conducted. It also sets out notice requirements for beneficiaries and rules for appointing guardians or attorneys to protect interested parties.", "questions_answered": [ "Which Texas court has authority over a lawsuit against a trustee?", "Where should I file a trust dispute in Texas?", "Can a corporate trustee be sued in the same way as an individual trustee?", "Do I have to notify all beneficiaries before filing a claim against a trustee?", "Who is allowed to be a party in a trust‑related lawsuit?", "What notice rules apply when I bring a contract or tort action against a trustee?", "Can the court move a trust case to a different county for convenience?", "When can a guardian ad litem be appointed in a trust proceeding?", "Do trust actions follow the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure?", "What defines the “situs of administration” for venue purposes?", "Can parties waive notice in a trust case, and how?", "What types of courts are excluded from exclusive jurisdiction over trust matters?" ], "issue_tags": [ "jurisdiction", "venue", "trust-litigation", "parties", "notice", "guardians-ad-litem", "procedural-rules" ], "synonyms": [ "trust jurisdiction provisions", "trust venue rules", "trust litigation procedures", "trust court jurisdiction and venue", "trust case filing guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "116", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 116. UNIFORM PRINCIPAL AND INCOME ACT", "url": "/statutes/PR/116.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/116.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out how trustees must split a trust’s receipts and expenses between income and principal, and when they may move money between the two. It outlines the fiduciary’s duties, the factors to consider for adjustments, and how taxes and court oversight are handled. The rules also cover special situations like unitrusts, natural‑resource income, and business activities owned by the trust.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a trustee decide what money belongs to income versus principal?", "When can a trustee move money from principal to income or the other way around?", "What factors must a trustee consider before adjusting principal and income?", "How are rent, dividends, capital gains, and other receipts allocated in a trust?", "When does an income interest in a trust begin and end?", "How are taxes paid from a trust’s income and principal?", "Can a court force a trustee to change a discretionary decision about income allocation?", "What are the rules for distributing a unitrust amount?", "How are receipts from minerals, timber, or other natural resources treated?", "What disbursements must be paid from income versus principal?", "How does a trustee handle business activities or derivatives owned by the trust?", "What are the fiduciary duties for allocating receipts and disbursements in a trust?" ], "issue_tags": [ "principal-income-allocation", "fiduciary-duties", "trust-adjustments", "tax-allocations", "unitrust", "natural-resources", "court-review", "disbursements" ], "synonyms": [ "Uniform Principal and Income Act", "UPIA", "Texas Trust Code income/principal rules", "trust accounting rules", "principal and income allocation statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "117", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 117. UNIFORM PRUDENT INVESTOR ACT", "url": "/statutes/PR/117.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/117.json", "summary": "This chapter tells trustees how to invest and manage trust assets responsibly. It requires them to act like a prudent investor, consider the trust’s goals, diversify unless there’s a good reason not to, and always put the beneficiaries’ interests first. The default rule can be changed by the trust document, and trustees may delegate investment tasks if they follow proper safeguards.", "questions_answered": [ "What standard must a trustee follow when investing trust money?", "Can a trustee invest in risky or speculative assets?", "Does a trustee have to diversify the trust’s investments?", "Can the terms of a trust modify the default prudent investor rule?", "What factors should a trustee consider when choosing investments for a trust?", "Is a trustee allowed to delegate investment decisions to another person or firm?", "What duties does a trustee have when first taking on a trust?", "How must a trustee treat multiple beneficiaries impartially?", "What costs are a trustee allowed to incur while managing trust assets?", "Can a trustee rely on the trust document to avoid liability for investment choices?", "What responsibilities does a trustee have regarding loyalty and impartiality?", "How is compliance with the prudent investor rule evaluated?" ], "issue_tags": [ "prudent-investor-rule", "trustee-duties", "trust-investment", "diversification", "delegation", "loyalty-impartiality", "investment-standards" ], "synonyms": [ "Uniform Prudent Investor Act", "UPIA", "prudent investor rule", "prudent trustee rule", "prudent man rule", "trust investment standards", "fiduciary investment guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "121", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 121. EMPLOYEES' TRUSTS", "url": "/statutes/PR/121.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/121.json", "summary": "This chapter defines employee pension trusts, explains that they are governed by the Texas Trust Code, and allows them to exist and accumulate income for as long as needed. It also sets rules for death benefits from employee trusts, directing payments to trustees, keeping those benefits out of the employee’s estate, and handling unclaimed benefits.", "questions_answered": [ "What is a pension trust and who can create one?", "How long can a pension trust last in Texas?", "Can the income of a pension trust be kept in the trust indefinitely?", "Which law controls pension trusts in Texas?", "Who counts as an employee when a corporation controls other companies?", "How are death benefits from employee trusts paid to a trustee?", "Are death benefits considered part of the deceased employee’s estate or subject to their debts?", "What happens if a death benefit is not claimed within a year?", "Can a trustee mix a death benefit with other trust assets?", "Do beneficiary designations made before 1975 still apply?", "Can a death benefit be paid to a trustee named in a will?" ], "issue_tags": [ "pension-trusts", "employee-benefits", "death-benefits", "trust-code", "estate-exclusion", "unclaimed-benefits", "controlled-corporations" ], "synonyms": [ "employees' trusts", "employer-sponsored retirement plans", "pension and profit‑sharing trusts", "employee benefit trusts", "death benefit trusts", "retirement plan trusts" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "123", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 123. ATTORNEY GENERAL PARTICIPATION IN PROCEEDINGS INVOLVING CHARITABLE TRUSTS", "url": "/statutes/PR/123.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/123.json", "summary": "This chapter gives the Texas Attorney General the right to join or intervene in any lawsuit that involves a charitable trust, to protect the public interest. It requires anyone starting such a case to notify the Attorney General, and makes any judgment or settlement void if that notice is not given. The law also sets where breach‑of‑fiduciary‑duty actions against charities can be filed and allows the Attorney General to recover court costs and attorney fees.", "questions_answered": [ "Can the Texas Attorney General join a lawsuit that involves a charitable trust?", "Do I have to notify the Attorney General when I start a case about a charitable trust?", "What must I include in the notice to the Attorney General for a charitable trust proceeding?", "What happens if I forget to give the required notice to the Attorney General?", "Can the Attorney General approve or reject a settlement in a charitable trust case?", "Where can a breach of fiduciary duty claim against a charitable trust be filed?", "Can the Attorney General recover attorney's fees and court costs in a charitable trust case?", "What types of proceedings are covered by the Attorney General’s participation rules?", "Is a judgment voidable if the Attorney General was not notified?", "Do I need to give notice to the Attorney General if I add new parties to a charitable trust lawsuit?" ], "issue_tags": [ "charitable-trusts", "attorney-general", "notice-requirements", "fiduciary-duty", "venue", "attorney-fees", "voidable-judgments" ], "synonyms": [ "Attorney General participation in charitable trust litigation", "State AG involvement in charity trust cases", "Attorney General intervention in charitable trust proceedings", "Charitable trust AG notice rules", "Texas AG charitable trust authority" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "124", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 124. PARTITION OF MINERAL INTERESTS OF CHARITABLE TRUST", "url": "/statutes/PR/124.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/124.json", "summary": "This chapter protects charitable trusts that own oil, gas, or other mineral rights from being forced to sell or split those rights in court. It says a court can only order a divestiture if the trust refuses to grant a fair and reasonable mineral lease to the party asking for it. The law also defines what counts as a charitable entity, a charitable trust, and a mineral interest.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a court force a charitable trust to sell its oil and gas rights?", "When can a court order a charitable trust to give up its mineral interest?", "What does Texas law consider a 'fair and reasonable' mineral lease for a charitable trust?", "What is a mineral interest under Texas law?", "How does Texas define a charitable entity or charitable trust?", "If a charitable trust refuses a fair lease, can it still keep its mineral rights?", "Does this law apply to a trust that donates mineral rights to a charity?", "Can a plaintiff compel a charitable trust to partition its mineral holdings?", "What protections does Chapter 124 give charitable trusts against forced sales?", "What steps must be taken before a court can order divestiture of a charitable trust’s mineral interest?" ], "issue_tags": [ "charitable-trusts", "mineral-rights", "forced-sale-prohibition", "trust-division", "texas-property-law" ], "synonyms": [ "Partition of Mineral Interests of Charitable Trust", "Charitable Trust Mineral Interest Protection", "Texas Chapter 124", "Mineral Interest Divestiture Rule", "Charitable Trust Asset Safeguard" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "141", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 141. TRANSFERS TO MINORS", "url": "/statutes/PR/141.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/141.json", "summary": "The Texas Uniform Transfers to Minors Act lets an adult give property to a designated custodian for a minor’s benefit. It sets out how the transfer is made, what the custodian must do with the assets, and when the property must be turned over to the child. The law also covers how a custodian can be chosen, replaced, or removed, and what duties and protections apply.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I give a gift or inheritance to my child without them controlling it until they reach adulthood?", "What is a custodian under the Texas Uniform Transfers to Minors Act and who can serve in that role?", "Can I name a bank or trust company as the custodian for my minor’s assets?", "What steps must be taken to create a custodial property transfer for a minor?", "What duties does a custodian have in managing and investing a minor’s property?", "When does the custodial property have to be transferred to the minor, and what age is considered the cutoff?", "Can a custodian be replaced or removed, and how does that process work?", "Do I need a court order to use the minor’s assets for their benefit?", "What happens if the custodian dies, becomes incapacitated, or refuses to serve?", "Is the custodian liable for debts or lawsuits related to the minor’s property?", "Can the minor or their guardian request an accounting of how the custodial property is being handled?" ], "issue_tags": [ "transfers-to-minors", "custodial-property", "minor-beneficiary", "fiduciary-duties", "estate-planning", "guardian-appointments" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Uniform Transfers to Minors Act", "UTMA Texas", "Uniform Gifts to Minors Act", "minor custodianship law", "Texas minor transfer statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "142", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 142. MANAGEMENT OF PROPERTY RECOVERED IN SUIT BY A NEXT FRIEND OR GUARDIAN AD LITEM", "url": "/statutes/PR/142.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/142.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how Texas courts can handle money or other property that is awarded in a lawsuit for a minor or incapacitated person who has no legal guardian. It covers court orders to invest the funds, appoint bonded managers, set up trusts, and arrange structured settlements, as well as the duties and compensation of those who manage the property.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a court invest money awarded to a child or disabled person in a lawsuit?", "Can a next friend or guardian ad litem take control of recovered property for a minor without a guardian?", "What bond is required for someone who manages a minor’s recovered assets?", "How are trustees compensated when they manage a trust for a minor or incapacitated person?", "What types of investments can the court allow for funds held for a minor or disabled beneficiary?", "How does a court create a trust to manage money for a minor or incapacitated person?", "When can a court end a trust that was set up for a minor or disabled beneficiary?", "What is a structured settlement and how can it be used for a minor’s or incapacitated person’s award?", "What requirements must an insurance company meet to provide an annuity for a structured settlement?", "How can a court handle claims from other people who say they have an interest in the managed property?" ], "issue_tags": [ "minor-property-management", "incapacitated-person-funds", "court-appointed-trust", "bonded-manager", "structured-settlement", "investment-options" ], "synonyms": [ "management of property for minors", "guardian ad litem property handling", "court‑appointed property management", "next friend property recovery", "trust creation for disabled beneficiaries" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "143", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 143. POOLED TRUST SUBACCOUNTS", "url": "/statutes/PR/143.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/143.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a Texas court create a special subaccount inside a pooled trust for a disabled or minor person, so their assets can be managed while keeping them eligible for medical assistance. It explains who may apply, requires a court‑appointed attorney for minors or incapacitated persons, sets rules for how the subaccount works, how fees are handled, and says the court that creates the subaccount has exclusive authority over any later disputes.", "questions_answered": [ "Who can apply to set up a pooled‑trust subaccount for a disabled or minor person?", "Do I need an attorney ad litem when a minor or incapacitated person gets a subaccount?", "When does a pooled‑trust subaccount automatically end?", "What happens to the remaining money in the subaccount after it ends?", "Can the trust manager charge fees against the subaccount, and how are those fees paid?", "Which court has authority over disputes involving a pooled‑trust subaccount?", "Can a guardian or trustee establish a subaccount on behalf of the beneficiary?", "Is the court required to receive an annual report about the subaccount?", "What if the beneficiary turns 18 and is not considered disabled?", "How is the property distributed if the beneficiary dies while the subaccount is still open?" ], "issue_tags": [ "pooled-trust", "subaccount", "disabled-person", "guardianship", "medical-assistance", "court-jurisdiction", "trust-fees" ], "synonyms": [ "pooled trust subaccount", "subaccount of a pooled trust", "disabled person trust account", "management trust subaccount", "Texas pooled trust subaccount" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "161", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 161. MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF SECURITIES", "url": "/statutes/PR/161.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/161.json", "summary": "This chapter tells executors, trustees, and other fiduciaries how they can use banks or clearing corporations to hold securities for estates or trusts. It requires the securities to be kept separate from the bank’s own assets, mandates record‑keeping and certification, outlines who pays custodial fees, and sets out liability rules for losses. It also covers depositing securities with the Federal Reserve or a clearing corporation and special rules for insurance companies.", "questions_answered": [ "Can an executor or trustee use a Texas bank as a custodian for trust securities?", "Do banks have to keep securities held for a fiduciary separate from their own assets?", "Who pays the cost when a bank is hired to hold securities for an estate or trust?", "What records must a bank maintain when it holds securities for a fiduciary?", "Can a bank return a security to the fiduciary if it was held in the bank’s nominee name?", "What liability does a bank have if a nominee loses a security held for a fiduciary?", "Can a fiduciary deposit securities with the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas?", "Are there special approvals needed for insurance companies to use these custody rules?", "How can a fiduciary obtain a written certification of the securities a bank holds for them?", "What happens if a clearing corporation merges or holds securities in bulk for a fiduciary?" ], "issue_tags": [ "fiduciary-custody", "securities-management", "bank-nominee", "clearing-corporation", "liability", "record-keeping", "federal-reserve-deposit" ], "synonyms": [ "Management and control of securities", "Fiduciary securities custody rules", "Bank nominee securities provisions", "Clearing corporation securities handling", "Trustee securities custody statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "162", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 162. CONSTRUCTION PAYMENTS, LOAN RECEIPTS, AND MISAPPLICATION OF TRUST FUNDS", "url": "/statutes/PR/162.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/162.json", "summary": "This chapter says that money paid to contractors or borrowed for a building project is treated as a trust fund. It makes contractors and related parties trustees who must keep the money in a special construction account (for residential jobs over $5,000) and maintain detailed records. The law also defines who can claim those funds, sets rules for assigning unpaid trust money, and imposes criminal penalties for misuse.", "questions_answered": [ "When does a payment I make to a contractor become a trust fund?", "Do I have to open a separate construction account for my home remodel?", "What records does a contractor need to keep for trust funds?", "Who is considered a beneficiary of construction trust funds?", "Can a contractor assign my unpaid trust money to another party?", "What actions count as misapplying trust funds?", "What criminal penalties apply if a contractor misuses trust money?", "Are banks, title companies, or surety bonds covered by this chapter?", "How long must a contractor retain construction account documents after a project is finished?", "What does the law mean by a ‘trustee’ in a construction context?" ], "issue_tags": [ "construction-trust-funds", "contractor-trustee", "construction-account", "misapplication-penalties", "beneficiary-rights", "residential-construction" ], "synonyms": [ "construction payment trust rules", "Texas construction trust fund statutes", "contractor trust fund obligations", "construction account requirements", "misapplication of construction trust money" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "163", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 163. MANAGEMENT, INVESTMENT, AND EXPENDITURE OF INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS", "url": "/statutes/PR/163.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/163.json", "summary": "This chapter, known as the Uniform Prudent Management of Institutional Funds Act, tells Texas charities how to responsibly manage, invest, and spend their endowment money. It requires good‑faith, prudent decisions, diversification, and sets spending limits based on fund size, while allowing delegation to experts and providing ways to modify donor restrictions when needed.", "questions_answered": [ "How much of an endowment can a Texas charity spend in a year?", "What factors must a nonprofit consider when investing its endowment funds?", "Can a charitable institution pool several endowment funds together for investment?", "When is a charity allowed to change or release a donor’s investment restrictions?", "What is the legal definition of an endowment fund in Texas?", "May a charity delegate its investment decisions to an outside manager or committee?", "What happens if a donor’s restriction becomes impossible or wasteful to follow?", "Are there special spending rules for large university system endowments?", "What duties does a person with special investment expertise have to the institution?", "How does Texas law treat spending more than 7% of a $1 million+ endowment?", "What steps must be taken to notify the attorney general when modifying a small endowment restriction?" ], "issue_tags": [ "endowment-management", "investment-prudence", "spending-limits", "donor-restrictions", "delegation", "charitable-funds" ], "synonyms": [ "Uniform Prudent Management of Institutional Funds Act", "UPMIFA", "Texas endowment fund rules", "institutional fund management statutes", "charitable fund investment guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "181", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 181. POWERS OF APPOINTMENT", "url": "/statutes/PR/181.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/181.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out the rules for powers of appointment, which let a person (the donee) decide who receives property in a trust or estate. It explains how a donee can release all or part of that power, the paperwork and recording needed, and how the power can be exercised, including creating new appointment powers. The provisions apply to all types of appointment powers except those that are mandatory by trust terms.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I give up my power to appoint property in a trust?", "How do I formally release a power of appointment, and what form must the document take?", "Where do I need to file or record a release of a power of appointment?", "What notice must be given to trustees or buyers when a power has been released?", "If there are multiple people with the same power, does one person's release affect the others?", "Can a guardian release a power of appointment for a disabled person?", "Can I limit my power to certain property, people, or conditions when I exercise it?", "Am I allowed to create new powers of appointment when I make an appointment?", "Does a trust document that restricts alienation stop me from releasing my power?", "What types of appointment powers are covered by this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "powers-of-appointment", "release-of-power", "trust-property", "recording-requirements", "fiduciary-notice", "multiple-donees" ], "synonyms": [ "power of appointment", "appointment power", "trust appointment authority", "donee power", "grantor's appointment right" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "201", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 201. RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS APPLICABLE TO CERTAIN SUBDIVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/PR/201.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/201.json", "summary": "This chapter tells homeowners in large Texas subdivisions how to extend, renew, create, change, or delete the rules that govern their neighborhood, including removing any race, religion, or national origin provisions. It sets out who can start a petition, the voting thresholds needed, filing deadlines, notice requirements, and owners' rights to opt out or challenge the changes.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I extend the expiration date of a restrictive covenant in my subdivision?", "What is the process to create a new restriction for my residential subdivision?", "How do I modify an existing homeowners' covenant in a large subdivision?", "Who is allowed to form a petition committee to change subdivision covenants?", "What percentage of owners must agree to add or modify a restriction?", "What notice must be given to all owners before a covenant change becomes effective?", "Can I exclude my property from a new or extended restriction, and how?", "What can I do if I disagree with a petition to change a covenant?", "What are the filing deadlines for a petition to extend or modify a restriction?", "Do existing lienholders have to follow new restrictions created by a petition?" ], "issue_tags": [ "restrictive-covenants", "subdivision-governance", "covenant-extension", "covenant-modification", "homeowner-petition", "covenant-removal", "notice-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "homeowners' covenant procedures", "subdivision restrictive covenant amendment process", "Texas subdivision covenant extension rules", "restrictive covenant petition rules", "subdivision covenant modification statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "202", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 202. CONSTRUCTION AND ENFORCEMENT OF RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS", "url": "/statutes/PR/202.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/202.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how homeowners' association (HOA) covenants are written, interpreted, and enforced. It sets out what an HOA can and cannot forbid—such as water‑saving practices, solar panels, certain flags, religious displays, firearms, and other home improvements—while also limiting fines, requiring public filing, and allowing owners to withdraw signatures from petitions.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my HOA stop me from installing a rain barrel or composting yard waste?", "What rules does the law place on HOA restrictions for solar panels or solar roof tiles?", "How are restrictive covenants supposed to be interpreted by an HOA and a court?", "Can an HOA fine me for not maintaining my lawn during a drought‑related watering restriction?", "Do HOA governing documents have to be filed with the county to be enforceable?", "How do I withdraw my signature from a petition to change or terminate a covenant?", "What is the maximum daily fine an HOA can assess for violating a covenant?", "Can an HOA prohibit me from displaying the U.S. or Texas flag on my property?", "Is an HOA allowed to ban firearms or ammunition in my home?", "Can a child sell lemonade on HOA property without the HOA being liable?", "What regulations apply to installing a standby electric generator in my home?", "Can an HOA discriminate against renters who use housing vouchers or other assistance?" ], "issue_tags": [ "restrictive-covenants", "homeowners-association", "water-conservation", "solar-energy", "flag-display", "firearms", "discrimination", "standby-generators" ], "synonyms": [ "HOA covenant rules", "property owners' association restrictive covenant regulations", "construction and enforcement of restrictive covenants", "community association deed restrictions", "HOA covenant enforcement guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "203", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 203. ENFORCEMENT OF LAND USE RESTRICTIONS IN CERTAIN COUNTIES", "url": "/statutes/PR/203.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/203.json", "summary": "This chapter gives county attorneys in Texas counties with more than 200,000 residents the power to sue to stop violations of recorded land‑use restrictions, such as setbacks or building limits, as long as the restrictions are not illegal. It requires a filing fee that can be waived for hardship, and allows the county to recover court costs and attorney fees, with any excess possibly refunded to the complainant.", "questions_answered": [ "Can the county attorney sue to enforce a setback or other land‑use restriction in my neighborhood?", "What kinds of land‑use restrictions can be enforced under this law?", "Does this law apply in my county if the population is under 200,000?", "Can the county enforce a restriction that was recorded many years ago?", "Is there a fee I must pay to file a complaint about a land‑use violation?", "Can the filing fee be waived if I cannot afford it?", "Will the county be paid its attorney fees if it wins the enforcement action?", "Can I get a refund if the county recovers more money than it spent on the case?", "Are restrictions that discriminate based on race enforceable under this chapter?", "How does the chapter define a 'restriction' for land‑use purposes?" ], "issue_tags": [ "land-use-enforcement", "county-attorney", "administrative-fee", "restrictive-covenants", "large-counties", "attorney-fees" ], "synonyms": [ "enforcement of restrictive covenants", "land use restriction enforcement", "county attorney enforcement", "restrictive covenant litigation", "land use violation enforcement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "204", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 204. POWERS OF PROPERTY OWNERS' ASSOCIATION RELATING TO RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS IN CERTAIN SUBDIVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/PR/204.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/204.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out what a homeowners (property owners) association can do in certain residential subdivisions, especially how it can create, change, or extend the rules that govern the community. It explains how the association can be formed, how owners must vote to modify restrictions, and what powers the association has over assessments, architectural control, contracts, and enforcement. The rules also describe how these changes affect lienholders and when the chapter applies based on location and population.", "questions_answered": [ "How can a homeowners association change the rules that govern my subdivision?", "What percentage of owners must approve a change to a restrictive covenant?", "Can an HOA require regular or special assessments, and how are they collected?", "What powers does a homeowners association have to hire staff, enter contracts, or sue on behalf of the subdivision?", "How is a new homeowners association created if none existed before?", "When does this chapter apply based on the county’s population or nearby national forest?", "What methods can be used to adopt a change to the community’s restrictions (ballot, meeting, door‑to‑door, etc.)?", "How does an architectural control committee’s authority transfer to the HOA?", "Are lienholders bound by changes to the restrictive covenants or assessment increases?", "Can an HOA modify the original dedication documents that created the subdivision’s restrictions?" ], "issue_tags": [ "homeowners-association", "restrictive-covenants", "assessments", "architectural-control", "subdivision-governance", "lienholder-rights" ], "synonyms": [ "property owners' association authority", "HOA powers", "homeowners association restrictions", "subdivision covenant amendment rules", "community association governance" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "205", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 205. RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS APPLICABLE TO REVISED SUBDIVISIONS IN CERTAIN COUNTIES", "url": "/statutes/PR/205.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/205.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for counties with 65,000 or more residents about how restrictive covenants stay in effect when a subdivision is revised and a new subdivision is created. It requires the new subdivision’s owners to follow a petition process to change those covenants, and it lets a homeowners association board amend covenants only to meet HUD or VA loan requirements, with specific signing and filing steps.", "questions_answered": [ "Do existing restrictive covenants automatically apply to a new subdivision created from a revised plat?", "Which counties are subject to these subdivision covenant rules?", "What steps must the owners of a newly created subdivision take to modify the covenants?", "Can a homeowners association change covenants to qualify for FHA or VA mortgage loans?", "What approval is needed from the association’s governing body to amend covenants under this chapter?", "Do I need to follow the petition procedures in Chapter 204 to change restrictions?", "What paperwork must be filed to record an amendment to the covenants?", "Are there population thresholds that determine whether these rules apply?", "What does the law mean by “restrictions” and “subdivision” in this context?", "Can HUD or VA requirements force a change to the existing covenants?" ], "issue_tags": [ "restrictive-covenants", "subdivision-revision", "homeowners-association", "HUD-loans", "VA-loans", "county-population", "amendment-procedure" ], "synonyms": [ "revised subdivision covenants", "subdivision restriction rules", "property owners association amendment authority", "HUD/VA covenant amendment provision", "county population applicability" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "206", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 206. EXTENSION OF RESTRICTIONS IMPOSING REGULAR ASSESSMENTS IN CERTAIN SUBDIVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/PR/206.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/206.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out how a community association in a very large residential subdivision can extend the time period for regular assessments (fees) that owners must pay. It applies only to subdivisions that meet specific size and population thresholds. The law requires a majority vote of owners, specifies how the vote can be conducted, and mandates that the approval be recorded in county property records. The extension applies to all properties in the subdivision, including commercial parcels.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my homeowners association extend the regular fees it charges owners?", "What size subdivision does this rule apply to?", "Do I need a majority of owners to approve an extension of an assessment?", "How must the vote on extending an assessment be conducted?", "Can the vote be done by mail, at a meeting, or both?", "What paperwork must be recorded after the vote is approved?", "Does an approved extension affect commercial property as well as residential?", "What happens if the original assessment document allowed the fee to expire?", "How is voting handled when a property has multiple owners?", "Where do I find the recorded document proving the extension was approved?" ], "issue_tags": [ "restriction-extension", "regular-assessment", "subdivision-voting", "community-association", "recording-requirements" ], "synonyms": [ "assessment extension rule", "extension of assessment restrictions", "subdivision assessment extension", "regular assessment covenant extension", "community association assessment vote" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "207", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 207. DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION BY PROPERTY OWNERS' ASSOCIATIONS", "url": "/statutes/PR/207.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/207.json", "summary": "This chapter tells homeowners' associations in Texas subdivisions what they must give to owners and buyers when a property is sold. They must provide a resale certificate that lists the rules, fees, assessments, lawsuits, insurance and any violations within specific time limits, and it sets fees they can charge and remedies if they don’t deliver on time. Larger associations also have to post their governing documents online. The law limits the HOA’s liability for undisclosed debts and defines how owners can enforce compliance.", "questions_answered": [ "What information does my HOA have to give me when I sell my home?", "How soon must the HOA provide a resale certificate after I request it?", "What fees can the HOA charge for preparing and delivering the resale certificate?", "What can I do if the HOA doesn’t deliver the resale certificate on time?", "Does the resale certificate include details about assessments, liens, and lawsuits?", "Can I get a copy of the HOA’s rules, restrictions, and bylaws online?", "What happens to HOA liens that aren’t disclosed in the resale certificate?", "Are there limits on how much the HOA can charge for the resale certificate?", "Do I need to prove I have a right to buy the property before the HOA prepares the resale certificate?", "Can the HOA refuse to waive a right of first refusal or other sale restrictions?", "What updates can I request to the resale certificate after it’s issued?", "What are my remedies if the HOA fails to provide the required information?" ], "issue_tags": [ "resale-certificate", "homeowners-association", "disclosure", "assessments", "property-transfer", "hoa-liens", "online-access" ], "synonyms": [ "HOA resale disclosure", "property owners' association resale certificate", "homeowners association information disclosure", "subdivision resale certificate", "HOA resale statement" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "208", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 208. AMENDMENT AND TERMINATION OF RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS IN HISTORIC NEIGHBORHOODS", "url": "/statutes/PR/208.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/208.json", "summary": "This chapter sets out how owners in Texas historic neighborhoods can change or end the restrictive covenants that protect historic properties. It requires a nonprofit historic preservation association to manage the process, defines a common preservation scheme, and mandates a vote of at least 75% of the owners. The law also spells out how votes must be conducted and limits the use of these procedures for assessments or building line changes.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I amend or terminate a historic preservation covenant on my property?", "What qualifies an area as a historic neighborhood in Texas?", "Who can form a historic neighborhood preservation association and who can join it?", "What voting method is required to change a restrictive covenant in a historic district?", "What percentage of owners must approve a covenant amendment or termination?", "Does this process apply to commercial, industrial, or apartment properties in a historic neighborhood?", "Can a restrictive covenant be used as a defense if the original signature page was blank?", "Can a historic preservation association impose regular or special assessments to fund covenant changes?", "Can a building line established by a covenant be altered through this amendment process?", "What documents must be recorded after owners vote to change a covenant?", "Can I enforce a historic preservation covenant against a neighbor who violates it?", "Do I need to be part of a homeowners' association to vote on covenant changes?" ], "issue_tags": [ "historic-preservation", "restrictive-covenants", "homeowner-association", "covenant-amendment", "voting-requirements", "texas-property-law" ], "synonyms": [ "Historic Neighborhood Covenant Amendment Rules", "Texas Historic Preservation Covenant Modification", "Historic District Restrictive Covenant Changes", "Preservation Association Covenant Procedures", "Amendment and Termination of Historic Covenants" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "209", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 209. TEXAS RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY OWNERS PROTECTION ACT", "url": "/statutes/PR/209.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/209.json", "summary": "Chapter 209 of the Texas Property Code sets out the rules that govern residential property owners' associations (often called homeowners' associations). It covers how assessments, fines, and records must be handled, how meetings, elections, and architectural reviews are conducted, and limits the association’s power to foreclose on a property. The chapter also requires clear notice to owners before enforcement actions and provides owners with rights to inspect records and challenge decisions.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I request to see my HOA’s books, financial records, or other documents?", "What notice must my HOA give before charging a fine or suspending my use of common areas?", "Can my HOA foreclose on my home for unpaid assessments, fines, or attorney fees?", "What are the requirements for HOA board meetings to be open and for owners to receive notice?", "How are HOA elections and voting conducted, and what voting methods are allowed?", "What is a management certificate and why does my HOA need to file one?", "Can the HOA change the declaration or bylaws, and what voting threshold is required?", "What limits does the law place on HOA fines, attorney fees, and collection practices?", "Does my HOA have to offer a payment plan for delinquent assessments, and what are the rules?", "What rights do I have if I want to dispute an assessment or request a hearing before the board?", "Can the HOA require approval of lease applicants or tenants, and what information can they request?", "What are the rules for architectural review authority and how can I appeal a denial?" ], "issue_tags": [ "homeowner-association", "assessments", "voting", "notice-requirements", "foreclosure", "records-access", "architectural-review" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Residential Property Owners Protection Act", "HOA law Texas", "Property Code Chapter 209", "Texas homeowners association statutes", "Residential subdivision association regulations", "Texas property owners' association act" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "210", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 210. EXTENSION OR MODIFICATION OF RESIDENTIAL RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS BY PETITION IN CERTAIN SUBDIVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/PR/210.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/210.json", "summary": "This chapter sets up a petition process that lets homeowners in certain Texas subdivisions extend or change the community rules that govern their property. If at least two‑thirds of the property owners approve, the new rules become binding for the whole subdivision, and any race, religion, or national origin provisions must be removed. The law only applies to subdivisions in counties with specific population ranges.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I change the neighborhood rules in my subdivision?", "What voting percentage is needed to modify restrictive covenants?", "Can I remove a racial or religious restriction from my HOA's covenants?", "Who is allowed to vote on a petition to extend or modify restrictions?", "Do lienholders or mineral owners get a vote in this process?", "What steps must the homeowners' association follow to circulate a petition?", "When does an approved modification become effective?", "Which counties are covered by this law?", "Can a subdivision that has multiple sections vote as a single entity?", "What paperwork must be filed after the vote is approved?", "Do I have to send the petition by certified mail?", "Can the property owners' association use this process instead of the subdivision’s own rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "restrictive-covenants", "homeowner-association", "petition-process", "subdivision-governance", "covenant-modification", "racial-restriction-removal" ], "synonyms": [ "HOA covenant amendment procedure", "subdivision restrictive covenant extension", "property owners' association petition", "modifying neighborhood rules", "changing deed restrictions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "211", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 211. AMENDMENT AND ENFORCEMENT OF RESTRICTIONS IN CERTAIN SUBDIVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/PR/211.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/211.json", "summary": "This chapter gives homeowners in certain Texas subdivisions a way to change or add to restrictive covenants without needing every owner to agree. It sets up a voting process that requires a two‑thirds majority of owners, outlines how notices and secret ballots must be handled, and requires the new procedure to be filed in the county records. It also mandates the removal of any covenants that discriminate based on race, religion, or national origin.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I change a restrictive covenant in my subdivision?", "Do I need unanimous consent to amend a deed restriction in my neighborhood?", "What voting threshold is required to amend covenants under Texas law?", "What notice must be given to homeowners before a vote on covenant changes?", "Can a lienholder vote on amendment of subdivision restrictions?", "Which subdivisions are covered by this amendment and enforcement chapter?", "How are race‑based or other discriminatory covenants removed from a subdivision?", "What steps does a homeowners association need to follow to adopt a new amendment procedure?", "What happens if the proposed amendment procedure is rejected by the owners?", "How is an approved amendment procedure recorded with the county?", "Can the same amendment procedure be submitted again after a rejection?", "Are owners allowed to vote more than once if they own multiple lots?" ], "issue_tags": [ "restrictive-covenants", "homeowners-association", "amendment-procedure", "subdivision-governance", "discriminatory-covenants", "voting-requirements", "unincorporated-subdivisions" ], "synonyms": [ "Subdivision covenant amendment process", "Texas property owners' association voting rules", "Amendment of restrictive covenants", "Homeowners association amendment procedure", "Removal of discriminatory covenants", "Covenant modification voting" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "212", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 212. EXTENSION OF RESTRICTIONS BY MAJORITY VOTE IN CERTAIN SUBDIVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/PR/212.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/212.json", "summary": "This chapter lets owners in large city residential subdivisions extend or end the neighborhood covenants that control things like building rules. A simple majority of lot owners can vote to keep the restrictions in place for another set period, or to terminate them early, using a petition or ballot that is filed with the county. No homeowners association is required, and the extension binds all lots, even if some owners didn’t vote. The law also says any unconstitutional part of the restrictions is ignored.", "questions_answered": [ "Can the restrictive covenants in my subdivision be extended after they expire?", "Do I need a homeowners association to extend or terminate the covenants?", "What percentage of lot owners must agree to extend the restrictions?", "How do owners submit their votes to extend or end the covenants?", "What is the deadline for collecting signatures for an extension or termination?", "Does an extension apply to new owners, foreclosed properties, or lienholders?", "Can the covenants be terminated before the end of the extension period?", "What happens if a part of the restriction is found unconstitutional?", "Can the original extension method in the deed be used together with this chapter’s process?", "If I sell my lot after signing a petition, does my vote still count?" ], "issue_tags": [ "restrictive-covenants", "subdivision-extension", "majority-vote", "deed-restrictions", "texas-property-law", "voting-procedure" ], "synonyms": [ "extension of restrictions", "majority vote extension", "deed covenant renewal", "subdivision covenant extension", "homeowner covenant extension", "Texas Property Code Chapter 212" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "214", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 214. AMENDMENT OF DEDICATORY INSTRUMENTS OF CERTAIN MIXED-USE REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENTS", "url": "/statutes/PR/214.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/214.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for changing the governing documents of very large mixed‑use real estate projects in Texas cities with two million or more residents. It requires a majority vote of property owners, specific acreage‑based approval thresholds, and the consent of the current developer for any amendment to be valid. The chapter also overrides any conflicting provisions in the original dedication instrument.", "questions_answered": [ "How can the rules governing a large mixed‑use development be changed?", "Do I need the current developer’s consent to amend the development’s declaration?", "What vote percentage is required to amend use restrictions in a mixed‑use project?", "Does this amendment rule apply to developments that include single‑family homes or condos?", "What size and location must a development have to fall under this chapter?", "Can a property owners’ association change the declaration without the developer’s approval?", "What happens if the original declaration sets a lower voting requirement than this chapter?", "Do these amendment requirements apply to declarations created before 2019?", "Who gets to vote on amendments—individual owners or owners based on acres owned?", "Can a bylaw be amended in a way that conflicts with this chapter’s amendment rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mixed-use-development", "amendment-voting", "developer-consent", "restrictive-covenants", "large-municipality", "property-owners-association" ], "synonyms": [ "amendment of dedicatory instrument", "changing declaration", "mixed‑use development governance", "developer rights amendment", "property owners association rules", "large‑scale development amendment rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "215", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 215. MASTER MIXED-USE PROPERTY OWNERS' ASSOCIATIONS", "url": "/statutes/PR/215.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/215.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for large mixed‑use developments that are run by a master homeowners' association. It defines which properties are covered, outlines the board’s powers, how meetings, voting and notices work, and how the association can enforce covenants, collect assessments, and handle records. It also provides procedures for hearings, payment plans, and foreclosure actions.", "questions_answered": [ "Which types of properties are required to be part of a master mixed‑use homeowners' association?", "What powers does the board of a master HOA have over the development?", "How must the association give notice for annual or special meetings?", "Can the association enforce restrictive covenants without going to court?", "What rights do owners have to inspect the association’s books and records?", "In what order does the association apply payments to delinquent assessments and other charges?", "Can the master HOA foreclose on a property owner's assessment lien?", "What notice must the association give before filing a lawsuit or charging for property damage?", "Do owners have a right to a hearing before the board if they are accused of a violation?", "Can the association set up an alternative payment plan for overdue assessments?", "How are voting and proxy rules handled for members of a master HOA?", "What remedies are available if the association fails to provide requested records?" ], "issue_tags": [ "master-hoa", "mixed-use-development", "restrictive-covenants", "board-powers", "association-records", "assessments", "foreclosure", "hearings" ], "synonyms": [ "master mixed-use property owners' association", "master HOA", "mixed-use HOA", "large community association", "master association" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "216", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 216. EXTENSION OR AMENDMENT OF RESTRICTIONS IN CERTAIN OLDER SUBDIVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/PR/216.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/216.json", "summary": "This chapter gives owners in certain pre‑1947 subdivisions located in large cities a way to extend or change the deed restrictions that govern their neighborhood, including removing any race‑related covenants. It sets a two‑thirds owner vote requirement and a petition or ballot process, and the changes automatically bind all owners, lenders, and future owners. The law also limits how long extensions can last, forbids creating mandatory homeowners associations, and treats unconstitutional provisions as if they never existed.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I change the deed restrictions in my old subdivision?", "How do I remove a racially restrictive covenant from my neighborhood?", "What percentage of owners must agree to amend or extend restrictions?", "Do I need my homeowners association’s approval to change restrictions?", "Can the time limit on existing restrictions be extended?", "Are the new or amended restrictions binding on future owners and lenders?", "Which subdivisions are covered by this law?", "What methods can be used to distribute the petition or ballot?", "Can a property owner opt out of a restriction that has been amended?", "Does this law apply to condominiums or university‑owned property?", "How often can I amend restrictions after a change is made?", "What happens to a restriction that is found unconstitutional?" ], "issue_tags": [ "older-subdivisions", "deed-restrictions", "amendment-process", "voting-requirements", "racially-restrictive-covenants", "homeowners-association", "property-law" ], "synonyms": [ "extension or amendment of restrictions", "old subdivision restriction changes", "deed covenant amendment", "restrictive covenant update", "older subdivision amendment process" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "221", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 221. TEXAS TIMESHARE ACT", "url": "/statutes/PR/221.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/221.json", "summary": "The Texas Timeshare Act sets rules for creating, selling, and managing timeshares in Texas. It requires developers to register plans, provide detailed disclosures, hold buyer deposits in escrow, and give purchasers a six‑day cancellation right. The law also governs owners' associations, annual fee statements, advertising standards, and the handling of transfers or terminations.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I cancel a timeshare purchase after signing the contract?", "What information must a developer give me before I buy a timeshare?", "Do timeshare plans have to be registered with the Texas Real Estate Commission?", "Where does the developer have to keep my deposit during the cancellation period?", "What are the rules for the owners' association board and meetings?", "How are annual fees and expense statements provided to owners?", "What disclosures are required for timeshare exchange programs?", "What penalties can a developer face for false advertising or deceptive practices?", "Can I transfer or terminate my timeshare interest, and what disclosures are needed?", "What are the requirements for escrow or financial assurance for a timeshare under construction?", "How does the law handle multisite versus single‑site timeshare plans?", "What rights do owners have to inspect association books and records?" ], "issue_tags": [ "timeshare", "disclosure", "escrow", "cancellation", "association", "registration", "exchange" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Timeshare Act", "Chapter 221", "Texas timeshare statute", "Timeshare regulation", "Texas timeshare law" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "222", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 222. TEXAS MEMBERSHIP CAMPING RESORT ACT", "url": "/statutes/PR/222.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/222.json", "summary": "The Texas Membership Camping Resort Act sets rules for selling and reselling membership interests in camping resorts. It requires operators, sellers, and brokers to register with the Secretary of State, provide detailed disclosure statements, and include specific terms in contracts. Buyers get a right to cancel within four business days if they haven’t visited the site, and operators must maintain insurance and avoid deceptive practices.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need to register my camping resort with the state before offering membership sales?", "What information must be given to a buyer before they sign a membership camping contract?", "Can I cancel my membership purchase after signing, and how long do I have to do it?", "What are the disclosure requirements for promotions and reciprocal programs?", "What must be included in the membership camping contract and the disclosure statement?", "What insurance does a membership camping resort have to carry?", "What are the registration requirements for sellers and brokers who resell membership contracts?", "What actions are considered false or deceptive under this Act?", "How does a blanket encumbrance affect a camping resort’s membership interests?", "Are there any fees I must pay to the Secretary of State for compliance?", "Does offering a membership interest outside Texas still require compliance with this Act?", "What is a reciprocal program and what disclosures are needed for it?" ], "issue_tags": [ "membership-camping", "registration", "disclosure-requirements", "cancellation-rights", "insurance", "deceptive-practices", "reciprocal-program" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Membership Camping Resort Act", "campground membership law", "membership camping regulations", "Texas camping club statutes", "membership resort statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "223", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 223. BUSINESS ENTITY-OWNED RESIDENTIAL ARRANGEMENTS", "url": "/statutes/PR/223.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/223.json", "summary": "This chapter sets rules for businesses that own single‑family homes, duplexes, triplexes, or quadruplexes and sell ownership interests in the business rather than the land itself. It requires clear disclosure that buyers are purchasing a business interest, bans discriminatory practices, lets owners transfer their interests freely, and forbids the entity from charging fees on those transfers. Violations are treated as deceptive trade practices and can be stopped by a court.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I sell my share in a company that owns a house without getting the company's permission?", "Do I have to be told that I’m buying an interest in a business, not the house itself?", "Is a managing company allowed to charge me a fee when I transfer my interest to someone else?", "Can a business entity that owns a rental home refuse to sell my interest to a qualified buyer?", "What rules apply if I buy an interest in a partnership that owns a duplex?", "Are disputes over my ownership interest required to go to arbitration or can they be taken to court?", "Does this law apply to timeshare plans?", "Can a managing entity limit how I can transfer my ownership interest?", "What happens if a managing entity tries to charge me for the transfer of my interest?", "How can I enforce my rights if a managing entity violates these rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "business-entity-owned-residential", "residential-arrangement-disclosure", "transfer-of-interest", "prohibited-fees", "discrimination-prohibition", "enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "entity-owned homes", "corporate residential arrangements", "business-owned residential property", "managed property ownership", "business entity residential interest" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "240", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 240. TEXAS UNIFORM DISCLAIMER OF PROPERTY INTERESTS ACT", "url": "/statutes/PR/240.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/240.json", "summary": "This chapter gives people and fiduciaries a way to refuse (or \"disclaim\") any interest or power they might receive over property, such as an inheritance, a trust benefit, or a power of appointment. It sets out who can make a disclaimer, how it must be written and delivered, when it becomes effective, and what happens to the disclaimed interest. The law also explains special rules for trustees, surviving owners of joint property, and situations where child‑support obligations may block a disclaimer.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I refuse an inheritance or other property interest I am entitled to?", "Can I decline a life insurance or retirement benefit that would otherwise go to me?", "What steps must I follow to formally disclaimer an interest in a trust?", "Can a trustee refuse to accept property into a trust, and what notice must be given?", "Do I need a court order to disclaimer an interest if I am a personal representative or trustee?", "What happens to the property if I disclaimer it—who gets it instead?", "Can I partially disclaimer a share of an estate or only a portion of a power?", "Are there any restrictions on disclaimer if I owe child support?", "What methods of delivery are allowed for a written disclaimer?", "How does a surviving joint owner disclaimer an interest in survivorship property?", "Can a fiduciary decline a power of appointment they hold?", "Is a disclaimer irrevocable once it is delivered or filed?" ], "issue_tags": [ "disclaimer-of-interest", "fiduciary-disclaimer", "trust-disclaimer", "survivorship-property", "inheritance", "power-of-appointment", "child-support" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests Act", "Disclaimer of Property Interests", "Property Disclaimer Act", "Texas Disclaimer Act" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "PR", "code_name": "Property Code", "chapter": "301", "title": "PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 301. TEXAS FAIR HOUSING ACT", "url": "/statutes/PR/301.md", "json_url": "/statutes/PR/301.json", "summary": "The Texas Fair Housing Act makes it illegal to treat people differently when selling, renting, or financing a home because of race, color, religion, sex, disability, family status, or national origin. It gives people a way to file complaints, have those complaints investigated, and reach settlements, and it lets the Texas Workforce Commission enforce the rules with penalties and court actions. Certain small‑owner sales, religious groups, and senior housing are exempt, and the law also requires accessibility features for new multifamily dwellings.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a landlord refuse to rent to someone because they have a disability?", "Is it illegal for a seller to advertise a home with a preference for a certain race or religion?", "What can I do if I think I was denied a housing opportunity because I have a child under 18?", "Are owners of a single‑family home allowed to sell to only members of their own religion?", "Do new apartment buildings have to include wheelchair‑accessible features?", "How do I file a complaint if I believe I was discriminated against in a housing transaction?", "What time limit do I have to file a fair‑housing complaint in Texas?", "Can a real‑estate broker be sued for refusing to work with a buyer because of their national origin?", "What penalties can be imposed on a landlord who violates the fair‑housing law?", "Does the law protect people who are pregnant or in the process of obtaining custody of a child?", "Can I bring a private lawsuit for housing discrimination without going through the commission?", "What exemptions exist for religious organizations or private clubs regarding housing discrimination?" ], "issue_tags": [ "fair-housing", "housing-discrimination", "complaint-process", "accessibility-requirements", "civil-penalties", "exemptions" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Fair Housing Act", "Chapter 301 of the Texas Property Code", "Texas anti‑discrimination housing law", "Texas fair housing provisions", "Texas workforce commission fair housing rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "1", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/TX/1.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/1.json", "summary": "Chapter 1 of the Texas Property Tax Code sets the groundwork for how property taxes work in the state. It defines key terms like real property, taxable value, and taxing unit, explains who must follow the code, and outlines rules for delivering notices, handling refunds, and using electronic communications. The chapter also covers how forms are provided and how owners can appoint agents to act on their behalf.", "questions_answered": [ "What does the Texas Property Tax Code apply to and who must follow it?", "How does the code define real property, personal property, and taxable value?", "What is a taxing unit and which entities are considered taxing units?", "How are tax notices and other communications delivered to property owners?", "Can I receive tax notices and other communications electronically?", "What are the rules for timing of tax payments or filings if they are mailed on a weekend or holiday?", "How do I change the address where a tax refund is sent?", "What forms must be provided to me for free when dealing with property taxes?", "How can I designate an agent to handle my property tax matters?", "What is the difference between market value, appraised value, and assessed value?" ], "issue_tags": [ "property-tax", "definitions", "notice-delivery", "electronic-communication", "tax-refund", "agent-representation", "valuation" ], "synonyms": [ "Property Tax Code", "Texas Property Tax Code", "Title 1 Property Tax Code", "General Provisions Chapter 1", "Texas ad valorem tax statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "5", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 5. STATE ADMINISTRATION", "url": "/statutes/TX/5.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/5.json", "summary": "This chapter gives the Texas comptroller authority to oversee and improve the state’s property tax system. It creates an advisory board, sets standards for appraisal districts, requires training for appraisers and review boards, and mandates reports, manuals, and audits to ensure uniform and fair property valuations. The comptroller also provides public assistance, electronic forms, and a process for complaints and performance reviews.", "questions_answered": [ "Who appoints the property tax administration advisory board and who can serve on it?", "What training must appraisal review board members complete before hearing a protest?", "How does the comptroller set minimum standards for appraisal districts?", "What reports does the comptroller publish about property values and tax rates?", "How can a taxpayer get help or file a complaint about property tax issues?", "What are the requirements for a performance audit of an appraisal district?", "How are property tax forms standardized and submitted electronically?", "What is a ratio study and how often does the comptroller conduct one?", "How are appraisal manuals created and used by appraisal districts?", "What public information is available about property tax procedures and rates?" ], "issue_tags": [ "property-tax-administration", "appraisal-district-oversight", "training-requirements", "comptroller-standards", "ratio-studies", "public-access", "performance-audit" ], "synonyms": [ "state administration of property taxes", "comptroller oversight of appraisal districts", "Texas property tax administration rules", "appraisal district governance", "property tax system management" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "6", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 6. LOCAL ADMINISTRATION", "url": "/statutes/TX/6.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/6.json", "summary": "Chapter 6 creates an appraisal district in every Texas county and sets out how the district is run. It explains how the board of directors is formed, how members are appointed or elected, what duties the chief appraiser and other officers have, and how the district’s budget is prepared, approved, and funded. The chapter also covers rules on conflicts of interest, contracts, public access, taxpayer liaison officers, and the appraisal review board.", "questions_answered": [ "How is an appraisal district established in a Texas county?", "Who can serve on the appraisal district board of directors and what are the eligibility requirements?", "How are board members selected in counties with less than 75,000 people versus those with more?", "What are the chief appraiser’s responsibilities and qualifications?", "How is the appraisal district’s annual budget created, approved, and funded by taxing units?", "Can a board member be recalled and, if so, how does that process work?", "What conflicts‑of‑interest rules apply to directors, the chief appraiser, and contractors?", "What does a taxpayer liaison officer do and when must one be appointed?", "How is an appraisal review board formed and what are its member qualifications?", "What restrictions exist on contracts between the district and its directors or taxing units?" ], "issue_tags": [ "appraisal-district", "board-governance", "budgeting", "conflicts-of-interest", "taxpayer-liaison", "appraisal-review-board", "contracts" ], "synonyms": [ "local appraisal district administration", "appraisal district governance", "property tax appraisal district rules", "district board of directors statutes", "Texas appraisal district code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "11", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 11. TAXABLE PROPERTY AND EXEMPTIONS", "url": "/statutes/TX/11.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/11.json", "summary": "Chapter 11 of the Texas Tax Code defines which real and tangible personal property is subject to ad valorem tax and lists the many exemptions that can reduce or eliminate that tax. It explains how the state, counties, and other taxing units determine jurisdiction over property, and it provides detailed rules for claiming exemptions such as homestead, veteran, charitable, school, and energy‑related exemptions. The chapter also sets out procedures for applying for, maintaining, and losing exemptions, including special rules for disaster‑affected property and late filings.", "questions_answered": [ "What types of real and personal property are taxable in Texas?", "How can I claim a homestead exemption for my residence?", "What exemptions are available for disabled veterans or their surviving spouses?", "Are there tax breaks for charitable, religious, or nonprofit organizations?", "Can schools, colleges, or child‑care facilities receive property tax exemptions?", "Do solar panels, wind turbines, or other energy devices qualify for tax relief?", "How do disaster or fire damage exemptions work for my property?", "What is the process for applying for a property tax exemption and what deadlines apply?", "Can a property that is used for business but not for income production be exempt?", "How are exemptions affected if I sell or transfer the property?" ], "issue_tags": [ "taxable-property", "property-exemptions", "homestead-exemption", "veteran-exemption", "charitable-organization", "school-exemption", "energy-device-exemption", "disaster-exemption" ], "synonyms": [ "property tax exemptions", "ad valorem tax relief", "Texas property tax exemptions", "taxable property rules", "exempt property statutes", "tax code chapter 11" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "21", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 21. TAXABLE SITUS", "url": "/statutes/TX/21.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/21.json", "summary": "Chapter 21 tells you where different kinds of property are considered to be located for Texas property tax purposes. It covers real estate, personal items, vehicles, drilling rigs, vessels, railroad equipment, and aircraft, and explains how to allocate value when the property is used outside Texas. The chapter also sets out how to apply for an allocation and what penalties apply for late filings.", "questions_answered": [ "When is my land or building taxable in Texas?", "How is my personal property taxed if it’s only in Texas for a short time?", "Do motor vehicles that are on sale at a wholesale auction count as taxable in Texas?", "How is the taxable location of a portable drilling rig determined?", "How are vessels and watercraft taxed when they operate in multiple states?", "What rules decide how much of a commercial airplane’s value is taxed in Texas?", "How is railroad rolling stock taxed in each county it runs through?", "What steps do I need to take to apply for a tax allocation for property used outside Texas?", "What happens if I miss the May 1 deadline for an allocation application?", "Do changes in school district boundaries affect where my personal property is taxed?", "How are special‑purpose vessels taxed compared to commercial vessels?", "Can I elect a different method to allocate value for a fleet of vessels?" ], "issue_tags": [ "taxable-situs", "property-tax-allocation", "real-property", "personal-property", "vessels", "aircraft", "rolling-stock", "allocation-penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Taxable Situs Chapter", "Chapter 21 Taxable Situs", "Texas Property Tax Situs Rules", "Taxable Location Rules", "Allocation of Taxable Value", "Property Tax Allocation Rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "22", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 22. RENDITIONS AND OTHER REPORTS", "url": "/statutes/TX/22.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/22.json", "summary": "Chapter 22 tells owners of tangible personal property that produces income how and when to report that property for tax purposes. It sets out what information must be included, the forms to use, deadlines, exemptions, and the penalties for late or false filings. The chapter also covers special reports for decreased values, bailors, railroads, and inspections, and explains how confidential information is protected.", "questions_answered": [ "What types of personal property do I have to report for taxes?", "When must I file my rendition statement or property report?", "What information must be included on a rendition statement?", "Can a secured party or a fiduciary file a rendition on my behalf?", "Do I need to report inventory or cotton stored in a warehouse?", "What should I do if I think the value of my property has decreased?", "What penalties apply if I miss the filing deadline or give false information?", "How can I request a waiver of a penalty for late filing?", "What forms do I need to use and how do I sign them?", "How does the law protect the confidentiality of my property information?", "What reporting requirements apply to railroads or other regulated utilities?", "Do I have to report property that is exempt from taxation?" ], "issue_tags": [ "property-reporting", "rendition-deadlines", "exemptions", "penalties", "confidential-info", "inspections", "forms" ], "synonyms": [ "tangible personal property rendition", "property inventory reporting", "taxpayer rendition statements", "appraisal district property reports", "property value decrease report", "secured party rendition filing" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "23", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 23. APPRAISAL METHODS AND PROCEDURES", "url": "/statutes/TX/23.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/23.json", "summary": "Chapter 23 sets out how Texas appraises taxable property at its market value, using cost, income, and market‑data comparison methods that must follow accepted professional standards. It details special rules for different property types—residential homesteads, business inventories, agricultural and timber lands, recreational, park, airport, and other restricted‑use lands—along with procedures for applications, declarations, confidentiality, penalties, and waivers.", "questions_answered": [ "How is the market value of my home determined for property taxes?", "What appraisal methods does the chief appraiser use for my business inventory (motor vehicles, vessels, heavy equipment, manufactured housing)?", "Can I protest or appeal an appraisal that I think is incorrect?", "What are the requirements and process for getting agricultural land appraised under this chapter?", "How is timber land valued and what capitalization rate is used?", "What penalties apply if I fail to file a required declaration or statement for my inventory?", "How are special‑use lands like parks, recreational areas, or public‑access airports appraised?", "Can I waive a special appraisal and what are the consequences?", "How are low‑income or affordable housing properties valued for tax purposes?", "What is the circuit‑breaker limitation for non‑homestead property and how does it work?" ], "issue_tags": [ "appraisal-methods", "market-value", "property-tax", "inventory-appraisal", "agricultural-land", "timber-land", "special-use", "confidential-declarations", "penalties", "waiver" ], "synonyms": [ "property appraisal", "tax valuation", "market assessment", "appraisal procedures", "valuation methods", "property assessment" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "24", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 24. CENTRAL APPRAISAL", "url": "/statutes/TX/24.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/24.json", "summary": "This chapter sets the rules for valuing railroad equipment (rolling stock) for property tax purposes. It tells which county appraises the equipment, what reports owners must file, how the value is split among counties and between states, and how owners can review or protest the appraisal.", "questions_answered": [ "How is my railroad's rolling stock valued for property tax?", "Which county is responsible for appraising my rolling stock if my railroad is based out of state?", "What information do I need to include in the rolling stock property report?", "When is the deadline to file the rolling stock information report?", "How is the value of rolling stock allocated to different counties within the state?", "How is the value of rolling stock allocated when the railroad operates in another state or country?", "What is the process for reviewing or protesting the appraised value of my rolling stock?", "What happens if my rolling stock was missed in the appraisal for a previous year?", "Who must certify the appraised value to the comptroller and what does that certification include?", "Can the county assessor change the apportioned value of my rolling stock after it is certified?" ], "issue_tags": [ "railroad-appraisal", "property-tax", "rolling-stock", "interstate-allocation", "appraisal-reporting", "tax-protest" ], "synonyms": [ "Central Appraisal of Railroad Rolling Stock", "Railroad equipment tax valuation", "Rolling stock appraisal rules", "Railroad property tax assessment" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "25", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 25. LOCAL APPRAISAL", "url": "/statutes/TX/25.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/25.json", "summary": "Chapter 25 lays out the procedures that Texas appraisal districts must follow to create, update, and share property appraisal records. It explains who must be listed, how values are determined, how special properties and exemptions are treated, and how owners can view, protest, or request changes to their appraisals. The chapter also sets confidentiality rules for certain addresses and limits what appraisal information can be posted online.", "questions_answered": [ "When will I receive a notice of my property's appraised value?", "How can I combine or split parcels on my appraisal record?", "What data does the appraiser use to determine my property's value, and can I inspect it?", "Which parts of my home address are kept confidential and why?", "Can the appraisal district hire a private firm to do the appraisal, and what restrictions apply?", "How often must the appraisal district reappraise my property?", "What are the rules for listing improvements, condos, timber, or mineral interests on my tax roll?", "How do I protest an appraisal value I think is too high?", "What notice will I get if an exemption on my property is reduced or canceled?", "Can the appraisal district post my property information on its website?" ], "issue_tags": [ "property-appraisal", "appraisal-records", "tax-notices", "confidentiality", "protest-procedure", "special-properties", "appraisal-contracts" ], "synonyms": [ "local appraisal rules", "appraisal district procedures", "property valuation statutes", "Texas appraisal code", "local property tax appraisal guidelines" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "26", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 26. ASSESSMENT", "url": "/statutes/TX/26.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/26.json", "summary": "Chapter 26 lays out the procedures for Texas appraisal districts to prepare and certify appraisal rolls, and for taxing units to calculate, adopt, and publish property tax rates. It requires public notice of tax‑rate proposals, hearings, and elections, and includes special rules for protests, disaster areas, additional sales taxes, and proration when ownership changes. The chapter also mandates the creation of online tax databases and the posting of tax‑rate information for public access.", "questions_answered": [ "How does my county’s chief appraiser determine the taxable value of my property?", "When and how will my local taxing unit publish the proposed property tax rate?", "What notice will I receive before a public hearing on a tax‑rate increase?", "Do I need to vote on a tax‑rate increase, and how is the election conducted?", "How are property taxes calculated if I bought or sold my home partway through the year?", "What happens to my tax bill if my property is under protest or a valuation dispute?", "How are additional sales and use taxes factored into the property tax rate?", "What special rules apply if my area is declared a disaster zone?", "How can I find my property’s tax information online?", "What are the requirements for a municipality that is considered a defunding municipality?", "How are pollution‑control facilities reflected in the tax rate calculation?", "What steps are taken if a taxing unit consolidates or annexes new territory during the tax year?" ], "issue_tags": [ "property-assessment", "tax-rate-calculation", "public-notice", "tax-election", "prorated-tax", "disaster-relief" ], "synonyms": [ "assessment chapter", "property tax assessment rules", "appraisal roll submission", "tax rate adoption process", "tax rate notice requirements", "tax rate election procedures", "property tax database mandate", "tax rate calculation for special districts" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "31", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 31. COLLECTIONS", "url": "/statutes/TX/31.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/31.json", "summary": "Chapter 31 lays out how Texas property tax bills must be prepared, mailed, and what information they must contain. It sets the dates when taxes become delinquent, describes split‑payment, installment, discount, and electronic delivery options, and outlines procedures for refunds, tax certificates, escrow accounts, and special payment arrangements like service in lieu of taxes.", "questions_answered": [ "When will I receive my property tax bill and what must it show?", "What is the delinquency date for my property taxes and how is it calculated?", "Can I pay my property taxes in installments or split payments, and how does that work?", "What early‑payment discounts are available and when do they apply?", "How do I get my tax bill delivered electronically instead of by mail?", "How can I set up an escrow account to pay my property taxes automatically?", "What should I do if I overpay my property taxes and want a refund?", "Do I need a tax certificate when I buy or sell property, and how is it obtained?", "Can I withhold taxes when purchasing a business or its inventory?", "Is it possible to perform service for a taxing unit instead of paying taxes, and what are the rules?" ], "issue_tags": [ "property-tax-billing", "payment-options", "discounts", "delinquency", "refunds", "electronic-delivery", "tax-certificate", "escrow" ], "synonyms": [ "Tax Collections Chapter", "Property Tax Billing Rules", "Ad Valorem Tax Collection Procedures", "Texas Property Tax Bill Requirements", "Tax Bill and Payment Regulations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "32", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 32. TAX LIENS AND PERSONAL LIABILITY", "url": "/statutes/TX/32.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/32.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how tax liens automatically attach to real and personal property each year to secure unpaid taxes, penalties, and interest. It sets out who is personally responsible for those taxes, how liens on manufactured homes, mineral interests, and other personal property work, and the priority of tax liens over other claims. The chapter also details how tax liens can be transferred, the rules for tax‑loan foreclosures, and the rights of owners to redeem property after a tax sale.", "questions_answered": [ "When does a tax lien attach to my property and what does it cover?", "Am I personally liable for property taxes if I sell the property before the taxes are paid?", "How do tax liens work on manufactured homes and can they be transferred to the land?", "What priority do tax liens have compared to other mortgages, liens, or easements?", "Can a tax lien be placed on a mineral interest and what happens if the interest ends?", "What are the rules for transferring a tax lien to someone who pays my taxes?", "How does a tax‑loan foreclosure work and what are my redemption rights?", "What fees and interest can a tax‑lien transferee charge me?", "Do tax liens attach to inventory or equipment owned by a business?", "How are tax liens removed or extinguished after they are paid?" ], "issue_tags": [ "tax-lien", "personal-liability", "manufactured-home", "lien-priority", "tax-foreclosure", "tax-loan", "mineral-interest" ], "synonyms": [ "tax lien rules", "property tax lien statutes", "Texas tax lien and liability chapter", "tax lien and personal liability provisions", "tax lien code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "33", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 33. DELINQUENCY", "url": "/statutes/TX/33.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/33.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how property taxes become delinquent, the penalties and interest that accrue, and the options taxpayers have to avoid or reduce those charges. It also sets out the procedures for notices, installment agreements, deferrals for seniors or disabled owners, and the steps taxing units can take to collect, seize, or sell property.", "questions_answered": [ "How is the penalty for a delinquent property tax calculated in Texas?", "When does interest start accruing on unpaid taxes and at what rate?", "Can I have penalties or interest waived if the tax collector or appraisal district caused my late payment?", "How do I set up an installment payment plan for overdue taxes?", "What notice will I receive if my property tax is delinquent?", "Are there special deferral or abatement options for seniors, disabled persons, or disabled veterans?", "How long can a taxing unit wait before it can seize or sell my personal property for unpaid taxes?", "What are the time limits for filing a suit to collect delinquent taxes on real or personal property?", "How does a tax sale work and what rights do I have before the sale?", "What additional penalties can be added to cover collection costs and when do they apply?" ], "issue_tags": [ "delinquent-tax", "penalties", "interest", "installment-agreements", "tax-deferral", "tax-sale", "seizure" ], "synonyms": [ "Delinquency provisions", "Tax delinquency rules", "Delinquent tax penalties", "Tax collection and penalties", "Tax deferral and abatement", "Tax lien enforcement procedures", "Property tax delinquency chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "34", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 34. TAX SALES AND REDEMPTION", "url": "/statutes/TX/34.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/34.json", "summary": "Chapter 34 sets out the rules for selling real property that’s been seized because of unpaid taxes. It covers how the sale is conducted, what notices must be given, how bids are handled (including online auctions), the buyer’s rights, and the original owner’s right to redeem the property. It also explains how the money from the sale and any excess proceeds are divided among taxing units and other claimants.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a tax sale of real property work in Texas?", "What notice must be given before a tax sale takes place?", "Can I bid on a tax sale online or do I have to attend in person?", "What happens if the winning bid doesn’t cover the total tax debt?", "Who receives the money from a tax sale and in what order?", "Can the property be divided and sold in parts to cover the tax debt?", "What is the right of redemption and how long do I have to redeem my property after a tax sale?", "What costs do I need to pay if I want to redeem my property?", "How are excess proceeds from a tax sale handled and who can claim them?", "What are the rules for reselling property that was bought by a taxing unit?", "Can a taxing unit sell a foreclosed property for less than its market value?" ], "issue_tags": [ "tax-sale", "redemption", "auction-notice", "proceeds-distribution", "online-auction", "excess-proceeds", "property-division" ], "synonyms": [ "tax foreclosure sale", "tax lien sale", "tax sale and redemption", "tax sale procedures", "tax sale process", "tax delinquency sale", "tax sale and resale" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "41", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 41. LOCAL REVIEW", "url": "/statutes/TX/41.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/41.json", "summary": "Chapter 41 sets up the Appraisal Review Board that handles property tax protests and challenges. It lets owners and taxing units contest appraised values, exemptions, and record errors, and outlines how hearings, notices, and corrections are carried out. The board also publishes procedures, maintains a public protest database, and can issue subpoenas or correct clerical mistakes.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I file a protest against my property’s appraised value?", "What deadlines must I meet to protest a tax appraisal or exemption?", "Can a taxing unit challenge a property’s exemption or appraisal?", "How are clerical errors in the appraisal roll corrected?", "What notice must I receive before my property’s tax record is changed?", "How can I request a hearing by telephone or video conference?", "What happens if I miss the protest filing deadline but have good cause?", "How does the appraisal review board handle protests for leased or mineral interests?", "Where can I find the public database of past protest hearings?", "Can the board issue a subpoena for documents or witnesses in my protest?" ], "issue_tags": [ "appraisal-review", "property-tax-protest", "exemption-challenge", "record-correction", "hearing-procedures", "notice-requirements", "public-database" ], "synonyms": [ "Local appraisal review", "Appraisal Review Board process", "Property tax protest procedure", "Appraisal record correction rules", "Local tax review chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "41A", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 41A. APPEAL THROUGH BINDING ARBITRATION", "url": "/statutes/TX/41A.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/41A.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas property owners (and qualifying tenants) challenge a property tax appraisal board's decision by filing a binding arbitration instead of a traditional court appeal. It sets out who can use arbitration, the filing deadlines, required deposits, how arbitrators are chosen and paid, and what the final award can include. The award is final, but owners still must pay undisputed taxes while the case is pending.", "questions_answered": [ "Can I appeal my property tax appraisal through binding arbitration instead of going to court?", "What kinds of property are eligible for arbitration under this chapter?", "How much do I need to pay as a deposit to start the arbitration process?", "What are the deadlines for filing a request for arbitration after receiving the board’s order?", "Do I need a lawyer or can I represent myself in the arbitration hearing?", "What happens if the appraisal board didn’t follow the required hearing procedures?", "Can I appeal the arbitration award if I disagree with the decision?", "Do I still have to pay property taxes while my arbitration appeal is pending?", "Can a tenant who reimburses the owner for taxes also use this arbitration option?", "How is an arbitrator selected and what qualifications must they have?" ], "issue_tags": [ "property-tax", "binding-arbitration", "appraisal-appeal", "procedural-compliance", "arbitration-deposit", "arbitrator-qualification", "tax-payment" ], "synonyms": [ "binding arbitration appeal", "tax appraisal arbitration", "limited binding arbitration", "arbitration of appraisal review board orders", "property tax arbitration process" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "42", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 42. JUDICIAL REVIEW", "url": "/statutes/TX/42.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/42.json", "summary": "Chapter 42 sets out who can challenge a property tax appraisal and how they can do it in court. It explains the steps for filing a petition, the rules for notice, venue, and costs, and provides options like arbitration, mediation, and appeals for excessive or unequal appraisals. The chapter also covers how refunds and corrected tax bills are handled after a successful appeal.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I appeal a property tax appraisal that I think is too high?", "Can a lessee who pays the taxes appeal the appraisal board’s decision?", "What are the deadlines for filing a notice of appeal after receiving a tax order?", "Can I get a refund if my property tax bill is reduced after an appeal?", "What remedies are available if my property is appraised unequally compared to similar properties?", "When can the court order arbitration or mediation in a property tax appeal?", "What attorney‑fee awards can I receive if I win a tax appraisal appeal?", "Can the chief appraiser appeal a protest, and under what circumstances?", "What happens to my tax bill if the appeal is decided after I’ve already paid the taxes?", "How is venue determined for a tax appraisal appeal?", "Can a county or taxing unit join an appeal as a party?", "What are the costs and fees the court can assign to parties in a tax appeal?" ], "issue_tags": [ "property-tax-appeal", "appraisal-review", "judicial-review", "tax-refund", "arbitration", "mediation", "attorney-fees" ], "synonyms": [ "Judicial Review of Property Tax Appraisals", "Texas Property Tax Appeal Process", "Appraisal Review Board Appeals", "Property Tax Litigation", "Tax Assessment Appeal" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "43", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 43. SUIT AGAINST APPRAISAL OFFICE", "url": "/statutes/TX/43.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/43.json", "summary": "This chapter lets a taxing authority file a lawsuit against the appraisal district or its officials to force them to follow the property tax laws and meet required deadlines. The case must be filed in the county where the appraisal district is located, and a court can issue orders to compel compliance. If the appraisal office ignores a court order, it can be held in contempt.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a county tax authority sue the appraisal district for not following tax laws?", "What can I do if the appraisal office misses a statutory deadline?", "Where should a lawsuit against the appraisal district be filed?", "What orders can a court issue to make the appraisal office comply?", "What happens if the appraisal office ignores a court order?", "Can I sue the chief appraiser or appraisal review board for deadline violations?", "How soon must the appraisal office act after a court judgment?", "What penalties apply if the appraisal office fails to obey a court order?", "Who decides the proper venue for a suit against the appraisal office?", "Can a taxing unit force the appraisal board to speed up its work?" ], "issue_tags": [ "appraisal-office-suit", "taxing-unit-remedies", "compliance-enforcement", "court-orders", "deadline-violations", "contempt-punishment" ], "synonyms": [ "lawsuit against appraisal district", "action to compel appraisal compliance", "suit to enforce appraisal deadlines", "taxing unit vs appraisal office", "appraisal office enforcement statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "101", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 101. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/TX/101.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/101.json", "summary": "Chapter 101 explains why the Texas tax code exists and how it is organized for easier use. It defines key terms like taxpayer, comptroller, and tax, and sets basic rules such as how tax revenues are deposited and that local governments cannot impose occupation taxes unless the state allows it. The chapter also outlines how the statutes should be interpreted and notes that grammatical errors do not change the law’s meaning.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the purpose of the Texas tax code?", "How are the tax statutes organized and numbered?", "What does the term 'taxpayer' mean under Texas law?", "Who is the comptroller and what role do they play?", "Can a city or county levy its own occupation tax?", "Where do tax revenues go after they are collected?", "What rules govern how these tax statutes are interpreted?", "Do grammatical or punctuation errors affect the meaning of tax laws?", "What fiscal year does the tax code follow?", "Do penal code provisions apply to tax offenses?", "What definitions are provided for key tax terms?", "How are references to state officers handled in the tax code?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-tax-code", "general-provisions", "definitions", "revenue-allocation", "local-tax-authority", "statutory-construction", "tax-terminology" ], "synonyms": [ "Chapter 101 General Provisions", "Texas Tax Code Introductory Section", "General Tax Statutes", "Tax Code Purpose and Definitions", "Tax Code Foundations" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "111", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 111. COLLECTION PROCEDURES", "url": "/statutes/TX/111.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/111.json", "summary": "Chapter 111 gives the Texas Comptroller the authority to collect state taxes, set and enforce rules, conduct audits, examine records, issue subpoenas, and seize property for unpaid taxes. It also outlines procedures for refunds, settlements, penalties, confidentiality, and the use of technology and contracts to improve tax collection. The chapter sets limits on assessment periods, appeals, and how tax claims can be assigned or reassigned.", "questions_answered": [ "How does the Texas Comptroller collect state taxes and enforce payment?", "What penalties apply if I fail to follow a comptroller rule or subpoena?", "Can the Comptroller seize and sell my property if I owe taxes?", "How do I request a refund or credit for taxes I overpaid?", "What are the rules for the Comptroller to examine my books and records?", "When must I use electronic funds transfers or certified instruments for tax payments?", "What confidentiality protections exist for my tax information?", "How does the Comptroller handle out‑of‑state tax audits and contracts with vendors?", "Can a third party be assigned my tax claim, and how does that work?", "What are the time limits for the state to assess or collect a tax?" ], "issue_tags": [ "tax-collection", "comptroller-powers", "audits", "penalties", "refunds", "confidentiality", "electronic-filing", "property-seizure" ], "synonyms": [ "Tax Collection Procedures", "Comptroller Enforcement Rules", "Chapter 111 Tax Code", "Texas Tax Collection Regulations", "Comptroller Collection Duties", "State Tax Enforcement Chapter" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "112", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 112. TAXPAYERS' SUITS", "url": "/statutes/TX/112.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/112.json", "summary": "Chapter 112 tells Texas taxpayers how to sue the state over taxes they think are illegal. It requires paying the disputed tax under protest, filing a written protest, and then filing a lawsuit within a set time. The chapter sets who can be sued, how cases are tried, how refunds and interest are handled, and allows class actions and limited counterclaims.", "questions_answered": [ "How can I sue Texas if I believe a tax or fee is unlawful?", "Do I have to pay a tax before I can challenge it in court?", "What is a protest payment and how do I submit a protest?", "How long do I have to file a lawsuit after making a protest payment?", "Can I join other taxpayers in a single lawsuit instead of filing separate suits?", "Who represents the state (comptroller, attorney general) in these tax lawsuits?", "Can the state file a counterclaim against me in my tax suit?", "If the court finds the tax was wrongly collected, how do I get a refund and interest?", "Are attorney’s fees available to me in a tax lawsuit?", "What records do I need to provide to support my claim?", "Can I appeal a judgment and still have to keep paying taxes under protest?", "What happens to the money I paid under protest if my suit is dismissed?" ], "issue_tags": [ "tax-suit", "protest-payment", "refund", "class-action", "jurisdiction", "counterclaim", "attorney-general" ], "synonyms": [ "taxpayer suits", "tax protest litigation", "Texas tax refund lawsuits", "tax dispute procedures", "taxpayer lawsuit rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "113", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 113. TAX LIENS", "url": "/statutes/TX/113.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/113.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how the state places a tax lien on a person's property when taxes are unpaid, how the comptroller issues and records the lien notice, and the steps for releasing or transferring the lien. It also sets out the rules for how long the lien lasts, who is protected from it, and how disputes about the lien are handled.", "questions_answered": [ "What does a state tax lien do to my house, car, or other property if I owe taxes?", "What information must be included in a tax lien notice?", "How does the county clerk record and index a tax lien notice?", "How can I have a tax lien released on specific property I own?", "Can a buyer or lender avoid being affected by a tax lien when they purchase or finance the property?", "Do banks have to hold my deposit if the state has a tax lien against me?", "What is a preferential transfer and how does it affect a tax lien?", "How long does a tax lien stay in effect and when does it expire?", "What steps do I need to take to challenge the validity of a tax lien?", "Are there fees for filing or releasing a tax lien, and who pays them?", "Can a tax lien judgment be assigned to another party?", "Does a tax lien apply to merchandise I buy for resale before it is seized?" ], "issue_tags": [ "tax-liens", "property-claims", "lien-notice", "lien-release", "lien-enforcement", "preferential-transfers", "lien-validity" ], "synonyms": [ "state tax lien procedures", "tax lien filing and release", "tax lien notice requirements", "tax lien enforcement rules", "state tax claim on property" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "141", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 141. MULTISTATE TAX COMPACT", "url": "/statutes/TX/141.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/141.json", "summary": "This chapter adopts the Multistate Tax Compact, which sets uniform rules for figuring out how income, sales, use, and other taxes are divided among states for businesses that operate in more than one state. It creates a Multistate Tax Commission to develop regulations, handle audits, and resolve disputes through arbitration. The chapter also lets small‑sales taxpayers use a simplified filing method and requires Texas to report on its participation each year.", "questions_answered": [ "How is my multistate business income apportioned to each state?", "Can I file a short‑form tax return if my sales in a state are under $100,000?", "What is the Multistate Tax Commission and what does it do?", "How are sales and use tax credits applied when I pay tax in another state?", "How are rents, royalties, and capital gains allocated among states?", "What happens if I disagree with a state’s apportionment of my taxes?", "How are interstate audits conducted under this compact?", "Can I request arbitration to settle a tax dispute with another state?", "What reports does Texas have to file about its participation in the compact?", "What taxes are covered by the Multistate Tax Compact?" ], "issue_tags": [ "multistate-tax", "income-allocation", "tax-compact", "interstate-audit", "tax-arbitration", "tax-commission" ], "synonyms": [ "Multistate Tax Compact", "multistate tax agreement", "interstate tax allocation", "multistate tax apportionment", "tax compact", "multistate tax commission" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "142", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 142. SIMPLIFIED SALES AND USE TAX ADMINISTRATION ACT", "url": "/statutes/TX/142.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/142.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas join the Streamlined Sales and Use Tax Agreement, which creates a uniform system for collecting sales and use taxes across participating states. It defines different seller models that use certified service providers or certified software to calculate, collect, and remit taxes, and sets rules to cut down the paperwork and costs for businesses. The law also outlines how the state can negotiate, adopt rules, and protect taxpayer privacy while limiting the impact on local tax rates.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the Streamlined Sales and Use Tax Agreement and why does Texas participate?", "How can my business simplify sales tax filing when I sell in multiple states?", "What are Model 1, Model 2, and Model 3 sellers and which one fits my company?", "Do I need to register separately with each state to collect sales tax?", "What liability do I have if I use a certified service provider to handle my sales tax?", "Can I use software to automatically calculate the correct tax for every state I sell in?", "What happens if the certified automated system makes a tax calculation error?", "How does the agreement limit the number of different tax rates I have to track?", "Will using the streamlined system affect my risk of audit by the state?", "What privacy protections are required for the tax information I submit?", "Who represents Texas in the multistate tax negotiations?", "Are there rules that protect me from having to file separate returns with local jurisdictions?" ], "issue_tags": [ "streamlined-sales-tax", "multistate-tax-compliance", "certified-service-provider", "tax-automation", "seller-liability", "tax-agreement" ], "synonyms": [ "Simplified Sales and Use Tax Act", "Streamlined Sales Tax Agreement", "SSTUA", "Simplified tax administration", "Multistate sales tax simplification" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "151", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 151. LIMITED SALES, EXCISE, AND USE TAX", "url": "/statutes/TX/151.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/151.json", "summary": "Chapter 151 sets up Texas's limited sales, excise, and use tax system. It defines which goods and services are taxable, outlines exemptions, and requires sellers to obtain permits, collect tax, keep records, and file reports. The chapter also details penalties for non‑compliance and special rules for online marketplaces, exporters, and certain industries.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I need to collect sales tax on a software license or computer program?", "When must I obtain a sales tax permit and how do I apply for one?", "What types of items and services are exempt from Texas sales and use tax?", "How can I use a resale or exemption certificate to avoid paying tax on purchases for resale?", "What is the use tax and when do I have to pay it on items bought out of state?", "What are the penalties if I fail to file a tax report or pay the tax on time?", "How does the tax apply to sales made through an online marketplace or website?", "Are there special tax rules for amusement services, cable TV, or data processing services?", "What documentation is required for exporting items to claim a tax exemption?", "How do I report and remit tax if I am a remote seller with no physical presence in Texas?" ], "issue_tags": [ "sales-tax", "use-tax", "tax-exemptions", "tax-permits", "tax-reporting", "online-marketplaces", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Limited Sales, Excise, and Use Tax Act", "Texas sales tax code", "TX sales and use tax", "Chapter 151 tax law", "Limited sales tax", "Excise tax", "Use tax" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "152", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 152. TAXES ON SALE, RENTAL, AND USE OF MOTOR VEHICLES", "url": "/statutes/TX/152.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/152.json", "summary": "Chapter 152 sets a 6.25% tax on the sale or use of motor vehicles in Texas, plus special rates for rentals, leases, heavy diesel trucks, and dealer plates. It defines key terms, outlines how the tax is calculated, lists many exemptions (e.g., for disabled drivers, farms, nonprofits, religious use), and describes collection duties, record‑keeping, and penalties for non‑compliance.", "questions_answered": [ "How much tax do I owe when I buy a new or used car in Texas?", "What tax rate applies if I rent a vehicle for less than or more than 30 days?", "Do I have to pay tax on a vehicle I lease for more than 180 days?", "Are there any exemptions for vehicles used by disabled persons, farms, or nonprofits?", "What is the surcharge for heavy diesel trucks over 14,000 pounds?", "Do I need to pay tax if I bring a car from another state into Texas?", "How is tax calculated on an even exchange of two vehicles?", "What are the penalties if I fail to collect or remit vehicle taxes?", "Do dealer license plates require a separate tax?", "How do I report and pay tax on gross rental receipts from a rental business?", "Are fire trucks, emergency medical vehicles, or religious vehicles exempt from this tax?", "What records must a car dealer keep for tax purposes?" ], "issue_tags": [ "vehicle-tax", "sales-tax", "rental-tax", "exemptions", "penalties", "registration", "dealer-plates" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas motor vehicle tax", "vehicle sales and use tax", "motor vehicle tax code", "Texas vehicle tax chapter", "vehicle tax statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "154", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 154. CIGARETTE TAX", "url": "/statutes/TX/154.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/154.json", "summary": "Chapter 154 sets up Texas's cigarette tax system. It defines who must get permits to sell, distribute, import, or store cigarettes, requires tax stamps on every pack, and outlines the tax rates. The chapter also details record‑keeping, reporting, and enforcement procedures, including penalties for violations and the management of a trust fund for tax payments.", "questions_answered": [ "How much does Texas charge for cigarettes per thousand packs?", "Do I need a permit to sell or distribute cigarettes in Texas?", "What is a cigarette tax stamp and how do I obtain one?", "Can I import a small number of cigarettes for personal use without paying the tax?", "What records must a distributor or retailer keep for cigarette sales?", "What penalties apply if I sell cigarettes without a tax stamp?", "How does the state enforce the cigarette tax and seize unstamped cigarettes?", "What is the cigarette tax recovery trust fund and how does it work?", "Can I sell cigarettes to other states and what stamps are required?", "What counts as a counterfeit stamp and what are the consequences?" ], "issue_tags": [ "cigarette-tax", "tax-stamps", "permits", "record-keeping", "penalties", "enforcement", "trust-fund" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas cigarette tax", "cigarette excise tax", "tobacco tax", "cigarette stamp program", "Texas tobacco excise", "cigarette tax code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "155", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 155. CIGARS AND TOBACCO PRODUCTS TAX", "url": "/statutes/TX/155.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/155.json", "summary": "Chapter 155 sets up a state excise tax on cigars and all other tobacco products, defines who must pay it, and when it becomes due. It requires businesses that sell, distribute, import, or store tobacco to obtain permits, keep detailed records, and file regular reports. The chapter also outlines tax rates, penalties for late or unpaid taxes, and enforcement powers such as inspections, seizures, and forfeiture.", "questions_answered": [ "How is the tax on cigars calculated in Texas?", "What tax rate applies to other tobacco products like chewing tobacco or snuff?", "Who needs a permit to sell or distribute tobacco products in Texas?", "What records must a tobacco distributor keep and how long must they be kept?", "When and how must a distributor file a monthly tax report?", "What penalties apply if I fail to pay the tobacco tax on time?", "Can I store tobacco products in a residential location or a public storage unit?", "What are the consequences for selling tobacco without a valid permit?", "How does the state handle seized tobacco products and forfeiture?", "Are there any exemptions for raw tobacco used in manufacturing?" ], "issue_tags": [ "tobacco-tax", "cigar-tax", "excise-tax", "permit-requirements", "record-keeping", "penalties", "enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas cigar and tobacco excise tax", "Tobacco product tax", "Cigar tax law", "Texas tobacco tax code", "Chapter 155" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "156", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 156. HOTEL OCCUPANCY TAX", "url": "/statutes/TX/156.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/156.json", "summary": "Texas charges a 6% hotel occupancy tax on any room or space that costs $15 or more per day, and this includes short‑term rentals like Airbnb. Certain stays, such as those lasting 30 days or more, and organizations like charities, schools, or government entities may be exempt. Hotel owners must collect, report, and remit the tax, and they can face penalties or criminal charges for non‑compliance. Collected revenue goes to the state treasury, with portions earmarked for tourism marketing and coastal beach projects.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to pay a hotel tax on an Airbnb or other short‑term rental in Texas?", "What is the current rate for the Texas hotel occupancy tax?", "Are stays of 30 days or longer exempt from the hotel tax?", "Do nonprofit, religious, or educational organizations need to collect the hotel tax?", "How does a hotel or rental owner report and remit the hotel occupancy tax?", "What penalties apply if I fail to file the hotel tax report or pay the tax on time?", "Can a state or federal agency get a refund of hotel taxes they paid?", "What portion of the hotel tax revenue is used for tourism promotion or coastal beach maintenance?", "Do I need to include room service or other hotel services in the taxable amount?", "What records does the comptroller need to see for hotel tax compliance?" ], "issue_tags": [ "hotel-occupancy-tax", "short-term-rentals", "tax-exemptions", "tax-collection", "reporting-requirements", "penalties", "revenue-allocation" ], "synonyms": [ "hotel occupancy tax", "Texas hotel tax", "lodging tax", "short‑term rental tax", "hotel room tax", "Texas hotel occupancy levy" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "158", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 158. MANUFACTURED HOUSING SALES AND USE TAX", "url": "/statutes/TX/158.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/158.json", "summary": "This chapter sets a 5% tax on the first sale of new manufactured homes in Texas, calculated on 65% of the sales price. It requires manufacturers to collect the tax, keep detailed records, file monthly reports, and obtain a permit. The law also includes a use tax, provides exemptions for government and charitable entities, and outlines penalties for non‑compliance.", "questions_answered": [ "How is the tax on a new manufactured home calculated in Texas?", "Who is responsible for collecting the manufactured home sales tax?", "Do manufacturers need a permit to sell or ship manufactured homes in Texas?", "What records must a manufacturer keep for each manufactured home sale?", "When and how must monthly tax reports be filed for manufactured homes?", "Is there a use tax on a manufactured home I own or occupy?", "Are there any exemptions from the tax for government agencies or nonprofits?", "Can I get a credit or refund if I sell a manufactured home to an out‑of‑state buyer?", "What penalties apply if I fail to pay the tax or miss a filing deadline?", "Are manufactured homes taxed like motor vehicles or regular real estate?" ], "issue_tags": [ "manufactured-housing-tax", "sales-tax", "use-tax", "tax-exemptions", "tax-compliance", "permits", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Manufactured Housing Sales and Use Tax Act", "Texas manufactured home tax", "mobile home sales tax", "prefabricated home tax", "factory-built home tax" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "160", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 160. TAXES ON SALES AND USE OF BOATS AND BOAT MOTORS", "url": "/statutes/TX/160.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/160.json", "summary": "This chapter sets a 6.25% tax on the sale or use of boats (up to 115 feet) and outboard motors in Texas, outlines who must pay, when the tax is due, and how it is collected. It also lists exemptions, limits the tax amount, requires record‑keeping by sellers, and defines penalties for non‑payment or false statements.", "questions_answered": [ "How much tax do I owe when I buy a boat or outboard motor in Texas?", "Do I have to pay tax on a boat I bought out of state and bring into Texas?", "What is the tax rate for a new resident who brings a boat or motor into Texas?", "Are there any exemptions from the boat tax for government agencies or emergency services?", "What is the maximum amount of tax I could be charged on a boat purchase?", "When is the boat tax due after I receive the boat or motor?", "What records must a boat dealer keep for tax purposes?", "What penalties apply if I fail to pay the boat tax on time?", "Can I get a temporary use permit for a boat I’m only using in Texas for a short period?", "Can I receive a credit if I already paid a similar tax on the boat in another state?" ], "issue_tags": [ "boat-tax", "sales-tax", "use-tax", "exemptions", "penalties", "record-keeping", "temporary-permit" ], "synonyms": [ "boat sales tax", "boat motor tax", "Texas boat tax", "tax on boats and outboard motors", "boat and motor use tax", "boat tax code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "162", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 162. MOTOR FUEL TAXES", "url": "/statutes/TX/162.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/162.json", "summary": "Chapter 162 establishes Texas’s motor fuel tax system. It defines who must be licensed to sell, import, export, blend, or transport gasoline, diesel, compressed natural gas, and liquefied natural gas, sets the tax rates and exemptions, requires regular reporting and record‑keeping, and outlines refunds, credits, and penalties for non‑compliance.", "questions_answered": [ "How do I obtain a license to sell or distribute gasoline or diesel in Texas?", "What are the current tax rates for gasoline and diesel fuel?", "When must I file motor fuel tax returns and make payments?", "Are there exemptions from the motor fuel tax for schools, government agencies, or nonprofit organizations?", "How can I claim a refund or credit for motor fuel taxes I have paid?", "What records do I need to keep as a fuel supplier, distributor, importer, exporter, or blender?", "What penalties apply if I fail to pay motor fuel taxes or file required reports?", "How do I report a tax‑free sale of gasoline or diesel that I later resell?", "What is a diversion number and when is it required for fuel shipments?", "How are taxes on compressed natural gas and liquefied natural gas administered?", "What is the dyed diesel fuel exemption and how does it work?", "Can I use a trip permit instead of an interstate trucker license for fuel transport?" ], "issue_tags": [ "motor-fuel-tax", "licensing", "exemptions", "reporting", "refunds", "penalties", "record-keeping", "cng-lng" ], "synonyms": [ "motor fuel tax", "gasoline and diesel tax", "fuel tax regulations", "Texas fuel tax law", "motor fuel taxation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "163", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 163. SALES AND USE TAXATION OF AIRCRAFT", "url": "/statutes/TX/163.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/163.json", "summary": "Chapter 163 tells Texas how sales and use tax applies to aircraft. It explains who counts as a certificated carrier, when a sale counts as a resale, how repairs, out‑of‑state use, related‑party deals, and fractional‑ownership programs affect tax, and makes clear the chapter itself does not create a new tax. If there’s a conflict with other tax rules, this chapter wins.", "questions_answered": [ "Do airlines or other certificated carriers have to pay sales tax when they acquire an aircraft in Texas?", "When is a sale of an aircraft treated as a resale for tax purposes?", "If I lease or rent an aircraft, does that count as a resale under Texas tax law?", "Do I owe use tax if I bring an aircraft into Texas only for repair, remodeling, or restoration?", "What happens to tax if I bring an aircraft into Texas but fly it mostly outside the state for a year?", "Are sales or use taxes applied when a related person or affiliate buys, leases, or rents an aircraft?", "Are aircraft that are part of a fractional‑ownership program subject to Texas sales or use tax?", "Does this chapter create any new tax on aircraft, or does it just modify existing rules?", "Which law controls if Chapter 163 conflicts with other Texas tax statutes?", "What definition of “operational control” matters for determining tax on leased aircraft?" ], "issue_tags": [ "aircraft-tax", "sales-tax", "use-tax", "fractional-ownership", "related-party-transactions", "out-of-state-use", "resale-definition" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas aircraft sales tax rules", "aircraft use tax guidelines", "Texas aviation tax chapter", "sales and use tax for aircraft", "aircraft tax exemptions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "171", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 171. FRANCHISE TAX", "url": "/statutes/TX/171.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/171.json", "summary": "Chapter 171 sets up Texas's franchise tax, a yearly charge on most businesses that operate or are organized in the state. It defines which entities must pay, how to calculate taxable margin, the tax rates, and the filing deadlines. The chapter also lists many exemptions, provides rules for combined reporting, and outlines penalties and credits that can reduce the tax owed.", "questions_answered": [ "Who is required to pay the Texas franchise tax?", "How is the franchise tax amount calculated?", "What is taxable margin and how do I compute it?", "What are the current franchise tax rates for different businesses?", "Are there any exemptions or credits that can lower or eliminate my tax liability?", "How do I file the initial and annual franchise tax reports?", "What is combined reporting and when does it apply?", "When are franchise tax payments due and what are the penalties for late filing or payment?", "How can a new veteran‑owned business qualify for a tax break?", "What special rules apply to specific industries like banks, insurance companies, or nonprofit organizations?" ], "issue_tags": [ "franchise-tax", "taxable-entity", "exemptions", "tax-rate", "taxable-margin", "combined-reporting", "filing-deadlines", "penalties", "tax-credits" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas franchise tax", "Texas margin tax", "Texas business tax", "state franchise tax", "franchise tax code", "margin tax" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "172", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 172. TAX CREDIT FOR CERTIFIED REHABILITATION OF CERTIFIED HISTORIC STRUCTURES", "url": "/statutes/TX/172.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/172.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a tax credit for owners who spend money to restore historic buildings that are officially certified. To claim the credit, the owner must get a certification from the Texas Historical Commission, document the qualified costs, and file the credit with their tax report. The credit can be up to 25% of the eligible expenses, may be carried forward for up to five years, and can be sold or assigned to another party.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the tax credit for rehabilitating historic structures?", "Which historic buildings qualify for the credit?", "What kinds of costs can be counted toward the credit?", "How much credit can I receive for a rehabilitation project?", "Is there a minimum amount of spending required to claim the credit?", "How do I get the certification needed to claim the credit?", "What paperwork do I need to submit with my tax return?", "Can I carry forward any unused credit to future years?", "Am I allowed to sell or transfer the credit to another entity?", "Do nonprofit or university projects qualify for the credit?", "Are there limits on how many entities can claim the credit for the same project?", "Can the credit be applied against insurance taxes instead of franchise tax?" ], "issue_tags": [ "historic-rehab-tax-credit", "certified-historic-structures", "eligible-costs", "credit-carryforward", "credit-assignment", "franchise-tax" ], "synonyms": [ "historic preservation tax credit", "Texas historic rehabilitation credit", "certified historic structure credit", "franchise tax credit for historic rehab", "historic building tax incentive" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "181", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 181. CEMENT PRODUCTION TAX", "url": "/statutes/TX/181.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/181.json", "summary": "Chapter 181 places a tax on anyone who makes, imports, sells, or first uses cement inside Texas. The tax is calculated by weight, due each month, and requires a monthly report and record‑keeping. Late payments or missing reports trigger interest, penalties, and possible criminal fines, and the revenue is split between education and general funds. Cities cannot add a similar local cement tax.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to pay a tax if I manufacture cement in Texas?", "How is the cement tax calculated based on weight?", "When is the cement tax payment due each month?", "What information must I include in the monthly cement tax report?", "What records do I need to keep for the cement tax?", "Are there penalties if I file the report late or don’t pay the tax on time?", "Does the tax apply to cement that I ship out of Texas?", "Can a city or municipality charge its own cement tax in addition to the state tax?", "What interest is charged on overdue cement taxes?", "What criminal penalties could I face for violating the cement tax rules?", "How is the revenue from the cement tax allocated?", "What happens if I become delinquent on the cement tax?" ], "issue_tags": [ "cement-tax", "state-occupation-tax", "tax-reporting", "tax-penalties", "revenue-allocation", "municipal-restriction" ], "synonyms": [ "Cement Production Tax", "Texas cement tax", "Cement occupation tax", "Cement manufacturing tax", "State cement tax" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "182", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 182. MISCELLANEOUS GROSS RECEIPTS TAXES", "url": "/statutes/TX/182.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/182.json", "summary": "This chapter imposes a tax on utility companies that sell gas, water, or electricity to customers in Texas cities with more than 1,000 residents. The tax rate changes based on the city’s population, but sales from advanced clean‑energy projects or to public school districts are exempt. Utilities must obtain a business permit, file quarterly reports, and pay the tax on schedule, or they face penalties and possible suspension of the permit. Collected revenues are split between the school fund and the general fund.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to pay a tax on electricity sold to a public school district?", "What tax rate applies to my utility’s sales in a city of 3,000 people?", "Are sales from a clean‑energy project exempt from this tax?", "Do I need a permit to operate a water utility in Texas?", "How often must I file gross receipts reports for my utility?", "What penalties apply if I miss a tax payment or filing deadline?", "Can a city charge my utility for using its streets or alleys?", "Are utility companies owned by a city or county subject to this tax?", "What is the minimum penalty for failing to file a report?", "Where does the money collected from this tax go?" ], "issue_tags": [ "utility-tax", "gross-receipts", "texas-tax", "clean-energy-exemption", "reporting-requirements", "permit-penalties", "revenue-allocation" ], "synonyms": [ "miscellaneous gross receipts tax for utilities", "utility gross receipts tax", "Texas utility tax", "gross receipts tax on gas and electric companies", "utility occupation tax" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "183", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 183. MIXED BEVERAGE TAXES", "url": "/statutes/TX/183.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/183.json", "summary": "Chapter 183 imposes a tax on the sale, preparation, or service of mixed alcoholic drinks and related items like ice and mixers. Permit holders must file a monthly tax return, pay the tax, and disclose the tax amount on customer receipts without charging the customer directly. The chapter also sets penalties for late filing or payment, requires security bonds, and directs a portion of the revenue to specific state funds.", "questions_answered": [ "What tax rate do bars and restaurants pay on mixed drinks in Texas?", "How often must a mixed beverage permit holder file a tax return?", "When is the monthly deadline to pay the mixed beverage tax?", "Can a bar show the mixed beverage tax separately on a receipt?", "What penalties apply if a bar fails to file or pay the mixed beverage tax on time?", "Do mixed beverage permit holders need to post a security bond or other guarantee?", "How is the revenue from the mixed beverage tax distributed to state programs?", "Can a bar claim a credit or refund for sales that become bad debts?", "What records must a permit holder keep for mixed beverage tax purposes?", "Are there any exemptions or special rules for private clubs or nonprofit events?" ], "issue_tags": [ "mixed-beverage-tax", "tax-filing", "penalties", "revenue-allocation", "security-bond", "tax-disclosure" ], "synonyms": [ "mixed beverage tax", "cocktail tax", "mixed drink tax", "Texas mixed beverage tax", "mixed alcohol tax" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "191", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 191. MISCELLANEOUS OCCUPATION TAXES", "url": "/statutes/TX/191.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/191.json", "summary": "This chapter creates a tax on companies that perform oil‑well services such as cementing, fracturing, acidizing, or testing for another party. The tax is 2.42% of the amount earned after subtracting the value of materials used at the well, and businesses must file monthly reports, keep records for four years, and display a tax receipt as a permit. Failure to file or pay on time triggers penalties, and the tax revenue is divided between the school fund and the general fund.", "questions_answered": [ "Do I have to pay a tax if I provide cementing or fracturing services for an oil or gas well?", "What percentage of my earnings is taxed for oil‑well services?", "How often must I report my oil‑well service income and pay the tax?", "What records do I need to keep for the oil‑well service tax and for how long?", "Do I need a special permit to operate an oil‑well service business in Texas?", "What are the penalties if I miss a tax payment or fail to file the required report?", "How is the tax revenue from oil‑well services allocated by the state?", "Are drilling companies exempt from this tax, and why?", "Can I deduct the cost of materials used at the well when calculating the tax owed?", "What happens if I don’t display the tax receipt while conducting oil‑well services?" ], "issue_tags": [ "oil-well-service-tax", "occupation-tax", "tax-rate", "reporting-requirements", "permit-requirements", "penalties", "revenue-allocation" ], "synonyms": [ "oil well service occupation tax", "oilfield service tax", "miscellaneous occupation tax for oil services", "oil well service tax" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "201", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 201. GAS PRODUCTION TAX", "url": "/statutes/TX/201.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/201.json", "summary": "This chapter sets a tax on the value of natural gas and related liquids produced in Texas. It defines who must pay, how the tax is calculated, when reports and payments are due, and lists several exemptions and credits. The law also requires producers and purchasers to keep detailed records and outlines penalties for non‑compliance.", "questions_answered": [ "How is the Texas gas production tax calculated on the gas I produce?", "What types of gas or gas‑related products are exempt from the tax?", "Who is responsible for paying the gas production tax – the producer or the purchaser?", "When do I need to file my gas production tax report and payment to the state?", "How can I claim a tax credit for a low‑producing gas well?", "What is the tax rate for liquid hydrocarbons and condensate recovered from gas?", "What marketing costs can I deduct when determining the taxable value of my gas?", "What penalties apply if I file my tax report late or fail to pay the tax on time?", "How do I apply for a tax reduction if my well produces high‑cost gas?", "What records must I keep as a gas producer or purchaser under this chapter?", "Can I get a refund if I overpaid the gas production tax?", "Is gas produced alongside geothermal energy subject to this tax?" ], "issue_tags": [ "gas-production-tax", "texas-tax", "oil-and-gas", "tax-exemptions", "reporting-requirements", "tax-credits", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas gas production tax", "state gas severance tax", "gas severance tax", "Texas natural gas tax", "gas production levy" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "202", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 202. OIL PRODUCTION TAX", "url": "/statutes/TX/202.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/202.json", "summary": "Chapter 202 imposes a tax on oil produced in Texas, sets the standard rate and lower rates for enhanced recovery projects, and outlines various exemptions and credits. It requires producers, first purchasers, and carriers to keep detailed records, file monthly reports, and pay the tax by the 25th of each month, with penalties for late or incomplete filings.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the current oil production tax rate in Texas?", "Who is responsible for paying the oil production tax – the producer, first purchaser, or later buyer?", "How can I qualify for the reduced tax rate for an enhanced recovery or co‑production project?", "What exemptions are available for wells that have been inactive for two years?", "How do I apply for a tax credit when using captured carbon dioxide in an enhanced oil recovery project?", "What records must producers, first purchasers, and carriers keep for the oil tax?", "When is the oil production tax due each month and how must it be paid?", "What penalties apply if the oil tax is paid late or if required reports are incomplete?", "How can I get a tax exemption for a restimulation well?", "Are royalty interests subject to the oil production tax?", "How is the revenue from the oil production tax allocated by the state?" ], "issue_tags": [ "oil-production-tax", "severance-tax", "tax-credits", "exemptions", "record-keeping", "enhanced-recovery", "restimulation-well", "low-producing-lease" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas oil severance tax", "oil production tax chapter 202", "oil tax", "severance tax on oil", "oil production tax", "oil tax Texas", "oil production tax code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "204", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 204. TAX CREDIT FOR NEW FIELD DISCOVERIES", "url": "/statutes/TX/204.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/204.json", "summary": "This chapter gives Texas oil and gas producers a tax credit for discovering a new oil or gas field in 1994. The credit amount depends on how many discovery wells were spudded that year, and additional credits are available for later wells in the same field. To claim the credit, producers must get a certification from the Railroad Commission, apply to the comptroller within set time limits, and the credit can be transferred but may be cancelled if the field is later linked to an existing one.", "questions_answered": [ "Who can get a tax credit for discovering a new oil or gas field in Texas?", "How much money can I receive for each new field discovery well?", "What are the deadlines for applying for the new field discovery tax credit?", "Do I need a certificate from the Railroad Commission to claim the credit?", "Can the tax credit be transferred to another party?", "What happens to the credit if the new field is later found to be connected to an existing field?", "Are there penalties for submitting false information to get the credit?", "Can I get an extra credit for additional wells drilled in the same new field?", "Which taxes can the credit be applied against?", "What documentation must I provide when applying for the credit?" ], "issue_tags": [ "tax-credit", "oil-gas", "new-field-discovery", "severance-tax", "texas", "compliance", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "new field discovery tax credit", "oil and gas discovery incentive", "severance tax credit for new fields", "Texas oil field tax credit", "new field tax credit program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "301", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 301. GENERAL PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/TX/301.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/301.json", "summary": "Chapter 301 explains why the Texas tax code is organized the way it is, how the statutes are arranged, and how they should be interpreted. It defines how internal references within the code work and sets a rule that municipalities cannot charge telephone companies an occupation tax, though other taxes may still apply.", "questions_answered": [ "What is the purpose of Title 3 of the Texas tax code?", "How are the Texas tax statutes organized and numbered?", "What rules are used to interpret the tax code?", "What does an internal reference mean in the tax code?", "Can a city charge a telephone company an occupation tax in Texas?", "Are telephone companies exempt from local taxes under this chapter?", "Does the exemption also stop municipalities from collecting old franchise taxes?", "What taxes can a municipality still collect from a telephone company?", "How does the Code Construction Act affect the tax code?", "Where can I find the definition of 'telephone company' in the tax statutes?" ], "issue_tags": [ "tax-code-structure", "code-construction", "internal-references", "telephone-company-exemption", "local-taxation" ], "synonyms": [ "General Provisions of Tax Code", "Chapter 301 Tax Code", "Texas Tax Code Overview", "Tax Code Purpose and Construction", "Telephone Company Tax Exemption" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "302", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 302. TAXATION POWERS OF MUNICIPALITIES", "url": "/statutes/TX/302.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/302.json", "summary": "This chapter explains what taxes Texas cities are allowed to impose, including property taxes for services like schools and roads, limits on rates for certain city types, and rules for home‑rule cities. It also covers occupation taxes that cities can collect and the powers they have to assess and collect those taxes.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my city levy property taxes to pay for roads and schools?", "What is the maximum property tax rate a Type B city can charge?", "Do home‑rule cities have special rules for levying taxes?", "Is my city allowed to impose an occupation tax on businesses?", "What voting requirements are needed for a city to issue a business license tax?", "How can a city collect taxes that are overdue?", "Can a city sell property to satisfy a tax debt?", "Do county taxes affect a home‑rule city’s ability to levy its own taxes?", "What types of municipalities can adopt tax collection ordinances?", "Are there any restrictions on taxing utilities owned by a city?" ], "issue_tags": [ "property-tax", "municipal-tax-authority", "occupation-tax", "tax-collection", "home-rule", "general-law", "tax-rate-limits" ], "synonyms": [ "municipal taxation powers", "city tax authority", "local tax statutes", "Texas municipal tax code", "chapter 302 tax provisions" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "311", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 311. TAX INCREMENT FINANCING ACT", "url": "/statutes/TX/311.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/311.json", "summary": "The Tax Increment Financing Act lets Texas cities and counties set up reinvestment zones to boost development. Future increases in property taxes from the zone are collected in a special fund and used to pay for public works, buildings, infrastructure, and other improvements. A board of directors oversees the zone, can issue bonds, and must follow detailed rules on project costs, financing, and reporting.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a municipality start a reinvestment (tax increment) zone?", "What types of projects can be paid for with tax increment financing?", "What are the limits on residential property in a reinvestment zone?", "Who appoints members to the board that runs a tax increment zone?", "Can a city issue bonds to fund a tax increment project, and how are they repaid?", "How are tax increments collected and deposited into the fund?", "What is the process for changing the boundaries or extending the term of a reinvestment zone?", "Can a taxing unit negotiate tax abatements or exemptions within a tax increment zone?", "What reporting and disclosure requirements apply to a tax increment financing project?", "How does the law ensure participation of disadvantaged businesses in zone contracts?" ], "issue_tags": [ "tax-increment-financing", "reinvestment-zones", "public-improvements", "board-composition", "bond-issuance", "tax-abatement", "disadvantaged-businesses" ], "synonyms": [ "Tax Increment Financing Act", "TIF", "Tax Increment Financing", "Reinvestment Zone Law", "Tax Increment Financing Statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "312", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 312. PROPERTY REDEVELOPMENT AND TAX ABATEMENT ACT", "url": "/statutes/TX/312.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/312.json", "summary": "Chapter 312 lets Texas cities, counties and, in limited cases, school districts create reinvestment zones and negotiate tax abatement agreements that lower property taxes for up to ten years when owners improve or redevelop the land. It requires local governing bodies to adopt guidelines, hold public hearings, post the rules online, and report all zones and agreements to the state comptroller. The law also sets special rules—such as prohibiting abatements near military aviation facilities, limiting school district participation, and handling confidential business information. Finally, it outlines how agreements are approved, modified, posted online, and coordinated among multiple taxing units.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my city or county offer a property tax break for new construction or redevelopment?", "What is a reinvestment zone and how does a local government designate one?", "How long can a tax abatement last and can its start date be delayed?", "Do I need to pay a fee to apply for a tax abatement and what public notice is required?", "Are school districts allowed to enter into tax abatement agreements?", "What information in my tax abatement application must be kept confidential?", "Are there any restrictions on tax abatements for property near a military aviation facility?", "How does the state comptroller track and report reinvestment zones and tax abatements?", "Can a county give a tax break for a nuclear power plant or wind energy project?", "Where can I find the local guidelines for tax abatements online?" ], "issue_tags": [ "property-tax-abatement", "reinvestment-zones", "local-government", "economic-development", "confidentiality", "military-restrictions", "reporting" ], "synonyms": [ "Property Redevelopment and Tax Abatement Act", "Tax Abatement Act", "Chapter 312", "Texas property tax abatement law", "Reinvestment zone tax relief statutes" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "313", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 313. TEXAS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ACT", "url": "/statutes/TX/313.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/313.json", "summary": "The Texas Economic Development Act lets local governments offer temporary reductions in property taxes to attract large, capital‑intensive projects that create high‑paying jobs. It sets rules for who can receive these tax breaks, how they are approved, and how the state monitors the agreements. The law also allows municipalities to charge impact fees to cover the cost of new infrastructure needed for those projects.", "questions_answered": [ "How can a company get a property‑tax reduction for building a new factory in Texas?", "What kinds of businesses are eligible for the Texas Economic Development Act incentives?", "Can a municipality charge an impact fee on a property that receives a tax limitation?", "What criteria must a school district use to approve a tax‑benefit application?", "Which entities are barred from receiving a limitation on appraised value under this act?", "How does the state auditor review the economic‑development agreements each year?", "What happens to a tax credit if the program that granted it expires or is repealed?", "Are property owners allowed to pool investments to qualify for the tax incentive?", "What purposes does the Texas Economic Development Act aim to achieve?", "Who decides whether a project creates enough high‑paying jobs to qualify for the tax break?" ], "issue_tags": [ "economic-development", "tax-incentives", "capital-investment", "impact-fee", "school-district", "eligibility", "audit" ], "synonyms": [ "Texas Economic Development Act", "Chapter 313", "Economic Development Incentive Program", "Texas capital investment tax relief", "Texas ad valorem tax limitation program" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "320", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 320. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS", "url": "/statutes/TX/320.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/320.json", "summary": "This chapter protects the effect of reinvestment zones and tax abatement agreements that were created before Chapter 312 ended. It keeps those agreements valid under the rules that were in place at the time, but it bars new renewals or extensions after the expiration date.", "questions_answered": [ "What happens to a reinvestment zone when Chapter 312 expires?", "Can a tax abatement agreement that was signed before Chapter 312 ends still be used?", "Is it possible to renew an existing reinvestment zone after Chapter 312 has expired?", "Can a tax abatement agreement be extended after Chapter 312 ends?", "Do tax abatement agreements made after Chapter 312’s expiration have any special rights?", "Which set of rules apply to a reinvestment zone created before Chapter 312 ended?", "Are there any limits on extending tax abatements that were in effect when Chapter 312 expired?", "Will a tax abatement signed after Chapter 312’s expiration be treated differently?", "Does the expiration of Chapter 312 automatically cancel existing tax incentives?", "What legal framework governs reinvestment zones and tax abatements after Chapter 312 ends?" ], "issue_tags": [ "reinvestment-zones", "tax-abatements", "chapter-expiration", "saving-provision", "local-tax-law" ], "synonyms": [ "post‑expiration tax provisions", "Chapter 312 saving clause", "reinvestment zone continuity rules", "tax abatement preservation" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "321", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 321. MUNICIPAL SALES AND USE TAX ACT", "url": "/statutes/TX/321.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/321.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas cities and certain districts create, change, or repeal local sales and use taxes, including special taxes for things like fire or crime control districts. It sets the rules for how tax rates are chosen, how elections are run, how taxes are collected and reported, and how the money can be used. The law also explains exemptions, penalties, and how use taxes work when items are bought elsewhere but used in the city.", "questions_answered": [ "How does a city adopt a new sales tax?", "What steps are required for a city to increase or decrease its sales tax rate?", "What is the maximum combined sales tax rate a city can have?", "When does a municipal sales tax become effective after voters approve it?", "Can a city levy a tax on residential gas and electricity, and how is it exempted?", "What are the rules for an additional municipal sales tax and how is it different from the regular tax?", "How are use taxes applied when items are bought out of state but used in the city?", "What election requirements must be met for a city to adopt or change a tax?", "How does the state comptroller collect and distribute municipal tax revenue?", "What can a city do with the money it receives from its sales tax?", "What penalties apply if a retailer fails to collect or remit the municipal tax?", "How are disputes or contests of a tax election handled?" ], "issue_tags": [ "municipal-sales-tax", "use-tax", "tax-election", "tax-collection", "tax-revenue", "district-tax", "tax-exemptions" ], "synonyms": [ "Municipal Sales and Use Tax Act", "local sales tax", "city sales tax", "municipal use tax", "additional municipal sales tax", "local tax authority", "municipal tax code" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "322", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 322. SALES AND USE TAXES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSE TAXING AUTHORITIES", "url": "/statutes/TX/322.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/322.json", "summary": "This chapter explains how special purpose entities like rapid transit or regional transit authorities can impose a sales and use tax, how the tax is calculated, collected, and reported, and how the state comptroller administers the funds and enforcement. It also sets out rules for exemptions, such as telecommunications services, and outlines procedures for handling delinquent taxes and lawsuits.", "questions_answered": [ "Can a transit authority add a sales tax to purchases made within its district?", "How is the use tax applied to items bought out of state but used in a transit authority area?", "What exemptions are available for telecommunications services under a special purpose tax?", "Who is responsible for collecting and distributing the sales and use tax money for a regional transit authority?", "What happens if a business or consumer fails to pay the sales tax owed to a transit authority?", "Can a taxing entity change or repeal a tax exemption, and what is the process?", "How are tax rates determined for a special purpose taxing entity?", "What information must the comptroller provide to the taxing entity about tax payments?", "When does a use tax not apply to items in a special purpose district?", "How are lawsuits for delinquent taxes handled for a transit authority?" ], "issue_tags": [ "sales-tax", "use-tax", "special-purpose-authorities", "tax-collection", "exemptions", "comptroller", "tax-enforcement" ], "synonyms": [ "Special purpose sales and use tax", "Transit authority tax", "Regional transit tax", "Local sales/use tax for transportation districts", "Special district tax code", "Transportation authority tax rules" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "323", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 323. COUNTY SALES AND USE TAX ACT", "url": "/statutes/TX/323.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/323.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas counties vote to add a small sales and use tax, sets the tax rate, and outlines how the tax is collected, reported, and used. It also covers special taxes for crime control districts, exemptions (like telecommunications), and the procedures for adopting, changing, or repealing the tax. The comptroller handles collection and distribution of the revenue, and the law includes rules for elections and disputes.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my county adopt a sales and use tax and how does the voter approval work?", "What is the maximum rate a county can set for its sales and use tax?", "When does a newly adopted county tax actually start to be collected?", "What is a use tax and when does it apply in a county that has adopted the tax?", "How does a crime control district tax differ from the regular county sales tax?", "What exemptions are available for county sales and use taxes, such as telecommunications services?", "How are the revenues from the county tax distributed and used by the county?", "What steps must a county follow to repeal an existing sales and use tax?", "Who is responsible for collecting and enforcing the county sales and use tax?", "What happens if an election on the county tax is contested or challenged?", "Can a county change the tax rate after it has been adopted, and what limits apply?", "How does the county tax interact with state sales tax and other local taxes?" ], "issue_tags": [ "county-sales-tax", "use-tax", "tax-adoption", "tax-collection", "tax-exemptions", "crime-control-tax", "tax-election" ], "synonyms": [ "County Sales and Use Tax Act", "County sales tax", "County use tax", "Local sales tax", "County tax law", "County sales and use tax statute" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "324", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 324. COUNTY HEALTH SERVICES SALES AND USE TAX", "url": "/statutes/TX/324.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/324.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas counties with 50,000 residents or fewer hold a vote to create, change, or eliminate a local sales and use tax that funds health services. It caps the tax rate between 0.5% and 1% and ensures the total local tax rate never exceeds 2% in any part of the county. The law also sets the election process, the timing for when the tax becomes effective, and requires that the money be spent only on county hospitals or public health districts.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my county add a sales tax to fund health services?", "What is the highest tax rate we can set for a county health services tax?", "What population size qualifies a county to use this health services tax?", "How does a county start the election process for the tax?", "What ballot wording is required for a health services tax election?", "What happens if the combined local tax rate would go over 2%?", "When does a newly approved health services tax start being collected?", "Can the tax be reduced or abolished after it is adopted?", "Where must the revenue from the tax be spent?", "Who decides how the health services tax money is allocated within the county?", "Can a county increase the tax if another local tax already exists in the same area?", "What are the steps if the comptroller needs to delay the tax’s effective date?" ], "issue_tags": [ "county-health-tax", "sales-use-tax", "local-election", "tax-rate-limit", "health-service-funding" ], "synonyms": [ "county health services sales tax", "local health tax", "county health services use tax", "health services levy", "county health sales tax", "local health services tax" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "325", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 325. COUNTY SALES AND USE TAX FOR LANDFILL AND CRIMINAL DETENTION CENTER", "url": "/statutes/TX/325.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/325.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas counties with 60,000 or fewer residents that border the Rio Grande and contain a city of more than 22,000 people vote to add a 0.5% sales and use tax. The tax can only be used to build, run, or maintain a county landfill and a criminal detention center, and any leftover funds go toward reducing property taxes. The combined local sales tax rate in the county may never exceed 2%, and the tax ends when the landfill closes or the detention‑center bonds are paid, or if voters later repeal it.", "questions_answered": [ "How can a county adopt a 0.5% sales tax to fund a landfill and a jail?", "What population requirements must a county meet to use this tax?", "Can the tax be added if the county already has other local sales taxes, and what is the total tax limit?", "How is the tax revenue divided between landfill operations and detention‑center bond payments?", "What happens to the tax money if the landfill is sold or the detention‑center bonds are retired?", "How do voters repeal the tax once it has been adopted?", "When does the tax become effective after an election result is certified?", "What election procedures must be followed to adopt or abolish the tax?", "Can the tax be adopted at the same time as another local tax without exceeding the 2% cap?", "What uses of the tax revenue are prohibited under this chapter?" ], "issue_tags": [ "texas-local-tax", "landfill-sales-tax", "detention-center-funding", "voter-election", "tax-rate-limit", "revenue-dedication" ], "synonyms": [ "County landfill and detention center sales tax", "Local sales tax for landfill and jail", "County sales/use tax for waste and criminal facility", "Texas Chapter 325 tax", "County landfill tax", "County jail tax" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "327", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 327. MUNICIPAL SALES AND USE TAX FOR STREET MAINTENANCE", "url": "/statutes/TX/327.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/327.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas cities vote to add a local sales and use tax that funds the upkeep of municipal streets and sidewalks. It sets rules on how high the combined tax rate can be, how the rate can be set or changed, and when the tax starts and expires. The tax money can only be spent on street maintenance, and the tax must be reauthorized by voters after a set period.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my city adopt a sales tax to pay for street repairs?", "What is the maximum combined sales tax rate a municipality can have?", "How is the rate for a municipal street tax decided and limited?", "When does a newly adopted municipal sales tax become effective?", "How can a city lower or raise its street‑maintenance sales tax?", "What happens if voters reject reauthorizing the street tax?", "How often does the municipal street tax need to be reauthorized?", "Can the tax revenue be used for anything other than street or sidewalk maintenance?", "Does the municipal street tax apply to state or federal highways?", "What is the election process for adopting or changing the tax?", "Can a city increase its tax if another nearby jurisdiction also has a sales tax?", "Are there special rules for cities intersected by interstate highways regarding tax duration?" ], "issue_tags": [ "municipal-sales-tax", "street-maintenance", "tax-rate-limits", "tax-reauthorization", "local-election", "revenue-use" ], "synonyms": [ "municipal street tax", "local sales and use tax for street upkeep", "municipal sales tax for road repair", "street maintenance tax", "local sales tax for streets" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "351", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 351. MUNICIPAL HOTEL OCCUPANCY TAXES", "url": "/statutes/TX/351.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/351.json", "summary": "This chapter lets Texas cities and towns charge a tax on hotel rooms and use the money to boost tourism, conventions, arts, sports facilities, and related projects. It sets limits on the tax rate, defines who must pay, who is exempt, and how the revenue can be pledged for bonds or allocated to specific projects. Municipalities must collect, report, and audit the tax, and they must follow detailed rules on spending and public reporting.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my city impose a tax on hotel rooms and how high can the rate be?", "Who has to pay the municipal hotel occupancy tax and who is exempt?", "What can the money from the hotel tax be used for?", "Can the tax revenue be pledged to pay for bonds or construction of a convention center?", "How does a municipality report the tax revenue to the state comptroller?", "Are there special rules for coastal or barrier island cities about how the tax money is spent?", "What are the requirements for using tax funds on sports facilities or arts projects?", "What penalties apply if a hotel fails to collect or remit the tax?", "How are project financing zones created and what benefits do they provide?", "Can a municipality use the tax revenue to fund transportation systems for tourists?" ], "issue_tags": [ "municipal-hotel-tax", "tax-rate-limit", "revenue-allocation", "tourism-promotion", "exemption-rules", "bond-pledge", "reporting-requirements", "project-financing" ], "synonyms": [ "municipal hotel occupancy tax", "local hotel tax", "hotel room tax", "hotel occupancy levy", "municipal hotel tax", "hotel occupancy surcharge" ], "reviewed": false }, { "code": "TX", "code_name": "Tax Code", "chapter": "352", "title": "TAX CODE CHAPTER 352. COUNTY HOTEL OCCUPANCY TAXES", "url": "/statutes/TX/352.md", "json_url": "/statutes/TX/352.json", "summary": "Chapter 352 lets Texas counties that meet certain population or geographic criteria impose a tax on hotel rooms that cost $2 or more per night. It sets limits on the tax rate, outlines how the tax is collected, reported, and penalized, and specifies how the revenue must be spent—primarily on tourism promotion, convention facilities, and related projects. The chapter also lists exemptions for government entities and provides rules for audits, refunds, and special uses of the money.", "questions_answered": [ "Can my county impose a hotel occupancy tax and what criteria must it meet?", "What is the highest tax rate a county can charge on a hotel room?", "Does the tax apply to all hotel rooms or only those costing $2 or more per night?", "Are government agencies or permanent residents exempt from the hotel tax?", "How must a hotel owner report and remit the tax to the county?", "What penalties apply if the tax is not reported or paid on time?", "Can the county use the tax revenue for anything other than tourism and convention projects?", "Do counties that border Mexico, the Gulf, or have an airport have special rules for the tax?", "How does the tax interact with municipal hotel taxes under Chapter 351?", "What happens to existing hotel contracts if the county raises the tax rate?", "When a hotel is sold, does the buyer have to withhold tax from the purchase price?", "What reporting requirements does the county have to the state comptroller?" ], "issue_tags": [ "county-hotel-tax", "tax-rate", "revenue-use", "exemptions", "reporting", "audit", "penalties" ], "synonyms": [ "county hotel occupancy tax", "local hotel tax", "hotel room tax", "hotel occupancy levy", "Texas hotel tax chapter 352", "county hotel tax code" ], "reviewed": false } ] }